Misc topic, Medicine and Drugs

Medicine & Drugs
Fred Omega Garces
Perception, Reality and Chemicals
Perception, Reality and Chemicals
The world as we see it isn’t necessarily the world as it exist.
Chemicals can affect the mind and our perception of reality.
Perception, Reality and Chemicals
The world as we see it isn’t necessarily the world as it exist.
Chemicals can affect the mind and our perception of reality.
Drugs-Medicine: By Type
PainkillersMorphine
Codeine
Heroine
Nitrous oxide
Fetanyl
Methadone
Meperidine
Propoxypene
Darvon
Pentazocine
CNS Stimulant(Uppers)
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Caffeine
Strychnine
Chocolate
Anabolic
steroids
CNS Depressant- Tranquilizers(Psychoses)
(Downers)
Valium
Barbituates
Versed
Nembutal
Halcion
Mebaral
Lithium
Butisol
Alurate Elixir
Alurate Elixir
Luminal
Luminal
Hallucinogens
(Street
Drugs)
LSD
PCP
Methaqualone
Ecstasy
(DMSO)
Why you get headaches
Prostaglandin hormone produced
in your tissues and
body fluids.
Responsible for:
Sensation of pain
Fever
Inflammation
Swelling
O
O
CH2
C
CH3
CH
HO
OH
OH
... take two aspirin ...

Acetylsalicylic acid
(aspirin)
– Analgesic
– antipyretic
– anti-inflammatory
O
OH
C
O
C
O
CH3
Aspirin substitutes
Acetaminophen
Tylenol™
...hospitals
recommend most.
O
C
NH
OH
CH3
...Aspirin substitutes
Ibuprofen
Advil
Mortrin
O
H 3C
OH
C
CH
CH2
CH
H 3C
CH3
Alkaloids and narcotics
CH3
N
H3C O
CH3
N
CH3
HO
OH
O
CH3
N
N
H3C C
OH
O
O
O
CH3
C
H 3C
H
N
O
CH3
N
N
O
O
N
CH3
OH
H 3C
H 3C
N
O
O C
O
O
O
O
C
H
O
CH3
N
CH3
CH3
Alkaloids from opiates
Opiates (Narcotics - Stupefying)
CH3
Opium is the dried sap of poppy
N
Morphine - Pain suppressor
HO
OH
O
CH3
N
Codeine - Cough suppressant
H3C O
O
CH3 OH
N
Heroine - Highly addictive
H3C C
O
O
O
O C CH3
O
Alkaloids that are narcotics(?)
CH3
Tropane family -
CH3
Belladonna - beautiful lady
N
N
Cocaine
O
O
C
H
O
CH3
C
O
(Freud’s favorite) from coca leaves
Marijuana
CH3
OH
H 3C
H 3C
O
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) active ingredient in dope
Illicit versus licit drugs
O
H 3C
N
N
O
O
CH3
N
N
H
N
N
N
O
CH3
CH3
Caffeine - a legal drug
H
H
H
C
C
OH
H
H
Booze
ethanol
CH3
N
Theobromine
Chocolate
N
N
CH3
Nicotine - an insecticide
Designer drugs
MPTP
Merperidine - (Demerol)
most widely used synthetic
narcotic drug
O
1-methyl-4-
CH3
N
C
phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrhydro
pyridine.
O
N
CH3
HO
O
C
O
N
CH3
Levorphanol
Synthetic drug
resembling morphine.
MPPP
1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-
propionoxylpiperidine
N
CH3
Other synthetic drugs
Phencyclidine (PCP)
hallucinogens
CH3
N
N
HO
C H 3O
Oxycodone (Percodan)
Potent pain relief
O
OH
Hallucinogens
H 3C
H 3C
H 3C
O
O
O
Mescaline mescal
buttons of peyote
cactus
N H2
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
“Lucy in the sky with diamonds”
O
C
HN
N
CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
N
Opiate antagonist
H
C
Naloxone - fit snugly
and precisely on the
opiate receptor sites
and interfere with the
signal flowing through
the nervous system.
CH2
N
HO
HO
O
O
CH2
The Lock and Key Model of
Signal-Receptor Interaction
Hormones and neurotransmitters (the "key") affect target
cells by binding to specific receptor molecules (the "lock"),
which are often located in the cell membrane. This binding
"unlocks" the cell's response, so that the hormone or
neurotransmitter can exert its effects.
Many drugs work by mimicking a naturally occurring hormone
or neurotransmitter in the body. If the drug causes the
receptor to respond in the same way as the naturally occurring
substance, then the drug is referred to as an agonist.
Examples of agonists are nicotine and morphine. These are
drugs that can "pick the lock."
Other drugs work in the opposite way--as antagonists. These
drugs bind to the receptor, but do not produce a response.
Because the drug prevents the receptor from binding to the
normal hormone or neurotransmitter, it has an inhibitory
effect on the naturally occurring substance. Examples of
antagonists are caffeine and atropine (or belladonna). These
are drugs that "jam the lock."
Acid/Base and Alkaloids