A Kashaya Vocabulary, 1975

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Title: A Kashaya Vocabulary, 1975
Author (s): Robert L Oswalt
Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library
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..
1
This Ksshaya Vocabulary is intended primarily for use by
the Kashaya people.
In it, the Kashaya words are written in a
form that relates directly to the pronunciation of the words as
spoken in isolation; the words can be pronounced correctly by
giving each letter its single, proper Kashaya sound--not by giving
the letter any of several different sounds it may have.in English.
Thus
~
is always pronounced as in f!ther, never as in
f~t
or fate.
The correct pronunciation of each letter !s illustrated on the following pages by one or more Kashaya words; when there is a similar
sound in English, an English example is given.
Kashaya has many
more distinct consonants than English; consequently, it is necessary to add certain marks to letters o£ the English alphabet to
•··
create new Kashaya letters. Such combinations as ~ and ch and q
are single consonants significantly different in pronunciation
from t and c and q.
The Vocabulary contains most of the nouns, adjectives and
adverbs of Kashaya, but very _few verbs.
Some fairly common
English nouns and adjectives are not included; the usual reason
•
is that the most closely corresponding Kashaya word is a verb.
Kashaya verbs seldom coincide at all closely in meaning with a
single English verb arid are especially difficult todefine in one
line.
Verbs always contain at least one suffix and are usually
a combination of a verb root and several affixes; one Kashaya
verb often corresponds to a phrase or whole sentence in English.
A companion article "Kashaya Verb Prefixes" (Working Paper 13
of the Kashaya Porno Language in Culture Project) illustrates in
2
..
detail one part of this complex and rich resource cf the language.
The unabridged Kashaya Dictionary will define all the verb roots
and give exarroples of their use in combinations with various affixes.
~any
common Kashaya verbs for gcing and for being in a position
are presented in an appendix to this Vocabulary (pages 33 and 34).
KEY TO THE PRONUl,;CIATION OF THE KASHAYA ALPHABET
Letter
Kashaya exa....-nple
English example or phonetic
description
a
ha?a
father
b
ba•ban~
c
caha
horn
father's father
ba£y
church (without the aspiration) o
bitte~.
J.udg_e(without the voicing)
ch
,
chil?
to hang
,
c
cal
d
ha?da
e
he?e
together
glottalized palatal affricate
sun
daddy
hair
stu·ra
h
?aha
1
hi?i
k
ki•kin?
khe
church
they (without the offglide)
stove (only in
loanwords)
mouth, ?ahca
house
feather
older brother
my
fire
house
ski (without the offglide)
scold
cold
kill
black
glottalized velar stop
1
lala
goose
lip
m
ma•man?
n
-nata
.
father's mother
child
mama
niece
,
no (without the offglide)
0
ho"o
teeth
p
Ea§i•
poison
ph
~ala
again
Ean
slug (snail)
glottalized labial stop
p
q
small
like scum but further back in
the mouth
qh
two
like come but further back in
the-mouth
q'
' 1 a•sa
_sa
y
king (only in
loanwords)
r
s
t
glottalized uvular stop
moon
'£_ay
sine•
easy
see
!ahya
fast, quick
she
~imun
living
glottalized alveolar affricate
or spirant
ta•tan?
mother's father
plain dental stop {Spanish tu)
thawil
left {hand)
aspirated dental stop
iunuw
t
•
-
to be tired
glottalized dental stop
salt
stick
th
tho"o
acorn mush
tick
.
..!..
ie"ye
intelligent
glottalized alveplar stop
eye
blue
•
t!
u
w
~eya
y
Ia we, balaz
z
moh!i peppy (rare, only
in loans from So. Poreo)
!e?e"
•
•
=
power, dimaw to hold
basket,
offglide)
down
zou, hoi
blood
man~
~e,
-<>Ut
{~ithAthe
-
she
"1hya • bone; co!-.:pare with
"ihya wind
cuma" li by the squirrel,
ef. cuma" li ~~ere he sat
tsetse, bits
glottal stop, uh-uh
vcwel length
raised tone, pitch accent
distinctive in phrases)
(~ainly
Not a sound but a symbcl marking enclitics, words which
must always follow some other word in a phrase or sente~ce.
abalone
"
du.,lla!
small kind
a fe!l days ago
-
'
long ago
KuSU.,SU
thilel
abalone shell ornament
•
"~u•l
qahchi~l
alder
ku?me_,
alike, matched
qali•
above, in the air
~ihca"~
,
alive, living
acorn
slmun
general term
bi"~du
all, everyone, everything
or black oak
yuh~iy
all right, OK (intenj.)
of live oak
yu"~cH
alone
·or Oregon oak
wlyi
already
or valley oak
ffapha
always
· kumf. ?da "~
anchor
kicaqh
acorns collected by
woodpeckers
,
•··
pay!
acorns soaked whole
"~ul
and
'
angelica
nono"~
ba"~cowa
si•lun
angry . · qaluna?
white kind
qahleslun
animal
acorn ••cough drop"
acorn grounds
,.
ba•so•yaw
bi"~duso•,
soqho-,
acorn mush or soup
acorn musical instrument
across
. .
~oto·to
bilahwal
ant
§!?basi
,
bi?kas
sob! ?ltas
red ant
black ant
'
butaqa bi?kas
stink ant
.. '
'
p h a~utuy?tu
antler, horn
after, on the trail of
after, afterwards
qha.ma·tow
ar.'Yl11ore
.
bet
anyone, someone or other
ph ala
anything, something
agile
~ah~a
anyway, still
hu?ul
apple
elba· thi
baqo thin
kihla?
any old way, haphazardly
=hqow
a while ago
.
ha?a
again
ago
yow
lraye··ma
'
.
acorn bread
{i·
calel
5
basket
arm, wing, branch
armpit
baby _, cradle
nahmomo
cuhse
arrow
hisu•
'
coarse-woven burden
buhqhal
ashes
"1inoqo?
close-woven burden
mo?o?
three-stick coiled
chitu·
at, by, in, with
aunt
=wi, =li
See father's sister
,
qolo•
nortar
and mother's sister
na?su
automobile
siftir.g . :. .
awake
shallow tray
ax
madu
qahca
bat· ( ani.rnal)
baby
,
,
nata qawi, na•na
bad
ball
bac'o•
pi§udu
bag, sack
mi§ukh
phi?~o
? a.'!!ahc hili
,
't! mo
se?pe
bank (undercut)
bar, rod (of reetal)
bare, nude
.,
wa•ra
qahqo
bare, without
bark (of tree)
barrel
of clamshell
kuJ:'l..nu
of n:agnesite
na•muli
seed beads
waleholyo
beans
bank, cliff
la?~a
qahwa•
yiho·l
.
butaqa
bear (animal)
brown bear
mima
human bear
beard
warl·l
barren, sterile
,,
t~na?na
beads
•
back (of body)
,
naqolo
§am?
work tray _
tupu•lu
.
haslme
beautiful
clskan
bed, floor
cahti
bee, bumbleha?das
small species
cehey
holom?lo
6
,
beets
sama lfis
behind
"anaw, ?ana
belly, abdomen
?uhqha
·blosscrr.
ci"do
blouse
lewf·ta
~aqha•la
blue, green
bent, crooked
bluebird
beside
board, plank
mala •, sama •
between
taphla
boat; cattail
?ini•
beware(interjection)
big, large
sterur.bqat
baco•
,
wapo•r
?ihya·
bone; stror.g
baht he
of one
,
.
ka•tu
.
sa•ti
funny bone
•
of several
bird
!ahphenta
bony, skinny
,
sihta
kalikakh
book, paper
bit (of money)
=riya·l
wotl•n
boots
two bits
qho rfya·l
both, both sides
six bits
lanhda rfya·l
bottle
bitter
caha
bow, gun
J I
blackberry
•
'. ,
cam?cata
blacksmith
?ere·ru
l;>lanket
.
brains
?ih!i
bread
mathi•
balay
kaho·n
~
ho?~o
'.
Kolorr.?
qhale ?f.sa·
ho·, ho·w
given at a dance
cuhni•
breast, mother's ·milk
mopo!
blister (frcM pressure)
blood
§ihmi
bravo, exclarr.ation of approval
?atiya·la
blister (from heat)
sill
branch of tree
paya, sihqal
rabbit skin
blind
box
'f~?bahqay
blacl<bird
bland
wote•ya
bottom, rear
black · 1{111
qhowal
qapo~
breath vapor
brick
bridge
.
ha?tho
pe_· chka
puwenta
,
broom
bu.ckeye nuts
cu?bu
brittle, crisp
bah!a
grounds
sko•wa, ?isko•wa
,
qa?tem?
soaked grounds
brother, older
ki•kin?
my or our (informal)
strained and soaked
bulb, potato
my·or our (formal)
•
dihsa
hi?bu
your
miki
Brodiaea laxa
his, her or their
miya•ki
Calochortus sp.
his (etc.) own
maki
Other kinds include bimu·, huhaba
kUy?bu, ~oyo?yo, qosa?bu, withi?.
brother, younger
my or our
.
la?ta
'
bulging (of belly)
.
bull : to·ro
your yr. sibling
mit!iki
his, her or their
:roiya·~iki
his (etc.) own
matiki
,
t
.
,
.
brother-in-law (sister's husbar.d)
bullet
.
phat'e·
burr (spiny)
burro
,
wu·ru
mantekl•ya
my or our
makon?
butter
your
mikon?
butterfly
his, her or their
miya•kon?
· swallowtail
his (etc.) own
makon?
buttocks, rurep
brother-in-law (spouse's brother)
my
button
.
t
hata ·, sili
woto·n
by, at, in, with
=wi, =li
mihan?, miha·
your
his or her
miya·han?, miya•ha· cabbage
his or her own
brush, bushes
mahan?, maha•
hahse
brush (scrubbing
bucket
hi?bu?la
harl•ya
)
cake
hic!o. cuhni.
calr (animal)
I
t
cucuqa?
wese·ru
calr (of leg)
candle
,
~
we·1.a
'
.
8
•.
wa?ali
cane
,.
canvas
.
soft underpart
pa·rus
cap (with visor)
car
kacu·ce
ma•kina
card deck
chub (fish)
lawo·
cigar
ku~ka
cattle
cent
chain
baco·
caphya
senta·w
kare•na
.
mohthfh~a
,.
pu•r!l
halati
.
clear (of weather)
qali
clear, transparent
thali
cliff
.
?amahchili
seacliff
chapparal
cloth, clothes
)
cheek,· jowls
qapa
cheek (inside)
cheekbone
?ohso
)
co~a·,
pha?em?so
sibu·ta,
sitaba·ti?,
~o?lo?lo t
•
•
kunu
slw?si
kayi •na
.
qhaba•
kinds are boho·,
chick (of chicken)
nata
cloud
clover, greens
ke·su
chief (woman)
•
.
caka?na
chief (man)
kat a
old Indian style
?ahasoyo
chest (cf body)
chicken
.
ma~qha
•
clay
chamise
cheese
,
qa~e·
large species
kulweth
celibate
?imu·
ku·ta
.
clam
cattail, boat
child
chipmunk
small species
wara·ha
cartilage
qakho
chiton, Cr.inese slipper
carrot
cat
has!hke
chin
melo•n
canteloupe
cimtne·ya
chimney
and yuhphil
clown (in Indian ceremony)
nohphonohpho.
.
ba'?aphthe
(in circus}
coat
.
yu·kas
#
paya·su
kapu·ta
cocoon, cocoon rattle
pasikoyo?yo
9
., ,
cod (red)
coffee
kare·y
.
.
~atll, !at!?
crooked
kapite·ra
coffee pot
nanu·, bano
crippled
~aqa•qay?
cihthiti
crotch
•
•
cold
qahsil
cross (Christian)
colt
potr! ·yu
cross-eyed
comb
penya
,
concave, hollowed out
condor
?lhsul
constricted,
narro~ed
cook, cher
kusine·ru
cork,· stopper
l<olo•lo
,
ki?di
ma•yis
corral
puhlaphlaw
wa•ka
crab
.
ta·wi
dance, song
qo?o
I
1
I'
A rew cr the other dances are
,
'
~illa·
,
bahthe
daughter
kaye•ta
my or our
cicaro·n
cream bush, Holodiscus
cuhse
cu?la
creek, river, stream
crevice, long crack
Jerusalem
,
custom, way
)
cradle basket, nest
cricket
ha·ro
qo?o, lame•sa qo"o,
hi~i·
cracklings
cup, tin cup
lehu·ye, §ukkin, ca·ne, lu·lumu?j
duwi
crackers
sa?ta
to·to, ho?siya, di ?can", likhoti ?I
kora•l
coyote
crybaby-like
hi"cili
Feather Dance movements are
cottonwood tree
cow
crumbs, small pieces
tapo·n
cormorant, shag
corn
?a·la
crow
,
ca•ne
your
mihphanki
his, her or their
miya •phanki
his (etc.) own
mahphanki
daughter-in-law
" ,,
h
kal<a·t
a?
.
my or our
ma•taya?
your
mi?on?
his, her or their
miya·?on?
his (etc.) own
ma?on"
i
10
day
">amhul
the following day
in the old davs
..
duweni
phuJi
dead person
deaf
zna•ku
debt, owing
drill, brace and bit
dry brush
l
duck
qayal
dust
?ino
bih~e
kilakh
eagle
.,
deer-head disguise
nacolol
ear
depression, hollow
kolo•lo
early, first
design, writing
diaper
,
cuhti
?ikhey
taphla·ku
dice (Indian style)
different, other
d~mple
\
ware·na
si?ba
deer, meat
dew
qhabanhay
driftwood pile
maci
mulay?
hadu•
.
tolo·lo
si:na
earth, land, world, dirt
east
wisali
easy
sine•
edge
pusu·
eel
ocean species
?ama•
dirt, land, world
,
hico•
egg
dishes
eight
doe, female deer
eighteen
dog
eighty
hayu
,
pe· su
simhma na·sibo
qhohay
')
qohsa
elbow
door
hohwa
elderberry
dove
ma•yu
eleven
,
.,
qasi•si
bida·
elk
dreamer, prophet
yomta
elsewhere
taqhma
empty
)
na•nca
down, downstream
dress (cf a woman)
,
saqa•
river species
dirty, nasty
dollar, money
wa•yi
?azna·
11
me'>phi, mehphi
end (of a story)
enemy
my or our (formal) 9a•pen'>
cuhma
kuca·ha
""
even, matched
evening
every
duwe'>li
ml'>da
evilly, hatefully
nisin
-§a·
eye.
-
=~an
'
your
me'>e
his, her or their
miva•me
..
his (etc.) own
ma'>e
father-in-law
excrement
expert
father
hti?uy
my or our
lileya'>
your
miba•
his, her or their miya•ba•
eyeball
hu'>u· qha'>be
corner of eye
l
hu'>u· suyati
eyebrow, eyelash
hu'>u· sime
eyelid
hu'>u· si'>da
pupil
hu'>u· sihta
•
.,
')
.,
'
his (etc.) own
maba·
father's father
my or our (informal} ba·ban?
,
my or our (formal)
ba•sen'>
your
mibas
,
socket
hu.,u· kolom?
his, her or their
"
,
miya·bas
tears
'>u·qha
his (etc.) own
mabas
before one's eyes hu'>u• tol
,
father's mother
my or our (informal) ma•man'>
face
')
'I
my or our (formal)
ma•sen'>
family, tribe, race, nation nohpho
your
mima~
far, distant
his, her or their
failing, dying, thin
qha?ci
bahcil
his {etc.) own
fart
fast, swift
fat
father's older brother
sahya
'>ihphuy
All forms are the same as for
father
my or our (informal)
,
mamas
father's father.
pe·pen'>
12
.fern
.father's sister
m~
,
my or our (formal)
mu•sen?
your
mimus
his, her or their
miya·mus
his (etc.) own
mamus
.,
bi?koy
.few, little
,
~
qahpha
Woodwardia
mu•mun?
or our (informal)
qahqo
field, opening
J
J
simh."Tla
i'ii'teen
i'ii'ty
.
!otomhrna
1! •rna
i'ile (tool)
.father's younger brother
elkin?
.fin (of .fish)
sihta
your
mice•ki
fir (Douglas)
qhawam?
his, her or their
miya·ciki
fire, light, hot
his (etc.) own
mace•ki
i'iretender·
my or
i'ault
our
ku·lpa
?oho
rr.ame • ta
. i'irst, leading wa · yi
nuhws.?
.fawn, young deer
.!'east, picnic
•
ma?ahcoma
i'eather
!'ish
?ahsa
sinaboto?to
cabezon
haskhun
hardmouth
body .feather
?ihthe
perch (ocean)
large .feather
hi?!
rockfish
•
kahka?
•
. .
qha?besftam?ta
largest quills
salmon
topknot
salmon (hookbill)
i'eather headdress
mas ala
i'eather head ornament
feather skirt
?eseddu
.feather sorcerer
.fe~ale
fence
lCoce·ma
?!ma·ta
?ukulu·ta
wale·pu
maqha
ba?~a?
surf"fish
trout
le·wen
trout (sea)
.
rr.ata?sa
i'ishbone
hi?ci
i'ishhook
?eqhse
douple pronged
cicaqh
13
fish net
waya?
fish trap
forty
four
haqo•
fisher (animal)
silil
tuh!o
fox
flag
wante•ra
friend
•
?uhqhahnama?
mihca
fourteen
five
flank (of body)
kuhay
s inll"...rna§on
.,
haqaw
my or our
,
flat
sihla
your
mil{an?
flea
?lmela
his, her or their
, '
miya·kan?
his (etc.) own
makan?
'
~i?i
flesh
•
ko?ciya
flicker (bird)
flint
?ama qahca
flour
wihtha
foa~; beer
food
,
samo•
.Pho?~~
fur, coarse body hair
fuzz, fin"e body hair
sima
?ime
ma?a
to·nto
gall
qha..'T.a
forehead
game
!iyo
fork, bifurcation·
tablefork
kalo·n
?ahqa
grass game
lile
forest (shady)
' ,
sika•na
gallon
for the sake of
former
hot ow
front, in front of
•
=bakhe
=ltow, =to...,
from, away from
takaya
foolish
foot
•
from, of, part of, some
dahpho? ·
folks
wata?
frog; tonsils
fly (insect)
fog
my female friend
ci?dom?
'flower
my male friend
qacuhse
scoring sticks
.
thiwi
teneto·r
yowal, yo•yow
gill cover
hoy a
kikhi
give me (interjection)
gizzard
winandirna?
te?, de?
14
broken pieces
put1lka
for drinking
wa•su
- ., .
~
gnat
hu?uytbo~bo,
goat
cl•wo
gold
?u·was
grapes
glass
grass
-
,
qa?di
§ahqo
grasshopper
.,
?uybotbo
.
?atha·
gravel
cu?du
gray (of hair)
?o·ro
grease, fat
?ihphuy
green, blue
,
h a·.La
saq
,
sano?
gonorrhea; thistle
green, i:rr...-nature
good
qo?di
green, very i~~ature
goose
lala
ground, land, earth
gooseberry
gopher
?ilum?
grouse
?a lame
·'
qahwe•
gum, pitch
gums (in mouth)
granddaughter
gun, bow
.
§ihmi
.
qhademen?
guts
your
miqhademen?
hair (of the head)
his, her or their
miya•qhademen?
hand
his (etc.) own
maqhademen?
handkerchief
father and mother's father
grandmother
See under mother's
mother and father's mother
grandson
.',
ho?otava
..
my or our
See under father's
?ama•
- dobodbo
·grain · :r.mhca
grandfather
~akhel
phaqotay?
he?e
coh§o
haphazardly
pa·nu
calel
?ahsiy
hard, firm, difficult
harpoon, fish spear
napha·
hawk
.,
Cooper's
tholol
my or our
qhaden?
red-tailed
ciya•
your
rniqhade
sharp-shinned
qha?beqha?
sparrow
lilhi
fish
pahcan
his, her or their
his (etc.) own
miya·qhade
rnaqhade
15
..
rni~di§
hazelnut, any nut
haqa~a
hornet
he
kawa·yu
horse
him
mu•kito, mul, mu•bal
for him, his
'>oho
hot, fire, light
.mu•k!n?khe
?ahca
house
to or at a house
where he is
?aca•
he'>en
how
J·
betbu
how many, how much
head
'
sina·
ho?to,
, .
su?nu?nu
huckleberry
heart
tule
humming bird
body organ
ffuhkul
humped
seat of emotions
cahno
hunchbacked
,
..
qali ?ama·
heaven
heavy
mihsa?
hello
carra •y
buhku
hundred
,
here
be•li
not visible
be•
place like here
beti
100
ku se·ntu
200
qho se·ntu
heron (great blue
.
)
hi?baya, tha?kin?
•
See under spouse.
I
here, take this (interj.)
t'e?ne
=se·ntu
husband
visible
?a•, ?a
me
yo
qhawa?la
to·, to
for me, mine
ice, snow
?ihyu•
hip
?ohcomhya
imitation, pretended
hoe
salo·n
in, at, with
hole
honey
?imo
hoop, wheel
horn, antler
pili•li
ha?a
Indian way
individualistic
inopportunely
=yihe
=wi, =li
Indian, person
miye·l, co?o miye·l
•
?aca?
?aca? ta·wi
paya·ma
mayi?
16
'
intelligent
knee
~e?ye
phaqo~ay?
intestines
siwita
'
iris
cawikh
iron, metal, nail
isopod
moqho•
knife
qahca
hunting
punya•l
pocket
nawa•ha
knot (in wood)
it, that
subject
mu·, mu
lake, pond; slick
object
mul
lame
nanu·
?runa·
land, earth, ground
jacket
jaw
cale·ka
larva
qa?basahya
?icho•
late
jay
·'
phalaw
leaf
scrub
sayi
'
green
Steller's
sawala.
dead
,
je.rkey, dried meat
nuhkukh
qapa
'
jowls
just, only
.
J
si?tal
leather
kuwe•ru
thawil
left (side)
soh
leg
§ahku
level (of ground)
'
,
K:ah§a·ya
Kashaya
kelp ball float
key
light, bright, hot, fire
chana.--na
kelp
&ohto
,
lu?lu
·killdeer (bird)
king
kitchen
,
re·y
kusl·na
?oho
light (weight)
ya·we
kidney
kiya•ci
light-colored, pastel
qhada?
like, similar, rather
=min
limber
duwe?tili
le?we
limp, soft
limpet
lion
lawo·
1'7
lupine
has!?da
lips
.
catha
litter, stretcher
qawi
little, small
a little :more
liver {cf body)
s'imun
lizard
muthu·nu
western skink
log
madrone
cahla • ·
magnesite
na•rr.uli
hi~addedu
main, chief
konhorr.thu·nu
mountain
,
kaba?
=kiwi"
beads
living
locked
lying, .. untruthi'ul
§ibila"la
hi?baya, ?aca?
man
kilu·ca
. .
behet!a·ia
roan:root (plant)
bathe•
:many, much
hollow
->ama duhkal
.lone soRe
qawiya
young man
musu•
bahqay
berry
bf one thing
'>ahqol
of several things
?aqolay
qa?boy
loose, free-flowing
loop {in a rope)
•
manzanita
long, tall
loose, not tight
hi?baya
male, man, husband
khuyu
mawim?
species
maple (big-leaf species)
" \.Ja
ye.
mare
liphuyhya
"
po•spara
head
?ahci
matches
body
bite~
material (for clothes)
luck-y
sa?qa
lump, clod
mattress
qhana?
lump (on body)
lungs
mohqho
qalam?
kato·te.
marbles
rr.arrow
louse
naya
ma·nta
ka·ma
maybe
me
See under I.
mean, 111-terr.pered
hi "bay
18
meat, deer
mortar rock
bih§e
medicine
mosquito
wenu
•
melo•n
melon, canteloupe
sali
meshed
cawikh
mile
~owia
ku: ml·ya ·
two miles
qho mf·ya
mine
molokko
. .
machfti?tl
?ispe•ho
bi?dakom?
qophina
mihthe
monkey
maka•ka
month
q'ala. sal
mother-in-law
my or our
t!ileya~
your
mi§a·
roa~a·
mother's brother
my or cur (formal)
mole (on the skin)
money, dollar
.
mahthe
my or our (informal} tu•tun?
mole (animal)
A
his (etc. ) ow'll
his (etc.} own
mist over a river
mistletoe
te·then9
his, her or their
See under I
mirror
(infor~al)
his, her or their
=mi •ya
millipede
my or our
your
one mile
milk
qoci
my or our (formal)
dile
mildewed
ko·tay~
mother
metal, iron, nail
middle
moss
qhana
qalaphu
..
pe•su
,
your
micus
his, her or their
miya·cus
his (etc.} own
mac us
..
)
,
mother 1 s· father
me on
qala•aa
my or our (informal) ta·tan?
more
?anaw, ?ana·, ?ana
my or our {formal)
ca·sen?
.
,
,
more than or.e
ku ?anaw
ycur
micas
more and more
?an
his, her or their
miya·ca~
his (etc.) own
mac as'
morning
?ama duwe
19
mother's mother
my or our (informal) ka•kan?
I
qa•sen?
my or our (formal)
mud
mat!qha
mule
mulla
•
mush, gruel
.
•
miqas'
acorn
tho?o
his, her or their
miya·qa~
wheat
ka·sa
his (etc.) own
maqad
.your
mother's older sister
mushroom
oyster
hic'e •
sici
puffball
?ama qala•sa
hic!e·
'-
hedgehog
calal
my or our (informal)
~u·sun?
my or our (formal)
su·s'en?
your
misus
:mussel
his, her or their
miya·sus
mustard (plant)
.
his (etc.) own
masu~
my
khe
kulucfcca
See under I.
nail, iron, metal
mother's younger sister
cawikh
my or our
sikin?
nail (of finger or tee)
your
mise·ki
nauseating
navel
his, her or their
his(etc.) own
mase·ki
mountain, hill
uphill
· dono•
mountain lion
yahrno?
si?bal
near, close
neck
dono
'~ohqomo
mihya
needle
ya•su
nephew
sutkin?
cutkin?,
'
.
.
nest, cradle
mouse
cuhse
su·le
western harvest
qahca?ta
net, web
white-footed
hophune
net for deer or rabbits
mouth
net for fish
?aha
net (gill
much, many
mucus (nasal)
?ilasu
nettle
)
?ohorn?
waya?
he&
20
new, young
pasi~uwa?la
newt,. water dog
old {qf inan1mates)
niece
on
du~e
overnight
nine
nineteen
carr.hmason
north
on that
mil
on this
bil
t~e
once
cuhula
nose
?ila
not
=thin
now
t!o
one
top
wina~
ku•yi.
hku, ku
onion
qha?ba?
ma?yul
only, entirely
·'
only, just, merely
oozing
right now
oozing from meat
nut
rna?u
open, unobstructed
mi ?dis
or,. and
oak
live oak
orange
,
sa?carn?
ordinary, not supernatural
cahta?
See also ur.der acorn.
osprey
pahcan
ocean
octopus
polo· sa
other, else, different
cha•ya
otter
qhamo~
our
yow
outside
?ay
See under we.
?uhwa•
sila
hadu
wehke
ouch (interjection)
pihsil
OK, all right (interjection)
kuhla
nara•ha
oriol"e
occiput
so?ol
=he·
tan.oak
oak ball
soh
sa?ba
nowadays
now, this tirne
•
=tol
on
da·
no
thu?ul
iile
old, worn-out
night
duyam?
old (of living things)
~iwey
21
si ?ba
owing, indebted, debt
owl ·
..
..
muhtutu
great horned
screech
oxen
pepperwood, California bay
tree
behem?
nut
be he
nut flesh
hat!
#
we•ye
peppy, energetic
mohzi
perhaps
paddle, oar
.phali•li
person
balha
paddle, mush-stirrer
.
duhthal
pain, disease
,
hu?kulu
phlegm
coh~oboqholo
palm of hand
pestle " duhkul
pan
pick (tool)
p!·ku
sarte•n, satte•n
frying
panther, mcuntain· lion
yahmo">
kalikakh
paper, book
parent-in-law cf one's own child
pie
paste·l
pig
koci•na
,
,
.
.
ta">bata
pigeon
pine
Bishop
my or our
cuye qhale
your
mican?
sugar
his, her or their
rniya·can"
sugar pinecone
his (etc. ) own
mac an?
path, trail, rond
patterned
pears
pe~ican
penis
~ulli • na
pickled, preserved
#
hi?da
ko"yi
#
pe·ras
qhayhchi ·
?ihsa
yuhu
pinole
pipe
pl.;pa
lu•caqhbe
Indian type
pipe~
cuye•
tubing
lo•lo
pistol, handgun
pitiful
people
nohpho, =yachma
pitch, gum
pepper
pimiyenta
pitcher
pisto•la
~i·bathyaw
qahwe•
piche·l
22
plain, evident
private parts
qahqo
plant (of any kind); tree
qhale
prophet, dreamer
yomta
please (interjection)
prune, peppernut flesh
Pleiades
puberty restrictions
plover (semipalmated)
qhapili"~li
plow
pulley
plural
=ay, =yya.
purse, sewing bag
pocket
wo·lsa
pyre (funeral); week
mahtaqan
cap a
§aqa•qa
valley
poison oak
mountain
khusu"~
poisonous (of shellfish)
poker (for fire)
pole
•
quail
pa§i•
poison
'~amat1
t&.·11
purposely, on purpose
point, tip
hae
chick
mulu">
quilt
hele">
center
rabbit
poor
brush _, cottontail
popliteal, back of knee
jack-
possessions (personal)
potato
See also under bulb.
l:f.•wra
powder (for gun)
powdery mold, must
pregnant
'~ama•.la
raccoon
racc;uet, hockey stick
hi"~bu
pound (weight)
-
matile?ya
'
p&lwara
sahwil
wini
numi
rain
~op!si9
"~ihche
-
ranch
ra·ncu
rancid
qha?c!a
rank (smell or taste)
raspberry
pretty, beauti.ful
ci~kan
rattlesnake
prisoner, convict
pele·su
raven
.
ba • §khot
muhthi
qha"~ay
siko•
23
ready, let's go (1nterj.)
yohwey
redbud
rose (flower)
,
•
~
bica?
spherical
misa?
roundhouse, dance house
listo·n
rudder
ric,h
ruffled
right (side)
.
katati
road, path, trail
robin
?an!•yu
bi?da
creek
stre~,
hi?da
si•totto
• ••
rock, stone
qha?be
sack of deerskin
saddle
sl.·ya
salal
:ko.§c?.§o
salamander
salmon
general term
maqha
hookbill
salrr.onberry
rooster
salt
root
paken
.§iyomahcom?
roe, edible fish eggs
ka·yu
cl?ba
sack, bag
?anawi, kuyala
ring (for finger)
cuhcha
rush . (nlant)
.hodotow
right, righteous, just
right away
tlmo·n
.
?asu·
riffle (in a stream)
ma?ca
su•lku, su·rku
row, in a row
·rice
river,
pili•li
circular, wheel, hoop
rhododendron
ribbon
~hada?
round
repeatedly
rib
cohso
rough, not smooth
qas11
s'iwi.§
reed
badu?den?
rough, bumpy
hayht'a
redwood
ciko·te
p{nka
bale rope
sil1
~is
red
sulema?
general tern:
of large diameter
?1hmi
real, really, true
rear, bottom
rope, cord, string
nawahe·ra
razor (straight)
.
,
ta?qo
salted, pickled
.§ulu•na
24
sand
mit a'>
self : himself, herself, itself
•
•
seru•cu
saw (tool)
subject
ti, ti·
scab
object
tito
scales (of fish)
benefact
.
scar, cicatrix
til a§
scarf, kerchief
of silk
korowa·te
n:aska•la
scissors
6akali
qhaboko'>ko
no•§fcca
pisi'>
scoop, wooden spoon
sea
sihmu'>
subject
tiya'>
object
tiya·col
benefact
tiya•co->khe
semen · mahna
seventeen
qhabu~aqa
sea urchin
qha·ta
shawl·
•
she
any edible kind
sea palm
•
may->ma
.
?othonc
qaye
ta•palo
man?
ma·dal
where she is
qhacihpha
?achirn'>
sheep
yama•ni
sheet (for bed)
semf.•ya
grass seed spike
kate, wina•
for her, hers
chanama
waste on beach
her
simh..'lla na. qho
.
shallow
seaweed
seed
tte~selves
seven
qhabihse, sohoy
sea lion
sedge
yu'>dul
serves you right (interj.)
~ihsa
seagull
kelp
by oneself
separate, apart
sea anemone
seal
nih in
selves :
scattered, dispersed
scaup (bird)
to oneself
,
na'>qa
shelf
tape·sa
shell
hi'>qa~a
sa•wana
tuyyu
25
shell, purple olive _
sheriff, police
shin (of leg)
puh!iy
kalte
liphu•
~
shoes
sapa•tu
shooting star (flower)
bi~i~i
short
sister-in-law (brother's wife)
my or our
mata·n:en~
your
mimata
his, her or their
miya·mata
his (etc.) own
rnamata
short, not long enough
biko§
shoulder
.bahkal
rniha•, rniha•rnen?
or miya•ha·men?
K:anas
'
his (etc.) own
=tow
six
sinew, gristle, tendon
singer
miya ·ha.,
his, her
shovel
side
sister)
my
your
shoulder blade
sickly
(spous~s
sister-in-law
~ima
~ ihmln? cay~-.
single, unmarried
~awada
lanh&a
'
s i:rnhma na~ • nca
sixteen
s~ty
skin
simakhcidu
si?da
'
.
skinny
sister, older
maha•, maha•men?
butu~
my or our
dikin~
skirt
your
mide•ki
skunk
his, her or their
miya•diki
striped
nuphe·
his (etc.) own
made•ki
spot~ed
ba~fsi
sky
sister, younger
qaliqha?be
my or our
~omen?
your yr. sibling
mit!iki
sleep
his, her or their
miya•t!iki
.
slime
his (etc.) own
ma~iki
slingshot
.
.
slanted, tipped
sima
mehsen
26
slow
son
ba?ia
pa?la•
slug {snail)
qawi
small, little
banta
smelt (fish}
smoke
hosa
salu?
'
smooth, slick
iuqha•
snail, turban
rnusa•la
snake
phakin•
your
mipha•ki
his, her or their
miya•phak1
his (etc.} own
mapha•ki
son-in-law
hopompo
smokehole
my or our
my or our
hi?bayaya'~
your
mihceye
his, her or their
miya·ceye
his (etc.) own
mahceye
gopher
suti
'
garter
qhabo?
king _
hodidu
man's song type
wete
rattle-
muhthi
woman's song type
tuwe
•
,
,
song, dance
,
cuma?suqa•qay?
water
?ihyu•
sour
snowberry
bahqom?
south
socks
soft
ha?am?
sune
spice bush
wolf
bot!
some, part of
?aso·, ?asol
spider
cu•ki
sorr.e, a few
mos'
speech, language, words
hawo·n
soaproot
cihsi
sore-muscled, stiff
snow, ice
soap
casahwil
sore, infected spot
ha?bo
snout
.
sot>n ·,··hi ?law?
soot .
sneak (person)
.
kukan
=bakhe
spine
.
cohtho?
ba~ohya·
spit, saliva
some of that
spleen
some of this
spooky
car..no
27
lo• ~ka
spoon
stopper, cork
pho?~o
spotted
spouse
See also husband, wife
store, shop
te•nta
storekeeper
tente•ru
your
mi'~daqhan?
stove
his or her
miya•daqhan'~
straight
his or her own
roa?daqhan?
strawberry
spur
strea~,
squash, pumpkin
kaliwa·sa
.
squirrel
yala
'
q h,am?sudu
cuma?
stakes (in garebling)
suddenly
karnhse
sugar
star
,
mo?qo!
thoyo
•
phi?lan
tuy?tu
cuye•
sugar pinecone
.
.
qhach~li•na·thay?tha
starfish
~
nowl·yu
sule:rta?
?ihya•
strong; bene
sucker (fish)
~~~~olo
ground
bi?da
creek, river
stump (of tree)
western grey
steer
stu•fa
string, rope; cord
ca?tha
squat, short and stocky
tapo•n
sun, clock
ha?da
sunflower
biye•ye
stem (of plant)
sama
supernatural power, spirit
sterile, barren
ha?das
sHallcH (bird)
stick, wood
'~ahay
sweet
prying _
qhawa?ni
symphysis
walking
wa?ali
tulse
. .
J
'
o. h it;em?te
syrup
table
still, yet
coqo•
'
stone, rock
stooped
q~lala
kihla?
still, anyway
stomach
weya
qha?be
buhlu
taboo, dangerous
ko•ko
birth restrictions
qawl?lay?
girl's
?~~ati
pu~erty
taboo
28
tadpole
tail
kotolo
they
hiba•
ma•ca'~
them
ma•cal
their, for them
tall, long
of one
'1ahqol
thick (of liquid)
of several
9aqolay
thimble berry
tame
tea
,
ma•nsu
ca• ·yo.
teakettle
.clynikh
bush
qotho•lo
thing
~a§ot'o
•
?ama
. •,
'~ama
na•sibo.
thirty
kl•rpahca
lanhc8.rnhrna
thirty-five
~iye
tepid, lukewarm
test·icle
.
mahcha, bahle?,bahya thirteen
temporarily
tent
hem?qolo
th!n, watery.
tears
ten
berry
this, these
yoqo•
. £ubject
thank you (interjection)
yahwiy
that, those
ma?u
object
ne?en, ?en
like this, thus
ha?u
thistle·; gonorrr.ea
visible, object
ha?al
thorn
not visible, subj.
mu•, rnu
thoughtless, careless
not visible, obj.
mul
thrasrer {bird)
like that, thus
men
thread
visible,
then
subj~ct
?ul
three
there
visible place
mi•li
rJot visible
yonder
nayakhulu·lu
?:i•lo
sibo
throat
rnawa?la
thrcugh
du'Wal
thrush, mountain robin
we?ey
place like there
thunder
.
meti
ha§a•yol
,
ma?kala
?usuwa
29
thus, so
tonight
like that, that way
roen
decayed _
ta?la•
'
tick (insect)
top, crest
•
top (toy)
blood-filled
time, occasion, season
roe?
tolti·ya
=tolhqha?
bi?du me?
towards
then, at that time
mi•me?
towel
next time
tL~e,
bet'
time, number of instances
ku~yi
two times, twice
qho•yi
.
how many times
time, hour
tiny
belbuyi
today
•
.
bat a
ka•wa
bimaci
toes
tomato
cal, kutol
toma·te
tomorrow
tongue
bi?amhul
ha•ba
of wagon
pewlo
toyon
budu
low!?na
hi?da
,
qhale
silom?
trillium
trough (watering_)
true, real, really
,
timc•n
tube
kano·wa
le·wen
trout
tub (wash_)
,
together
town
tree, plant
ma~anhqhot1
tobacco
rufous-sided
trap_ ., tara.mpa
qapu?sun
toadstool
?ihsilhla
trail, path, road
tip, point
toad
brown
,·
,
,
towa•ya
towhee (bird)
-·yi, -yi
one time, once
wiyl
tortilla
fall, acorn season
this
ho?o
tooth
ne?en, ?en
like this
biduwe
?ihml
tl·na
~oso
tuberculosis, bad cough
tufted
turepline
tur.1or
sihphu
chi•lan
luye•, baya?
tose
30
turkey
waholo•te
vinegar
turnip
?all•thka
visible, in plain sight
turtle
qhawina
twelve
na•qho
voice
twenty
carnhma
vulture (turkey _)
phi~ati,
.
twilight
two
?uya
qho•
ugly
piskudu
?·ohqo
umbilical cord
unable to do
uncle
na?bay?du
pha?§a
up along a surface
wi~a·,
,
urine
lliwili
warm
hoth
wart
lillsunhtho
wasp
mu?~iklti
•
•
•
?ahqha
santl•ya
we
wi~al
yal
where we are
weak
lieasel
lo·ho,
various
vest
ya?na
~awa?
qhal?da
See we.
wedge
kunya
week; pyre
vagina
. ya?khe
wedding gift exchange
yal
kuhtu
ha?df?di
~ili•ti
ta•wi
ya
our, for us
qali·, qalil
samo?
waist
us
up, into the air
us
cuhchi
way, custom, manner
?!yow, yow
unripe
kare•ta
watermelon
brother and mother's brother.
unlucky
wagon
water
See under father's
under
mihya qhama
tuh~omhma
•
twenty-five
twins
.
bathem?da
weir, litter
cap a
.
catha
werebear, human bear
west
mihila
dimo
31
..
wet
qhonom?
whole, entire
.
wife (my) ?ima·ta, tha?men?
whale
what
baqo
'
See under spouse.
ifuat do you want?(interj.) ha•y
wigglers, mcsquito larvae . hay?ko
wheat
wildcat
§inlcea
wheel, hoop, circle
whelk
when
pili•li
dolom?
wilderness, woods (in or to)
. .
willow
qhalruthu•thu
bute·
,
.
cuta•
.
red
white
where
whereabouts, visible
wind
place not visible
he?ey
like what place
he?beti
?ihya
window
.
wenta·na
windpipe
w!·nu
which, which one
wine
while
wi.ng, arm
a while ago
hu?ul
for a long while
winter
cila
whip (rawhide)
tulu§
whirlwind
whiteman
phala?cay?
ciba•
cibal
for whom, whose
who {plural)
whom
with {a tool); at, in
=wi, =11
w!th, in possession of
=qo
libu•
~-
eohto
without, not possessing
without, apart from
qahle
who (singular)
whom
,
qhosa·
witr, accompanying
whi3tle (instrument)
white
kulu•
citay
cita•yacol
for whom, whose
woman, female, wife
? ima • ta
young woman
na§oya
childless woman
qa·sen?
9ahay
wood, stick, pole
firewood
clnhay
woodpecker (acorn
reihyo?
)
~ata?
•
..
word, speech
you (plural)
oahno
world, land, ground
worm (earth-)
'1ama •
bila
wormwood
subject
maya
object (of or to)
mayal
for you, your
wound, scar
wrentit
•
mi?d!stiti
sutu
young, new, fresh
•
writing, design
cuhtl
wyethia, mule ears
young, innocent
young man
young woman
year
mal
yellow
qhala?
yellowjacket
qawl
young, little
• •
wrinkled
,
maya?na
where you are
qat1
cof1o
yes
yesterday
duwe9
yet, still
9o9
you (singular)
vocative, Hey you!
nihna
subject
rna
object (of or to)
mito
for you, your
mi?khe
where you are
mito?na
qawiya
na§oya
§iwey-
~3
to go, to wall<'
. I1
II
f
I
Several
together
Several
separately
da·b!chqaw
phila?
hayom{•bi•
wa·du
da~qaw
phila"
.hayohma"
wan?wadu
' ,
dacwacqaw
philathmu•
hayom?
wa•du?
da·~fchqaw
phlla•&i"
hayohmac!i•
go down
walaw
dalahqaw
phllalaw
hayohmalaw
go down off of
wala·me"
dala·rnebqaw
phllala·rne"
hayohrnala·me"
come up
wolo•
dalohqaw
philolo"
hayohmalo"
come up out ot
wolo•qo•
dalo·qo~qaw
philolo·qo•
hayohmalo·qo•
go up
waqa•
da•qachqaw
philaqa?
hayohmaqa?
come out
wo•
dahqaw
philo•
hayohma"
go out
woqo•
da·qoc!qaw
philoqo'~
hayohmaqo•
go away or out
wa•
dahqaw
phila?
hayohma'~
come in
ma•
damahqaw
phima'~
hayohwlma•
go in
go back a few
steps
go across
go around to the
other side
go around all
the way
terminate going,
arrive
ma•
damachqaw
phima•
hayohwima•
ma•qo•
dama•qocqaw
phimaqo•
hayohwima•qo•
maw, mam•
d8.mqaw
phimaw
hayohwim'~
mul•
damulqaw
phimul'~
hayohwimul•
mull•
damu•li~qaw
phimuli?
hayohwlmu•li•
ma•du•
dami.·~iohqaw
phimaci•
hayohw1ma•di'~
English
C\ne
etart to go, leave
go along (in one
direction)
go here and there,
wander
go far away
cohto?
'.>.
Twn.or tl'1ree
.:·
.
~
,
.
Vorb:. of To::; t t.1 en
one nn the
grnund
cahciw
English
eit down
nne f'ff
cuma"'
~uqha.,
a r,r0up oft
tre ground
!uqhachmav
hlhkom•
t~e ~rf"ttnd
a rr0up 0n
t~e r.r0und
be sitting
caw
cumaw
hlhko"'
lie down
m1ti'~
.
mlma'>
bat!'>
.
bama"'
be lying
mitlw
.
mimaw
batiw
.
bamaw
etand up
iet1•b1'>
'
tetl•bi"'
qohqho•
qohqho'>
be standing
iethl"law
iethmaw
qohqhom'>
qohqhom'>
be standing nn
one leg (of
post, etc.)
cohtow
cohtom"
qo•law
qo•lam•
cow
com"
to lie in a container
(of several objects or
a shapeless mass)
Verbs of Acting on Different Kinds of Objects
one nonlong
one long
object (rock) object (stick)
a bunch of aorbunch
mass in
any shape a container
pick up·
dihciw
be•
b1'>d1•
co• do"
hold
dimaw
bemaw
bi"dim"
co•dom•
carry along
didu
be•du
blde·du
codo•du
give, hand over
dihqaw
how
b19da'>
how
put, set, throw
banew
new
mlhcaw
cow
throw away
dabanew
danew
dand.hcaw
ea•
carry away
d1•
ba•
bida•
codo•
•