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Shrimp Trawl Fishing Methods In Malaysia*
by
* Paper presented in the workshop on Research in Selectivity of fishing gear and methods in the
Southeast Asia countries with special attention to slelective shrimp fishing, Malaysia: 28-30
May, 1995. **Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department ,Southeast
Asian Fisheries Development Center, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
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This paper describing on the net's designs, the net's rigging and the
catch compositions of the four types of commercial trawl gear fishing
for shrimp in Malaysian waters. The gears are stem' .trawl, pair trawl,
multiple rigs trawl and beam trawl. The by-catch component is
presented in more detail to describe the destructive effect of the gear.
Managemant steps that have been undertaken to reduce the
destructiveness are also reviewed.
Despite of it important, trawl gear is also known to be very destructive. The gear
has landed large portion of
trash fish. Trash fish are fish that are not for human
consumption and are of low commercial value. They comprise of small sized individuals,
non edible fish and a cirtain proportion of juviniles of commercially important species.
The trash landing has increased propotionally with the increase of trawl number.
Mohd. Ibrahim ( 1987 ) pointed out that the increasing trend of trash fish landing
in Mlaysia was mainly caused by the increase in the number of mini-trawlers fishing for
prawn. Mini trawlers are small trawlers typically of less than 25 tons displacement,
working small mesh, light trawls in shore waters primarily to catch shrimp. As a result of
working in shallow waters close to the shore, their catch contains a high proportion of
trash fish.
This paper describes the types of trawl net operating for shrimp in Malaysian
waters. The trawl net of Malaysia could be grouping technically into four types, namely
stren trawl, multiple rigs trawl, pair trawl and beam trawl. The net's desgins, the net's
riggings and the catch composition of the gears are presented . Some management steps
that hav,e been undertaken in order to reduce the destructive effect of the gear are also
reviewed.
,
fishermen start cruising in the evening and landed their catch in the next mopling.
0.8%
45.1 %
13.7%
36.1 %
4.3 %
Pelgic fish
Dermersal fish
Cephalapods
Prawns
Crabs
Upeneus sulphurus
N emepterus j aponicus
Pennahia macropthalmus
Cynoglosus lingua
90
33
76
123
121
132
105
80
110
185
151
144
> 120
>120
>150
>200
,
The Catches of The Multiple Rigs Shrimp Trawl
4.3
,
The Catches of the Pair Shrimp Trawl
Lui ( 1992 ) reported that the average montWy catch rate of the s"hrimp
Johnius spp.
Pellona spp.
Setipina spp.
Cynoglossus spp.
Harpodon nehereus
Trichirus lepturus
Coilia spp.
Thrissocles spp.
Others commercial spp.
Genuine trash
37.1
13.4
8.6
5.8
5.5
5.0
3.2
1.4
7.7
12.3
I
length.
Mohd. Ibrahim (1987)
,
in his review on the Fishery Management in Malaysia,
.•..
mentioned that the first comprehensive legislation on
fishery in Malaysia which also
-
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covered trawl gear is found in the Malaysian Fishery Act 1~
/
The act requires that all
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7.0
Conclusion
,
Steps should be focussed on reducing the destructiveness effect. The primary step should
...
Rahman, 1990 ). Mahyam ( 1992b ) has pointed out that the higWy demand of trash fish
for fish meal industry has caused the fishermen to reduce the mesh size. The alternative
raw material for the industry should be also considered.
At the same time, studies to determine the suitble devices or technique in order
to improve the selectivity performance of the gear should be proceeded. The devices or
technique must be simple and practical.
8.0
Acknowledgment
I am very much appreciating the cooperation and support by Miss Chee Phaik
Ean ( Fisheries Research Institute, Penang), Mr. Hadil bin Rajali ( Fisheries Research
Institut, Serawak ) and Mr. Ling Yuen Hiap ( Fisheries District office, Miri ) in compiling
the information of this paper.
9.0
References
Abu Bakar Rahman. 1990 . Contoh-contoh rekabentuk pukat tunda ikan dan pukat
tunda udang ne1ayan tempatan. Kertas Pengembangan, Jabatan Perikanan
Malaysia,159: 46 pp.
Anon. 1992. Kajian pukat kenka dua bot di Kuala Kurau, Perak, 1991. Institut
Penyelidikan Perikanan,Pulau Pinang: 35 p.p. (mimeo )
Chokesanguan, B. 1989. Trawls. In Fishing gear and methods jn Souteast Asia II,
Malaysia. Training Department, Bangkok: 79-122
Lui YP.1992.
Some observetion on the catch of the 2-boats danish seines based at
Kuala Kurau, Perak, Malaysia. In Proceeding of National IRP A Seminar:
Mahyam Mat Isa. 1992a. Destrvctive effect of trash landing on resources. In Proceeding
of National IRPA Seminar:301 - 302
'"
______
. 1992b. Trash fish; unnecessary wastage of fishery resources. In Presiding
Simposium Sumber Alam Kebangsaan Pertama FSSA UKM Kampus Sambah,
Kota Kinabalu. 16 p.p.
Matsushita, Y. , Rosidi Ali and Mahyam mat Isa. 1994. Sorting selectivity of fish landing in
trawl fishing of north western part of Peninsukar Malaysia, Expert report
MFRDMD.
Mohd. Ibrahim bin Mohamed. 1987 . Selectivity studies on Malaysian trawls. University
Pertanian Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis:219 p.p.
LOCATION
VESSEl.
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Bottom, otter
Shrimp,
Demersal
Loa
13.5
m
Kuala Terengganu
fishes
TerengRanu
22.10
21. 36
J.
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Figure 2: A design and riggings of shrimp stern trawl net sampled from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia ( Source, Chokesanguan,1989)
Bottom,
Shrimp
LOCATlO~'
nSSEL
TRAWL
otter
Loa
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hp
190
Kota Kinabalu
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trill
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6.28 m pp 016
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Figure 3: A design and riggings of shr;mp stern trawl net sampled from Sabah ( Source, Cho kesang
CHAIN 08
Bottom.
Double
Shrimp,
Demersal
rigging
fishes
VESSEL
LOCATION
Loa
23.75 m
Sibu
hp
165
26.45
J..
37
30
,,<iJ
30
37
30
37
30
37
PE 3BO/l2
Figure 4: A design and riggings of shrimp
multiple rigs trawl net sampled from Serawak ( Source, Chokesanguan,1989)
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·10 x 100 mm
Pair
Pukat
Tra ..d
Kenka
2xl1.5m.
T2o. PinndanR
2x40
Perak
81.00
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81.35
80.40
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Figure 5: A design and riggings of shrimp pair
trawl net sampled from Serawak ( Source, Chokesanguan,1989)
or
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III,
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Figure 6: Fishing area for the shrimp pair trawl off the west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia (Anon 1992),
Note: Area I = Allowable fishing area; Area II and Area III operating area
by the fishermen as traced in two monitoring studies,
IKI\IIL
Beam
Shrimp
trawl
Loa
hp
8 m
T&:. [3aram,
40
~iiri
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Denier
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146
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16
Figure 7: A design and riggings of shrimp beam trawl net sampled from Serawak ( Source, Chokesanguan,1989)
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