Shape evolution and sexual dimorphism in the mandible of the dire

Transcription

Marshall University
Marshall Digital Scholar
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
2014
Shape evolution and sexual dimorphism in the
mandible of the dire wolf, Canis Dirus, at Rancho la
Brea
Alexandria L. Brannick
[email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd
Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Paleontology Commons
Recommended Citation
Brannick, Alexandria L., "Shape evolution and sexual dimorphism in the mandible of the dire wolf, Canis Dirus, at Rancho la Brea"
(2014). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 804.
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and
Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected].
SHAPE EVOLUTION AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE
MANDIBLE OF THE DIRE WOLF, CANIS DIRUS, AT
RANCHO LA BREA
A thesis submitted to
the Graduate College of
Marshall University
In partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science
in
Biological Sciences
by
Approved by
Dr. F. Robin O’Keefe, Committee Chairperson
Dr. Julie Meachen
Dr. Paul Constantino
Marshall University
May 2014
©2014
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank my advisor, Dr. F. Robin O’Keefe, for all of his help with this project, the many
scientific opportunities he has given me, and his guidance throughout my graduate education. I
thank Dr. Julie Meachen for her help with collecting data from the Page Museum, her insight and
advice, as well as her support. I learned so much from Dr. O’Keefe and Dr. Meachen over the
past 2 years, and for that I am so grateful. I also thank Dr. Paul Constantino for raising questions
that I had not considered, as well as for his suggestions for my thesis. I would also like to thank
University of California Museum of Paleontology at Berkeley, specifically Pat Holroyd, and The
George C. Page Museum, specifically John Harris, Chris Shaw, Aisling Farrell, and Gary
Takeuchi, for allowing Dr. O’Keefe, Dr. Meachen, and I to collect data from the dire wolf
specimens used in this project and for their assistance. I also thank Dr. H. David Sheets for his
assistance using the IMP programs, including pcagen_7a. I thank the Graduate College for the
Marshall University Summer Thesis Award and the Marshall University Drinko Research
Fellowship to FRO for funding towards this project. I also thank all of the graduate students of
the Biological Sciences, specifically Elise Edwards, Lyndsay Rankin, Mark DeBlois, Derek
Breakfield, and Kelli Herrick for their support, encouragement, and their willingness to listen
and give feedback on “practice talks” and my work. Finally, I thank my parents, my sisters, and
Mike Black for the enormous support system they have provided me, as well as for always
encouraging me to follow my dreams.
iii
ABSTRACT
The Rancho La Brea tar pits are a classic fossil lagerstätten, famous for the deposition of
episodic accumulations of large numbers of fossils over short intervals in the late Pleistocene. I
analyzed 157 Canis dirus (dire wolf) hemi-mandibles from Rancho La Brea through a 2D
landmark-based morphometric analysis to test for size and shape changes through time. I scored
16 landmarks on each mandible gathered from four pits of different ages: 61/67 (~13-14
thousand years ago [ka]), 13 (~17-18 ka), 2051 (~26 ka), and 91 (~28 ka). Analyses indicate size
does change through time, and shares a broad correlation with climate change. A principal
components analysis revealed shape variables also fluctuated from pit to pit. Other
environmental effects, such as competition, nutritional stress, and prey-preference, may also vary
through time. These effects, along with climate, must be considered in determining the
causalities of the size and shape changes we see in the dire wolf jaws. In addition, some sexually
dimorphic signals are also distinguishable among the mandibles, and are similar to those seen in
the extant gray wolf (Canis lupus).
iv
CONTENTS
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….. iv
Chapter 1, Introduction……..……………………………………………………………………. 1
Background……………………………………………………………………………. …1
The Origin of Dogs……………………………………………………………………. …2
The Family Canidae………………………………………………………………….... …3
The Dire Wolf………………………………………………………………………..... ..10
Canis dirus and Canis lupus……………………………………………………………..11
Morphological Changes and the Environment………………………………………......12
Study Design…………………………………………………………………………… 14
Chapter 2, Landmark-Based Shape and Size Analyses………………………………………… 18
Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………………. .18
Results………………………………………………………………………………….. .21
Discussion………………………………………………………………………………..26
Chapter 3, Sexual Dimorphism and Allometry…………………………………………………. 33
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………33
Materials and Methods………………………………………………………………….. 36
Results…………………………………………………………………………………....39
Discussion………………………………………………………………………………..46
Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………………………..53
Appendixes………………………………………………………………………………………68
Appendix A: Letter from Institutional Review Board…………………………………...68
Appendix B: List of Specimens, Procrustes Coordinates and Distances………………...69
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background
The end of the Pleistocene epoch (2.6-0.01 Ma) saw numerous, extreme fluctuations in
global climate, as well as the demise of many genera of large mammals (Barnosky et al., 2003;
Rahmstorf, 2003; Barnosky et al., 2004; Koch and Barnosky, 2006). The causality of these
global extinctions are contentious, but some combination of climate change and overkill by
humans is the current consensus (Koch and Barnosky, 2006; Gill et al., 2009; MacDonald et al.,
2012; Guthrie, 2006; Nogues-Bravo et al., 2008). Analyzing the structure of the fossil
communities leading up to the end Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions may allow for clearer
interpretations of the causalities of these extinctions.
The Rancho La Brea tar pits are located in Los Angeles, California. They are famous for
the deposition of episodic accumulations of large numbers of fossils during the terminal
Pleistocene (Stock and Harris, 1992). These asphaltic seeps range in age from ~50,000-10,000
years ago (O’Keefe et al., 2009). The pits formed when Paleogene oil deposits migrated to the
surface and formed open pools where plants and animals became entrapped. The open seeps
were then covered by alluvial sediments (Quinn, 1992; Frisca et al., 2008; O’Keefe et al., 2009).
Radiocarbon dating has provided depositional time frames for each pit, and the foundation of a
climate correlation to these times of deposition. The La Brea tar pits are exceptional and offer an
important opportunity to study fossil communities through dramatically varying Pleistocene
climates (Stock and Harris, 1992; Meachen et al., 2014; O’Keefe et al., 2014).
Carnivores are found in high proportions in the pits at Rancho La Brea; a ratio of 10
carnivores for every 1 herbivore, the opposite of what is seen in nature and at most fossil sites
1
(Stock and Harris, 1992; Binder and Van Valkenburgh, 2010). This disparity is due to the
method of entrapment at the tar pits, where one herbivore became mired in the tar and attracted a
large number of carnivores, which then became mired themselves. Carbone et al. (2009)
suggested a carcass domination scenario, where large, social carnivores were more likely to
become entrapped due to greater attraction to the sights and sounds of easy prey and the
willingness to challenge other predators for this opportunity. A recent study supported this
hypothesis by reporting significantly higher social carnivoran abundance at Rancho La Brea in
comparison to the fauna of Southern California and North America as a whole (McHorse et al,
2012). The most common species at Rancho La Brea is the dire wolf, Canis dirus (Leidy, 1854),
an extinct wolf species endemic to North and South America (Dundas, 1999). The dire wolf
comprises over 50 % of the relative abundance of carnivorans at Rancho La Brea (McHorse et
al., 2012). Because of the large numbers of dire wolf fossils, and the radiocarbon dating of each
pit, C. dirus is an excellent species for the examination of shape over time at Rancho La Brea.
The dire wolf is classified as a carnivoran within the family Canidae (Tedford et al., 2009), and it
will be the focus species of this project.
The Origin of Dogs. The order Carnivora appeared in the early Paleocene (65-60 Ma) and
encompasses a great diversity of mammalian lineages, including 11 extant families (Van
Valkenburgh, 2007). The first true carnivorans, diagnosed by the presence of derived teeth called
carnassials, reside in the extinct family Viverravidae, and spread throughout most of the world
during the early Tertiary. Determining this lineage as a progenitor for later carnivorans,
including the families Felidae and Hyaenidae, has remained controversial (Polly et al., 2006;
Wang and Tedford, 2008). Fossil remains of viverravids are rare, and gaps in the fossil record
complicate reconstructions of phylogenetic relationships. Evidence of plesiomorphic
2
characteristics within the auditory bulla of Viverravus acutus place viverravids outside of crowngroup Carnivora, indicating this family probably did not give rise to the extant members of this
order. The family Miacidae, another ancient lineage of early carnivorans, is thought to be the
ancestor of many, if not all, modern families within Carnivora (Polly et al., 2006; Heinrich et al.,
2008). The earliest known miacids of North America have been excavated from northwestern
Wyoming basins and are of early Eocene in age, while coeval miacid remains have also been
found in Europe (Heinrich et al., 2008; Smith and Smith, 2010). Miacids also possessed
carnassial teeth, indicating their inclusion in Carnivora, but their dental adaptations were more
generalized than those of viverravids (Wang and Tedford, 2008). The family Miacidae gave rise
to species classified with the family Canidae, which also has North American origins (Wang and
Tedford, 2008).
The Family Canidae. The family Canidae is composed of three subfamilies-Hesperocyoninae,
Borophaginae, and Caninae. Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae are completely comprised of
extinct species, while Caninae is the only canid subfamily with modern members, as well as
extinct taxa. Hesperocyonines are the most ancient of all canids, first appearing in the late
Eocene (~36 Ma). The oldest member of this subfamily is Prohesperocyon wilsoni, and retains
features of both miacids and canids; characteristics of the basicranium, including the presence of
the tympanic bulla, indicate that this transitional species is a member of Canidae (Wang, 1994;
Wang and Tedford, 2008; Lyras, 2009). P. wilsoni is only known from one skull and lower jaw
and is interpreted as the earliest canid from which the entire family may be derived.
Hesperocyonine diversity was at its highest during the Oligocene epoch (Figure 1). The genus
Hesperocyon is particularly important, since later members separately gave rise to the other two
3
subfamilies of Canidae (Figure 2). This lineage persisted into the early Miocene, with
Ectopocynus simplicidens as the terminal species.
Borophagines are often termed “hyaenoid dogs” because some species possess
adaptations to bone crushing (durophagy) that evolved convergently with those of hyenas
(Tseng and Wang, 2011). However, not all borophagines were specialized for durophagy;
hypocarnivores, mesocarnivores, and hypercarnivores are all included within this clade (Van
Valkenburgh et al., 2003). The borophagines were confined to the North American continent and
contain 66 species-the largest of all Canidae subfamilies (Wang et al., 1999; Van Valkenburgh et
al., 2003). The first borophagines appeared in in the middle Oligocene and were small in size.
This lineage persisted until ~ 2 Ma (Wang and Tedford, 2008), reaching their highest diversity
~16 Ma when 16 species roamed North America (Figure 1; Van Valkenburgh et al., 2003). A
tendency towards a larger body size and increased hypercarnivory (and eventually durophagy)
evolved within the lineage through time. As hesperocyonines, the top predators of the time,
became extinct, more carnivorous niches became available to borophagines; early borophagines
appear more omnivorous during the reign of the previous subfamily (Wang et al., 1999; Van
Valkenburgh et al., 2003). The largest canid to have ever lived, Epicyon, lived throughout
western North America during the Miocene (Figure 3). Epicyon had an enlarged lower forth
premolar, indicating bone cracking abilities. This feature is also seen in its descendant, the
terminal genus of this subfamily, Borophagus. Borophagus also had other adaptations to assist in
bone cracking, including a domed forehead and short snout (Tseng and Wang, 2010; Wang and
Tedford, 2008; Anyonge and Baker, 2006).
4
Figure 1. Diversity of the three subfamilies of Canidae at the species level per unit of time (1 Ma). Only North
American taxa are included for Caninae. The expansion of diversity in succeeding subfamilies near the extinction
of preceding clades is evident. Modified from Tedford et al. (2009).
5
Canines, comprising all members of the subfamily Caninae, arose in the early Oligocene
alongside Borophaginae in North America (Figure 3). The Hesperocyon lineage within
Hesperocyonidae gave rise to the first primitive, fox-sized canine species, Leptocyon (Figure 2).
While Borophaginae and Caninae both possess carnassials with bicuspid talonid basins,
Leptocyon differed from borophagines by having longer jaws with premolars separated by gaps
(borophagine premolars are large without gaps). This initial canine genus has a suite of
pleisomorphic characteristics, especially within dental features, when compared to later canines
(Tedford et al., 1995; Wang and Tedford, 2008). All later canines evolved from Leptocyon,
including the vulpine (fox) lineage. An important member of the Caninae line is Eucyon-the
middle Miocene canid that gave rise to the genus Canis. Eucyon, along with Canis and later
derived genera, are separate from the South America subtribe of Cerdocyonia and create the
subtribe Canina (both subtribes are within the tribe Canini); Cerdocyonia phylogenetically stands
between the subtribe Canina and the vulpine tribe, Vulpini. The subtribe Canina is
morphologically distinct from its close relatives in South America in sharing two particular
features: a strongly arched zygomatic arch and a second posterior cusp on the lower forth
premolar (Tedford et al., 2009).
6
Figure 2. Cladogram of Canidae. The gray box displays a more detailed cladogram of the genus Canis. Modified from
Tseng and Wang (2011) and Tedford et al. (2009). Data for the cladogramss are from Wang (1994), Wang et al. (1999),
Eucyon
davisi appeared in North America ~7 Ma (late Miocene), and expanded its range
and Tedford
et al (2009).
Eucyon davisi appeared in North America ~7 Ma (late Miocene), and expanded its range
into Eurasia ~6-5 Ma through the use of the Beringian land bridge. Eucyon disappeared in North
7
America in the early Pliocene (~5 Ma), but persisted in Asia until ~3 Ma. Eucyon in Eurasia
expanded in Africa and radiated into other Eurasian species (Figure 3). The genus Canis arose
from North American Eucyon ~6 Ma, about the same time Eucyon radiated across the world
(Wang and Tedford, 2008). It took almost 2 million years for Canis to invade Asia; the first
immigrant to arrive was C. chihliensis. From this initial stock of species that migrated into the
Old World, Canis continued to expand its range, radiate within the genus, and give rise to other
genera (Xenocyon, which then gave rise to Cuon [dhole] and Lycaon [African hunting dog])
(Tedford et al., 1995; Tedford et al., 2009; Wang and Tedford, 2008).
Of particular importance to Canis dirus evolution is Canis armbrusteri. Although C.
armbrusteri fossils have been found only in North America and appear suddenly on this
continent in the early Pleistocene (~1.5 Ma), it has been suggested that this wolf immigrated
from Asia. This wolf is of a large size compared with contemporaneous species of Canis, and
predates the appearance of wolf-sized canines in Europe; it is also the first wolf-sized species
within the subtribe Canina to appear in North America. However, C. chihliensis is a large canine
of the late Pliocene found in China and is a sister taxon to the Holartic and North American
Canis lupus (the gray wolf, European origin; Figure 2). Because there are a number of
similarities among C. armbrusteri, C. lupus, and C. dirus (the dire wolf, endemic to North and
South America), extensive research on the phylogenetic relationships between these three species
has been performed (Tedford et al., 2009). It has been suggested that C. armbrusteri is a
descendant of the C. chihliensis lineage, while the dire wolf arose from C. armbrusteri after its
immigration into the New World (Figures 2 and 3; Tedford et al., 2009; Wang and Tedford,
2008).
8
Figure 3. The phylogenetic relationship between the three subfamilies, as well as some selected genera.
Migration directions are also displayed by the arrows. The widths of the clades roughly correlate to the
diversity of the clade through time. Modified from Wang and Tedford (2008).
9
The Dire Wolf
The dire wolf was one of the last Pleistocene species to disappear during the megafaunal
extinctions, with radiocarbon dates of Rancho La Brea specimens dating as late as 9850 ± 550
BP (Marcus and Berger, 1984). Furthermore, specimens from other sites date as recently as
8,200 ± 260 BP (Hester, 1960). The oldest record of dire wolf fossils are from the Sheridan Beds
of Sheridan County, Nebraska and are late Irvington in age (~ 1 Ma). There are other late
Irvington sites in Nebraska and California that contain dire wolf material, however, the Sheridan
beds are considered to predate the others (Tedford et al., 2009). There are a number of
autapomorphies distinguishing this species from other canines, with the majority being dental
characteristics indicating a hypercarnivorous diet (Tedford et al., 2009). The dire wolf is largely
of Rancholabrean age, and went extinct during the terminal Pleistocene (~10 Ka) along with
many other megafaunal species (Tedford et al., 2009; Wang and Tedford, 2008; Dundas, 1999).
Canis dirus is documented from over 120 sites in North and South America. Although
suggestions of a South American origin have been proposed (Dundas, 1999), most researchers
agree that the dire wolf arose in North America due to the abundance of northern localities and
synapomorphies shared with C. armbrusteri (Tedford et al., 2009). Most fossil localities are
located within the lower 48 states of the USA, but a few sites have been found to contain dire
wolf material in southern Alberta, Canada and the north and west coasts of South America
(Dundas, 1999; Tedford et al., 2009).
The dire wolf is the largest canine (extant and extinct) known within the genus Canis.
While Van Valkenburgh and Koepfli (1993) estimated the mass of the dire wolf to be 50 kg from
regressions of skull length and head-body length against body weight for extant carnivores, a
more recent study by Anyonge and Roman (2006) estimated a heavier mass based on least-
10
squares and reduced-major-axis regression models for five measurements of the femur; they
estimated an average body mass of 60kg for western dire wolves (those specimens studied from
localities in California and Mexico; synonymous with Canis dirus guildayi [Kúrten 1984]) and
68kg for the eastern dire wolf (those specimens studied from localities in Texas, Florida, and
Missouri; synonymous with Canis dirus dirus [Kúrten 1984]). Probably the most well-known
fossils of western Pleistocene dire wolves are the exceptional remains from the Rancho La Brea
tar pits in Los Angeles, CA (Stock and Harris, 1992).
Canis dirus and Canis lupus. The closest extant relative of the dire wolf is the gray wolf, Canis
lupus. The gray wolf appeared in Eurasia ~1 million years ago and migrated to North America
~750,000 years ago; migrations to North America have occurred at least three times based on
morphological data and biogeographical reconstruction. C. lupus and C. dirus cohabitated in
North America for ~400,000 years (Figure 3; Paquet and Carbyn, 2003; Chambers et al., 2012).
However, C. lupus was relatively rare in North America until the Pleistocene extinction and the
demise of C. dirus (Dundas, 1999). The two wolf species are similar morphologically, and there
is evidence for behavioral similarity, making C. lupus an excellent model for the dire wolf
(Anyonge and Baker, 2006). For example, C. dirus and C. lupus share four specific
synapomorphies in cranial and dental structures, including frontal sinuses that extend to the
frontoparietal suture (Tedford et al., 2009). Previous studies on craniofacial measurements
suggest that the two species are not significantly different in most indices related to cranial
proportions and jaw musculature, indicating similar feeding and killing behavior between the
gray wolf and dire wolf (Van Valkenburgh, 2007; Anyonge and Baker, 2006; Biknevicius and
Van Valkenburgh, 1996). However, C. dirus has a larger dentition, including a more massive
carnassial blade (Anyonge and Baker, 2006). C. dirus also has broader zygomatic arches and
11
relatively longer temporal fossae which suggest a slightly larger bite force from more massive
temporalis muscles (Biknevicius and Van Valkenburgh, 1996; Anyonge and Baker, 2006). This,
in addition to larger, rounded canines, reveals that the dire wolf may have been able to resist the
struggling of larger prey (Van Valkenburgh and Ruff, 1987).
Both species probably lived in packs, and display cursorial hunting adaptations to a
hypercarnivorous diet comprised primarily of ungulates (Fox-Dobbs et al., 2007). Both species
have been classified as hypercarnivores specializing in large prey based on linear discriminant
analysis of mandibular morphology (Meloro, 2011). Killing strategies do not include using their
limbs to grapple with prey or delivering a precise, fatal kill bite, unlike felids including Smilodon
fatalis (Van Valkenburgh and Sacco, 2002; Meachen-Samuels, 2012). Instead, wolves work in
groups, with some wolves holding down the prey item, while others make the kill (Van
Valkenburgh, 2007). Both species have the ability to use postcarnassial molars for crushing bone
and gaining access to marrow, but are not habitual bone crushers like some hyaenids (Anyonge
and Baker, 2006). Body mass estimates indicate that the dire wolf was larger than the gray wolf,
but analysis of an extinct Pleistocene gray wolf ecomorph of eastern-Beringia shows possible
convergence on dire wolf morphology due to the dire wolf’s absence in this region, and thus
decreased competition with another, larger species (Anyonge and Roman, 2006; Leonard et al.,
2007). Although there are some differences between C. dirus and C. lupus, the gray wolf remains
the best modern analog for interpreting behavior and morphological variation in Canis dirus.
Morphological Variation and the Environment. A recent study has demonstrated significant
geographic variation in shape and size in gray wolves (O’Keefe et al, 2013). Gray wolves follow
Bergmann’s Rule, an ecological trend stating that body size increases with increasing latitude
and decreasing temperature (Jolicoeur, 1959; Skeel and Carbyn, 1977; Blackburn et al., 1999;
12
O’Keefe et al., 2013). However, recent work has suggested that size differences in gray wolves
are related to resource availability rather than surface to volume ratio, as was originally
suggested by Bergmann’s rule (Geist, 1987; McNab, 2010). Although Bergmann’s rule is
predominantly seen as a latitudinal trend, this pattern has also been applied temporally (Gardner,
2011).
While climate may influence overall body size, other environmental effects may also
impact the size and shape of canid mandibles. Because canids rely almost solely on their crania
in prey aquisition (Slater et al., 2009), mandibles should reflect functional changes in prey
capture. Functional changes may be induced by competition, prey availability, and preypreference change through time. Previous studies on dire wolf tooth breakage and wear show
fluctuations between high and low breakage and wear frequencies (Binder et al., 2002; Binder
and Van Valkenburgh, 2010; O’Keefe et al., 2014). High levels of breakage and wear have been
proposed to indicate increased inter- and intra-specific competition and/or nutrient stress
(decreased food availability) (O’Keefe et al., 2014; Binder et al., 2002; DeSantis et al. 2012).
Because breakage and wear data reflect environmental effects, it is worth testing whether
mandible shape also changes during times of food stress.
Increased nutrient stress may have an ontogenetic effect on growing wolves, resulting in
neotenic (more juvenile) characteristics. In mandibles, this would result in proportionally larger
teeth in comparison to the bony jaw (O’ Keefe et al., 2014). Examination of gray wolf
morphological variation reveals an identifiable late-stage ontogenetic axis and indicates that dire
wolf morphology may have a similar response (O’ Keefe et al., 2013; O’ Keefe et al., 2014).
Evolutionary impacts are also possible with increased nutrient stress. If episodes of stress were
long enough, mandibular morphology might adapt to increase bone-cracking and carcass
13
utilization abilities. These changes may include a shortening of the jaw and a deepening of the
corpus for a greater buttressing effect, as seen in hyenas (Tseng and Wang, 2010; Biknevicius
and Ruff, 1992). A combination of both ontogenetic and evolutionary effects is also possible if
periods of increased food stress were long.
In addition to size patterns, sexual dimorphism is detectable in gray wolf skulls. Although
levels of sexual dimorphism in canids are low, distinct characteristics are found in association
with size variation among the sexes of C. lupus (Van Valkenburgh and Sacco, 2002). Females
are smaller than males and have proportionally larger molars, whereas males have relatively
larger coronoid processes (O’Keefe et al., 2013; Milenkovic et al., 2010; O’Keefe et al., 2014;
Jolicoeur, 1975). These features should be identifiable in the dire wolf mandibles if these ancient
wolves displayed the same type of sexual dimorphism. In carnivores, larger species usually
display increased amounts of sexual dimorphism; it is possible that the dire wolf shared the same
sexually dimorphic characteristics as the gray wolf, but at an increased level (Meachen-Samuels
and Binder, 2010).
Study Design
The Rancho La Brea tar pits are an excellent locality for examining late Pleistocene fossil
communities. Each pit can be considered as a distinct depositional episode in the larger time
range of ~50,000-10,000 years ago. However, strictly constraining the range of deposition for
each pit has proven to be a challenge. O’Keefe et al. (2009) has provided a compilation of
calibrated ages for 10 pits from previous studies, as well as new radiocarbon dates. All
radiocarbon dates were generated from decalcified bone collagen taken from a variety of animal
species, or from woody plant species. Unfortunately, the number of dates available for most pits
is low, creating large spans of deposition for each pit (O’Keefe et al., 2009). The production of
14
more radiocarbon dates for each pit will allow for tighter constraints and more precise average
ages. For now, only broad interpretations of climate conditions for each pit may be made.
It is known, however, from North American climate records (North Greenland Ice Core
Project [NGRIP], 2004) that climate changes between glacial and interglacial periods are cyclic,
and they span time periods of different pit depositions; abrupt onsets of large amplitude warming
events, named Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events, were followed by more gradual cooling events
(Figure 4; Rahmstorf, 2003). These D-O events are on the order of 10 degrees C and can change
environments from glacial to interglacial in decades (Rahmstorf, 2003). At La Brea, both
temperature and aridity would increase rapidly during D-O events and effect plant and herbivore
communities. These effects would cascade up to carnivore groups (Meachen et al., 2014; O’
Keefe et al, 2014). Due to the radiocarbon dates that are available for the pits, it is known that
depositions include the Bølling-Allerød warming event, the Oldest Dryas cold interval, and the
Younger Dryas cool interval (Rahmstorf, 2003; O’ Keefe et al., 2009). The calibrated age of pit
61/67 (13-14 ka) is associated with the Bølling-Allerød warming event and is immediately prior
to extinctions coincident with the Younger Dryas event, making it a vital pit to study (O’ Keefe
et al., 2009; Koch and Barnosky, 2006; Kennett et al., 2008; O’ Keefe et al., 2014; Meachen et
al., 2014). Although pit depositions may span multiple climatic events, the shifts in climate are
important to consider when looking at changes within the fossil communities.
15
Figure 4. Climate data from NGRIP (2004). Depositions of pits in this study are highlighted, as well as
climatic events. Modified from O’Keefe et al. (2014).
This project focuses on analyzing dire wolf mandibles to determine if shape and size
remained static over time at Rancho La Brea. To test for change over time, shape and size in
Canis dirus hemi-mandibles from Rancho La Brea were analyzed in a 2D landmark-based
morphometric analysis. Mandibles gathered from four pits of different ages were included: 61/67
(~13-14 thousand years ago [ka]), 13 (~17-18 ka), 2051 (~26 ka), and 91 (~28 ka) (Meachen et
16
al., 2014). Size comparisons among pits are completed through an analysis of variance on
centroid size, while a principal components analysis is used to test if shape variables fluctuated
from pit to pit. If size change does occur, I will examine these fluctuations in relation to
Bergmann’s rule on a temporal scale. If dire wolves follow a temporal version of Bergmann’s
Rule, than we would expect to see the largest C. dirus specimens from pits with the coldest
climates. In addition to climate, other environmental effects, such as competition, nutritional
stress, and prey-preference, may also vary through time. These effects must be considered in
determining the causalities of changes we see in the dire wolf jaws.
Shape variations among pits will also be assessed. Using known morphological changes
in the gray wolf, Canis lupus, and their correlations to environmental factors may shed light to
possible causalities of changes seen in the dire wolf (O’Keefe et al., 2013). Sexually dimorphic
characteristics will also be evaluated while examining shape. Assuming that sexual dimorphism
does not vary over time, these signals should not segregate among pits. By examining how
morphology varies in this carnivore, insight into fluctuations in their paleoecology leading up to
its extinction and its responses to environmental pressures can be gained and may help decipher
possible causes for the dire wolf’s demise.
17
CHAPTER 2
LANDMARK-BASED SIZE AND SHAPE ANALYSES
Methods and Materials
Two-dimensional geometric morphometrics were used to analyze jaws of Canis dirus. I
analyzed 157 complete, adult C. dirus hemi-mandibles. Digital photographs were taken of the
labial side of specimens from pits 91(n = 22), 13 (n =36), and 61/67 ( n = 83) from the George C.
Page Museum Hancock Collection (LACMHC), and pit 2051 (n = 16) from the University of
California Museum of Paleontology at Berkeley (UCMP) (Table 1). Photos for pit 2051 were
taken by FRO and JAM, while photos for the 3other pits were taken by ALB and JAM. I
analyzed left hemi-mandibles only for all pits, except pit 2051, where only right hemi-mandibles
were examined. Only right hemi-mandibles were analyzed for pit 2051 due to higher sample size
for this side of the jaw in this pit. Specimens from pit 2051 were horizontally inverted, using
Adobe Photoshop CS2 v.9.0, before analysis. All specimens were laid flat and photographed
with a tripod-mounted Cannon EOS 30D 8.20-megapixel camera with a 5 cm scale-bar. While
camera angle and distance were held constant while photographing LACMHC specimens, scalebars present in photographs were used to properly size UCMP specimen images to LACMHC
specimen images in Adobe Photoshop CS2 v.9.0 before landmark digitization.
Table 1. Summary of the Canis dirus hemi-mandible material used in this study. Pit dates are in radiocarbon years
before present and are condensed from O'Keefe et al., 2009. See O’Keefe et al. (2009) and Meachen et al. (2014) for
calibration information. The pit ages here are mean ages in the windows of deposition.
Pit
Date (Kybp)
Number of Specimens (n)
91
≈ 23-28 calibrated kybp,
22
majority of dates 27-28 kybp
2051
≈ 21-30 calibrated kybp, mean
18
16
26 Kybp;
13
≈17-18 calibrated kybp
36
61/67
≈13-14 calibrated kybp
83
Sixteen homologous landmarks were digitized on each specimen using the program
tpsDig2 (Rohlf, 2013). Positions of landmarks were chosen to give a general outline of the
mandible and capture information of functional relevance (Meachen et al., 2014;Table 2, Figure
1). Landmarks on the tooth row were placed on alveolus so specimens with missing teeth could
be included in our dataset. However, presence of the lower carnassial tooth was required in order
to obtain landmark 5. Landmark 5 properly distinguishes the trigonid basin from the talonid
basin of this tooth. The alveolus of the carnassial does not accurately differentiate between these
basins, so the tooth itself must be present.
Table 2. Descriptions of the 16 homologous landmarks placed on Canis dirus hemi-mandibles; See Fig.1
1. Anterior edge of the canine at the alveolus.
2. Posterior edge of the canine at the alveolus. Together landmarks 1 & 2 will give the
anteroposterior width of the canine.
3. Anterior edge of p1 at the alveolus.
4. Posterior edge of the p4 at the alveolus. Together 3 & 4 will give the length of the premolar
arcade.
5. Point on alveolus directly below anterior edge of the talonid basin of the m1. Together
landmarks 4 & 5 will give the length of the shearing area of m1.
6. Alveolus of the posterior edge of m1. Together landmarks 5 & 6 will give the length of the
grinding area of m1.
7. Posterior edge of m2 at the alveolus. Together landmarks 5 &7 will give an estimate for the
grinding area
8. Anterior edge of the masseteric fossa. Disregard landmark movement in the coronal plane and
focus only movement in the anteroposterior plane.
9. Top edge of the coronoid process.
10. Point where the coronoid process meets the condyloid process. Together landmarks 8 & 10
give the total width of the masseteric fossa.
11. Posterior edge of the condyloid process. Together landmarks 1 & 11 give an estimate of the
total jaw length.
12. Posterior edge of the angular process.
19
13. Point where the ramus of the jaw moves from a horizontal plane to a vertical plane to the
angle of the jaw. Together landmarks 9 & 13 will give the height of the coronoid process.
14. Inferior edge of mandible, directly below landmark #6. When taken with landmark 6, gives
the height of the jaw in the coronal plane post m1 (Corpus Depth 3).
the height of the jaw in the coronal plane post p4 (Corpus Depth 2).
the height of the jaw in the coronal plane at the beginning of the premolar arcade (Corpus Depth
1).
Figure 1.Generic Canis dirus hemi-mandible in labial view. Locations of 16 landmarks are also shown. See
Table 2 for corresponding list and descriptions for landmark placement.
A Procrustes superimposition was performed on raw landmark x-y coordinates in
Morphologika. A set of new x-y coordinates, with rotation and translation between specimens
removed, was then used in further analyses (Zelditch et al., 2004). In order to determine if the
large sample size in pit 61/67 effected the resulting Procrustes coordinates, 30 specimens from
pit 61/67 (total of 104 specimens) were randomly selected using Microsoft EXCEL and
subjected to a Procrustes superimposition. This process was replicated 3 times. No significant
20
difference between the replicates and the original sample was detected; further analyses were
conducted using the original sample of all 157 total specimens. Centroid size, a scaling variable,
was also calculated, and provided a relative representation of mandible size for each specimen.
Since mandible size and overall body size in carnivorans have been shown to be highly
correlated (Figueirido et al., 2011), centroid size is used as a proxy for overall body size.
Differences in size between pit samples were determined through an analysis of variance
(ANOVA) on centroid size. Pairwise comparisons of centroid size means among pits were
conducted by Student’s T tests (Table 3).
A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the Procrustes coordinates in
order to investigate jaw shape variation within and among the pits sampled (Zelditch et al.,
2004). The PCA was run in pcagen7_14a (Sheets, 2005), as well as the program JMP. Principal
components were calculated from the covariance matrix of partial warp scores generated in
pcagen7_14a and JMP. PC axes were used as shape variables to describe variance in shape
among the specimens. Specimens were then identified by pit along each PC axis to evaluate
mandibular shape. Both a set of ANOVAs and Student’s T tests on the first four principal
component scores were used to determine significant shape differences among the pits.
Shape changes along PC axes were visualized as vectors of mean landmark positions
differences by 0.1 units in the positive direction (unless described otherwise). Pcagen7_14a was
used to create the landmark vectors. The vectors showed the relative direction and magnitude of
landmark displacement, allowing for a clearer interpretation of shape change along each PC axis.
Results
The ANOVA of centroid size showed that overall jaw size varied among the pits (Figure
2). Pit 61/67 displayed the largest size, but was only significantly larger than pit 2051 and 13.
21
The smallest jaw size was from pit 13, which was significantly smaller than all of the other pits.
Pit 91 did not differ from either pit 2051 or pit 61/67 (Table 3).
Table 3. Centroid size pairwise comparisons. Significance of pairwise comparisons was determined by Student’s T
tests, and is delineated by stars. See Figure 2.
Comparison 61/67-2051
61/67-13
61/67-91
13-91
2051-91
2051-13
Size
p<0.0001*
p<0.7950
p<0.0001*
p<0.01304
p<0.0062*
p<0.0412*
Figure 2. Plot of ANOVA of centroid size among pits. The red lines represent estimates of the mean for each pit.
Black lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Pit 13 has a significantly smaller overall body size in comparison to
the other three pits. Pits are arranged in chronological order, from oldest (left) to youngest (right).
22
Thirty-two principal components resulted from the PCA, with PCs 1-6 explaining 67.2%
of the variance (Table 4). While performing a PCA on the Procrustes coordinates should
minimize the effect of size on shape variables due to the removal of centroid size, size
significantly varied among the pits and should be taken into account when examining shape. For
example, knowing the correlation between size and a PC axis may alter the interpretation of that
axis and indicate a specific allometric relationship on that PC. The first and fourth principal
components are positively correlated with centroid size (p<0.001, R2=0.099 and p<0.0001,
R2=0.090, respectively), while PC 3 is negatively correlated with centroid size (p<0.0335,
R2=0.0288; Table 4). Principal component 2 is not correlated with centroid size.
Table 3. One-way ANOVAs of principal components by pit. The first four PCs are shown and account for 52.8% of
the variance. Regressions against centroid size are also shown
P
Percent
One-
Means,
61/67-
61/67-
C
Explain
way
T
13
91
ed
ANOVA 61/67-
Centroid
, by pit
2051
Size
F ratio
0.0157* 0.7741 <0.000
P
17.91
2051-
2051-
Regressio
91
13
n,
0.0001 <0.000
0.0171 F ratio
*
*
C
10.9195
I
p<0.000
p<0.0001
1*
*
F ratio
<0.000
0.0194 0.3131
C
6.8112
1*
*
II
p<0.000
P
13.02
1*
13-91
1*
17.1757
0.3995 0.0055* 0.0216 F ratio
*
1.6429
p<0.2018
2*
P
11.92
F ratio
0.9019
0.1412 0.2246
23
0.9920 0.4323
0.3856 F ratio
C
1.0209
4.6030
II
p<0.385
p<0.0335
I
2
*
P
9.92
F ratio
0.0533
0.0145 0.0366* 0.0003 0.0019* 0.8991 F ratio
C
5.8212
*
*
15.3336
IV
p<0.000
p<0.0001
9*
*
Principal component 1 (PC1) explains 17.9% of variance and is interpreted to represent
posterior jaw size increase. PC1 is also correlated with size. Dire wolves scoring high on the PC1
axis have a larger bony jaw, largely represented by vectors from landmarks 8-13, in relation to
the size of their teeth, represented by vectors from landmarks 1-7 (Figure 3). Negative values on
the PC1 axis indicate animals with small jaws relative to tooth size. Significant differences
among pits on PC1 were identified. Pit 91 significantly segregated from all other pits, as did pit
2051. Pits 13 and 61/67 were not different on PC1.
The second principal component (PC2) represents significant reorientation of the jaw.
PC2 explains 13% of the variance and also displays segregation among the pits. Negative
loading on PC2 is associated with two shape changes: 1) the coronoid process and posterior
portion of the jaw shifting both anteriorly and ventrally, in a counter-clockwise fashion, and 2)
the anterior portion of the jaw near the canine shifting posteriorly and dorsally in a clockwise
rotation (Figure 3). Positive loadings are associated with the anterior and posterior portions of
the jaw rotating away from each other. Pit 2051 differed of all other pits, displaying the highest
24
degree of the anterior and posterior portions of the jaw rotating in towards each other (most
negative PC 2 values). Pit 61/67 differentiated from pit 13 as well, with pit 13 displaying more
reorientation of the anterior and posterior portions of the jaw towards each other than 61/67.
However, pit 13 did not differ significantly from pit 91. A plot of the scores of the first two
principal components can be seen in Figure 3.
PC 2 Vectors
PC 1 Vectors
Figure 3. Plot of PC1 vs. PC2 scores. Crosses represent the mean pit score (center) and 95% confidence intervals. PC1
vector, shown on a landmark wireframe, are from the centroid in a positive direction, while PC2 vectors are from the
centroid in a negative direction. Colors associated with pit numbers are as follows: orange-61/67, red-13, blue-2051, and
green-91.
Principal component 3 (PC3) explains 11.9% of the variance and shows no significant
differences among pits. Negative loadings on PC3 are associated with increases in canine size
and length of the tooth row relative to the bony jaw. Molars shift together posteriorly, with a
25
slight decrease in size of the second molar. Positive loading are associated with decreases in
canine size and overall tooth row length (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Plot of PC1 vs. PC3 scores. Crosses represent the mean pit score (center) and 95% confidence
intervals. PC1 vector, shown on a landmark wireframe, are from the centroid in a positive direction, while
PC3 vectors are from the centroid in a negative direction. Colors associated with pit numbers are as follows:
orange-61/67, red-13, blue-2051, and green-91.
Principal component 4 (PC4) explains 9.9% of the variance and is correlated with size.
Positive values on PC4 are associated with slight increases in jaw and tooth row length. Negative
values are associated with a decrease in jaw size, especially the coronoid height, and a shift of
the molar arcade forward. On this axis, wolves from pit 91 are distinct from all other pits. Pit
26
61/67 differs from pit 13, but not 2051. Pit 13 and 2051 are not distinct. It is important to note
that the landmark 13 vector dominates this PC axis; this is relevant because the variance of this
landmark in the x-dimension regarding the Procrustes coordinates is a magnitude greater than
any other landmarks’ variance in the x or y dimension. The placement of landmark 13 is more
subjective, in the x-dimension, than any other landmark. However, landmark 13 still contributes
to size decrease with negative values on the x-axis. The variance of landmark 13 in the ydimension was similar to that of the other landmarks; this is important because the main purpose
of the landmark 13 was to acquire coronoid height in conjunction with landmark 9.
Discussion
Both size and shape in C. dirus change through time at Rancho La Brea, clearly showing
that some evolution is occurring. Mean jaw size, and therefore body size, averages vary from pit
to pit; the largest average body size occurs in pit 61/67, while wolves from pit 91 are only
marginally smaller than those from 61/67. Significantly smaller wolves are found in pit 13. By
examining NGRIP and GRIP climate records, we can begin to evaluate size and climate
relationships, such as a temporal Bergmann’s Rule (NGRIP, 2004). Pit 61/67 had the warmest
climate, overlapping in deposition with the Bølling-Allerød warm interval, while pit 13 was
deposited during a relatively cool interval near the last glacial maximum. According to NGRIP
data, pit 2051 represents the coldest interval of this sequence, while pit 91 is thought to be
associated with rapid warming events, labeled Dansgaard-Oeschger events. Specifically, pit 91 is
associated with D-O event 3 (Meachen et al., 2014; O’Keefe et al., 2014; Rahmstorf, 2003).
However, more precise dating of all of these pits, especially pits 61/67 and 13, will solidify these
correlations.
27
Bergmann’s rule, originally correlated with latitude, predicts mean body size to be larger
in areas of colder climates, while areas of warmer climates will have smaller mean body sizes
(Bergmann, 1874; O’Keefe et al., 2013). From the size changes seen here, it appears dire wolves
did not follow a temporal Bergmann’s rule. Instead, body size in relation to climate is opposite to
what Bergmann’s rule would have predicted; the colder pits (2051 and 13) display smaller body
sizes and the warmer pits (91 and 61/67) show larger body sizes. This is particularly interesting
because the gray wolf, our model species for the dire wolf, follows Bergmann’s rule (O’Keefe et
al., 2013). Many carnivores do not follow Bergmann’s rule, including some canids, such as
coyotes (Meiri and Dayan, 2003; Meachen and Samuels, 2012). This is thought to be related to
levels of primary productivity, competition, and food availability rather than climate (McNab,
2010; Huston and Wolverton, 2011; Yom-Tov and Geffen, 2011). Huston and Wolverton (2011)
suggest that carnivores may be indirectly affected by the amount of ecological and evolutionary
net primary productivity (eNPP) during a given period of time. Higher outputs of eNPP, possibly
due to warmer climatic conditions, may increase food availability for primary producers. With an
increase of food for primary producers, larger populations of herbivores can be supported which
increases food availability for carnivores and allow for body size increases. Changing levels of
primary productivity due to climate would have a cascading effect on carnivores, such as the dire
wolf (Meachen et al., 2014).
Mandible shape also varies significantly from pit to pit. Fluctuating environmental
pressures, such as changing nutrient stress, are a leading cause in changing the appearance and/or
rate of development, or heterochrony, within a population (McNamara, 1990). Neoteny,
decreased somatic growth relative to sexual maturation, in canids is recognizable through the
identification of proportionally shorter snouts, larger teeth, and a more steeply rising forehead
28
region in comparison to the ancestral population (O’Keefe et al., 2014; Gould, S. J., 1977;
Paquet and Carbyn, 2003). The largest amount of variance in shape is shown along PC1,
representative of an allometric size vector, and this axis displays evidence of neoteny in the dire
wolf. A recent study on dire wolf cranial morphometrics found higher incidences of tooth
breakage and wear (indicative of increased nutritional stress), along with neotenic characteristics
in wolves of pit 13. These specimens were also significantly smaller than those of other pits
(O’Keefe et al, 2014). Results presented here agree with this study; animals examined here are
smallest in pit 13. However, wolves of pit 91 also had high tooth breakage and wear frequencies,
but were relatively large using the centroid size of the entire skull as a metric (O’Keefe et al.,
2014). These authors suggest nutrient stress for pit 91 wolves was less severe than that for pit 13
wolves or began after dental maturity was reached. Although wolves from pit 91 were the second
largest in this study, PC1 scores from this study suggest that pit 91 wolves also show neotenic
characteristics; these wolves have the smallest jaws relative to the size of their teeth. Since
modern wolves reach dental maturity before they reach full bony growth, it can be inferred that
pit 91 wolves experienced late-stage growth truncation (O’Keefe et al., 2014; Kreeger, 2003).
This pattern was subtle but identifiable in the skull data, but is more marked here.
Both the jaw and skulls show allometic impacts in wolves of pits 91 and 13 (O’Keefe et
al., 2014). However, the impacts are slightly different between pits. Pit 91 displays late stage
growth truncation, as seen in the relative size of the bony jaw in comparison to tooth size. These
wolves are stunted along the ontogenetic allometry axis. Pit 13 wolves are not only stunted along
the ontogenetic allometry axis, but have also been pushed down the static allometry axis.
Comparing the size of their bony jaw size and teeth shows a ratio similar to that of 61/67 (Figure
3), but their teeth are relatively small. Because wolves of pit 13 have a small body size, small
29
teeth, and a bony jaw/tooth ratio indicative of isolated late stage growth truncation (like pit 91),
they are interpreted to have experienced stunting on both the static allometry and ontogenetic
allometry axes. The dire wolf skull data agree with these interpretations of allometric stunting in
pits 91 and13 (O’Keefe et al., 2014).
The shape changes along PC1 primarily show allometric jaw growth, but it is plausible it
may contain some evolutionary effects as well. Pit positions along PC1 may also be in response
to competition and prey availability. Taller coronoid processes allow increased area for the
attachment of the temporalis muscle, which increases the speed and force of jaw closure (Wang
and Tedford, 2008; Anyonge and Baker, 2006). Wolves of pits 61/67 and 2051 have the largest
jaws, including the coronoid process, relative to their teeth. Increased coronoid height suggests
that these wolves are catching larger, faster prey and tooth breakage and wear indicate that they
are not under nutrient stress (O’Keefe et al., 2014). It follows that these wolves may have
mechanical advantage in shearing when tooth breakage and wear indicates that they are not
under nutrient stress. Wolves of pit 91 and 13 have the relatively smallest bony jaws in
comparison, including their coronoid processes. Having shorter coronoid processes decreases the
mechanical advantage of the temporalis muscles in relation to the masseter muscle. Additionally,
shorter, broader jaws produce larger bite forces. These wolves are more masseter dominated,
which is active in crushing at the molars. It follows that these wolves are probably consuming
more bone, making crushing abilities necessary, or prey preference was different in comparison
to pits 61/67 and 2051. This explanation is plausible, but relies more on adaptation than
allometric axes to rectify the differences among the pits.
In terms of shape, pit 2051 wolves are interesting in that they discretely segregate from
the other pits on the first two principal component axes (Figure 3). Pit 2051 wolves have
30
anteroventrally oriented coronoid processes, while the anterior portion of the jaw orients
posteriorly and dorsally. In addition, these wolves do not display signs of neoteny, having the
largest bony jaws relative to their teeth. Wolves of pit 13 score closest to pit 2051 on the PC2
axis, which demonstrates reorientation of both ends of the jaw. Evidence of neoteny is present in
pit 13; further directional change of pit 13 wolves towards the shape seen in 2051 may have been
hindered by nutritional stress or other factors. Because pit 13 and pit 2051 were deposited during
relatively colder climates than the other pits, it is possible that this anterior rotation of the
terminal ends of the jaw may have been an adaptation for living in cold climates. The ecological
drivers of the shape difference displayed in pit 2051 are not clear, but my PCA analysis
determined that shape evolution did occur.
Although PC 3 explains ~12% of the shape variance, it is important to note the shape
changes along this axis. Principal component 3 is interpreted as capturing sexual dimorphism.
There are no significant differences among the pits on this axis, which is expected since sexual
dimorphism should remain constant through time (Figure 4). Negative loadings would be
associated with male dire wolves- canine size increases, overall tooth row lengthens, and the size
of the second molar decreases with more negative values. A recent study on the morphology of
extant gray wolves reveals that male wolves are generally larger than female wolves and have
relatively smaller molars (O’Keefe et al., 2013). The lengthening of the tooth row may be
explained by an increase in overall size and moving up the static allometry axis. It would also
follow that the second molar size decreases in putative male wolves. Canine size has also been
shown to be sexually dimorphic in dire wolves, with male dire wolves’ canines estimated to be
11-12% larger than female canines (Van Valkenburgh and Sacco, 2002). In contrast, positive
loadings are associated with overall smaller female dire wolves that have relatively larger second
31
molars and smaller canines. Previously determined characters that differentiate the sexes in both
dire wolves and gray wolves agree with the shape changes along PC 3 (See Chapter 3).
In summary, Canis dirus mandible size and shape, and therefore overall body size, do not
remain constant throughout time. Jaw size comparisons reveal that dire wolves were largest in
pits with warmer climates and smaller in cooler pits, the opposite of what a temporal Bergmann’s
rule would have predicted. Because the dire wolf does not seem to follow climate correlations
similar to the gray wolf, its extant counterpart, it is appropriate to explore other environmental
factors as possible causalities by examining shape change. Overall mandible shape shows certain
microevolution, and nutrient stress and adaptations relating to food availability and competition
are also influential factors. Because Pleistocene climate records reveal extreme variability, more
precise dating of the La Brea tar pits would help more accurately define the existing
environmental conditions of each deposit. Exploring the variation of size and shape throughout
time is important in determining paleoecologic changes the dire wolf was experiencing. One
aspect of morphology that was not extensively investigated here is sexually dimorphic
characteristics. Determining the level and extent of sexual dimorphism in the dire wolf can help
tease out causalities of intraspecific morphological variation, as well as better inform us of their
overall lifestyle. Sexual dimorphism of the dire wolf will be examined more thoroughly in
Chapter 3.
32
CHAPTER 3
TESTING EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES IN THE MANDIBULAR CORPUS AND
ASSESSING SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC CHARACTERS THROUGHOUT THE JAW
Introduction
Corpus Depth Evolution. The analyses in this chapter have three main objectives. The first
objective is to see if dire wolves of both pits 91 and 13 had evolved hyena-like jaw corpora. Pit
91 and pit 13 wolves have higher incidences of tooth breakage and wear, possibly indicating
increased levels of competition or nutrient stress during these depositions (O’ Keefe et al.,
2014). Jaw morphology may therefore have been driven towards adaptations of bone-cracking,
increased carcass utilization, and stronger bite forces. Durophagous adaptations might include
vaulted, dome-like foreheads, simplified but robust dentition, shortened snouts, and prominent
sagittal crests among others (Tseng and Binder, 2010; Tanner et al., 2008; Wang and Tedford,
2008; Van Valkenburgh 2007; Binder and Van Valkenburgh, 2000; Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992).
In mandibular morphology specifically, corpus depth should relatively increase to create a
greater buttressing effect if there is an adaptive response to increased mechanical stress in the
bone of the corpus (Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992).
Hyaenids and canids use different teeth to crack bones, however. Hyenas utilize their
robust premolars to process bone. By using their premolars, gape is increased and larger bones
can be processed; the loss of bite force due to this long lever arm is counteracted by
hypertrophied masticatory muscles in hyaenids (Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992; Binder and Van
Valkenburgh, 2000; Van Valkenburgh, 2007; Tanner et al., 2010). Canids, unlike hyaenids, are
not specialized for a durophagous diet. Greater occlusal forces are generated in the molars than
in premolars and cortical bone thickness is greater posterior to the lower first molar, indicating
33
molars, not premolars, are used to crack bone in canids (Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992; Van
Valkenburgh, 2007). Because bone thickness, and thus strength in bending, is greatest posterior
to the teeth used in bone processing in both hyaenids and canids (Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992), I
focused on differences in corpus depths, especially Corpus Depth 3 (Table 1, Figure 1), among
the four pits to determine if the corpus evolved to become deeper in times of increased nutrient
stress.
Sexual Dimorphism in Corpus Depth. The second objective was to determine whether corpus
depth could be distinguished as sexually dimorphic. It has been hypothesized that female gray
wolves have relatively larger molars to more completely process carcasses due to increased
nutrient needs during lactation and/or enable them to be even with males while feeding if they
fall short in prey apprehension (O’Keefe et al., 2013). If females are more prone to increased
carcass utilization, it is possible females may have thicker corpora to increase their bone
cracking ability. Because extant gray wolves (C. lupus) are the closest analog to the dire wolf, I
modeled my hypotheses of sexual dimorphism in the corpus based on known molar dimorphism,
and interpreted behavior for this morphology, in the gray wolf (See Chapter 1). Here, greater
values of centroid size represent males, while lower values represent females, since gray wolves
are male-biased size dimorphic (males are larger than females; Fairbairn, 1997; O’Keefe et al.,
2013; Milenkovic et al., 2010).
Sexual Dimorphism in Other Measurements. Finally, the last objective was to determine if other
linear measurements on dire wolf jaws could be classified as sexual dimorphism, allometric, or
both (Table 1, Figure 1). Difficulties determining sexually dimorphic characters arise from not
knowing the sex of each fossil specimen a priori. It is also difficult to decipher whether positive
trends are due to sexual dimorphism or static allometry, since much of dimorphism is contained
34
on the static allometry axis. It is essential to keep in mind that all linear measurements were
calculated from Procrustes coordinates, meaning that all measurements are relative to one
another and do not factor in size. All regressions in this section were calculated using 61/67
specimens only.
Allometry. Allometry is variation in shape of specific elements in association with variation in
size or another element, and can help describe morphology (Klingenberg, 1996). Isometry is
when a trait size scales proportionally to body size. An element that is positively allometric is
relatively larger, in proportion to body size, in larger individuals, whereas negative allometry
indicates a character that is relatively smaller in larger individuals (Klingenberg, 1996;
Bonduriansky, 2007). Although growth is a major contributing factor to resulting allometric
patterns, these patterns can be also be caused by evolution within, or among, taxa and variation
among individuals of a population. Because of the multiple causations to allometric trends,
allometry has been classified into three types. Static allometry, as defined by Klingenberg
(1996), results from variation among individuals of the same population and age group and
mostly reflects size allometry. Ontogenetic allometry refers to changes in relative trait size
through development/different age stages and is also referred to as growth allometry
(Bonduriansky, 2007; Klingenberg, 1996). Evolutionary allometry concerns relative changes in
different traits along branches of a phylogeny, either contemporaneous species sharing a
common ancestor or fossil members (Klingenberg, 1996). Because I am not concerned with
multiple members of a phylogeny, and my focus is one species (Canis dirus), the resulting
effects of both the ontogenetic and static allometry axes will be emphasized, whereas the
evolutionary allometry axis will not be discussed.
35
In order to discuss sexual dimorphism and allometry, it is first important to rule out any
measurements that are not candidates for sexual dimorphism. These measurements will be
isometric, or will not have significant correlations with centroid size, and thus body size. Due to
the assumption that dire wolves were male-biased size dimorphic, determining morphological
differences between males and females relies on a characteristic to differ with centroid size.
Positively allometric components, or those that have a positive correlation with size, will be
considered for possible sexual dimorphism, but the static allometry axis will also be considered
for an effect. It is common for positively allometric components to be also be considered
sexually dimorphic. However, the characters that are negatively allometric elements must also be
examined (Bonduriansky, 2007). Elements that are negatively allometric, or have a negative
correlation with centroid size, will be considered for both the ontogenetic axis and sexual
dimorphism.
Materials and Methods
Corpus Depth Evolution. All specimens used in these analyses were the same as those used in
Chapter 2. Processes of digitization and Procrustes superimposition were consistent with those
previously described (Zelditch et al., 2004). Differences among pit samples for three separate
corpus depth measurements (Corpus Depth 1, Corpus Depth 2, and Corpus Depth 3- Table 1,
Figure 1) were analyzed through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise mean comparisons
between pits were completed by Student’s t tests.
Sexual Dimorphism in Corpus Depth. To evaluate sexual dimorphism in the corpus, both a
pooled dataset, which included all 157 specimens from the four pits (See Chapter 2), and a
subsample of specimens from only pit 61/67 were used. As with assessing corpus depth
evolution, the processes of digitization and Procrustes superimposition were the same as
36
described in Chapter 2 (Zelditch et al., 2004). Distances between Procrustes coordinates for
Corpus Depth 1, Corpus Depth 2, and Corpus Depth 3 were calculated (Table 1, Figure 1). These
three interlandmark distances were regressed against centroid size and M2 length (which was
determined to be sexually dimorphic before this analysis was complete) to establish allometric
patterns of these elements in relation to overall body size, since centroid size was used as a body
size indicator and has been shown to serve as a robust size variable when examining sexual size
dimorphism (Hood, 2000).
Table 1. Interlandmark Distances and a list of the landmarks from which each distance was calculated. See Figure 1.
Measurements
on Figure 1
A
Interlandmark Distance
Corpus Depth 1
Landmarks Distance
Calculated Between
3 & 16
B
Corpus Depth 2
4 & 15
C
Corpus Depth 3
6 & 14
D
Coronoid Height
9 & 13
E
Jaw Length
1 & 11
F
Premolar Arcade
3&4
G
M1 Shearing (Trigonid Basin)
4&5
H
M1 Grinding (Talonid Basin)
5&6
I
M2 Length
6&7
J
Canine Length
1&2
K
Molar Arcade
4&7
L
Carnassial-Coronoid
5&9
M
Carnassial-Condyloid
5 & 11
N
Carnassial-Angular
5 & 12
37
O
Carnassial-Masseter Fossa
5&8
(A)
(B)
Figure 1. Linear measurements taken on mandibles. See Table 1 for description. Measurements A-I shown in part
(A); measurements J-O shown in part (B). Blue lines represent measurements taken on teeth; red lines represent
corpus depth measurements; gray lines represent bony jaw measurements.
38
Sexual Dimorphism in Other Measurements. To examine other possible sexually dimorphic
characteristics, 12 other (besides corpus depths) linear measurements were taken on Procrustes
coordinates of specimens from pit 61/67 only (Table 1, Figure 1). This pit was chosen because it
had the largest sample size of all the pits (n = 83) and the largest range of centroid size. If sexual
dimorphic characteristics are clear, they should be visible in this pit, and not observed by interpit variability. These measurements were then regressed against centroid size to determine
allometric patterns of each element in relation to overall body size. All linear measurements were
subjected to ANOVAs and Student’s t tests to determine statistical differences among the pits;
sexually dimorphic characteristics should not fluctuate through time.
For specific distances (coronoid height, M2 length, and the talonid basin of M1), global
regressions against centroid size using the pooled dataset (157 specimens) were completed.
These distances were also regressed using the complete dataset because these elements have
been shown to be sexually dimorphic in the extant gray wolf, C. lupus (O’Keefe et al., 2013). My
aim was to see if any significant regressions of these elements were also significant using the
pooled dataset to partially determine if they stayed consistent through time.
Body Size Estimation: Although body size comparisons among the pits were discussed in
Chapter 2, analysis of sexual dimorphism in the jaw reveals certain allometric components that
may have skewed mean centroid size results. In addition, body size estimates generated from the
mandible do not agree with those generated from skulls (O’Keefe et al., 2014) This indicates that
centroid size may not have been the best body size indicator. Previous studies have suggested
that the lower carnassial (m1) is a good predictor of body size in canids, with a 27% prediction
error (Van Valkenburgh, 1990). The functional relevance and low sexual dimorphism in the
carnassial suggests this tooth may be a good body size indicator. One-way ANOVAs of the
39
length of the trigonid basin of the carnassial (m1), the length of the talonid basin of the
carnassial, and the length of the upper carnassial (P4) were calculated among the pits. Data for
the P4 measurement was taken from O’Keefe et al., 2014. Pairwise comparisons among the pits
were calculated by Student’s t tests.
Results
The ANOVA of Corpus Depth 1 showed that the corpus did not vary in depth at the
beginning of the premolar arcade among the pits (p<0.1226). Only pit 13 differed from pit 2051;
all other comparisons were not significant (Table 2). The ANOVA of Corpus Depth 3 had the
same results-the corpus did not vary in depth behind the carnassial among the pits (p<0.1258).
Only pit 61/67 differed from pit 91, but all other comparisons were not significant (Table 2). The
ANOVA of Corpus Depth 2 did reveal a significant difference in depth at the beginning of the
molar arcade among the pits (p<0.0083). Pit 13 had the greatest depth at this measure, while pit
2051 had the shallowest depth here. Pits 91 and 61/67, which were not different from one
another, have values in between pits 2051 and 13 (Table 2).
Table 2. Significance of pairwise comparisons of interlandmark distances among pits based on one-way Student's T
tests among means. Stars indicate significance after Bonferroni correction. For measurement descriptions, see Table
1, Figure 1.
Comparison 61/67-
61/67-13
61/67-91
13-91
2051-91
2051-13
<0.0001**
0.0235**
0.0057**
<0.0001**
<0.0001**
0.0075**
0.1303
0.1660
0.1138
0.7022
0.9180
0.6478
0.0085**
0.5935
0.0159**
0.8862
0.0431**
2051
Coronoid
Height
M2 Length
M1 Grinding 0.7666
40
(Talonid
Basin)
M1 Shearing 0.2995
0.0659
0.0327**
0.5871
0.0159**
0.0311**
0.4013
0.0256**
0.0518
0.0009**
0.0348**
0.4648
0.5663
0.0019**
0.0757
0.4556
0.0766
0.0096**
0.1334
<0.0001**
0.0492**
0.1439
0.8471
0.1270
Jaw Length
0.0030**
<0.0001**
0.0002**
0.5364
0.7573
0.3713
Corpus
0.2985
0.0682
0.4322
0.5125
0.1514
0.0317**
0.0255**
0.0377**
0.9137
0.1491
0.0525
0.0007**
0.2235
0.9078
0.0378**
0.0539
0.6082
0.2368
0.0040**
0.0463**
0.1599
0.0070**
0.0007**
0.1891
0.6691
0.3160
0.0136**
0.1434
0.1445
0.7806
0.0039**
0.7246
0.0094**
0.0402**
<0.0001**
0.0044**
(Trigonid
Basin)
Premolar
Arcade
Molar
Arcade
Canine
Length
Depth 1
Corpus
Depth 2
Corpus
Depth 3
CarnassialCoronoid
CarnassialCondyloid
Carnassial-
41
Angular
Carnassial-
0.6311
0.0049**
0.0764
0.6023
0.3686
0.1472
Masseter
Fossa
Corpus depth 1 regressions against centroid size for the complete dataset and for pit
61/67 were not significant (Table 3). Corpus Depth 1 regressed against the second molar length
was significant for the complete dataset, but was not significant for pit 61/67 alone.
Corpus Depth 2 regressions against centroid size for the complete dataset and pit 61/67
were both significant (Table 3). For regressions of Corpus Depth 2 vs. M2 length, significance
was only found in the complete dataset. Corpus Depth 3 regressions had similar results. For the
complete data set, regressions of Corpus Depth 3 vs. centroid size and M2 length were both
significant (Table 3). In the pit 61/67 subsample, Corpus Depth 3 regressed against M2 length
was significant, while Corpus Depth 3 vs. centroid size was not.
Table 3. Corpus Depth regressions vs. Centroid Size and M2 Length. Regressions were performed on the entire
dataset and 61/67 specimens separately.
Complete Dataset (n
Corpus Depth 1
Corpus Depth 2
Corpus Depth 3
F ratio 0.9879
F ratio 9.8619
F ratio 4.5014
p< 0.3218
p<0.0020**
p<0.0355**
F ratio 4.0358
F ratio 7.8839
F ratio
p<0.0463**
p<0.0056**
p<0.0121**
F ratio 0.0724
F ratio 12.6503
F ratio 2.5461
=157)
Centroid Size
M2 Length
61/67 only (n =83)
Centroid Size
42
M2 Length
p<0.7885
p<0.0006**
p<0.1145
F ratio 3.6788
F ratio 2.0947
F ratio 4.3608
p<0.0586
p<0.1517
p<0.0399**
Nine of the 15 linear measurements taken yielded insignificant, or isometric, results when
regressed against centroid size for specimens of pit 61/67 only (Table 4). Three linear
measurements, Carnassial-Condyloid, Corpus Depth 2, and Jaw Length, displayed positive
allometry, or a positive correlation with centroid size. Negative allometry, or a negative
correlation with centroid size, was detected for three measurements: Molar Arcade, Premolar
Arcade, and M2 Length (Table 4).
Table 4. Regressions of interlandmark distances vs. centroid size. Significance is indicated by the stars.
Interlandmark distances in gray have a significantly negative correlation with centroid size, while those italicized
have a significantly positive correlation with centroid size. These regression are based on only 61/67 specimens.
Interlandmark Distance
Regression on Centroid Size
Coronoid Height
F ratio 0.1065, p< 0.7450
M2 Length
F ratio 5.9683, p< 0.0167**
M1 Grinding (Talonid Basin)
F ratio 2.7293, p< 0.1024
M1 Shearing (Trigonid Basin)
F ratio 1.0823, p< 0.3013
Premolar Arcade
F ratio 12.8941, p< 0.0006**
Molar Arcade
F ratio 12.5111, p< 0.0007**
Canine Length
F ratio 0.1526, p< 0.6971
Jaw Length
F ratio 22.5358, p< 0.0001**
Corpus Depth 1
F ratio 0.0724, p<0.7885
Corpus Depth 2
F ratio 12.6503, p<0.0006**
Corpus Depth 3
F ratio 2.5461, p<0.1145
43
Carnassial-Coronoid
F ratio 0.4680, p< 0.4959
Carnassial-Condyloid
F ratio 22.2960, p<0.0001**
Carnassial-Angular
F ratio 1.2778, p< 0.2616
Carnassial-Masseter Fossa
F ratio 0.6828, p< 0.4111
The length of the talonid basin of the carnassial and the length of the second molar were
negatively correlated with centroid size when looking at the complete dataset (p-value=0.0023,
R2=0.058; p-value=0.0003, R2=0.082, respectively). These patterns were consistent within each
pit. The trend seen in the second molar length is stronger than the trend in the talonid basin,
however. When examining only pit 61/67, only the regression of the second molar length vs.
centroid size was significant (p-value= 0.0167, R2 =0.069). The talonid basin displayed a
negative trend against centroid size, but was not significant (p-value=0.1024, R2= 0.032). In
terms of sexual dimorphism, these results are consistent with trends seen in the extant gray wolf.
C. lupus males have relatively larger body sizes and relatively smaller molars (O’Keefe et al.,
2013). The trend of decreasing molar size with increasing centroid size can be seen in both of
these global regressions (Figure 2). While it is not possible to differentiate individual C. dirus
male specimens from female specimens, these trends suggest that the dire wolf displayed a
similar degree of sexual dimorphism in their molars as extant gray wolves.
The same result does not hold for coronoid height. Male gray wolves have been shown to
have relatively taller coronoid processes. As such, we expected to see a positive correlation of
coronoid height with centroid size based on these trends. Regressions against centroid size, both
separated and not separated by pit, do not display a significant trend (Figure 2; Global
regression: p-value=0.302, R2=0.007; Pit 61/67: p-value= 0.7450, R2=0.0013).
44
Figure 2. Black lines represent regression lines; red dotted lines
represent confidence intervals. Top left Global regression of the length
of the grinding portion of the carnassial against centroid size (pvalue=0.0023, R2=0.058). Top Right Global regression of the length
of the second molar against centroid size (p-value=0.0003, R2=0.082).
Bottom Left Global regression of coronoid height against centroid size
(p-value=0.302, R2=0.007).
45
The ANOVA of the length of the upper carnassial (P4) showed that this tooth did not
vary significantly among the pit (p<0.1450). Only pit 91 differed from pit 61/67. All other pit
comparisons were not significant (Table 5). The ANOVA of the length of the trigonid basin of
the lower carnassial did vary among the pits (p<0.0261; Table 5). Pit 91 wolves had longer
trigonid basins than pits 2051 and 61/67. The mean value for pit 13 was also larger than that of
pit 2051(Figure 3b).Finally, the ANOVA of the length of the talonid basin of the lower
carnassial showed a significant difference among the pits (p<0.0297; Table 5). For this
measurement, pit 13 had significantly higher values than the other pits (Figure 3c). All other
comparisons among the pits were not significant.
Table 5. Significance of pairwise comparisons of carnassial interlandmark distances among pits based on one-way
Student's T tests among means. Stars indicate significance after Bonferroni correction. Also see Figure 3.
Comparison
61/67-
61/67-13
61/67-91
13-91
2051-91
2051-13
2051
Upper P4 Length
0.5759
0.3033
0.0292**
0.2576
0.0763
0.5861
Trigonid Basin
Length, lower
m1
Talonid Basin
Length, lower
m1
0.2995
0.0659
0.0327**
0.5871
0.0159**
0.0311**
0.7666
0.0085** 0.5935
0.0159**
0.8862
0.0431**
46
Figure 3a. Plot of ANOVA of upper P4 Length among pits. The red lines represent estimates of the mean for each
pit. Black lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Pit 91 has the largest mean values, while pit 61/67 has the
smallest mean values. Pits are arranged in chronological order, from oldest (left) to youngest (right).
47
Figure 3b. Plot of ANOVA of Trigonid Basin Length of upper m1 among pits. The red lines represent estimates of
the mean for each pit. Black lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Pit 91 has the largest mean values.
48
Figure 3c. Plot of ANOVA of Talonid Basin Length of upper m1 among pits. The red lines represent estimates of
the mean for each pit. Black lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Pit 13 has the largest mean values.
49
Discussion
Lack of Evolutionary Response in the Corpus. An ANOVA of Corpus Depth 3 indicates no
significant difference in bone depth directly posterior to the carnassial among most pits. The only
significant difference is between pits 91 and 61/67 (See Results). However, pit 91 is not different
from pit 2051 and pit 2051 is not different from any other pit, indicating no real difference
among any of the pits. On the contrary, pit 91 has the lowest values of Corpus Depth 3,
demonstrating the opposite of what was expected if high tooth breakage and wear pits responded
with increased corpus depth.
Looking at the other corpus depths measured, the Corpus Depth 1 ANOVA had the same
results as Corpus Depth 3- no significant difference between the pits, except pit 13 is different
from pit 2051. This may be attributable to neotenic effects, which can be seen in the shape of the
jaws and skulls, in pit 13 (See Chapter 2; O’ Keefe et al., 2014). Wolves of this pit are stunted; it
is possible that these jaws were not able to develop a more adult-like jaw morphology by
relatively thinning out the corpus anteriorly (Milinkovic et al., 2010).
The ANOVA of Corpus Depth 2 displays three significant differences among pits: 13 &
2051, 61/67 & 2051, and 13 & 61/67. Pit 13 wolves have the highest values, while wolves of pit
2051 have the thinnest corpora at Corpus Depth 2. Again, we see an ontogenetic stunting effect
in wolves of pit 13; the corpus has not been allowed to thin out anteriorly, as shown in Corpus
Depth 1. Wolves of pit 2051 have relatively thinner corpora directly anterior to the carnassial;
wolves of this pit are not ontogenetically stunted (See Chapter 2, PC 1) and may be displaying
adult corpus morphology of thinning towards the front of the jaw, the most out of the four pits.
It would be valuable if another corpus depth could have been calculated, one that was
more caudal to Corpus Depth 3. It has been suggested that canids use the carnassial, specifically,
50
the trigonid basin, in bone cracking, much like borophagine canids (Biknevicius and Ruff; 1992;
Werdelin, 1989; Van Valkenburgh, 2007). If bone depth is greatest behind the site of bone
cracking, another more caudal corpus depth measurement may have revealed an adaptive
response to increased nutrient stress. Overall, from my results, corpus depths do not vary among
the pits and have not reflected any evolutionary responses to increased nutrient stress.
Sexual Dimorphism in Corpus Depth. After determining molar size, particularly the size of the
second molar, as sexually dimorphic in the dire wolf (see below), regressions of corpus depths
against centroid size and M2 size were completed. Through examination of these regressions
(Table 3), the overall dataset shows positive allometry in both Corpus Depth 2 and Corpus Depth
3 with centroid size (significant increase in both corpus depths with increasing centroid size).
Corpus Depth 2 and Corpus Depth 3 both significantly decrease with increasing second molar
size. These trends in relation to centroid size and the second molar size suggest that relative
corpus depth under the molar arcade is greater in males. Looking at pit 61/67 specimens, the only
significant regressions are centroid size vs. Corpus Depth 2 and second molar length vs. Corpus
Depth 3. The regressions of centroid size vs. Corpus Depth 3 and second molar length vs. Corpus
Depth 2 display the same trends as the overall data set, but are not significant. The trends in pit
61/67 still indicate that males have thicker corpora than females. Corpus depth is both sexually
dimorphic and reflective of static allometry. In summary, females do not have more hyena-like
corpora, even if they may have more completely processed carcasses as indicated by their
relatively larger molars. Instead, females move down the static allometry axis relative to males.
Although not much can be said statistically, Corpus Depth 1 is interesting nonetheless.
From the overall dataset, second molar length vs. Corpus Depth 1 was significant; with
increasing second molar size, Corpus Depth 1 also increased. Second molar length vs. Corpus
51
Depth 1 for only 61/67 specimens was not significant, but displayed the same trend and was very
close to being significant. Neither centroid size vs. Corpus Depth 1 regressions for the complete
dataset nor 61/67 only were significant. However, due to the trends against second molar length,
it can be inferred that females have relatively deeper corpora underneath the beginning of the
premolar arcade than males. The same pattern can be found in extant gray wolves. Milenkovic et
al. (2010) compared cranial and mandible shape variables among both females and males of two
populations of gray wolves. In terms of allometric shape change, larger mandibles
(representative of males) tended to be more narrow. This agrees with the Corpus Depth 1 trend
found in the overall dataset. This agreement between the gray wolf study (Milenkovic et al.,
2010) and this study would indicate a weak sexually dimorphic signal in Corpus Depth 1.
However, Milenkovic et al (2010) had one less landmark on the ventral border of the mandible
from the study I conducted; it is possible there is a trend in corpus thickness in these gray wolves
that is not being picked up due to the lack of this landmark.
Sexual Dimorphism of Other Elements. Regressions of molar interlandmark distances against
centroid size indicate sexual dimorphism. The length of the talonid basin, or grinding area, of the
carnassial and the length of the second molar are both negatively allometric, or decrease with
increasing centroid size (Figure 2). Small body sizes have relatively larger molars, which is
consistent with patterns found in female C. lupus (O’Keefe et al., 2013). These trends are also
evident in each individual pit, indicating this pattern did not change through time. The molar
interlandmark regressions agree with the interpretation of PC3 (See Chapter 2). Both PC3 and
molar regressions display the same relationship between centroid size and molar size, and are not
time dependent, indicating a sexually dimorphic molar signal in the dire wolf. However, my
results do not support a sexually dimorphic signal in the coronoid process, as seen in the gray
52
wolf. The global regression shows no correlation between coronoid height and centroid size.
There are several possibilities for the lack of detection of this trend in the dire wolf specimens.
First, the coronoid height signal was not as strong as the molar signal in gray wolves, so we may
not have the power to detect this pattern. Second, the coronoid process is subject to evolutionary
change in orientation, as seen in PC 2 (See Chapter 2), which may be masking the signal. Or,
finally, the dire wolf may not display this trend at all and is not sexually dimorphic in coronoid
height like C. lupus. It is important to note that most bony measures of the jaw have positively
allometric trends; because the coronoid process is of the bony jaw, other features, such as
coronoid process width, show the coronoid process is different along the static allometry axis
even though coronoid height lacks a significant correlation to centroid size. Additionally, as
discussed in Chapter 2 (under description of PC 4), the placement of landmark 13, which was
involved in calculating coronoid height, is more subjective, in the x-dimension, than any other
landmark and may create noise in this specific landmark. The variance of landmark 13 in the ydimension, however, was similar to that of the other landmarks. Since coronoid height focuses
on the y-dimension of landmark 13, I believe noise in this landmark had a minimal effect in
calculations of coronoid height.
Taking all 15 linear measurements into consideration, three measurements displayed
significantly positive relationships with centroid size: Corpus Depth 2, Jaw Length, and
Canasssial-Condyloid. The relationship between centroid size and Corpus Depth 2 has already
been determined to be sexually dimorphic (see above for discussion). This measurement also
represents static allometry, with larger wolves having deeper corpora at the beginning of the
molar arcade. Comparing Corpus Depth 2 among the different pits, pit 13 is different from the
other pits and has the largest relative values. This could be evidence of an evolutionary response
53
to nutrient stress in pit 13 or ontogenetic responses. As discussed above, canids use their
carnassial, as well as their other molars, in bone cracking; a thicker corpus underneath the
carnassial would help resist higher bending stresses during bone cracking (Biknevicius and Ruff,
1992).
Size is inherently included in the measurement of Jaw Length. Much of this measurement
is static allometric growth. However, since males have larger body sizes than females, this is also
a sexually dimorphic characteristic. Much of jaw length is attributable to the bony part of the
jaw, here specifically the ramus of the mandible. The dental row reaches maturity in gray wolves
around 7 to 9 months, whereas the rest of the jaw can continue to grow for up to 2 years
(O’Keefe et al., 2014; Kreeger, 2003; see Chapter 2, discussion of PC 1). This contribution to
jaw length by the ramus can be seen in the significantly positive correlation between the
carnassial-condyloid measurement and centroid size. Larger wolves have a bigger, wider ramus.
Again, since males are larger than females, this implies that this measurement should also be
sexually dimorphic. Since the ramus of the mandible is wider in males, this may allow for a
larger area of attachment for the masseter and temporalis muscles. Because modern male gray
wolves have been shown to be more successful in handling prey (O’Keefe et al., 2013), a larger
ramus for larger muscles may also reflect this behavior in male dire wolves.
Three linear measurements taken were shown to have significantly negative relationships
with centroid size; these include M2 Length, Premolar Arcade, and Molar Arcade. The second
molar length has already been discussed as a sexually dimorphic characteristic (see above).
Female dire wolves have relatively larger second molars than males, similar to the extant gray
wolf (O’Keefe et al., 2013). Conversely, the Premolar Arcade trend is a result of ontogenetic
54
allometry. Due to the bony jaw continuing to grow around the teeth, the relative size of the
premolar arcade decreases as the bony jaw, especially the ramus, and centroid size increases.
The Molar Arcade measurement is the most interesting of the three that inversely
correlate with centroid size. It is critical when evaluating this measurement to remember that the
length of the molar arcade includes both the carnassial and the second molar. It has already been
determined that the second molar length is sexually dimorphic, and so the molar arcade length
includes some sexual dimorphism. However, both the trigonid and talonid basins of the
carnassial do not significantly change with centroid size, indicating the carnassial is not sexually
dimorphic. Prior studies have also indicated that dimorphism in the carnassial is due to feeding
differences rather than differences among the sexes (Gittleman and Van Valkenburgh, 1997).
The entire arcade can be seen to have a negative correlation with centroid size due to static
allometry for the same reason the premolar arcade is interpreted this way-the bony jaw continues
to grow around the teeth, making the relative length of the molar arcade decrease with increasing
centroid size. The Molar Arcade measurement does, however, separate the pits into two groupspits 13 and 91 clump together, while pits 2051 and 61/67 group with one another. This is the
only measurement that splits the high tooth breakage and wear pits form the pits of low breakage
and wear. I hypothesize the Molar Arcade is also picking up an evolutionary signal to times of
increased nutrient stress. Looking at differences among the pits for the trigonid and talonid
basins, pit 13 has the largest values for both measures. Pit 91 has similar values as pit 13 for the
trigonid basin, but not the talonid basin. This may be an evolutionary response to increased
nutrient stress, since canids utilize their carnassials, specifically the trigonid basin, in bone
cracking (Biknevicius and Ruff, 1992; Biknevicius and Van Valkenburgh, 1996; Werdelin, 1989
55
Van Valkenburgh 2007). Overall, the Molar Arcade seems to be both sexually dimorphic and
allometric, in addition to revealing an evolutionary effect to nutrient stress.
New Body Size Estimation. Due to conflicting body size estimates generated from dire wolf
skulls and jaws, a new body indicator was needed. The results of the upper carnassial (P4) and
the trigonid basin of the lower carnassial (m1) show similar patterns among the pits. In both
proxies for body size, pit 91 contains the largest wolves. Pit 13 has the next largest mean body
size. The pattern for pits 2051 and 61/67 differ between these measurements. Pit 2051 wolves are
smallest according to the jaw data, but the cranial data results in the mean body size of pit 61/67
as being the smallest. However, in both measurement s comparisons among pits 2051 and 61/67
are not significantly different and confidence intervals overlap.
Although body size estimates from P4 and the trigonid basin of m1, these estimates still
do not seem to follow a temporal Bergmann’s rule. Pit 91 wolves are still the largest wolves,
while pit 2051, a time of cold climate, has relatively small wolves. It seems as though wolves
under assumed nutrient stress, pits 91 and 13, have larger body sizes in relation to wolves under
lower nutrient stress (O’Keefe et al., 2014). This increase in body size may be due to an increase
in intra- and interspecific competition for food sources, a response similar to that of coyotes, or a
change in prey (Meachen and Samuels, 2012; DeSantis et al.,2012 ). However, pit 61/67 wolves
seem to be adapted to warm climate, having an overall more gracile morphology and a small
body size (O’Keefe et al., 2014). Both climate and environmental factors may be the causalities
of the pattern seen here.
The talonid basin of m1reflects a different pattern among the pits from the pattern shown
by P4 and the trigonid basin of m1. Pit 13 has significantly higher values than the other pits. This
may implicate an evolutionary response to high nutrient stress, as inferred from the high
56
incidences of tooth breakage and wear (O’Keefe et al., 2014). The increase in length of this tooth
basin may be advantageous to more completely utilizing carcasses by allowing more surface area
to aid in food processing. However, both pit 91 and pit 13 show higher incidences in tooth
breakage and wear. It is possible that only pit 13 is showing this response because these wolves
are stunted further down the ontogenetic axis, while only late-stage truncation of growth affected
pit 91 wolves. The breakage and wear event of pit 13 may have been more severe than the event
in pit 91(or began in pit 91 only after dental maturity was reached in the population), thus
inducing an evolutionary response in the talonid basin of m1 (O’Keefe et al., 2014).
Conclusion. Allometric components of the dire wolf mandible have been determined from the
designated linear measurements. While corpus depth was determined not to contain an
evolutionary response and to have only a weak sexually dimorphic signal in Corpus Depth 1, the
second molar length revealed that females have relatively larger M2s. The bony growth of the
jaw relative to dental maturity reflects the relationships seen in jaw length, carnassial-condyloid
distance, the premolar arcade, and the molar arcade with centroid size. Interestingly, the molar
arcade also exhibited evidence for an evolutionary response to nutrient stress. Additionally, body
size estimates from the crania and jaws now agree due to the use of a dental measurement,
instead of centroid size. Much can be said about the relationships of shape and size of dire wolf
mandibles across the four La Brea tar pits studied: Analyses of their shape continue to describe
their similarities to the morphology of the extant gray wolves, reinforcing the idea that Canis
lupus is the best model we have for the extinct Canis dirus.
57
LITERATURE CITED
Anyonge, W. and Baker, A. 2006. Craniofacial morphology and feeding behavior in Canis dirus,
the extinct Pleistocene dire wolf. Journal of Zoology. 269: 309-316.
Anyonge, W. and Roman, C. 2006. New Body Mass Estimates for Canis dirus, the extinct dire
wolf. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1): 209-212.
Barnosky, A. D., Hadly, E. A. & Bell, C. J. 2003. Mammalian response to global warming on
varied temporal scales. Journal of Mammalogy. 84: 354-368.
Barnosky, A. D., Koch, P. L., Feranec, R. S., Wing, S. L. & Shabel, A. B. 2004. Assessing the
causes of Late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science 306: 70-75.
Bergmann, C. 1847. Uber die Verhaltnisse der Warmeokono- mie der Thiere zu ihrer
Grosse. Gottinger Studien 3: 595– 708.
Biknevicius, A.R. and Ruff, C.B. 1992. The structure of the mandibular corpus and its
relationship to feeding behaviours in extant carnivores. Journal of Zoology, London.
228: 479-507.
Biknevicius, A.R. & Van Valkenburgh, B. 1996. Design for killing: craniodental adaptations of
predators. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 393–428. Gittleman, J.L. (Ed.).
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Binder, W.J., Thompson, E.N., and Van Valkenburgh, B. 2002. Temporal variation in tooth
fracture among Rancho La Brea dire wolves. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(2):
423-428.
Binder, W.J. and Van Valkenburgh, B. 2000. Development of bite strength and feeding
behaviour in juvenile spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Zoology London. 252:
273-283.
58
Binder, W.J. and Van Valkenburgh, B. 2010. A comparison of tooth wear and breakage in
Rancho La Brea sabertooth cats and dire wolves across time. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology. 30(1): 255-261.
Blackburn, T.M., Gaston, K.J., and Loder, N. 1999. Geographic gradients in body size: a
Clarification of Bergmann’s rule. Diversity and Distributions. 5:165-74.
Bonduriansky, R. 2007. Sexual Selection and Allometry: A Critical Reappraisal of the Evidence
and Ideas. Evolution . 61(4): 838–849.
Carbone, C. Maddox, T., Funston, P.J., Mills, M.G.L., Grether, G. F., and Van Valkenburgh, B.
2009. Parallels between playbacks and Pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an
extinct sabretooth cat, Smilodon. Biology Letters 5: 81-85.
Chambers, S.M., Fain, S.R., Fazio, B. and Amaral, M. 2012. An Account of the Taxonomy of
North American Wolves From Morphological and Genetic Analyses. North American
Fauna 77:1–67.
DeSantis, L. R. G., Schubert, B. W., Scott, J. R. & Ungar, P. S. 2012. Implications of Diet for the
Extinction of Saber-Toothed Cats and American Lions. PLoS ONE. 7(12): 1-9.
Dundas, R.G. 1999. Quaternary records of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, in North and South
America. Boreas. 28(3): 375-385.
Fairbairn, D.J. 1997. Allometry for Sexual Size Dimorphism: Pattern and Process in the
Coevolution of Body Size in Males and Females. Annual Review of Ecology and
Systematics. 28: 659-687.
Figueirido, B., Pérez-Claros, J. A., Hunt, R. M. & Palmqvist, P. 2011. Body mass estimation in
Amphicyonid carnivoran mammals: A multiple regression approach from the skull and
skeleton. 56: 225-246.
Friscia, A. R., Van Valkenburgh, B., Spencer, L. & Harris, J. M. 2008. Chronology and spatial
59
distribution of large mammal bones in pit 91, Rancho La Brea. Palaios 23: 35-42.
Fox-Dobbs., K., Bump, J.K., Peterson, R.O., Fox, D.L., and Koch, P.L. 2007. Carnivorespecific isotope variables and variation in the foraging ecology of modern and ancient
wolf populations: case studies from Isle Royale, Minnesota, and La Brea. Canadian
Journal of Zoology. 85: 458-471.
Gardner, J.L, Peters, A., Kearney, M.K., Joseph, L., and Heinsohn, R. 2011. Declining body
size: a third universal response to warming?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 26(6):
285-291.
Geist, V. 1987. Bergmann's rule is invalid. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65(4): 1035-1038.
Gill, J.L., Williams, J.W., Jackson, S.T., Lininger, K.B., and Robinson, G.S. 2009. Pleistocene
Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communities, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North
America. Science. 326: 1100-03.
Gittleman, J.L. and Van Valkenburgh, B. 1997. Sexual dimorphism in the canines and skulls of
carnivores: effects of size, phylogeny, and behavioural ecology. Journal of Zoology,
London. 242: 97-117.
Gould, S.J.1977. Ontogeny and Phylogeny. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Cambridge, Massachusetts. p. 246-62.
Guthrie, R.D. 2006. New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and
Pleistocene extinctions. Nature. 44: 207-09.
Heinrich, R.E., Strait, S.G., and Houde, P. 2008. Earliest Eocene Miacide
(Mammalia: Carnivora) From Northwestern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology.
No. 1 (82): 154-162.
Hester, J.J. 1960. Late Pleistocene Extinction and Radiocarbon Dating. American Antiquity. 26
60
(1): 58-77.
Hood, C.S. 2000. Geometric Morphometric Approaches to the Study of Sexual Size Dimorphism
in Mammals. Hystrix. 11(1): 77-90.
Huston, M.A. and Wolverton, S. 2011. Regulation of animal size by eNPP, Bergmann’s rule, and
related phenomena. Ecological Monographs 81(3): 349-405.
Jolicoeur, P. 1959. Multivariate Geographical Variation in the Wolf, Canis lupus.
International Journal of Organic Evolution. 13(3): 283-99.
Jolicoeur, P. 1975. Sexual Dimorphism and Geograohical Distance as Factors of Skull
Variation in the Wolf, Canis lupus. Taxonomic and Morphological Studies.
Kennett D. J., J.P. Kennett, G.J. West, J.M. Erlandson, J.R. Johnson, I.L. Hendy, A.
West, B.J. Culleton, T.L. Jones, and Thomas W. Stafford, Jr. 2008. Wildfire and
abrupt ecosystem disruption on California’s Northern Channel Islands at the
Ållerød–Younger Dryas boundary (13.0–12.9 ka). Quaternary Science Reviews
27: 2528–2543.
Klingenberg, C.P. 1996. Multivariate Allometry. Pages 23–49 in Advances in Morphometrics (L.
F. Marcus, M. Corti, A. Loy,G. J. P. Naylor, and D. E. Slice, eds.). Plenum Press, NY.
Koch, P.L. and Barnosky, A.D. 2006. Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate.
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 35: 215-50.
Kreeger, T.J. 2003. The internal wolf: physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Pp 192-217 in
Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation (L.D. Mech and L. Boitani, eds.).
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Kurtén, B. 1984. Geographical differentiation in the Rancholabrean dire wolf (Canis dirus
Leidy) in North America; pp. 218-227 in H. H. Genoways and M. R. Dawson (eds.),
Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: a Volume in Memorial to John E.
61
Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8.
Leidy, J. 1854. Notice of some fossil bones discovered by Mr. Francis A. Lincke, in the banks of
the Ohio River, Indiana. Proceedings: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, 199–
201.
Leonard, J.A., Vila`, C., Fox-Dobbs, K., Koch, P.L., Wayne, R.K., and Van Valkenburgh, B.
2007. Megafaunal Extinctions and the Disappearance of a Specialized Wolf Ecomorph.
Current Biology. 17: 1146-1150.
Lyras. G.A. 2009. The evolution of the brain in Canidae (Mammalia: Camivora). Scripta
Geológica, 139:1-93.
MacDonald, G.M., Beilman, D.W., Kuzmin, Y.V., Orlova, L.A., Kremenetski, K.V., Shapiro, B.,
Wayne, R.K., and Van Valkenburgh, B. 2012. Pattern of extinction of the woolly mammoth
in Beringia. Nature Communications. 3:1-8.
Marcus, L. F. and Berger, R. 1984. The significance of radiocarbon dates for Rancho La Brea.
pp. 159-188 in Martin, P. S., and Klein, R. G. (eds.), Quaternary Extinctions. University of
Arizona Press, Tuscon, AZ.
McHorse, B. K., Orcutt, J.D., and Davis, E.B. 2012. The carnivoran fauna of Rancho La Brea:
Average or abertant? Paleobiology, Paleoclimatology, and Paleoecology. p. 118-123.
McNab, B. K. 2010. Geographic and temporal correlations of mammalian size reconsidered: a
resource rule. Oecologia 164(1): 13-23.
McNamara, K.J. 1990. Paleobiology: A Synthesis. University Press. Cambridge, Great Britain.
p. 111-118.
Meachen-Samuels, J.A. 2012. Morphological convergence of the prey-killing arsenal of
sabertooth predators. Paleobiology. 38(1): 1-14.
Meachen-Samuels, J.A. and Binder, W.J. 2010. Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic growth
62
in the American lion and sabertooth cat from Rancho La Brea. Journal of Zoology. 280 (3):
271-279.
Meachen, J.A., O’Keefe, F.R., Sadleir, R.W. 2014. Evolution in the Sabertooth cat,
Smilodon fatalis, in response to Pleistocene Climate Change. Journal of Evolutionary
Biology. 27: 714-723.
Meachen J.A. and Samuels, J.X. 2012. Evolution in coyotes (Canis latrans) in response to the
megafaunal extinctions. PNAS. 109 (11): 4191–4196.
Meiri S.and Dayan, T. 2003. On the Validity of Bergmann’s Rule. Journal of Biogeography. 30:
331-351.
Meloro, C. 2011. Feeding Habits of Plio-Pleistocene Large Carnivores as Revealed by the
Mandibular Geometry. Journal of vertebrate Paleontology. 31(2):428-446.
Milenkovic, M. Sipetic, V.J., Blagojevic, J., Tatovic, S. and Vujosevic, M. 2010. Skull variation
in Dinaric–Balkan and Carpathian gray wolf populations revealed by geometric
morphometric approaches. Journal of Mammalogy. 91(2):376–386.
North Greenland Ice Core Project Members. 2004. High resolution record of northern
Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature 431: 147.151.
Nogue´s-Bravo, D., Rodriguez, J., Hortal, J., Batra, P., Araujo, M.B. 2008. Climate change,
Humans, and the Extinction of the Woolly Mammoth. PLoS Biology. 6(4):e79.
O’Keefe, F.R., Fet, E.V., Harris, J.M. 2009. Compilation, Calibration, and Synthesis of Faunal
and Floral Radiocarbon Dates, Rancho La Brea, California. Contributions in Science,
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 518: 1-16.
O’Keefe, F.R., Meachen, J.A., Fet, E.V., and Brannick, A.L. 2013. Ecological determinants of
morphological variation in the cranium of the North American gray wolf. Journal of
Mammalogy. 94(6):1223–1236.
63
O’Keefe, F.R., Binder, W.J., Frost, S.R., Sadlier, R.W., and Van Valkenburgh. 2014.
Cranial morphometrics of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, at Rancho La Brea: temporal
variability and its links to nutrient stress and climate.
Paquet, P.C. and Carbyn, L.N. 2003. Gary Wolf. Wild mammals of North America: biology,
management, and conservation. 2: 482-510.
Polly, P.D., Wesley-Hunt, G.D., Heinrich, R.E., Davis, G. and Houde, P. 2006. Earliest
known Carnivoran Auditory Bulla and Support for a Recent Origin of Crown-Group
Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia). The Paleontological Association. Part 5 (49): 10191027.
Quinn, J.P., 1992, Rancho La Brea: Geologic setting, late Quaternary depositional patterns and
mode of fossil accumulation. in Heath, E.G., and Lewis, W.L., eds., The Regressive
Pleistocene Shoreline, Southern California: South Coast Geological Society Guidebook,
Santa Ana, California, p. 221–232.
Rahmstorf, S. 2003. Timing of abrupt climate change: a precise clock. Geophysical Research
Letters 30(10), 1510: 17.1-17.4.
Rohlf, F. 2013. tpsDig2. pp., SUNY, Stony Brook, NY.
Sheets, H. D. 2005. PCAGen7, IMP. pp., Canisius College, Buffalo, NY.
Skeel, M.A. and Carbyn, L.N. 1977. The morphological relationship of gray wolves (Canis
lupus) in national parks of central Canada. Canada Journal of Zoology. 55: 737-47.
Slater, G.J., Dumont, E.R., and Van Valkenburgh, B. 2009. Implications of predatory
specialization for cranial form and function in canids. Journal of Zoology. 278: 181-188.
Smith, T and Smith, R. 2010. A new genus of “miacid” carnivoran from the earliest Eocene of
Europe and North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55(4):761-764.
64
Stock, C. and Harris, J.M., 1992. Rancho La Brea: a record of Pleistocene life in California.
In Science Series 37, pp. 1-113,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Museum, Los Angeles, California.
Tanner, J.B., Dumont, E.R. Sakai, S.T., Lundrigan, B.L. and Holekamp, K.E. 2008. Of arcs and
vaults: the biomechanics of bone-cracking in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta).
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 95: 246–255.
Tanner, J.B., Zelditch, M.L., Lundrigan, B.L., an Holekamp, K.E. 2010. Ontogenetic Change in
Skull Morphology and Mechanical Advantage in the Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta).
Journal of Morphology. 271: 353-365.
Tedford, R. H., Taylor, B.E., and Wang, X. 1995. Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora:
Canidae): the Living Taxa. American Museum Novitates. Number 3146. 1-37.
Tedford, R.H., Wang, X., and Taylor, B.E. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the
North American Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History. 325: 1-218.
Tseng, Z.J. and Binder, W.J. 2010. Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus,
and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society. 158: 683–696.
Tseng, Z. J. and Wang, X. 2010. Cranial Functional Morphology of Fossil Dogs and Adaptation
for Durophagy in Borophagus and Epicyon (Carnivora, Mammalia). Journal of
Morphology. 271:1386–1398.
Tseng, Z.J. and Wang, X. 2011. Do convergent ecomorphs evolve through convergent
morphological pathways? Cranial shape evolution in fossil hyaenids and borophagine
canids (Carnivora, Mammalia). Paleobiology, 37(3), 2011, pp. 470–489.
65
Van Valkenburgh, B. 2007. De´ja`vu: the evolution of feeding morphologies in the Carnivora.
Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47(1): 147-169.
Van Valkenburgh, B. 1990. Skeletal and dental predictors of body mass in carnivores; pp. 181206 in J. Damuth and B.J. MacFadden (eds.), Body size in mammalian paleobiology.
Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Van Valkenburgh, B., and K. P. Koepfli. 1993. Cranial and dental adaptations to predation in
canids; pp. 15-37 in N. Dunstone and M. L. Gorman (eds.), Mammals as Predators: the
Proceedings of a Symposium Held by the Zoological Society of London and the
Mammal Society, London, 22nd and 23rd November (Symposia of the Zoological
Society of London). Clarendon Press Limited, London.
Van Valkenburgh, B. and Ruff, C.B. 1978. Canine tooth strength and killing behavior in large
carnivores. Journal of Zoology. 212(3): 379-397.
Van Valkenburgh, B. and Sacco, T. 2002. Sexual Dimorphism, Social Behavior, and Intrasexual
Competition in Large Pleistocene Carnivorans. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
22(1): 164-169.
Van Valkenburgh, B., Sacco, T., and Wang, X. 2003. Pack Hunting in Miocene Borophagine
Dogs: Evidence from Craniodental Morphology and Body Size (Chapter 7). Bulletin of
the American Museum of Natural History, Number 279:147-162.
Wang, X. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae).
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 221: 1–207.
Wang, X. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History 221:1–207.
Wang, X.., Tedford, R.H. and Taylor, B.E. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae
(Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243: 1–391.
66
Wang, X. and Tedford, R.H. 2008. Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives & Evolutionary History. New
York, New York. Columbia University Press.
Werdelin L. 1989. Constraint and adaptation in the bone- cracking canid Osteoborus (Mammalia,
Canidae). Paleobiology 15:387–401.
Yom-Tov, Y. and Geffen, E. 2011. Recent spatial and temporal changes in body size of
terrestrial vertebrates: probable causes and pitfalls. Biology Reviews. 86: 531-541.
Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L., Sheets, H. D., and Fink, W. L. 2004. Geometric
morphometrics for biologists. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
67
APPENDIX A
68
APPENDIX B-List of all specimens, Procrustes-adjusted landmark coordinates, and distance measurements.
Specimen #_Pit #
Pit #
Side lnCentroid Centroid
Size
Size
Coronoid
ln Coronoid
Height
Height
2301-L-101_13
13
L
7.86019065 2592.015
0.299452872
-1.20579823
2301-L-106_61-67
6167
L
8.00486441 2995.494
0.299878022
-1.204379481
2301-L-109_61-67
6167
L
7.90080809 2699.463
0.298282709
-1.209713554
2301-L-10_61-67
6167
L
7.97077985 2895.114
0.297839358
-1.211201005
2301-L-120_61-67
6167
L
7.94454879 2820.16
0.315947511
-1.152179184
2301-L-123_61-67
6167
L
7.99010739 2951.614
0.297404366
-1.212662564
2301-L-12_61-67
6167
L
7.90136079 2700.955
0.310634369
-1.169138721
2301-L-140_61-67
6167
L
7.92484344 2765.131
0.315768525
-1.152745848
2301-L-143_13
13
L
7.87456488 2629.542
0.310068697
-1.170961403
2301-L-148_61-67
6167
L
7.94243691 2814.21
0.300270064
-1.203072996
2301-L-154_61-67
6167
L
7.90699775 2716.223
0.292710797
-1.228570198
2301-L-155_61-67
6167
L
7.9442136
0.306678464
-1.181955428
2301-L-156_61-67
6167
L
7.96296179 2872.568
0.30887886
-1.174806119
2819.215
69
2301-L-164_61-67
6167
L
7.93838327 2802.825
0.307384718
-1.179655162
2301-L-167_61-67
6167
L
7.91911315 2749.332
0.307355811
-1.179749208
2301-L-173_13
13
L
7.93438705 2791.647
0.30645195
-1.182694305
2301-L-185_61-67
6167
L
7.94151154 2811.607
0.306712654
-1.181843952
2301-L-186_61-67
6167
L
7.89935566 2695.545
0.308737916
-1.17526253
2301-L-193_61-67
6167
L
7.91126199 2727.831
0.296977478
-1.214098976
2301-L-203_61-67
6167
L
7.95037126 2836.628
0.283762043
-1.259619269
2301-L-210_61-67
6167
L
7.92083107 2754.059
0.315318403
-1.154172347
2301-L-211_61-67
6167
L
7.99520605 2966.702
0.303186823
-1.193406087
2301-L-218_61-67
6167
L
7.98771741 2944.568
0.323153759
-1.129627035
2301-L-242_61-67
6167
L
7.98803542 2945.505
0.297210254
-1.213315464
2301-L-244_61-67
6167
L
7.95832331 2859.275
0.294388031
-1.222856547
2301-L-245_61-67
6167
L
7.95375408 2846.24
0.29183072
-1.23158137
2301-L-246_61-67
6167
L
7.90134218 2700.905
0.297721515
-1.211596744
2301-L-28_61-67
6167
L
7.91138507 2728.167
0.30520981
-1.186755838
2301-L-419_13
13
L
7.83471683 2526.82
0.301506135
-1.198964914
70
2301-L-425_61-67
6167
L
7.89747398 2690.478
0.311782073
-1.16545082
2301-L-428_61-67
6167
L
7.98286283 2930.308
0.302893746
-1.194373208
2301-L-42_61-67
6167
L
7.99955097 2979.62
0.30377898
-1.191454882
2301-L-430_61-67
6167
L
7.94617642 2824.754
0.298277686
-1.209730394
2301-L-433_61-67
6167
L
7.96509633 2878.706
0.301675154
-1.198404489
2301-L-447_13
13
L
7.82656003 2506.293
0.299518996
-1.205577437
2301-L-44_61-67
6167
L
7.93117193 2782.686
0.300127452
-1.203548055
2301-L-451_13
13
L
7.86726196 2610.408
0.332824256
-1.100140687
2301-L-455_61-67
6167
L
7.89336074 2679.434
0.300427579
-1.202548555
2301-L-466_13
13
L
7.91279026 2732.003
0.323431333
-1.12876845
2301-L-468_13
13
L
7.85403723 2576.114
0.312645295
-1.162685975
2301-L-469_61-67
6167
L
7.86497541 2604.446
0.303632737
-1.191936409
2301-L-474_13
13
L
7.82478356 2501.845
0.30218366
-1.196720302
2301-L-475_13
13
L
7.85750525 2585.063
0.297247731
-1.213189376
2301-L-482_61-67
6167
L
7.85774928 2585.694
0.295031177
-1.220674243
2301-L-48_61-67
6167
L
7.88820944 2665.667
0.318967768
-1.142665223
71
2301-L-490_13
13
L
7.8435148
2549.149
0.306614768
-1.182163146
2301-L-493_61-67
6167
L
7.84318652 2548.312
0.298085032
-1.210376491
2301-L-4_61-67
6167
L
8.01350509 3021.489
0.291094389
-1.234107704
2301-L-500_13
13
L
7.87699078 2635.929
0.294143487
-1.223687581
2301-L-509_61-67
6167
L
7.89589543 2686.234
0.312397744
-1.163478083
2301-L-50_61-67
6167
L
7.97838264 2917.209
0.306541841
-1.182401021
2301-L-511_61-67
6167
L
7.98439092 2934.789
0.305222762
-1.186713401
2301-L-514_61-67
6167
L
7.97267447 2900.605
0.306518658
-1.18247665
2301-L-516_61-67
6167
L
7.98301922 2930.766
0.303409046
-1.192673397
2301-L-517_61-67
6167
L
7.92982046 2778.928
0.290607267
-1.23578252
2301-L-518_61-67
6167
L
7.9512671
0.289138113
-1.240850807
2301-L-537_61-67
6167
L
7.90636201 2714.497
0.296006183
-1.217374936
2301-L-63_13
13
L
7.91830158 2747.101
0.302016893
-1.197272326
2301-L-64_61-67
6167
L
7.95386413 2846.553
0.294642544
-1.221992373
2301-L-65_61-67
6167
L
8.01844266 3036.445
0.294147211
-1.223674919
2301-L-66_61-67
6167
L
7.91407363 2735.511
0.280630268
-1.270717248
2839.17
72
2301-L-68_61-67
6167
L
7.91268058 2731.703
0.299094253
-1.206996529
2301-L-70_13
13
L
7.90953228 2723.117
0.301682166
-1.198381248
2301-L-72_13
13
L
7.88021163 2644.432
0.313911647
-1.158643711
2301-L-74_61-67
6167
L
7.95680585 2854.939
0.297930649
-1.210894542
2301-L-79_61-67
6167
L
7.97642668 2911.509
0.291719701
-1.231961867
2301-L-81_61-67
6167
L
7.96674491 2883.456
0.297351945
-1.21283884
2301-L-84_61-67
6167
L
7.97147079 2897.115
0.295124381
-1.22035838
2301-L-85_61-67
6167
L
8.00617492 2999.422
0.290117948
-1.237467722
2301-L-92_13
13
L
7.90823341 2719.582
0.29453884
-1.222344401
2301-L-93_13
13
L
7.91400803 2735.332
0.297656674
-1.211814557
2301-L-95_61-67
6167
L
7.94826242 2830.652
0.306850809
-1.181393614
2301-L-97_61-67
6167
L
7.92533536 2766.492
0.262456339
-1.337670538
2301-L-99_61-67
6167
L
7.84329887 2548.598
0.295611487
-1.21870923
28662_2051
2051
R
7.9332599
2788.502
0.298445631
-1.209167504
28663_2051
2051
R
7.9369596
2798.838
0.315132604
-1.154761763
28720_2051
2051
R
7.96878024 2889.331
0.322701357
-1.131027976
73
28736_2051
2051
R
7.87006225 2617.729
0.315697485
-1.152970849
28738b_2051
2051
R
7.91188192 2729.522
0.320757262
-1.137070635
28739_2051
2051
R
7.94368243 2817.717
0.319054146
-1.142394454
28756_2051
2051
R
7.94796081 2829.799
0.332762443
-1.100326428
28758_2051
2051
R
7.94785273 2829.493
0.322198718
-1.132586788
29041_2051
2051
R
7.9071295
2716.581
0.303686953
-1.191757868
29049_2051
2051
R
7.9066746
2715.346
0.314288949
-1.157442497
29056_2051
2051
R
7.86741088 2610.797
0.306120193
-1.183777466
29068_2051
2051
R
7.89580993 2686.004
0.289152689
-1.240800396
29075_2051
2051
R
7.92008774 2752.012
0.310159605
-1.170668261
29082_2051
2051
R
7.92839326 2774.965
0.314167153
-1.157830099
76919_2051
2051
R
7.83766721 2534.286
0.313529766
-1.159860977
associated with 2301-R-214_61-67 6167
L
8.01044723 3012.264
0.297568118
-1.212112113
JR3_2051
2051
R
7.87375493 2627.413
0.301731419
-1.198217997
LACMHC 54899_13
13
L
7.82098797 2492.367
0.291101729
-1.234082489
LACMHC 54901_13
13
L
7.90431813 2708.955
0.315534175
-1.153488284
74
LACMHC 54903_13
13
L
7.86175584 2596.075
0.320850541
-1.13677987
LACMHC 54909_13
13
L
7.87475813 2630.05
0.292433629
-1.229517546
LACMHC 54912_13
13
L
7.93222644 2785.622
0.291181894
-1.233807142
LACMHC 54913_13
13
L
7.86358145 2600.818
0.299956125
-1.204119064
LACMHC 54917_13
13
L
7.97248724 2900.062
0.279436356
-1.274980719
LACMHC 54921_13
13
L
7.89511492 2684.138
0.318076669
-1.145462829
LACMHC 54922_13
13
L
7.85484388 2578.193
0.300207556
-1.203281192
LACMHC 54924_13
13
L
7.87936933 2642.206
0.296955584
-1.214172699
LACMHC 54940_13
13
L
7.85510307 2578.861
0.296211437
-1.216681764
LACMHC 54943_13
13
L
7.84267528 2547.01
0.287906016
-1.245121184
LACMHC 54958_13
13
L
7.84103929 2542.846
0.318594342
-1.14383664
LACMHC 54959_13
13
L
7.86246458 2597.915
0.307458169
-1.179416235
LACMHC 54962_13
13
L
7.85029725 2566.497
0.318709252
-1.143476026
LACMHC 54975_13
13
L
7.84186778 2544.954
0.300464349
-1.202426172
LACMHC 54976_13
13
L
7.85973147 2590.825
0.293103351
-1.22723
LACMHC 54977_13
13
L
7.88802649 2665.179
0.321870341
-1.133606481
75
LACMHC 54983_13
13
L
7.90081502 2699.482
0.306872269
-1.181323678
LACMHC 55509_61-67
6167
L
7.94024728 2808.055
0.29165141
-1.232195992
LACMHC 55513_61-67
6167
L
7.88718154 2662.928
0.306777558
-1.181632359
LACMHC 55516_61-67
6167
L
7.90865057 2720.717
0.303407096
-1.192679823
LACMHC 55518_61-67
6167
L
7.85323401 2574.045
0.306186146
-1.183562043
LACMHC 55520_61-67
6167
L
7.9038449
2707.673
0.317198411
-1.148227798
LACMHC 55521_61-67
6167
L
7.88438566 2655.493
0.298116764
-1.210270043
LACMHC 55660_61-67
6167
L
7.93123277 2782.855
0.294986582
-1.22082541
LACMHC 55665_61-67
6167
L
7.92143724 2755.729
0.29485992
-1.221254882
LACMHC 55666_61-67
6167
L
8.00820454 3005.516
0.290061852
-1.237661095
LACMHC 55667_61-67
6167
L
7.9771287
2913.553
0.293386047
-1.226265969
LACMHC 55675_61-67
6167
L
7.97152389 2897.269
0.302028253
-1.197234712
LACMHC 55681_61-67
6167
L
7.8967662
2688.574
0.291800988
-1.231683257
LACMHC 55683_61-67
6167
L
7.96658224 2882.987
0.301881343
-1.197721244
LACMHC 55685_61-67
6167
L
7.89232363 2676.656
0.300776445
-1.201387997
LACMHC 55691_61-67
6167
L
7.97757837 2914.864
0.291469146
-1.232821124
76
LACMHC 55692_61-67
6167
L
7.98596001 2939.398
0.2912489
-1.233577051
LACMHC 55693_61-67
6167
L
7.93209913 2785.267
0.295473496
-1.219176139
LACMHC 55694_61-67
6167
L
7.84064574 2541.846
0.288441826
-1.243261856
LACMHC 55695_61-67
6167
L
7.83591056 2529.838
0.284999304
-1.25526854
LACMHC 675_61-67
6167
L
7.93665926 2797.997
0.311393347
-1.166698384
LACMHC 676_61-67
6167
L
7.91041489 2725.521
0.290566718
-1.235922064
LACMHC 680_61-67
6167
L
7.89915836 2695.013
0.295560257
-1.218882549
LACMHC 681_61-67
6167
L
7.89941516 2695.705
0.297520668
-1.212271583
LACMHC 682_61-67
6167
L
7.94112334 2810.516
0.305111338
-1.187078526
LACMHC 683_61-67
6167
L
7.95661931 2854.407
0.301887769
-1.197699957
R17460_91
91
L
8.00163951 2985.849
0.301855
-1.19780851
R17488_91
91
L
7.97918986 2919.565
0.28538309
-1.253922826
R17928_91
91
L
7.92254701 2758.789
0.298048556
-1.210498866
R18664_91
91
L
7.96743108 2885.435
0.312603701
-1.162819022
R27246_91
91
L
7.85384794 2575.626
0.287340513
-1.247087309
R28351_91
91
L
7.91906572 2749.201
0.309781145
-1.171889216
77
R28379_91
91
L
8.00932313 3008.88
0.28976655
-1.238679679
R28913_91
91
L
7.94071979 2809.382
0.294325811
-1.223067926
R30721_91
91
L
7.91345398 2733.817
0.299732082
-1.204866264
R30746_91
91
L
7.99167998 2956.259
0.300448363
-1.202479375
R31305_91
91
L
7.88981604 2669.953
0.280904854
-1.269739263
R34526_91
91
L
7.95971562 2863.259
0.296913252
-1.214315263
R34706_91
91
L
8.02481681 3055.861
0.285266547
-1.254331283
R38491_91
91
L
7.94233827 2813.933
0.271605913
-1.303403113
R39009_91
91
L
7.81077708 2467.047
0.281057332
-1.269196601
R39376_91
91
L
7.98283721 2930.233
0.299377656
-1.20604944
R39566_91
91
L
7.88071553 2645.765
0.289670238
-1.239012113
R39965_91
91
L
7.90904221 2721.782
0.282503205
-1.264065382
R40942_91
91
L
7.90608347 2713.741
0.295967769
-1.21750472
R52965_91
91
L
7.84525254 2553.582
0.282140873
-1.265348783
R53460_91
91
L
7.91031752 2725.256
0.300812439
-1.201268334
R53878_91
91
L
7.96877102 2889.304
0.296669544
-1.215136407
78
Specimen #_Pit #
M2 size
2301-L-101_13
ln M2 size
M1 Grinding
ln M1 grinding
M1 Shearing
ln M1 Shearing
0.03015419 -3.5014315 0.0343449
-3.3713017
0.08823617
-2.4277384
2301-L-106_61-67
0.046379
-3.0709084 0.03399546
-3.3815283
0.09615369
-2.3418074
2301-L-109_61-67
0.04956342 -3.0045022 0.03396187
-3.3825169
0.09520413
-2.351732
2301-L-10_61-67
0.05043452 -2.9870793 0.02561159
-3.6647103
0.09511816
-2.3526354
2301-L-120_61-67
0.05023927 -2.9909583 0.03230077
-3.4326641
0.09997234
-2.3028618
2301-L-123_61-67
0.05045811 -2.9866118 0.03388654
-3.3847373
0.09725619
-2.3304067
2301-L-12_61-67
0.05011242 -2.9934865 0.0293985
-3.5268118
0.10061319
-2.2964719
2301-L-140_61-67
0.04842418 -3.027756
0.03096252
-3.4749779
0.09281006
-2.3772002
2301-L-143_13
0.0560015
-2.8823768 0.03682773
-3.3015041
0.1015564
-2.2871409
2301-L-148_61-67
0.04877609 -3.0205151 0.03172089
-3.4507799
0.09273272
-2.3780339
2301-L-154_61-67
0.0474353
-3.4527856
0.09738463
-2.3290869
2301-L-155_61-67
0.05049338 -2.985913
-3.3157448
0.09081652
-2.3989141
2301-L-156_61-67
0.05179046 -2.9605492 0.03561903
-3.3348752
0.09552786
-2.3483374
2301-L-164_61-67
0.05555395 -2.8904006 0.02971811
-3.5159987
0.09532046
-2.3505108
2301-L-167_61-67
0.05078879 -2.9800795 0.03607482
-3.3221601
0.08704276
-2.4413558
-3.0483886 0.03165733
0.036307
79
2301-L-173_13
0.05108754 -2.9742146 0.04083768
-3.1981501
0.08992178
-2.4088151
2301-L-185_61-67
0.04881347 -3.0197489 0.03600869
-3.323995
0.09410976
-2.3632935
2301-L-186_61-67
0.0490399
-3.0151211 0.03378997
-3.3875913
0.09201563
-2.3857968
2301-L-193_61-67
0.05184
-2.9595932 0.03503396
-3.3514373
0.0953096
-2.3506247
2301-L-203_61-67
0.05399716 -2.9188238 0.03609617
-3.3215685
0.09198634
-2.3861152
2301-L-210_61-67
0.05411659 -2.9166144 0.03668033
-3.3055147
0.09236251
-2.3820341
2301-L-211_61-67
0.04843096 -3.0276159 0.03294721
-3.4128486
0.09691
-2.3339725
2301-L-218_61-67
0.04845464 -3.0271272 0.02797598
-3.5764091
0.09611878
-2.3421706
2301-L-242_61-67
0.04174889 -3.1760825 0.03310608
-3.4080383
0.09170911
-2.3891336
2301-L-244_61-67
0.04910565 -3.0137812 0.03478629
-3.3585319
0.09240129
-2.3816144
2301-L-245_61-67
0.05099768 -2.9759751 0.03730173
-3.2887155
0.09203852
-2.385548
2301-L-246_61-67
0.05374696 -2.9234683 0.03299142
-3.4115078
0.09331528
-2.3717714
2301-L-28_61-67
0.04921288 -3.0115999 0.03601308
-3.3238731
0.09006684
-2.4072032
2301-L-419_13
0.05533913 -2.8942749 0.03033658
-3.495401
0.09583632
-2.3451135
2301-L-425_61-67
0.04777947 -3.0411593 0.0335441
-3.3948943
0.09371749
-2.3674704
2301-L-428_61-67
0.05136857 -2.9687287 0.03369338
-3.3904539
0.08455082
-2.4704025
80
2301-L-42_61-67
0.0503073
-2.9896051 0.03356805
-3.3941806
0.09104775
-2.3963712
2301-L-430_61-67
0.05471193 -2.9056736 0.02842926
-3.5603363
0.09182122
-2.3879118
2301-L-433_61-67
0.04452001 -3.1118165 0.03161333
-3.4541763
0.09869761
-2.3156946
2301-L-447_13
0.0560216
-3.21691
0.11257406
-2.184144
2301-L-44_61-67
0.05080791 -2.9797032 0.03738087
-3.2865962
0.08699306
-2.4419269
2301-L-451_13
0.05301775 -2.9371285 0.03545111
-3.3396008
0.09741131
-2.3288129
2301-L-455_61-67
0.04765013 -3.0438699 0.03287667
-3.414992
0.0871195
-2.4404745
2301-L-466_13
0.03577762 -3.3304328 0.03388514
-3.3847787
0.09838701
-2.3188465
2301-L-468_13
0.05625554 -2.8778507 0.03299771
-3.411317
0.09736861
-2.3292514
2301-L-469_61-67
0.05989757 -2.8151193 0.03795175
-3.2714395
0.08358668
-2.4818711
2301-L-474_13
0.05524902 -2.8959047 0.0313125
-3.4637379
0.08746603
-2.4365048
2301-L-475_13
0.05447137 -2.91008
0.03948778
-3.2317641
0.09487072
-2.3552402
2301-L-482_61-67
0.05078722 -2.9801106 0.03301846
-3.4106885
0.09856115
-2.3170781
2301-L-48_61-67
0.04912195 -3.0134494 0.03368963
-3.3905651
0.09623511
-2.3409611
2301-L-490_13
0.05188293 -2.9587654 0.04072431
-3.2009301
0.10047547
-2.2978417
2301-L-493_61-67
0.05769057 -2.8526615 0.04585066
-3.0823657
0.09964677
-2.3061236
-2.8820179 0.04007871
81
2301-L-4_61-67
0.04857152 -3.024718
0.03523781
-3.3456356
0.09817604
-2.3209931
2301-L-500_13
0.05231497 -2.9504727 0.03634464
-3.3147086
0.09596562
-2.3437653
2301-L-509_61-67
0.05170244 -2.9622504 0.03897278
-3.2448918
0.09403591
-2.3640785
2301-L-50_61-67
0.05302783 -2.9369384 0.03010538
-3.5030515
0.09093333
-2.3976286
2301-L-511_61-67
0.05153291 -2.9655346 0.03541729
-3.3405551
0.09335156
-2.3713827
2301-L-514_61-67
0.04895653 -3.0168225 0.0362256
-3.3179891
0.09122226
-2.3944563
2301-L-516_61-67
0.04587943 -3.0817384 0.03356519
-3.3942657
0.09264905
-2.3789366
2301-L-517_61-67
0.04507197 -3.0994948 0.03893215
-3.2459348
0.09949409
-2.307657
2301-L-518_61-67
0.04828952 -3.0305408 0.03317938
-3.4058267
0.09298758
-2.3752893
2301-L-537_61-67
0.05347276 -2.9285829 0.03344873
-3.3977416
0.09212019
-2.3846611
2301-L-63_13
0.05148021 -2.9665578 0.03028157
-3.497216
0.08892899
-2.419917
2301-L-64_61-67
0.05181795 -2.9600188 0.03589648
-3.3271162
0.08739022
-2.4373719
2301-L-65_61-67
0.04640901 -3.0702617 0.02732666
-3.5998924
0.08612155
-2.4519956
2301-L-66_61-67
0.04660025 -3.0661494 0.0301827
-3.5004864
0.09435829
-2.3606561
2301-L-68_61-67
0.05288822 -2.9395746 0.03479032
-3.3584161
0.08982723
-2.4098671
2301-L-70_13
0.05626358 -2.8777079 0.04347097
-3.1356619
0.09492498
-2.3546684
82
2301-L-72_13
0.04989614 -2.9978116 0.03532241
-3.3432376
0.08883699
-2.4209522
2301-L-74_61-67
0.05063313 -2.9831493 0.03468382
-3.361482
0.08689877
-2.4430114
2301-L-79_61-67
0.04940281 -3.007748
0.03004088
-3.5051963
0.08697252
-2.4421631
2301-L-81_61-67
0.04900898 -3.0157517 0.03896748
-3.2450278
0.10457223
-2.2578773
2301-L-84_61-67
0.0458558
-3.0822535 0.03560785
-3.3351891
0.09575617
-2.3459502
2301-L-85_61-67
0.0580016
-2.8472848 0.04470636
-3.1076395
0.08169057
-2.5048167
2301-L-92_13
0.05246319 -2.9476434 0.03344486
-3.3978571
0.09843817
-2.3183266
2301-L-93_13
0.04766662 -3.0435239 0.03526535
-3.3448543
0.09786249
-2.324192
2301-L-95_61-67
0.04915483 -3.0127801 0.03182814
-3.4474045
0.09495425
-2.3543601
2301-L-97_61-67
0.05081431 -2.9795773 0.03462937
-3.3630531
0.09301621
-2.3749815
2301-L-99_61-67
0.06238846 -2.7743749 0.02946976
-3.5243905
0.09517116
-2.3520783
28662_2051
0.05205362 -2.9554809 0.03596361
-3.3252478
0.09104172
-2.3964374
28663_2051
0.05694844 -2.8656089 0.03489767
-3.3553352
0.09055269
-2.4018234
28720_2051
0.05154464 -2.9653071 0.03181493
-3.4478195
0.08723527
-2.4391465
28736_2051
0.05504267 -2.8996465 0.03626084
-3.317017
0.08939375
-2.4147045
28738b_2051
0.05243494 -2.9481821 0.0369647
-3.2977919
0.0931438
-2.3736107
83
28739_2051
0.04793609 -3.0378866 0.03333956
-3.4010105
0.09430721
-2.3611977
28756_2051
0.05431058 -2.9130362 0.03398351
-3.3818797
0.09194727
-2.38654
28758_2051
0.04712167 -3.0550223 0.02983
-3.5122407
0.0878148
-2.4325253
29041_2051
0.05402315 -2.9183425 0.03800276
-3.2700964
0.08454832
-2.4704321
29049_2051
0.05179109 -2.9605371 0.02935148
-3.5284122
0.10166719
-2.2860506
29056_2051
0.04729697 -3.051309
0.0275272
-3.5925806
0.1041109
-2.2622986
29068_2051
0.05452007 -2.9091863 0.0381948
-3.2650558
0.0903279
-2.4043089
29075_2051
0.0535056
-3.424431
0.08588543
-2.4547411
29082_2051
0.05497544 -2.9008688 0.03894611
-3.2455765
0.08846574
-2.4251399
76919_2051
0.05620636 -2.8787254 0.03393001
-3.3834553
0.08532057
-2.4613397
associated with 2301-
0.0592259
-2.8263964 0.03950657
-3.2312884
0.08398211
-2.4771515
JR3_2051
0.05052132 -2.9853598 0.03434925
-3.3711752
0.09236025
-2.3820586
LACMHC 54899_13
0.04996501 -2.9964323 0.0293882
-3.5271619
0.09272554
-2.3781114
LACMHC 54901_13
0.06129604 -2.7920401 0.03750786
-3.2832047
0.08564268
-2.4575715
LACMHC 54903_13
0.05471559 -2.9056065 0.04044567
-3.2077957
0.08834121
-2.4265486
-2.927969
0.03256781
R-214_61-67
84
LACMHC 54909_13
0.05443935 -2.910668
0.03931749
-3.2360859
0.09286813
-2.3765748
LACMHC 54912_13
0.04797674 -3.0370391 0.03987334
-3.2220473
0.08604969
-2.4528304
LACMHC 54913_13
0.04248445 -3.1586171 0.0349911
-3.3526616
0.09694139
-2.3336488
LACMHC 54917_13
0.04750517 -3.0469167 0.03605475
-3.3227168
0.09400385
-2.3644195
LACMHC 54921_13
0.05045942 -2.9865859 0.03350961
-3.3959229
0.09127089
-2.3939234
LACMHC 54922_13
0.04967899 -3.0021733 0.0306097
-3.4864384
0.09322493
-2.3727401
LACMHC 54924_13
0.05162359 -2.9637766 0.03149513
-3.4579225
0.09355678
-2.3691867
LACMHC 54940_13
0.0595006
-2.8217688 0.03842037
-3.2591676
0.09696529
-2.3334022
LACMHC 54943_13
0.05065828 -2.9826525 0.03504865
-3.3510182
0.0891734
-2.4171725
LACMHC 54958_13
0.05584017 -2.8852618 0.03640578
-3.3130277
0.09158233
-2.3905169
LACMHC 54959_13
0.05632532 -2.8766112 0.03399775
-3.3814609
0.09721523
-2.3308279
LACMHC 54962_13
0.05389529 -2.9207122 0.03547615
-3.3388947
0.0894043
-2.4145865
LACMHC 54975_13
0.05813837 -2.8449294 0.04328704
-3.139902
0.10142352
-2.2884502
LACMHC 54976_13
0.05455953 -2.9084629 0.04248208
-3.1586729
0.09407485
-2.3636646
LACMHC 54977_13
0.05226062 -2.9515122 0.04410426
-3.121199
0.10760661
-2.2292732
LACMHC 54983_13
0.05323026 -2.9331282 0.03705156
-3.2954448
0.08824287
-2.4276624
85
LACMHC 55509_61- 0.05537727 -2.8935861 0.03277064
-3.4182224
0.08637248
-2.4490862
-2.9733116 0.03719229
-3.2916538
0.09509722
-2.3528556
LACMHC 55516_61- 0.05166925 -2.9628925 0.03949925
-3.2314735
0.0900858
-2.4069927
-3.3505927
0.09088092
-2.3982052
0.03481228
-3.3577852
0.08962024
-2.412174
LACMHC 55521_61- 0.04987489 -2.9982376 0.03352389
-3.3954969
0.09730076
-2.3299485
-2.9468526 0.02701056
-3.6115274
0.09099047
-2.3970005
-2.9687945 0.03210006
-3.4388975
0.09110321
-2.3957622
67
LACMHC 55513_61- 0.0511337
67
67
LACMHC 55518_61- 0.05079172 -2.9800218 0.03506356
67
LACMHC 55520_61- 0.05260716 -2.944903
67
67
LACMHC 55660_61- 0.0525047
67
LACMHC 55665_61- 0.0513652
67
86
LACMHC 55666_61- 0.04548074 -3.0904664 0.03172566
-3.4506295
0.09250617
-2.3804799
-3.2948261
0.09202807
-2.3856616
-3.382357
0.0990612
-2.3120174
-3.2911465
0.09053237
-2.4020479
-3.4667726
0.08951202
-2.4133824
-3.4024894
0.0921711
-2.3841087
-3.1900867
0.08663092
-2.4460985
-3.3255112
0.09563654
-2.3472003
67
LACMHC 55667_61- 0.05266552 -2.9437943 0.03707449
67
LACMHC 55675_61- 0.04927469 -3.0103448 0.0339673
67
LACMHC 55681_61- 0.04720178 -3.0533237 0.03721116
67
LACMHC 55683_61- 0.04998311 -2.9960701 0.03121762
67
LACMHC 55685_61- 0.05724871 -2.8603501 0.03329029
67
LACMHC 55691_61- 0.05121393 -2.9717437 0.0411683
67
LACMHC 55692_61- 0.05142848 -2.9675631 0.03595413
67
87
LACMHC 55693_61- 0.05406025 -2.9176561 0.03001516
-3.5060527
0.09066179
-2.4006192
-3.2098913
0.09528197
-2.3509147
-3.2542862
0.09031918
-2.4044054
LACMHC 675_61-67 0.05011741 -2.9933868 0.03257231
-3.4242928
0.08640252
-2.4487384
LACMHC 676_61-67 0.05183721 -2.9596471 0.03876337
-3.2502796
0.08300836
-2.488814
LACMHC 680_61-67 0.05767619 -2.8529108 0.03675138
-3.3035796
0.09650944
-2.3381145
LACMHC 681_61-67 0.04768681 -3.0431003 0.03858167
-3.2549779
0.09420496
-2.3622825
LACMHC 682_61-67 0.05283339 -2.940612
0.03566772
-3.3335092
0.09406357
-2.3637844
LACMHC 683_61-67 0.04930279 -3.0097746 0.03369783
-3.3903217
0.09093417
-2.3976195
R17460_91
0.04792886 -3.0380374 0.0306386
-3.4854945
0.09505928
-2.3532546
R17488_91
0.04854805 -3.0252012 0.03255171
-3.4249253
0.09552351
-2.3483829
R17928_91
0.04875159 -3.0210174 0.03631298
-3.3155801
0.09881562
-2.3144996
R18664_91
0.0513693
-3.4061304
0.09534404
-2.3502635
67
LACMHC 55694_61- 0.05257796 -2.9454583 0.040361
67
LACMHC 55695_61- 0.04587488 -3.0818375 0.03860837
67
-2.9687145 0.0331693
88
R27246_91
0.05501315 -2.900183
0.03672656
-3.3042551
0.09663185
-2.3368469
R28351_91
0.05459161 -2.9078751 0.03759938
-3.2807676
0.09524346
-2.3513189
R28379_91
0.05507184 -2.8991167 0.03125676
-3.4655195
0.09616856
-2.3416527
R28913_91
0.05244199 -2.9480477 0.0347922
-3.3583621
0.09921819
-2.3104339
R30721_91
0.05207067 -2.9551534 0.03673948
-3.3039032
0.08712
-2.4404688
R30746_91
0.05462435 -2.9072755 0.03667333
-3.3057055
0.09725231
-2.3304465
R31305_91
0.0535079
0.03078743
-3.4806489
0.09116378
-2.3950976
R34526_91
0.05141727 -2.9677812 0.03535911
-3.3421992
0.08573774
-2.4564622
R34706_91
0.04983189 -2.9991002 0.03024271
-3.4985
0.09768428
-2.3260147
R38491_91
0.05062933 -2.9832242 0.03497327
-3.3531713
0.08908638
-2.4181488
R39009_91
0.06225017 -2.776594
0.04369062
-3.1306217
0.09919976
-2.3106196
R39376_91
0.04948411 -3.0061036 0.02900794
-3.5401857
0.09691581
-2.3339126
R39566_91
0.05123588 -2.9713153 0.02759385
-3.5901623
0.08890157
-2.4202254
R39965_91
0.05499448 -2.9005224 0.03710804
-3.2939216
0.09145096
-2.3919524
R40942_91
0.04980684 -2.999603
0.02878037
-3.5480616
0.09203379
-2.3855995
R52965_91
0.05639273 -2.875415
0.03507231
-3.3503434
0.11327186
-2.1779645
-2.927926
89
R53460_91
0.05176038 -2.9611302 0.03445702
-3.3680425
0.09705009
-2.3325281
R53878_91
0.05049325 -2.9859156 0.03328363
-3.4026897
0.09484263
-2.3555363
Specimen
Premolar
ln Premolar
Canine
ln Canine
Molar Arcade ln Molar
Jaw Length
ln Jaw
#_Pit #
Arcade
Arcade
Size
Size
Arcade
2301-L-
0.21147805 -1.5536341
0.0509972
-2.9759846 0.15043739
-1.8942083
0.72895639
-0.3161414
0.2184055
-1.5214018
0.05292414 -2.9388958 0.17092373
-1.7665379
0.7248017
-0.3218572
0.20664039 -1.5767752
0.04857905 -3.0245629 0.17459081
-1.7453103
0.73323609
-0.3102875
0.21147696 -1.5536392
0.06781384 -2.690989
0.16573359
-1.7973737
0.75257085
-0.2842601
0.20626312 -1.5786027
0.05727476 -2.8598952 0.17848695
-1.7232398
0.72996994
-0.3147519
0.19599381 -1.6296722
0.05253112 -2.9463494 0.17851841
-1.7230635
0.72736149
-0.3183317
Length
101_13
2301-L106_61-67
2301-L109_61-67
2301-L-10_6167
2301-L120_61-67
2301-L-
90
123_61-67
2301-L-12_61-
0.20820559 -1.5692293
0.05925681 -2.8258746 0.1749427
-1.7432968
0.73151665
-0.3126353
0.19332702 -1.6433721
0.0678239
-1.7789545
0.73634782
-0.3060527
0.19880706 -1.6154205
0.06678581 -2.7062647 0.1891287
-1.6653275
0.7246281
-0.3220967
0.20023782 -1.6082495
0.06169107 -2.7856162 0.16980989
-1.7730757
0.73529666
-0.3074812
0.21945473 -1.5166093
0.05920026 -2.8268294 0.17304416
-1.7542085
0.73215306
-0.3117657
0.19843568 -1.6172902
0.07133174 -2.6404139 0.17484262
-1.743869
0.74156217
-0.2989963
0.20332146 -1.592967
0.05317135 -2.9342355 0.17552077
-1.7399979
0.72392206
-0.3230715
0.20452745 -1.5870531
0.04196258 -3.170977
-1.7297852
0.7176322
-0.3317981
67
2301-L-
-2.6908406 0.16881454
140_61-67
2301-L143_13
2301-L148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L155_61-67
2301-L156_61-67
2301-L-
91
0.1773225
164_61-67
2301-L-
0.20351237 -1.5920285
0.05187383 -2.9589409 0.17243008
-1.7577634
0.72167427
-0.3261814
0.19296961 -1.6452225
0.04797493 -3.0370768 0.17847022
-1.7233335
0.71582895
-0.334314
0.20361204 -1.5915388
0.06401242 -2.7486782 0.17439256
-1.7464465
0.73011953
-0.314547
0.20418905 -1.588709
0.06158756 -2.7872954 0.17324922
-1.7530241
0.73102204
-0.3133117
0.21104475 -1.5556851
0.06295565 -2.7653248 0.17749171
-1.7288314
0.72122751
-0.3268006
0.20962926 -1.5624147
0.06806136 -2.6873457 0.1770044
-1.7315807
0.727555
-0.3180657
0.19903535 -1.6142728
0.07068065 -2.6495835 0.17903209
-1.7201902
0.73024273
-0.3143783
0.20033951 -1.6077418
0.0631734
-1.7374797
0.74400843
-0.2957029
167_61-67
2301-L173_13
2301-L185_61-67
2301-L186_61-67
2301-L193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2301-L210_61-67
2301-L-
-2.7618719 0.17596332
92
211_61-67
2301-L-
0.19838828 -1.6175292
0.06318998 -2.7616095 0.17069436
-1.7678807
0.73478982
-0.3081708
0.20544263 -1.5825884
0.06577903 -2.7214542 0.1639787
-1.8080188
0.74584353
-0.2932395
0.20323088 -1.5934126
0.07175108 -2.6345524 0.17222827
-1.7589345
0.75062609
-0.2868476
0.20475962 -1.5859186
0.06680002 -2.7060519 0.17534753
-1.7409854
0.73681813
-0.3054142
0.20172002 -1.6008746
0.06204802 -2.7798467 0.17570321
-1.738959
0.73380765
-0.3095083
0.20111083 -1.6038991
0.05712954 -2.8624339 0.17146309
-1.7633873
0.72486002
-0.3217767
0.20729747 -1.5736005
0.04167652 -3.1778173 0.17888141
-1.7210322
0.71677408
-0.3329946
0.20078253 -1.6055329
0.06277123 -2.7682585 0.17054337
-1.7687657
0.72356417
-0.323566
218_61-67
2301-L242_61-67
2301-L244_61-67
2301-L245_61-67
2301-L246_61-67
2301-L-28_6167
2301-L419_13
2301-L-
93
425_61-67
2301-L-
0.20851832 -1.5677284
0.06084025 -2.7995037 0.16560165
-1.7981701
0.72767811
-0.3178965
0.20174574 -1.6007471
0.06620094 -2.7150606 0.17029854
-1.7702023
0.72655968
-0.3194347
0.21625685 -1.5312884
0.06762485 -2.6937797 0.16997425
-1.7721083
0.7345787
-0.3084581
0.20627659 -1.5785374
0.05840605 -2.8403358 0.171317
-1.7642396
0.7321396
-0.3117841
0.18747362 -1.6741171
0.06037899 -2.8071141 0.20617113
-1.5790487
0.71770578
-0.3316956
0.20687099 -1.5756599
0.06540838 -2.7271049 0.17016342
-1.770996
0.73467727
-0.308324
0.21052777 -1.5581377
0.06788227 -2.6899803 0.18082192
-1.7102426
0.72046529
-0.327858
0.21434073 -1.5401883
0.06331548 -2.7596254 0.16337064
-1.8117338
0.72897555
-0.3161151
428_61-67
2301-L-42_6167
2301-L430_61-67
2301-L433_61-67
2301-L447_13
2301-L-44_6167
2301-L451_13
2301-L-
94
455_61-67
2301-L-
0.20153867 -1.601774
0.04468887 -3.1080308 0.16509049
-1.8012615
0.72983856
-0.3149319
0.19962351 -1.6113221
0.05488207 -2.9025686 0.18247881
-1.7011212
0.71309059
-0.3381468
0.20266513 -1.5962003
0.07050846 -2.6520225 0.17834957
-1.7240098
0.73253224
-0.3112479
0.19953133 -1.611784
0.05401937 -2.9184125 0.17190572
-1.7608091
0.71842439
-0.3306948
0.19727397 -1.6231618
0.07449916 -2.5969674 0.18550876
-1.6846532
0.7402075
-0.3008247
0.20404404 -1.5894194
0.06536077 -2.727833
0.17745915
-1.7290148
0.72776065
-0.3177831
0.2032089
-1.5935208
0.06554987 -2.7249441 0.17481918
-1.7440031
0.7267181
-0.3192166
0.20213597 -1.5988147
0.06685487 -2.7052312 0.18916083
-1.6651577
0.72916468
-0.3158557
466_13
2301-L468_13
2301-L469_61-67
2301-L474_13
2301-L475_13
2301-L482_61-67
2301-L-48_6167
2301-L-
95
490_13
2301-L-
0.21056067 -1.5579815
0.06028674 -2.8086431 0.20104602
-1.6042215
0.72145128
-0.3264904
0.19556391 -1.631868
0.06752369 -2.6952768 0.17771184
-1.7275919
0.73948903
-0.3017958
0.19726847 -1.6231897
0.07142295 -2.6391361 0.18108215
-1.7088045
0.73554586
-0.3071424
0.20117138 -1.6035981
0.05679137 -2.8683709 0.18070362
-1.710897
0.71776333
-0.3316154
0.20644389 -1.5777266
0.05984077 -2.816068
-1.7667715
0.73134374
-0.3128717
0.20085112 -1.6051914
0.06909549 -2.6722659 0.17468532
-1.7447691
0.73504373
-0.3078253
0.20025559 -1.6081608
0.06621104 -2.714908
0.17279004
-1.7556781
0.73438866
-0.3087169
0.20044259 -1.6072274
0.06417698 -2.7461106 0.16827352
-1.7821645
0.74458343
-0.2949304
493_61-67
2301-L-4_6167
2301-L500_13
2301-L509_61-67
2301-L-50_61-
0.1708838
67
2301-L511_61-67
2301-L514_61-67
2301-L-
96
516_61-67
2301-L-
0.204079
-1.5892481
0.04978965 -2.9999481 0.17972459
-1.7163296
0.72492368
-0.3216889
0.20348491 -1.5921634
0.06690427 -2.7044925 0.17087684
-1.7668122
0.72679215
-0.3191147
0.20399292 -1.58967
0.06574849 -2.7219186 0.17616899
-1.7363116
0.73025382
-0.3143631
2301-L-63_13
0.18897445 -1.6661435
0.06479659 -2.7365023 0.16855544
-1.7804905
0.74115745
-0.2995422
2301-L-64_61-
0.18643386 -1.6796787
0.06389064 -2.7505824 0.17209714
-1.7596962
0.73471062
-0.3082786
0.20060919 -1.6063966
0.05935482 -2.8242219 0.15760306
-1.8476757
0.74072687
-0.3001233
0.19934516 -1.6127175
0.05119179 -2.9721762 0.16891513
-1.7783589
0.72068701
-0.3275503
0.2123208
0.0698392
-1.7615779
0.73649179
-0.3058572
517_61-67
2301-L518_61-67
2301-L537_61-67
67
2301-L-65_6167
2301-L-66_6167
2301-L-68_61-
-1.5496569
-2.6615598 0.1717736
67
97
2301-L-70_13
0.20042147 -1.6073328
0.05363516 -2.9255505 0.18853021
-1.668497
0.721824
-0.3259739
2301-L-72_13
0.20386692 -1.5902879
0.05823556 -2.8432591 0.16829637
-1.7820288
0.7281511
-0.3172467
2301-L-74_61-
0.20628771 -1.5784834
0.06367792 -2.7539175 0.16892321
-1.778311
0.74121931
-0.2994587
0.2045691
-1.5868495
0.06251904 -2.7722842 0.16269637
-1.8158696
0.74374191
-0.2960612
0.19901348 -1.6143827
0.06898303 -2.6738947 0.18670054
-1.6782493
0.72280144
-0.3246207
0.20460341 -1.5866818
0.06747187 -2.6960446 0.17241591
-1.7578456
0.73802421
-0.3037786
0.19481831 -1.6356879
0.06902054 -2.6733512 0.17616016
-1.7363617
0.73633762
-0.3060665
2301-L-92_13
0.20123097 -1.6033019
0.05699405 -2.8648083 0.17950753
-1.7175381
0.72170586
-0.3261376
2301-L-93_13
0.19806617 -1.6191541
0.05124603 -2.9711171 0.17625092
-1.7358466
0.71705419
-0.3326039
2301-L-95_61-
0.20692415 -1.575403
0.06194522 -2.7815048 0.17063352
-1.7682372
0.73625058
-0.3061848
67
2301-L-79_6167
2301-L-81_6167
2301-L-84_6167
2301-L-85_6167
67
98
2301-L-97_61-
0.20942856 -1.5633726
0.07113221 -2.643215
0.19555312 -1.6319232
28662_2051
0.17525898
-1.7414905
0.74784746
-0.2905563
0.06088352 -2.7987928 0.1859618
-1.682214
0.72513159
-0.3214021
0.21146304 -1.5537051
0.06758831 -2.6943203 0.17630609
-1.7355336
0.74669774
-0.2920948
28663_2051
0.20848665 -1.5678802
0.06767154 -2.6930895 0.17573858
-1.7387578
0.71341978
-0.3376853
28720_2051
0.19938446 -1.6125204
0.0546938
0.16656767
-1.7923536
0.7218873
-0.3258862
28736_2051
0.19962017 -1.6113389
0.05578532 -2.8862446 0.17741626
-1.7292565
0.72091793
-0.32723
28738b_2051
0.20482132 -1.5856173
0.05665279 -2.8708141 0.17610855
-1.7366547
0.707795
-0.3456008
28739_2051
0.20152786 -1.6018277
0.06377098 -2.752457
-1.7762868
0.73492429
-0.3079878
28756_2051
0.19323762 -1.6438346
0.05194235 -2.9576208 0.17302013
-1.7543474
0.71086319
-0.3412753
28758_2051
0.20213815 -1.5988039
0.06604326 -2.7174453 0.15997917
-1.8327117
0.73367428
-0.3096901
29041_2051
0.20890511 -1.5658752
0.04912576 -3.0133718 0.17273174
-1.7560155
0.72101298
-0.3270981
29049_2051
0.20486941 -1.5853825
0.05468638 -2.9061406 0.17662146
-1.7337465
0.71417498
-0.3366273
29056_2051
0.20047276 -1.6070769
0.06746566 -2.6961366 0.17224408
-1.7588427
0.73695181
-0.3052328
29068_2051
0.19886723 -1.6151178
0.05881991 -2.8332749 0.17947228
-1.7177345
0.72656851
-0.3194225
67
2301-L-99_6167
-2.906005
99
0.1692655
29075_2051
0.19919197 -1.6134862
0.04941972 -3.0074057 0.16684758
-1.7906746
0.7262928
-0.319802
29082_2051
0.20632523 -1.5783015
0.07000362 -2.6592083 0.1780108
-1.725911
0.72759649
-0.3180087
76919_2051
0.20552605 -1.5821825
0.05935245 -2.8242619 0.17162103
-1.7624665
0.72803111
-0.3174115
associated with
0.17967397 -1.7166113
0.06183675 -2.7832574 0.18096602
-1.709446
0.73172054
-0.3123566
JR3_2051
0.19546266 -1.6323859
0.05977399 -2.8171847 0.17041859
-1.7694976
0.72733584
-0.318367
LACMHC
0.2148417
0.05898555 -2.8304628 0.16708942
-1.7892262
0.71198237
-0.3397021
0.19947556 -1.6120636
0.0508565
-2.9787474 0.18095878
-1.709486
0.71382199
-0.3371217
0.19280174 -1.6460929
0.0583265
-2.8416988 0.17988862
-1.7154174
0.71974745
-0.3288549
0.19927204 -1.6130844
0.04986115 -2.9985131 0.18271662
-1.6998188
0.71290457
-0.3384077
0.20815292 -1.5694823
0.06253371 -2.7720495 0.16996133
-1.7721844
0.73540585
-0.3073328
2301-R214_61-67
-1.5378538
54899_13
LACMHC
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
LACMHC
54909_13
LACMHC
100
54912_13
LACMHC
0.20922465 -1.5643467
0.06330627 -2.7597709 0.1710222
-1.7659619
0.73447249
-0.3086027
0.19972358 -1.610821
0.0523514
-1.744529
0.7335102
-0.3099138
0.21123148 -1.5548007
0.06482956 -2.7359936 0.17139702
-1.7637727
0.72449437
-0.3222813
0.19161691 -1.6522572
0.04305516 -3.1452732 0.16955227
-1.774594
0.71881673
-0.3301488
0.20002828 -1.6092965
0.05291298 -2.9391065 0.17225493
-1.7587798
0.73726368
-0.3048097
0.20407547 -1.5892654
0.04617046 -3.075415
0.18966657
-1.6624876
0.71200306
-0.3396731
0.20831853 -1.568687
0.0598957
-2.8151506 0.17109331
-1.7655462
0.7351558
-0.3076728
0.20531417 -1.583214
0.0444088
-3.1143175 0.18040698
-1.71254
0.71456954
-0.336075
54913_13
LACMHC
-2.9497766 0.17472727
54917_13
LACMHC
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
LACMHC
54924_13
LACMHC
54940_13
LACMHC
54943_13
LACMHC
101
54958_13
LACMHC
0.19683209 -1.6254042
0.05323931 -2.9329582 0.18270069
-1.699906
0.71878798
-0.3301889
0.19214434 -1.6495084
0.0554722
-1.7432346
0.71422695
-0.3365545
0.19909178 -1.6139893
0.05221299 -2.952424
0.19795201
-1.6197306
0.70529269
-0.3491424
0.21271002 -1.5478254
0.05385043 -2.9215449 0.18661604
-1.6787021
0.71604081
-0.3340181
0.19390519 -1.640386
0.05975613 -2.8174835 0.19798115
-1.6195834
0.70918989
-0.343632
0.19671559 -1.6259963
0.06302733 -2.7641869 0.17541412
-1.7406057
0.72765215
-0.3179322
0.21208906 -1.550749
0.06386544 -2.7509768 0.17003302
-1.7717626
0.73579448
-0.3068044
0.21260273 -1.54833
0.06303702 -2.7640331 0.17894813
-1.7206593
0.72457737
-0.3221667
54959_13
LACMHC
-2.8918733 0.17495357
54962_13
LACMHC
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
LACMHC
54977_13
LACMHC
54983_13
LACMHC
55509_61-67
LACMHC
102
55513_61-67
LACMHC
0.19378265 -1.6410181
0.05890099 -2.8318973 0.17711269
-1.7309691
0.72076834
-0.3274375
0.20708163 -1.5746422
0.05500993 -2.9002417 0.17255106
-1.7570621
0.71874708
-0.3302458
0.20876918 -1.566526
0.06065526 -2.802549
0.17220491
-1.7590702
0.73018245
-0.3144608
0.20928789 -1.5640445
0.06166341 -2.7860645 0.17512005
-1.7422835
0.72157404
-0.3263203
0.19497769 -1.6348702
0.05371549 -2.9240538 0.16785979
-1.7846262
0.73307729
-0.3105041
0.20948386 -1.5631086
0.06248501 -2.7728285 0.17051054
-1.7689582
0.72485232
-0.3217873
0.19531465 -1.6331434
0.05761754 -2.8539282 0.16710078
-1.7891582
0.73723202
-0.3048526
0.207621
0.06758715 -2.6943374 0.1764289
-1.7348373
0.74081913
-0.2999988
55516_61-67
LACMHC
55518_61-67
LACMHC
55520_61-67
LACMHC
55521_61-67
LACMHC
55660_61-67
LACMHC
55665_61-67
LACMHC
55666_61-67
LACMHC
-1.572041
103
55667_61-67
LACMHC
0.20548179 -1.5823979
0.06838029 -2.6826706 0.1782288
-1.7246872
0.739425
-0.3018824
0.21253653 -1.5486414
0.06871415 -2.6778001 0.17109967
-1.765509
0.72952216
-0.3153655
0.19799741 -1.6195014
0.06363106 -2.7546535 0.16639169
-1.7934107
0.74058668
-0.3003126
0.20699118 -1.5750791
0.06836889 -2.6828374 0.17788286
-1.72663
0.72499525
-0.3215902
0.20058872 -1.6064987
0.05647424 -2.8739707 0.17631555
-1.73548
0.72980263
-0.3149812
0.20766098 -1.5718484
0.05879362 -2.833722
0.18031867
-1.7130296
0.73077744
-0.3136463
0.19991214 -1.6098773
0.05047178 -2.986341
0.17095352
-1.7663636
0.72637305
-0.3196916
0.22547069 -1.4895651
0.06060249 -2.8034193 0.18621995
-1.6808268
0.72401439
-0.322944
55675_61-67
LACMHC
55681_61-67
LACMHC
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
LACMHC
55691_61-67
LACMHC
55692_61-67
LACMHC
55693_61-67
LACMHC
104
55694_61-67
LACMHC
0.22505448 -1.4914128
0.06950002 -2.6664283 0.17227958
-1.7586366
0.73300716
-0.3105998
0.20223353 -1.5983321
0.06280458 -2.7677273 0.16634394
-1.7936977
0.72961913
-0.3152326
0.1967038
-1.6260563
0.06483382 -2.7359278 0.16952714
-1.7747422
0.73201059
-0.3119603
0.19904709 -1.6142139
0.06734533 -2.6979217 0.18603254
-1.6818337
0.73635553
-0.3060422
0.20917563 -1.564581
0.05429852 -2.9132583 0.1768824
-1.7322702
0.72617529
-0.3199639
0.19763125 -1.6213524
0.06291341 -2.765996
0.17939568
-1.7181614
0.73191105
-0.3120963
0.20455663 -1.5869104
0.06455686 -2.7402088 0.16924141
-1.7764291
0.73009321
-0.3145831
0.21569338 -1.5338974
0.06370483 -2.7534948 0.16725883
-1.7882128
0.71340811
-0.3377016
55695_61-67
LACMHC
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
680_61-67
LACMHC
681_61-67
LACMHC
682_61-67
LACMHC
683_61-67
R17460_91
105
R17488_91
0.210836
R17928_91
-1.5566747
0.04679462 -3.0619871 0.17127072
-1.7645098
0.7197582
-0.32884
0.20473169 -1.586055
0.05023165 -2.9911099 0.17919538
-1.7192786
0.7301556
-0.3144976
R18664_91
0.20412894 -1.5890034
0.06483327 -2.7359365 0.1769294
-1.7320045
0.72387169
-0.3231411
R27246_91
0.19999699 -1.609453
0.05255804 -2.9458372 0.18411072
-1.692218
0.70989863
-0.3426331
R28351_91
0.19444723 -1.6375945
0.05747584 -2.8563906 0.1831758
-1.697309
0.72398594
-0.3229833
R28379_91
0.20387637 -1.5902415
0.07146675 -2.6385229 0.17615658
-1.736382
0.73764497
-0.3042926
R28913_91
0.1940872
-1.6394477
0.04844193 -3.0273895 0.18075997
-1.7105853
0.71822852
-0.3309675
R30721_91
0.21147063 -1.5536692
0.06384563 -2.7512871 0.17242478
-1.7577942
0.71736001
-0.3321775
R30746_91
0.20549193 -1.5823485
0.05818557 -2.8441178 0.18393829
-1.693155
0.72604892
-0.3201379
R31305_91
0.22907368 -1.4737116
0.05663463 -2.8711347 0.17154516
-1.7629087
0.71787995
-0.3314529
R34526_91
0.21279649 -1.547419
0.05988635 -2.8153067 0.16846027
-1.7810553
0.72195756
-0.3257889
R34706_91
0.20638131 -1.5780298
0.06111595 -2.7949824 0.17153493
-1.7629684
0.73043164
-0.3141196
R38491_91
0.20852493 -1.5676967
0.06338232 -2.7585703 0.17035011
-1.7698995
0.73646536
-0.3058931
R39009_91
0.21823643 -1.5221763
0.07256091 -2.6233289 0.20115467
-1.6036812
0.73404831
-0.3091804
R39376_91
0.19556873 -1.6318434
0.05371939 -2.9239814 0.17249019
-1.7574149
0.7229819
-0.3243711
R39566_91
0.21128747 -1.5545357
0.05219715 -2.9527273 0.1658532
-1.7966522
0.72918804
-0.3158236
106
R39965_91
0.21540729 -1.5352247
0.05484701 -2.9032077 0.17933719
-1.7184875
0.72518681
-0.321326
R40942_91
0.20057808 -1.6065517
0.06488128 -2.7351961 0.16767169
-1.7857474
0.72501104
-0.3215684
R52965_91
0.20459754 -1.5867104
0.05874623 -2.8345283 0.20129385
-1.6029895
0.71995526
-0.3285662
R53460_91
0.20510918 -1.5842129
0.06597542 -2.718473
0.17981649
-1.7158185
0.72295
-0.3244152
R53878_91
0.21321809 -1.5454397
0.0592091
-2.8266801 0.17404322
-1.7484516
0.72258186
-0.3249246
Specimen
Corpus Depth ln Corpus
Corpus Depth 3
ln Corpus Depth
Corpus Depth 1 (3-
ln Corpus Depth 1 (3-
#_Pit #
2 (4-15)
Depth 2
(6-14)
3
16)
16)
2301-L-
0.124230096
-
0.129657038
-2.042862483
0.09491002
-2.354826
0.127858721
-2.056829364
0.10148631
-2.2878314
101_13
2301-L-
2.085619818
0.120848187
106_61-67
2301-L-
2.113220172
0.124471415
-2.08367919
0.134102791
-2.009148673
0.09927902
-2.3098211
0.118130051
-
0.117439741
-2.141829917
0.09809631
-2.3218056
109_61-67
2301-L10_61-67
2.135969134
107
2301-L-
0.121628968
120_61-67
2301-L-
-
0.149638602
-1.899532215
0.09538533
-2.3498305
2.106780116
0.120629113
-2.11503462
0.135288918
-2.000342654
0.09284602
-2.3768128
0.129954026
-
0.134767639
-2.004203173
0.09663319
-2.336833
0.153700175
-1.872751491
0.10487748
-2.2549625
0.13158186
-2.028126113
0.11104662
-2.1978052
123_61-67
2301-L12_61-67
2301-L-
2.040574541
0.130554372
140_61-67
2301-L-
2.035965493
0.123595679
143_13
2301-L-
-
2.090739691
0.114774649
-2.16478465
0.120815957
-2.11348691
0.09132224
-2.3933609
0.120415315
-
0.125576501
-2.07484014
0.09683681
-2.3347281
0.143268083
-1.9430377
0.10505368
-2.2532838
148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L-
2.116808553
0.128829605
-2.04926464
155_61-67
108
2301-L-
0.12532387
156_61-67
2301-L-
0.116165548
0.119102503
0.113193125
-2.2459341
-
0.129082927
-2.047300235
0.10715133
-2.2335131
-
0.131256265
-2.030603643
0.09376201
-2.3669955
-
0.128980998
-2.048090189
0.09539462
-2.3497331
0.134499593
-2.006194106
0.10356061
-2.2675982
2.178659848
0.116087487
185_61-67
2301-L-
0.10582864
2.127770787
173_13
2301-L-
-2.020162434
2.152738969
167_61-67
2301-L-
0.132633919
2.076853935
164_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.153411174
0.120940299
-2.11245825
0.141717262
-1.953921319
0.09608518
-2.3425202
0.103550955
-
0.119336707
-2.125806307
0.08751181
-2.4359815
0.123385935
-2.092438153
0.09891063
-2.3135386
186_61-67
2301-L193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2.267691467
0.12213313
2.102643603
109
2301-L-
0.125518319
210_61-67
2301-L-
0.124047604
0.12191989
0.129371485
0.124251405
0.121286353
28_61-67
0.138541392
-1.976586141
0.10314705
-2.2715996
-
0.139918652
-1.96669408
0.09882603
-2.3143942
-
0.135820952
-1.996417788
0.09512072
-2.3526085
-
0.144177764
-1.936708272
0.10101829
-2.2924537
-
0.122370018
-2.100705891
0.10083663
-2.2942536
0.13032668
-2.037711059
0.10144748
-2.2882141
0.131318335
-2.030130865
0.08642807
-2.4484427
2.109600973
0.119219303
246_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.085448309
245_61-67
2301-L-
-2.3094242
2.045067287
244_61-67
2301-L-
0.09931842
2.104391089
242_61-67
2301-L-
-2.007364594
2.087089883
218_61-67
2301-L-
0.134342255
2.075303566
211_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.126790598
0.119391254
2.125349329
110
2301-L-
0.125576423
419_13
2301-L-
0.120425297
0.12118371
0.122774386
0.117532909
0.127835671
44_61-67
0.135664164
-1.997572828
0.09961057
-2.306487
-
0.129159527
-2.046706997
0.08717199
-2.4398722
-
0.132516271
-2.021049843
0.09453697
-2.3587643
-
0.124614652
-2.082529089
0.09947833
-2.3078154
-
0.135477963
-1.998946289
0.09761329
-2.3267417
0.124487282
-2.083551718
0.10493586
-2.254406
0.131938356
-2.025420464
0.09563769
-2.3471883
2.057009658
0.106132847
447_13
2301-L-
-
2.141036907
433_61-67
2301-L-
-2.3411137
2.097406872
430_61-67
2301-L-
0.09622041
2.110447619
42_61-67
2301-L-
-2.080328421
2.116725664
428_61-67
2301-L-
0.124889189
2.074840757
425_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.243063699
0.123339191
2.092817072
111
2301-L-
0.138292533
451_13
2301-L-
0.125311853
0.125914957
0.134310836
0.117822791
0.108719778
0.127729457
-2.057840867
0.10102158
-2.2924211
-
0.131771467
-2.026686166
0.09516828
-2.3521086
-
0.141686293
-1.95413987
0.1040334
-2.2630433
-
0.132347749
-2.02232236
0.09204525
-2.3854749
-
0.13110327
-2.031769943
0.09473011
-2.3567234
0.13120701
-2.030978977
0.1095434
-2.2114344
0.132652969
-2.020018815
0.10674116
-2.2373485
2.218981552
0.132795822
475_13
2301-L-
-
2.138573558
474_13
2301-L-
-2.2289073
2.007598492
469_61-67
2301-L-
0.10764599
2.072148545
468_13
2301-L-
-1.908837289
2.076949822
466_13
2301-L-
0.148252661
1.978384035
455_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.018942501
0.12955902
-2.04361875
482_61-67
112
2301-L-
0.117103995
48_61-67
2301-L-
0.130240147
0.109838107
0.131111762
-2.3463234
-
0.143577879
-1.940877682
0.11062585
-2.2016015
-
0.134435766
-2.006668774
0.10705136
-2.2344466
-
0.13078092
-2.034231723
0.10273499
-2.2756025
0.137717084
-1.982553816
0.10546569
-2.2493696
2.031705176
0.124814275
500_13
2301-L-
0.09572044
2.208747751
4_61-67
2301-L-
-2.00449923
2.038375252
493_61-67
2301-L-
0.134727746
2.144692889
490_13
2301-L-
-
2.080928443
0.120138925
-2.1191065
0.132939443
-2.017861572
0.09922542
-2.3103611
0.115309095
-
0.126845142
-2.064788289
0.10155019
-2.2872021
0.128118231
-2.054801759
0.1025633
-2.2772751
509_61-67
2301-L50_61-67
2301-L511_61-67
2.160138972
0.111081747
2.197488887
113
2301-L-
0.129467133
514_61-67
2301-L-
-
0.135991597
-1.995162182
0.10282046
-2.2747709
2.044328227
0.122834769
-2.09691517
0.139555605
-1.969292154
0.09587996
-2.3446583
0.114432621
-2.16776909
0.1234289
-2.09209
0.09895902
-2.3130494
0.12644539
-
0.132080843
-2.024341095
0.10143809
-2.2883066
0.138206545
-1.979006006
0.11310184
-2.1794666
0.140875757
-1.959876931
0.10046954
-2.2979007
0.134776435
-2.004137912
0.10881351
-2.2181198
0.14425366
-1.936182001
0.10176375
-2.2851013
516_61-67
2301-L517_61-67
2301-L518_61-67
2301-L-
2.067944766
0.125272899
537_61-67
2301-L-
2.077260728
0.13177526
63_13
2301-L-
65_61-67
2.026657385
0.132766625
64_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.019162395
0.136344056
1.992573768
114
2301-L-
0.127581277
-2.05900165
0.135623639
-1.997871591
0.11222765
-2.1872259
0.11970609
-
0.127759123
-2.057608641
0.0940805
-2.3636045
0.126712235
-2.065836629
0.09806043
-2.3221713
0.133879518
-2.010815002
0.0998904
-2.3036817
0.126206671
-2.069834469
0.10089301
-2.2936946
0.13067009
-2.035079526
0.09881517
-2.3145041
0.133520323
-2.013501581
0.09814672
-2.3212918
0.140836516
-1.960155523
0.10182543
-2.2844954
66_61-67
2301-L68_61-67
2301-L-
2.122715787
0.122300143
70_13
2301-L-
2.101277065
0.126339333
72_13
2301-L-
0.125592248
0.12597472
84_61-67
2.071674028
0.122075724
81_61-67
2301-L-
2.074714746
79_61-67
2301-L-
2.068783876
74_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.103113737
0.130474614
2.036576601
115
2301-L-
0.136692994
-1.99001779
0.129691648
-2.042595584
0.11468925
-2.1655289
0.134026317
-
0.138800189
-1.974719868
0.10490448
-2.254705
0.130879915
-2.033475052
0.10528951
-2.2510415
0.126119345
-2.070526634
0.10244988
-2.2783816
0.137719541
-1.98253597
0.10229562
-2.2798885
0.122594275
-2.098874952
0.10668204
-2.2379024
0.131312515
-2.030175188
0.10580675
-2.246141
0.131221211
-2.03087075
0.0968582
-2.3345073
85_61-67
2301-L92_13
2301-L-
2.009719104
0.125396112
93_13
2301-L-
2.076277659
0.121526768
95_61-67
2301-L-
0.125430126
2.076006438
0.123577408
99_61-67
28662_2051
2.107620728
97_61-67
2301-L-
-
2.090887532
0.12198198
2.103881947
28663_2051
0.117269898
2.143277184
116
28720_2051
0.110060628
-
0.124250702
-2.085453964
0.09517837
-2.3520026
0.125300052
-2.077043999
0.09779546
-2.3248772
0.136653937
-1.990303558
0.09672092
-2.3359256
0.137700103
-1.982677124
0.10362998
-2.2669287
0.134307962
-2.007619889
0.08946221
-2.413939
0.143135629
-1.943962647
0.10319871
-2.271099
2.206723906
28736_2051
0.110019045
2.207101795
28738b_2051 0.117602996
2.140440771
28739_2051
0.128473267
2.052034437
28756_2051
0.113824124
2.173100793
28758_2051
0.126171026
2.070116941
29041_2051
0.128065154
-2.05521613
0.126955168
-2.063921265
0.10167894
-2.2859351
29049_2051
0.115300775
-
0.119989445
-2.120351501
0.08890443
-2.4201933
0.128696322
-2.050299741
0.09575696
-2.345942
2.160211134
29056_2051
0.114908066
-
117
2.163622892
29068_2051
0.107431682
-
0.124528726
-2.083218855
0.09954072
-2.3071885
0.131176738
-2.031209719
0.08684553
-2.4436242
0.132097234
-2.024217009
0.10459279
-2.2576807
0.1257029
-2.073834095
0.09722582
-2.3307189
0.137174882
-1.986498657
0.09668719
-2.3362744
0.132906596
-2.018108681
0.10546262
-2.2493987
0.122679126
-2.098183065
0.09913508
-2.3112719
2.230900154
29075_2051
0.118458771
2.133190306
29082_2051
0.11718512
2.144000374
76919_2051
0.107432462
2.230892885
associated
0.130295901
with 2301-R-
2.037947253
214_61-67
JR3_2051
0.1291191
2.047020042
LACMHC
54899_13
0.125683398
2.073989251
118
LACMHC
0.125688677
54901_13
LACMHC
0.113916746
-2.055329838
0.10135463
-2.2891297
-
0.130815629
-2.03396636
0.09580878
-2.3454009
0.12661357
-2.066615588
0.10456075
-2.257987
2.172287396
0.118248708
54909_13
LACMHC
0.128050593
2.073947249
54903_13
LACMHC
-
2.134965177
0.138123436
-1.97960753
0.13867282
-1.975637934
0.10655303
-2.2391125
0.125630257
-
0.129083063
-2.047299183
0.09793442
-2.3234573
0.126993611
-2.063618498
0.1130348
-2.1800596
0.138969026
-1.973504207
0.10096969
-2.2929349
0.148946093
-1.904170832
0.10278592
-2.2751069
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
LACMHC
2.074412152
0.129777546
54917_13
LACMHC
2.041933477
0.129282831
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
-
2.045752783
0.140025405
1.965931407
119
LACMHC
0.130199203
54924_13
LACMHC
0.123747239
0.122103976
0.10446092
-2.2589422
-
0.127634625
-2.05858359
0.10703524
-2.2345972
-
0.14055753
-1.962138409
0.10443693
-2.2591719
0.122407536
-2.10039934
0.08869388
-2.4225644
2.102882332
0.126104117
54958_13
LACMHC
-2.047448176
2.089514186
54943_13
LACMHC
0.129063832
2.038689668
54940_13
LACMHC
-
2.070647384
0.124330451
-2.08481233
0.134723403
-2.004531465
0.10585411
-2.2456935
0.128865344
-
0.131904923
-2.025673895
0.10335938
-2.2695432
0.124020467
-2.087308674
0.10108501
-2.2917934
0.127372576
-2.06063882
0.0961084
-2.3422786
54959_13
LACMHC
54962_13
LACMHC
2.048987263
0.118726032
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
2.130936688
0.113092074
2.179552981
120
LACMHC
0.120442777
54977_13
LACMHC
0.122118224
0.129244978
0.126552427
0.122523847
0.114597029
55521_61-67
0.13388476
-2.010775846
0.09568942
-2.3466475
-
0.131598638
-2.02799861
0.09582166
-2.3452665
-
0.136691642
-1.99002768
0.09575999
-2.3459104
-
0.142758144
-1.94660338
0.09990472
-2.3035383
-
0.132002076
-2.024937631
0.09337513
-2.3711302
0.132365324
-2.022189577
0.09286711
-2.3765857
0.130451494
-2.036753817
0.09812583
-2.3215047
2.166333401
0.116079594
55520_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.099449597
55518_61-67
LACMHC
-2.3506844
2.067098615
55516_61-67
LACMHC
0.09530391
2.046045619
55513_61-67
LACMHC
-1.971820778
2.102765658
55509_61-67
LACMHC
0.139203167
2.116580519
54983_13
LACMHC
-
2.153479164
0.1240857
2.086782821
121
LACMHC
0.125788576
55660_61-67
LACMHC
0.132961331
-2.017696937
0.09811121
-2.3216537
0.126282382
-2.069234754
0.09507467
-2.3530927
2.073152746
0.113581572
55665_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.175234008
0.131425435
-2.02931562
0.145732053
-1.925985598
0.09449292
-2.3592304
0.120527662
-
0.135200439
-2.000996869
0.09625752
-2.3407282
0.131468708
-2.028986416
0.09740217
-2.3289068
0.130804438
-2.034051909
0.09654304
-2.3377664
55666_61-67
LACMHC
55667_61-67
LACMHC
2.115875991
0.116058556
55675_61-67
LACMHC
2.153660424
0.120629889
55681_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.115028191
0.124658813
-2.08217477
0.130528171
-2.036166205
0.1054536
-2.2494842
0.116189749
-
0.130760161
-2.034390463
0.10124572
-2.2902049
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
2.152530658
122
LACMHC
0.121208344
55691_61-67
LACMHC
0.109886453
0.123147972
0.106050678
0.113865982
0.118214645
680_61-67
0.128599571
-2.051051803
0.09865966
-2.3160791
-
0.127815375
-2.057168438
0.10052895
-2.2973096
-
0.130638632
-2.035320306
0.10436401
-2.2598703
-
0.12296391
-2.095864379
0.09963072
-2.3062847
-
0.135087631
-2.001831594
0.09215406
-2.3842935
0.132756801
-2.019236386
0.09908537
-2.3117735
0.12319273
-2.094005238
0.11057523
-2.2020592
2.135253285
0.12263817
676_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.172733119
675_61-67
LACMHC
-2.3119005
2.243838203
55695_61-67
LACMHC
0.09907279
2.094368622
55694_61-67
LACMHC
-1.994289672
2.208307692
55693_61-67
LACMHC
0.136110303
2.110244361
55692_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.098516963
0.119851566
2.121501254
123
LACMHC
0.124644915
681_61-67
LACMHC
0.127989953
-2.055803509
0.10312766
-2.2717876
0.141492057
-1.955511696
0.11358258
-2.1752251
2.082286265
0.125866043
682_61-67
LACMHC
-
2.072537086
0.12260591
-2.09878005
0.128946783
-2.048355495
0.09528224
-2.3509119
0.136981095
-
0.139662375
-1.968527379
0.10349302
-2.2682511
0.122278495
-2.101454087
0.10069993
-2.2956101
0.133089136
-2.01673618
0.1038137
-2.2651573
0.133775302
-2.011593736
0.09703907
-2.3326416
0.134724521
-2.004523169
0.0986168
-2.3165136
683_61-67
R17460_91
1.987912354
R17488_91
0.129471343
2.044295715
R17928_91
0.126053217
2.071051106
R18664_91
0.124765014
2.081323196
R27246_91
0.127736523
2.057785551
124
R28351_91
0.11421557
-2.16966765
0.134221293
-2.008265403
0.09493666
-2.3545453
R28379_91
0.141914838
-
0.135266288
-2.000509941
0.10269603
-2.2759818
0.126362812
-2.068598052
0.0989548
-2.3130921
0.128026662
-2.055516741
0.10059197
-2.2966829
0.134629607
-2.005227927
0.09742042
-2.3287195
0.126275018
-2.069293069
0.08775716
-2.4331818
1.952528134
R28913_91
0.121379007
2.108837336
R30721_91
0.113028793
2.180112687
R30746_91
0.116701542
2.148135523
R31305_91
0.11882849
2.130074083
R34526_91
0.1270559
-2.06312813
0.129052428
-2.047536539
0.09739572
-2.328973
R34706_91
0.133187063
-
0.133841149
-2.011101635
0.10668073
-2.2379147
0.113365039
-2.177142232
0.0945303
-2.3588349
2.016000652
R38491_91
0.11300911
2.180286842
125
R39009_91
0.11474714
-
0.124862076
-2.080545547
0.1118864
-2.1902712
0.137571941
-1.983608289
0.09852241
-2.3174713
0.122884331
-2.096511764
0.09737725
-2.3291626
0.123506464
-2.091461783
0.09857793
-2.3169079
2.165024356
R39376_91
0.130260492
2.038219051
R39566_91
0.122476767
2.099833922
R39965_91
0.107365651
2.231514973
R40942_91
0.125288292
-2.07713786
0.124182802
-2.086000587
0.11202247
-2.1890558
R52965_91
0.107677601
-2.22861369
0.124810164
-2.080961385
0.1098071
-2.2090301
R53460_91
0.120723174
-
0.129162193
-2.046686353
0.10347653
-2.2684105
0.132240746
-2.023131188
0.09972664
-2.3053225
2.114255176
R53878_91
0.11770032
2.139613545
126
Specimen
Carn.-Coronoid
ln Carn.-
Carn.-Condyloid
ln Carn.-
Carn.-Angular
ln Carn.-Angular
#_Pit #
(5-9)
Coronoid (5-
(5-11)
Condyloid
(5-12)
(5-12)
9)
2301-L-
(5-11)
0.322788311
-1.130758554
0.356486583
-1.031458676
0.343007725
-1.070002311
0.321984616
-1.133251511
0.354878904
-1.035978664
0.338206405
-1.084098904
0.32169394
-1.134154683
0.355655055
-1.033793966
0.332295563
-1.101730457
0.335125205
-1.093251071
0.354554411
-1.036893457
0.321806943
-1.133803468
0.313456223
-1.160095569
0.349595554
-1.050978353
0.350197104
-1.049259129
0.329488382
-1.110214185
0.358486385
-1.025864597
0.341127387
-1.075499303
0.319150856
-1.142091387
0.341485966
-1.074448695
0.341318538
-1.074939107
101_13
2301-L106_61-67
2301-L109_61-67
2301-L10_61-67
2301-L120_61-67
2301-L123_61-67
2301-L-
127
12_61-67
2301-L-
0.328415825
-1.113474716
0.361506309
-1.017475786
0.355276198
-1.034859769
0.332469094
-1.101208373
0.340587979
-1.077081804
0.346182807
-1.0607883
0.339353862
-1.080711876
0.36188025
-1.016441922
0.35012824
-1.049455793
0.320160734
-1.138932117
0.349746442
-1.050546837
0.333130921
-1.099219711
0.3235
-1.128556165
0.364226447
-1.009979497
0.353472176
-1.039950508
0.346839349
-1.058893577
0.359889451
-1.021958377
0.3393261
-1.080793687
0.327645549
-1.115822897
0.359973365
-1.021725235
0.349924671
-1.050037374
0.334351892
-1.09556127
0.361540396
-1.017381499
0.34932217
-1.051760659
140_61-67
2301-L143_13
2301-L148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L155_61-67
2301-L156_61-67
2301-L164_61-67
2301-L-
128
167_61-67
2301-L-
0.344301041
-1.066238886
0.36859403
-0.998059429
0.355776311
-1.033453084
0.324914582
-1.124192956
0.35198243
-1.04417402
0.351173226
-1.046475657
0.319683177
-1.140424845
0.357587493
-1.028375211
0.349210424
-1.052080606
0.334285961
-1.095758482
0.352077842
-1.043902985
0.344270162
-1.066328574
0.330535233
-1.107042019
0.352751524
-1.041991368
0.343893664
-1.067422787
0.339225998
-1.081088733
0.360896624
-1.019163721
0.361052954
-1.018730645
0.322449248
-1.131809525
0.359615562
-1.022719702
0.345485924
-1.062803377
0.338364845
-1.083630544
0.347330402
-1.057478784
0.341751518
-1.073671361
173_13
2301-L185_61-67
2301-L186_61-67
2301-L193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2301-L210_61-67
2301-L211_61-67
2301-L-
129
218_61-67
2301-L-
0.320080292
-1.139183401
0.35888389
-1.024756369
0.337901154
-1.08500187
0.31989977
-1.139747552
0.355528261
-1.034150536
0.339427993
-1.080493451
0.3382008
-1.084115477
0.363234321
-1.012707139
0.350484162
-1.048439761
0.332355787
-1.101549235
0.352830708
-1.041766917
0.34775449
-1.056258536
0.32354932
-1.12840372
0.357240729
-1.029345413
0.36813336
-0.999310016
0.340191566
-1.078246392
0.353302044
-1.040431938
0.340337014
-1.077818935
0.343504441
-1.06855524
0.3579653
-1.027319225
0.352758376
-1.041971943
0.341643394
-1.073987794
0.36612842
-1.004771133
0.355049456
-1.035498186
242_61-67
2301-L244_61-67
2301-L245_61-67
2301-L246_61-67
2301-L28_61-67
2301-L419_13
2301-L425_61-67
2301-L-
130
428_61-67
2301-L-
0.34144262
-1.074575639
0.355140401
-1.035242072
0.35078398
-1.047584686
0.339211314
-1.08113202
0.361039461
-1.018768018
0.343598009
-1.068282883
0.325669094
-1.121873461
0.351868615
-1.044497426
0.338796207
-1.082356512
0.334113544
-1.096274393
0.349024281
-1.052613787
0.339202164
-1.081158994
0.338379513
-1.083587194
0.359911009
-1.021898475
0.346292525
-1.060471414
0.349531246
-1.05116232
0.349181757
-1.052162697
0.312292752
-1.163814224
0.334991637
-1.093649711
0.350303077
-1.048956565
0.353115897
-1.040958955
0.333708035
-1.097488815
0.363589762
-1.011729074
0.332365373
-1.101520395
42_61-67
2301-L430_61-67
2301-L433_61-67
2301-L447_13
2301-L44_61-67
2301-L451_13
2301-L455_61-67
2301-L-
131
466_13
2301-L-
0.333381121
-1.098468936
0.356090366
-1.032570744
0.354734496
-1.036385668
0.332664538
-1.100620691
0.365420035
-1.006707806
0.358417846
-1.026055805
0.340903453
-1.076155969
0.354437232
-1.037224009
0.352978294
-1.041348714
0.32297522
-1.130179678
0.355379465
-1.034569146
0.348098931
-1.055268556
0.325014007
-1.123886999
0.342007961
-1.072921264
0.340777729
-1.076524834
0.330355837
-1.107584911
0.351926149
-1.044333929
0.353882363
-1.038790729
0.317158072
-1.148354981
0.346575781
-1.059653779
0.344171456
-1.066615327
0.328356107
-1.113656568
0.346552743
-1.059720256
0.330289388
-1.107786077
468_13
2301-L469_61-67
2301-L474_13
2301-L475_13
2301-L482_61-67
2301-L48_61-67
2301-L490_13
2301-L-
132
493_61-67
2301-L-
0.327923016
-1.114976407
0.360452347
-1.020395518
0.34986132
-1.050218432
0.310746055
-1.168779243
0.354516467
-1.037000482
0.34613619
-1.060922969
0.337884594
-1.08505088
0.358001456
-1.027218226
0.351905706
-1.044392019
0.319044176
-1.142425703
0.361429919
-1.017687117
0.357028987
-1.029938304
0.333482609
-1.098164562
0.361147882
-1.018467758
0.349314971
-1.051781268
0.328977891
-1.11176473
0.354994779
-1.035652196
0.350760771
-1.047650852
0.331940366
-1.102799945
0.356129622
-1.032460508
0.338463226
-1.083339829
0.337000425
-1.087671086
0.359196386
-1.023886003
0.34154942
-1.074262895
4_61-67
2301-L500_13
2301-L509_61-67
2301-L50_61-67
2301-L511_61-67
2301-L514_61-67
2301-L516_61-67
2301-L-
133
517_61-67
2301-L-
0.337310015
-1.086752846
0.348235072
-1.054877534
0.348311298
-1.054658665
0.324375477
-1.125853553
0.341882595
-1.073287891
0.33460816
-1.094795104
0.337743139
-1.085469616
0.362591209
-1.014479226
0.351543321
-1.045422328
0.342093178
-1.07267213
0.369630043
-0.995252657
0.35727127
-1.029259927
0.313895516
-1.1586951
0.357700889
-1.028058148
0.348359702
-1.054519707
0.32519275
-1.123337196
0.357166603
-1.029552931
0.352054601
-1.043969
0.337629522
-1.085806075
0.355377658
-1.03457423
0.333593629
-1.097831707
0.346862495
-1.058826845
0.356535893
-1.031320362
0.345739232
-1.062070453
518_61-67
2301-L537_61-67
2301-L63_13
2301-L64_61-67
2301-L65_61-67
2301-L66_61-67
2301-L68_61-67
2301-L-
134
70_13
2301-L-
0.334427978
-1.095333734
0.357649608
-1.028201522
0.344770218
-1.064877118
0.339423332
-1.080507185
0.363940122
-1.010765925
0.351853298
-1.044540959
0.325701462
-1.121774077
0.361536201
-1.017393102
0.346939994
-1.058603442
0.325929971
-1.121072734
0.36253624
-1.014630836
0.354667461
-1.036574658
0.316363812
-1.150862422
0.351943197
-1.044285488
0.338353794
-1.083663204
0.330532697
-1.107049693
0.374479076
-0.98221935
0.359894281
-1.021944954
0.316432177
-1.15064635
0.353108999
-1.040978491
0.348092579
-1.055286803
0.342321599
-1.072004635
0.357438965
-1.028790657
0.346748591
-1.059155284
72_13
2301-L74_61-67
2301-L79_61-67
2301-L81_61-67
2301-L84_61-67
2301-L85_61-67
2301-L92_13
2301-L-
135
93_13
2301-L-
0.323538816
-1.128436185
0.357577089
-1.028404306
0.341565323
-1.074216335
0.290417929
-1.23643426
0.360191277
-1.021120063
0.346570737
-1.059668334
0.326514299
-1.119281535
0.344302807
-1.066233757
0.35278566
-1.041894601
28662_2051
0.3219532
-1.133349087
0.355236075
-1.034972712
0.335630348
-1.091744879
28663_2051
0.338465608
-1.083332794
0.347151135
-1.057995046
0.360611732
-1.019953433
28720_2051
0.360655896
-1.019830972
0.357530761
-1.028533876
0.35293094
-1.041482878
28736_2051
0.348539805
-1.054002836
0.357924541
-1.027433093
0.357687578
-1.028095359
28738b_2051 0.346057756
-1.061149592
0.347271967
-1.05764704
0.351926962
-1.04433162
28739_2051
0.326907124
-1.118079172
0.358342308
-1.026266581
0.351457176
-1.045667406
28756_2051
0.350395716
-1.048692146
0.361012233
-1.018843434
0.365016454
-1.007812847
28758_2051
0.341461934
-1.074519074
0.350419325
-1.048624769
0.34999401
-1.04983924
29041_2051
0.330763534
-1.106351557
0.365632291
-1.00612712
0.3636585
-1.011540037
95_61-67
2301-L97_61-67
2301-L99_61-67
136
29049_2051
0.336293764
-1.089770203
0.347560239
-1.056817279
0.353951765
-1.038594633
29056_2051
0.323688798
-1.127972723
0.341647149
-1.073976802
0.335866437
-1.091041706
29068_2051
0.327871617
-1.11513316
0.361669322
-1.017024959
0.3651362
-1.007484843
29075_2051
0.331719802
-1.103464635
0.364611228
-1.008923621
0.362919585
-1.013573998
29082_2051
0.34135085
-1.074844445
0.355297556
-1.034799655
0.350808397
-1.047515082
76919_2051
0.33298076
-1.09967057
0.357921965
-1.02744029
0.36363355
-1.011608648
associated
0.3479833
-1.05560079
0.385257797
-0.953842566
0.376389304
-0.977131289
JR3_2051
0.337561846
-1.086006539
0.363744941
-1.01130237
0.356191321
-1.032287273
LACMHC
0.315370324
-1.154007698
0.327220894
-1.11711982
0.341299198
-1.074995774
0.350599585
-1.048110491
0.359555098
-1.02288785
0.359663666
-1.022585945
0.355923831
-1.033038528
0.363784595
-1.011193359
0.357085036
-1.029781329
with 2301-R214_61-67
54899_13
LACMHC
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
137
LACMHC
0.333138182
-1.099197913
0.353069461
-1.041090467
0.347164801
-1.057955681
0.32541763
-1.122645907
0.35465245
-1.036616984
0.347254037
-1.057698673
0.31148742
-1.166396326
0.345362841
-1.063159702
0.341725514
-1.073747454
0.319017459
-1.142509446
0.353499977
-1.039871858
0.343872948
-1.067483027
0.33055146
-1.106992927
0.34422927
-1.06644736
0.345344591
-1.063212545
0.330375968
-1.107523975
0.355886742
-1.033142738
0.351710454
-1.044947017
0.328223108
-1.114061696
0.358664366
-1.025368241
0.331116209
-1.105285879
0.343722689
-1.067920084
0.36401182
-1.010568939
0.350824078
-1.047470384
54909_13
LACMHC
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
LACMHC
54917_13
LACMHC
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
LACMHC
54924_13
LACMHC
54940_13
138
LACMHC
0.318155689
-1.145214429
0.364522257
-1.009167668
0.341875868
-1.073307566
0.341340949
-1.074873449
0.363402995
-1.012242881
0.343982356
-1.067164913
0.343964677
-1.067216311
0.349972369
-1.049901073
0.346474816
-1.059945143
0.345029557
-1.064125193
0.36297905
-1.01341016
0.367169779
-1.001930926
0.334406597
-1.095397671
0.362285772
-1.015321952
0.352250988
-1.043411324
0.334895268
-1.09393743
0.348528279
-1.054035906
0.329951393
-1.108809929
0.341515929
-1.074360957
0.348792337
-1.053278556
0.348020353
-1.055494316
0.340590699
-1.077073819
0.37054317
-0.992785324
0.363016231
-1.013307733
54943_13
LACMHC
54958_13
LACMHC
54959_13
LACMHC
54962_13
LACMHC
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
LACMHC
54977_13
LACMHC
54983_13
139
LACMHC
0.322002334
-1.133196487
0.3515814
-1.045314016
0.340352524
-1.077773364
0.328536743
-1.113106597
0.348379309
-1.054463424
0.34138683
-1.074739047
0.322557941
-1.131472498
0.367446751
-1.001176867
0.368637486
-0.99794154
0.346931475
-1.058627997
0.354148039
-1.038040265
0.343348305
-1.069009881
0.330221957
-1.107990255
0.35782307
-1.027716632
0.34669232
-1.059317577
0.333943281
-1.096784118
0.345949664
-1.061461995
0.34125063
-1.075138085
0.323138819
-1.129673267
0.368005459
-0.999657506
0.362936584
-1.013527159
0.329633858
-1.109772763
0.353047025
-1.041154014
0.350728748
-1.047742152
55509_61-67
LACMHC
55513_61-67
LACMHC
55516_61-67
LACMHC
55518_61-67
LACMHC
55520_61-67
LACMHC
55521_61-67
LACMHC
55660_61-67
LACMHC
55665_61-67
140
LACMHC
0.331115474
-1.1052881
0.363148022
-1.012944754
0.34344683
-1.068722967
0.329463281
-1.110290369
0.350673152
-1.04790068
0.332666456
-1.100614924
0.332260253
-1.101836723
0.351824298
-1.044623382
0.331932932
-1.102822343
0.331314574
-1.10468698
0.3500637
-1.04964014
0.33793947
-1.084888482
0.336132625
-1.090249479
0.358816927
-1.024942972
0.34607505
-1.061099619
0.325573236
-1.122167848
0.349717372
-1.05062996
0.347413272
-1.057240222
0.338981713
-1.081809118
0.365987311
-1.005156617
0.351154078
-1.046530184
0.321714847
-1.134089693
0.353658546
-1.03942339
0.343879854
-1.067462944
55666_61-67
LACMHC
55667_61-67
LACMHC
55675_61-67
LACMHC
55681_61-67
LACMHC
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
LACMHC
55691_61-67
LACMHC
55692_61-67
141
LACMHC
0.327826863
-1.115269666
0.364597274
-1.008961893
0.359286065
-1.023636369
0.3124034
-1.163459978
0.343225599
-1.069367324
0.322231797
-1.132484126
0.326985374
-1.117839837
0.349014276
-1.052642453
0.327047729
-1.117649157
0.329117611
-1.111340113
0.356286829
-1.032019174
0.358547617
-1.025693805
0.33074835
-1.106397465
0.360118883
-1.02132107
0.362818164
-1.013853496
0.326532821
-1.119224813
0.360517999
-1.020213396
0.351502783
-1.045537651
0.328129751
-1.114346165
0.353722778
-1.039241785
0.346788488
-1.05904023
0.334960653
-1.093742209
0.355565243
-1.034046523
0.344435641
-1.065848025
55693_61-67
LACMHC
55694_61-67
LACMHC
55695_61-67
LACMHC
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
680_61-67
LACMHC
681_61-67
LACMHC
682_61-67
142
LACMHC
0.342563267
-1.071298916
0.358601367
-1.025543907
0.3456725
-1.062263484
R17460_91
0.32595149
-1.121006713
0.330724091
-1.106470812
0.337818422
-1.085246739
R17488_91
0.325374369
-1.122778855
0.350242473
-1.049129584
0.338593916
-1.082953779
R17928_91
0.333054681
-1.099448594
0.360311982
-1.020785005
0.328538594
-1.113100964
R18664_91
0.331164143
-1.105141126
0.350650419
-1.047965509
0.351428478
-1.045749064
R27246_91
0.324749346
-1.124701636
0.344700788
-1.065078518
0.345096771
-1.063930406
R28351_91
0.340461152
-1.07745425
0.365444694
-1.006640326
0.357902174
-1.027495586
R28379_91
0.320220347
-1.138745935
0.364243327
-1.009933154
0.34549175
-1.062786513
R28913_91
0.331048969
-1.105488973
0.353929948
-1.038656273
0.348887836
-1.053004795
R30721_91
0.339390861
-1.080602853
0.344252312
-1.066380426
0.344817949
-1.064738685
R30746_91
0.325058903
-1.123748873
0.357068658
-1.029827196
0.340732607
-1.076657253
R31305_91
0.312469255
-1.163249199
0.349491756
-1.051275307
0.334771184
-1.094308012
R34526_91
0.323439612
-1.128742854
0.357498372
-1.028624469
0.342571051
-1.071276195
R34706_91
0.325881884
-1.121220281
0.352654928
-1.042265241
0.334193408
-1.096035387
R38491_91
0.329844631
-1.10913355
0.357384015
-1.028944402
0.346679663
-1.059354086
683_61-67
143
R39009_91
0.306315115
-1.183140919
0.345216087
-1.063584719
0.329601891
-1.109869745
R39376_91
0.332847418
-1.100071098
0.358128634
-1.026863046
0.350229446
-1.049166778
R39566_91
0.324185664
-1.126438891
0.358373045
-1.026180809
0.336781785
-1.08832008
R39965_91
0.330061159
-1.108477312
0.353353201
-1.040287154
0.328554112
-1.11305373
R40942_91
0.329390191
-1.11051224
0.354965495
-1.035734691
0.353912519
-1.038705519
R52965_91
0.315035361
-1.15507039
0.343284541
-1.069195611
0.310615463
-1.169199585
R53460_91
0.322579446
-1.131405828
0.348649073
-1.053689385
0.356275495
-1.032050986
R53878_91
0.328933643
-1.111899242
0.346007328
-1.061295324
0.329275239
-1.110861285
ln Carn.-Mfossa
Carnassial (4-6)
lnCarnassial (4-6)
Specimen #_Pit #
Carn.-Mfossa (5-8)
(5-8)
2301-L-101_13
0.127747095
-2.057702792
0.121156657
-2.110670882
2301-L-106_61-67
0.133748213
-2.011796252
0.127317602
-2.061070514
2301-L-109_61-67
0.111509203
-2.193648157
0.127486598
-2.059744033
2301-L-10_61-67
0.103827589
-2.265023556
0.119615963
-2.123468976
2301-L-120_61-67
0.111898233
-2.190165454
0.13015186
-2.039053356
144
2301-L-123_61-67
0.117529594
-2.141065112
0.130734212
-2.034588934
2301-L-12_61-67
0.10366967
-2.266545684
0.127622533
-2.058678329
2301-L-140_61-67
0.129871881
-2.041206847
0.122602952
-2.098804181
2301-L-143_13
0.115732031
-2.156477838
0.136164509
-1.993891501
2301-L-148_61-67
0.124468782
-2.083700344
0.123021383
-2.095397097
2301-L-154_61-67
0.102621749
-2.276705392
0.127860667
-2.056814149
2301-L-155_61-67
0.119347757
-2.125713718
0.126370428
-2.068537779
2301-L-156_61-67
0.115542453
-2.158117259
0.127121683
-2.062610517
2301-L-164_61-67
0.133028334
-2.017193134
0.124269059
-2.085306236
2301-L-167_61-67
0.132879064
-2.018315861
0.122769896
-2.097443442
2301-L-173_13
0.138242252
-1.978747687
0.130243741
-2.038347651
2301-L-185_61-67
0.123989626
-2.087557377
0.127716675
-2.057940949
2301-L-186_61-67
0.124296855
-2.085082585
0.125569771
-2.074893731
2301-L-193_61-67
0.113468857
-2.176226869
0.130191659
-2.038747615
2301-L-203_61-67
0.119844562
-2.121559693
0.1278853
-2.056621508
2301-L-210_61-67
0.119242981
-2.126592014
0.12837539
-2.052796572
145
2301-L-211_61-67
0.111418862
-2.19445865
0.128778411
-2.049662096
2301-L-218_61-67
0.111788435
-2.191147163
0.123785741
-2.089203106
2301-L-242_61-67
0.111635771
-2.192513755
0.124025498
-2.087268105
2301-L-244_61-67
0.109892101
-2.208256298
0.125836569
-2.072771286
2301-L-245_61-67
0.116548249
-2.149449936
0.128245138
-2.053811706
2301-L-246_61-67
0.12037617
-2.11713369
0.125115853
-2.078515145
2301-L-28_61-67
0.123614792
-2.090585065
0.125618023
-2.074509541
2301-L-419_13
0.116655606
-2.148529224
0.12518982
-2.07792413
2301-L-425_61-67
0.121610208
-2.106934366
0.125628254
-2.074428094
2301-L-428_61-67
0.137076974
-1.987212658
0.117189766
-2.143960724
2301-L-42_61-67
0.127894653
-2.056548376
0.123812205
-2.08898934
2301-L-430_61-67
0.119770034
-2.12218176
0.119713522
-2.122653708
2301-L-433_61-67
0.111752188
-2.191471467
0.128778043
-2.049664951
2301-L-447_13
0.145801657
-1.925508092
0.152050847
-1.883540296
2301-L-44_61-67
0.121261064
-2.109809502
0.123623658
-2.090513341
2301-L-451_13
0.113703049
-2.174165058
0.132100475
-2.024192475
146
2301-L-455_61-67
0.114067165
-2.170967835
0.118577294
-2.13219026
2301-L-466_13
0.12112557
-2.1109275
0.130709753
-2.034776037
2301-L-468_13
0.134556318
-2.005772449
0.129945787
-2.040637942
2301-L-469_61-67
0.134773358
-2.004160742
0.121424483
-2.108462749
2301-L-474_13
0.122625454
-2.098620661
0.118490819
-2.132919796
2301-L-475_13
0.122507304
-2.099584627
0.133378823
-2.014561905
2301-L-482_61-67
0.125608263
-2.07458724
0.129745907
-2.042177303
2301-L-48_61-67
0.122996381
-2.095600344
0.128633874
-2.050785094
2301-L-490_13
0.119833493
-2.121652058
0.139654454
-1.968584092
2301-L-493_61-67
0.134633219
-2.005201091
0.144867648
-1.931934723
2301-L-4_61-67
0.124626658
-2.082432748
0.131835344
-2.026201531
2301-L-500_13
0.134728687
-2.00449225
0.130884221
-2.033442152
2301-L-509_61-67
0.119685305
-2.122889442
0.132928492
-2.017943951
2301-L-50_61-67
0.11967467
-2.122978298
0.120663269
-2.114751515
2301-L-511_61-67
0.127813375
-2.05718409
0.127781574
-2.057432923
2301-L-514_61-67
0.131666892
-2.027480095
0.127035816
-2.063286219
147
2301-L-516_61-67
0.119466061
-2.124722956
0.1246081
-2.082581668
2301-L-517_61-67
0.120869237
-2.113046
0.137311337
-1.985504401
2301-L-518_61-67
0.12603709
-2.071179053
0.124468223
-2.08370483
2301-L-537_61-67
0.135433172
-1.999276954
0.12495074
-2.079835703
2301-L-63_13
0.123548753
-2.091119441
0.117958796
-2.137419902
2301-L-64_61-67
0.119455624
-2.124810327
0.123216914
-2.093808951
2301-L-65_61-67
0.125382729
-2.07638439
0.112350667
-2.186130342
2301-L-66_61-67
0.116237915
-2.152116194
0.123351159
-2.092720041
2301-L-68_61-67
0.122904274
-2.096349489
0.123810282
-2.089004869
2301-L-70_13
0.130551925
-2.03598424
0.136480283
-1.991575122
2301-L-72_13
0.133642193
-2.012589249
0.122158062
-2.102439481
2301-L-74_61-67
0.12068522
-2.114569607
0.121169176
-2.110567562
2301-L-79_61-67
0.121806499
-2.105321565
0.116754201
-2.147684403
2301-L-81_61-67
0.112682081
-2.183184866
0.140899314
-1.959709728
2301-L-84_61-67
0.115121623
-2.161766116
0.130151868
-2.039053296
2301-L-85_61-67
0.130416411
-2.037022789
0.125903386
-2.072240444
148
2301-L-92_13
0.125935663
-2.07198411
0.129916501
-2.040863334
2301-L-93_13
0.12431227
-2.084958573
0.13088043
-2.033471124
2301-L-95_61-67
0.128825474
-2.049296702
0.125060016
-2.078961532
2301-L-97_61-67
0.128069102
-2.0551853
0.126565642
-2.066994193
2301-L-99_61-67
0.122844558
-2.096835479
0.12427807
-2.085233725
28662_2051
0.108373686
-2.222169965
0.126245376
-2.069527834
28663_2051
0.118071067
-2.136468574
0.12437889
-2.084422806
28720_2051
0.116709917
-2.148063766
0.117674294
-2.139834693
28736_2051
0.123352154
-2.092711977
0.125086161
-2.078752488
28738b_2051
0.130894179
-2.033366076
0.12904821
-2.047569223
28739_2051
0.110601014
-2.201826022
0.12616882
-2.070134431
28756_2051
0.125868009
-2.072521465
0.124553007
-2.083023898
28758_2051
0.117908958
-2.137842496
0.116301569
-2.151568727
29041_2051
0.130296807
-2.037940298
0.121297605
-2.109508204
29049_2051
0.122168715
-2.102352283
0.128681133
-2.050417769
29056_2051
0.114975082
-2.163039856
0.128792619
-2.049551773
149
29068_2051
0.13121933
-2.030885085
0.127855727
-2.056852785
29075_2051
0.127779355
-2.057450293
0.117740995
-2.139268027
29082_2051
0.138130758
-1.979554523
0.126717869
-2.065792164
76919_2051
0.127937358
-2.056214525
0.118442279
-2.13332953
associated with 2301-R-
0.146796941
-1.918705002
0.122797548
-2.097218231
JR3_2051
0.126160414
-2.070201054
0.124207699
-2.085800123
LACMHC 54899_13
0.134496616
-2.006216242
0.12125033
-2.109898026
LACMHC 54901_13
0.125468945
-2.075697001
0.123016513
-2.095436682
LACMHC 54903_13
0.128856286
-2.049057558
0.128382157
-2.052743862
LACMHC 54909_13
0.121820909
-2.105203273
0.13157621
-2.028169051
LACMHC 54912_13
0.127063901
-2.063065164
0.125176611
-2.07802965
LACMHC 54913_13
0.116483389
-2.150006603
0.131180768
-2.031178995
LACMHC 54917_13
0.121686873
-2.106304148
0.130046624
-2.039862248
LACMHC 54921_13
0.119778758
-2.122108919
0.123485769
-2.09162936
LACMHC 54922_13
0.139095657
-1.972593404
0.122660348
-2.098336141
214_61-67
150
LACMHC 54924_13
0.115746139
-2.156355944
0.124019225
-2.087318688
LACMHC 54940_13
0.12233946
-2.100955643
0.13432066
-2.007525355
LACMHC 54943_13
0.142524397
-1.94824209
0.123049658
-2.095167282
LACMHC 54958_13
0.134828587
-2.00375103
0.127966746
-2.055984847
LACMHC 54959_13
0.12425357
-2.085430883
0.129343637
-2.045282566
LACMHC 54962_13
0.132476282
-2.021351654
0.124207787
-2.085799415
LACMHC 54975_13
0.128854343
-2.049072635
0.143151681
-1.943850502
LACMHC 54976_13
0.145273751
-1.92913538
0.1339431
-2.010340198
LACMHC 54977_13
0.111067035
-2.197621338
0.147901024
-1.911211982
LACMHC 54983_13
0.125701999
-2.073841261
0.124249861
-2.085460736
LACMHC 55509_61-67
0.126277498
-2.069273427
0.118525392
-2.132628062
LACMHC 55513_61-67
0.116981174
-2.145742266
0.131072193
-2.032007015
LACMHC 55516_61-67
0.139596527
-1.968998964
0.128896462
-2.048745815
LACMHC 55518_61-67
0.134156333
-2.008749495
0.124842511
-2.080702252
LACMHC 55520_61-67
0.128839504
-2.049187804
0.123661264
-2.090209196
LACMHC 55521_61-67
0.127527087
-2.05942649
0.129237009
-2.046107279
151
LACMHC 55660_61-67
0.126878678
-2.064523943
0.117355657
-2.142546154
LACMHC 55665_61-67
0.122789322
-2.097285218
0.122758746
-2.097534267
LACMHC 55666_61-67
0.122629901
-2.09858439
0.123836807
-2.088790654
LACMHC 55667_61-67
0.118037459
-2.136753259
0.1285971
-2.051071016
LACMHC 55675_61-67
0.120843348
-2.113260218
0.130662947
-2.035134193
LACMHC 55681_61-67
0.12117169
-2.110546816
0.126928433
-2.06413187
LACMHC 55683_61-67
0.122418371
-2.100310827
0.120004377
-2.120227066
LACMHC 55685_61-67
0.136353418
-1.992505105
0.124535096
-2.083167706
LACMHC 55691_61-67
0.113707131
-2.174129167
0.127076928
-2.062962647
LACMHC 55692_61-67
0.117798171
-2.138782533
0.131053857
-2.032146921
LACMHC 55693_61-67
0.126138811
-2.070372304
0.119751024
-2.122340494
LACMHC 55694_61-67
0.117162372
-2.144194512
0.1350382
-2.002197578
LACMHC 55695_61-67
0.126683483
-2.066063565
0.128076935
-2.055124139
LACMHC 675_61-67
0.11908879
-2.127885933
0.117427561
-2.141933642
LACMHC 676_61-67
0.135380494
-1.999665995
0.121725896
-2.105983516
LACMHC 680_61-67
0.119908418
-2.121027014
0.132807361
-2.018855613
152
LACMHC 681_61-67
0.114578141
-2.166498238
0.131972789
-2.025159518
LACMHC 682_61-67
0.108044576
-2.225211393
0.128778876
-2.049658488
LACMHC 683_61-67
0.110897092
-2.199152606
0.123616814
-2.09056871
R17460_91
0.108468936
-2.221291448
0.123684996
-2.090017302
R17488_91
0.112325661
-2.186352941
0.126563548
-2.067010742
R17928_91
0.130131585
-2.039209149
0.133842725
-2.01108986
R18664_91
0.127772772
-2.057501808
0.127311324
-2.061119821
R27246_91
0.13995398
-1.966441624
0.132007309
-2.024897987
R28351_91
0.125701686
-2.073843755
0.131675108
-2.027417694
R28379_91
0.125837672
-2.07276252
0.125507637
-2.075388667
R28913_91
0.12090785
-2.112726596
0.132180265
-2.023588641
R30721_91
0.130934562
-2.033057606
0.122997047
-2.095594928
R30746_91
0.122244437
-2.101732661
0.132643149
-2.020092846
R31305_91
0.118844417
-2.129940058
0.120278766
-2.11794318
R34526_91
0.138747745
-1.975097781
0.120623617
-2.115080184
R34706_91
0.120110894
-2.119339844
0.125723619
-2.073669283
153
R38491_91
0.113406809
-2.176773844
0.123519628
-2.091355202
R39009_91
0.134848283
-2.003604965
0.14097603
-1.959165405
R39376_91
0.116894252
-2.146485582
0.124490526
-2.083525661
R39566_91
0.12560474
-2.074615285
0.116105875
-2.153252784
R39965_91
0.137362805
-1.98512964
0.127610633
-2.058771583
R40942_91
0.126689943
-2.066012568
0.120376654
-2.117129667
R52965_91
0.133028743
-2.017190061
0.147565594
-1.913482499
R53460_91
0.121151807
-2.110710915
0.130745846
-2.034499949
R53878_91
0.134496057
-2.006220393
0.126946155
-2.063992261
Specimen
LM1 X
LM1 Y
LM2 X
LM2 Y
LM3 X
LM3 Y
LM4 X
LM4 Y
-0.3924795
-0.0008198
-0.3415538
0.00188078
-0.3095324
-0.0015914
-0.0981138
0.00342398
-0.3895825
0.0021060
-0.33666
0.00168871
-0.322862
0.00070599
-0.1044642
-0.001134
#_Pit #
2301-L101_13
2301-L106_61-67
2
154
2301-L-
-0.3964031
109_61-67
2301-L-
0.0018633
-0.3478548
0.00359294
-0.3107
-0.0008102
-0.1040596
-0.0006819
9
-0.409209
-0.0154699
-0.3447565
0.00561562
-0.3103814
-0.0008073
-0.0989052
-0.0002341
-0.3967911
0.0045901
-0.3395487
0.00651595
-0.3117362
0.00363848
-0.1056194
-0.0041285
-0.3371787
0.00059997
-0.3051129
-0.0057938
-0.1091655
-0.0015298
10_61-67
2301-L120_61-67
2301-L-
7
-0.3897089
123_61-67
2301-L-
0.0002816
6
-0.4009979
-0.0044982
-0.3422655
0.00336737
-0.3125166
-0.0030859
-0.1044671
0.00497557
-0.3967458
-0.0098964
-0.3304684
0.00450438
-0.3030422
0.00213998
-0.1097227
0.00385264
-0.3986172
-0.0190251
-0.33494
0.00111362
-0.3111969
0.0048411
-0.1123933
0.00368309
-0.3959729
-0.0145061
-0.3359816
-0.0001244
-0.3079895
-0.0037376
-0.1077879
0.00006968
12_61-67
2301-L140_61-67
2301-L143_13
2301-L148_61-67
155
2301-L-
-0.395746
-0.0050669
-0.3365968
-0.007524
-0.3219965
-0.0055664
-0.1027931
0.0049336
-0.3972573
-0.0130794
-0.3272114
0.00040334
-0.3043606
0.00420541
-0.1059263
0.00496219
-0.3875294
0.0005904
-0.3344303
-0.0021811
-0.3113824
-0.0032061
-0.1081684
0.0034046
154_61-67
2301-L155_61-67
2301-L156_61-67
2301-L-
5
-0.3801089
-0.001676
-0.3381599
-0.0006096
-0.3138595
-0.0021676
-0.1093772
0.00212918
-0.387202
0.004541
-0.3357338
-0.001933
-0.3081964
-0.0049341
-0.1046848
-0.0043609
-0.3778839
-0.0014903
-0.329941
-0.0032438
-0.3060879
-0.0074645
-0.1131185
-0.0071915
-0.3964987
-0.0191639
-0.3364985
0.00314241
-0.3107696
0.00315693
-0.1071743
0.00055289
-0.3893643
-0.0256153
-0.3373113
0.00730132
-0.3090502
0.0041371
-0.1048973
0.00029137
164_61-67
2301-L167_61-67
2301-L173_13
2301-L185_61-67
2301-L186_61-67
156
2301-L-
-0.3826911
-0.0337002
-0.3313966
0.00280037
-0.3163786
0.0013933
-0.1054471
-0.0055192
-0.3914992
-0.0251034
-0.3273972
-0.002228
-0.3158099
-0.0036223
-0.1063015
0.00349377
-0.3937957
-0.0129937
-0.3250077
0.00325341
-0.3092241
0.00085958
-0.1102041
0.00332732
-0.3998661
-0.0131753
-0.3385448
0.00200949
-0.3078407
-0.0012173
-0.1075226
0.00171337
-0.4010442
-0.0085592
-0.3381044
-0.0029414
-0.3024526
-0.0071879
-0.1042089
0.0003845
-0.4037993
-0.0113249
-0.3399869
0.0046395
-0.3083075
-0.0037996
-0.1031151
0.00633805
-0.4115361
-0.0097194
-0.3406995
0.00169988
-0.3068803
-0.0014751
-0.1036504
-0.0008395
-0.397258
-0.0143697
-0.3319437
-0.0003596
-0.3131585
-0.0016862
-0.1084107
0.00051232
193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2301-L210_61-67
2301-L211_61-67
2301-L218_61-67
2301-L242_61-67
2301-L244_61-67
2301-L245_61-67
157
2301-L-
-0.4010107
-0.0117376
-0.3406772
0.00274805
-0.3088204
-0.0034221
-0.1072857
0.0052218
-0.3882836
-0.0173466
-0.3333375
-0.0017032
-0.3076526
-0.0033353
-0.1066006
0.00152782
-0.3834555
-0.0012815
-0.3433069
-0.0124628
-0.3155786
-0.0108811
-0.1088317
0.00421679
-0.3879325
-0.018813
-0.3289726
0.00272665
-0.3100671
0.00429349
-0.1093386
-0.0003639
-0.3899459
-0.005702
-0.329291
-0.0009572
-0.3132505
-0.0049902
-0.1047713
-0.0009508
-0.3908449
-0.0254838
-0.3325418
0.005874
-0.30683
0.00168584
-0.1050855
0.00100468
-0.3953087
-0.0012796
-0.3278511
-0.0060328
-0.3218879
-0.0052212
-0.1056395
-0.0033014
-0.3950143
-0.0141748
-0.3401946
0.00597624
-0.3124832
-0.0004788
-0.1062939
0.00551899
246_61-67
2301-L28_61-67
2301-L419_13
2301-L425_61-67
2301-L428_61-67
2301-L42_61-67
2301-L430_61-67
2301-L433_61-67
158
2301-L-
-0.3911427
447_13
2301-L-
0.0043710
-0.3308429
0.00127983
-0.3140108
0.00105057
-0.12709
-0.0133367
4
-0.3969023
-0.0142137
-0.3329716
-0.0003891
-0.3090064
-0.000984
-0.102171
0.00285318
-0.3823994
-0.0372788
-0.3331224
0.00940934
-0.3190904
0.01144697
-0.1086296
0.00613646
-0.3992587
-0.0052213
-0.3359453
-0.0047054
-0.3143219
-0.0022544
-0.1001172
0.00538052
-0.3831688
-0.0179976
-0.3427388
0.00104212
-0.3110889
0.00083257
-0.1095959
0.0051244
-0.3863247
0.0109098
-0.332206
0.00178796
-0.3149159
0.00138791
-0.1152959
0.00257343
44_61-67
2301-L451_13
2301-L455_61-67
2301-L466_13
2301-L468_13
2301-L-
4
-0.3940762
-0.0133705
-0.325279
0.00206952
-0.3085482
-0.0035507
-0.1058843
-0.0028472
-0.3889638
-0.0070438
-0.3356819
0.00185155
-0.3037711
-0.0033636
-0.1044087
-0.0115731
469_61-67
2301-L474_13
159
2301-L-
-0.4060361
-0.022928
-0.3394044
0.01039385
-0.3085506
0.0106575
-0.1113106
0.00699327
-0.4041366
-0.0016424
-0.3390016
0.003785
-0.3113561
0.00243285
-0.1073121
0.00231596
-0.3974974
-0.0066987
-0.3340767
0.0098723
-0.3122487
0.00663756
-0.1094227
-0.0058316
-0.401025
-0.003766
-0.3350369
0.00696443
-0.312413
0.00508365
-0.1103263
0.00062272
-0.3978641
0.0065752
-0.3375783
0.00624042
-0.3213987
0.00630893
-0.1122513
-0.018046
475_13
2301-L482_61-67
2301-L48_61-67
2301-L490_13
2301-L493_61-67
2301-L-
1
-0.4034084
-0.0067081
-0.3370418
0.00573843
-0.3094879
0.00175572
-0.1139549
0.00523204
-0.4053586
0.0059980
-0.3342811
0.01301395
-0.3056699
0.0017773
-0.1084278
-0.0014442
-0.3294614
0.00201708
-0.311806
-7.942E-05
-0.1107311
-0.0063107
4_61-67
2301-L500_13
2301-L509_61-67
2
-0.3862396
0.0032411
2
160
2301-L-
-0.3889022
-0.0202188
-0.3328447
0.00072104
-0.3123431
0.00363135
-0.1059004
0.00293767
-0.3970832
-0.0151704
-0.3350827
0.01532749
-0.3081951
0.00738526
-0.107911
-0.0076966
-0.4005749
-0.011506
-0.3370609
0.00719872
-0.3076237
0.00090464
-0.1073794
0.00302845
-0.4039707
-0.0165733
-0.3421272
0.00057527
-0.3046489
-0.0029237
-0.1042569
0.001579
-0.3872583
-0.0058461
-0.3374932
-0.0042844
-0.3179794
-0.0040623
-0.1139306
-0.0005522
-0.4010606
-0.0106441
-0.3352668
0.00149475
-0.3112814
0.00205848
-0.1079009
0.00857634
-0.4069971
-0.0090625
-0.3423303
0.00281445
-0.3099497
0.00153171
-0.1059655
0.00341766
-0.4054011
-0.0041629
-0.341017
0.00313689
-0.2965612
0.00170032
-0.1076128
0.00484076
50_61-67
2301-L511_61-67
2301-L514_61-67
2301-L516_61-67
2301-L517_61-67
2301-L518_61-67
2301-L537_61-67
2301-L63_13
161
2301-L-
-0.3950299
-0.0043558
-0.3314847
0.00227895
-0.2980734
-0.0023235
-0.1118402
0.00632291
-0.4035229
-0.0039486
-0.3453306
0.0077412
-0.3014266
-0.0038742
-0.1011798
0.00817846
-0.3890411
0.0030475
-0.3378507
0.00267628
-0.3115229
0.00091901
-0.1121795
0.00175498
64_61-67
2301-L65_61-67
2301-L66_61-67
2301-L-
2
-0.4004718
-0.0140396
-0.3323319
0.00127263
-0.3156344
-0.0050307
-0.1033836
0.00042165
-0.3906434
-0.0117384
-0.3372417
-0.0067398
-0.3145617
-0.0076877
-0.1145974
0.0058425
-0.3961849
0.0023125
-0.3379627
0.00356036
-0.3068883
0.00082218
-0.1030215
0.00103075
68_61-67
2301-L70_13
2301-L72_13
2301-L-
6
-0.4005348
-0.0141459
-0.3386797
0.00098082
-0.3106806
-0.0016233
-0.1044887
0.00466239
-0.4017604
-0.0139989
-0.3412125
0.0015761
-0.3065198
-0.0031751
-0.1020951
0.0045085
74_61-67
2301-L79_61-67
162
2301-L-
-0.3765273
-0.0394859
-0.3284784
0.01001122
-0.3172743
0.00861164
-0.1182973
0.00479652
-0.4024945
-0.0080438
-0.3365065
0.00602901
-0.3093899
0.00291615
-0.1047865
0.00296144
-0.3982865
-0.0018369
-0.3295002
0.00384378
-0.3047951
0.0041873
-0.1100872
0.010746
-0.3920598
0.0014801
-0.3351254
0.00408825
-0.3133359
0.00250976
-0.1121266
0.00546926
-0.3335392
0.00116084
-0.3110525
-0.0016397
-0.1129864
-0.0014508
81_61-67
2301-L84_61-67
2301-L85_61-67
2301-L92_13
2301-L-
9
-0.3847847
93_13
2301-L-
0.0009277
3
-0.3991853
-0.0085419
-0.3384348
0.00356555
-0.3151785
0.00028295
-0.1083001
0.00463335
-0.40467
-0.0148877
-0.3356178
0.00218834
-0.315244
0.00116027
-0.1058179
0.0021747
-0.3991493
-0.0144541
-0.3406779
0.00251362
-0.3042409
0.00083055
-0.1088688
0.00924375
95_61-67
2301-L97_61-67
2301-L99_61-67
163
28662_2051
-0.4042249
-0.0175442
-0.3396627
0.00245347
-0.3119865
0.0000483
-0.1005415
0.00281107
28663_2051
-0.3945236
0.0086694
-0.3270192
0.00391587
-0.3131033
0.00463224
-0.1049729
-0.0075504
2
28720_2051
-0.3906253
-0.005983
-0.3361838
-0.0007363
-0.3047007
-0.0038585
-0.1053228
-0.0054671
28736_2051
-0.3885786
-0.0045448
-0.3328595
-0.0018287
-0.3071996
-0.003781
-0.107611
-0.0073307
28738b_205
-0.385002
0.0009209
-0.3284079
-0.0016567
-0.3131686
0.0019657
-0.1085178
-0.0063923
1
4
28739_2051
-0.3948146
-0.0123355
-0.3355236
0.01114483
-0.3064332
0.0082369
-0.1050151
0.0015854
28756_2051
-0.3746209
-0.0215458
-0.3348075
0.0118144
-0.3033302
0.00450564
-0.110347
-0.0054074
28758_2051
-0.4031273
-0.0051293
-0.3384907
0.00842914
-0.3032125
-0.0018873
-0.101082
-0.0001266
29041_2051
-0.383887
-0.0061921
-0.3349207
-0.0022372
-0.3162261
-0.0047566
-0.107602
0.00607435
29049_2051
-0.3888314
0.0023794
-0.3344127
-0.0030248
-0.3159842
-0.0029707
-0.1111262
-0.0008092
1
29056_2051
-0.404427
-0.019168
-0.3387102
-0.0039062
-0.3097469
-0.0009638
-0.1093093
0.00278966
29068_2051
-0.3926062
-0.0124054
-0.3361669
0.00415911
-0.3101197
0.00296997
-0.1114856
-0.006657
29075_2051
-0.3875522
-0.0076596
-0.3382154
-0.004798
-0.3050623
-0.0056664
-0.1059328
-0.0006787
164
29082_2051
-0.3982715
-0.0092962
-0.3294917
0.00373631
-0.3141039
0.00451468
-0.1078711
-0.001662
76919_2051
-0.3951179
0.0031151
-0.3363472
-0.0051744
-0.3082596
-0.003917
-0.1027397
-0.0054984
2
associated
-0.3812745
-0.0232925
-0.3216418
-0.0069303
-0.296663
-0.0093134
-0.1179758
0.00949147
-0.3918763
0.0014827
-0.3322118
-0.0021327
-0.3062
0.00114438
-0.1107507
0.00343116
-0.343399
0.00083162
-0.3140186
0.00015436
-0.0992397
0.00534538
with 2301-R214_61-67
JR3_2051
1
LACMHC
-0.4021381
54899_13
LACMHC
0.0062183
6
-0.3840228
-0.002062
-0.3331849
-0.0006842
-0.3084289
-0.0032299
-0.108975
-0.0002906
-0.3897796
-0.0005176
-0.3314914
-0.0026301
-0.3051371
-0.0034019
-0.1123418
-0.0049723
-0.3861191
0.0000205
-0.3363221
0.00254752
-0.308939
0.00116167
-0.1096869
-0.0016579
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
LACMHC
54909_13
6
165
LACMHC
-0.4021058
-0.0171569
-0.3450004
0.00832708
-0.3111923
0.00235458
-0.1031687
0.0096893
-0.3996095
-0.0212601
-0.3433425
0.00775215
-0.312257
0.00413271
-0.1030366
0.00547717
-0.3997142
-0.0168661
-0.3542898
0.00915879
-0.3097804
0.00601022
-0.1100597
0.00708217
-0.3997461
-0.0073059
-0.3353648
0.00030451
-0.3147568
0.00072694
-0.1036005
0.00636195
-0.3874223
-0.0067268
-0.3445761
-0.0024899
-0.3044926
-0.0051835
-0.1137849
0.01346049
-0.4006883
-0.0011006
-0.3477997
0.00050327
-0.3077308
-0.0046381
-0.1080876
0.00776742
-0.3780212
-0.004408
-0.3321331
0.00068972
-0.3214376
-0.0001078
-0.1173902
0.00327611
-0.3959195
0.0046725
-0.3360317
0.00369749
-0.3123267
-0.0033215
-0.1040581
0.00124127
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
LACMHC
54917_13
LACMHC
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
LACMHC
54924_13
LACMHC
54940_13
LACMHC
54943_13
166
LACMHC
-0.3765296
-0.0027538
-0.3326397
-0.0095232
-0.3165215
-0.0091058
-0.1113782
-0.0007314
-0.3925499
0.0023431
-0.3393564
0.00013449
-0.3089533
-0.0023423
-0.1121212
-0.0022758
-0.3309622
0.00219947
-0.3046221
0.00218016
-0.1124909
-6.448E-05
54958_13
LACMHC
54959_13
LACMHC
6
-0.3860642
54962_13
LACMHC
0.0085972
4
-0.3682684
-0.0305898
-0.3309706
0.00594889
-0.3206325
0.00369925
-0.1215421
0.00443351
-0.392082
0.0032516
-0.3382362
0.00254243
-0.3215056
-0.0039751
-0.1088172
-0.0070087
-0.3249117
0.0007041
-0.3134324
-0.0022972
-0.1195562
-0.0056483
-0.3285368
-0.0025987
-0.306879
-0.0014352
-0.1101905
0.00183242
-0.340809
0.00014447
-0.3117796
-0.0030425
-0.0999871
0.00817101
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
LACMHC
1
-0.3845607
54977_13
LACMHC
7
-0.3911119
54983_13
LACMHC
0.0042809
0.0049376
5
-0.4030841
-0.0140191
55509_61-67
167
LACMHC
-0.3941724
55513_61-67
LACMHC
0.0009572
-0.3311424
0.00002057
-0.3186509
-0.0049261
-0.1061042
-4.598E-05
5
-0.3857966
-0.0039237
-0.3271861
0.00191876
-0.3086533
-1.164E-05
-0.1148808
-0.0019936
-0.3898441
-0.0056894
-0.334889
-0.0032343
-0.3147314
-0.0043853
-0.1076703
-0.0072984
-0.394081
-0.0024969
-0.3334374
-0.0013078
-0.3126801
-0.0038157
-0.1039121
-0.003123
-0.3966753
0.0023228
-0.335012
0.00245174
-0.3174389
0.00102582
-0.1081686
-0.0016875
-0.3394402
0.00026669
-0.3059166
-0.0034456
-0.1110905
0.00424234
55516_61-67
LACMHC
55518_61-67
LACMHC
55520_61-67
LACMHC
55521_61-67
LACMHC
5
-0.3931553
55660_61-67
LACMHC
0.0004641
5
-0.3919871
-0.0178207
-0.3314465
-0.0023544
-0.3158474
-0.0018234
-0.1064349
0.00364241
-0.3933896
-0.0141885
-0.3378952
0.00130834
-0.3031323
-0.0040653
-0.1079432
0.00293583
55665_61-67
LACMHC
55666_61-67
168
LACMHC
-0.4056479
-0.0180136
-0.3413664
0.00286497
-0.3106582
-0.0008964
-0.1030378
-0.0003755
-0.4027827
-0.0076276
-0.3346855
-0.0014125
-0.3126454
-0.0048538
-0.1071985
-0.0010692
-0.3947756
-0.0288433
-0.3329329
0.00110865
-0.3161556
0.00154347
-0.1036279
0.00347288
-0.4018741
-0.0087875
-0.3385195
-0.0028622
-0.3030783
-0.0056358
-0.1054886
0.00706327
-0.3977272
-0.0152668
-0.3318189
0.00291021
-0.3157832
0.00394645
-0.1088223
0.00040825
-0.3916137
-0.0064248
-0.3352875
-0.002338
-0.3078734
-0.0041415
-0.1073768
0.0019369
-0.3976648
-0.0023191
-0.3388731
-0.0027999
-0.3175717
-0.0053582
-0.1099123
-0.0045487
-0.3883778
-0.0005229
-0.3379756
-0.0031735
-0.3101121
-0.0040583
-0.110389
0.00463518
55667_61-67
LACMHC
55675_61-67
LACMHC
55681_61-67
LACMHC
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
LACMHC
55691_61-67
LACMHC
55692_61-67
LACMHC
55693_61-67
169
LACMHC
-0.3982107
55694_61-67
LACMHC
0.0080975
-0.337614
0.00726418
-0.3244831
0.00724961
-0.1000445
-0.0142988
8
-0.396446
-0.0318843
-0.3364396
0.00317972
-0.32614
0.00277185
-0.101086
0.00323499
-0.3962121
-0.00877
-0.3345
0.00289309
-0.3053102
-0.0012523
-0.1030769
-0.0009593
-0.4005978
-0.0098527
-0.3366456
0.00080292
-0.3033643
-0.0028084
-0.1067369
0.00267294
-0.4000715
-0.0100507
-0.3356428
0.00955363
-0.3122882
0.00548146
-0.11338
-0.0019527
-0.3947842
-0.0056296
-0.3405374
-0.003262
-0.3198317
-0.0051361
-0.1110758
0.0081096
-0.4004494
-0.0081031
-0.3397754
0.00853326
-0.3073457
0.00475585
-0.1097321
0.00211551
-0.3952931
-0.0090159
-0.3324376
0.0057075
-0.3119344
0.00045405
-0.1073851
-0.0012841
55695_61-67
LACMHC
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
680_61-67
LACMHC
681_61-67
LACMHC
682_61-67
LACMHC
683_61-67
170
R17460_91
-0.3971366
0.0029686
-0.3334335
0.00248667
-0.3158321
-0.0018407
-0.1003985
0.0087421
5
R17488_91
-0.3894337
-0.0024536
-0.3426391
-0.002425
-0.3174879
-0.0027581
-0.1069553
0.00854969
R17928_91
-0.3934936
0.0032470
-0.3432827
0.0018057
-0.3164559
0.0005175
-0.111729
-0.0008795
5
R18664_91
-0.3934855
-0.0060201
-0.3286969
-0.008427
-0.3136064
-0.0056322
-0.1099532
0.0082957
R27246_91
-0.3915161
-0.0006011
-0.3395326
0.00714874
-0.3136333
0.0043983
-0.1139115
-0.0060906
R28351_91
-0.3887564
0.0002189
-0.3314473
0.00459408
-0.3088947
0.00149067
-0.1147489
-0.0093325
5
R28379_91
-0.3964175
-0.0110408
-0.3276528
0.00842468
-0.315079
0.00343208
-0.1113587
0.01140753
R28913_91
-0.3896973
-0.0020791
-0.3412844
-0.000402
-0.3077322
-0.0054972
-0.1138018
0.00230165
R30721_91
-0.3935453
-0.0254479
-0.3366514
0.00352349
-0.3156893
0.00155462
-0.1042475
-0.001939
R30746_91
-0.3908036
-0.0014774
-0.3328221
0.00339207
-0.3153228
0.00058721
-0.109957
-0.0066127
R31305_91
-0.3894971
0.0007318
-0.332991
0.00454482
-0.3289253
-0.0009999
-0.0998524
-0.0016021
-0.3367012
0.00810198
-0.3167761
0.00758308
-0.1039847
0.00610636
9
R34526_91
-0.388696
-0.021612
171
R34706_91
-0.3983479
0.0017197
-0.3373648
-0.0023078
-0.3145047
0.00243384
-0.1081441
0.00535367
6
R38491_91
-0.4007809
-0.0203578
-0.3424778
0.00450304
-0.3126567
0.00147998
-0.1041716
-0.0025922
R39009_91
-0.4109826
0.0001680
-0.3398209
0.01434884
-0.3266987
0.01474958
-0.1097903
-0.0092901
-0.3351165
-0.0014128
-0.3091988
-0.0062435
-0.113911
0.00423532
6
R39376_91
-0.3887669
0.0013072
3
R39566_91
-0.3902696
-0.0083849
-0.3383417
-0.0030903
-0.3125433
-0.0027047
-0.1013565
0.00381834
R39965_91
-0.3961441
-0.0020275
-0.3414888
0.00255459
-0.3200948
0.00213523
-0.105059
-0.0105094
R40942_91
-0.3969814
-0.0009371
-0.3326235
0.00728716
-0.3100767
0.00396528
-0.1095125
0.00160731
R52965_91
-0.3929842
0.0053777
-0.3342382
0.00522494
-0.3224949
0.00574259
-0.1190106
-0.0155716
9
R53460_91
-0.3903983
-0.0257677
-0.3329894
0.00674331
-0.3151469
0.00388726
-0.1100435
0.00542186
R53878_91
-0.3943519
-0.0036985
-0.3351448
-0.0041822
-0.317858
-0.0031257
-0.1046469
-0.0014038
172
Specimen
LM5 X
LM5 Y
LM6 X
LM6 Y
LM7 X
LM7 Y
LM8 X
LM8 Y
-0.0101514
-0.0035204
0.02302746
0.0053529
0.05196248
0.01384059
0.10906092
-0.0494307
0.06486385
0.02216686
0.12443208
-0.0226137
0.06841893
0.026394
0.0974693
-0.038138
0.0645997
0.02685419
0.09256085
-0.0434678
0.06973023
0.02918983
0.09776397
-0.0471867
#_Pit #
2301-L101_13
2301-L-
8
-0.008728
-0.0100848
0.02279756
106_61-67
2301-L-
9
-0.0089454
-0.004818
0.02325256
109_61-67
2301-L-
-0.0039107
-0.0050828
0.02068906
0.0020449
8
-0.0056475
-0.00444
0.02390988
120_61-67
2301-L-
0.0059848
9
10_61-67
2301-L-
0.0026363
0.0085869
3
-0.0119094
-0.0014168
0.02142008
0.0047024
0.06724483
0.02582379
0.09879768
-0.0408776
-0.0040244
-0.0008791
0.0230304
0.0106234
0.06838608
0.03193346
0.0924532
-0.0388195
123_61-67
2301-L12_61-67
5
173
2301-L-
-0.0169237
0.005285
0.01233341
140_61-67
2301-L-
0.05588893
0.03658068
0.10371921
-0.0427981
0.07390611
0.03627472
0.1005187
-0.0322458
7
-0.0109508
-0.0011257
0.02352816
143_13
2301-L-
0.0154189
0.0118159
7
-0.0152294
-0.0056123
0.01518883
0.0033847
0.06075282
0.02079244
0.10610435
-0.033372
-0.0055557
-0.0004189
0.02503717
0.0077214
0.06902865
0.02546568
0.09169833
-0.0331737
148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L-
6
-0.0151278
155_61-67
2301-L-
0.0031552
0.02029375
0.0111247
0.06710744
0.03004718
0.096605
-0.0387932
0.01893682
0.0054497
0.06564557
0.02782265
0.10034047
-0.0291195
0.06659259
0.02399008
0.11663238
-0.0267825
0.0658874
0.02088317
0.11219653
-0.0302843
2
-0.0134881
-0.0092926
156_61-67
2301-L-
9
-0.0141722
-0.0025605
0.0148821
164_61-67
2301-L167_61-67
0.0036857
2
-0.0176701
-0.0021506
0.01775153
0.0046831
8
174
2301-L-
-0.023252
-0.0040389
0.01653977
173_13
2301-L-
-0.0131507
-0.0034749
0.02018146
-0.0129395
0.0035531
0.02034227
5
-0.0101532
-0.0037898
0.02459834
-0.0143396
0.0013729
0.0215751
-0.0179875
-0.001863
0.01816744
218_61-67
0.06467573
0.03022355
0.10986791
-0.0189618
0.0093912
0.06639811
0.02623674
0.10681191
-0.029753
0.0006500
0.06894768
0.02749257
0.10043138
-0.0292111
0.0049880
0.0684169
0.03184953
0.10500369
-0.0095771
0.0043228
0.06723675
0.02714407
0.09647779
-0.0352782
0.0658978
0.03152011
0.09561091
-0.0296221
0.06315533
0.03393711
0.09499764
-0.0348566
4
-0.0106379
0.0039243
0.02064182
211_61-67
2301-L-
0.0101483
5
210_61-67
2301-L-
-0.0261723
3
203_61-67
2301-L-
0.11320695
3
193_61-67
2301-L-
0.02922234
1
186_61-67
2301-L-
0.06159746
2
185_61-67
2301-L-
0.0051445
0.0142732
4
-0.0083696
0.0077093
5
0.01876916
0.0145020
9
175
2301-L-
-0.0114862
242_61-67
2301-L-
0.02086978
2
-0.0113347
244_61-67
2301-L-
0.0025038
0.0031345
0.0095111
0.05986263
0.02442853
0.09427353
-0.0332373
0.06358012
0.04034934
0.09344927
-0.0299805
8
0.02109006
1
0.0157330
9
-0.0165196
-0.0046957
0.01979114
0.0038453
0.0647955
0.02783219
0.09881539
-0.0214686
-0.0141241
-0.0001324
0.01779443
0.0082126
0.06653694
0.03086003
0.09835146
-0.0430237
0.06207642
0.03231181
0.10061019
-0.0375376
0.06862993
0.02670983
0.10102849
-0.0233794
0.05916354
0.02594316
0.1035802
-0.0286728
0.05852194
0.02660324
0.11151671
-0.042001
245_61-67
2301-L246_61-67
2301-L-
7
-0.0165347
28_61-67
2301-L-
0.01880235
3
-0.013049
419_13
2301-L-
0.0019301
0.0010101
6
0.01627483
9
-0.015747
-0.0052195
428_61-67
0.0087832
2
0.01617082
425_61-67
2301-L-
0.0088754
0.0050984
1
-0.020289
-0.0043532
0.01230612
0.0041794
1
176
2301-L-
-0.0141746
-0.0039865
0.01871474
42_61-67
2301-L-
0.06338962
0.02585911
0.11183838
-0.0258444
0.0608085
0.03114139
0.10467253
-0.0207678
9
-0.0138183
-0.0033097
0.01390989
430_61-67
2301-L-
0.0027294
0.0029648
9
-0.0078181
-0.0010945
0.02246038
0.0079949
0.06403103
0.02392953
0.09822115
-0.0363682
-0.0146535
-0.0077747
0.02416548
0.0021949
0.07559779
0.02440166
0.12984554
-0.0272212
433_61-67
2301-L447_13
2301-L-
6
-0.0153193
-0.0021052
0.02143908
0.0046881
0.06593933
0.0292069
0.10056912
-0.0378
-0.0112322
0.0044877
0.02332169
0.0124128
0.06917605
0.03902595
0.08916793
-0.0488807
0.01845431
0.0065557
0.06194319
0.02603016
0.09819388
-0.0260053
0.05487641
0.01939759
0.10506509
-0.034899
44_61-67
2301-L451_13
2301-L-
2
-0.0133058
-0.0019398
455_61-67
2301-L466_13
6
-0.0114537
-0.0018116
0.02108984
0.0076287
5
177
2301-L-
-0.0181142
-0.0034575
0.01463474
468_13
2301-L-
-0.0226308
0.0046084
0.01532064
7
-0.017181
-0.0051213
0.01329354
-0.016738
-0.0005213
0.02206804
-0.0090095
-0.0048185
0.02239788
-0.0132161
493_61-67
0.06936068
0.03028538
0.10615646
-0.0351118
0.0020742
0.06356146
0.02500004
0.10500303
-0.0155171
0.0067846
0.07329134
0.02531312
0.1004065
-0.0363712
0.0053694
0.06845323
0.02677617
0.11454223
-0.0274549
-0.0081741
0.01898969
0.0017142
0.06286713
0.023799
0.10496735
-0.0422444
0.07556239
0.03565452
0.1023114
-0.0418752
0.08385174
0.02626077
0.12158392
-0.0152474
6
-0.0098513
490_13
2301-L-
0.0044514
9
48_61-67
2301-L-
-0.030656
6
482_61-67
2301-L-
0.11366457
9
475_13
2301-L-
0.02360086
2
474_13
2301-L-
0.06596738
2
469_61-67
2301-L-
0.0005868
0.0003100
0.02875377
8
-0.0129414
-0.0098591
0.0132761
4
0.03108988
0.0029286
4
178
2301-L-
-0.0161327
-0.0030955
0.01787744
4_61-67
2301-L-
-0.0125461
-0.0054575
0.02230478
-0.0167441
-0.0032796
0.02199935
-0.014986
0.0010845
0.01472553
2
-0.0145652
-0.0161571
-0.0087305
0.01960096
517_61-67
0.0030094
0.01949506
7
-0.0116079
516_61-67
2301-L-
0.0048550
0.07078343
0.02451912
0.11676614
-0.043275
0.0009424
0.06698108
0.02643336
0.09793265
-0.0375407
0.0059384
0.06322686
0.02737606
0.09938982
-0.034132
0.0006001
0.06301005
0.02837229
0.10717483
-0.0476617
0.06297732
0.03192464
0.10652362
-0.0447985
0.06093199
0.03365096
0.10323559
-0.0314263
0.06388797
0.02555346
0.10074775
-0.0400747
5
514_61-67
2301-L-
-0.039653
4
511_61-67
2301-L-
0.10301159
6
50_61-67
2301-L-
0.02492688
2
509_61-67
2301-L-
0.06266225
4
500_13
2301-L-
0.0061249
0.0014844
2
0.01979532
3
-0.0144828
-0.0035877
0.0094294
0.0133360
3
0.02321834
0.0061250
4
179
2301-L-
-0.0157159
-0.0036149
0.01649532
518_61-67
2301-L-
-0.013858
0.0049492
0.01862174
-0.0188293
-0.0244992
-0.015087
-0.0002429
0.0103031
0.0033893
70_13
0.06736064
0.03493853
0.11756394
-0.0277679
0.0080201
0.06019339
0.02071548
0.09359651
-0.0514751
0.0048425
0.05928802
0.02455944
0.08832349
-0.0358623
0.0059551
0.01101815
0.0140340
0.05510276
0.02853726
0.1024704
-0.0376464
-0.0178301
0.0004572
5
0.01091882
0.0096494
0.05527155
0.0239469
0.09128011
-0.0396204
0.02027899
0.0064672
0.06490359
0.03485407
0.10405454
-0.0371486
0.07153411
0.03582063
0.1073667
-0.0308569
6
-0.0135778
-0.0015382
68_61-67
2301-L-
0.0129418
0.01136786
1
66_61-67
2301-L-
-0.0399626
3
65_61-67
2301-L-
0.1049663
7
64_61-67
2301-L-
0.01839927
1
63_13
2301-L-
0.06269342
8
537_61-67
2301-L-
0.0043417
9
-0.0200215
-0.0022901
0.02183527
0.0094461
1
180
2301-L-
-0.014689
-0.0084233
0.01913437
72_13
2301-L-
-0.0177297
-0.0002651
0.01667918
-0.0151403
0.0027499
0.01463838
6
-0.0141681
-0.0048187
0.0225609
-0.0362594
0.0040934
0.06335697
0.02371221
0.09900992
-0.030872
0.0067101
0.05875612
0.02894219
0.10346926
-0.0249735
0.0081984
0.06678587
0.0293179
0.09378136
-0.0371322
0.0656644
0.02891787
0.10281
-0.0286378
2
-0.0091512
-0.0018483
0.02529753
84_61-67
2301-L-
0.11602206
7
81_61-67
2301-L-
0.02427154
1
79_61-67
2301-L-
0.0636624
6
74_61-67
2301-L-
0.0017575
0.0071630
9
-0.0293673
-0.0018093
0.01531817
-0.0004411
0.06508855
0.02934305
0.09684331
-0.0346625
-0.0141479
-0.0040299
0.01778915
0.0058991
0.06618533
0.02615243
0.10736468
-0.037113
0.06133816
0.02453646
0.1068102
-0.030465
85_61-67
2301-L92_13
2301-L93_13
2
-0.0152873
-0.0071041
0.01771906
0.0053145
7
181
2301-L-
-0.0137403
-0.0040126
0.01675908
95_61-67
2301-L-
-0.0128271
0.0043508
0.02008348
2
-0.0139532
99_61-67
28662_2051
0.06089791
0.0267202
0.11240647
-0.0301468
0.0659447
0.03700763
0.11212625
-0.0237268
0.07700587
0.01493515
0.10272236
-0.0361658
0.07260415
0.03604397
0.08375666
-0.0500401
9
97_61-67
2301-L-
0.0050877
0.0022736
6
0.01534989
2
-0.0095291
0.0051199
0.0151251
0.0054030
8
0.02514685
8
0.0146574
3
28663_2051
-0.0145586
-0.0125557
0.01936533
-0.0043696
0.06753038
0.02601551
0.09937438
-0.0435403
28720_2051
-0.0180964
-0.0067133
0.01200204
0.0035956
0.05812942
0.02659816
0.09040567
-0.0497076
7
28736_2051
-0.0182344
-0.0055773
0.01707408
0.0026784
0.06645222
0.02699907
0.1028149
-0.0293009
28738b_205
-0.0153742
-0.0062186
0.02009611
0.0041855
0.06272539
0.03471701
0.10831738
-0.04904
0.0617015
0.03084926
0.0876957
-0.0542294
1
28739_2051
9
-0.0108777
-0.0040709
0.02109688
0.0053711
6
182
28756_2051
-0.0184557
-0.0086133
0.01401995
0.0013973
0.05843486
0.03265358
0.09902905
-0.0537807
28758_2051
-0.0132673
-2.48E-06
0.01475902
0.0102128
0.05508459
0.0345911
0.09724708
-0.041101
0.06364665
0.02866122
0.10481138
-0.024254
3
29041_2051
-0.0233153
-0.0005728
0.01367828
0.0081267
8
29049_2051
-0.0100313
-0.0115814
0.01755281
-0.0015501
0.06413207
0.02109252
0.10719181
-0.0459898
29056_2051
-0.0052439
-0.0002893
0.01911422
0.0125336
0.05945901
0.03721771
0.10175907
-0.0423563
0.06465448
0.02776645
0.1060371
-0.0378998
0.05708547
0.03486215
0.10287548
-0.0359506
0.06739086
0.0295002
0.11273296
-0.0440254
0.06461463
0.03253207
0.10340137
-0.0455952
8
29068_2051
-0.0211631
-0.005672
0.01599083
0.0031841
9
29075_2051
-0.0200482
-0.0010605
0.01157512
0.0067257
5
29082_2051
-0.019433
-0.0038724
0.01872323
0.0039314
6
76919_2051
-0.0174406
-0.0035812
0.01516039
0.0058219
1
183
associated
-0.0340127
0.007702
0.00466114
with 2301-R-
0.0157704
0.06155761
0.03221733
0.10955577
-0.0229154
9
214_61-67
JR3_2051
-0.0189415
-0.0066431
0.01344958
0.0047887
0.05771857
0.02913332
0.10336434
-0.0375903
LACMHC
-0.0073622
-0.0071666
0.02172509
-0.0029716
0.06742704
0.01722332
0.12580234
-0.0260493
-0.0233462
-0.0018299
0.01403129
0.0012953
0.07003153
0.02621873
0.09939982
-0.0278276
-0.0240021
-0.0044574
0.01581375
0.0026527
0.06460839
0.02740915
0.09977927
-0.0402641
0.0711723
0.02432899
0.09813248
-0.0454995
0.06553773
0.03030506
0.10413337
-0.0336681
0.06688901
0.02481292
0.10387367
-0.0373616
54899_13
LACMHC
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
LACMHC
5
-0.0168935
-0.0053827
0.02185669
54909_13
LACMHC
4
-0.0173324
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
0.0012722
0.0036320
0.02200717
4
-0.0062126
0.0007093
9
0.0101343
5
0.02812981
0.0074159
9
184
LACMHC
-0.0161062
54917_13
LACMHC
-0.0124503
0.0016702
-0.0207256
0.0079050
0.0198075
54959_13
-0.0273688
0.0107438
0.06601336
0.03102117
0.098579
-0.0432681
0.05427587
0.0359008
0.11266366
-0.0315273
0.01592225
0.0062441
0.06305618
0.02730096
0.09648146
-0.0318729
0.07087247
0.02631026
0.0981049
-0.0343875
0.06561935
0.0232068
0.12627174
-0.0229741
0.06672725
0.02799386
0.1134729
-0.0190195
0.06687027
0.03435214
0.10501143
-0.0362126
5
-0.0148811
-0.0003206
9
-0.0208526
-0.0058206
0.0169149
0.0012323
3
-0.01509
-0.0048068
0.0189717
0.0034518
4
-0.019818
54958_13
LACMHC
0.10146669
0.0157808
54943_13
LACMHC
0.02152613
0.00885355
54940_13
LACMHC
0.06406955
1
54924_13
LACMHC
0.0039174
1
3
54922_13
LACMHC
0.01994842
9
54921_13
LACMHC
0.0040048
0.0012851
0.01651661
3
-0.0149166
-0.003713
0.0035599
5
0.01676199
0.0086285
8
185
LACMHC
-0.0232731
-0.005836
0.01171689
54962_13
LACMHC
0.0000173
0.06112182
0.02155464
0.10310725
-0.0455598
4
-0.0206288
-0.0057274
0.02160799
0.0037501
0.07519977
0.02628877
0.10665133
-0.0258075
-0.0148433
-0.0113646
0.02464825
0.0042925
0.07496578
0.02538495
0.12952964
-0.0275177
0.07509055
0.03053456
0.09574395
-0.0372892
0.06415562
0.02115938
0.09233649
-0.0564017
0.0688583
0.02823205
0.11117471
-0.0164437
0.0696372
0.03367912
0.0993926
-0.0398796
0.05812522
0.03592495
0.11176971
-0.0285832
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
LACMHC
8
-0.0120624
-0.0105742
0.02765724
54977_13
LACMHC
8
-0.0221799
-0.0045656
0.01405196
54983_13
LACMHC
-0.0139468
0.0006038
0.01850085
6
-0.0110142
-0.0012152
55516_61-67
0.0051936
3
0.0246259
55513_61-67
LACMHC
0.0031848
4
55509_61-67
LACMHC
0.0085970
0.0094172
6
-0.0248223
0.0002233
0.01346138
0.0099470
3
186
LACMHC
-0.0167923
-0.0065725
0.01666821
55518_61-67
LACMHC
-0.0142971
-0.0021553
0.01935336
-0.0110888
-0.0082412
0.02103267
-0.0201938
-0.0153858
0.0001124
0.00625751
0.0005034
0.01630838
9
-0.0154447
55666_61-67
LACMHC
55675_61-67
0.0067634
0.06417695
0.03430179
0.11000868
-0.0360331
0.0013538
0.0648901
0.02510315
0.11333853
-0.0361878
0.0055802
0.05568495
0.02329103
0.10228007
-0.0330289
0.0041335
0.01567391
4
-0.0110102
-8.156E-05
0.0055922
0.06224208
0.02858088
0.10161011
-0.0367683
0.05709919
0.0290834
0.1050087
-0.0188679
0.06967019
0.03566749
0.1035413
-0.0285559
0.06796832
0.03182605
0.1065769
-0.0398698
2
0.0103099
2
0.02533334
55667_61-67
LACMHC
-0.0038238
6
55665_61-67
LACMHC
0.11733592
2
55660_61-67
LACMHC
0.0284511
7
55521_61-67
LACMHC
0.06113684
8
55520_61-67
LACMHC
0.0039084
0.0072438
9
-0.0081406
-0.0018828
0.02279451
0.0121455
6
187
LACMHC
-0.0131348
55681_61-67
LACMHC
0.02318434
0.0089034
0.06540003
0.03001841
0.10427116
-0.0291688
0.01445087
0.0110111
0.05865049
0.03435009
0.09686006
-0.0431411
0.06610857
0.0326807
0.11642248
-0.0318994
0.06689915
0.02867787
0.08530995
-0.0403499
0.06683735
0.03114998
0.09915123
-0.0313629
0.05928113
0.02554321
0.10295419
-0.0300725
0.08291863
0.02037637
0.10828844
-0.0398605
0.06975993
0.02541439
0.11181647
-0.0311674
2
-0.0160214
55683_61-67
LACMHC
0.0008047
0.0042301
9
-0.0166928
-0.0023598
7
0.01559894
55685_61-67
LACMHC
4
-0.0207557
55691_61-67
LACMHC
0.0006304
0.01948566
8
-0.0143856
55692_61-67
LACMHC
0.0000344
0.02044383
9
-0.0199473
-0.0016786
55695_61-67
0.0089569
6
0.0093619
0.0047927
6
-0.0048816
-0.0095363
0.03415698
55694_61-67
LACMHC
0.0093174
1
55693_61-67
LACMHC
0.0057327
0.0007105
8
-0.0108035
0.0006610
6
0.02685279
0.0091822
5
188
LACMHC
-0.0166998
-0.0030563
0.01402717
0.0077516
0.06134154
0.0242775
0.09844162
-0.0334635
-0.0237362
0.0037989
0.01492547
0.0066053
0.06028815
0.03169168
0.10770617
-0.028617
0.07005738
0.02901264
0.09972525
-0.0322365
0.06449343
0.02962278
0.09152099
-0.0336949
0.06781833
0.02778001
0.0876101
-0.032348
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
6
-0.0169009
-0.0043729
0.01938334
680_61-67
LACMHC
1
-0.0170071
681_61-67
LACMHC
0.0030446
0.02087807
7
-0.0157123
-0.0007551
0.0103424
1
0.01892282
682_61-67
LACMHC
0.0014684
0.0077651
2
-0.0165626
-0.0057886
0.01618362
0.0021631
0.05977033
0.02520575
0.08813682
-0.0423427
-0.0058297
-0.0009023
0.02328646
0.0086356
0.06526928
0.03175744
0.09405971
-0.0431825
0.06331919
0.02699562
0.09160815
-0.0452962
683_61-67
R17460_91
2
R17488_91
-0.0120084
-0.0019295
0.01958105
0.0059269
6
189
R17928_91
-0.0130209
-0.0054871
0.02202378
0.0040262
0.06539464
0.02629029
0.11033714
-0.0469242
0.06580656
0.02860636
0.10767598
-0.033426
0.06687559
0.02873436
0.12149045
-0.0252229
0.06446807
0.02854436
0.10092312
-0.0445311
0.06398124
0.02835025
0.10333459
-0.0419424
8
R18664_91
-0.0147477
0.0031569
0.01731373
8
R27246_91
-0.0172849
-0.0070978
0.0116578
9
0.01770472
0.0040630
7
R28351_91
-0.0195089
-0.0085167
0.01637402
0.0027140
3
R28379_91
-0.0162328
-0.0027153
0.01399692
0.0052315
2
R28913_91
-0.0148197
-0.0045389
0.01832565
0.0060386
0.06475889
0.0304131
0.10280376
-0.0325288
R30721_91
-0.0171303
-0.0012427
0.01831109
0.0084371
0.06484269
0.03180731
0.11258079
-0.0191003
0.06962951
0.03316118
0.10333916
-0.0437628
0.07062613
0.01749808
0.1066413
-0.0370014
3
R30746_91
-0.0127129
-0.0053491
0.02205403
0.0063210
3
R31305_91
-0.0090641
-0.0098672
0.02042497
-0.0010205
190
R34526_91
-0.0186403
-0.0020972
0.01654659
0.0013880
0.06374417
0.02178714
0.11512853
-0.0389323
0.06187699
0.02809294
0.10540038
-0.034401
2
R34706_91
-0.0109773
-0.0046879
0.01757953
0.0052685
7
R38491_91
-0.0151501
-0.0059926
0.0193229
-9.836E-05
0.06419023
0.02335909
0.0944208
-0.0352386
R39009_91
-0.0107123
-0.0142027
0.03094312
-0.0010232
0.08900597
0.02142208
0.12278014
-0.0332773
R39376_91
-0.0170128
0.0023879
0.01033304
0.0120661
0.05676763
0.02916898
0.09059093
-0.0432817
0.06361215
0.02092475
0.10613314
-0.0401704
2
R39566_91
-0.0124964
0.0011041
6
0.01473641
3
0.0055534
4
R39965_91
-0.0136123
-0.0113933
0.02226089
-0.0019002
0.07101548
0.02354355
0.12325407
-0.023061
R40942_91
-0.0175937
-0.0029919
0.01086376
0.0013071
0.05719147
0.01959553
0.10539334
-0.0333979
0.07792343
0.02609628
0.1258892
-0.0278255
0.06821112
0.02907084
0.10199129
-0.0363441
6
R52965_91
-0.0058932
-0.0096582
0.027678
0.0004928
3
R53460_91
-0.0130691
0.0015882
0.02066333
0.0086173
191
7
R53878_91
-0.0098062
-0.0007908
6
0.0218242
0.0095686
0.06560546
0.03472352
0.12005647
-0.0357889
LM11 X
LM11 Y
LM12 X
LM12 Y
1
Specimen
LM9 X
LM9 Y
LM10 X
LM10 Y
0.20744001 0.23490416
0.27881306
0.10141725 0.3281955
0.10874746
0.33282511
-0.00815
0.20036773 0.23476832
0.26886364
0.09691981 0.32852985
0.10035143
0.32943651
-0.0154068
0.20245955 0.23765871
0.27413757
0.09706516 0.32970882
0.10382759
0.32303144
-0.0193695
0.22082578 0.24351811
0.26809421
0.09605019 0.33418796
0.1016792
0.31720177
-0.0262131
0.18534673 0.2441078
0.26582001
0.0995078
0.10571273
0.34427925
-0.0181977
#_Pit #
2301-L101_13
2301-L106_61-67
2301-L109_61-67
2301-L10_61-67
2301-L-
192
0.32614072
120_61-67
2301-L-
0.20911029 0.2429454
0.27263263
0.0963187
0.32977362
0.10705075
0.3285738
-0.0223715
0.19861622 0.24568536
0.27072155
0.09262992 0.32371615
0.09503123
0.33641436
-0.0253699
0.20553133 0.24688529
0.27335275
0.09953107 0.33061292
0.10480931
0.33647756
-0.0311664
0.21154038 0.2459237
0.27450551
0.10123842 0.31842747
0.08553547
0.33409079
-0.0292124
0.21693048 0.241901
0.2773721
0.09895179 0.32977501
0.10360891
0.33425887
-0.026772
0.2163636
0.23035102
0.27800641
0.09595798 0.32823608
0.10401123
0.32696601
-0.0205569
0.2017478
0.24319111
0.27520298
0.09292877 0.33518476
0.10286491
0.33753611
-0.0207352
0.21926057 0.24785635
0.27573367
0.09678296 0.32963473
0.09927589
0.32569778
-0.0190452
123_61-67
2301-L12_61-67
2301-L140_61-67
2301-L143_13
2301-L148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L155_61-67
2301-L-
193
156_61-67
2301-L-
0.20248756 0.24322433
0.27824487
0.09575297 0.32972989
0.10379832
0.33493486
-0.0264676
0.20626562 0.24613144
0.27051815
0.09423367 0.32729594
0.10606162
0.33101078
-0.0233077
0.21514182 0.24437934
0.27937785
0.10876009 0.33105512
0.09758817
0.33179885
-0.0267482
0.20251908 0.23953956
0.27667284
0.09884204 0.32447911
0.09601244
0.33676009
-0.0332248
0.20101847 0.24108063
0.28105072
0.09346486 0.32979617
0.10553868
0.33525143
-0.0231108
0.21620451 0.24219662
0.26657822
0.09351298 0.32565522
0.10200029
0.3331554
-0.0295032
0.22578491 0.22851552
0.27995484
0.0893453
0.32656714
0.09201641
0.32904354
-0.017359
0.210845
0.27656453
0.09763005 0.32699282
0.10413197
0.34245831
-0.0227922
164_61-67
2301-L167_61-67
2301-L173_13
2301-L185_61-67
2301-L186_61-67
2301-L193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2301-L-
0.24855656
194
210_61-67
2301-L-
0.20652504 0.24228074
0.27277985
0.09451516 0.33496155
0.10334462
0.33213673
-0.0392741
0.22512556 0.25259864
0.27200723
0.10069525 0.32475731
0.10601932
0.32984381
-0.0413393
0.20561575 0.2377019
0.27784623
0.09473868 0.33344695
0.10159352
0.32514719
-0.0267391
0.20479425 0.23898226
0.27373065
0.09339737 0.33133942
0.09787007
0.32529684
-0.0403466
0.22328116 0.23378991
0.27845055
0.09688733 0.32990349
0.1045298
0.33321533
-0.0276001
0.21521755 0.24041443
0.27347072
0.09435085 0.32428356
0.09971626
0.33261409
-0.0266993
0.20057647 0.24181952
0.277989
0.09034486 0.32706017
0.09972344
0.35073339
-0.0232959
0.23136025 0.23764157
0.28134227
0.09764381 0.3261507
0.09983268
0.32643769
-0.0230326
211_61-67
2301-L218_61-67
2301-L242_61-67
2301-L244_61-67
2301-L245_61-67
2301-L246_61-67
2301-L28_61-67
2301-L-
195
419_13
2301-L-
0.2169373
0.24747266
0.27745441
0.09645676 0.32511354
0.10411141
0.33658171
-0.0226248
0.21051644 0.24753785
0.2761409
0.09558248 0.32939281
0.10414883
0.33413747
-0.0253775
0.22380484 0.24085803
0.27049549
0.10069155 0.32399673
0.10447939
0.33617491
-0.0214397
0.2228542
0.27179516
0.09272492 0.33236794
0.09918215
0.32914654
-0.0241594
0.21166729 0.23950167
0.2735437
0.09607027 0.3270196
0.10705005
0.33012388
-0.0251383
0.20674233 0.24245675
0.26642483
0.0996039
0.32216205
0.08373088
0.32454506
-0.0093492
0.22263991 0.23846928
0.27191257
0.09816186 0.32776268
0.10666367
0.3305264
-0.0196908
0.22454266 0.26252316
0.28618869
0.10584629 0.3253765
0.0973449
0.29893325
-0.0319009
425_61-67
2301-L428_61-67
2301-L42_61-67
2301-L-
0.23969327
430_61-67
2301-L433_61-67
2301-L447_13
2301-L44_61-67
2301-L-
196
451_13
2301-L-
0.21583267 0.24242672
0.26780721
0.09258732 0.32231027
0.09843021
0.33867898
-0.0301814
0.20612958 0.25120728
0.29034009
0.10866532 0.33640397
0.10398325
0.31937209
-0.0337653
0.20356299 0.24554495
0.2743599
0.09883581 0.32015541
0.10778112
0.33624822
-0.0197005
0.21100666 0.24141902
0.27738277
0.10079158 0.3289642
0.10417134
0.33436351
-0.0273043
0.21632447 0.24325415
0.28006839
0.10490828 0.32156605
0.09916774
0.33509814
-0.0273273
0.20414311 0.23511512
0.27503726
0.09426866 0.32357993
0.10184216
0.33065768
-0.0226374
0.20937274 0.23589565
0.26947062
0.09585906 0.31645305
0.10026991
0.33133833
-0.0219304
0.1953787
0.27062357
0.10568299 0.32106705
0.10185681
0.34039824
-0.0219451
455_61-67
2301-L466_13
2301-L468_13
2301-L469_61-67
2301-L474_13
2301-L475_13
2301-L482_61-67
2301-L-
0.24799614
197
48_61-67
2301-L-
0.19928621 0.23874403
0.2714646
0.09917091 0.31948169
0.10826637
0.33291645
-0.0307426
0.19808313 0.24170871
0.26351862
0.09512947 0.31864339
0.09088964
0.31722389
-0.0189112
0.21031801 0.23408292
0.26862405
0.09065242 0.32746688
0.10583224
0.33333109
-0.0197697
0.19100819 0.22933763
0.27193304
0.10274357 0.32290721
0.109229
0.33346249
-0.0148549
0.21142163 0.24593197
0.27408299
0.10288576 0.32409621
0.10623272
0.33489753
-0.0169111
0.1947163
0.24153024
0.28435392
0.09802786 0.332279
0.10127747
0.34041839
-0.0329366
0.20049039 0.24614545
0.27167127
0.09965681 0.32793451
0.10581979
0.33439098
-0.0245599
0.20826322 0.2435546
0.27591934
0.09955338 0.32526156
0.10024409
0.33336942
-0.0263897
490_13
2301-L493_61-67
2301-L4_61-67
2301-L500_13
2301-L509_61-67
2301-L50_61-67
2301-L511_61-67
2301-L-
198
514_61-67
2301-L-
0.21657656 0.24255758
0.27432958
0.09331135 0.33243491
0.09347823
0.32595746
-0.0231527
0.21849487 0.23990908
0.27780716
0.09412862 0.33032389
0.09706217
0.32664557
-0.0205423
0.21721287 0.24035691
0.27148253
0.08791668 0.31776368
0.09667986
0.3324668
-0.0130789
0.21696355 0.23285455
0.26662595
0.10041984 0.31563977
0.09613532
0.31860558
-0.0328737
0.21322738 0.24515501
0.27959374
0.10145872 0.32721225
0.10805137
0.33191176
-0.0239797
0.21823782 0.2444422
0.28361637
0.0975448
0.33217524
0.10039304
0.33172026
-0.0240053
0.20056541 0.23404379
0.27644365
0.09385881 0.32970566
0.10118099
0.33181674
-0.0258615
0.21180972 0.23070904
0.27805373
0.09297569 0.32501548
0.10058167
0.33377815
-0.0172653
516_61-67
2301-L517_61-67
2301-L518_61-67
2301-L537_61-67
2301-L63_13
2301-L64_61-67
2301-L65_61-67
2301-L-
199
66_61-67
2301-L-
0.21924193 0.24297909
0.27599151
0.09751908 0.32730613
0.09891809
0.31876621
-0.0303861
0.22378858 0.24442887
0.28142501
0.09864443 0.32353752
0.0930255
0.32421276
-0.0345145
0.20033534 0.24771451
0.27793388
0.10375524 0.3248303
0.10400383
0.32980496
-0.0222217
0.22322679 0.23879177
0.27903671
0.09299913 0.33150572
0.10214116
0.33356658
-0.0200556
0.21221208 0.23597159
0.27817158
0.09637786 0.33334583
0.09900913
0.33008005
-0.0317501
0.20454352 0.23683307
0.28098505
0.10044132 0.33232248
0.10184341
0.33982972
-0.0266029
0.19887585 0.23650193
0.27268916
0.09682748 0.32743021
0.10099614
0.32835387
-0.0257986
0.20113727 0.23508632
0.28000639
0.09742642 0.3309439
0.10022234
0.32993258
-0.022486
68_61-67
2301-L70_13
2301-L72_13
2301-L74_61-67
2301-L79_61-67
2301-L81_61-67
2301-L84_61-67
2301-L-
200
85_61-67
2301-L-
0.19778215 0.23094879
0.28393181
0.10201495 0.32256755
0.10231242
0.33379536
-0.0142256
0.21780574 0.24359833
0.27701812
0.09781407 0.32512418
0.10190332
0.33114602
-0.0218862
0.19700414 0.24147493
0.27656136
0.09285404 0.32964416
0.09572944
0.32712887
-0.0258088
0.19506386 0.20714115
0.27781414
0.09800876 0.33412929
0.10109281
0.33215315
-0.0288139
0.20822689 0.24153828
0.27431933
0.0951981
0.31772921
0.09463798
0.33778139
-0.024938
28662_2051
0.21061009 0.24005108
0.27749764
0.09581108 0.33365669
0.09685992
0.32447648
-0.0278654
28663_2051
0.19574985 0.25264106
0.27004276
0.10906668 0.3125331
0.10374097
0.34575239
-0.0272795
28720_2051
0.22478225 0.25989998
0.28047091
0.10070251 0.32371309
0.0981415
0.33458115
-0.0200852
28736_2051
0.21562999 0.25285533
0.28030943
0.1002838
0.09391591
0.3391319
-0.0207333
28738b_2051 0.20889898 0.25732938
0.27090737
0.10243331 0.3162715
0.0967812
0.33625169
-0.0207726
92_13
2301-L93_13
2301-L95_61-67
2301-L97_61-67
2301-L99_61-67
201
0.32558394
28739_2051
0.19204277 0.25223272
0.28151492
0.09803288 0.33090913
0.10359047
0.34020551
-0.0202798
28756_2051
0.20001856 0.26533222
0.27479442
0.10692946 0.32570507
0.10039681
0.34595832
-0.0295764
28758_2051
0.21182691 0.25676363
0.27285117
0.10386582 0.32335199
0.09736865
0.33489502
-0.0357626
29041_2051
0.20121365 0.24230837
0.28787485
0.09428871 0.33041355
0.09196287
0.33943157
-0.0263057
29049_2051
0.20558611 0.24649345
0.28072608
0.10190473 0.31830317
0.10241244
0.3439161
-0.0133392
29056_2051
0.20685514 0.24422745
0.27805913
0.10435968 0.3245606
0.08888336
0.32842192
-0.0386739
29068_2051
0.20666636 0.23011089
0.27927191
0.09898684 0.32573245
0.09664228
0.34393419
-0.0110052
29075_2051
0.2040634
0.24350445
0.28185301
0.10118073 0.33119435
0.09676586
0.34208543
-0.0249316
29082_2051
0.20834654 0.25036542
0.27714226
0.09724465 0.32179207
0.09513161
0.33114974
-0.0164528
76919_2051
0.19833552 0.25002643
0.27811054
0.10440287 0.32745402
0.09210477
0.3453907
-0.027722
associated
0.22809708 0.23659242
0.27982069
0.0908818
0.33989078
0.10054453
0.34116277
-0.0225015
JR3_2051
0.20175964 0.24877612
0.28289486
0.10806837 0.32870608
0.10036865
0.33553601
-0.041542
LACMHC
0.19523631 0.23451975
0.27106766
0.09661315 0.3047734
0.09104186
0.33381982
-0.0161108
with 2301-R214_61-67
54899_13
202
LACMHC
0.21561203 0.25472239
0.28085924
0.09945848 0.32340513
0.09326703
0.33577912
-0.021502
0.21960502 0.25503709
0.27725723
0.10529451 0.32154218
0.10928978
0.33198415
-0.0324492
0.20736526 0.24096879
0.27460069
0.0998565
0.31945683
0.10197886
0.32994627
-0.020402
0.21578396 0.23068575
0.275392
0.09551567 0.32381714
0.10056159
0.32904102
-0.0210825
0.19521355 0.23830555
0.27385148
0.09503181 0.3250553
0.09836745
0.33440585
-0.0267756
0.21181216 0.22722082
0.27290439
0.09422728 0.32485228
0.09732978
0.32658146
-0.0245216
0.2088758
0.24718812
0.27516345
0.09838417 0.31607709
0.1044494
0.33137483
-0.0306899
0.21398875 0.24040764
0.27850567
0.09093524 0.32392632
0.09662048
0.32897683
-0.0296243
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
LACMHC
54909_13
LACMHC
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
LACMHC
54917_13
LACMHC
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
203
LACMHC
0.21073411 0.23806602
0.28055927
0.10102606 0.32974018
0.09905897
0.3146993
-0.032175
0.22294232 0.23647953
0.27613365
0.09687463 0.3251904
0.10713461
0.32981177
-0.0164065
0.19424301 0.2347818
0.29259484
0.09872237 0.33224847
0.1057935
0.32607329
-0.0268679
0.2138796
0.25008035
0.28527842
0.09734583 0.33135261
0.09477801
0.32331705
-0.0228432
0.22075204 0.24683038
0.26954632
0.09801801 0.31976171
0.09861537
0.33091413
-0.0248298
0.20561406 0.25234243
0.27604554
0.10176028 0.32107683
0.10895493
0.3436632
-0.0189293
0.21580018 0.23076602
0.28700255
0.09848237 0.32316649
0.10853457
0.33138031
-0.0187792
0.20633765 0.24009882
0.26932456
0.09841317 0.31872858
0.08963927
0.31502864
-0.018606
54924_13
LACMHC
54940_13
LACMHC
54943_13
LACMHC
54958_13
LACMHC
54959_13
LACMHC
54962_13
LACMHC
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
204
LACMHC
0.20157945 0.25586583
0.27440014
0.10425253 0.3177275
0.10298081
0.33529909
-0.0319798
0.20819597 0.24629089
0.27650813
0.10743565 0.32786335
0.11697432
0.33996401
-0.0297163
0.20890682 0.23302971
0.27517182
0.08834707 0.32443108
0.09604968
0.325671
-0.021748
0.20537534 0.24599311
0.27500296
0.09523061 0.32466214
0.09200247
0.32999709
-0.0172236
0.19528407 0.23601306
0.28009552
0.10086778 0.3259831
0.10955164
0.34191697
-0.0371385
0.22058302 0.24643822
0.2708046
0.09216882 0.32122328
0.09909837
0.32557904
-0.0324561
0.19895361 0.249977
0.26987287
0.0956619
0.32908813
0.09846263
0.33139488
-0.0284736
0.21153006 0.24067436
0.26410667
0.09460672 0.31879913
0.09594681
0.33015957
-0.0094943
54977_13
LACMHC
54983_13
LACMHC
55509_61-67
LACMHC
55513_61-67
LACMHC
55516_61-67
LACMHC
55518_61-67
LACMHC
55520_61-67
LACMHC
55521_61-67
205
LACMHC
0.20205617 0.23468358
0.27798182
0.09208931 0.33232007
0.10576265
0.34204402
-0.0223979
0.2161428
0.23513726
0.27204576
0.09695054 0.32306566
0.10096661
0.33434266
-0.025967
0.21777782 0.23917545
0.27273925
0.09156323 0.33511294
0.09892703
0.32657692
-0.0271221
0.21738309 0.23736852
0.27237395
0.09345103 0.32646821
0.09520724
0.32088479
-0.0227236
0.21343491 0.24570789
0.26808351
0.09368391 0.32891768
0.09897373
0.32244534
-0.0317559
0.22019529 0.23602037
0.27486562
0.09219503 0.32438474
0.09367632
0.32416424
-0.0199901
0.21724252 0.24624898
0.28158344
0.09604114 0.33173525
0.09263219
0.32849762
-0.0285509
0.20415813 0.23685307
0.27220849
0.09432446 0.31842208
0.09764158
0.32997506
-0.0251064
55660_61-67
LACMHC
55665_61-67
LACMHC
55666_61-67
LACMHC
55667_61-67
LACMHC
55675_61-67
LACMHC
55681_61-67
LACMHC
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
206
LACMHC
0.21966655 0.23959857
0.27279014
0.09593689 0.32920042
0.10776326
0.32907345
-0.0298451
0.20567958 0.23470822
0.28292671
0.09287721 0.32690134
0.09275769
0.32874044
-0.0227224
0.20294997 0.23871119
0.28117641
0.09159671 0.33176946
0.09437591
0.33890723
-0.0192818
0.19537685 0.23023952
0.2543478
0.102649
0.31967156
0.10212861
0.31734073
-0.0120037
0.22070646 0.23157788
0.2647528
0.0896301
0.32596447
0.09230333
0.31553815
-0.020818
0.19604415 0.2480581
0.27675259
0.09542325 0.32615349
0.09385576
0.3412982
-0.0229017
0.21476852 0.23294947
0.26946919
0.09202992 0.32291495
0.10136227
0.33790068
-0.0254553
0.20360188 0.23646364
0.27182478
0.0945413
0.10107898
0.33404146
-0.0242146
55691_61-67
LACMHC
55692_61-67
LACMHC
55693_61-67
LACMHC
55694_61-67
LACMHC
55695_61-67
LACMHC
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
680_61-67
207
0.32784997
LACMHC
0.21011096 0.23987057
0.27390626
0.09088011 0.32420223
0.09629689
0.32759647
-0.035822
0.2153089
0.24178941
0.27260944
0.09426701 0.32157897
0.11176705
0.3274301
-0.0305745
0.21593081 0.24579917
0.27296789
0.09296539 0.32712963
0.09653733
0.32907678
-0.0105743
R17460_91
0.20968016 0.2436378
0.2646371
0.09231287 0.31002943
0.09713555
0.33144874
-0.0199949
R17488_91
0.21238653 0.23368761
0.27034115
0.09267732 0.32292486
0.10048894
0.32590134
-0.0234442
R17928_91
0.21613265 0.23620294
0.28062845
0.10722914 0.32923019
0.10715806
0.31530684
-0.0172567
R18664_91
0.20815055 0.24807747
0.27589265
0.0895392
0.322917
0.09769928
0.33524368
-0.0285919
R27246_91
0.20413457 0.23046384
0.26786546
0.0903641
0.31189033
0.09518752
0.32780583
-0.009138
R28351_91
0.20728965 0.24540497
0.26913688
0.10045954 0.32740377
0.10638073
0.33831336
-0.0160791
R28379_91
0.20215154 0.23148413
0.27262475
0.09903468 0.33238705
0.10281873
0.3288635
-0.0192417
R28913_91
0.21279895 0.23584239
0.27504267
0.09897654 0.31944786
0.11178656
0.33236654
-0.0389548
R30721_91
0.22192677 0.23966786
0.26931815
0.09244092 0.3139646
0.09302201
0.32653313
-0.0294361
R30746_91
0.20014976 0.24031893
0.27367864
0.10047859 0.32783096
0.1020189
0.32762302
-0.0217851
681_61-67
LACMHC
682_61-67
LACMHC
683_61-67
208
R31305_91
0.19722231 0.22483044
0.27039693
0.10012461 0.32059415
0.10619297
0.32568264
-0.0139168
R34526_91
0.20072213 0.23558598
0.27268719
0.10361175 0.32159524
0.10765178
0.32261449
-0.0320983
R34706_91
0.21069926 0.23418137
0.27304619
0.0970156
0.1019171
0.32259461
-0.0250603
R38491_91
0.21951196 0.2258073
0.27349905
0.09563174 0.32536037
0.10252448
0.33115338
-0.0221387
R39009_91
0.1826688
0.22335301
0.2584863
0.10065921 0.31700247
0.09432012
0.31888937
-0.0146171
R39376_91
0.213811
0.24219576
0.27401669
0.09623672 0.32734351
0.10074891
0.3319921
-0.0268743
R39566_91
0.21263354 0.23436979
0.27583941
0.0986187
0.32957865
0.10794944
0.32312147
-0.0268715
R39965_91
0.21130267 0.23017161
0.2693642
0.09693565 0.32190917
0.09943907
0.31492303
-0.0149055
R40942_91
0.20865175 0.23640504
0.2705931
0.09701171 0.31999248
0.1067171
0.33563127
-0.0250413
R52965_91
0.20187045 0.22715728
0.27443722
0.10692256 0.32157859
0.09332978
0.30470449
-0.0129828
R53460_91
0.20419329 0.24003018
0.2737305
0.09609305 0.32171737
0.09892368
0.34153495
-0.0328817
R53878_91
0.215706
0.26894136
0.09439571 0.32034636
0.10274835
0.31827181
-0.0288441
0.23867027
209
0.32517876
Specimen
LM13 X
LM13 Y
LM14 X
0.2008814
-0.0644769
0.20123769
LM14 Y
LM15 X
LM15 Y
LM16 X
LM16 Y
0.02572806 -0.1242759
-0.0973422
-0.1208037
-0.30876
-0.0965
-0.0651084
0.03227706 -0.1248704
-0.0955045
-0.1216496
-0.315
-0.10048
0.21042515
-0.0605176
0.03489205 -0.1276118
-0.0932031
-0.124679
-0.30263
-0.09976
0.20202395
-0.0537272
0.03343356 -0.1147012
-0.0864312
-0.1177037
-0.30002
-0.09836
0.20013117
-0.0714936
0.04025681 -0.1401561
-0.0928168
-0.1250818
-0.30122
-0.09117
0.21611688
-0.0543764
0.02417134 -0.1305585
-0.109514
-0.1221584
-0.30525
-0.09864
0.2058877
-0.0648639
0.03720706 -0.1233965
-0.0904418
-0.1242194
-0.30172
-0.09911
#_Pit #
2301-L101_13
2301-L106_61-67
2301-L109_61-67
2301-L10_61-67
2301-L120_61-67
2301-L123_61-67
2301-L12_61-67
210
2301-L-
0.20577689
-0.0688831
0.0258391
-0.1376867
-0.0985569
-0.1262234
-0.29407
-0.10235
0.20326698
-0.0640346
0.03358726 -0.1193808
-0.1029447
-0.1195509
-0.30233
-0.10585
0.20268174
-0.0580308
0.0229832
-0.1171796
-0.1007202
-0.1144872
-0.30237
-0.09489
0.19701225
-0.0617194
0.0356781
-0.1174034
-0.0923433
-0.1150274
-0.313
-0.10198
0.20220725
-0.063487
0.02478813 -0.1320729
-0.1062453
-0.123867
-0.30454
-0.10085
0.20320804
-0.0606051
0.02506459 -0.1270425
-0.1020306
-0.1217689
-0.30649
-0.10892
0.20380151
-0.0641576
0.02278188 -0.1251553
-0.109219
-0.1140363
-0.30519
-0.10897
0.21270875
-0.0611568
0.02571658 -0.1263312
-0.1037805
-0.1234599
-0.31208
-0.09862
140_61-67
2301-L143_13
2301-L148_61-67
2301-L154_61-67
2301-L155_61-67
2301-L156_61-67
2301-L164_61-67
2301-L167_61-67
211
2301-L-
0.20800732
-0.0619896
0.02132421 -0.1237477
-0.1202612
-0.1201591
-0.3075
-0.10285
0.20535203
-0.06716
0.02937265 -0.1240369
-0.101553
-0.1153984
-0.30424
-0.1002
0.19993648
-0.0676554
0.02233934 -0.132312
-0.10256
-0.1206263
-0.30682
-0.09192
0.22006922
-0.0547557
0.0228236
-0.1186735
-0.1116506
-0.1088842
-0.32075
-0.08601
0.20277768
-0.0543123
0.0256557
-0.1183304
-0.1107988
-0.1185565
-0.31863
-0.10249
0.19664987
-0.0664422
0.02844952 -0.1296254
-0.1070742
-0.122152
-0.30055
-0.09808
0.19794349
-0.0607846
0.03299434 -0.1237164
-0.096357
-0.1218307
-0.29872
-0.10396
0.19067742
-0.0687138
0.02745907 -0.1251465
-0.0962979
-0.1212785
-0.29631
-0.10582
173_13
2301-L185_61-67
2301-L186_61-67
2301-L193_61-67
2301-L203_61-67
2301-L210_61-67
2301-L211_61-67
2301-L218_61-67
212
2301-L-
0.20854487
-0.0594939
0.03348955 -0.1257222
-0.091207
-0.1224842
-0.30119
-0.09865
0.20631567
-0.0554018
0.03851216 -0.1273882
-0.0894804
-0.1242802
-0.29453
-0.10174
0.19346855
-0.056514
0.03057441 -0.1180487
-0.1009854
-0.1205465
-0.30402
-0.10211
0.2076342
-0.0572105
0.03054023 -0.1214893
-0.0956262
-0.113426
-0.2989
-0.10438
0.20572867
-0.0633468
0.02391298 -0.1223434
-0.1073815
-0.1178609
-0.3077
-0.08976
0.19292293
-0.0614045
0.02476628 -0.115817
-0.0982764
-0.1209152
-0.30642
-0.10666
0.20482575
-0.0640741
0.02244074 -0.1304208
-0.104474
-0.1206909
-0.30574
-0.09522
0.2066369
-0.0553311
0.02313825 -0.1245251
-0.0980786
-0.1219496
-0.30668
-0.09191
242_61-67
2301-L244_61-67
2301-L245_61-67
2301-L246_61-67
2301-L28_61-67
2301-L419_13
2301-L425_61-67
2301-L428_61-67
213
2301-L-
0.20258086
-0.0621786
0.01551274 -0.1297481
-0.1104987
-0.1216503
-0.30653
-0.09285
0.19720153
-0.0574793
0.03001249 -0.120605
-0.0894394
-0.1197124
-0.30882
-0.10384
0.20243169
-0.0620321
0.03311764 -0.1270632
-0.0962573
-0.1219221
-0.30456
-0.09777
0.21832826
-0.0568381
0.03388142 -0.1219126
-0.1184675
-0.1191188
-0.30549
-0.10354
0.19842695
-0.0606799
0.02824482 -0.1270746
-0.1025926
-0.1204853
-0.3085
-0.09662
0.19607814
-0.0690817
0.04065485 -0.1348231
-0.0924609
-0.1312076
-0.3065
-0.09546
0.20720294
-0.0578769
0.02843051 -0.1207835
-0.0891626
-0.1194516
-0.30674
-0.10299
0.18996219
-0.0718197
0.033937
-0.0973197
-0.1201907
-0.30181
-0.09388
42_61-67
2301-L430_61-67
2301-L433_61-67
2301-L447_13
2301-L44_61-67
2301-L451_13
2301-L455_61-67
2301-L-
-0.123515
466_13
214
2301-L-
0.20321405
-0.0671002
0.03365315 -0.1398173
-0.0972675
-0.1305219
-0.30134
-0.10176
0.20030765
-0.0620252
0.0260361
-0.1274618
-0.1011001
-0.1205728
-0.31138
-0.09555
0.21436244
-0.0589231
0.01157528 -0.1290177
-0.1058336
-0.1202835
-0.30501
-0.09809
0.20940356
-0.0620861
0.03705305 -0.1235638
-0.0972471
-0.1250558
-0.29635
-0.0982
0.20659707
-0.0591225
0.03263072 -0.1268882
-0.0973179
-0.126857
-0.30312
-0.10399
0.20891153
-0.0706844
0.03726013 -0.1317689
-0.0940287
-0.1219193
-0.29997
-0.08829
0.19763834
-0.0678663
0.0421533
-0.0989166
-0.1291167
-0.302
-0.10505
0.21316337
-0.0559946
0.04863369 -0.1303575
-0.10522
-0.1276588
-0.30854
-0.09997
468_13
2301-L469_61-67
2301-L474_13
2301-L475_13
2301-L482_61-67
2301-L48_61-67
2301-L-
-0.1296751
490_13
2301-L493_61-67
215
2301-L-
0.21279969
-0.0570009
0.03649506 -0.123324
-0.095281
-0.1245431
-0.29728
-0.10025
0.21302385
-0.0639808
0.02739691 -0.1327679
-0.1024031
-0.126113
-0.3009
-0.10358
0.2045079
-0.0663893
0.03151313 -0.1316561
-0.1044673
-0.1262863
-0.30798
-0.09923
0.20953401
-0.0646533
0.01959319 -0.1208133
-0.0975531
-0.1120689
-0.30571
-0.0977
0.21015131
-0.0589244
0.02894203 -0.1271771
-0.1001519
-0.118507
-0.30038
-0.09488
0.19854214
-0.0628099
0.03197505 -0.1259883
-0.0961554
-0.1259512
-0.29738
-0.1014
0.19937362
-0.0603634
0.02907139 -0.125911
-0.0966916
-0.1210226
-0.2984
-0.0986
0.20384117
-0.0503285
0.0359962
-0.102084
-0.1143699
-0.30773
-0.10249
4_61-67
2301-L500_13
2301-L509_61-67
2301-L50_61-67
2301-L511_61-67
2301-L514_61-67
2301-L516_61-67
2301-L-
-0.1166407
517_61-67
216
2301-L-
0.2212562
-0.0487529
0.0273473
-0.1272925
-0.0975119
-0.1174415
-0.30295
-0.09904
0.22147968
-0.0631172
0.0295851
-0.1248292
-0.0945703
-0.1213359
-0.29878
-0.11102
0.20730295
-0.0568038
0.02538714 -0.1320457
-0.0935032
-0.1261769
-0.2858
-0.09819
0.21659073
-0.0501957
0.0160509
-0.106225
-0.1263249
-0.29022
-0.11085
0.21891561
-0.0595305
0.02406847 -0.1296281
-0.0904138
-0.1277399
-0.29315
-0.1053
0.23220728
-0.049179
0.02640651 -0.125087
-0.0976102
-0.1249917
-0.29871
-0.11057
0.20518938
-0.0557849
0.03104109 -0.1208377
-0.0936647
-0.1188893
-0.30771
-0.09878
0.19436591
-0.0558151
0.03490533 -0.1165903
-0.1016935
-0.115775
-0.30421
-0.1052
518_61-67
2301-L537_61-67
2301-L63_13
2301-L-
-0.1298526
64_61-67
2301-L65_61-67
2301-L66_61-67
2301-L68_61-67
2301-L70_13
217
2301-L-
0.20176757
-0.0661939
0.02389302 -0.1320374
-0.0972907
-0.1251785
-0.30135
-0.09891
0.18675121
-0.0568976
0.0298504
-0.1214241
-0.0931522
-0.1204172
-0.29772
-0.10168
0.20264043
-0.055591
0.0253732
-0.1235182
-0.0928152
-0.121124
-0.29914
-0.10171
0.20570168
-0.0605166
0.03071066 -0.125073
-0.1108461
-0.1170516
-0.31163
-0.08937
0.21249849
-0.0583079
0.03107726 -0.1335548
-0.0981542
-0.1273445
-0.30421
-0.09878
0.2268058
-0.0538939
0.02411816 -0.1298338
-0.1008122
-0.125632
-0.29735
-0.11026
0.209056
-0.0633742
0.03111166 -0.1322602
-0.0990229
-0.1279149
-0.30377
-0.10196
0.20767546
-0.0538859
0.02484941 -0.125371
-0.1061548
-0.1266606
-0.30568
-0.10679
72_13
2301-L74_61-67
2301-L79_61-67
2301-L81_61-67
2301-L84_61-67
2301-L85_61-67
2301-L92_13
2301-L93_13
218
2301-L-
0.21440304
-0.0648822
0.03360171 -0.1199019
-0.0920708
-0.1158049
-0.3015
-0.10125
0.21048411
-0.0548618
0.03025689 -0.1222181
-0.0961918
-0.1228855
-0.30769
-0.10086
0.22002768
-0.0538376
0.01958184 -0.1171181
-0.1060616
-0.1143018
-0.29979
-0.10576
28662_2051
0.19608932
-0.0580411
0.03539616 -0.1162545
-0.0909423
-0.1187926
-0.30235
-0.10532
28663_2051
0.21302131
-0.0620179
0.03110202 -0.1350649
-0.0946662
-0.1243665
-0.30563
-0.09194
28720_2051
0.20383526
-0.0621208
0.02191629 -0.1202589
-0.0971915
-0.1152269
-0.29772
-0.09878
28736_2051
0.19584332
-0.0622215
0.02098413 -0.1225606
-0.1045131
-0.1173061
-0.30483
-0.10155
28738b_2051 0.21238667
-0.0634089
0.02626337 -0.1323291
-0.1032104
-0.1238755
-0.30844
-0.09464
28739_2051
0.19736753
-0.066777
0.03257876 -0.1318494
-0.0946563
-0.1264696
-0.29779
-0.09503
28756_2051
0.21357328
-0.067154
0.01697272 -0.1328782
-0.107114
-0.1191856
-0.29983
-0.08489
28758_2051
0.19804955
-0.0651404
0.03016255 -0.1320916
-0.0871945
-0.125531
-0.29185
-0.10446
29041_2051
0.20343893
-0.0613704
0.02110559 -0.1186109
-0.0959401
-0.1214587
-0.30372
-0.10566
29049_2051
0.19548331
-0.0676331
0.03115017 -0.1207667
-0.0966304
-0.1151951
-0.30703
-0.09142
95_61-67
2301-L97_61-67
2301-L99_61-67
219
29056_2051
0.21041187
-0.0618721
0.03380501 -0.1153214
-0.096573
-0.1114104
-0.29844
-0.09605
29068_2051
0.211555
-0.0590005
0.02503975 -0.1210153
-0.1045985
-0.1138677
-0.30274
-0.0963
29075_2051
0.20848542
-0.0666236
0.01820774 -0.1242832
-0.0999433
-0.118986
-0.30067
-0.0924
29082_2051
0.20097502
-0.0637152
0.03180314 -0.1275166
-0.0987209
-0.1184893
-0.30216
-0.09939
76919_2051
0.19843517
-0.0635033
0.02387294 -0.1195787
-0.0936238
-0.1125434
-0.30125
-0.10089
associated
0.2128707
-0.0605859
-0.0056885
-0.1210134
-0.1243341
-0.1206492
-0.29603
-0.106
JR3_2051
0.20450935
-0.0529428
0.0293881
-0.1271587
-0.100411
-0.1252733
-0.29694
-0.10391
LACMHC
0.22685441
-0.0548598
0.02533644 -0.1255975
-0.0943268
-0.120242
-0.31156
-0.09895
0.20524525
-0.0606414
0.01847514 -0.1266782
-0.1025122
-0.125813
-0.30237
-0.1044
0.20957086
-0.0656565
0.02270747 -0.1279811
-0.1045678
-0.1186235
-0.29555
-0.09873
0.23047587
-0.0505502
0.02248114 -0.1253398
-0.1091037
-0.1199052
-0.30842
-0.1034
with 2301-R214_61-67
54899_13
LACMHC
54901_13
LACMHC
54903_13
LACMHC
220
54909_13
LACMHC
0.19846722
-0.0599808
0.03459299 -0.1279662
-0.0921327
-0.1279926
-0.29784
-0.10336
0.20612851
-0.0614519
0.03433772 -0.1215177
-0.0967683
-0.1199966
-0.30666
-0.09364
0.22038147
-0.0520841
0.03361155 -0.1223391
-0.0926923
-0.121528
-0.29299
-0.10577
0.20434936
-0.0708563
0.03659748 -0.1272072
-0.0880581
-0.1219832
-0.30286
-0.09954
0.21987364
-0.0597422
0.02368795 -0.1324247
-0.0999083
-0.1258756
-0.29384
-0.10742
0.21942434
-0.0587624
0.03252754 -0.121747
-0.0913264
-0.1213484
-0.29263
-0.108
0.20910243
-0.0594084
0.0314149
-0.1030638
-0.119639
-0.30759
-0.10624
0.17949258
-0.0527461
0.02905967 -0.1367432
-0.0956348
-0.1205718
-0.30551
-0.10754
54912_13
LACMHC
54913_13
LACMHC
54917_13
LACMHC
54921_13
LACMHC
54922_13
LACMHC
54924_13
LACMHC
-0.125576
54940_13
LACMHC
221
54943_13
LACMHC
0.19847057
-0.0681411
0.02422887 -0.1186044
-0.1039437
-0.1266162
-0.31241
-0.0977
0.20750203
-0.0603422
0.0297171
-0.1254705
-0.1001655
-0.1260301
-0.29877
-0.10771
0.21279829
-0.0662858
0.02181643 -0.1315004
-0.1039627
-0.1286473
-0.29559
-0.10078
0.20482351
-0.0694978
0.02962415 -0.120011
-0.1159863
-0.1141625
-0.31723
-0.09733
0.21845037
-0.0527541
0.03393152 -0.1227413
-0.1009598
-0.1198275
-0.3145
-0.09983
0.20856586
-0.0659287
0.03721499 -0.1302776
-0.1112361
-0.1258034
-0.30752
-0.09742
0.2055719
-0.0605702
0.02769553 -0.1300029
-0.0991581
-0.1197864
-0.29829
-0.09674
0.21549851
-0.0585472
0.02163295 -0.1263677
-0.095443
-0.1209941
-0.3048
-0.09861
54958_13
LACMHC
54959_13
LACMHC
54962_13
LACMHC
54975_13
LACMHC
54976_13
LACMHC
54977_13
LACMHC
54983_13
LACMHC
222
55509_61-67
LACMHC
0.20184808
-0.0607642
0.03644686 -0.1267623
-0.0951601
-0.1261243
-0.31074
-0.10036
0.21890663
-0.066473
0.02351451 -0.1324567
-0.1068701
-0.1242553
-0.30085
-0.09961
0.21324283
-0.0596599
0.02574826 -0.1277809
-0.1013555
-0.1217213
-0.30704
-0.09744
0.21457838
-0.0668364
0.02304084 -0.1255505
-0.0965395
-0.1189682
-0.30552
-0.09641
0.2167825
-0.0573961
0.03286052 -0.1285604
-0.0976716
-0.1253284
-0.30744
-0.09659
0.2177191
-0.0598869
0.02338402 -0.1262734
-0.0960154
-0.1206396
-0.29392
-0.10082
0.22214319
-0.0596616
0.02353792 -0.1204831
-0.0999325
-0.1097529
-0.3104
-0.09674
0.21339247
-0.0508533
0.01965702 -0.1353677
-0.1046837
-0.1284492
-0.30055
-0.09852
55513_61-67
LACMHC
55516_61-67
LACMHC
55518_61-67
LACMHC
55520_61-67
LACMHC
55521_61-67
LACMHC
55660_61-67
LACMHC
55665_61-67
LACMHC
223
55666_61-67
LACMHC
0.2048041
-0.0557477
0.03126901 -0.1278262
-0.0975305
-0.1207772
-0.30248
-0.09681
0.20539897
-0.0562134
0.03392291 -0.1188513
-0.0989455
-0.116834
-0.30514
-0.10197
0.21543763
-0.0557418
0.02349046 -0.1219007
-0.1009311
-0.1171269
-0.31384
-0.09497
0.20476503
-0.0553744
0.02107303 -0.1193489
-0.0977018
-0.1173521
-0.29217
-0.11052
0.22643093
-0.0630976
0.02706267 -0.1245239
-0.0986359
-0.1153341
-0.30691
-0.09691
0.22221669
-0.0518594
0.02148893 -0.1267782
-0.1026407
-0.1191789
-0.30058
-0.10295
0.20805167
-0.056531
0.03867956 -0.1183431
-0.0949058
-0.1134057
-0.3041
-0.10309
0.21735781
-0.0564108
0.02179203 -0.1224168
-0.0984128
-0.1179291
-0.30034
-0.10411
55667_61-67
LACMHC
55675_61-67
LACMHC
55681_61-67
LACMHC
55683_61-67
LACMHC
55685_61-67
LACMHC
55691_61-67
LACMHC
55692_61-67
LACMHC
224
55693_61-67
LACMHC
0.23203567
-0.0558633
0.03589798 -0.1299165
-0.0956476
-0.1202583
-0.31915
-0.09698
0.21627887
-0.053387
0.03418901 -0.1135626
-0.0944828
-0.1104394
-0.32046
-0.0967
0.22219083
-0.0622356
0.02083875 -0.1271642
-0.0997287
-0.1191266
-0.30156
-0.09333
0.22399074
-0.0574709
0.01881299 -0.1260945
-0.1009053
-0.1198265
-0.29879
-0.10179
0.21395221
-0.0589153
0.03453449 -0.1207891
-0.0982915
-0.1208507
-0.2984
-0.10422
0.21918311
-0.0575118
0.04241668 -0.1158222
-0.0894073
-0.1146374
-0.30166
-0.10665
0.21537975
-0.0633219
0.03494128 -0.1328173
-0.0963827
-0.1230406
-0.2922
-0.10781
0.22363763
-0.0559902
0.02901215 -0.126144
-0.0949696
-0.1232598
-0.30326
-0.09443
55694_61-67
LACMHC
55695_61-67
LACMHC
675_61-67
LACMHC
676_61-67
LACMHC
680_61-67
LACMHC
681_61-67
LACMHC
682_61-67
LACMHC
225
683_61-67
R17460_91
0.22937392
-0.0575741
0.02984277 -0.1308728
-0.0942833
-0.1281024
-0.31071
-0.10521
R17488_91
0.2335724
-0.050908
0.03129084 -0.1157896
-0.0945567
-0.1203266
-0.30784
-0.103
R17928_91
0.19073514
-0.0607616
0.0407928
-0.0937851
-0.125649
-0.29881
-0.10179
R18664_91
0.20921755
-0.0645244
0.02666788 -0.12179
-0.1015748
-0.1161877
-0.30682
-0.10243
R27246_91
0.24085001
-0.0545213
0.0276723
-0.1302922
-0.1040738
-0.1334478
-0.30634
-0.09395
R28351_91
0.21552272
-0.0642668
0.0286465
-0.130945
-0.1042516
-0.1230647
-0.30047
-0.09307
R28379_91
0.22036666
-0.0577093
0.0285301
-0.1292518
-0.0954505
-0.1296129
-0.30405
-0.09867
R28913_91
0.22027489
-0.0583885
0.02769219 -0.1199766
-0.1051457
-0.1187683
-0.30103
-0.10422
R30721_91
0.22613917
-0.0600346
0.02380592 -0.1194716
-0.0990738
-0.1148493
-0.31108
-0.09893
R30746_91
0.21539559
-0.0597424
0.03176028 -0.1279582
-0.1015433
-0.1230106
-0.3083
-0.09658
R31305_91
0.23019179
-0.0541329
0.03185509 -0.1267772
-0.0904368
-0.120057
-0.32287
-0.08855
R34526_91
0.23512915
-0.059327
0.02316256 -0.1274947
-0.0984077
-0.1208271
-0.30812
-0.08943
R34706_91
0.21840288
-0.0509811
0.03177256 -0.1278179
-0.093695
-0.1270473
-0.30352
-0.10368
R38491_91
0.21964533
-0.0457986
0.02848407 -0.1130926
-0.0953923
-0.1152598
-0.30496
-0.09274
R39009_91
0.22532219
-0.0544489
0.05198065 -0.1241002
-0.0914188
-0.1225571
-0.30766
-0.0955
-0.1277328
226
R39376_91
0.22859354
-0.0568167
0.02572678 -0.1246418
-0.0974995
-0.1249872
-0.29767
-0.10409
R39566_91
0.22251989
-0.0551317
0.01597488 -0.1173247
-0.1004674
-0.1186552
-0.30867
-0.10001
R39965_91
0.22328563
-0.0520773
0.0286767
-0.1252399
-0.0994882
-0.1177305
-0.3101
-0.09594
R40942_91
0.23157538
-0.0586736
0.02310049 -0.1222713
-0.0971669
-0.1230712
-0.29904
-0.10751
R52965_91
0.22290463
-0.0541984
0.04193235 -0.1235007
-0.1088528
-0.122769
-0.31544
-0.10384
R53460_91
0.21099863
-0.0607053
0.02925311 -0.1202589
-0.1023811
-0.1150579
-0.30827
-0.09936
R53878_91
0.21607024
-0.0579991
0.02737683 -0.1225555
-0.0997464
-0.1190021
-0.31264
-0.10272
227

Shape evolution and sexual dimorphism in the mandible of the dire

Transcription

Similar documents

Die BUCHSTAVIER - Das Dosierte Leben