Nicaragua

XII CEPA MEETING
UN CEPA
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND FOR
SOCIAL NETWORKING
CASE: NICARAGUA
Dr. Paul Oquist
MINISTER
PRIVATE SECRETARY FOR NATIONAL POLICIES
PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC
New York, April, 2013
THE NEED FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR THE
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN NICARAGUA
• Social challenges
– Second poorest country of Latin America and the Caribbean
– 2,440,482 poor people and 838,377 people in extreme poverty (2009) out of a total
population of 6.2 million (42.5% in poverty)
– Malnutrition
– Unemployment
• Economic challenges
– GDP per capita is 27% less than Honduras, the third poorest country of Latinamerica
– A minimun 8% growth required to meet the basic demands that remain unsatisfied for many
Nicaraguan families
– Transformation of our agriculture towards higher productivity and value added
– Transformation through mega investments in infrastructure
• Environmental challenges: Preservation of our natural resources forests, water,
soils, biodiversity under the pressure of climate change
• Climate change: Between 3.5-6oC of temperature increase in this century,
hurracanes, storms, Niño/Niña rotationWorldwide economy: Challenge of a
second w-shaped recession
2
EL PELIGRO DE LA W
CRISIS DEL CAPITALISMO
Crecimiento Económico de China e India
Crecimiento Económico en EUROPA
(Variación Porcentual Anual)
(Variación Porcentual Anual)
16
6
14
4
12
2
10
0
8
-2
6
-4
4
-6
2
Eurozona
España
Italia
Francia
China
India
Alemania
0
-8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(p)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(p)
Fuente: FMI
3
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDY
PROGRAMS
MINIMUM WAGE
BY CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
4
AN EDUCATION SYSTEM THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE
TRANSFORMATION OF NICARAGUA
• General Baccalaureate
• Technical High School Diploma
• Infrastructure and equipment of
training centers
More technical
scholarships
767,974 technical
scholarships
More scholarships for
languages
85,647 scholarships for
languages
More technical graduates
1,236,735 enrolled
1,131,186 graduates
43,712 agricultural
technicians
TECHNICAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL
AND LANGUAGE
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
(High priority)
FREE AND
UNIVERSAL
EDUCATION
(Sixth Grade Battle
1,200,000 school lunches
1,500,000 education
packs
and Third year
Battle in 2015)
FORMATION AND
TRAINING OF
NICARAGUANS
FOR THE
TRANSFORMATIO
N OF NICARAGUA
HIGHER
EDUCATION
More Research,
Science and
Technology
National
Universities
LITERACY AND
POST- LITERACY
(550,000 people
in 2012-2016)
Regional
and
Local
Govt.
People
National
Government
5
HEALTH STRATEGY
MAIN INDICATORS
2011
Achivements in 2012
2015
% of people
attended MOSAFC
50%
100%
The maternal mortality rate was reduced from
93 deaths for each 100,000 births alive in 2006
to 53 in 2012.
% of chronic
malnutrition in
children under 3
years
20%
16%
Operación Milagro: 23,350 eye operations for a
total of 123,350 eye operations in the period
2007-2012
Maternal mortality
rate
53
40
Infant mortality rate
25
19
Vaccine applied in
National Campaigns
(Thousands)
1,486
1,500
11,910,506
12,499,992
Medical
consultations in I and
II levels of care
Todos Con Voz, 254,258 visits and house care for
disabled people
National campaign for vaccination: 1,810,629
applied doses of different vaccines to people of
all ages.
Fight anti-epidemic against Dengue: 5,083,728
visits to homes to ensure abatización
6
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
PROGRAMS,
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDIES
WAGE
CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
7
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PRIORITIES
• Food security: Corn,
bean, potato,
vegetables, Arabica
Coffee
• Dry areas: productive
alternatives, irrigation
2. Climate
change
adaptation
• Roya (Rust)
• Antracnosis
• Ojo de gallo
1. Coffee
diseases
• Genomic of marine
species
• Protection and
conservation of the
natural heritage of
the country
5. Biodiversity
and Marine
Genomics
• Water quality
• Planting and
harvesting water
• Watershed
management
3. Water
• Conservation and
sustainable use of
nature
• Emphasis on the
discovery and use of
microorganisms
4. Nicaraguan
Biodiversity
• Solar
• Wind
• Biodigestores
• For communities
and isolated families
• Educational
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• For transforming
agriculture
• For Megaprojects
• To improve Public
Management
6.Alternative
energy sources
7. Applications
for NICASAT1
8. Education
and training
Ad hoc groups: national from all sectors and international experts
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
PROGRAMS,
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDIES
WAGE
CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
9
POVERTY REDUCTION
General poverty by consumption
Extreme poverty by consumption
48.3%
17.2%
45.8%
15.1%
14.6%
INIDE
42.5%
FIDEG
9.7%
9.0%
2001
2005
2009
2001
31.6
2005
2009
Urbano
Less than US$2
PA* a day
Rural
51.4
Less than US$1.25
20.5
11.2
5.5
EMNV
2009
EMNV
2005
EMNV
2009
Variación
-10.6
Less than US$2
PA* a day
15.9
10.7
Variación
-5.7
2011
35.7
21
EMNV
2005
2010
Greater reduction in rural zones
By income: Comparison 2005-2009
(Percentages)
Less than US$1.25 a day
8.2%
3.8
1.5
EMNV
2005
EMNV
2009
9.8
Variación
-2.3
-9.8
EMNV
2005
EMNV
2009
Variación
-6.1
-15.7
10
INEQUALITY REDUCTION
Porcentual Variation of GINI coefficient in Latin America and the Caribbean
2005-2009
6.60
0.38
0.88
-0.34
-6.20
-6.04
-9.80
-15.10
Fuente: CEPAL
GINI income in
Nicaragua
2005
0.41*
2005
0.51
2009
0.37*
2009
0.46
2010
0.35**
2011
0.34**
*INIDE
**FIDEG
-3.99
-3.04
-3.03
-2.46
-1.13
PROACTIVE REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
-8.60
GINI consumption in
Nicaragua
-5.84
• Free health and education:
US$ 845.38/ayear, plus U.S. $ 625.40 in special cases
(operations, chronic illness, pregnancy)
• Increased minimum real wage
+40.67%
• Subsidies:
US$ 1,110.40/year
 Public Transportation:
US$ 321.08/year
 Drinking water:
US$ 53.51/year
 House electricity:
US$ 160.54/year
 ENABAS Food:
US$ 200.68/year
 Christian Socialist and Solidarity
Bonus:
US$ 374.59/year
• Capitalization of poor families:
 Zero Hunger:
Until US$ 1,500.00, average: US$710.00
 Zero Usury :
US$ 250.00
11
GENDER EQUITY
Inter-Parliamentary Union
The percentage of women in the parliaments of the world
Cuba and Nicaragua are the only Latin American countries
in the top 10 in the world with greater participation of
women in national parliaments.
Nicaragua rose from 18.5% in 2006 to 42.3% in 2012
THE 10 FIRST COUNTRIES
RWANDA
ANDORRA
CUBA
SUECIA
SEYCHELLES
FINLANDIA
NICARAGUA
SUDÁFRICA
HOLANDA
ISLANDIA
(56.3%)
(50.0%)
(45.2%)
(44.7%)
(43.8%)
(42.5%)
(42.3%)
(42.3%)
(40.7%)
(39.7%)
New Law: 50% -50% in the Parliament (Nicaragua
take second in the world) and for mayors, vice
mayors and councilors
World Index of Gender Gap 2012
-World Economic ForumPuesto
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
País
Islandia
Finlandia
Noruega
Suecia
Irlanda
Nueva Zelanda
Dinamarca
Filipinas
Nicaragua
Suiza
Holanda
Bélgica
Alemania
Lesoto
Letonia
Sudáfrica
Luxemburgo
Reino Unido
Cuba
Austria
Nicaragua: from place 90 in 2007 to number
9 in 2012
12
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
PROGRAMS,
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDIES
WAGE
CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
13
THE GRAND NATIONAL ALLIANCE
National
Government
+
UNAG,
UPANIC
FEDEGAN
COOP
Others
Big and small producers
+
Workers
PROSPERITY-PEACE - STABILITY
- SECURITY–COMPLEMENTARITY-JOBS
- VOLUNTEERING
+
Regional Governments
+
+
Local Governments
People
organized
14
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND GROWTH
Economic growth in Central America in 2012
(Percent variation)
Economic growth in Nicaragua 2007-2012
(Percent Variation)
6.0
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.4
4.0
4.0
3.6
3.0
2.0
1.0
-
2007
(1.0)
2008
2009
(2.0)
(3.0)
2010
2011
2012
(2.2)
Fuente: BCN
National CPI in January 2010 – December 2012
(Cumulative percentage change)
10
2012
2010
2011
8
6
4.90
4
2.85
1.36
2
1.77
0.13
0
2.19
2.46
2.72
2,400
2224.3
2,200
2,000
1887.2
1,800
2047.8
1949.62005.9
2130.1
1799.0
1,600
1573.1
1,400
1,200
-2
-4
2.53
3.39
3.90
9
.
7.
2
6.62
95
3
Gross International Reserves
(U.S. $ Millions)
1103.3
1140.8
1,000
Fuente: BCN
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Fuente: BCN & PEF
15
Déficits Fiscal en Nicaragua 2000-2012
2.0
(Porcentaje
del PIB)
1.0
0.0
(1.0)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(2.0)
(3.0)
(4.0)
(5.0)
(6.0)
(7.0)
Fuente: BCN
7,000
Total Exports
(US$ Million)
EXPORT DYNAMISM
GRUN II
GRUN
I
5,989.50
5,618.00
5,210.40
4,827.80
4,474.50
4,057.0
3,157.5
2,531.3
2,390.5
2,186.2
1,932.1
1,654.1
2,000
1,369.0
1,056.0
895.3914.4
880.6
1,000
3,000
0
86.2
Total
66.7
62.3
19.5
61.8
58.0
45.5
2006
FUENTE: BCN &
proyecciones
PEF
4,000
Before
GRUN
Public Debt Balance
(Percentage of GDP)
Fuente: BCN
6,000
5,000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
16.9
2007
42.7
15.3
2008
61.0
45.4
16.4
2009
Externa
56.3
46.0
15.0
2010
43.7
12.6
2011
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
PROGRAMS,
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDIES
WAGE
CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
17
INCREASED WORK
Employed Population
(thousands of people)
3,500.0
2,500.0
2,089.8
1,000.0
2012/2006:
 222,1359 people,
+52.8%
3,096.0
650,000
2,435.0
2012/2011:
 161.8 thousand
people, +5.5%
2,000.0
1,500.0
750,000
2,934.1
2,739.0
3,000.0
Employees registered at INSS
550,000
2012/2006:
 1,006.2 thousand
people, +48.2%
450,000
471,856
495,585
642,451
596,328
516,376
547,693
2012/2011:
 46,123 people,
+7.7%
420,316
350,000
500.0
250,000
-
2006
2009
2010
2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
nov-12
Open Unemployment Rate
(percentage change by mobile Quarter)
10
10
Reduction of the
open
unemployment rate
2006
2012
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
18
Oct-12
Aug-12
Jun-12
Apr-12
Feb-12
Dec-11
Oct-11
Aug-11
Jun-11
Apr-11
Feb-11
Dec-10
Oct-10
Aug-10
Jun-10
Apr-10
Feb-10
Dec-09
Oct-09
Aug-09
Jun-09
Apr-09
Source: based on ECH
SURVEY OF COST OF LIVING IN LATIN AMERICA: MANAGUA IN
NICARAGUA (POSITION 213) ONE OF THE CITIES WITH LOW COST OF
LIVING
19
PUBLIC SAFETY
2010 Daily Homicides
HOMICIDES IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Guatemala:
Honduras:
El Salvador:
Nicaragua:
Costa Rica:
Total región:
8.8 (Global Rates-WHO)
26 (Latin American Rates – UNDP)
18
17
12
2.1
1.3
48.4
Homicide Rates in Central America
(per 100,000 inhabitants)
2010
86.0
77.0
66.9
2011
72.0
Vehicular theft in Central America
41.0 39.0
8,095
2010
7,334
13.0 12.5
2011
12.0 12.0
5,475 5,222
Honduras
El Salvador
Guatemala
Nicaragua
3,800
Costa Rica
3,130
Homicide rates in Nicaragua, 2012:
11 per 100 000 inhabitants
2,811
1,035
366
720
Guatemala Honduras Costa Rica El Salvador Panamá
387 272
Nicaragua
20
INVESTMENT PORTAFOLIO
US$ 11.5 BILLION IN 2012-2016
ELECTRONICS
MANUFACTURING
MINING EXPLORATION
US$ 600 MILLION
US$ 359.4 MILLION
TOURISM
OIL EXPLORATION
US$ 353.6 MILLION
US$ 555 MILLION
TELECOMUNICATIONS
PORTS US$ 281 MILLION
US$ 2,018.3 MILLONES
AGROINDUSTRY
REFINERY “SUPREME
DREAM OF BOLÍVAR”
US$ 3,880.4 MILLION
EXPANSION AND
TRANSFORMATION OF
THE ENERGY MATRIX
US$ 1,999.1 MILLION
US$ 334.3 MILLION
HIGHER ECONOMIC
GROWTH THAT
CONTRIBUTES TO
ERADICATE EXTREME
POVERTY
FREE ZONES
US$ 644.6 MILLION
OTHERS
US$ 121 MILLION
THE GRAND INTEROCEANIC CANAL OF NICARAGUA US$ 40 MIL MILLONES:
Wet and dry Canal, Airport, Railway, Free Zones in the Caribbean and Pacific, and Pipeline 21
PRODUCTION STRATEGY: HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND
FOOD SECURITY
 49% of the employed are in
Family Economy
Agricultura
Familiar
 21% more in the Micro, Small
and Medium rural and urban
production
 70% of employment and 40% of
GDP
Asociatividad
Family, Community,
Cooperative and
Associative Economy
Ministry for
Family,
Community,
Cooperatives
and Asociativity
economy
Pequeña y
mediana
Agroindustria
MIPYMES
Universities:
Research,
Innovation, and
Technology
Asociativity and
Cooperativism
Agroindustry
promotion to greater
value-added
Public-private
Alliances
Improved practices,
technology, irrigation,
loans, technical
assisstance, marketing
support
Protection for Mother Earth; Mitigation and adaptation to Climate Change22
FROM PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TO SOCIAL
COHESION IN NICARAGUA 1/2
• Consensual style of government (from 2007)
– Councils and Citizen Power Cabinets at community, municipal, departmental and
national
– Production Cabinets involving private producers
– Social responsibilities shared between the national government, local governments
and all sectors of society for the care of the commons
• Grand Alliance: workers-private sector-government
– The minimum wage negotiation by consensus in the past 3 years, even for a horizon
of four years in the future in the case of the Free Zone
– It also promotes and accompanying national and international investments in the
country
– Tax reform by consensus in 2012
• Massive participation of the people: 1.1 million volunteers in social
programs, specially women and young
Social cohesion: economic, social, political and cultural factors creating
virtuous circles for the transformation of Nicaragua for the benefit of
23
Nicaraguan families.
FROM SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ALLIANCES TO SOCIAL
COHESION IN NICARAGUA 2/2
• A greater participation of women in politics
– In 2006: 18% of the sent in the National Assembly were held by women
– In 2012: 43%
– In 2016: 50% (New law already applied in Municipalities)
• A greater economic participation of poor women
– Zero Hunger and Zero Usury Programs
• A communitarian public security model
• Social programs + economic growth and macroeconomic stability
+ jobs + export growth + investment boom generate optimism and
even enthusiasm, especially with youth that has confidence in the
future.
Social cohesion: economic, social, political and cultural factors creating
virtuous circles for the transformation of Nicaragua for the benefit of
24
Nicaraguan families.
MODEL BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES​​, SOCIALIST IDEALS AND SOLIDARITY PRACTICES
CAPACITY BUILDING
OVERCOMING
VICIOUS
CIRCLES
RECOVERING
VALUES
KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING AND
SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY AND
LANGUAGES
CITIZEN POWER
AND PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY
REDUCTION
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
ECONOMIC GROWTH
GRAND ALLIANCE
WORKERSPRODUCERS AND
ENTREPRENEURS
-GOVERNMENT
CHALLENGE:
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESTORATION
OF RIGHTS
JOB CREATION
LOWER COST OF LIVING
PUBLIC SAFETY
SOCIAL COHESION
AND DYNAMIC,
POSITIVE
INVESTMENT
CLIMATE
BUILDING
VIRTUOUS
CIRCLES
PROGRAMS,
CAPITALIZATION
AND SUBSIDIES
WAGE
CONSENSUS; 1
DIGIT INFLATION;
HIGH RESERVES,
FREE EXCHANGE
AND DEBTS
REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
ENERGY INVESTMENTS
INFRAESTRUCTURE
PROTECTION OF MOTHER EARTH AND
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE:
WORLD
ECONOMY
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