Samsun Fatih Temiz Ilkokulu Project Team

It is prepared with the thought of making a superficial study
in mind; we as a project team prepared this study in three stages:
 The World in 1914
 The Ottoman Empire in 1914 (Turkey)
 Samsun in 1914
We believe that such kind of a study, from general point of
view towards specific one will add a depth to the project. We will
have the privilege of evaluating the political, economic and
sociological situation and the photos altogether both in the world
and in Samsun and Turkey. In this way, we will be able to lighten
the world and Turkey as well as Samsun in 1914.
The year of 1914 that is the bloodiest war in human history
affected all the counties negatively in each aspect. The year of 1914
experienced economic crisis will go down in history as the
beginning of the year of deaths millions of people and the
decomposition process of people with the concept of nationalism.
We believe the evaluation and analysis we made will
contribute to our project.
Fatih Temiz İlkokulu Project Team
Canik / Samsun / TURKEY
http://www.fatihtemizio.meb.k12.tr/
The first months of 1914 in the World were like a "silence
before the storm". Particularly, the tensions between the states were
giving the signals of major disasters.
The "French Revolution" and
"Industrial Revolution“ occurring at
the end of the XIX century were the
most important events affecting the
relations between states. The French
Revolution with "nationalism“ aspect
and the Industrial Revolution with
the increasing, "raw materials and market
comp changed the destiny of the world.
The reasons for the declaration of war
were varied and related back to the uprising of
different ideologies. The nationalism of the
various countries throughout Europe contributed
not only to the beginning but the extension of
the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove
their dominance and power. Germany had
established the greatest military stronghold.
Great Britain, in response, vastly increased the size and capability of
its navy. Militarism controlled politics and social outlooks. The
battle for supreme military power and the arms race drew the nations
of Europe and around the world into conflict.
The need for new resources, especially with the increase of
industrialization, augmented even more tension between the
rivaling nations. Soon all the countries were strongly competing for
the "top" position. Armed forces grew, nations expanded, and
disputes were amplified. The attempt to prove their capability was
not the only factor of nationalism that caused the war. More
directly the Slavic peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to
break away from Austria Hungary and to be assimilated into Serbia.
The desire of these people created many uprisings and internal
conflicts.
At the beginning of the war 1.782.000.000 people were
living in the World. The battle lasted in 10 different fronts nearly 65
million soldiers joined from 44 states (40 Allied and 4 Alliance) is
resulted with 9 million dead, 31 million losses and 23 million
injured.
In early 1914, the Ottoman Empire began to clarify its choice in the
world. The Germans viewed a relationship with the Ottomans as purely a
means to secure the trade of military arms
The Germans gifted the two warships, the Goeben and the Breslau to
the Ottomans. Once the two ships arrived at Constantinople they were taken
into the Ottoman Navy. The ships were renamed Sultan Selim Yavuz and
Midilli, and their German crew members were outfitted in Ottoman navy
uniforms. German officers remained in charge of the vessels. On October 29,
1914, the Ottoman Navy, including the two warships (under German
command) attacked Russian sea ports in the Black Sea. On November 2, 1914,
the Russians declared war on the Ottoman Empire in retaliation and the
British followed suit three days later.
Ottoman who believe stop Soil lossing by identifying its parties,
continues to lose territory in 1914. Cyprus was passing into the hands of
England’s management.
In 1914, Ottoman Sultan V. Mehmet Resat called Muslim World to war
against the Entente Powers. However, he could not manage to find expected
support.
They saw World War I as a way of regaining their old strength.
Winning the war would have meant regaining much of their old lands and
gaining some Russian lands that they had never previously possessed. World
War one did not go with for the Ottomans. Invaded by European powers and
revolted against by the Arabs, the Ottoman Empire essentially ceased to exist
by the time the war was over in 1918. An ultra-nationalist Turkish leader,
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, took power in what was now known as Turkey, and
declared it a purely Turkish state.
Like all empires throughout Islamic history and world history
in general, the Ottomans did not last forever. They were the last great
Muslim empire, finally ending just one generation ago. The reasons
for their decline are many. Political corruption weakened them in the
face of Europe’s rising power. Economically, many factors (both
within and outside of Ottoman control) helped bring poverty and
despair to the empire that was
once the economic powerhouse
of Europe. The Islamic character
of the empire was lost.
And finally, the European idea of nationalism dealt the
empire its death-blow. The purpose of this series is not to languish
on past failures and mistakes. It is to educate people, Muslim and
none, to understand the mistakes of the past to help prevent the
same mistakes in the future.
Amisos, otherwise known as Samsunta by the Greeks, is
today’s Samsun, a city situated on the western shoreline of Pontus, in
today’s Turkey. The name Samsunta is derived from Amisos; Eis
Amison (towards Amisos) - ’Amison - ’Amson -Samsun. There are
also other variants of the name including; Simisso (Genoese),
Aminsos (Byzantine) and Misso (Roman). The Turks today call it
Samsun.
The population statistics of the
town are not exact however in the year
1914 the town which had a population of
22,000 was made up of 10,000 Turks,
9,000 Greeks, 2,000 Armenians as well
as other minorities.
1914 census reveals the fact that Samsun population is
composed of non-Muslims. This situation led to the emergence of
some needs and Samsun foreigners have had the privilege of
worshipping freely in their own places. Today, Mater Dolorosa
Catholic Church is an example still serving…
Samsun consists of
multi-culturalism and
commercial center altogether.
They provided Samsun
economic and cultural
development. Surviving from
the 1900s there are many
historical places holding all
of its values ​: Saathane Clock
Tower Square and the Port of
Samsun …
During the years of the First World War, Greeks who wants to
establish an independent State of Pontus has experienced a bloody
conflict especially in the region of Bafra.
After World War I, in 1919, the European powers to share the
lands of the Ottoman Empire invaded Turkey. Then Mustafa Kemal
went to Samsun (the Black Sea) and started a national movement.
His aim was to clear Turkey from the invaders, and to establish an
independent Turkish Republic. Mustafa Kemal Paşa (Pasha)
(Atatürk) who was appointed as the Inspector of 9th Army
Detachments and his companions to Samsun.
This little work we have done can be considered as the
beginning of the process. Of course, we believe to contribute to the
project wıth the glance of Turkey whose title is the effects of the First
World War ".
We wish success to the whole
project team to whom we believe to
work together with great pleasure!
Sincerely...
Fatih Temiz İlkokulu Project Team
Canik – Samsun – TÜRKİYE