Dynamic Planet cheat sheet

Volcanoes Pacific Ring of fire 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes 90% of the world's earthquakes and 80% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire •
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Northern America •
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Novarupta – Alaska – caldera, lava dome Mount Rainier – N Washington -­‐ stratovolcano Crater Lake – S Oregon– caldera Mount St. Helens – N Washington-­‐ stratovolcano Kilauea – Hawaii – shield Mauna Loa – Hawaii – shield Paricutin – SW Mexico – cinder cone Colimo – Mexican volcanic belt – stratovolcano Popocatepetl-­‐Mexican volcanic belt-­‐stratovolcano El Chichon-­‐SE Mexico-­‐lava dome •
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Masaya-­‐SW Nicaragua-­‐caldera Arenal-­‐Costa Rica-­‐stratovolcano Soufriere Hills – Montserrat, Carribean Sea-­‐stratovolcano •
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Nevado del Ruiz-­‐Columbia-­‐stratovolcano Galeras-­‐SW Columbia-­‐complex volcano Cotopaxi-­‐Ecuador-­‐stratovolcano Cerro Azul-­‐Quizapu-­‐Chili-­‐stratovolcano Parana Plateau-­‐Brazil-­‐fissure vent •
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Grimsvotn-­‐Iceland-­‐caldera Pico de Teide-­‐Canary Islands-­‐stratovolcano •
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Antrim Plateau-­‐Ireland-­‐fissure vent West Eifel Field-­‐Germany-­‐maars, cinder cones Chaine des Puys – France-­‐ cinder cones, lava domes, maars Stromboli-­‐Sicily-­‐stratovolcano Mount Etna-­‐Italy-­‐stratovolcano Vesuvius-­‐Italy-­‐complex volcano Santorini-­‐Easterm Mediterranean sea-­‐caldera Vulcano-­‐ Mediterranean sea-­‐stratovolcano •
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Erta Ale-­‐Ethiopia-­‐shield volcano Mount Kilimanjaro-­‐Tanzania-­‐stratovolcano •
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Mount Fuji-­‐Japan-­‐stratovolcano Baitoushan-­‐border China/North Korea-­‐stratovolcano Mount Unzen-­‐Japan-­‐complex volcano Mount Pinatubo-­‐Phillippines-­‐stratovolcano Tambora-­‐Indonesia-­‐stratovolcano Taal-­‐Phillippines-­‐caldera Merapi-­‐Indonesia-­‐stratovolcano Krakatau-­‐Indonesia/Sumatra-­‐caldera Rabaul-­‐New Guinea-­‐caldera Central America South America Atlantic Ocean Europe Africa Asia •
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New Zealand •
Ruapehu-­‐New Zealand-­‐stratovolcano •
Mount Erebus-­‐Ross Island, Victoria Land-­‐stratovolcano Antarctica Aa Pillow Pahoeho Strength of Volcanoes (gentlest to strongest) Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Plinian) Earthquakes 50,000 earthquakes annually 100 cause damage 1 big per year Haiti -­‐ 1/12/10-­‐ magnitude 7 No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Location
Chile
Prince William Sound,
Alaska
Andreanof Islands, Aleutian
Islands
Kamchatka
Off western coast of
Sumatra, Indonesia
Off the coast of Ecuador
Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands
Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
India-China border
Kamchatka
Date
22-May-1960
Scale
9.5
28-Mar-1964
9.2
9-Mar-1957
9.1
4-Nov-1952
9
26-Dec-2004
9
31-Jan-1906
4-Feb-1965
28-Mar-2005
15-Aug-1950
3-Feb-1923
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.6
8.5
source
Latest 10 years deadliest
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Location
Southern Sumatera, Indonesia
Near the Coast of Central Peru
Kuril Islands
Java, Indonesia
Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Pakistan
Off West Coast of Northern Sumatra
Hokkaido, Japan Region
Southeastern Iran
Central Alaska
Hindu Kush Region, Afghanistan
Near Coast of Peru
India
New Ireland Region, P.N.G.
Southern Sumatera, Indonesia
Taiwan
Turkey
Balleny Islands Region
Afghanistan-Tajikistan Border Region
Date
12-Sep-2007
15-Aug-2007
15-Nov-2006
26-May-2006
28-Mar-2005
8-Oct-2005
26-Dec-2004
25-Sep-2003
26-Dec-2003
3-Nov-2002
25-Mar-2002
23-Jun-2001
26-Jan-2001
16-Nov-2000
4-Jun-2000
20-Sep-1999
17-Aug-1999
25-Mar-1998
30-May-1998
Scale Fatalities
8.4 9
8
514
8.3 0
6.3 5,749
8.6 1,313
7.6 80,361
9.1 227,898
8.3 0
6.6 31,000
7.9 0
6.1 1,000
8.4 138
7.7 20,023
8
2
7.9 103
7.7 2,297
7.6 17,118
8.1 0
6.6 4,000
Richter Scale: magnitude
Mercalli Scale: intensity of shaking, damage
Waves
Secondary--shear, transverse pattern
Primary--P waves, compressional, faster
Surface-travel on surface
Body--within earth
focus-within earth, starting point
epicenter--spot on surface above focus
F C D E A B ocean crust: basalt
continental crust: granite
asthenosphere: lower part of the lithosphere
lithosphere: part of the upper mantle--crust sits right on top
Subduction--collision of continental and oceanic crust with
oceanic crust going under
if there is threat of TSUNAMI then
go to the highest floor of a tall building; move to the highest
ground in your area; or if you are out in a boat, head farther
out from shore
E D C Volcano Category
H2S:
☠!!! smells like rotten eggs too
Lahar: volcanic mud flow
Shield volc = dome shaped
Composite volc (a.k.a. stratovolcano) = tall, example: Mt. Fuji
cinder cone volc = cone shaped crater in center
volcanic plug-solid lava in pipe, shows when outside erodes
pyroclastic flow-gas, ash, rock mix moving down slope
calderas--bowl crater at top of volcano
geysers--hot water and steam spouting regularly from surface vents
hot spring--hot water gushing constantly from within earth
magma--molten, inside earth , most is silicate solution
lava--outside, extruded magma
volcanic ash- volcanic rock less than 2 mm in size
volcanic gases--hydrogen chloride and hydrogen flouride, carbon
dioxide, h2o, so2, h2s, nox,
Earthquake Category
haiti aftershock 1/20/10 magnitude: 5.9; haiti aftershock 1/21/10
magnitude: 4.9, 4.8; magnitude 7.0 quake strongest 2 hit haiti in
200 yrs.
Faults: Transform, Convergent, Divergent, Strike-slip (rock strata
displace mainly horizontally, parallel to fault line), Thrust, Reverse,
Normal
A F