Bursa City Health Profile 2011

Transcription

Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa
Research and Projects Department
Healthy Cities Project Office
Study Executives
Nalan FİDAN
Emel İRGİL
Handan TÜRKOĞLU
Prepared for Publication By
Ercüment Yılmaz
Mehtap Taşkıran
Emine Ot
Graphic Design
Burak TAŞKIN
Cover Design
Talha BIYIK
Published by
0224 251 18 00
ISBN
978-605-61689-2-5
BURSA CITY HEATH PROFILE 2011
SECTION I............................................................................................................................... 7
THE NAME OF GREEN“ BURSA”.......................................................................................... 8
BURSA THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY.....................................................................................12
GENERAL INFORMATION ON BURSA.....................................................................................14
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION....................................................................................................14
CLIMATE.................................................................................................................................14
DISTRICTS...............................................................................................................................14
SECTION II ............................................................................................................................. 16
1. POPULATION ......................................................................................................................17
1.1. POPULATION DENSITY....................................................................................................17
1.2. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER.......................... 17
1.3 POPULATION AND MIGRATION....................................................................................... 19
1.4. BIRTHS............................................................................................................................ 22
1.4.1. FERTILITY..................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.1.1. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FERTILITY.................................................................... 22
1.5. DEATHS........................................................................................................................... 24
1.5.1. DEATHS ACCORDONG TO AGE AND GENDER.............................................................24
1.5.2 INFANT DEATHS........................................................................................................... 26
1.5.3. REASONS OF DEATH.....................................................................................................26
1.6. POPULATION PROJECTIONS...........................................................................................28
index
2. HEALTH.............................................................................................................................. 31
02
BURSA CITY HEALTH PROFILE
2.1. HEALTH SERVICES......................................................................................................... 31
2.2. PRESENTATION OF HEALTH SERVICES........................................................................ 32
2.2.1. DENTAL HEALTH......................................................................................................... 34
2.2.2. WOMEN HEALTH SERVICES....................................................................................... 34
2.2.3. INFANT HEALTH SERVICES........................................................................................ 35
2.2.3.1 VACINE COVERAGE RATE FOR BABIES AND INFANTS
(MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS VACCINE)........................................................................... 36
2.2.4. EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICES............................................................................... 36
2.2.4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF CASES BY YEARS AND BY MONTHS.....................36
2.3. DISEASES........................................................................................................................ 38
2.5. MEDICINE AND PHARMACEUTICS................................................................................ 43
3. FACTORS HAVING EFECT ON LIFE STYLE ...................................................................... 44
3.1 TOBACCO.......................................................................................................................44
3.2 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION............................................................................................. 45
3.3 NARCOTIC CONSUPTION............................................................................................. 45
3.4 SPORTS........................................................................................................................... 47
3.5. DISABLED PEOPLE......................................................................................................... 49
3.6. CONDITIONS FOR HOUSING........................................................................................... 51
4. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL SITUATION..................................................................................... 53
4.1 EDUCATION.......................................................................................................................53
4.1.1. METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FREE VOCATIONAL COURSES.................................54
4.2 ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME..........................................56
4.2.1 EMPLOYMENT................................................................................................................56
4.2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES................................................................59
4.2.3 EKONOMİ...................................................................................................................... 59
5.1 HISTORY OF BURSA........................................................................................................ 60
5.2 SYMBOLS OF BURSA.......................................................................................................60
5.3 MUSEUMS AND RUINS....................................................................................................61
5.4 MOSQUES AND TOMBS ...................................................................................................62
5.5 KHANS..............................................................................................................................62
5.6 CASTLES AND BRIDGES..................................................................................................63
5.7 MUSEUMS .......................................................................................................................64
5.8 CINEMAS AND THEATRES...............................................................................................64
5.9 LIBRARIES ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.10. CULTURE AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES........................................................................... 66
5.11. TOURISM.........................................................................................................................66
index
5. CULTURE AND TOURISM................................................................................................... 60
03
6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT......................................................................
68
6.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES....................................................................
6.2 DRINKING WATER SOURCES.......................................................................................
6.2.1. DOĞANCI DAM (% 82)...............................................................................................
6.2.2. FOUNTAIN SOURCES (% 12).....................................................................................
6.2.3. UNDERGROUND WATER (%12).................................................................................
6.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................
6.3.1. ERECTION AND MONITORING OF DISPOSAL AREAS...............................................
6.3.2. COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF WASTE BATTARIES...............................................
6.4. SPECIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT..................................................................................
6.4.1. ERECTION AND MONITORING OF DISPOSAL AREAS ...............................................
6.4.2. COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF WASTE BATTARIES...............................................
6.4.3. STUDIES ON WASTE OIL CONTROL MANAGEMENT .................................................
6.4.4. STUDIES ON WASTE VEGETABLE OIL CONTROL MANAGEMENT.............................
6.4.5. STUDIES ON EXPIRED TIRES CONTROL MANAGEMENT..........................................
6.4.6. STUDIES ON PACKAGING WASTES CONTROL MANAGEMENT...............................
6.4.7. STUDIES ON HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT....................
6.5. CONTROLS AND AUDITS ON AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION ....................................
6.5.1. NOISE POLLUTION ...................................................................................................
6.5.2. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL .....................................................................................
6.5.3. DOĞALGAZ KULLANIM BİLGİLERİ ............................................................................
68
69
69
69
69
73
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
76
77
index
7. CITY PLANNING................................................................................................................ 78
04
7.1. UPPER SCALE PLANNING AND 1/100000 SCALE 2020 ENVIRONMENT PLAN.............78
7.2. 1/100000 SCALE BURSA CITY ENVIRONMENT PLAN......................................................78
7.3. 1/25000 SCALE LAND USE PLANS..................................................................................79
7.3.1. 1/25000 SCALE CENTRAL PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN................................. 80
7.3.2. 1/25000 SCALE WEST PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN.........................................80
7.3.3. 1/25000 SCALE MUDANYA PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN................................. 80
7.3.4. 1/25000 SCALE GEMLİK PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN..................................... 80
7.3.5. 1/25000 SCALE NORTH PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN...................................... 81
7.3.6. 1/25000 SCALE EAST PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN......................................... 81
7.4. URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECTS..........................................................................81
7.4.1. URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECT AREAS.............................................................82
7.4.1.2. SANTRALGARAJ URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECT..........................................82
7.4.1.3. SANTRALGARAJ KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM PROJESİ..................................................... 82
7.4.1.4. YALOVA HIGHWAY URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECT...................................... 82
7.5.GREEN FIELDS, SPORTS FIELDS AND RECREATIONAL PROJECTS.............................. 82
7.5.1. BURSA STADIUM.......................................................................................................... 83
7.6. PROJECTS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTENANCE OF HISTORICAL AND
CULTURAL HERITAGE .................................................................................................... 84
8.1. ROAD, SEA AND AIR TRANSPORTATION....................................................................... 87
8.1.1. ROAD TRANSPORTATION............................................................................................ 87
8.1.2. SEA TRANSPORTATION (BURSA FAST FERRY STATION).......................................... 88
8.1.3. AIR TRANSPORTATION (YENİŞEHİR AIRPORT).......................................................... 89
8.2. PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE TRANSPORTATION.......................................................... 90
8.2.1. BICYCLE TRANSPORTATION....................................................................................... 90
8.2.2. PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORTATION.................................................................................90
8.2.3. TRANSPORTATION FOR THE DISABLED......................................................................90
8.2.4. EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON TRANSPORTATION.................................................. 91
8.3. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM UTILISATION RATES........................................... 92
8.3.1. THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES AND PASSENGERS IN BURSA PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION....94
8.3.2. WALKING DISTANCES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION................................................94
8.4. CAR PARK UTILISATION................................................................................................. 94
8.4. RAIL SYSTEMS................................................................................................................ 95
8.4.1. BURSARAY ROUTES..................................................................................................... 95
8.4.2. GENERAL ASSESSMENT ON STATION POINTS......................................................... 96
9. SOCIAL SERVICES..........................................................................................................
97
9.1.SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES:........................................................................................
9.1.1. EDUCATIONAL SETS AID: ..........................................................................................
9.1.2. SUPPLIES AID.............................................................................................................
9.1.3. FUEL (COAL) AID.........................................................................................................
98
98
98
98
index
8. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION...................................................... 87
05
9.1.4.PUBLIC SOUP- KITCHEN SERVICES............................................................................ 98
9.1.5. PROPERTY AIDS.......................................................................................................... 99
9.1.6. SOCIAL AIDS DISTRIBUTION CENTERS...................................................................... 99
9.2. SERVICES FOR THE DISABLED:..................................................................................... 99
9.3. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES: .............................................................................. 101
9.3.1.İGEP (DOMESTIC MIGRATION INTEGRATION PROJECT)/CHILDREN CENTER.......... 101
9.4. FAMILY AND ADULT SERVICES ..................................................................................... 105
9.4.1. WOMEN’S SHELTER PROJECT ....................................................................................105
9.4.2.SHELTER HOUSE SERVICE .......................................................................................... 107
10. SECURITY ....................................................................................................................... 108
10.1. CRIME AND VIOLENCE................................................................................................. 108
10.2. DISASTERS................................................................................................................... 108
10.3. TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS................................................................................................... 109
SECTION 3 ..............................................................................................................................110
RESULT AND ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................112
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 113
06
Section I
07
The name of green “Bursa”
Bursa, besides its unique harmony of green and blue, thanks to the opportunity for housing many civilisations though out the history, it incorporates a rich historical heritage as well. Bursa is a city which
is well blended with economical and social integrity, natural beauties, healing spring waters, summer
and winter tourism facilities. For being located between Asia and Europe, Bursa which is highly influenced by both Asian and European culture, bears the signs of history of Hittite, Lydia, Phrygia, Romans,
Byzantium, Seljuk and Ottomans. Each spot carries the traces of history. Your journey to the past
begins at the very first step in our city.
Our city also takes the pride in and assumes the responsibility for being a city which played
an important role for the establishment of “Healthy Cities Association” for the development, adaptation and implementation of “Healthy Cities” movement in Turkey which
is maintained and developed in 6 Regional offices of World Health Organisation around
the world in 66 countries, 220 world cities and 55 European cities by leading the aggregation of the cities which attach importance to the issue.
We , Non Governmental organisations, public institutions and establishments and
all the stakeholders living in the city, being aware of our responsibility within this
scope and working in harmony, are trying to maintain the sustainable development and sustainable health and to embrace people with equal rights by
minimizing the variabilities. We all are aware that a city heath profile is the
qualitative and quantitative definition of the health of the persons living in a
city and the factors having impact on those. Therefore, we have an objective
of fulfilling our duty for standing up for health, determining the priorities and
to establish reliability and acceptability.
I would like to present my acknowledgements to everyone who contributed
into the preparation of Bursa Health Profile with an intention to build our road
map in order to see the potential of Bursa ideally and for our development in our
way which we set off with the belief that a healthy city is a healthy man.
Our city is our health.
Recep ALTEPE
Mayor of Bursa Metropolitan Municipality
President of Healthy Cities Association
08
World Health Organisation Healthy Cities Project is a global movement which only
in Europe involves thirty national network and one thousand and four hundred
cities which are members of those networks. WHO Healthy Cities Network where
the membership is renewed according to the criteria which are renewed every five
years is now at Phase V which includes the period between 2009-2013. Member
cities are performing studies in a new phase as they did in other phases.
Maybe the most important among those studies for the identification of the health
situation of the city population is the Healthy City Profile. City Health Profile is a
tool which leads the way for the improvement of the health of a city. This profile
which we prepared with the updated statistical data therefore is a mirror of the health status of Bursa. Bursa Health Profile which was prepared for Phase IV that was
published in 2005 was not only a source for Metropolitan Municipality but also for
other establishments and led the way for the studies performed.
Within this context, information contained within this book unfurls how the City Health Profile which was prepared before was indeed influential and the development
in Bursa. The data contained in this publication in all areas from health to education, transportation to culture, physical and social areas will display the present
situation and will light the way for and become a source for our future plans and
projects as well. We present our acknowledgements to Mr Recep Altepe, Mayor of
Bursa Metropolitan Municipality; Members of Advisory Board of Healthy Cities Mrs.
Assc Prof. Emel İrgil, Academician from the University of Uludağ Faculty of Medicine, Public Health Department and Prof Dr. Handan Türkoğlu from İstanbul Technical
University Head of City and Regional Planning Department, all the departments
partnering to Healthy City Project in Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa and Governorship of Bursa, Provincial Directorate of Health, Provincial Directorate of Security, Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, Bursa Chamber of Commerce
and Industry, Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyespor Club, Bursa General Directorate of
Water and Sewage Administration, Bursa Şehir içi Doğalgaz Dağıtım Ticaret ve Taahhüt A.Ş. (BURSAGAZ) and Bursa Ulaşım-Toplu Taşım İşletmeliği San. ve Tic. A.Ş.
(BURULAŞ) who contributed and supported us for introducing the profile we have
prepared with this belief. With my best wishes for a healthy life in a healthy Bursa
Nalan FİDAN
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Head of Research and Projects Department
Manager of Healthy Cities Association
09
City Health Profile is a follow-up of the profiles which were prepared before. City Health Profiles are used to measure the sustainable activities
of the World Health Organisation Healthy Cities Project in terms of quality and quantity. They are intended for the comparison of the past and
today of cities. This profile was prepared with an intention to determine
and examine all the indicators concerning health and health related issues.
While preparing the City Health Profile, data were obtained from a number of organisations concerning Bursa. During the assessment of such
data it was revealed that particularly some of the data concerning health
were not fully reliable. While data were being assessed, those issues
were pointed out.
Furthermore, the system for the execution of health services was subject to amendment in September 2009 in Bursa. In the forthcoming
years, it will be observed what kind of changes will be required on the
health criterion subject to the Family Physician system which began to
be implemented. With this system, where everyone is registered and
can reach to services, we expect that certain health situations, which
shouldn’t exist in the fourth largest of city of Turkey such as vaccine preventable diseases, will be improved.
We consider that this profile which was prepared by the common effort
and data of all the stakeholders in our city will play a significant role for
the planning and implementation of the future of Bursa. Moreover, this
is a source where all the data regarding Bursa is accumulated. We hope
that the profile will help us to create an environment for a healthier Bursa
after the problems determined are resolved in the future...
Doç. Dr. Emel İrgil
University of Uludağ, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health Department
Member of Advisory Board of Healthy Cities
010
The quality of the environment we live in have an impact on our health
and happiness. Quality of Life, according to World Health Organisation
(WHO) is defined as a perceptual assessment shaped by expectations
related to cultural structure and a values system associated with goals,
life standards and concerns for life. On the other hand, it is known that
the quality of life is a complicated and broad notion which is shaped in
association with many factors such as the physical health, psychological health, freedom level, social relations and interaction with the main
characteristics of the environment lived in.
The conditions required for the composition of a healthy environment
and a healthy society are defined by World Health Organisation as a clean and safe environment, providing the participation and control of civil
society concerning subjects related with the health and welfare of the
society, meeting the basic needs as food, water, housing, safety, labour
and income for the society in general, making the control concerning the
public health and health services accessible by all segments of society
and improvement of level of health in general and reduction of diseases.
So in order to determine to what extent all these are provided, it is so crucial for the policies to be developed by the decision makers to prepare
a profile on these subjects which have direct impact on our health and
to monitor this profile by years. It is clear that it is required and helpful
to prepare a settlement profile for the determination of current status of
the municipalities which are members of Healthy Cities Association and
to give healthy decisions for the future.
Prof. Dr. Handan Türkoğlu
Head of City and Regional Planning Department, Istanbul Technical
University, Faculty of Architecture
Healthy Cities Association Member of Advisory Board
011
Bursa throughout the history
012
The Bythians and their relatives Thynians who were living at the side of Strymon in Tracia in VII. Century BC could not withstand the attacks of Skyths so therefore they
migrated to Northeast Anatolia and settled in these land
where life started approximately 5000 years ago. They
named these fruitful lands as Bythinia and although they
extended their borders in a short time, they could not
avoid falling under domination of Lydians who had powerful armed forces in VI century BC in the territory. The
Lydian King Kroisos in 546 BC left the territory after being
defeated by the Persians and thus the territory was involved in the boundaries of the Persian Empire until 453 BC.
ceramics, coins of the Byzantium Era, the richest among
all in our country, are exhibited in Bursa Museum of Archaeology. Bursa has always been a city which persisted
its development as an industrial and agricultural center
throughout the history.
In 2005, Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa has become
the first and unique metropolitan municipality holding a
quality certificate. Bursaspor which is the football team
of the city has become the champion in Turkcell Super
League in 2009-2010 season.
The ancient sources indicate Prusias I. (232-192 BC) as
the founder of Bursa. When Hannibal, the Carthaginian
King, lost the war against the Roman Empire, he then
had to take refuge with his soldiers to Prusias I. With the
positive impression of being welcomed as a victorious
commander and having been shown respect, Hannibal
caused his soldiers to build a city. And he named the
city as Prusias and gave it as a present. Bursa which is
gradually developing through its path along its journey
throughout the history has a special place in the history
for being the first capital of the Ottoman State. As a result
of the periods passed through and cultural changes and
interactions, a number of works which were built in either
the Roman, Byzantium or Ottoman and Republic Periods
made material contribution for shaping the city. Bursa
besides being a city of history and culture also has the
characteristic of being a center for healing as well. The
hot springs and baths which are shown among the characteristic buildings of the Roman Era still continue to be
used today. The thermal and health tourism of our city
also hosts our guests who come to recover their health
and perpetuates cultural sharing. Bursa which is known
for its natural beauties also embodies a value like Uludağ
which occupies a significant place in winter tourism and
known as Olympus, the mountain of gods in the ancient
era. The natural beauties, water falls, caves and authentic Ottoman Villages of the districts of Bursa may be
listed among the places to be discovered. Today, grave
steles and various pieces of architectural work of arts,
013
General information on Bursa
014
SURFACE AREA
11.043 km²
POPULATION
Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2010
2.550.645 (Turkish Statistical Institute(TUİK) Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS)
Census Results (2009))
PROVINCIAL TRAFIC CODE
16
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Bursa which is located at 40°C longitude and between 28-30°C latitudes at the southeast of Marmara Sea is the fourth largest city in Turkey with its population of 2.550.645 persons according to (Turkish Statistical Institute(TUİK)
Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) Census Results (2009)). Bursa is surrounded by Bilecik,
Adapazarı at the east; İzmit, Yalova, İstanbul and Marmara Sea at the North, Eskişehir, Kütahya at the South and Balıkesir at the west.
CLIMATE
Bursa, with its elevation of 100 mts from sea level typically has a mild climate. However, the climate may vary depending on the regions. You can meet the mild and genial climate at the North whereas at the south you face the harsh
climate of Uludağ. The hottest months are July and August and coldest months are Ferbruary and March. As of the
observations carried out for a period of 52 years the average amount of rain is 706 mms. The average relative humidity of the city is 69%.
DISTRICTS
The districts of Bursa are Nilüfer, Yıldırım, Osmangazi, Büyükorhan, Gemlik, Gürsu, Harmancık, İnegöl, İznik, Karacabey, Keles, Kestel, Mudanya, Mustafakemalpaşa, Orhaneli, Orhangazi and Yenişehir.
Table: Population of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa and
affiliated municipalities in 2009
Belediye
Nilüfer
Mudanya
Kestel
Gürsu
Gemlik
Yıldırım
Osmangazi
Büyükşehir Belediyesi
Reference : www.tuik.gov.tr
Toplam
269.371
49.805
37.282
52.333
90.834
602.505
752.155
1.854.285
015
Section II
016
1. POPULATION
1.1. Population Density
According to (Turkish Statistical Institute (TUİK) Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) Census Results (2009)) the population of Bursa is
2.550.645 persons. The population at the city, districts, towns and villages are included in the total population.
Table 1.1. Development of Bursa Population (2007-2009)
BURSA city
City/District Centers
Towns / Villages
2007
2.439.876
1.979.999
459.877
2008
2.507.963
2.204.874
303.089
2009
2.550.645
2.249.974
Reference: www.tuik.gov.tr
300.671
Table 1.2. Population based on districts (2009)
Gemlik
İnegöl
İznik
Karacabey
Keles
Mudanya
Mustafakemalpaşa
Orhaneli
Orhangazi
Yenişehir
Büyükorhan
Harmancık
Nilüfer
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
90.834
161.541
22.574
51.907
3.681
49.805
57.097
7.934
54.319
29.275
3.285
4.076
269.371
752.155
602.505
52.333
37.282
2.249.974
Note: When the population is determined according to city, districts, villages and streets: the administrative affiliation, legal personality and name changes
which were made by the National Address Data Base (UAVT) intended for the settlement areas were taken into consideration by General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs in accordance with the relevant legislations and administrative registers. (TUİK) Address Based Population Registration System
data base- www.tuik.gov.tr
017
1.2. Distribution of population according to age and gender
According to 2008 data of Provincial Directorate of Health 23,34% of the population within the boundaries of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa is under 15.
When it is considered that this value was 22,9% according to 2007 data, it is obvious that there is an increase in the number of young population within this
one year period. Besides the increase in the number of young population, when it is compared to Health Profile 2005, it is also seen that the number of elderly
population is increasing.
Table 1.3. Distribution of Population according to age within the Borders of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa
BURSA
Population between 0 - 364 days
Population between 1 - 4 Years old
Population between 5 – 9 years old
Population between 10 - 14 Years old
Women population between 15 - 49 Years old
Population over 45 years old
Population over 65 years old
Population
36426
135614
184213
193840
670635
660962
183179
2007
%
1,52
5,64
7,67
8,07
27,91
27,50
7,62
Population
38158
134619
173557
181891
633314
626729
169345
2008
%
1,68
5,92
7,64
8,00
27,87
27,58
7,45
Reference: Provincial Directorate of Health, www.bsm.gov.tr
In 2008, 23,2% of the population is under 15 and 7,4% is over 65 years old (an aggregate of 30,6%) In this case, Bursa has a mature population structre. The
rate of dependent population in Bursa is 30,6%. According to 2002 data, the rate of dependent population in Bursa was specified as 31%.
When the distribution of population within the borders of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa is examined, it can be seen that male and female population
made a very close progress within the years.
Table 1.4. Distribution of Population within the boundaries of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa according to gender
BURSA
Population
Male
Female
TOTAL
1097842
1095791
2193633
BURSA
Population
Male
Female
TOTAL
1170424
1168282
2338706
2003
%
50,05
49,95
100,00
2006
%
50,05
49,95
100
018
Population
1126782
1104697
2231479
Population
1200820
1202386
2403206
2004
%
50,49
49,51
100,00
2007
%
49,97
50,03
100,00
Population
1146833
1147399
2294232
Population
1133406
1139249
2272655
2005
%
49,99
50,01
100,00
2008
%
49,87
50,13
100,00
1.3 Population and Migration
While Bursa was receiving migration from the Balkans, Caucasus and Russia starting from the 19th century, it then started to receive domestic migration with
the advantages created in the city by the industrialization movement in 1960’s.
Between 1927 and 1965, the population of Bursa almost doubled. Since the foreign migration that started at those times created the majority of the increase,
the population of Bursa grew by 3,5 times within the same period of time. Between 1950-2008, the population of Bursa city grew by 4,5 times and population
of the towns grew by 15 times. The rate of migration received, rate of emigrants, net migration and net migration rate as of 2000 was given in Table 1.5
Table 1.5. The rate of migration received, rate of emigrants, net migration and net migration rate, 2000
Permanent Residence in
2000
Resident population in
2000
Migration Received
Emigrants
Net migration
Net migration
rate (per mille)
BURSA
1933732
180171
94846
85325
45,12
Reference : www.tuik.gov.tr
When the reason for migrating from the places previously lived was asked to emigrants within the scope of studies performed under Support Project for the
Solution of Ecnomical and Social Integration Problems of İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara and Bursa as being the Significant cities receiving migration (Domestic Immigration Integration Project-İGEP) majority of which was financed by the European Union, general family issues (migration of parents, marriage etc) come
to the forefront. When more substantial reasons are examined, hope for finding a job becomes prominent. More than one fourth of the said group stated that
they migrated since themselves or family members were seeking for a job. This is followed by change of job / appointment for himself or family members,
seeking for better life conditions and safety reasons.
Diğer
7,80
Güvenlik Endişesiyle (Kendi İsteği
Dışında)
2,00
Güvenlik Endişesiyle (Kendi İsteği)
2,00
İşsizdi/İş Bulamıyordu
3,10
Anne/Babanın İş Araması
4,70
Eşinin Yanına Gitmek
Evlilik
6,50
1
6,60
Daha İyi Bir Yaşam
6,90
Eşinin İş Araması
8,40
Anne/Babanın Yanına Gitmek
9,40
İş Değişikliği/Tayin
9,70
İş Aramak için
11,10
Anne/Babanın Göç Etmesi
19,60
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
019
Persons born in Bursa are concentrated in the city
texture formed before 1960 and vicinities such as
Demirtaş, Mudanya, Gemlik, Çalı, Kayapa, Akçalar,
Hasanağa and Görükle which are involved in the jurisdiction of metropolitan municipality. In 2000 half
of the population living in Metropolitan Municipality
of Bursa were born in Bursa.
Map 1.1. Concentration status of the persons born in the city Reference: İGEP Supply Demand and
Needs Assessment Report
Persons who were born outside Bursa are concentrated at the part of the city which was developed
after 1975. Yıldırım district at the east and west side
of Mudanya highway at the west are the regions
where those groups are mostly concentrated. In
2000, data of which was shown by the map, approximately 1/3 of the city population and 40% of the
population living in the metropolitan municipality
were born in cities other than Bursa.
020
Map 1.2. Concentration status of the persons born outside the city Reference: İGEP Supply Demand
and Needs Assessment Report
Graphic 1.2. Population growth rate in Bursa city and villages
Reference: İGEP Supply, Demand and Needs Assessment Report
According to interurban migration rates of TUİK, net migration rate of Bursa was above 6% between 1975-80 and 1985-90. Net migration between those years
met 30% of the periodical population growth. Between 1980-85 and 1995-2000 this rate was around 27-28%. In this case, migration received from the rural
parts of Bursa has a significant share in the fast population growth of Bursa between 1980-85 besides the migration received from other cities.
Table 1.6. Bursa City - Net Migration and Net Migration Rate
1965-1970
1970-1975
1975-1980
1980-1985
1985-1990
1995-2000
Net Migration*
52.370 (4)
58.720 (3)
47.430 (4)
83.640 (3)
85.320 (5)
Net Migration Rate (Per thousand)** 23,72 (7)
57,89 (4)
61,0(4)
41,1 (4)
61,6(6)
45,1(6)
Population growth
113.750
186.850
175.520
279.120
299.540**
82.380
* Statements in parenthesis indicated the position in Turkey ranking.
** Calculated according to 1995 population estimate.
Reference: DPT (State Planning Institute) , Domestic Migration in Turkey and Characteristics of Emigrants 1965-2000; TUİK
According to Address Based Population Registration System data, while the growth in city population between 2007-2008 was 68.080 net migrations in
one year was stated as 35.600. In this case, approximately half of the population growth originated form migration and if this tendency continued Bursa will
continue to be one of the top migration places.
021
1.4. Births
1.4.1. Fertility
The change in the fertility level was examined according to child/women ratio (the number of children between 0-4 ages per 1000 women between 15-49
ages). According to Provincial Directorate of Health data for 2009 the ratio of child / women is 271. When the previous Bursa Health Profile is examined, it is
seen that this rate was 290 in 2000 and 551 in 1960. This indicates that there is a remarkable decrease in the fertility level. In the last 46 years, approximately 55% decrease was determined in the fertility level. Population per house in Bursa shows a downward trend since 1966 until today. While this downfall
may be subject to the decrease of the fertility level, it may also be due to the transformation from the traditional family type to nuclear family as well.
Table1.7. Number of houses
in the last 14 years
Table 1.8. Population per house in the
last 14 years
BURSA
Number of
Houses
BURSA
1996
410419
1996
4,58
1997
438941
1997
4,40
1998
465120
1998
4,28
1999
482920
1999
4,25
2000
499616
2000
4,21
2001
523336
2001
4,05
2002
538068
2002
4,00
2003
550977
2003
3,98
2004
563071
2004
3,96
2005
576438
2005
3,98
2006
599730
2006
3,90
2007
630534
2007
3,81
2008
634535
2008
3,58
Population per house
1.4.1.1. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FERTILITY
In the map which indicates the concentration of live birth data in the city it is seen that the fertility is lower than that of the city in general in the city Center
and streets where mid-high income groups live such as Kükürtlü, Çekirge, İhsaniye and Ataevler. The streets where highest fertility rate can be seen are Ulus,
Mevlana, Yavuzselim Değirmenönü and Karapınar in Yıldırım District and Ülkü Street in Mudanya which has a rural character where agricultural production
continues.
022
Map 1.3. Spatial Distribution of Fertility in Bursa Reference: İGEP Needs Assessment Report
While in 2009, a total of 32.891 births were in hospitals, the number of births without any medical assistance
was only 109. This number decreased significantly since 1997. In our time, the decrease in the rate of births
without medical assistance shows that the practices threatening health during birth were precluded in the
society.
Table1.9. The spatial distribution of births within Bursa in the last 13 years
Hospital
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
32.891
33.989
31.064
28.094
27.156
25.459
23.626
25.092
23.621
21.752
23.057
23.173
23.076
Physician Midwife
7
18
9
7
43
56
6
30
11
10
29
10
16
41
27
61
102
123
248
326
593
661
771
937
1.354
1.489
Other medical
personnel
28
2
24
29
40
111
50
77
273
251
231
72
253
Reference: Provincial Directorate of Heath, www.bsm.gov.tr
Births without medical
personnel assistance
109
110
99
73
101
163
198
353
316
292
330
376
483
TOTAL
33.076
34.146
31.257
28.305
27.463
26.037
24.206
26.145
24.882
23.076
24.584
24.985
25.317
The majority of births in our city are realized
at the hospitals and with the assistance of
medical personnel. However, although it is
getting gradually lower within the years,
births without the assistance of medical
personnel are still realized. This is due to
the lack of access to medical services in the
societies coming with migration although
the maternal and infant health services are
widespread. Such services shall be focused
on particularly at the regions with degraded
socio economical situation.
023
1.5. Deaths
1.5.1. DEATHS ACCORDONG TO AGE AND GENDER
In 2009 the total number of deaths was 7.591. Whe compared to the previous years, the decrease in the number of early deaths is evident.
Table1.10. The number deaths according to age and gender in the last 13 years
SUBJECT
0-7 days M
0-7 days F
8-28 days M
8-28 day F
29-364 days M
29-364 days F
1-4 years old M
1-4 years old F
5-9 years old M
5-9 years old F
10-14 years old M
10-14 years old F
15-24 years old M
15-24 years old F
25-44 years old M
25-44 years old F
45-49 years old M
45-49 years old F
50-64 years old M
50-64 years old F
65+ years old M
65+ years old F
TOTAL
2009
65
46
17
19
38
54
21
18
9
6
5
3
37
31
172
113
205
123
1.050
627
2.610
2.322
7.591
2008
58
32
12
19
47
38
19
12
11
10
12
3
63
14
222
125
267
130
1.149
706
3.085
2.697
8.731
2007
61
44
11
17
50
30
11
19
13
11
10
5
55
30
179
139
251
122
1.061
675
2.967
2.675
8.436
2006
54
48
24
12
45
27
35
27
18
12
13
13
67
34
276
183
367
244
1.350
813
3.027
2.851
9.540
2005
60
47
10
11
37
40
29
17
15
10
13
10
43
31
223
171
300
240
1.091
805
2.668
2.459
8.330
2004
71
46
19
14
64
43
36
28
14
4
14
10
73
36
237
121
232
131
978
681
2.557
2.420
7.829
2003
83
54
22
12
51
44
33
30
13
9
11
8
66
29
221
108
211
131
983
582
2.341
2.239
7.281
2002
103
55
11
14
75
78
34
30
23
9
9
12
51
21
250
136
226
124
927
536
2.279
2.115
7.118
2001
118
58
19
24
92
61
44
32
24
14
18
11
65
37
264
127
215
109
890
530
2.318
1.997
7.067
2000
105
64
18
24
91
82
39
28
15
13
21
8
72
33
254
133
218
88
910
510
2.193
2.104
7.023
1999
118
81
25
34
96
77
52
45
27
15
26
21
88
58
292
155
258
129
869
568
2.082
1.989
7.105
1998
148
108
33
23
129
126
45
39
31
13
28
16
77
44
281
129
206
105
916
546
2.054
1.847
6.944
1997
151
111
43
32
135
114
42
44
40
15
33
10
90
48
273
141
227
125
858
540
2.097
1.875
7.044
F: Female / M: Male
The number of infant and child deaths decreased in 2009. Similarly the number of adolescent and adult deaths also decreased. On the contrary, the deaths
in the group in 65+ population continue as expected. Even though the number of deaths was discreetly recorded statistically, there may be some troubles
for determination of the number of infant deaths. Realization of births without medical assistance in our city bring into mind that there may be some births
which were never recorded and therefore when some of those babies pass away they may not be entered into death records. Therefore, it is obligatory to
determine all the pregnant’s and the pregnant monitoring shall be implemented in place and properly in terms of frequency and quality.
024
The vital statistics for which changes by years are shown in Tablo 1.12 are the registered data of Bursa population.
Tablo1.11. Vital Statistics regarding Health in Bursa
SUBJECT
Mid-year population
Population density
General Gender Ratio *
Early Neonatal Death Rate
Late Neonatal Death Rate
Neonatal Death Rate
Post Neonatal Death Rate
Crude abortion rate
Abortion rate
Crude birth rate
General Fertility rate
Crude death rate
Infant death rate (0-11 months)
Death rate between 0 – 4 years old
Death rate over 45 Years old
Maternal death rate **
Natural Population Growth Rate
Stillbirth rate
Annual live birth rate
Annual Mortality Number
2004
2.231.479
205
101,99
4,47
1,26
5,74
4,09
0,61
14,77
11,7
41,62
3,5
9,83
41
893,98
30,61
11,63
6,46
26.130
7.829
2005
2.294.232
212
99,85
3,88
0,76
4,64
2,79
0,56
13,17
12,01
42,58
3,63
7,44
30,13
907,92
14,51
8,38
5,48
27.560
8.330
2006
2.338.706
216
100,18
3,66
1,27
4,85
2,53
0,57
13,04
12,16
43,37
4,08
7,38
28,51
906,92
14,06
8,08
4,32
28.441
9.540
2007
2.403.206
222
100,13
3,34
0,89
4,23
2,54
0,81
17,18
13,08
46,88
3,51
6,78
28,81
918,80
15,90
9,57
6,14
31.438
8.436
2008
2.272.655
210
99,49
2,62
0,09
3,52
2,47
1,53
28,29
15,12
54,26
3,84
5,99
27,14
920,17
17,46
15,12
6,52
34362
8731
2009
2.399.844
220
99,72
3,33
1,08
4,41
2,76
1,69
33,66
13,89
50,12
3,16
7,17
36,62
913,85
24,00
10,73
7,41
33334
7591
Calculated (*) per 100 / (**) per 100.000 / others per 1000.
025
1.5.2 Infant Deaths
Turkish Population and Health Research (TNSA) data for 2008 shows that the infant death rate in Turkey is 17 per thousand. As a consequence of studies of
Provincial Directorate of Health for prevention of infant deaths, the rate of infant deaths was reduced from 16,64 per thousand to 7,44 per thousand in 2006.
However, the births without medical personnel assistance and probable infant deaths in recent years indicate that more precautions shall be taken in this
respect. It is considered that infant deaths may be prevented besides monitoring the pregnancies and enabling births to be realized under healthy conditions also by informing the individuals on family planning which is one of the issues brought forth by the population increase due to migrations.
Tablo1.12. Status of infants in Bursa for the last 9 years
SUBJECT
Carried forward from previous
year
Determined
Coming from other regions
Live birth
Infant deaths
Leave the region
Became a child
Year end infant presence
Number of stilbirths
2009
38.985
2008
37.704
2007
35.511
2006
36.233
2005
34.510
2004
32.972
2003
33.515
2002
35.583
2001
34.699
2000
35.963
3.489
44.703
33.334
239
45.826
36.899
37.547
247
2.799
9.353
34.362
206
8.834
36.167
39.011
224
3.227
10.682
31.438
213
10.705
32.236
37.704
193
3.000
5.118
28.441
210
5.845
31.226
35.511
123
3.232
4.678
27.560
205
4.266
29.276
36.233
151
3.417
5.099
26.130
257
4.548
28.303
34.510
169
2.919
4.842
24.258
266
4.515
27.781
32.972
158
2.468
3.854
26.186
336
4.230
30.010
33.515
205
5.419
5.134
24.905
372
5.316
28.886
35.583
190
4.502
5.358
23.068
384
6.105
27.703
34.699
202
33.334 babies were born and 239 of them died in 2009. When new determined infants, infants coming with migration and live births and infants who became
a child and left the region and infant deaths are taken into consideration, the number of infants at the end of the year is 37.547.
1.5.3. Reasons of death
The number of deaths in Bursa in 2008 is 11.297 according to data of Provincial Directorate of Health. According to the Death Statistics 2008 published by
Turkish Statistical Institution the reasons for deaths are as follows. As can be seen from the table the rate of deaths in other types of cardiac diseases and
from illnesses classified as carcinoma including tumors of lymphatic and hematopoietic (blood forming) tissues is high.
026
Table 1.13. Reasons for Deaths in Bursa (2008)
Reason for
death(UHS-8)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
A
Total
Cholera
Typhoid
Bacillary dysentery amoebiasis
Enteritis and other diarrheic illnesses
Respiratory system tuberculosis
Other types of tuberculosis including after-effects
Plague
Diphtheria
Whooping cough
Streptococcal angina and scarlet fever
Meningococcus infections
Acute poliomyelitis
Variola
Measles
Typhus and other rickettsia illnesses
Marsh fever
Syphilis and types
All other infection and parasitic illnesses
Carcinoma including tumors of lymphatic and hematopoietic (blood forming) tissues
Benign tumors and tumors with undefined nature
Diabete mellitus
Avitaminoses and other lack of nutritions
Anemia
Meningitis
Acute rheumatism
Chronical rheumatic heart illness
High blood pressure
Heart diseases due to lack of blood (ischemic)
Other types of heart diseases
Cerebro vacular illnesses
Influenza
Pneumonia
Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
Gastric ulcer
Appendicitis
Intestinal obstruciton and hernia
Liver cirrhosis
B
11 297
5
25
70
104
8
12
1 941
2
266
13
7
4
32
245
573
3 192
1 354
101
13
91
C
6 368
4
21
33
54
6
5
1 335
166
7
6
2
15
90
379
1 616
647
52
4
49
C
4 929
1
4
37
50
2
7
606
2
106
6
1
2
17
155
194
1 576
707
49
9
42
027
38.
Nephritis and nepherosis
39.
Prostatic hyperplasia
40.
Abortion
41.
Other complications of pregnancy, birth and puerperium. Birth without mentioning complications
42.
Congenital anomaly
43.
Birth trauma, painful birth and other anoxia and hypoxia situations
44.
Other reasons of Perinatal mortality
45.
Symptoms and improperly defined situations
46.
All other disases
47.
Motor vehicle accidents
48.
All other accidents
49.
Suicide and self-injury
50.
All other external reasons
A: Total / B: Male / C: Female Reference:TUİK data
3
5
2
5
73
3
117
979
1 614
159
148
42
23
1
39
2
70
574
932
114
109
30
14
2
5
2
5
34
1
47
405
682
45
39
12
9
1.6.Population Projections
Since total fertility rate in West and Southwest Anatolia lowered considerably in recent years, the natural growth rate of population decelerated notably if the
migration is not taken into consideration. Consequently, the reason for the population growth in large cities is migration.
For the projections, the total net migration of Bursa Metropolitan in 2008 was assumed to have a share of %70 compared to the whole city. The projections
were based on four scenarios which are net migration value decrease by approximately 50% between 2008 and 2020 (Scenario 1), net migration rate slightly
increases (Scenario 2), rapidly increasing (scenario 3) and very rapidly increasing (Scenario 4). In the third and fourth scenarios, the decisions of the
existing plan had influence for the determination of net migration tendencies. Accordingly, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 are aligned with the 2020 population
estimates of 1/5000 and 1/25000 Land Use Plans respectively in terms of approximate values.
028
Table 1.14. Population Projection of Bursa Metropolitan Based on Age Group Composition
2008
2010
2015
2020
1.SCENARIO – LOWERING MIRGRATION
Population
Annual Net Migration
1.813.000
25.100
1.901.000
23.700
2.100.000
18.100
2.261.000
12.500
2.SCENARIO- SLIGHTLY INCREASING
MIGRATION
Population
1.813.000
25.100
1.905.000
27.200
2.159.000
32.200
2.437.000
37.300
3.SCENARIO – RAPIDLY INCREASING
MIGRATION
Population
1.813.000
25.100
1.912.000
30.800
2.209.000
42.900
2.593.000
62.100
4.SCENARIO - VERY RAPIDLY INCREASING MIGRATION
Population
1.813.000
25.100
1.917.000
35.600
2.316.000
70.900
2.925.000
106.200
Turkish Statistical Institute(TUİK) Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) Census Results for 2009 mostly comply with Scenario 1 and 2.
Although the numbers of migrations are not announced yet, decrease in population growth between 2008-09 in Bursa Metropolitan indicates that the net
migration within this period is lower than that of the previous period.
029
Table 1.15. Bursa City and Bursa Metropolitan ADNKS Population Data
2007
2008
2009
Bursa City
2.440.000
2.508.000 (2,8)
2.551.000 (1,7)
Bursa Metropolitan
1.721.000
1.813.000 (5,4)
1.854.000 (2,3)
%70
%72
%72
Share of metropolitan in the total population of the city
Note: Statements in parenthesis indicates the population growth according to the previous year.
Table 1.19. Address Based Population Registration System Central District Populations
2007
2008
07-08 Increase %
2009
08-09 Increase %
GEMLİK
90.487
90.592
0,1
90.834
0,3
MUDANYA
46.352
47.178
1,8
49.805
5,6
NİLÜFER
239.056
257.248
7,6
269.371
4,7
OSMANGAZİ
723.681
739.909
2,2
752.155
1,7
YILDIRIM
574.303
592.373
3,1
602.505
1,7
GÜRSU
47.180
50.085
6,2
52.333
4,5
KESTEL
34.723
36.067
3,9
37.282
3,4
1.721.059
1.813.452
5,4
1.854.285
2,3
METROPOLITAN
Reference : TUİK data
030
2. HEALTH
2.1. Health Services
Bursa Field Research conducted within the scope of Support Project for the Solution
of Economical and Social Integration Problems of İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara and Bursa as
being the Significant cities receiving migration (Domestic Immigration Integration Project-İGEP) majority of which was financed by the European Union revealed that Bursa
citizens were satisfied with the quality of health services in general. However, the assessments in the most disadvantageous parts of the city are not as much positive
as others. For example, while in other layers this rate is 93% and 89% where there is
health care center in the vicinity, this rate falls down to 84% in the disadvantageous
layers. While 72% of the persons at those layers take benefit of the health care center
services 61% of them think that they have to wait at the queue too much. The rate of
persons who consider the number of medical personnel to be insufficient is 44% in
this layer which has the highest rate. This group is the least satisfied group with 44%
from health care center services. İGEP Corporate Capacity Research, in a manner to
confirm the circumstance, revealed that the number of local health service units is
insufficient according to the population they serve. In Yıldırım there is one health care
center per 21.553 persons where as this number is per 16.919 persons in Osmangazi,
16.923 in Nilüfer and 17.740 in Gürsu. The standard of Ministry of Health is one health
care center per 12.000 persons. Thus there is a need for new health care centers in
these districts to comply with this standard. Also the implementation of the standards
foreseen in the family physician system that started in October 2009 in Bursa shall be
pushed to the forefront.1
The field research revealed that on-site vaccination, health screening and family planning activities are extremely limited. Only 12% of the household stated that there was
a vaccination campaign at their streets. The rate of persons who stated that there was
heath screening at their streets was only 4% and the number of persons stating that
family planning services were given is 9%, 3% and 5% respectively from the highest layer to the lowest layer. These values indicate that preventive health care services can
only be given limitedly and even though such services are rendered these services
did not reach the public and localized. There is a need to provide preventive and basic
health services on-site as much as possible by generating budget facilities with sufficient amounts. Today from time to time public establishments, local governments,
relief organizations and voluntary associations arrange campaigns to perform health
screening in the particularly identified areas. It is important to establish mechanisms
which will convert these activities into regular, systematic and coordinated activities.
And how far these needs could be met with the family physician system will be indicated with the data to be obtained in the forthcoming years.
031
2.2. Presentation of Health Services
Health services include all of the services rendered to protect and improve health, to provide treatment to patients and to heal the injured people. These
services are classified as preventive health services and curative health services. Furthermore, these services are classified into three as as 1.stage Health
Services, 2.stage health services and 3.stage rehabilitative heath services during the presentation of the service.
The 1st stage involves the healthcare organisations for out patients without beds; the second stage involves the healthcare organisations for inpatient treatment with bed and third stage involves the health care organisations which offer bed and high medical technology.
In Bursa health services are provided basically by family healthcare centers, tuberculosis dispensaries, state hospitals and university hospitals all of which
are monitored by the Ministry of Health. Polyclinics and healthcare establishments with or without bed which are monitored by the municipality also render
health services. 2009 data for the number of healthcare organisations providing health services are given below. As fas as Health Profile 2009 is considered,
we can observe from the indicators, the direct proportion of the increase of the health services to the increase of Bursa population.
Table2.1. Fundamental Information on Health in Bursa for 2009
SUBJECT
NUMBER
Number of Hospitals
32
Family Healthcare Centers
152
Family Physician Units
731
Number of MIH/FP Centers
2
Number of dispensaries
9
Total number of beds (Actuasl)
5597
Number of beds per 10.000 persons
22
Bed occupancy rate (%)
75
Number of physicians
3670
Population per physician
695
Number of dentists
720
Number of nurses
3639
Number of midwifes
1756
Number of pharmacies
800
Number of Pharmaceutists
892
Reference: Provincial directorate of health, www.bsm.gov.tr
032
As of October 2010, Family Physician System began to be implemented in Bursa. There are a total of 152 Family Healthcare Centers.
When compared to 2000, it is seen that until 2007 the number of beds per 10.000 patients increased and afterwards in 2008 there is a downward trend
even though slightly. While the number of beds per 10.000 persons in Turkey is 28,4 this number is 24 in Bursa. There are a total of 476 pcs dialyser in Bursa out of which 112 pcs belong to the Ministry of Health, 30 pcs belong to University of Uludağ and 3334 pcs to private centers. The number of population
per physician is 720. There is a direct relation between utilisation from health services and being registered to social security system. In Bursa 637.342
(26,12% of population ) employed and 351.924 (14,42% of population) retired persons are sheltered under social security system. The number of dependent population which the persons involved in the social security system shall take care is 1.531.197.
Table2.2. Total number of beds (Actual)
SUBJECT
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total number of beds (Actual)
3.929
3.969
4.635
4.479
4.665
5112
5932
5906
5772
5597
The number of beds which was around 4000 in our city in the year 2000 achieved 5600 in 2009.
Table2.3. First Stage Study Outcomes
Policlinic Services
Number of Consultations
Number of persons send to Health Organisation
Rate of Sending (%)
Minor surgical operations
Number of classic autopsy
Number of judicial reports
Certificate of death
2009
2008
2007
8.119.798
55.549
0,68
17.853
44
3.870
1.378
7.071.813
49.602
0,70
13.100
43
5.985
1.462
5.858.197
108.208
1,85
12.878
64
7.134
1.269
While the number of consultations in first stage is close to 6 million, this number exceeded 8 millions in 2009. At the same time, in 2009 the number of
persons sent to hospitals decreased by fifty percent compared to 2007. The chain of transfer between the organisations being removed highlights the
decrease in the number of persons send to hospitals. The number of increase in consultations shows that healthcare organisations are frequently used by
the public. While the number of consultations in first stage was 2,4 in 2007 it became 3,2 in 2009.
Table 2.4. Bursa City Health Personnel
SPECIALIST
PHYSICIAN
PRIMARY
CARE PHYSICIAN
TOTAL NUMBER OF
PHYSICIANS
DENTISTS
PHARMACEUTIST
HEALTH OFFICER
NURSE
MIDWIFE
1.500
1.707
3.207
455
696
1.452
2.561
1.292
Reference: Provincial Directorate o f Health, www.bsm.gov.tr
53,2 % of the physicians working in Bursa are practising physicians. In line with the general situaiton in our country, the number of specialist physicians
also increased in our city.
033
2.2.1. Dental Health
According to WHO health is not only the situation without illness or injury but being fully well bodily, psychologically and socially. Taking advantage of the
highest level of health which is achievable is one of the fundamental rights of being a human irrespective of race, religion, political belief, economical and
social conditions. Dental health is one of the issues which the developed countries overemphasize for the individuals to have access to their rights on health
equally and within the best reasonable period of time.
In our country, according to a research caused to be performed by the Ministry of Health 47,11% of the public has not consulted a dentist within the last year
and the rate of population who never visited a dentist in their lifetime is 12,5%.
In Bursa, as mentioned in below tables, the dental health examinations have been gradually reducing since 2007. The increase in the treatment indicates
that the individuals act more passively compared to previous years for not having visited any health care organisations without having any health problems.
However, while, in the below table, the number of decayed teeth was 534 in 2009 such number was determined to be 15.442 in 2006.
Table 2.5. Dental Health Information covering last 13 years
SUBJECT
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Number of examinations
Number of students screened during school screenings
Number of decays specified between 12 to 45 years old
The number periodontal diseases specified
Number of treatments
Number of pulls
Number of transfers
Fluorine application
4.706
1.744
534
197
3.003
620
251
1.213
4.865
1.865
743
59
1.772
608
119
853
12.950
2.387
9.472
621
4.857
3.112
767
2.733
14.793
5.631
15.442
745
5.968
3.059
1.286
2.550
11.850
1.338
2.109
465
4.754
4.724
1.229
0
11.545
158
853
230
224
1.770
1.560
35
5.109
1.234
823
136
944
2.055
2.917
51
5.618
1.683
1.362
182
1.243
1.748
2.536
65
4.861
1.414
1.543
119
685
1.403
2.964
5.453
3.437
1.344
297
126
639
1.145
1.180
30.494
2.2.2. Women Health Services
The rate of married women between ages 15-49 using contraceptive modern methods in Bursa is 42,7%
Table 2.6. Follow-up on women for the last 10 years
SUBJECT
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Pregnant
Puerperant
Between 15-49 years old
168.081
53.419
610.850
174.354
57.261
729.441
131.033
48.887
564.425
98.832
39.838
441.769
85.655
38.434
426.481
92.709
36.201
403.335
75.593
66.188
353.190
82.301
31.716
424.910
92.234
33.132
424.156
83.274
30.369
355.492
034
Table2.7. Maternal and Infant Health Data of the Health Directorate for 2007,2008 and 2009
2007
2008
2009
Number of Pregnancy Average
Number
pregnancy Follow-up pregnancy of babies
follow-up (0-11
Months)
Baby
Follow-up
Average
baby
follow-up
Number of Child
children
follow-up
(1-4 years
old)
Average
Child
Follow-up
34828
38579
38071
263709
321266
308834
7,00
8.24
8.23
132672
135940
142981
2.03
2.73
2.89
131033
174354
168081
3.76
4.52
4.41
37678
38985
37547
268815
371044
341948
Number
of women
between
agrees
15-49
670635
633314
665074
Women
follow-up
between
15-49
years old
564425
729441
610850
Average Women follow-up
between 1549 years old
0.84
1.15
0.92
Reference: Provincial Directorate of Health
2.2.3. Infant Health Services
It is observed that the number of children in Bursa increased in 2009 compared to the previous years. These data indicate that the services
performed on children education and development shall ve enhanced.
Table 2.8. Status of Children
SUBJECT
Carried forward from previous year
Determined this year
Arrivals from other regions
Who became a child thesis years
The number of infant deaths this year
Number of children who left the city
Juvenescent
The number of children at year-end
2009
135.940
11.579
154.515
36.899
39
162.982
32.931
142.981
2008
132.770
4.981
18.978
36.167
31
22.059
34.768
136.038
2007
134.904
4.893
25.253
32.236
30
29.410
35.076
132.770
2006
136.014
3.827
10.542
31.226
62
12.993
33.650
134.904
2005
136.400
2.892
6.979
29.276
47
9.052
30.434
136.014
Table 2.9. Child and Infant Follow-ups for the last 10 years
KONU
Infant
Child
2009
308.834
341.948
2008
321.266
371.044
2007
263.709
268.815
2006
208.124
220.278
2005
216.423
228.839
2004
205.101
187.245
2003
156.635
170.818
2002
164.851
182.221
2001
170.624
156.763
2000
165.487
163.051
035
2.2.3.1 VACINE COVERAGE RATE FOR BABIES AND INFANTS (MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS VACCINE)
Table 2.10. The rate of vaccination in babies in 2008, at least five health care centers
Health Care Centers
Beyazıt Health Care Center
Hacivat Health Care Center
Gemlik Manastır Health Care Center
Ortabağlar Health Care Center
Gemlik No:1 Health Care Center
2006
52,27
47,22
58,62
40,43
2007
54,46
74,29
63,08
97,31
73,04
2008
66,31
71,59
73,72
76,04
77,57
Reference: İgep Supply, Demand and Needs Assessment
The table above was prepared based on the 5 health care centers where the infant and child vaccination rates were minimum in 2008.
It is observed that the rate of vaccination by years is increasing in Beyazıt Healthcare Center. However, in order to make an assessment, the target population
shall also be taken into consideration. The target population of Beyazıt Healthcare Center which was 336 in 2007 fell back to 282 in 2008. The target population numbers of Hacivat Healthcare Center are 396, 420 and 447 respectively. Therefore, it can be assumed that vaccination rate in Hacivat Healthcare Center
increased compared to 2006. What is interesting in the table is that while the rate of vaccination in Ortabağlar Healthcare Center in 2006 was only 58,62%
then increased up to 97,31% in 2007 and fell down to 76,04 % in 2008. The target population of Ortabağlar Healthcare Center by years is 348, 372 and 576
and the number of healthcare personnel is 9.14 and 16 respectively. It can be determined that the rate of increase in the number of healthcare personnel
increased the rate of vaccination and the population growth in 2008 could not be met by increasing the number of personnel working at the healthcare
centers and the number of personnel became insufficient. What kind of a course will the immunization rates after the family physicians system started will
follow in Bursa shall be discreetly evaluated.
2.2.4. Emergency Health Services
2.2.4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF CASES BY YEARS AND BY MONTHS
Table2.11. Distribution of cases by moths
YEAR
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
JAN
422
566
856
1.387
1.403
1.602
1.882
2.197
2.491
3.085
3.278
3.718
4.376
FEB
425
565
1.023
1.081
1.199
1.418
1.436
2.071
2.328
2.710
2.993
3.453
4.205
MAR
424
686
1.354
1.326
1.385
1.533
1.549
2.000
2.694
3.054
3.458
3.951
5.110
APR
467
762
1.148
1.335
1.284
1.515
1.659
2.025
2.676
3.093
3.456
3.991
5.253
036
MAY
555
818
1.268
1.426
1.568
1.731
1.930
2.252
2.363
3.338
3.987
4.512
5.911
JUNE
594
980
1.306
1.485
1.691
1.659
1.944
2.351
3.012
3.194
4.027
4.623
6.261
JUL
545
1.018
1.356
1.599
1.675
1.700
2.072
2.601
3.342
3.276
4.093
4.775
6.193
AUGUST
456
1.003
1.449
1.426
1.545
1.533
1.944
2.387
3.389
3.477
4.301
4.901
5.955
SEP
471
915
1.237
1.359
1.448
1.432
1.764
2.412
2.956
2.917
3.572
3.912
5.261
OCT
550
998
1.191
1.385
1.430
1.644
1.735
2.171
2.814
3.111
3.784
4.450
5.948
NOV
550
911
1.247
1.599
1.314
1.361
1.629
2.322
3.018
3.244
3.497
4.148
5.957
DEC
597
889
1.340
1.453
1.413
1.723
1.920
2.388
2.802
3.250
3.586
4.200
6.162
Table 2.12. Average Number of cases in total and by months
YEAR
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
TOTAL CASES
6.056
10.111
14.775
16.861
17.355
18.851
21.464
27.177
33.885
37.749
44.032
50.634
66.592
MONTHLY AVERAGE
505
843
1.231
1.405
1.446
1.571
1.789
2.265
2.824
3.146
3.669
4.220
5.549
Since 1997, a notable increase for both the total and monthly calls for emergency health services can be observed. Beside the increase of the population
and the number of emergency services, these high averages could be achieved as a result of increases for emergency service calls with the consideration of
citizens that they can receive faster service from emergency services
Table 2.13. Monthly Distribution of Carbon monoxide Intoxications determined in our city in 2008
MONTH
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
TOTAL
Number of Applications
129
103
131
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
107
45
528
Outpatient Treatment
68
35
47
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
20
228
Inpatient Treatment
59
66
82
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
23
289
Number of deaths
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
11
Carbon monoxide intoxications which occur in winter
time as a result of geographical and climatic conditions
of our city is a significant issue. Warnings and trainings
in this respect shall be regarded because there are citizens who die for this reason.
037
2.3. Diseases
Table 2.14. Information Form between January 2009 and December 2009 Concerning the Notifiable Diseases
Acute Bloody
Diarrhea
Definitive Case
0-11
months
1-4 Years
old
5-9 Years
old
10-14
Years old
15-19
Years old
20-29
Years old
30-44
Years old
45-64
Years old
65+ Years
old
TOTAL
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
8
8
16
17
22
39
11
9
20
13
8
21
10
15
25
8
15
23
9
18
27
21
30
51
M
F
T
M
F
T
Whooping Cough
Possible
Case
1
1
1
Definitive
Case
1
Possible
Case
1
Definitive
Case
1
Gonorrhea
HepatitisA
Hepatitis B
Definitive
Case
Definitive
Case
Definitive
Case
1
1
2
6
7
13
5
4
9
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
5
7
4
11
6
5
11
1
9
3
12
11
7
18
7
8
15
10
3
4
17
27
107
142
249
2
5
20
13
33
5
9
35
23
58
2
1
3
038
Brucellosis
1
1
1
3
4
7
1
1
1
2
2
4
1
5
10
18
28
13
10
23
7
2
9
1
16
1
1
16
32
1
2
39
33
72
Tablo 2.14. Information Form between January 2009 and December 2009 Concerning the Notifiable Diseases (continued)
0-11
months
1-4 Years
old
5-9 Years
old
10-14
Years old
15-19
Years old
20-29
Years old
30-44
Years old
45-64
Years old
65+ Years
old
TOTAL
Rabies RiskContact
MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE
Definitive Case
Possible Case
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
M
F
T
1
1
2
20
10
30
66
36
102
97
24
121
87
25
112
110
29
139
115
41
156
107
54
161
1
M
40
F
T
M
F
T
24
64
643
244
887
Syphylis
Definitive Case Definitive Case
Anthrax
Possible Case
Typhoid
Hepatitis C
Definitive Case Definitive Case Definitive Case
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
11
5
16
21
12
33
16
6
22
3
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
6
1
4
5
2
4
4
1
1
1
1
2
49
24
73
1
4
1
5
1
4
14
18
1
1
3
3
Mumps
Possible Case
14
8
22
13
14
27
7
5
12
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
Measles
Definitive Case
3
2
5
7
5
12
2
1
3
Possible Case
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
40
29
69
12
10
22
4
3
7
039
The most common notifiable disease in Bursa in 2009 has been “Rabies Risk-Contact”. This is followed by acute bloody diarrheal. Observance of whooping
cough, mumps and measles which are among vaccine preventable diseases indicates that there is a setback in the immunization services and that they
shall be reorganized.
Acute Sinusitis
Acute Angina
Acute Tonsillitis
A cute Laryngitis
Acute Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonitis
Asthma
Acue otitis media
M
9298
316
5103
2599
249
2504
692
154
160
924
F
8520
265
4301
2136
193
1897
490
103
67
793
1-4 Years
Old
M
48261
6298
41200
36847
1971
15906
1939
855
2371
5167
F
45277
5336
38840
31644
1601
12445
1560
570
1246
4394
5-9 Years
Old
M
32891
11515
36353
34133
1465
10778
965
455
2034
2486
F
31679
10076
35201
31580
1312
9106
796
354
1294
2351
10-14
Years Old
M
21940
10141
26809
20791
1079
5627
448
188
849
1196
F
21850
10108
26644
19681
978
4626
367
153
649
1347
15-24
Years Old
M
23164
13547
29639
15048
869
5448
380
193
5
612
990
F
30306
16604
381161
18750
1334
5761
379
192
12
837
1743
25-44
Years Old
M
20095
14311
30773
15147
998
8345
433
383
1125
1753
1531
F
53386
33413
76327
31434
2755
16172
895
577
1638
4476
4187
45-64
Years Old
M
21810
11118
30260
10142
1087
11255
616
582
10271
3378
1215
F
39585
19870
52898
17653
1958
18003
966
647
6593
6526
2122
65+ Years
Old
M
10323
3439
10697
3459
407
7503
388
537
16183
3356
357
F
13856
4168
14346
4465
564
8970
419
528
9571
3934
484
M
187782
70685
210834
138166
8125
67366
5861
3347
27584
14513
13866
F
244459
99840
286718
157343
10698
76980
5872
3124
17814
19029
17421
T
432241
170525
497552
295509
18823
144346
11733
6471
45398
33542
31287
TOTAL
040
chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases
Upper respiratory
tract infection
0 Years
Old
Age Groups
Gender
Table 2.15. Information Form Concerning Non-Notifiable Diseases in 2009
6
14
1038
1362
12
5
16
17
45
3991
12013
21
64
6
13
7
1181
17
12
22
3541
10220
2
23
61
3
6
2
58
1887
28
11
5
2418
5870
8
24
391
16
15
7
26
37
1728
28
9
1
2325
4989
4
64
407
22
27
6
M
43
1
398
4
4
1323
4556
22
44
422
53
41
11
F
52
398
6
3
2441
3314
11
109
567
65
12
5
15-24
YEARS
OLD
M
50
85
1
2
1492
6890
322
187
826
51
13
9
F
108
79
1
1
14393
4988
641
978
1338
83
29
14
25-44
YEARS
OLD
M
64
38
2161
4939
15113
982
8424
77
8
4
F
310
34
3
34332
7131
36165
6094
16013
356
42
30
45-64
YEARS
OLD
M
120
5
3
2939
4256
132497
2494
59642
232
9
10
F
420
6
1
14889
5613
263096
9280
94597
507
36
9
65+
YEARS
OLD
M
64
3
1
2708
2274
120478
1557
35303
116
1
5
F
113
3
1
6297
2758
214077
4017
59829
185
6
4
M
392
177
3668
52
38
61
18094
42501
0
268440
5326
105075
553
100
53
F
1055
128
3504
53
36
37
79256
40375
3619
513996
20577
172817
1221
158
70
T
1447
305
7172
105
74
98
97350
82876
3619
782436
25903
277892
1774
258
123
Acute Rheumatic
Fever
Varicella
Scarlet Fever
F
2
4
75
1-4
YEARS
OLD
M
22
109
1184
F
24
87
5-9
YEARS
OLD
M
27
F
10-14
YEARS
OLD
TOTAL
1
2
624
2394
599
Obesity
Gender
3
Diabetes
Age groups
68
Thalassemia
3
9
thyromegaly
17
2
High Blood
Pressure
Diarrheal
1703
M
SCervicits
Iron deficiency
Anaemia
1068
0
YEARS
OLD
protein-energy
malnutrition
11
Febrile Convulsions
Rachitism
Other hemoglobinaptic
Table 2.15. Information Form Concerning Non-Notifiable Diseases in 2009 (continued)
2
While among the epidemic diseases acute angina, upper respiratory tract diseases and acute tonsillitis were most common in Bursa in 2009,
high blood pressure and diabetes are the most common reason among the non-infectious diseases for people to seek medical treatment.
041
2.4. Training Studies
Table 2.16. Central Districts Healthcare Centers Maternal and Infant Health Public Training Studies
Maternal Health and Family Planning (04)
Hygiene and Environmental Health (01)
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Nilüfer
Mudanya
Gemlik
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
2006
1235
1134
351
480
189
0
38
3427
2007
1685
1658
285
428
281
12
61
4410
2008
2394
1263
429
369
510
66
308
5339
Nutrition (02)
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Nilüfer
Mudanya
Gemlik
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
2006
2376
1776
749
724
488
16
291
6420
2007
3234
2678
802
672
558
16
472
8432
2008
4668
2296
1119
739
655
137
796
10410
Child Health and Childhood Diseases (03)
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Nilüfer
Mudanya
Gemlik
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
042
2006
1832
1447
701
587
384
15
250
5216
2007
2097
1921
775
549
432
24
306
6104
2008
3205
1539
939
567
491
83
762
7586
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Nilüfer
2006
2760
2032
905
2007
3615
2515
802
2008
2097
1921
775
Mudanya
Gemlik
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
864
606
20
307
7494
714
616
29
399
8690
569
432
24
306
6104
Protection Against Epidemic Diseases, Vaccination and
Responsibles (05)
Osmangazi
Yıldırım
Nilüfer
Mudanya
Gemlik
Gürsu
Kestel
Total
2006
2022
1730
706
447
454
7
207
5573
2007
2526
218
810
425
468
19
248
4714
2008
3230
1522
817
467
413
67
662
7175
It can be observed that the public training works performed by the healthcare centers are gradually increasing. When a comparison is made on district basis, it is apparent that during all the 3
years more persons were trained in Osmangazi District. However, as mentioned before Osmangazi
is a district where the highest number of healthcare centers are available and the most populated
among the central districts. When the number of persons trained per healthcare center as of 2008
is considered, it is seen that Osmangazi is ranked in 3rd place after Kestel and Mudanya in terms
of the number of persons trained per healthcare center. As far as the ratio of the persons to the
number of population is concerned it can be seen that Mudanya has the highest rate after Kestel.
Table 2.17. Public Training Works on Healthcare Center Basis in 2008 in Central Districts
DISTRICT
Total Education
Number of Healthcare
Centers
Number of persons trained per healthcare center
District Population
Osmangazi
17716
44
403
710.590
Yıldırım
8682
23
377
517.274
Nilüfer
4360
13
335
236.918
Mudanya
2921
7
417
59.069
Gemlik
2565
8
321
53.219
Gürsu
477
3
159
89.472
Kestel
3328
5
666
40.919
TOTAL
40049
103
389
1.707.461
Reference: iGEP, Supply, Demand and Needs Assessment
2.5. MEDICINE AND PHARMACEUTICS
Table 2.18. Number of Pharmacies in Bursa
SUBJECT
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Number of Pharmacies
645
647
661
664
678
713
746
753
771
800
Number of Pharmaceutics
685
687
722
730
772
786
812
850
868
892
The number of pharmacies in Bursa which was 645 in 2000 increased upto 800 in 2009.
043
3. FACTORS HAVING EFECT
ON LIFE STYLE
3.1 Tobacco
According to the outcomes of Global Adult Tobacco Research held in November 2008, while 27,4% of individuals at or above 15 years old consumed tobacco every and 3,8% consumed tobacco occasionally, 15,9% declared not
to use tobacco for the time being and 52,8% declared that they are life long
non-smokers. When the tobacco consumption is examined in gender basis, the rate of men consuming tobacco is 43,8% while this rate is 11,6% for
women. It is observed that tobacco consumption is more common among
men than women. When the gender differentiation is examined in terms of
non-smokers, 30% of men declared to be life long non-smokers where as
this ratio for women is 74,8%.
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) data, smoking habits starts
between 15-19 years old with a rate of 40%. Globally in the whole World approximately 45% of the population above 15 years old severely suffer from
smoking addiction. Since it was calculated that the number of deaths due to
smoking in Turkey in the last 40-50 years could be over 10 million, this habit
is accepted as a critical public health issue.
According to WHO data, the smoking habit in the world between 1970-85
increased with an average of 7,1%. While it showed a dramatic increase in
Asia, Latin America and Africa, it is becoming less in North America and Europe. The increase in Turkey is about 10%. Smoking cigarettes is the reason
for 30% of all the cancer originated deaths and 90% of all the lung cancers.
Smoking prevalence in Europe is around 40% and 1 per 6 deaths is due to
cigarette-originated diseases.
WHO, starting from 1998, is celebrating 31st of May as “World No Tobacco
Day” by organizing various activities.
044
Table 3.1. Table of Cigarette Related Diseases Number of Cases 2009
Ocak
Şubat
Mart
Nisan
Mayıs
Haz.
Tem.
Ağus.
Eylül
Ekim
Kasım
Aralık
Ischemic Heart Dis.
3875
3887
3937
4364
3458
3502
3295
3195
2768
3465
2944
4050
Cardiac Insufficiency
1309
1206
1341
1298
1027
1170
1035
935
812
1027
928
1145
Asthma
3156
2998
3251
2942
2619
2559
2002
2157
2032
2557
2812
3483
Chroınic Bronchitis
911
1021
910
718
711
652
581
539
549
596
753
991
Emphysema
50
36
47
53
54
42
29
34
39
64
47
48
Cerebovascular Disease 523
431
512
491
564
551
499
498
430
532
458
587
Lung Cancer
394
332
369
341
380
321
289
324
262
286
339
552
Laryngeal Cancer
143
104
131
127
115
106
134
119
122
135
108
119
Bladder Cancer
230
258
277
274
244
234
256
248
250
256
207
267
Prostate Cancer
200
158
210
192
191
183
192
158
191
228
198
214
3.2 Alcohol Consumption
Data for alcohol consumption is very limited in Bursa. The number of applications due to alcohol addiction complaint to Bursa Provincial Directorate of Health
Mental Health and Social Diseases Department in 2009 is only 19.
3.3. Narcotic Consumption
According to Bursa Provincial Directorate of Security data, the information concerning the substance-use is as follows:
EDUCATION STATUS
Among the individuals who were subject to criminal actions due to narcotics in 2009, 7% were literate, 37% graduated from primary school,
20% graduated from secondary school, 19% graduated form high school
and 4% graduated from the university. 13% were illiterate.
Secondry School
High School
University
Not literate
Literacy
Primary school
045
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS
Artisan
Unemployed
Other
Freelancer
In 2009, among the persons who were taking drugs, 38% were freelancers,
26% were artisans, 25% were unemployed and 11% were involved in other
occupational groups.
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO AGE GROUPS
Between 46 +
Between 36-45
Between 26-35
Between 19-25
Between 16-18
Between 11-15
Among the drug users in 2009, 2% were between 11-15 years old, 10% were
between 16-18 years old, 31% were between 19-25 years old, 34% were
between 26-35 years old, 15% were between 36-45 years old and 8% were at
or above 46 years old.
FUNDEMENTAL REASONS STIMULATING DRUG ADDICTION
046
For fun
Friends
Personal issues
Family Issues
Curiosity
According to Turkey data, among the reasons stimulating drug addiction first
rank is hold by curiosity by 42% followed by family issues by 16%, 13% personal issues, 27% affected from friends and 2% done it for fun purposes.
Within the scope of fight against drug addiction, the following studies were
implemented in 2009 and 2010 and still continue to be implemented by
Bursa Provincial Directorate of Security.
• A Local Action Plan was prepared covering 2009-2012 in our city in line
with the National Strategy Instrument prepared by TUBIM and started to be
implemented with the approval of the governorship.
• Brochures concerning the drug addiction are published and distributed
to students and parents. Also promotional materials were printed and distributed in this respect.
• Awareness and consciousness raising conferences intended for public
establishments and institutions, parents, students, NGO’s and private sector employees are being held.
• Support was given to Domestic Migration Integration Project (IGEP) initiated by Bursa Metropolitan Municipality.
• A website was activated to establish efficient communication with the
public and to cause them be properly informed. (www.maddebagimliligi16.
com).
• Awareness raising programs were prepared at the local media by the Provincial Contact.
• Stands were established at various activities and our citizens were given
consciousness raising information’s.
3.4 Sports
When the statistics obtained on sports are examined, it is seen that the capacity of sports clubs in Bursa is not sufficient when compared to the average in
Turkey. Therefore, the existing capacity shall be increased in order to make public health planning without ignoring the positive effect of sports on public
health.
047
Table 3.2. Statistical Regional Units Classification and number of sports clubs according to type
Sports Clubs
Turkey
Bursa
Total
8.593
329
Youth Sports Club
5.636
290
Establishment’s Clubs
1.181
6
Specialized Sports Club School Sports Club
615
1.148
14
18
Military Sports Club
13
1
Reference: TUİK,2007
Table 3.3. Number of licenced and active athletes under supervision of a federation according to Statistical Region Units classification
Turkey
Bursa
TOTAL
1.262.891
57.756
Licenced Athletes
MALE
910.831
47.609
FEMALE
352.060
10.147
Active Athletes
MALE
152.785
6.156
TOTAL
209.436
8.200
FEMALE
56.651
2.044
Reference: TUİK,2007
Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyespor continues to work with an intention to cause the children to spend their time in a healthy environment and to keep away
from harmful habits and to become a competitor sportsman by taking the basic training ata club and to become socially beneficial individuals in terms of
sentiments, physical and mental health and to raise strong, resolute, participative and responsible sportsman under the supervision of trainers who are
expert in their fields.
Table 3.4. Number of Athletes in Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyespor Club according to Branches
Licenced
Without licence
Wrestling
Athleticism
Basketball
Table Tennis
Tennis
Karate
Swimming
Water polo
Cycling
336
313
289
80
70
279
110
100
93
50
40
100
14
63
70
50
50
0
Volleyball
42
110
Total: Activities and trainings continue with 2259athletes.
Reference: Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyespor
048
3.5. Disabled People
As specified in the regulations of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, studies and projects are implemented in order to determine the statistical data of the
disabled persons living within the borders of Bursa either by purchasing services or by the own resources of the municipality, to remove all the physical
barriers ( particularly the Municipality and Public Establishments Service buildings) so as to enable them to live without any need for an assistant or a companion and to realize proper architectural and urban arrangements and to take all required measurements in this respect.
BUKART was provided free of charge to a total of 17.120 disabled citizens and 1322 companions by Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Transportation Department in Bursa. Also a total 87 lower -floored buses suitable for use by the disabled serve in different destinations interchangeably.
Table 3.5. Establishments Providing Service to the Disabled in Bursa
Name of Center
Capacity
Number of beneficials Personnel
Location
Yenice Care, Rehabilitation and Family Consultancy Cen- 60
ter Day / Night
21
40
Mümin Gençoğlu mah. Yenice/İnegöl
Nursing Home Physiotherapy Unit, Spastic
177
53
168
Reference: İGEP Supply, Demand and Needs Assessment
In the reformatories of Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution the disabled children and youngsters are provided accommodation together
with other children and youngsters.
Ministry of National Education (MEB) provides the disabled education in special schools for the disabled. The hearing-impaired children are able to receive
education in 48 primary schools in Turkey. Two of these schools are in Bursa as Duyum Primary School for Hearing Impaired and İbn-i Sina Primary School for
Hearing Impaired. Furthermore, there are 15 vocational high schools intended for hearing impaired in Turkey an done of the Nilüfer Vocational High Schools
for Hearing Impaired provides education in Bursa. Sight disabled children may receive education in 16 primary schools however there is no school in Bursa
providing service to sight-impaired students under the supervision of the Ministry of National Education.
In Turkey, wide trainable mentally retarded children receive education in 67 and in Bursa there are 3 schools. Trainable mentally retarded children between
6-14 years old receive education in Mithat Enç Primar School and Work School, Nilüfer Work School and Yıldırım Rüveyde Dörtçelik Primary School. Educable
mentally retarded children receive education in 121 schools in Turkey and 3 in Bursa. In nationwide, there are 5 establishments under the supervision of Ministry of National Education which provide education to mentally retarded adults whereas there is no establishment in Bursa providing education in this field.
Autistic childred are provided education nationwide in a total of 23 centers monitored by the Ministry of national Education and in Bursa at Baha Cemal Zağra
Autistic Children Education Center in Osmangazi District. While in Turkey-wide there are 3 Orthopaedic Primary Schools and 2 Vocational High Schools monitored by MBE, in Bursa there is no school providing education to orthopedically handicapped children. Furthermore, in Bursa one hospital primary school
is providing education. The list of schools monitored by the Ministry of National Education providing education to disabled children in Bursa is given below.
049
Table 3.6. School for the Disabled in Bursa Monitored by MEB
Name of Center
Number of beneficiaries Personnel
Location
Nilüfer Vocational High School for Hearing Impaired
197
22
Fethiye Mah,Nilüfer
Duyum Primary School for Hearing Impaired
144
25
Nilüfer
University of Uludağ Faculty of Medicine Hospital Primary School
77
3
Nilüfer
Mithat Enç Primary School and Work School for the Trainable Mentally Retarded
162
21
Nilüfer Work School for Trainable Mentally Retarded
217
35
Nilüfer
İpek Education Practice School and Work Training Center Educable Mentally Retarded
142
26
Yıldırım Rüveyde Dörtçelik Primary School Educable Mentally Retarded between 6-14
Years old
105
10
Şükraniye Mah,Yıldırım
Samanlı Education Practice School and Work Center Educable Mentally Retarded
55
4
Yıldırım
BTSO Baha Cemal Zağra Autistic Children Education Center
111
28
Osmangazi
İbn-İ Sina Primary School for Hearing Impaired
71
15
M.Kemal Paşa
Municipality of İnegöl Bursa Special Directorate of Administration Practice School and
Work Center Educable Mentally Retarded
51
6
İnegöl
1336
195
Total
Reference: İGEP Supply, Demand and Needs Assessment
050
3.6. CONDITIONS FOR HOUSING
According to the study carried out in 2000 for the last time, when the data of Turkish Statistical Institute is examined, it is seen that the number of households and housing situation in Bursa indicates a better position in terms of higher standards of house inventory when compared to Turkey in general. Most
of population almost 84% live in 3 or 4 –room houses.
Table 3.7. Number of households according to the number of rooms of the house
CITY
Total number
of households 1
Number of rooms
2
3
4
5+
Total
15 070 093
242 082
1 443 730
5 607 870
6 126 409
1 628 587 21 415
Bursa
545 391
4 003
35 551
218 280
237 816
49 404
Unknown
337
Reference: 2000 year general census, Turkish Statistical Institution, www.tuik.gov.tr
Table 3.8. Ease of use of houses
Toilet
Konutun Dışında
%
Yok
%
Bilinmeyen
%
In the house
%
Outside the house
%
None
%
Unknown
%
488 658
86,60
55 792
10,23
885
0,16
56
0,01
6 067
1,11
7 441
1,36
116
0,02
Bath
In the house
%
Outside the house
%
None
%
Unknown
%
531 767
97,50
6 067
1,11
7 441
1,36
116
0,02
Konutun Dışında
%
Yok
%
Bilinmeyen
%
Kitchen
In the house
%
Outside the house
%
None
%
Unknown
%
534 011
97,91
4 272
0,78
6 981
1,28
127
0,02
In the house
%
Outside the house
%
None
%
Unknown
%
526 068
96,46
9 878
1,81
9 274
1.70
171
0,03
Mains Water
Reference: General Census for 2000, Turkish Statistical Institution, www.tuik.gov.tr
When houses are examined in terms of ease of use, it is observed that toilets are located in approximately 90% of the houses. The houses where toile’s are
located outside are generally in rural areas. 1,36 % of the houses (7447 houses) do not have a bathroom, 1,28% (6981 houses) do not have a kitchen and
1,70% (9275 houses) do not have mains water connection. In general, it is seen that the houses are suitable in terms of ease of use.
051
Table 3.9. House according to the type of heating used for the last 2 years
2007
Coal
Firewood
Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
96
Electricity
Other
TOTAL (Houses)
Home
254861
91185
2246
280514
56,40
1704
24
630534
2008
%
40,42
14,46
0,36
44,49
0,27
0,27
0,00
100,00
Home
202008
64289
3766
357
1456
1456
5120
634535
%
31,84
10,13
0,59
56,40
0,23
0,23
0,81
100,00
Reference: Turkish Statistical Institution, www.tuik.gov.tr
Table 3.10. Number of house holds according to the ownership of houses
Total number of households
Landlord
%
Tenant
%
Lodging inhibiter
%
Non home owner and rent-free inhibiters
%
Other
%
Unknown
Bursa
Turkey
545 391
353 275
65
143 638
26
6 335
1
39 081
7
2 798
1
264
15070093
10 290 843
68
3 604 367
24
310 347
2
730 065
5
125 452
1
9 019
Reference: General census for 2000, Turkish Statistical Institution, www.tuik.gov.tr
Table 3.11 Population per house for the last 9 years
BURSA
Population per house
2000
4,21
2001
4,05
2002
4,00
Reference: Bursa Provincial Directorate of Health, www.bsm.gov.tr
052
2003
3,98
2004
3,96
2005
3,98
2006
3,90
2007
3,81
2008
3,58
4. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL SITUATION
4.1 Education
According to data of Provincial Directorate of Health 4,7% of the population in
Bursa is illiterate. This ratio is even higher compared to the city population particularly in areas which receives migration and that we qualify as disadvantageous. Fall down of the illiterate population from 5,38% in its 2007 level to
4,7% in 2008 indicates the improvement in the education level and that the
individuals become more conscious and support development. The literacy
courses opened according to the needs of the regions within the body of Provincial Directorate of National Education, free of charge SBS (level determination exam) courses, vocational courses intended for women, cultural, social
and sportive activities organized with the support of local governments and
NGO’s can be assumed as the drivers of improvement in educational levels.
Table 4.1. Population According to Educational Status of Bursa
2005
Population
Under or above school age
Illiterate
Literate
Primary Sch.
Secondary Sch.
High Sch.
University
TOTAL
237538
117549
224452
964839
325909
310008
113937
2294232
2006
%
10,35
5,12
9,78
42,05
14,21
13,51
4,97
100,00
Population
236504
128392
225866
948598
334103
334522
130721
2338706
2007
%
10,11
5,49
9,66
40,56
14,29
14,30
5,59
100
Population
241652
129334
226046
949794
347282
363603
145495
2403206
2008
%
10,06
5,38
9,41
39,52
14,45
15,13
6,05
100,00
Population
225668
108452
243580
69412
306329
359870
159344
2272655
%
9,93
4,77
10,72
38,26
13,48
15,83
7,01
100,00
053
Table 4.2. Information Concerning I. and II. Phase Literacy Courses and Trainees in Central Districts, 2007-2008
Central
Districts
Number of Number of
courses I. courses II.
Phase
Phase
Total
number of
courses
Number of Trainees
in I. Phase
Number of Trainees
in II. Phase
M
F
M
F
Total
Number of I.
Number of II.
Phase Trainees Phase Trainees
completing the completing the
course
course
M
F
M
F
TOPLAM
Gemlik
2
2
4
21
31
29
13
94
17
22
17
12
68
Gürsu
-
2
2
-
-
8
12
20
8
12
-
-
20
Kestel
2
3
5
1
51
6
50
108
1
47
6
47
101
Mudanya
3
3
6
3
28
8
20
59
3
28
8
20
59
Nilüfer
8
5
13
73
52
46
38
209
64
49
44
38
195
Osmangazi
36
10
46
92
616
103
128
939
36
478
96
118
728
TOTAL
51
25
76
190
778
200
261
1429
129
636
171
235
1171
-
-
1074
-
-
-
-
-
Yıldırım
65
233
841
Reference: İGEP Supply, Demand and Needs Assessments Report
As far as the number of literacy courses opened concerned it is seen that the courses concentrate in Yıldırım (65) and Osmangazi (46) Districts. Similarly,
maximum participation to I and II. Phase courses was realized in Yıldırım and Osmangazi Districts. While mainly women attended I. Phase courses and there
is a much balanced distribution between men and women in the II. Phase courses. It is seen that a total of 1429 persons attended the courses which consisted of 73% by women and 27% by men. This is an expectable outcome when the fact that the rate of illiteracy is higher in women population than that of
men population. Moreover, 82% of the attended in other words 84% of women and 77% of men completed the courses. When compared to other courses, it is
observed that the rate of completion of the courses for women is only higher than that of men in literacy courses.
4.1.1. Metropolitan Municipality Free Vocational Courses
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa renders Vocational Course Services for our citizens residing within its jurisdiction particularly for groups under risk (disabled, women, unemployed etc) to give them knowledge, skills and qualities and to contribute their domestic economies.
054
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Artistic and Vocational Courses (BUSMEK)
is an adult organization acting under the heading of common-public education
supplementary to formal education.
BUSMEK; launched forth its journey in education with objectives to give Bursa
citizens skills in arts, to provide their vocational and social development, to
equip them with contemporary information and to enliven the traditional arts
that faded into oblivion and to enable their adaptation to social life. The headlines of the general educations provided in BUSMEK can be listed as Vocational
and Technical Educations, Handicrafts, Music Education, Fashion Design, Turkish Islamic Arts, Health and Sports, Special Educations, Visual Arts and Computer Training and Language Trainings.
Anyone who have completed elementary education age can be enrolled to
BUSMEK which shall continue to operate under supervision of Metropolitan
Municipality of Bursa without any upper age limits.
BUSMEK 2009-2010 Academic Year
23.795 persons applied to Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Artistic and
Vocational Courses in 2009-2010 Academic Year.
Besides the educations provided in 12 course centers and Fomara Sports
Center, there are also courses opened in the Nursing Home and H Type Punishment and Execution Establishment.
In BUSMEK 2009-2010 Academic Year 8275 trainees received education in
71 classes with 233 groups in 74 branches.
5328 persons were entitled to receive certificates during the educations
given in 2009-2010 Academic Year.
In 2009-2010 academic year, 6 seminars intended for teaching staff in the
BUSMEK organizational structure and our trainees.
055
Table 4.3. Statistical Data Concerning BUSMEK 2009-2010 Academic Year
Course Center
District
Course Center Name
2009-2010
2009-2010
Nr. Of preregistrations Nr of classes
opened
2009-2010
Nr of branches
opened
2009-2010
Number of groups
opened
2009-2010 Number of trainees
starting education
2009-2010
Nr of Trainees receiving certificate
OSMANGAZİ
ALACAHIRKA-PRISON
1869
6
14
30
963
670
OSMANGAZİ
HÜRRİYET
1418
5
15
17
384
288
OSMANGAZİ
MERİNOS-GLASS WORKSHOP
9929
16
36
104
272
1748
OSMANGAZİ
BAŞARAN
704
3
8
8
317
225
OSMANGAZİ
SPORTS CENTER
1355
1
3
14
539
0
OSMANGAZİ (TOTAL)
15275
31
173
4932
2931
YILDIRIM
HOCATAŞKIN
1123
4
9
27
554
459
YILDIRIM
VATAN-NURSING HOME
448
5
3
6
212
143
1571
9
33
766
602
YILDIRIM (TOTAL)
NİLÜFER
ATAEVLER VADİKENT
1103
4
8
20
498
376
NİLÜFER
BEŞEVLER
1278
5
8
21
548
328
2381
9
41
1046
704
NİLÜFER (TOTAL)
KESTEL
KESTEL
926
4
7
9
156
108
GÜRSU
GÜRSU
634
5
6
15
306
163
MUDANYA
MUDANYA
1243
6
9
32
398
481
GEMLİK
GEMLİK
1765
6
9
24
671
339
23795
71
74
327
8275
5328
GRAND TOTAL
Reference: Social Services Department
Economy, Employment and Distribution of Income
4.2.1 Employment
According to Turkish Statistical Institution data, the employment is concentrated in industry sector in TR41 Region which includes Bursa, Eskişehir and Bilecik. TR41 region has the highest rate of employment in Industry Sector with a rate of 42,16%. Industry sector ranks in number one for female employment
with a rate of 35,1% and for male employment with a rate of 45,1% .
056
Graphic 4.1: İBBS, Distribution of employment according to 2. Level and education
Reference: Tuik data
Kaynak : TÜİK
Table 4.2. İBBS, Sectoral distribution of employment according to 2. Level and
economical activities / Reference: Tuik
Reference : TÜİK
057
Graphic 4.3: Employment in Bursa according
to economical activities (1970-2000)
Reference: TUİK
Services
Construction
Industry
Agriculture, Livestock
and Forestry
A study concerning to what extent the migration
driven by the industrialization movement has attained the employment opportunities which it seeked in Bursa has not been met. However, it is out of
question that Bursa has a nation wide high position
in terms of manufacturing industry and provided a
significant employment capacity. The agricultural
sector lost its significance in the city starting from
1950’s. While its share in employment was 63% in
1970, this rate fell down to 34% by 2000. This level
is still above the EU average. However, as far as the
fertile lands of Bursa is concerned, it seems impossible for the short-mid term to lower the employment in the sector to EU level (3-4%).
According to the “Socio-economic Development Performance of Cities” compilation of State Planning Institution (DPT) published in 2003 which
included the data for 2000, Bursa
Ranks second following İstanbul by providing 28% of industry sector employment
Ranks fourth after İstanbul, İzmir, Kocaeli with its 7% share in the added value of manufacturing sector
Ranks seventh in the country with its 12% share in the commerce sub sector total employment.
Ranks fourth in the country with its 3,5% share of the businessmen in the total employment
Ranks fourth in the country with its 14% share of the paid women in the total employment.
Ranks fourth following İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir with 500.000 insured persons paying premium to social security institutions.
Table 4.4. Bursa Insurance Registries - 2007
Insured
Persons with monthly income
Total with dependents
Rate to General Population % Active/Passive
SSK
481.083
223.592
1.533.425
62,9
2,2
Bağkur
121.267
66.879
505.465
20,7
1,8
Retirement Fund
58.435
79.066
284.678
11,7
0,7
TOTAL
660.785
369.537
2.323.568
95,2
1,8
058
Informal employment which is one of the greatest impediments before a sustainable social security system also blocks the unemployment problem. Consequently, various sanctions shall be exercised for the duly execution of the insurance registries. Efforts shall be made to increase women employment.
Required amounts of funds shall be allocated for secondary education and vocational education so that investments aimed for future may be realized.
4.2.2 Distribution of Income and Expenses
There are various approaches for the definition of poverty. Economical definitions generally take income or consumption as a base and take also social
indicators such as life expectancy, infant death rates, nutrition, share of food in household budget, literacy and schooling rate, access to health services
into consideration. Depending on how the poverty threshold is specified, two definitions ” absolute poverty “ and “ relative poverty” are widely acclaimed.
The measurements made according to the income required for the procurement of basic needs to survive are named as “absolute poverty “ and assuming
a certain level of the average income in the society as a threshold is named as “relative poverty”. François Bourguignon, the head economist of World Bank
between 2003-2007 who assumed relative poverty as the equivalent of social deprivation or relative deprivation is in the opinion that economical growth oriented policies shall be at the forefront at the (under developed) countries where a remarkable portion of the population is in the borders of absolute poverty
whereas policies intended to restore income distribution shall be prominent at the (developing) countries where relative poverty is dominant. (Bourguignon
1999) Fights against poverty brought also forward the debates that it will not be sufficient for the solution of the problem when only the definition of poverty
is focused on. At this point, measurement of “depth”, “density” and “duration” of poverty is an obligation for the establishment of preferences among the
methods of intervention and fight. (World Bank 1997) According to the report of Turkish Statistical Institution based on its studies performed in 2008, while
average annual disposable income per household in Turkey was 19.328 TL average annual equivalent household disposable income was 8.372 TL. İstanbul
region is the region with highest average annual equivalent household disposable income with 11.881 TL. This is followed by East Marmara Region including
Bursa with 9.852 TL average income. The region with minimum average is Southeast Anatolia Region with 4193 TL.
In the study with following data conducted by Turkish Statistical Institution in 2008, it is seen that there is a reduction in the number of poor’s in TR4 East
Marmara Region involving Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecek, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu and Yalova compared to previous years.
Table 4.5. Number of poor’s and rate of poverty per region according to relative poverty limit (calculated for Turkey) based on income
TR4 East Marmara
Poverty Threshold (TL)
Number of Poors (Thousand)
%
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
Poverty Risk %50-
2 351
3 013
3 146
370
340
310
3,0
3,2
2,8
Poverty Risk %60-
2 822
3 616
3 775
722
648
568
4,3
4,2
3,5
Reference: TÜİK, 2007 and 2008 Income and Life Conditions Research
4.2.3 Economy
Bursa is a city prominent with its character of being a textile center. Approximately 60.000 persons are employed in around 8.000 establishments which
are active in textile sector. 8 of the 11 synthetic yarn plants established in Turkey are situated in Bursa. Again, as far as synthetic yarn manufacturing is concerned Bursa occupies 75% of the total capacity of the country. Besides weaving also agriculture is a remarkable economical value. Also olive growing is an
activity which maintains importance still today. However even this production is maintained with small volume, peaches and chestnuts grown in Bursa are
among the tastes known by the whole country. However, gradually agriculture loses its economical importance while Bursa is on its way to gain a industrial
city identity. Another branch of industry in Bursa which is as much important as textile is the automotive industry. Two automobile giants at the city center
Tofaş-Fiat and Oyak Renault are the main reason for also the development of automobile side industry. We can say that automotive sector is vital for Bursa.
059
5. CULTURE AND TOURISM
5.1 History of Bursa
In Bursa mainly historical artifacts of the foundation period of the Ottoman
State take place and this is because Bursa was the first capital of the Ottoman
State. Bursa is a historical treasure with its every piece. It also embodies an
exceptional cultural and historical heritage with the spatial and architectural
characteristics of Byzantium, Ottoman and the Republic Era. Bursa which is
the only city the name of which is mentioned with green and a city worth to
see with its mosques, castles, lakes, churches, parks, tombs, khans, bridges,
hot springs and many others and it bears the importance of being a bridge
between the Asian and European civilizations.
Symbols of Bursa
Bursa, besides its historical character, has a rich cousine culture lasting for
many years. Bursa cousine created by this culture is well known with many
meals and desserts which it gave away to Turkish cousine. İskender Kebaph,
İnegöl Maetballs, Kemalpaşa Dessert, pideli kebap (kebaph with pitta), cevizli lokum, tahinli pide (pitta with tahini), hosmerim and candied chestnut are
leading the tastes which are remembered with Bursa. Furthermore, Bursa is
a city which is prominent with redbuds, Karagöz shadow plays, silk industry,
silk and peaches. Bursa, besides the meal symbols, also benefits the privilege
of being situated at the skirts of Uludağ which is one of the places one may
remember when winter sports is mentioned.
Uludağ
Geological structure of Uludağ which was formed by the emerging and solidification of the magma coming from depths of the earth through breaks and
cracks is generally formed by extrusive granite rocks. Todays’ form of the mountain is due to impacts of the tectonic movements and different erosions.
Uludağ with its elevation of 2.543 mt from Bursa plain is the highest point in
the Marmara Region. Aras Waterfall and the traces of glaciers are interesting
characteristics of the goemorphological structure of Uludağ. The first telfer in
Turkey is the telfer operating between the Bursa city center and Uludağ National Park which has become one of the symbols of Bursa.
Uludağ is covered with snow between December to May and the thickness of
snow up to 3,95 mt makes it so convenient for skiing and Uludağ is one of the
most important winter sports center with its high quality snow.
060
5.3 Museums and Ruins
Museum of Archaeology
In the museum where works of arts of
Bythnyia and Mysia regions are exhibited also there are some works of art
belonging to the period from 3000 BC
till late Byzantium Era. The terra-cotta
cases, coins, stone works of art and
glass works of art are exhibited together in four saloons.
Turkish - Islamic Arts Museum
(Green Madrasah)
The Green Madrasah located at the city
center is also known as Sultaniye Madrasah. The madrasah in which many
known scholars were raised was built
by Architect Hacı İvaz Pasha between
1414-1424 together with the Green
Social Complex. In the building which
today used as a museum, mines,
ceramic wooden, engravings, guns,
manuscripts, Islamic coins, Islamic
epigraphs and headstones and ethnographic materials from the 12th century
till 20th century are being exhibited. Tiling decorations of the complex is less
than that of the mosque and the tomb.
Atatürk Museum
This building where Atatürk accommodated during his various visits to Bursa
was presented to him and Atatürk bestowed the building to the Municipality
of Bursa in 1938. The building was
converted into a museum and on 29th
October 1973, on the 50th anniversary
of the Republic, it was opened for visits.
The two-floor building which was built
entirely of wooden materials at the turn
of 19th century is one of the most attractive civil architecture examples of
the era and the wooden structure and
internal design was preserved similarly.
Ottoman House Museum
The wooden house in Muradiye Street
just opposite the Murad II. Social Complex
bears the traces of 17th century in terms
of plan and ornaments and is one of the
oldest and most beautiful houses in Bursa which is still remain standing. It was
opened to visits under the name “Ottoman House Museum” as being a sample
of an ancient Bursa house.
Mudanya Armistice House Museum
The wooden building where the TBMM Government signed the armistice treaty on
11th September 1922 belongs to early
19th century period. The building which
was renovated afterwards was opened as
a museum monitored by the municipality
in 1937 and then became a museum monitored by the Ministry of Culture in 1959.
İznik Museum
It was built as a hospice in remembrance of Nilüfer Hatun, the mother of Sultan
Murad I. in 1388 and opened to visit as
a museum in 1960. It is one of the most
beautiful examples of 14th century Ottoman Architecture. In the museum various
works of arts from the prehistorically era
till Ottoman period collected around İznik
are exhibited.
İznik Ayasofya Museum
The church at the town center of İznik
which was built on 4th century was restored in 11th century after the earthquake
and was transformed into a mosque by
Orhan Gazi in 1331. Today it is open to
visits as a monument-museum. The 7th
Ecumenic (spiritual) consul which is significant for the Christians was held here.
There are some freaks of the Byzantium
period and at the floor there are mosaics
consisting of geometrical patterns. Altar,
minaret, inscriptions on the walls and the
restoration of the arch inside which indicate the transformation of the church into
a museum are considerably notable.
061
İznik Tile Furnaces
Green Tomb
This is the area where ancient tile furnaces stand. Excavations still continue.
It was built by the order of Çelebi Sultan
Mehmet, son of Yıldırım Bayezid, in 1421.
The building which then became a symbol
of Bursa is located at a place which enables to be seen from all points of the city.
There are 8 sarcophaguses in the tomb
belonging to Çelebi Sultan Mehmed and
his sons Şehzade Mustafa, Mahmut and
Yusuf and his daughters Selçuk Hatun,
Sitti Hatun Ayşe Hatun and her nursemaid Daya Hatun.
İznik Roman Theatre
It is located at the southwest of İznik.
Ut is also named as Eski Saray (Old
Palace) and was built in there Roman
period. There are long cradle vaulted
galleries. Excavations still continue.
Mosques and Tombs
Ulu Camii
This is the most majestic mosque
which is able receive the highest number of community inside. It was built by
the order of Sultan Yıldırım Bayezid between1398-1400. All the front facades
are made of cut stones. Ulucami is one
of the oldest mosques of the Turkish
Islamic society. Over the entry door of
the minaret the statement “This is built
by Yıldırım Bayezid Khan on 804 (Gregorian Calendar 1402) “ is inscribed in
Ottoman Turkish with gilt.
Emir Sultan Mosque and Tomb
Emir Sultan Mosque was built by the
order of Hundi Fatma Hatun, daughter
of Yıldırım Bayezid, to the name of her
husband Emir Sultan possible during
the reign of Çelebi Sultan Mehmed
(1366-1429). It is located at the east of
Bursa next to the Emir Sultan graveyard
among the cypress and plane trees.
062
Osmangazi Tomb
During the siege of Bursa, Osman Gazi
showed his son Orhan Gazi the domed
building in the city and bequeathed to be
buried there. This domed building which
today is at the entry of Tophane Park belongs to Mesihi’s chapel. After the conquest of Bursa, the chapel was converted
into a mosque and Osman Gazi was buried there.
Orhangazi Tomb
It is at the entry of Tophane Park. The
tomb has a square design where there
are 3 windows on each facades.
5.5. Khans
Koza Khan
It was built by the order of Bayezid II in
1492 to create income for the mosques
and madrasahs in İstanbul. There are 95
rooms being 50 at the upper floor and 45
at the bottom floor. The portal at the north
made of a large stone with embossed decorations has a magnificent view. Today
it is the center for the famous Bursa silk
trading.
Pirinç Khan
Irgandı Bridge
Pirinç Khan was built by the order of
Sultan Bayezid II in 1508 in order to
generate income for his foundations
in İstanbul. There are 38 rooms at the
bottom floor and 48 at the upper floor.
The signs of hex decagonal fountain in
the original court are still visible today.
Irgandı Bridge is bridge in Bursa where the craftsmen performed traditional
handicraft works. It was built in 1442.
There are three other bridges similar to
Irgandı Bridge in the world. Those are
Osman Bridge in Lovech Bulgaria, Ponte Vecchi Bridge in Florence Italy and
Rialto Bridge in Venice Italy.
Geyve Khan
It was built in the XVth century by Hacı
İvaz Pasha to generate income for the
Green Mosque and was given to Çelebi
Mehmed as a present. Khan is at the
Demirkapı Bazaar in Bursa. It was also
called Lonca Khan in the past. The twofloor khan has 26 rooms at downstairs
and 30 rooms at upstairs.
5.6 Castles and Bridges
Bursa Castle
İnkaya Plane Tree
Inkaya Plane tree is a natural wonder
which is known as the oldest plane
tree in Turkey. It is also most renowned
among the monumental trees in Bursa.
It is on the way to Uludağ at Inkaya Village which is one of the first villages of
Ottoman State. Its height is 35 mts and
the diameter is 9,2 mts. The tree which
is 600 years old has branches which
are as large as a tree with a thickness
of 3-4 mts.
The construction of the castle started
during the Bithinian Era, then was restored by the Romans, Byzantium’s and
in the Ottoman Empire period various
times as and when required. A majority
of the cyclopean blocks on the castle
walls are the coloumns, sarcophagus
pieces, graveyard steles, statue bases
and honorary epigraphs of the Roman
Era. Castle walls of Bursa which was
captured from Byzantium in 1326 were
reinforced with three corner bastions.
Abdal Bridge
Abdal Bridge is a historical bridge built
over the Nilüfer River connecting Acemler and Hürriyet Streets together and
also known as Acemler Bridge. The bridge was built by a trader named Abdal
Çelebi in 1669. The mid part is slightly
over road level and has lancet arches.
063
5.7 Museums
Table 5.1 Museums according to Statistical Region Classification, 2008
Bursa
Total
Archaeology and History
Ethnography and Anthropology
General
8
3
4
1
Reference:TUİK,2008
5.8 Cinemas and Theatres
Theatre is one of the most significant braches of art which personalises and develops identities of human beings. In 2008 the number of State Theatres in
Bursa is only 1.
Table 5.2. The number libraries, number of books received by and taken from the library and the number of books at year-end according to
Statistical Region Units Classification, 2008.
Number of seats
Number of films shown
Number of audiences
Number of cinema halls
Turkey A
Turkey B
Turkey C
Bursa A
Bursa B
Bursa C
1.514
1.037
477
55
30
25
064
212.155
145.628
66.527
9.485
5.681
3.804
Total
21.003
20.375
11.628
1.125
535
590
Domestic Filmes
9.455
6.095
3.360
380
185
195
Foreign Films
22.548
14.280
8.268
745
350
395
Total
31.132.231
23.409.186
7.723.046
1.325.103
822.368
502.735
Domestic Filmes
16.166.153
11.776.345
4.389.808
792.482
518.984
273.495
Foreign Films
14.966.078
11.632.841
3.333.237
532.621
303.381
229.240
Table 5.3. The number of theatre halls, seats, plays performed, shows and audiences according to Statistical Region Units Classification.
Number of theatre
halls
Number of
seats
Number of plays performed
Total
Copyright
Number of shows
Translation
Total
Copyright
Translation
Number of audiences
Total
Copyright
Translation
Turkey
204
70.924
2.122
1.818
304
14.410
13.177
4.233
3.380.214
2.466.373
913.841
Bursa
1
342
10
5
5
299
141
158
61.219
33.422
27.797
5.9 Libraries
There are 20 public libraries in Bursa. The number of works received by those 20 libraries in 2008 is 324.076. Taking into consideration that Bursa is the
fourth largest city in Turkey, it is evident that the number of books available are insufficient when compared to Turkey in general.
Table 5.4. The number libraries, number of books received by and taken from the library and the number of books at year-end according to
Statistical Region Units Classification, 2008
Number of libraries
Turkey
Bursa
Total
1.156
20
Purchased
791.955
16.131
Transfer from other
libraries
628.277
9.979
Donation
123.655
5.989
Withdrawn
306.884
3.609
Transfer other libraries 2008 Year End Number
of Titles
67.213
13.662.483
324.076
Kaynak: TUİK,2008
065
5.10. Culture and Artistic Activities
The following cultural activities which are included in the main objectives of Bursa Metropolitan Municipality were performed in 2009
International Bursa Festival (12th June -05th July 2009)
23.rd International Altın Karagöz Folk Dances Contest (7th- 12th July 2009)
Ramadan and Sufism Days (21th August – 11th September 2009)
14th. International Youth and Children Theatre Festival (19th-24th October 2009)
4th. International Bursa Silk road Film Festival (14th-22nd November 2009)
13th. International Bursa Dummy and Karagöz festival (7-12 Aralık 2009)
Literature Days (18th-19th December 2009)
Mollafenari Symposium (4th-6th December 2009)
5.11. Tourism
The first thing that comes into ones mind in Bursa as a new business field is tourism. The historical and natural values of the region are capable of being a basis for a large scale tourism activity. Bursa has all the values required for winter and summer, religious tourism, health and natural tourism. So if the planning
and application programme which was implemented in 1970’s for Antalya region aimed to improve tourism is applied similarly covering the whole region
however focused on Bursa city, this will enable tourism to become a sector which will create the second highest number of employment after industry. It is
crucial that tourism development planning is implemented taking the protection of historical and natural values, social and environmental effects and financial requirements during the implementation stage into consideration.
066
Table 5.5. Capacity Breakdown of Operating and Investment Facilities in Bursa ( 07 / 2010 )
ACCOMMODATION
FACILITIES
CENTER
8 FACILITIES
DISTRICTS
2 FACILITIES
ULUDAĞ
3 FACILITIES
TOTAL
13 FACILITIES
972 ROOMS
1979 BEDS
46 ROOMS
90 BEDS
359 ROOM
754 BEDEK
1377 ROOMS
2823 BEDS
WITH OPERATION CERTIFICATE
CENTER
27 FACILITIES
DISTRICTS
16 FACILITIES
ULUDAĞ
13 FACILITIES
TOTAL
56 FACILITIES
1886 ROOMS
3859 BEDS
578 ROOMS
1196 BEDS
1189 ROOMS
2540 BED
3653 ROOMS
7595 BEDS
Reference: Governorship of Bursa Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism
Table 5.6. The number foreigners having entered or exit according to the city which monitors the port of entry and exit and to
transportation mode.
Bursa
Center
Gemlik
Mudanya
A
Transportation Mode 3.658
Air way
3.312
Sea
343
Sea
3
2005
B
3.341
3.026
314
1
A
3.847
3.519
304
24
2006
B
4.891
4.570
304
17
A
2.105
1.718
361
26
2007
B
2.512
2.093
385
34
Reference: TUİK / A. Foreiners entered B.Foreigners exit
Table 5.7. Citizens going abroad according to age groups and gender in Bursa 2009 (Resident in Bursa)
General Total
371.492
Bursa
M
241.160
Total
F
130.332
A
17.341
Age Group and Gender / 15-24
B
10.098
Table 5.8. Number of overnight stays of the foreign visitors according to the city accommodated and type of accommodation
Bursa
Total
3.747.113
Hotel
576.389
Type of Accommodation
Motel
28.965
Holiday Village
6.333
Pensions
9.710
Camp/Caravan
1.830
067
6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
6.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
Bursa East and West Waste Water Treatment Facilities – Hamitler Leachate Treatment Facility
Bursa East Waste Water Treatment Facility was projected to operate in two stages being the first stage to be capable of 240.000 m3/day in 2020 and and in
second stage 320.000 m3/day in 2030. Bursa West Waste Water Treatment Facility was projected to operate in two stages being the first stage to be capable
of 87.500 m3/day in 2020 and and in second stage 175.000 m3/day in 2030. In those facilities where advanced biological treatment processes are implemented, also nitrogen and phosphorous removal can be done. Both facilities were completed and commissioned in April 2006.
Hamitler Leach ate Treatment Facility will be implemented in two phases. The facility was projected to be capable of treatment of filtrate water in two phases
first in 2020 with a capacity of 500 m3/day and in 2030 with a capacity of 1.000 m3/day. The first phase was completed in 2004 and is operating.
Table 6.1 East and West Waste Water Treatment Facilities Raw Waste Water Flow rates and Pollution Loads
Parameter
Average Project Flow Rate (Dry Air)
Dry Air Peak Flow Rate
Raw Weather Peak Flow rate
BOİ5
AKM
Ammonia (as N)
Phosphorus (as P)
Reference: BUSKİ data
068
Unit
m3 /day
m3 / day
m3 / day
kg/ day
kg/ day
kg/ day
kg/ day
East Waste Water Treatment Facility (DAAT)
1.Phase
240,000
351,200
597,500
64,000
64,000
10,800
2,640
West Waste Water Treatment Facility (BAAT)
Parameter
Unit
2.Phase
320,000
468,300
796,600
85,300
85,300
14,400
3,520
Average Project Flow Rate (Dry Air)
Dry Air Peak Flow Rate
Raw Weather Peak Flow rate
BOİ5
AKM
Ammonia (as N)
Phosphorus (as P)
m3 / day
m3 / day
m3 / day
kg/ day
kg/ day
kg/ day
kg/ day
Table 6.2 East and West Waste Water treatment Facility Refined Exit Water Characteristics
Parameter
Concentration ( mg/lt)
Min. Removal Efficiency (%)
Biochemical Oxygen Need (BOI5)
25*
70-90*
Chemical Oxygen Need (KOİ)
125*
75*
Total suspended solid matter
35*
90*
Total Nitrogen (N)
10*
-
Total Phosphorus (as P)
3
-
Reference: BUSKİ data / * Directive 91/271/EEC dated 21.05.1991 of European Union Council
Bursa Hamitler Leach ate Treatment Facility is aimed to refine the leachates originating from Hamitler Solid Waste Regular Storage Area with high pollution
load and to prevent the leach ate to contaminate the soil, under ground and ground water sources. For this purpose, it is aimed to keep the monthly exit water
average Chemical Oxygen Need value below 3000 mg/l and highest consecutive 3 days exit water average Chemical Oxygen Need value below 3200 mg/l for
the raw filtrates received at Hamitler Leach ate Treatment Facility and for which raw leach ate characteristics are given in Table 6,3.
Table 6.3: Hamitler Leachate Treatment Facility Raw Leach ate Pollution Concentrations
Parameter
Concentration (mg/lt)
BOI5
15,000
KOİ
30,000
AKM
1,500
Reference: BUSKİ data
6.2 Drinking Water Sources
6.2.1. Doğancı Dam (% 82)
It is constructed over Nilüfer River 3 kms away from Doğancı Village at the source.
• Reservoir Capacity: 43 million m3
• Active capacity: 25 million m3
• Annual water reception capacity: 115 million m3
6.2.2. Fountain sources (% 12)
Fountains in Bursa originate from Uludağ and its foothills. There are 145 fountains. It is
possible to generate 15 million m3/year water from fountain sources.
6.2.3. Underground Water (%12)
During July to November when there is less rain and the water level of Doğancı Dam falls drastically due to depletion of snow reserves in Uludağ, underground
water sources are activated. There are a total of 42 water-wells being 16 at Acemler, 10 at Arabayatağı, 15 at hacıvat and 1 local.
069
Table 6.4. Active Deep Drinking Water Wells Summary Table
ACTIVE DEEP DRINKING WATER WELLS SUMMARY TABLE
Well group
Number of wells
Total productivity (m3/h)
Total Productivity (m3/gün)
Acemler
16
1.782
42.768
Arabayatağı
10
1.080
25.920
Hacivat
15
1.368
32.832
Local wells
1
29
696
TOTAL
42
4.259
102.216
Reference: 2009 BUSKİ data
070
Table 6.5. Local Water Wells
WATER QUALITY REPORT
LABORATORY: BUSKİ,TÜBİTAK, FOOD CONTROL LABORATORIES
LIMIT VALUE
PARAMETERS
ph
COLOUR
TURBIDITY
TOTAL HARDNESS
TOTAL IRON
TOTAL MANGANE
CHLORIDE
SUPLHATE
NITRATE
NITRITE
AMONIUM
CONDUCTIBILITY
ORGANIC SUBSTANCE
SODIUM
ALLUMINIUM
FLUORIDE
FREE CHLORIDE
BORON
TOTAL CYANIDE
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
COPPER
MERCURY
CADMIUM
CHROME
LEAD
NICKEL
SELENIUM
COLIFORM BACTERIA
SMELL
TASTE
UNIT
mg/l
ntu
Fr0
mgFe/l
mg/l
mgCl/l
mgSO4/l
mgNO3/l
mgNO2/l
mgNH4/l
µs/cm
mgO2/l
mgNa/l
mgAl/l
mgF/l
mg/l
mgB/l
µgCN/l
µgSb/l
µgAs/l
µgCu/l
µgHg/l
µgCd/l
µgCr/l
µgPb/l
µgNi/l
µgSe/l
100ML/ADET
-
APRIL 2005 TS-266
6.5-9.5
20
5
0,2
0,05
250
250
50
0,5
0,5
2500
5
200
0,2
1,5
0,5
1
50
5
10
2000
1
5
50
10
20
10
0
-
FEBRUARY 2005
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
6,5-9,5
1
0,2
0,05
250
250
50
0,5
0,5
2500
5
200
0,2
1,5
0,5
1
50
5
10
2000
1
5
50
25/10
20
10
0
-
2009
7,51
0
0,17
15,5
0,02
0,013
3,1
27
0,8
0.000
0,00
318
2,37
6,15
0,048
0,10
0,5
< 0,1
< 0,01
<5
1,35
<5
<1
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
0
Proper
Proper
Reference: BUSKİ Drinking Water Treatment Facility / * Facility Exit Value.
071
6.2.4. Bursa Drinking Water Projection for 2040
2005
S.SAYGI
110 million m3/year
ULUDAĞ
15 million m3/ year
YAS
20 million m3/ year
TOTAL
145 million m3/ year
UNTIL 2014
S.SAYGI + NİLÜFER
ULUDAĞ
15 million m3/ year
YAS
25 million m3/ year
TOTAL
UNTIL 2022
S.SAYGI + NİL + GÖLBAŞI
ULUDAĞ
15 million m3/ year
YAS
20 million m3/ year
TOPLAM
UNTIL 2040
S.SAYGI + NİL + GÖLBAŞI
ULUDAĞ
15 million m3/ year
ÇINARCIK
TOPLAM
072
6.3. Solid Waste Management
6.2.1.6.2.1. Citywide Disposal of Solid Wastes and Construction of Solid Waste Storage
Facilities
In our city 1810 tons/day solid wastes are
generated by the settlement areas and enterprises are collected by Osmangazi, Yıldırım, Nilüfer, Mudanya, Gürsu, Kestel and Zeytinbağı Municipalities and brought to regular
storage area at Geçit.
City Solid Waste Storage Area is 156,18 ha
and 83,09 of this area is allocated for dumping. In the area which consists of 4 side
valleys (X,Y,Z,T) and a main valley according
to its final project, constructions are done in
stages according to the requirement.
Constructions at Phase I constituting 40 ha
of the area (entire of X and T valleys) Phase II (a part of main valley) and Phase III (a
part of main valley) were completed but the
construction for the remaining parts are not
realized yet. Waste storage processes are
completed in the valleys taking place in Phase I and continue in the main valley since
October 2000 for which Phase II and III are
completed.
Domestic wastes, medical wastes and unharmful solid industrial wastes are accepted
in a controlled manner and those wastes are
laid and compressed on a surface where impermeability is ensured and then disposed
by covering earth. The cost of wastes accepted to the storage area except domestic wastes are collected on daily or monthly basis
after being weighed in line with the income
tariff. In 2009, 661.320,90 tons of wastes
are stored and waste disposal cost with an
amount of 1.881.560 TL was collected from
the accepted industrial wastes. The waste
storage area is operated by a contractor as a
result of a tender.
Graphic 6.1. Amount of wastes stored between 1995-2009
Reference: 2009 Environmental Protection Branch Directorate data
073
6.2.3. Sterilization of the medical wastes at the sterilization facility after being collected from the medical establishments under a certain programme with medical
waste vehicles by virtue of Medical Waste Control Regulation.
Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization facility is constructed in the City Solid Waste Storage Area monitored by the Metropolitan Municipality on a 2000 m2 area and started operation on 26.07.2008.
Medical wastes produced by the medial establishments in Bursa are collected with
containers separate form its source with licenced vehicles by virtue of Medical Waste Control Regulation yat came into effect after being published in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2005 with nr: 25883 and brought to the Sterilization Facility. The
wastes are sterilized under high temperature and pressure at the facility and the
operations are electronically recorded and all parameter are monitored. Sterilized
wastes are stored at the City Solid Waste Storage Area. A total of 2.486,77 tons of
wastes were collected from medical establishments and disposed in 2009.
Graphic 6.2. medical waste amounts between 1996-2000
Reference : 2009 Environmental Protection Branch Directorate data
074
Special Waste Management
6.3.1. Erection and monitoring of disposal areas
Within the scope of “Excavation Earth, Construction and Debris Wastes
Control Regulation” that came into effect upon publication in the Official
Gazette dated 18th March 2004 with nr: 25406, disposal areas are constructed and licenced. As of the end of December 2009 43 Excavation Earth,
Construction and Debris Wastes Storage Area were licenced in the city. The
number of areas licenced in 2009 is 5. These licenced areas are regularly
audited.
6.3.2. Collection and Storage of Waste Battaries
Our efforts to collect the batteries separately continue within the frame
of provisions of Waste Batary and Accumulators Control Regulation issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry dated 31.08.2004 with nr:
25569. A protocol was executed with Battery Importers Association which
is the authorized establishment by the Ministry and battery containers,
cardboard boxes, banners and brochures supplied by the association
were distributed to street headmen, schools, shopping centers, hospitals,
work places, sites etc. in the 7 central districts Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım,
Gemlik, Gürsu, Kestel and Mudanya) In 2009, a total of 3.550 kgs waste
batteries were delivered to the association.
Environment and Forestry. Within the scope of the regulation which was
revised in 2008, waste motor oils produced by the workshops of the Metropolitan Municipality are again started to be given to PETDER.
6.3.4. Studies on Waste Vegetable Oil Control Management
Trainings were given at the pilot schools and collecting containers were given for the separate collection of vegetable wastes from other wastes and
to prevent environmental damages within the scope of Waste Vegetable Oil
Control Regulation dated 19.04.2005 with number: 25791 issued by the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Restaurants, industrial cousines,
hotels, motels, catering services and refectories which produce vegetable
wastes that have applied to our Municipality were directed to licenced collecting and recovery companies.
6.3.5. STUDIES ON EXPIRED TIRES CONTROL MANAGEMENT
It is prohibited to directly or indirectly to give the expired tires of vehicles
which are non-utilizable into the receiving environment and waste storage
areas in a manner which would damage the environment within the scope
of the provisions of Expired Tires Control regulation issued by the Ministry
of Environment and Forestry dated 25.11.2006 with nr: 26357.
Studies were made to establish a system for the Expired Tires collection
transportation system in Bursa with the Ministry and Tire Industrialists Association and 21 tons of expired tires produced by our municipality were
given to the licenced companies. All the waste tire producers including
public establishments and organizations were caused to contact with the
licenced companies.
6.3.3. Studies on Waste Oil Control Management
Coordination studies were conducted by our municipality in order to establish a system for the collection, transportation, recovery and removal
of the waste motor oils within the scope of provisions of Waste Oil Control Regulation issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry dated
30.07.2008 with nr: 26952. Waste motor oils which bear the risk to create
environmental pollution and collected by PETDER are evaluated by making of use of their energy by the enterprises licenced by the Ministry of
075
6.3.6. Studies on Packaging Wastes Control Management
Separate collection and evaluation of packaging waste which became a legal obligation by virtue of the Packaging Wastes Control Regulation that came into
effect with the Official Gazette dated 30.07.2004 with nr: 25538 and also which started with voluntary practices in our city for the fist time, continue to be
done within the jurisdiction of our metropolitan municipality since 1995. With the given regulation the Metropolitan Municipalities were given the authority
to coordinate and the District and First Stage Municipalities were given the authority to grant temporary working permits and to prepare a packaging wastes
management plan by working together with the licenced collection and classification facilities. In line with this, glass, paper – cardboard, metal and plastic
etc packaging wastes and being collected by the licenced companies which have agreements with the relevant municipalities from the houses, work places,
business organisations, pubic establishments and organizations. You can have access to the list of packaging waste classification facilities which were
licenced or granted temporary operation certificate by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry through website www.atikyonetimi.cevreorman.gov.tr and
also the number of facilities are given in the below table.
Table 6.6. Number of facilities which have temporary working permit or licenced by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Bursa
LICENCED FACILITIES
BURSA
WITHIN BORDERS OF METROPOLITAN MUN.
Recovery Facility
12
10
Collection Classification Facility
16
12
Reference:2009 Environmental Protection Branch Directorate data
6.4.7. STUDIES ON HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
The establishments bear the responsibility of disposal of production wastes generated by their plants. Waste producers which bring wastes to
our storage area are required to provide waste analysis reports from accredited laboratories by virtue of the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation
and accordingly wastes which are hazardous are not accepted in the City Solid Waste Storage Area and the producers of the waste are required
to dispose of the waste in accordance with the respective regulation. The wastes which are not hazardous are accepted to the City Solid Waste
Storage Area in consideration of a fee charged in accordance with the income tariff. Wastes that are accepted into our Storage Area are checked
and monitored by our laboratory.
6.4. CONTROLS AND AUDITS ON AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION
6.4.1.Noise Pollution
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, based on the Environment Law Nr: 2872, conducts either scheduled or unscheduled or complaint-based
audits to check whether the principles of this regulation are complied with or not, at the noise sources within the borders of municipalities other
than Osmangazi, Yıldırım and Nilüfer, and when required with the support of establishments and organisations authorized within the scope of
the relevant legislation and apply administrative sanctions in case of violation. The municipality delivers the results of the audits within its jurisdiction to the Provincial Directorates of Environment and Forestry.
6.4.2. Air pollution Control
Audits on air pollution originating from warming are conducted and relevant documents are recorded and delivered to relevant organizations. In
cases when fines shall be applied in accordance with the circular of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Nr: 2006/19, punitive action is taken.
Domestic and industry originated air pollution is determined and precautions are taken.
076
6.4.3. INFORMATION ON NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION
In 2009, Bursagaz sold 403 million m3 of natural gas to domestic consumers, 71
million m3 to eligible customers and 12 million m3 to non-eligible industrial consumers. Among the domestic consumers 11% consists of official customers, 20%
commercial customers and 69% home consumers.
Table 6.7. BURSAGAZ Information on Natural Gas Consumption 2009
Subscriber
Type
Consumption
Amount
Consumption
Rate
Number of Gas Users
(BBS)
Domestic
276.496.330
69%
464.381
Official
44.347.692
11%
27.194
Commercial
81.845.128
20%
30.394
Total
402.689.150
100%
521.969
Subscriber Type
Consumption
Amount
Consumption Rate Number of Gas
Users (BBS)
Non-eligible
Industry
12.285.206
15%
50
Eligible Customer
71.198.299
85%
52
Total
83.483.505
100%
102
Reference: Bursagaz 2009 data
077
7. CITY PLANNING
7.1. UPPER SCALE PLANNING AND 1/100000 SCALE 2020
ENVIRONMENT PLAN
In our country planning hierarchy is defined as follows:
REGIONAL PLAN
ENVIRONMENT PLAN
(Based on Regions and Basins
Min. Env. And For.)
CITY ENVIRONMENT PLAN
(Metropolitan/Provincial Municipality and Special Prov. Adm.
MASTER LAND USE PLAN (Municipality/Special Provincial ) Administration)
IMPLEMENTATION LAND USE PLAN (Municipality/Special Provincial
Administration)
Reference: Town Planning and Urbanism Department Provincial Planning Branch
Directorate 2010
Environment Plan mentioned in the above scheme is the 1/100000 scale 2010 Environment Plan within the borders of Bursa. The plan which was prepared based on
the protocol executed between the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa and the Public
Works and Settlement Directorate and with the coordination and contributions of, other than the establishments appointed by the law, Local Representatives based on
participation, was approved by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. The aim
of the plan is to negotiate and balance the Protection and Development Principles and
to ensure a sustainable development.
7.2. 1/100000 SCALE BURSA CITY ENVIRONMENT PLAN
When examined in terms of urbanism and planning principles, upper scale plans signifies the role of the city within the country and the region. While enabling utilization
from the natural resources of the city within the frame of sustainable development
principles and reflection into physical environment, they are plans arranging the
spatial organization of urban functions and providing ecological balance. Upper scale
plans are the plans which lead the lower scale plans and enable the protection utilization balance for the area which require immediate intervention. 1/100.000 plan
which is hierarchically at the top above all plans in our city signifies which regions
require lower scale plan and which regions shall be used with what purpose and thus
monitor the development of the city.
078
Plan preparation process is a stage which will activate and associate the
planning decisions which will enable the access to objectives with the environment and which includes identification of relevant players and establishments and legal tools and organization and coordination of the sources.
After the sectoral analysis and synthesis are completed, information on
which parts of the city are suitable for settlement and to which direction and
under which conditions the city shall be developed, which thresholds are essential, shall be made available to the decision maker and offers regarding
the management of those shall be submitted. Amendment of the Metropolitan Municipality Law and adoption of Law Nr: Nr: 5216, Municipal Law nr:
5393 and other authorities in particular the planning, the effect of Special
Provincial Administrations Law Nr: 5302 on the plan and its implementation,
developments and amendments on the physical environment (in compliance with/non-complaint with the plan decisions) together with the extension
of the responsibility area of the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa 10 times
with a radius of 30 kms in the period after the approval date of the plan and
population growth, industrialization, Law Nr: 5403 on the soil conservation
and land utilization and classification of agricultural lands, requirement to
reflect the fundamental changes such as soil council on the existing plan
and obtaining the numeric plans in harmony with the Geographical Information System with the support of satellite images and updated data upon the
improvement of technological facilities caused the necessity to rediscuss
the 1/100.000 scale 2010 Bursa Environment Plan and constituted the reasons for the preparation of 1/100.000 scale Bursa Environment Plan.
With a participative approach, while the 1/100.000 scale Bursa Environment
Plain is developed, it will be realized with a system which was never practiced in Turkey by implementing all the stages of the plan with the participation of the relevant groups and handling the plan with all the stakeholders
with a participative approach and preparation of the plan by providing mutual
solutions and with design charred method which is new in the global urban
planning.
While the environment plan is developed, with a participative planning approach, the information produced and implementation of all the stages of the
plan with the participation of all the relevant stakeholders are the two objectives adopted by the municipality. Thus, the participants shall be able to
produce information intended for common action taking their experiences
as a base; identifying the problems of Bursa and to jointly find solutions to
these problems and make commitments to take the future of Bursa to a better situation than that of today and to improve their democratic governance
skills. Furthermore, the following objectives adopted by the municipality are
foreseen to be achieved in the entire process;
• Preparation of common design and action environment participatively
and in coordination
• The participants having learned the participation method and from each
other.
• The participants getting stronger by obtaining individual, corporate and/or
synchronization skills
• Probing and sharing the value judgements
• Experiencing democratic dialogue and participative management environ
ment
• Across-the-board compromise
Efforts by the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa and Bursa Special Provincial Administration continue with an intention to prepare the environment plan
with a participative approach.
7.3. 1/25000 SCALE LAND USE PLANS
In the 1/100000 scale 2020 Environment Plan, 6 sub-planning zones were
established based on the economical, social, demographical and cultural developments in Bursa Metropolitan area. The necessity to prepare 1/25000
lower scale plans was inserted in the provisions of 1/100000 scale 2020
Environment Plan by the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa. According to
the provisions of this plan, 1/25.000 scale environment plans in five zones
within the borders of the municipality was prepared and approved. Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, targeting the 1/100.000 scale Environment Plan,
in April 2005 started the preparation of 1/25.000 scale Environment Plans
for Central Planning Zone, West Panning Zone, Mudanya Planning Zone, North
Planning Zone, Gemlik Planning Zone, East Planning Zone, Alaçam (Ululdağ)
Planning Zone with an intention to “ creating a sustainable and habitable
environment and protection of agricultural, touristic and historical identity,
enabling the protection utilization balance and to obtain the healthy development and growth objectives in line with the planning principles determined according to the sectoral development objectives within the scope of the
development policy of Turkey”.
Central Planning Zone and West Planning Zone Environment Plans were
approved on July 2006 and and Mudanya, Gemlik, East and North Planning
Zones Environment Plans were approved on November 2006. Alaçam (Uludağ) Planning Zone Environment Plan could not be prepared since the zone
is within the jurisdictions of Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry
of Culture and Tourism, Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation Board and
the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa and lack of coordination between the
authorized establishments.
079
7.3.2. 1/25000 SCALE WEST PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
While the plans decisions are taken, taking the decisions for the upper scale
planning into consideration, new housing and business areas were formed in
the West Planning Zone for it being the development direction of Bursa. Lake
of Uluabat and its surroundings and Çayırköy Plain was preserved; small industrial areas were formed in different locations for the decentralization of
the contaminating industries within the city.
Planning Area
: 19.791 ha.
Population: 401.600 persons
Housing Area
: 2269 ha.
Business Areas (Trade + Industry) : 1380 ha.
7.3.3. 1/25000 SCALE MUDANYA PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
planning into consideration; in Mudanya Planning Zone decisions bringing
the historical and touristic identity forward were taken, special product areas
were preserved and Agricultural Organized Industrial Zones were prepared
intended for these areas.
: 13.146 ha.
Planning Zone
Population: 174000 persons
Housing Area
: 1768 ha.
: 204 ha.
Business Areas (Trade + Industry)
7.3.1. 1/25000 SCALE CENTRAL PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
When the plan decisions were taken, the decentralization of the settlement
centre was taken as a base in the Central Planning Zone taking the upper scale plan decisions into consideration, service sector was improved, existing
industrial zones in Gürsu and Kestel was not enlarged, social facilities were
improved and density was not increased in the existing planned zones.
Planning Area
: 44.421 ha.
Population: 2.248.300 persons
Housing Area
: 9363 ha.
Business Zones (Trade Industry) : 3985 ha.
080
7.3.4. 1/25000 SCALE GEMLİK PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
planning into consideration; in Gemlik Planning Zone, storage and packaging
areas intended for the development of port activies were formed, new industrial zones were not formed, existing airport was improved, historical identity
of Umurbey was preserved and new housing areas were formed taking the
seismicity character of the area into consideration. Special product areas
were preserved and Agricultural Organized Industrial Zones were prepared
intended for these areas.
Planning Zone
: 17.142 ha.
Housing Area
: 1262 ha.
: 944ha.
7.3.5. 1/25000 SCALE NORTH PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
While the plans decisions are taken, taking the decisions for the upper scale planning into consideration; in North Planning Zone, planning decisions
which would create an attraction center was not taken. Existing settlements
were improved taking the year 2020 as a target and special product areas
were preserved.
Planning Zone: 10.647 ha.
Housing Area: 421 ha.
: 78 ha.
7.3.6. 1/25000 SCALE EAST PLANNING ZONE LAND USE PLAN
planning into consideration, in North Planning Zone; rural developments areas and business areas where there is no contaminating activities takes place
were formed in consideration of the water basins and the characteristics of
the area.
: 5.406 ha.
Planning Zone
: 97 ha.
Housing Area
: 231 ha.
7.4. URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECTS
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa which paves its way for establishing a
modern and a healthy city with urban transformation projects, historical heritage preservation and sustenance projects, recreational projects, sports
facility projects aims to generate the highest level of living spaces for its
citizens and a high quality life for everyone in line with the sustainable development principles. It is intended to cause the development areas have
habitable environments and integration of any kind of urban services with
the spaces constituted thereof, enabling participation to large scale reinforcement and implementation process adapting the same principles for the
constructed areas and not to ignore the city aesthetics and visual images.
Urban Transformation is the production of projects and practices where urban development is reconsidered socially, economically and environmentally and for transforming the impaired or disfunctionalized city parts and
problematical areas into healthy and habitable spaces. Urban transformation is the elimination of the problems which impair the texture of a city.
Almost 70% of the house inventory in Bursa is in the unlicensed construction status and 80% of these buildings, differing from other metropolises, are
illegal buildings on shared plots instead of shanty houses. At the eastern and
northern parts of the city such constructions are highly common, the substandard housing areas are extensively densed at both sides of narrow streets with rare social facilities. Furthermore, impaired areas become gradually
more at the city center. In these unhealthy urban spaces which constitute
almost 70% of the city texture, Urban Transformation is used as a helpful tool.
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa adopted a Urban transformation understanding which is not only the transformation of the physical environment but
to be handled with social and cultural aspects and having the basic principles of a health city
Equal sharing
Transparency
Rightful management
Consensus and participation
and shapes the future of Bursa by creating healthy living spaces with transformation projects implemented on a 200 ha area which is socio-culturally,
economically and physically impaired.
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa continues its efforts seeking solutions for
the processes which have negative impact on the city and city life naturally,
socially, economically and culturally.
These projects aim to create higher quality environments, urban transformation, reinforcement, preservation of historical and cultural heritage and rehabilitation of the environment.
081
7.4.1. URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECT AREAS
7.4.1.2. Sıcaksu Urban Transformation Project
19,8 ha area known as Leather Manufacturers Area and which served leather industry for long years lost its function since the industrial facilities
moved to other places and has become a place of impairment at the city
center. The project primarily aims to prevent environmental pollution due
to evacuated and destructed buildings which has become an impairment
area at the city center and to clean up the transformation area.
7.4.1.3. Santralgaraj Urban Transformation Project
The project area of 12 ha involves Hocahasan, Ahmetpaşa, Çırpan, Ulu
and Kırcaali streets. The area involves a retail trade which evolved particularly due to the light rail system station and unplanned constructions
and dated building stock. The project to be implemented will enable the
existing trade system to continue under a renewed shelter and also will
be developed in a manner to include modern office units which Bursa
seriously needs. The efforts on the project continue.
7.4.1.4. Yalova Highway Urban Transformation Project
Project includes an area with a lenght of approximately 2739 kms with
160 ha surrounded by Nilüfer River at the north, and İzmir-Ankara highway at the south. Yalova Highway was announced as an Urban Transformation and Development Area since urban areas in required amounts
could not be obtained with the public improvement works and illegal housings could not be prevented and activites which impair city hygiene
continue in this area. Efforts on the project still continue.
GREEN FIELDS, SPORTS FIELDS AND RECREATIONAL
PROJECTS
In order to support the identity of Bursa which inscribed its name “Green Bursa” into history with golden letters sports areas and recreational
projects are being implemented. The objective is to increase the green
fields in Bursa in general by 2.500.000 m2. Thus while the green field per
capita was 1,87 m2 according to 2004 data, this figure will be increased
up to 7,32 m2 per capita as a result of the on going project studies.
082
Taking into consideration the interaction of physical environment with social health and its importance to create healty societies and the need to develop
healthy generations in order to develop a healthy future; the studies continue with an objective to built
Regional sports complexes in 3 central districts
A swimming pool for each district
A sports area for each street
Sheltered sports halls for 20 schools
with an intention to serve each point of the city and the city will gain a total of 100 ha sports facilities at the end.
7.5.1. Bursa Stadium
In Bursa Stadium which was designed in accordance with UEFA standards, the objectives were enlarged and redesigned to be built on a 400.000 m2 area
with a capacity of 43.000 spectators as an outcome of the accomplishments of Bursaspor. The stadium is projected with modern architecture concept designed in form a crocodile which is the symbol of Bursaspor will involve special watching points for the disabled will become a living center with environmental
planning’s.
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PROJECTS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTENANCE OF HISTORI- PROJECTS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTENANCE OF HISTORICAL
CAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
Deep-rooted history, cultural heritage and “Living Museum City” identity of
Bursa which housed many civilizations for centuries are reshaped with restoration projects. When the projects which will raise the historical texture of
Bursa are completed a substantial bridge will have been built between the
past and the future of the city. Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa accomplishes the project with broadest scope ever implemented to make Bursa a
living, active city of history .Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa which produced 250 projects in the last year in order to reveal the historical and cultural
heritage also continues its efforts on concept projects to bring the historical
bazaars and khans region where no efforts were made for the last 25 years
into open. The projects by Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa concerning the
preservation of historical and cultural heritage and establishment, renewal
and restoration of social facilities, parks and recreational areas are given as
follows:
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Historical Bazaar and Khans Region Urban Design Project (Osmangazi)
Application to UNESCO List of World Cultural Heritage for Historical Bazaar
and Khans Region (Osmangazi)
Restoration of Historical Bursa City Walls (Osmangazi)
Kütahya Khan Restoration Project and Kütahya Khan Vicinity Reinforcement Project (Osmangazi)
Eskişehir Khan Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Emir Khan Survey – Restitution Projects (Osmangazi)
İpek Khan Survey – Restitution -Restoration Projects (Osmangazi)
Emirsultan Bath Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Mahkeme Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Tahirağa Bath Restoration Project (Mudanya)
Hamamlıkızık Bath Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Davutpaşa Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Kayhan Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Muallimzade Bath Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Hasanbey Bath Restoration Project (Mudanya)
Cık Cık Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
İncirli Bath and SMO Building Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Reyhanpaşa Bath Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Çandarlı İbrahimpaşa Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Fabrika-İ Humayun Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Çobanbey Old Plant Buildings Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Yeşil Poor House Simple Renovation Project (Yıldırım)
Çukur Mescid Restoration Project
Emirsultan Feyzullahpaşa Mescidi Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Yıldırım Mosque Minarets Reconstruction (Yıldırım)
Kiremitçi Sinan Bey Mosque Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Yaylacık Village Mosque Restoration Project (Nilüfer)
Yahudilik Synagogue Survey and Repairment of Annxes (Osmangazi)
Fidyekızık Konak Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Barakfakıh Registered Building Restoration Project (Kestel)
Boyacıkulu School Restoration Project (Yıldırım)
Gürsu Water Mill Restoration Project (Gürsu)
SMO Building Opposite Ördekli Bath Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Hünkar Mansion Annexes Reconstruction Project (Yıldırım)
Mudanya Old Olive Bazaar Design Project (Mudanya)
Muradiye Head Stones Outdoor Museum (Osmangazi)
Akçalar Aktopraklık Archeopark Project (Nilüfer)
Gemlik City Walls Restoration Project (Gemlik)
Kestel Castle Environmental Planning and Cafeteria Project (Kestel)
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SOCIAL FACILITY PROJECTS
Yıldırım (Mimar Sinan) Women Clubhouse Project (Yıldırım)
Yıldıztepe One-Day Facility Project (Mudanya)
Atatepe Social Facilities Project (Gemlik)
Zoo Africa Cafe and New Construciton Projects
Kestel Sports and Disabled Clubhouse Project
Narlı Social Facilities (Gemlik)
Özlüce Mosque Cafeteria and Environment Planning Projects (Nilüfer)
PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREA PROJECTS
Hüdavendigar City Park Project (Osmangazi)
Botanikpark Climbing Park Project
Bakacak Environmental Planning Project
River Restoration Project at the back of Şevket Yılmaz Hospital
Beşevler Su Deposu City Park Project
Tekel Building and Vicinity Urban Design Project
Kurşunlu Kumsaz Regional Park Project
Gemlik Square Restoration Project
Gemlik Çarşı River Restoration Project
Mollafenari, Üç Kuzular, Somuncubaba Mosques Environmental Planning Projects
Ertuğrul Gazi Street Water Reservoir Environmental Planning Project
Karabalçık Village Square Restoration Project (Osmangazi)
Gölbaşı Recreational Area Project
Karıncadere Park Area Restoration Project
Gökdere Kurtuluş Street Restoration Project
Namazgah Park Urban Design Project
Children Play and Recreational Park next to Food WholeSellers Market (Nilüfer)
Soğukpınar Village Park Project
Zeytinlik Mosque Environmental Planning Project (Osmangazi)
Yunus Emre Street Park Project (Yıldırım)
Kültürpark Gaziakdemir and Çakaldere Entries Road Project (Osmangazi)
Güzelyalı Municipality Service Building Area Restoration Project
Yerkapı Urban Design and Yokuş Street Restoration Project
Altıparmak-SGK square Urban Design Project
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8. TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
8.1. ROAD, SEA AND AIR TRANSPORTATION
8.1.1. ROAD TRANSPORTATION
Road network in Bursa consists of freeways, state roads, city roads under the
supervision of Highways 14th Regional Directorate and the main traffic arterial
roads and side roads under the supervision of Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa. 80% of the roads are of urban road quality. Since a part of the interurban roads
are occupied by the parking cars, the roads operate inefficiently. There are no
pavements at the majority of the side roads in the city due to unplanned constructions. Some of those are narrow roads with a width of 4 mts and have a slope
of more than 10%. There is a freeway within the borders of Bursa destined from
Ankara to İzmir. There are connections to Bursa orbital motorways and main traffic arterial roads at five connection points. Taking the existing settlement status
of Bursa, main arterial road which is East_West axis pass through Nilüfer, Osmangazi and Yıldırım. This axis at the same time is used for Ankara-İzmir direction.
There are two main road connections from this East-West axis through north. One
of them is destined for Mudanya through Northwest direction. The other reaches
to Kocaeli and İstanbul through Gemlik and Yalova in the northeast direction.
Another axis which starts from Osmangazi goes to Uludağ which has the most
significant infrastructure for winter sports in our country and located at the south
of the city center. This road is extensively used particularly in winter time. The
immediate orbital motorway passes through Osmangazi and Yıldırım Districts.
This road is directed from East to West and relieves the interurban traffic. Contrary to Ankara-İzmir motorway, immediate motorway does not have underpasses but signalized cross-roads.
In Bursa city center Cumhuriyet Street, Cemal Nadir Street, Atatürk Street and
İnönü Street operate as one way roads. Also in many small streets between these streets at the center the traffic moves one-way.
087
8.1.2. SEA TRANSPORTATION (BURSA FAST FERRY STATION)
Sea transportation in Bursa is provided from the Mudanya Güzelyalı Station.
For long years sea transportation of Bursa passenger and vehice traffic was
provided through Güzelyalı Seaport. Expeditions were launched in İstanbul
– İmralı – Gemlik - Mudanya direction with the passenger ferries of Maritime
Lines till 1997 and İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri A.Ş. (IDO) started regular trips
thereafter. The trip from İstanbul to Mudanya with passenger boats which
lasted for almost 4 hours was reduced down to 75 min with fast ferries. Bursa
Ferry Station is designed suitable for 4 ferries with lengths respectively 59,9
mts and 86,6 mts and width 17,5 and 24 mt respectively. Station car park
has a capacity for 500 cars. The fast ferry expeditions are organised by IDO
from Güzelyalı to Kadıköy-Kabataş and Yenikapı. Fast ferries with a capacity
of 225 vehicles and 1200 passengers serve in the İstanbul-Bursa direction.
İDO Fast Ferry Destinations (İDO)
The durations of Bursa-Kadıköy-Kabataş fast ferry expeditions;
Kabataş-Bursa: 2 hours; Kadıköy-Bursa 1h 15 min.
Bursa Fast Ferry station
There are public transportation vehicles serving from Bursa fast ferry station
to city center, Bursaray Organized Industry Area, Bus terminal and to university according to the expeditions of IDO.
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8.1.3.AIR TRANSPORTATION (YENİŞEHİR AIRPORT)
In the airport located 10 kms at the west of Yenişehir District, the utilization area of the terminal is 5600 m2 including domestic and international
open public spaces and has a passenger capacity of 1.500.000 passengers/year. It also has a cargo building with 9460 m2 closed area and 8 chilling
rooms with a capacity of 115 m3 each and a car park with an area of 10.000 m2.
On 21.05.2001 the Council of Ministers issued a decree with nr: 2001/2444 to declare Bursa-Yenişehir Airport as a permanent passenger entry-exit
air border check point. Thus Yenişehir airport was allowed for international air traffic. Flights to Ankara by Anadolu Jet which is a subsidiary of THY was
started on 02.04.2010 and the airport serves to domestic scheduled flights with bilateral flights scheduled four times a week (Monday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Saturday). Thus there are indirect flights to all cities with transfer in Ankara and to some international points.
Besides, once a week (Tuesday) there is a bilateral flight to Dusseldorf Öğer Tur with airplanes of Germania Fluggesellschaft since 30.03.2010.
Borajet started scheduled domestic flights on 20.07.2010 and thus direct flights to four domestic points to Adana, Şanlıurfa, Samsun and Trabzon
and also to Skopje. On 02.08.2010 Lufthansa started bilateral Munich flights three times a week and thus it is possible to have indirect flight opportunity to many points outside the country with Lufthansa through Munich.
Other than the aforementioned flights; VIP flights, military flights, parachute flights, pilot training flights, business flights, ambulance flights etc. are
frequently made from the airport since it was first established. Transportation from Yenişehir Airport to the City: Transportation from the airport to
the city is provided by public transportation vehicles. Also Airport Taxi and Airport pick-ups serve for 24 hours for private use. Public Transportation
Vehicles serve with line number 80 for 9 tours a day destined from the airport to the Interurban Bus Terminal.
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8.2. PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE TRANSPORTATION
8.2.1.BICYCLE TRANSPORTATION
With the bicycle tracks built by the Metropliatn Municipality on İzmir Highway and Mudanya Road and the bicycle tracks built on either single or on
both sides of the roads with a width over 10 mts constructed by Municipality
of Nilüfer, a bicycle path of 59 kms was constructed in Nilüfer.
Among the Bursa Light Rial System stations, K.Sanayi, Ataevler, Beşevler,
FSM, Nilüfer, Karaman, İhsaniye, ESentepe, Hamitler, Organize Sanayi, Acemler has bicycle parking points and also bicyle parking points are planned for
the BLRS III Phase stations.
8.2.2.PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORTATION
The pavements in the city center can not be built sufficiently wide due to the
extensive historical texture, narrow streets of the old city and extensive housings. Extensive pedestrian traffic can be observed particularly on streets
and squares allocated for pedestrian traffic. It is planned to allocate Cumhuriyet Street for tramcar and pedestrian traffic.
8.2.3.TRANSPORTATION FOR THE DISABLED
Metropolitan Municipality conducts all the required studies to prevent the
disabled citizens not to face any difficulties at the traffic and transportation. Studies to transform the pavements and transportation vehicles eligible
for use by the disabled citizens rapidly continue. Some of the studies are as
follows:
Signalized cross-roads equipped with sound alarm system intended for
the disabled citizens: 106 Altıparmak Emniyet, 107 Altıparmak, 108 Altıparmak Arap Şükrü, 105 Zafer Plaza, 147 Cemil Nadir Yaya, 102 Fevzi Çakmak
Yaya, 116 Çekirce cad. İntam, 117 Çekirge cad. Karagöz, 121 Zübeyde Hanım,
148 Cumhuriyet cad. Yaya, 149 İnönü Cad. Yaya, 103 Şehreküstü Meydanı,
201 Setbaşı, 202 Yeşil, 151 Adliye Yaya, 316 FSM Bulvarı Hastane, 109 Stadyum, 155 Haşim İşcan Yaya, 261 Eşrefiler cad. Yaya, 162 Kapalıçarşı Yaya.
090
Concerning the solution for the transportation and other problems of our
disabled citizens; car parks for the disabled, markings intended for giving information at the pavements and other facilities.
In 23 Bursaray Stations 70 elevators intended for there disabled were
built.
Ramps and elevators intended for the disabled were built on the newly
projected footbridges. (Terminal Footbridge, Footbridge in front of Anatolian
High School, Acemler Footbridge, Nilüfer Carrefour Footbridge, Merinos Footbridge).
85 low-based public transportation vehicles serve for the disables citizens
in 38 lines. It is planned to purchase all new buses suitable for the disabled.
Within the scope of article four of “METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY OF BURSA
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES TRANSPORTATION CARDS IMPLEMENTATION REGULATION” prepared according to law nr: 4436; a total of 6891 freepass for the disabled (with 40% disability rate) and 1559 free pass were
given to escorts of the disabled (with disability rate of 50% or more) as of
November 2010.
8.2.4. EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON TRANSPORTATION
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa; has prepared the “Private Public Transportation Vehicles Regulation” in order for the public transportation services
in the adjacent area and which are implemented by private sector other than
its own enterprises
Be clean , technical and economical
Be integrated under the management, operation and supervision
organisation
Be in coordination with the public transport services given by Public Transportation Branch Directorate
To specify under which conditions and how those vehicles operate, relations between the entrepreneurs and the corporations benefiting from those
services, authorities and responsibilities of the establishments and organizations which will execute and audit the application.
Private Public Transport Vehicles to be operated by private or legal entities
being awarded the tender for performing public transport by our municipality
and/or their sub contractors.
Private Public Transport Vehicles having working permit registered with
serial M from the municipality operating based on the decision of the metropolitan municipal council dated 07.08.2002 with nr. 161.
Private Public Transport Vehicles having working permit registered with
serial M from the municipality operating based on the decision of the metropolitan municipal council dated 07.08.2002 with nr. 162
Legal Supports of this regulation are:
Metropolitan Municipalities Law Nr: 5216
Municipal Law Nr: 5393,
High way Traffic Law Nr: 2918,
Misdemeanour Law Nr: 5326,
Law Nr: 4736 and attached bylaws (Cards with reduced rate or free of
charge)
Free Travel Cards Regulation,
Decisions of the Metropolitan Municipal Council dated 07.08.2002 with
nr: 161 and 162
Decision of Provincial Commission of Traffic dated 23.10.2002 with
nr: 121,
02.04.1986 tarih ve 10553 sayılı Bakanlar Kurulu’nun Ticari Plakaların
verilmesine ilişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkındaki Kararı
EĞİTİM:
Özel Toplu Taşıma Araçlarında çalışan sürücüler belediye tarafından belirlenecek ve önerilecek eğitim programına katılmak zorundadırlar. Bu eğitimlere katılmayan sürücüler işletici araçlarında çalıştırılamaz.
Araç sürücüleri, yılda 6 kez Belediye tarafından düzenlenecek eğitim seminerin en az 3’ üne katılmak zorundadır.
“Private Public Transportation Vehicles Regulation” includes
Council of Ministers Decree Concerning the Procedures and Principles
for Granting the Commercial Licence Plates dated 02.04.1986 date with nr
10553
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TRAINING:
Drivers of the Public Transport Vehicles are obligated to attend the training programmes to be specified and offered by the municipality. The drivers failing
to attend such courses are prohibited to work at these vehicles.
The derivers shall attend at least 3 out of 6 training seminars to be organized by the municipality.
At the end of the training seminar, the owner and driver of the vehicles will be subject to an exam. The drivers accomplishing the exam will be granted a
Vehicle Driver Identity Card which will be valid for 5 years.
SUPERVISION:
The vehicles of the operator shall be subject to audits by the following authorities in accordance with this regulation
Transportation Department Public Transport Brach Directorate
Municipal Police Department Auditing Branch Directorate
The operators failing to comply with the provisions of this regulation and subject to monetary fines and points reduction penalty and the drivers are subject to points reduction penalty
During the audits, the operator who is in default may be subject to verbal or written warnings by the authorities at any time. The operator in breach of this
term of reference shall be subject to monetary and point reduction penalties according to penalty scheme at the same time.
8.3. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM UTILISATION RATES
The table and graphic for all types of transportation including interim public transport data are as follows in general:
Table 8.1. Average Daily Passenger Distribution between November 2009- October 2010
TOTAL DAILY PASSENGER DISTRIBUTION
Number of Vehicles
Number of passengers
Passenger%
BursaRay
48
143.936
8
Bus
736
356.542
20
Minibus
1.034
206.800
11
Service
2.699
215.920
12
Services with route permit
1.011
50.550
3
Dolmush
702
70.200
4
Taxi
783
15.660
1
Private Cars
213.697
747.938
41
TOTAL
220.662
1.807.547
100
092
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Bursaray
Otobüs
Bus
Minibüs
Minibus
Servis
Service
Güzergah
İzin Bel.
Service
with route
permit
Servis
Dolmuş
Dolmush
Taksi
Taxi
Özel Araç
Private
Cars
Reference: (Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Transportation Department)
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8.3.2. WALKING DISTANCES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Distances between each Bursaray station is about an average of 1
km. The locations of stations are specified according to the areas
of usage around, the structure of streets and existing usable lands.
In practice, the distance between the stations is a function of availability of areas of usage and ease of access to the settlement in
the vicinity and the lowest limit is about 600-800 mts. between
the stations. The distances between the stops of rubber-wheeled
vehicles is ab out 300-500 mts depending on the intensity of passengers and physical conditions.
8.4. OTOP CAR PARK UTILISATION
In line with the intensive private car usage in Bursa city center there is a huge need for car parks. Roadside parking lots at the city
center are operated by BURBAK A.Ş. which is monitored by the
Metropolitan Municipality. Furthermore, there are car parks which
serve as open and multi-storey car parks operated by private enterprises.
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8.5. RAIL SYSTEMS
Public transportation with rail system is performed with Bursaray which is in the body of BURULAŞ. The data concerning the average daily number of passengers for Bursaray Public Transport System between November 2009-October 2010 are given as follows:
Table 8.2. Public Transport Data with Rail System
BURSARAY ENTERPRISE
Number of Stations Number of vehicles
BURSARAY
23
45
Number of reserve
vehicles
3
Total Number of Vehicles
48
Annual Daily Average
Number of Passengers
(week-days)
143.936
Reference: Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Transportation Department
8.5.1. BursaRay Routes
Bursaray / Light Rail System Stage I which is operated is about 21,88 kms and starts from Organized Industry Zone on the road to Mudanya and
intersects at Mudanya Road Cross-Roads with the route coming from Küçük Sanayi and then continues through Acemler, Sırameşeler, Merinos,
Şehreküstü, Demirtaşpaşa, Gökdere, Davutdede, Duaçınarı, Yüksek İhtisas Hastanesi and ends at Arabayatağı Station.
The I Stage of Bursaray which is operated has three main lines: North Line starts from Mudanya Crossroad and goes through Mudanya which is
about 4,8 kms consisting of 5 stations, 2 open-close tunnel pass crossroads, 2 ramps, 1 overpass with bridge.
West Line starts from Mudanya crossroads and goes through University of Uludağ with a length of 5,32 kms consisting of 5 stations, 2 openclose tunnel pass crossroads, 2 ramps, 1 overpass with bridge. East Line, starts from Mudanya crossroads and goes through Ankara Highway
with a length of 12,49 kms consisting of 13 stations ( 4 underground and 9 at-grade ) and 1 overpass with bridge.
095
8.5.2. GENERAL ASSESSMENT ON STATION POINTS
Locations of Stations
There are 23 stations in the system and 5 of these are underground and others are at-grade stations. The total length of two – line route is 21,88 kms and
there are no at grade crossings in the system and therefore a privileged road for use of cars is allocated. There are 5 stations in İzmir Line at Küçük Sanayi,
Ataevler, Beşevler, Fatih Sultan Mehmet and Nilüfer. There are 5 stations on Mudanya Line at Organized Industry, Hamitler-Fethiye, Esentepe, İhsaniye and
Karaman. When the two lines combine on Ankara Highway route there are stations at Acemler, Paşa Çiftliği, Sırameşeler, Kültürpark, Merinos, Osmangazi,
Şehreküstü, Demirtaşpaşa, Gökdere, Davutdede, Duaçınarı, Yüksek İhtisas Hastanesi, Arabayatağı.
On-goning investmens and planned investments for Bursa Light Rail System
Bursa Light Rail System Project is a project constructed in stages. Stage I of BLRS is completed and operated and Stage II construction works continue. At
this stage the existing BursaRay line which is on İzmir Highway with the lst station at Küçük Sanayi will be extended to the University of Uludağ. The length
of the line is approximately 6,6 kms and there are additional 6 stations assumed on the line. Moreover, in Stage II the existing LRS line will be extended for
about 2,5 kms from its last station at Organized Industry 1050 Konutlar on Mudanya Road and there are 2 additional stations are planned in this route. The
length of railway platform is abut 120 mts and passenger platform has a width of 8,3 mts. Elevators for the disabled are planned for each station in Stage II.
BLRS (East) Light Rail System Line III starts from the existing Arabayatağı Station and ends at Kestel District. This new planned line which has a length of 7,08
kms will pass through the corridor allocated on the mid referee of Bursa-Ankara Highway. There are 7 stations foreseen for BLRS III East Line. The stations are
planed at-grade and locations were chosen considering the crossroads, ramps, bridges, important settlements, streets and public establishments. Stations
are underpass type and the entries are designed according to location of the stations. The length of the platforms are 120 mts and the width of passenger
platforms is 8,3 mts. There are disabled elevators foreseen in the stations.
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9. Social Services
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa executes its duties for systematic and scheduled services for the elimination of monetary, moral and social deprivations arising out of the personal and environmental problems of the individuals and families or
which arise out of their control; prevention and solution of social problems, improvement of their life standards, within the
borders of its jurisdiction. The services rendered within this scope
Social Welfare Services
Services for the Disabled
Children and Youth Services
Family/Adult Services
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9.1. Social Welfare Services:
This includes the social welfare services and the assistance or cooperation of persons and organizations which will contribute to such services intended
for persons who are in poverty and fail to meet basic needs and have difficulties to maintain their lives even at the lowest level or who suffered from natural
disasters such as fire, earthquake, floods; prisoners, refugees and emigrants, as far as is allowed by the sources.
9.1.1. Educational Sets Aid:
In 2010-2011 education year, 16750 needier students were granted education set aids (school bags and stationeries) with the cooperation in distribution
by Provincial Directorate of National Education.
9.1.2. Supplies Aid
The supplies are distributed in routine and collectively in Ramadan taking the needs of our citizens into consideration. In 2010, a total of 23.640 families’
received supplies aids which were brought to their homes.
9.1.3. Fuel (Coal) Aid
In 2009-2010 winter period fuel (coal) aid was granted to a total of 7.237 families who fail to meet their requirements.
In 2010-2011 winter period fuel (coal) aid will be granted to a total of 8.000 families who fail to meet their requirements. The distributions continue.
9.1.4. Public Soup- Kitchen Services
During Ramadan, a total of 120.000 persons with a daily average of 4.000 were given iftar meals at the public soup-kitchen established in the Fevzi Çakmak
multi storey car park. 48.000 citizens benefited from the iftar soups given at Kent Meydanı, Emirsultan Meydanı, Orhangazi Park, University of Uludağ and
Merinos Park.
098
9.1.5. Property Aids
Since 2010, the families in need were given 81 pcs baby biscuits ( with an amount of a food package), baby diapers, milk, 70 triple couches, 5 single couches,
14 carpets, 10 single beds, 3 twin beds, 3 twin bed base, 7 single bed-base, 1
twin sponge bed, 2 child bedsteads, 2 child beds, 21 ovens, 37 refrigerators, 1
refrigerator repairment, 10 washing machines, 1 washing machine repairment,
2 televisions, 1 electric water heater, 4 stoves, 2 bed stands, 1 vanity mirror, 1
two-wing wardrobe, 2 single–wing wardrobe, 2 large gas-filled tubes, 2 small
furnaces, 4 drum heaters, 6 stove pipes, 1 stove elbow pipe, 1 dining table, 1 set
of cookware’s, 1 set of dining plates, 1 set of cutlery were delivered.
9.1.6.Social Aids Distribution Centers
On site cloth, shoe, food etc. aids are realized at the addresses of our citizen who
are in need within the scope of the center.
9.2. Services for the Disabled:
With the services for the disabled, it is aimed to reinforce the assistance and
support to the disabled persons who live within the boundaries of the metropolitan Municipality and to ease the adaptation of the disabled into social life and
to create a social structure which will encourage the protection of their rights.
The disabled citizens are given priority in the social services and monthly coordination meetings are held with the disabled associations within the scope
of services for the disabled. The studies to prepare a Bursa Disabled Inventory
are going on. In the future period, it is planned to make studies on establishing
a Disabled Service Center.
The disabled citizens have priority to get their food, fuel, educational materials
and various aids in-kind (assistance devices, tools and equipments) within the
scope of Social Welfare Services.
In 2010;
1.000 food packages were personally delivered against signature at the residential addresses of the disabled.
099
800 families which have a disabled member were given coal aids.
46 battery-operated wheelchairs, 1 battery, 9 manual wheel-chairs, 1 manual wheelchair for children, 1 cerebral pulsy pushchair, 1 patient toilet chair, 1
pair of polyethylene mold, 2 air-beds, 2 patient beds, 3 eyeglasses, 3 batteries
for hearing instrument, 20 probes and 20 probe bags, 3 pairs of orthopedically
shoes, 1 pair of orthopedically shoe sole, 1 pair of varsity sock, 38 patient diapers / wet wipes / towel napkins, 1 orthopedically adjustable child seat with
table, 1 chargeable battery compartment, 1 blood metering rod were given and
maintenance of 1 battery-operated wheelchair and repairment of 2 battery-operated wheelchair and 1 double arm prosthesis were done by us.
7 coordination and assessment meetings were held with public establishments and Non-Governmental Organisations in 2010.
The studies on the preparation of a Bursa Disabled Inventory which started
in 2007 still continue.
The efforts on the Preparation of Bursa Disabled Inventory was started on November 2007 with an aim to determine the number of the disabled in 7 central
districts of Bursa (Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım, Gürsu, Kestel, Mudanya, Gemlik)
and to compose a database of the socio-demographical information including
data on disability classification, age, gender, education, income, occupation
and communication. It is aimed to plan the Services for the Disabled based on
scientific and statistical information as a result of the need assessment to be
executed based on this database.
In order to extend this study for thr preparation of Disabled Inventory to wider masses announcement materials such as leaflets, banners, bill-boards and
overpass coverings were used at the beginning of 2010.
Within the scope of studies for the preparation of Bursa Disabled Inventory
in 2009-2010 1526 disabled citizens completed the Disabled Social Research
Form and registered and 4584 disabled persons were registered from the beginning of the study.
0100
9.3. Children and Youth Services:
It is aimed to protect the bodily and mental health’s, to support the cultural improvements of and to educate and to give skills to the children and youngsters residing within the boundaries of the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa.
A Children Center was opened on 04th March 2009 within the scope of “ EU Financial Cooperation Support Project for the Solution of Socio-Economical
Problems Originating From Migration”.
9.3.1.İGEP (Domestic Migration Integration Project)/Children Center
IGEP which is based on EU Accession Framework is a project which aims to provide technical support for the socio-economical integration problems in the
large cities which receive intensive domestic migration Ankara, İzmir, Bursa ve İstanbul).
The project, focuses particularly on the socio-economical integration for the long term planning of the services rendered by the Metropolitan Municipalities, and aims to make the required capacity increase for the execution of their duties. What is important is the improve the strategically planning process
at Metropolitan Municipality level however the point of focus is not to prepare a full Strategically Action Plan for all the sectors in the municipalities. The
objective of planning activities is to support the improvement of the socio-economical and environmental conditions of the groups who are less integrated
with the society in the metropolis or who are most disadvantageous.
At the same time, the project aimed to make an intervention in the social life by establishing pilot “child centers” which aim to serve the children who are
most affected and live at the streets and/or work with properly trained personnel. 1st component of the project “Strategically Action Planning and Operational Programming” studies including in the scope of the enhancement of the capacities of the municipalities were executed by the Work Groups with
coordination of Project Coordination Unit established within the metropolitan Municipality.
By virtue of participative approach and except the corporate plans of the respective organizations, it was aimed to establish a multi sectoral plan intended
for the solution of “migration, urban poverty and integration and participation to work groups from the relevant units of the metropolitan Municipality, Governorship, Special Provincial Administration, District Municipalities, NGO’s and universities was ensured.
The work groups composed within the 1st component of Project;
1. Social Services and Health
2. Employment and Income Generation
3. Education and Culture
4. Urban Services and Environment
5. Coordination and Governance between Sectors
Work groups which convened for the first time in 25th-26th June 2009 initially worked as an opinion exchange platform and enabled the sharing of the
offers on the subjects concerning the project at technical level. Work Groups were considered as platforms that have different duties and activities. For
each activity, the representatives of public establishments and other stakeholders were separately grouped and they completed their duty to establish a
Strategically Action Plan for Bursa. The project ended in June 2010. A Strategically Action Plan was prepared in 1st component “Capacity Improvement” and
20 personnel received education on various subjects and maps of the disadvantageous groups were prepared and the needs analysis of Bursa was made.
2nd component of the project has foreseen a specimen child center aiming particularly the children working or under risk to work at the streets.
0101
Since the time the center was opened, 2147 children were registered.
Children Center Service Headlines:
Protective and Preventive Activities
Social Awareness and Introduction of the Center
Physco-Social Guidance Intended for the Child and Family, Consultancy and
Support Services
Health Services
Self Care Services ( Feeding and Cleaning Services)
Education Support Services (School Etüt Desteği - Bilgisayar - İngilizce)
Social Welfare Services Intended for Child and the Family
Social and Cultural Activities (Music - Handicrafts – Drawing – Theatre
Chess – Folk Dances – Picnic and Travels etc.)
Sports Activities (Football - Basketball – Taekwondo – Table Tennis - Sports Tournaments)
0102
Below activities were performed since 2009:
Social research was performed for 120 families.
Participation to Bursa Region State Symphony Orchestra Concert and Ballet Performance was provided.
19th May Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day activities were performed in front of the Children Center.
City Museum was visited in the 18 – 24th May Museums Week.
Academic personnel commissioned at University of Houston Social Services Institute visited our center in May.
A seminar was held on “Waste materials and Recycling” within the scope of activities for June 5th Environment Day.
Support for “Children of Love” was given within the scope of activities organized by the governorship.
Model Plane Making Workshop was done by Turkish Aeronautical Association
Children Center Sports Festival was organized within the scope of sports activities.
“School Reports Festival” was organized after the schools were closed for summer.
109 kids learned their blood groups as a result of Blood Group Determination studies within the scope of health activities.
The center was introduced to teachers at the schools around the center within the scope of cooperation with the schools in the vicinity.
“Hygiene Training” seminar in October and “Swine Flu” seminar in November was held within the scope of health activities.
University of Uludağ Animal Hospital was visited on 4th October Animal Protection Day.
“Children Rights” seminar was held intended for Children Rights.
As of October, Drama trainings’ started to be given on Saturdays. These activities ended as of May 2010.
“Fire Training and Exercise” was performed in October.
Participation was provided to “14th International Bursa Children and Youth theatres Festival” on 24th October 2009.
29th October Republic Day Ceremony was performed.
10th November, Commemoration of Atatürk Programma was organized.
On 11th November 2009, Regina de DOMİNİCİ, Assistant for UNICEF Turkey representative made a visit to Childen Center.
Participation was provided to “4th International Silk Road Film Festival” between 14-22th November 2009.
“Children Rights Day” programme intended for Children Rights was organized on 20th November 2009.
Barbering service was given to boys for two months between October-November.
Children Center basketball field started operation as of December.
Participation was provided to 13th International Bursa Karagöz, Puppet and Shadow Plays Festival” between 07-12th December 2009.
Participation to “Social Working Symposium with Children and Youth under risk” was provided on 16-17th December 2009 within the scope of “Support
Project for the Solution of Migration originated Social and Economical problems in Ankara, Bursa, İstanbul and İzmir”
A visit to children center was made with the participation of Prof. Dr Sevil ATAUZ and Prof. Dr. Suna TANELİ and the experts which came from İstanbul, İzmir
and Ankara within the scope of “Support Project for the Solution of Migration originated Social and Economical problems in Ankara, Bursa, İstanbul and İzmir”
Hünkar Köşkü Museum visit was made with the participation of approximately 100 children.
0103
Zoo visits were made at suitable times during the year.
Photograph training was given to 15 children working at the streets by BUFSAD and a photograph exhibition was held in Artist Şefik Bursalı Art Gallery
in March 2010.
Tiling training was given to 15 children working at the streets by BUSMEK and a tile exhibition was held in Artist Şefik Bursalı Art Gallery in May 2010.
A visit to the Children Center was made with the participation of Paul de Vitte, Belgium Ambassador and his wife.
Children Center Chorus attended the 23rd April Children Festival programme organized by Zoo Management.
18 children attended Wire Car Course which was organized with the cooperation of BEGEV-BUTGEM in July 2010 within the scope of “We Raise the Engineers of the Future” Project.
Approximately 250 children found the opportunity to be trained on swimming, basketball, volleyball, wrestling in the 2010 summer courses with the
cooperation of Belediyespor.
Participation was provided to the activities organized by the Governorship within the scope of Fighting against Child Labor day on 12th June 2010.
14 children registered to Children center attended the Youth Camp traditionally organized each year by City Volunteers between 15/07/2010 –
22/07/2010.
A total of 97 children attended the zoo visit made on 03-04.08.2010.
26 children registered to Children Center, 17 parents and 2 personnel attended the Blue Tor Public Trips in the Gulf on 06/08/2010.
44 families registered to Children Center were given 44 food packages from the aid package distributed during Ramadan.
“Emergency Aid and First Aid” seminar intended for the personnel of Children Center was held by Dr Nurten Türksoy who is commissioned at Sanitary
Affairs Department on 16/09/2010.
A total of 60 children registered at the children center participated basketball, volleyball, tennis and karate courses in the scope of the Büyükşehir
Belediyespor “Winter School” programme on 06/11/2010. Winter Schools will continue at weekends until 09.01.2011.
A seminar on “Mouth and Dental Health” was held by dentist İnci Güçüşten on 23/11/2010. A total of 120 children participated the seminars organized
at the Children Center Seminar Hall with the support of Chamber of Dentists due to Mouth and Dental Heath Week.
“World Children Rights “Programme organized by Children Rights Provincial Adults Committee was held on 26/11/2011 in Merinos Atatürk Congress
and Culture Center Orhangazi Hall. The children center attended the programme with the Children Center Chorus.
A seminar on “Children Rights in Islam” was held in Children center seminar hall on 29/11/2010. Seminar was given by Provincial Assistant Mufti Suzan
Yıldırım and 30 families participated.
On 30/11/2010 international news channel Euronews which was reporting news on the EU projects shouted a programme at the Children Center.
Children center continues it activities with 1 sociologist, 1 Child Development Expert, 1 Computer Operator, 1 Nurse, 2 Cleaning Personnel, 5 Security
Personnel.
0104
9.4. Family and Adult Services
The aim is to protect the entirety of the family and to improve social welfare, enforcement of potential of the adults to become an individual and to
enable their social alignments and protection, support and reinforcement
against economical, social, cultural and physiological problems.
9.4.1. WOMEN’S SHELTER PROJECT
Women Shelter construction made with the cooperation of Ministry of Internal Affairs and General Directorate of Local Administrations is completed. Furnishing process continues. The secrecy and being kept confidential of the building which was established in Bursa/Nilüfer District is so
important.
Target of the project;
1. Component: Construction of eight separate women shelters projected
to serve at best conditions in eight cities (Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Eskişehir, Gaziantep, İstanbul, İzmir, Samsun).
2. Component: Monitoring the manufacturing process of constructions
3. Component: Furnishing of the women shelters in a manner to meet the
needs of the women and children who will live there.
4. Component: “Project for Improvement of Protection Services Intended
for Women”: Commissioning the shelters which are ready to operate with
the special trained personnel, improvement of sheltering services intended for women in aforementioned cities and to improve delicacy of the
public.
0105
Parties of the Project;
Women Shelter Project is executed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of Local Administrations with the financial support of European
Union and technical support of United Nations Population Fund.
The architectural project was realised by the Ministry of Internal Affairs by receiving consultancy from United Nations Population Fund and three women
associations specialized on women consultancy center’s and women shelter services. Tender for construction was realized by Under secretariat of Treasury, Central Finance and Contracts Unit. “Improvement of Protection Services Intended for Women Project” which is the fourth component of the project
is executed by the Project Coordination Unit constituted by United Nations Population Fund – UNFPA. This Coordination Unit is commissioned in Ankara
at the Ministry of Internal Affairs head office. All the organizations offering services intended for women who suffer from violence shall benefit from the
educations to be given in the scope of the project.
Duration and Budget of the Project;
Total budget of the Women Shelter Project. is 11,8 million Euro. Approximately 20% of this budget intended for construction, building audits and furnishings is allocated from the budget of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Project Partners;
The project is executed by the General Directorate of Local Administrations and Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa with the financial support of European
Union. Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa shall be responsible for the operation of Women Guesthouse.
Services given by the Women Shelter with a capacity of 20 women (also children can accommodate, the number of children is not included in the given
figure)
1. Health Services
2. Feeding Services
3. Social Welfare Services
4. Personal care Services
5. Psycho-Social Support Services
6. Socio-Cultural Services
7. Preschool Education Services
8. Guidance and Consultancy Services
9. Educational Services (Reading-Writing-Vocational Education etc),
10. Security Services
11. Monitoring and Assessment
0106
9.4.2.Shelter House Service:
Such like every year, in November 2010 a women shelter was put into service at the Refectory next to Former Rural Services Provincial Building on the
highway to Ankara by the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa intended for
the accommodation of our citizens who are homeless and aggrieved at the
streets. All kinds of support are granted for meeting the daily requirements
of individuals at the women shelter which shall serve till the end of winter.
220 persons benefited from the shelter house and 178 persons stay in the
shelter for the time being. The service is given 24 hours a day with 1 ambulance, 1 private car, and 23 personnel being 1 shelter house responsible, 1
worker, 1 nurse, 12 security personnel, 6 cleaning personnel, 1 municipal
police at the shelter house. The shelter house which operated from December 2009 till March 2010 last year served 477 persons.
0107
10. SECURITY
10.1. CRIME AND VIOLENCE
Various measurements are taken to prevent crime and violence. The existing
rate may be reduced with studies to diminish the psychological factors and
awareness educations and the welfare and security of the society may be
improved. The below table indicates the 2009 data concerning the types of
crime and violence cases in Bursa. When those data are considered, it is seen
that the rate of crimes against property is high. It may be possible to reduce
crime and violence by eliminating the impairments of economical conditions
and inequalities of income distribution
Table 10.1. Distribution According to Type of Crime in Bursa (2009)
Crimes against property
13999
Crimes against individuals
15751
Crimes against society
3888
Crimes against nation and state
533
Crimes to be followed -up
6901
GENERAL TOTAL
41072
Reference: Provincial Directorate of Security
10.2. DISASTERS
Between2005-2009; there were 19.088 fire and salvage cases reported in
Bursa. 5085 of those are bushfires set by unidentified persons on purpose
and 1989 of them are solid waste fires (intended for destruction)
0108
Graphic 10.1. Fire Statistics for Bursa between 2005 -2009 / Reference: Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Fire Department
Kaynak: Bursa Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı İtfaiye Dairesi Başkanlığı
10.3. Traffic Accidents
10.2 Traffic accidents and outcomes in Bursa (Fatal, Injurious accidents)
Total
Traffic Officers Gendarmerie
3879
3112
767
Total
Traffic Officers
Gendarmerie
Total
Traffic Officers
Gendarmerie
132
90
42
5991
4787
1204
Reference: Turkish Statistical Institution, adapted from Traffic Accident Statistics, Highway publication
10.3 Dead, injured drivers and passengers and pedestrians in Bursa according to gender ( Fatal, injurious, material damage accidents, 2008)
Total accidents
Fatal accidents
Injurious accidents
Material damage
accidents
Number of death
Number of
injured
Number of
death
Number of
injured
41790
78
3034
38678
90
4787
37
1806
10.4. Traffic accidents and outcomes according to settlement in Bursa (Fatal, injurious accidents]
Total
Bursa
In-site
Off-site
Number of acci-
Number
Number of
Number of
Number
Number of
Number of
Number
Number of
dents
death
injured
accidents
death
injured
accidents
death
injured
3112
90
4787
2583
45
3677
529
45
1110
0109
Section III
0110
RESULT AND ASSESSMENT
Bursa is a city which has a fast growth rate of population. The rate of population below 15 and over 65 years old which we call “dependent population” to the total population is 30,6%.The population has a dynamic
structure for it being a city which receives migration. The assessments
made by years indicate an evident reduction in the rate of fertility.
Growth of the population mainly due to migration brings economical and
social problems to the forefront. A decrease in the rate of infant and child
mortality can be seen by years. “Other types of cardiac diseases” is ranked in the first place for reasons of death. The population per physician
in Bursa is 720. An increase in the total number of beds is seen by years.
An improvement, may be not sufficient, is observed during the monitoring of pregnant, babies, children and women aged between 15-49 years
old. The outcomes of the family physician system will be examined at the
next profile. Immunization rates are not at desired levels. Family physician system which is said to give importance to personal protective services is expected to increase this level. Health service planning intended
for emigrant societies shall be made. Data concerning substance-use are
insufficient in our city. A board consisting of all the establishments in the
city was formed for this purpose and efforts to prepare the profile of al the
youth living in the city are launched.
It is required to increase the number of sports facilities which enable
participation of all the society. Disabled citizens shall be determined
and their opportunities for education, working and decarceration shall be
improved. Efforts shall be made to maintain and increase the number of
courses opened.
As can be understood from the evaluations that Bursa has a structure
which benefits sophisticated transportation opportunities such as land,
air, sea and rail transportation. However, it is so crucial to complete the
study which will plan the short, mid and long term strategies and developments of this transportation within the frame of “Transportation Master Plan”. In this sense, it is known that Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa
gave a start to its studies on “Transportation master Plan” with 2030 projections.
It is inevitable that the planning and development activities of this city
which incorporates many characteristics such as illegal settlements
which is a result of rapid migrations, the richness’s of historical, cultural
heritage and natural values and being one of the most important industrial regions in Turkey, shall be prepared taking those into consideration. It
is seen that the planning activities in Bursa are fulfilled with a hierarchic,
participative and systematic approach according to the urban development and strategically development objectives of the city.
The earthquake which happened in 1999 in our country revealed the importance to make the urban planning’s in order to increase the resistance
of settlements and to reduce the risk of disasters, effective use of natural
sources and sustenance of ecological, economical and social sustainability and the necessity to make the urban planning’s to involve renewals.
Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa plans the city with an upper scale
planning process which will include all these approaches.
Urban transformation practices intended to improve the economical, social, physical and environmental conditions ah the illegally settled and
impaired urban areas with exhaustive and integrated approaches, improvement and urban renewal activities intended for the revival of cultural
heritage shall be fulfilled.
Subjects such as environmental pollution control, waste management,
clean water supply, sustainable transportation, access to health services, preservation of historical environment, employment, access to recreational and social services, security which are among the characteristics to become a healthy city were approached within the scope of this
profile. Improvement on all the issues directly concerned with health is
crucial for the development of living conditions in Bursa.
Bursa which is above the Turkey averages in terms of urbanization, annual growth rate of population, ratio of employees in the industry to the
total employment, is an industrialized city which contributes to Turkish
economy with its strong economy and employment capacity.
It is so important that the city develops in the scope of a healthy urban
planning frame for becoming a healthy city.
Bursa which is among the important cities in terms of tourism potential
and variety; is a tourism city which has a promising future with winter
tourism, health tourism, religious tourism, historical and cultural tourism,
tableland tourism and sea tourism. It is a city of agriculture with its unique nature and inherent products.
Bursa has a long history of planning. The natural values it has, caused
Bursa to be under spotlights throughout the history and to receive intensive migration during the urbanization period. Within the frame of
1/100000 scale Environment Plan prepared in a participative process in
1998, it was foreseen to preserve and use the natural sources within the
principles of sustainable development.
In brief, Bursa is a developing city. Tradition and future is melt down in the
same pot. It develops by realizing its changes. The developments in Bursa, the current status of the city, health policies and restructuring efforts
require the development of an integrated development and health policy.
Therefore, this City Health Profile shall make remarkable contributions to
make Bursa a healthier and a habitable city.
0111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We hereby present our acknowledgements for their contribution for the preparation this profile.
• Governorship of Bursa Provincial Directorate of Health
• Governorship of Bursa Provincial Directorate of Security
• Governorship of Bursa Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism
• Bursa Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BTSO)
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Social Services Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Municipal Police Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Cultural and Social Affairs Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Fire Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Transportation Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Research and Projects Department
• Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Environmental protection and Monitoring Department
• Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyespor Club
• General Directorate of Bursa Water and Sewage Works Administration (BUSKİ)
• Bursa Şehir içi Doğalgaz Dağıtım Ticaret Ve Taahhüt A.Ş.(BURSAGAZ)
• General Directorate of Bursa Ulaşım-Toplu Taşım İşletmeliği San. ve Tic. A.Ş. (BURULAŞ)
0112
REFERENCES
1. http://www.bto.org.tr/sunular/30122009rapor.pdf, date of access: 17.01.2011
2. Social Services and Disadvantageous Persons in Bursa: Supply, Demand and Need / Social, Economical and Spatial Aspects
3. Data obtained from Bursa Provincial Directorate of Health
9. Data obtained from Bursa Provincial Directorate of Security
10. Data obtained from Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, Cultural and Social Affairs Department
11. Data obtained from Bursa Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism
12. Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, City Health Profile and Health City Indicators, 2005
13. Data obtained from Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, Social Services Department
14. Data obtained from Bursa Provincial Directorate of Security
15. Data obtained from Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa, Fire Department
16. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) internet website http://www.tuik.gov.tr, Date of access: 17.01.2011
17. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) Tourism Statistics,2009
18. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) Sports Statistics, 2007
19. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) National Education Statistics Common Education 2008/’09
20. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) Death Statistics, City and District Centers,2008
21. Ministry of Health Health Statistics Almanac, 2008
22. Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) Census Results (2009))
23. State Planning Organisation, Domestic Migrations and Qualities of Emigrants in Turkey 1965-2000; TUİK
24. General Census Results for 2000, Turkish Statistical Institution, www.tuik.gov.tr, Date of access: 17.01.2011
25. Bursa Provincial Directorate of Health internet website: http://www.bsm.gov.tr/, Date of access: 17.01.2011
26. Bursa Chamber of Physicians website www.bto.org.tr, date of access: 17.01.2011
27. http://www.saglik.gov.tr, date of access: 17.01.2011
28. http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa, date of access: 17.01.2011
29. http://www.bursa.bel.tr/?baslik=bursa-tarihi&bolum=sayfa&id=514, date of access: 17.01.2011
30. Turkish Statistical Institution (TUİK) Migration Statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?tb_id=38&ust_id=11, Date of Access: 17.01.2011
31. Domestic Migration Integration Project (İGEP) Supply, Demand and Need Assessment Report
32. From Prussia to Bursa, Silk City of Civilization, 3.rd edition, İstanbul, December 2006
0113
Etüd Projeler Daire Başkanlığı
Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Acemler Yerleşkesi B Blok K:1 Osmangazi / BURSA / TURKEY
Tel : 0224 234 00 87 - 253 23 99
Fax : 0224 235 34 70
www.bursa.bel.tr
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Bursa City Health Profile 2011

Transcription

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