Training Manual 102011

Transcription

Overview of
Math
Accommodations
High Tech Center Training Unit
21050 McClellan Rd. Cupertino, CA 95014
www.htctu.net
Foothill – De Anza Community College District
California Community Colleges
An Overview of Math Accommodations
10:00 A.M.
Introduction and Expectations
PowerPoint: Overview
11:45 A.M.
Lunch
1:00 P.M.
Manipulatives
* Geometry
Protractor, rulers, raised line drawing kit
* Algebra
Magnet boards
Additional options for Braille readers
* Cubarithm board
* Math Window
Counting
* Chisenbop
* Abacus
2:00 P.M.
Break
2:15 P.M.
Calculators
*Orion
*AGC
*MathTrax
3:30 p.m.
PIAF and Scientific Notebook
* Creating graphs & Exporting to tactile graphics
* Creating matrices
4:00 P.M.
Q&A Evaluations
4:30 P.M.
End
http://www.htctu.net rev. 10/27/2011
Day Two
9:00 A.M.
Introductions and Expectatoins
Overview of Access Technologies
Intro to Math ML
10:15 A.M.
Break
10:30 A.M.
Math Type
* Creating Equations using MathType
MathPlayer
MathDAISY
MathTalk: http://www.mathtalk.com/demos.htm
11:45 A.M.
Lunch
1:00 P.M
LaTeX
* Creating and Reading Equations with LaTeX
* Exporting LaTeX equations
* Creating equations in MathType
* Creating equations in Scientific Notebook and saving as TeX
Scientific Notebook
* Entering equations
2:30 P.M.
Break
2:45 P.M.
Workflow: Book to E-text with math
Infty & Chatty Infty
3:30 P.M.
R-Project for Statistics vs. SPSS with JAWS script
4:00 P.M.
END
Objectives
Participants will be able to do the following:
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•
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•
•
•
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understand the complexity of creating math access
understand and use a wide range of manipulatives
use finger counting
know when to recommend Nemeth or DotsPlus for Braille users
understand how to create Nemeth and DotsPlus Braille
understand how to create and use Math ML
create e-text with math equation software
•
be familiar with computer programs designed to support math access
Math Accommodations
Issues



Accessing books/problem sets
Doing homework/tests
Getting information in class
Tips for Deaf and Hard
of Hearing Students
1
Suggestions for
Instructors

Face the students

Repeat student questions
– Do not talk facing the board
– The deaf student may not have been looking at the
questioner

Make sure you can be seen clearly

Use gestures

Build in pauses
– Do not stand and talk in front of a bright window
– Pointing to what you’re talking about is helpful
– Deaf students do a lot of multi-tasking, allow some pauses
Tips for Students with
Upper Limb Impairments
Software

Math equation programs allow
keyboard entry
– Scientific Notebook
– MathType (plug-in for Word)

MathTalk allows voice entry
– Requires MathTalk, Dragon
NaturallySpeaking and Scientific
Notebook (all three!)
2
Books

Scan to PDF
Read on-screen
Foot pedal mouse
Use Dragon to advance pages onscreen

Remove spine and rebind to lay flat

Use hardware page-turning systems



Tips for LD Students
Verbalize

Instructor side
– Concrete, specific descriptions
– Verbalize equations and operations

Student side
– Verbalize the process
– Have students explain patterns they see
3
Strategies
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Spread one semester courses over two
Teach strategies, not just algorithms
Tactile graphs
Manipulatives
Color highlighting
Draw pictures
Self-help


Work in quiet without clutter
Videotape students studying
– Students may be totally unaware of what
they are doing while studying—
videotaping provides feedback
Word Problems

Learn key words
–
–
–
–

“and,” “sum,” “increased” mean add
“take away,” “difference,” “less” mean subtract
“of,” “times” means multiply
“per,” “out of,” “ratio of,” “quotient” mean
divide
Highlight what is important
– Look for key words


List information
Draw pictures
4
Auditory Math

Math books in MathML

MathPlayer reads and highlights
– Create in MathType or Scientific Notebook
– Free download from Design Science
– http://www.dessci.com/

Read&Write Gold, Dolphin Tutor, and WYNN
work with MathPlayer
– Kurzweil only works from the Web interface.
Online Help

ModuMath Tutorials
– Video tutorials for basic math and algebra
– http://www.modumath.org/

ALEKS
– Assessment and learning
– http://www.aleks.com/highered/math/

Khan Academy (videos)
– http://www.khanacademy.org/
MuchoMath

Professor Larry Perez at
Saddleback College
– [email protected]

You Tube math videos
– www.saddleback.edu/faculty/lperez/
5
Learning Styles for Math

Christine Tunstall at Mt. SAC
– Instructional Specialist in ABI


Resources to help students learn how
to learn math
http://elearn.mtsac.edu/ctunstall/dsps
30/
Tips for Low Vision
Students
Software for Writing
Math

Keyboard entry
– Scientific Notebook
– MathType


Equations can be enlarged
Voices what is written
– Chatty Infty
6
Creating Large Print

Start with PDF
Crop pages
Print to fit page (11 in. x 17 in.)

Can tile pages


– Portion of page enlarged to full sheet
Enlarging Math in Word

Math equations created with
MathType plug-in
– http://www.dessci.com/en/products/

Create a “Preferences” file
– Can save multiple preference files


Apply preferences
Enlarge text with Ctrl + Shift + >
Tips for Blind Students
7
Be wary of assumptions

Blindness covers a range
– Most blind folks have some sight
– Many do see color

Not all blind people read Braille
– In fact, many CC students do not

Not all students who read Braille read
Nemeth math Braille
Nemeth Braille Example

Numbers
– 1234567890
–⠼⠂⠆⠒⠲⠢⠖⠶⠦⠔⠴

Symbols
– x² + 2x + 2 = 10
– ⠭⠘⠆⠐⠬⠆⠭⠬⠆ ⠨⠅ ⠼⠂⠴
Use Meaningful Words


Use concrete terms
Meaningless!
– “Here is the equation.”
– “We start with the equation and factor.”
– “Set both factors equal to zero and solve
to get the result.”

Avoid
– This, that, here, there, thing
8
In the following example,
you would say everything!

Don’t just write it; verbalize it! Say each step.
6x2 = 53x + 9
Subtract 53x and 9 from both sides
6x2 – 53x – 9 = 0
Trinomial factoring gives us
(6x + 1)(x – 9) = 0
Set both factors equal to zero
6x + 1 = 0 and x – 9 = 0
Solve each equation…etc.
Braille options

Brailling math is expensive and timeconsuming
– Algebra books can cost $25,000+
– Calculus books can cost $100,000+


Check books already in Braille and see if
instructor is willing to use the problem sets
Work with an instructor on “independent
study” with a book already in Braille
Lots of Math in Braille!

Alternate Text Production Center (ATPC)
– www.atpc.net

ATPC produces Braille and tactile graphics
free for the CCCs
– Sells books to those outside CCC system

Must have syllabus to begin project
– Do only required chapters
– The more advance notice, the better
9
Other Nemeth Resources

American Printing House for the Blind
hosts the Louis Database
– Anyone can search for Braille materials
– www.aph.org

Hadley School for the Blind
– Free courses
– www.hadley-school.org/Web_Site/
2_b_ae_and_hs_program.asp
Nemeth on Campus

Scientific Notebook documents can be
translated into Nemeth math Braille
– www.mackichan.com
– From other equation editors, save as
LaTeX
– Take into Scientific Notebook and save
– Open with Duxbury Braille Translation
Software (www.duxsys.com)
Tactile Diagrams

PIAF paper
– “Pictures in a Flash” (www.optelec.com)
– Microcapsule paper
– Can start from any computer file
10
Graphics Printer

Tiger Embosser
– Embosses graphics in raised dots
(www.viewplus.com)
– Creates Dots Plus math Braille
Other Tactile Strategies


Be creative!
Magnet boards
– Letters and numbers can be purchased
– Symbols can be cut from magnetic sheets

Corkboard for graphics
– Glue thread to make a grid
– Push-pins and string for graphing
Be Creative!

Manipulatives
– Many standard K-12 manipulatives will
work

Collage
– Puff paint
– Cut-outs
– Real objects
11
Commercially Available

Wikki Stix

Sewell Raised Line Drawing Kit
– www.wikkistix.com
– www.maxiaids.com

Non-slip abacus (Cranmer Abacus) , Braille
ruler, protractor, compass, Cubarithm
– www.aph.org

MathWindow
– www.mathwindow.com
Scientific Calculator

Orion TI-36X
– Hand-held, talks
– American Printing House for the Blind
www.aph.org
– MaxiAids
www.maxiaids.com
Other Calculators

www.maxiaids.com
– Search on “calculator”
12
Software Calculator

Audio Graphing Calculator
– Computer software, talks
– ViewPlus Technology www.viewplus.com
– Note: Graphs can be printed on Tiger
Embosser or to PIAF paper
MathTrax

Free from NASA
– http://learn.arc.nasa.gov/mathtrax/index.
html
Useful Sites

http://www.inftyreader.org/?p=92

http://accessiblemath.dessci.com/

http://www.calstate.edu/accessibility/
tutorials/math.shtml
13
10/26/2011
Strategies for
Math & Science Accessibility Ron Stewart
Access Technology Instructor
High Tech Training Center Unit
California Community Colleges
MathType
• MathType is an equation editor for MS Office
• Allows equations to be entered into MS Word documents much like the Equation Editor
• Document with equations can be exported as:
– Web page with MathML
– Images (.GIF)
– TeX/LaTeX
1
10/26/2011
MathPlayer
• MathType provides export option to create Web pages from MS Word
• Exported Web pages may contain equations presented as images OR MathML
• Web pages and equations can be viewed in either Firefox or Internet Explorer (requires MathPlayer)
Infty Reader
• OCR application that recognizes STEM documents into editable content
• Can convert to LaTeX, MathML, and XHTML
• Recognized content may be exported to MS Word 2003/2007 for additional editing
2
10/26/2011
Infty Editor & Chatty Infty
• Infty Editor is an authoring tool for math expressions
• Chatty Infty is an extension of Infty Editor that provides speech output of math content
Assistive Technologies
• Screen‐Reader
– Dolphin Supernova, Freedom Scientific JAWS, GW Micro Window‐Eyes, NVDA
• Screen‐Magnification
– ZoomText 9, MAGic with Speech, Supernova
• Reading Systems
– Dolphin EasyTutor, TextHelp Read & Write Gold (Windows), Claro Read (Windows), Kurzweil 3000 (Windows), WYNN
3
10/26/2011
Sample Workflow
• Create or edit the equations in MS Word using MathType
• Export as a Web page using the Publish to MathPage function
– Choose MathML export
– Select XHTML+MathML
• View the page in the appropriate browser
MathDAISY
• Component for Save As DAISY add‐in
• Converts MathType equations into DAISY compatible format
• Requires DAISY reader that supports MathML
4
10/26/2011
Thank you
Ron Stewart
Access Technology Instructor
[email protected]
5
Advanced Topics in Curricular Accessibility: Strategies for Math and Science Accessibility Sean Keegan,
Stanford University
Ron Stewart,
Chair AHEAD Instructional Materials Accessibility Group
Creative Commons License Attribution - Non-Commercial - Share Alike
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
MathType Application Details •
•
•
URL: http://www.dessci.com/en/
Cost: $97 ($57 Academic pricing)
Operating Systems: Mac OS X 10.3 and later; Microsoft Windows XP, Vista,
Windows 7
Introduction MathType is an equation editor that allows for the rich display of mathematical numbers,
symbols, and equations on the Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh platforms.
MathType expands on the basic equation editor symbol set and provides additional
equation and notation options for the display of mathematical content. MathType is
commonly used within Microsoft Office applications (e.g., MS Word and PowerPoint) or
the Apple iWork suite (e.g., Pages and Keynote), to author mathematical symbols and
other science notation. In addition to desktop published applications, MathType can also
support the inclusion of mathematical content into numerous Web-based platforms,
including learning management systems, Google Docs, Wikipedia, and many other
online interfaces. MathType is also a major component in supporting the conversion of
documents into accessible alternate formats that include mathematical content.
MathType provides a separate editing interface for the authoring and editing of
mathematical content. For applications like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint, math content
may be created or edited in the MathType window and then saved back into the original
document. This will create a MathType "object" in the document.
Adding Equations in Microsoft Word Once MathType has been installed, an additional tab called the MathType ribbon will
appear in the Microsoft Word interface. To add an equation to a document, switch to the
MathType ribbon and select either the Inline Equation or Display Equation option. An
Inline Equation will add a MathType object within the same line as the cursor focus. A
Display Equation will add a MathType object centered and on a new line.
MathType will automatically open the MathType interface. For entering numbers or
letters, use the keyboard to enter the relevant characters. MathType automatically
adjusts the spacing and formatting for "math" specific content; as a result, the space bar
is disabled to prevent unintended spacing in the equations.
To save the equation back into the Microsoft Word document, choose File > Close and
Return to Document (Ctrl+F4). This will save the current MathType object and return
you back to the original document.
For entering symbols, such as the radical symbol or fraction symbol, use the templates
provided just above the MathType editing window. These symbol templates provide a
mechanism to control the placement of numbers or other characters in order to properly
display the equation.
Example: Equations with Fractions 1. To enter an equation with a fraction, use the fraction template to establish the
numerator and denominator template regions (hotkey command Ctrl+F).
2. Enter the appropriate value for either the numerator or denominator.
3. Switch between the numerator and denominator regions by using the up or down
arrow keys.
4. To exit the numerator or denominator regions, press the right arrow key to move
the cursor focus outside of the fraction.
5. Return to the document by choosing File > Save and Close (Ctrl+F4).
MathType Keyboard Commands MathType provides a large number of keyboard commands to simplify the authoring or
editing of mathematical symbols and equations. For instance, Ctrl+F will automatically
include the fraction template whereas Ctrl+R will embed the square root symbol into the
editing region.
To review all the keyboard commands or change the current keyboard mapping, in
MathType go to Preferences > Customize Keyboard. Expand open the menu list of
keyboard commands to review the currently established options or to set new keyboard
commands.
The current shortcut keys will be displayed in the "Current Keys" region. If you wish to
return all the keyboard commands to the original settings, press the "Reset All" button.
This will reset all the keyboard commands to the default settings when MathType was
first installed.
Appearance of Math Content One challenge when working with MathType is that it can be difficult to discern which
parts of the document are text-based and which parts of the document are MathType
objects. There are two methods one can use to differentiate between the text content
and MathType objects.
Color You can set MathType objects so that they may be a different color than the
surrounding text-based information.
1. To change the color of an equation, double-click on the equation to open the
MathType window.
2. Select the entire equation (Ctrl-A).
3. Choose Format > Color, and then select the color you wish to use to represent
the equations. The color you choose will be represented in the final version of the
document, so ensure appropriate color contrast.
4. To change all future equations to be of the same color, choose Format > Color >
Edit Color Menu.
5. Choose your desired color and press the Set as Default button. This will set the
color for future MathType equations.
Browse by Equation In addition to setting the color for a MathType equation, it is also possible to navigate
through the document from equation to equation and skipping the text-based content.
To move from equation to equation, press the Previous or Next button (in the Browse
region) to move by MathType objects through the document.
Browsing by equation will allow you to quickly jump from one equation to the next and
provide a visual indicator of the equation in the document. This can be useful if you do
not wish to change the color of equation as described in the previous section. This can
also be a useful method to evaluate if there are any "empty" MathType objects in the
document.
Export to the Web MathType offers numerous export options for equations authored within the MathType
interface. To ensure a version of the document is compatible with assistive technology,
it is necessary to use the Publish to MathPage export option. Please note - this is
different than using the Save As Web page option from within the Microsoft Office
Example: Exporting as a Web Page 1. Create your document and add the relevant MathType objects.
2. Save the document.
3. Choose Export to MathPage in the MathType ribbon.
In the Publish to MathPage window, provide a title for the document. This will become
the title of the Web page that is displayed at the top of the browser (this creates the
<title> tag).
Check the location of where the file will be stored in the File Name region. To change
the file save location, press the Browse button and select a new file location.
In the Equations section, click the radio button MathML using: and select the option
"XHTML+MathML". This will create a Web page with MathML content compatible with
the most Web browsers.
Open the resulting file using a MathML compatible Web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer
with MathPlayer, Firefox, etc.). In order to view the resulting content in Internet Explorer,
you will need to download and install the free MathPlayer plug-in from Design Science.
MathPlayer Application Details •
•
•
Cost: Free
Operating Systems: For use with Internet Explorer (Microsoft Windows)
Introduction MathPlayer is a free plug-in for the Internet Explorer browser that supports the
rendering of MathML content for Web pages. In addition to the display of MathML
content, MathPlayer provides a zoom function as well as the capability to speak and
highlight the mathematical equations. MathPlayer also supports assistive computer
technologies, such as screen-reading applications and MathML-DAISY books, by
providing the necessary interface to read and highlight the math equation to the user.
Note - if you receive an error message that says Internet Explorer has blocked an Active
X control when attempting to view MathML-content with MathPlayer, choose the Allow
Blocked Content option to allow MathPlayer to start.
Math Zoom To view a larger version of the math equation, use the Math Zoom function in
MathPlayer. Perform a mouse-click on the equation and it will be displayed in a larger
font with a yellow background.
Speak Expression MathPlayer can use the default speech engine and voice on the computer to speak and
highlight the equation back to the user. Perform a right-click on the equation and choose
Speak Expression. MathPlayer will use the current default speech engine to voice the
math expression.
For individuals using assistive technologies, it is not necessary to perform a right-click
and choose Speak Expression. When viewing the MathML content through a Web
page, the assistive technology will automatically read the math equation content as well
as the text on the page. The following assistive technologies are compatible with
MathPlayer for MathML-based content.
Screen‐Readers • JAWS
• Window-Eyes
• Supernova
• NVDA
Learning Applications and Document Readers (Windows platform only) • Kurzweil 3000
• Read and Write Gold
• Claro Read
• WYNN
MathDAISY Application Details •
•
•
•
Cost: $179 ($97 Academic pricing)
Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7
Requires: Microsoft Office XP, 2003, 2007, the Save As DAISY plug-in, and
MathType 6.5 or later. Playback requires a MathML-compatible DAISY player.
Introduction MathDAISY is a software application that supports the conversion of Microsoft Word
documents containing math and science notation into MathML-compatible DAISY
books. MathDAISY works in conjunction with MathType and the Save As DAISY plug-in
to convert equations within Microsoft Word documents into DAISY books that can
visually render and speak mathematical equations.
MathDAISY itself does not require any configuration or modification in order to create
the DAISY book; rather it is a required component that is invoked when using the Save
as DAISY plug-in. Additionally, it is necessary to ensure that the equations within the
Microsoft Word document have been created using MathType in order to ensure the
proper conversion to the DAISY format.
Using the Save As DAISY Plug‐In The Save As DAISY plug-in may be downloaded from the DAISY Consortium website
(http://www.daisy.org/project/save-as-daisy-microsoft-word-add-in). If you have
previously installed an earlier version of the Save As DAISY plug-in, you will first need
to uninstall that version before continuing with the installation of the most recent version.
The Save As DAISY plug-in will add a new ribbon to the Microsoft Word interface called
"Accessibility". This ribbon provides the various tools to creating a DAISY or DAISY
XML book.
Example: Creating a DAISY Book 1. Create a new Microsoft Word document.
2. In the Accessibility ribbon, press the Import button to add all the DAISY styles
to the Microsoft Word style menu.
3. Add the desired content, using the Microsoft Word Styles menu to markup the
appropriate text information. If authoring math content, use MathType to add the
appropriate math and science notation. If using images, add text descriptions to
the relevant images.
4. Save the document.
5. In the Accessibility ribbon, press the Validate button to assess the validity of the
document for conversion to the DAISY format.
6. In the Accessibility ribbon, press Save As DAISY > Full DAISY > Narrator to
DTbook to DAISY. This will create a DAISY book with the computer's default
voice.
You will be prompted to select the output directory as well as set the document
properties, including the title of the file and creator. Generally speaking, the title field
would be the title of the book or document and the creator field would be the author(s)
of the book.
Press "Translate" to begin the process of converting the MS Word document into a fulltext/full-audio DAISY book. If MathDAISY has been installed and if there are any
MathType objects in the MS Word document, then the result will be a DAISY book with
MathML support. Playback of a DAISY book with MathML requires a compatible DAISY
player. As of this document, the two software players that support this formatting
includes the Easy Reader player (Dolphin Computer Access) and Read Hear (ghaccessibility).
Infty OCR and Editing Tools Application Details •
•
•
URL: http://www.inftyproject.org/en/software.html
Cost:
o InftyReader $800 including license to install on two PCs
ChattyInfty $400 including license to install on two PCs
InftyReader + ChattyInfty Bundle $1000 Including licenses for two PC’s
Operating Systems: Mac OS X 10.3 and later; Microsoft Windows XP, Vista,
Windows 7
Introduction InftyReader is an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) application that recognizes and
translates STEM documents into LaTeX, MathML and XHTML. InftyReader can
recognize tables including math expressions in the cells so long as the ruled lines are
not broken. InftyReader incorporates the use of three OCR engines.
ChattyInfty is a talking math editor. It can export files into the following formats: LaTeX,
HTML, MathML, Human Readable TeX (HrTeX), Word 2007, Spoken Text (entire
document, current paragraph and selected text), and Word XML. The program can
Import files of the following types: LaTeX, image file (TIF, BMP, GIF, and PNG),
Scanner, and PDF file.
ChattyInfty is an extended version of InftyEditor with a plug-in speech interface to output
in voice the content of editing data by InftyEditor including math expressions,
accordingly to the cursor movement. It is an editor of math documents with voice output,
usable by people with visually impairments.
InftyEditor is an authoring tool for mathematical documents. It provides the functionality
needed to create and edit mathematical expressions.
Other required components (no cost): LaTeX Tool kit : http://www.inftyproject.org/download/TeXInstaller25.zip
Required for LaTeX capabilities in Infty software
Math Fonts: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Mozilla_MathML_Project/Fonts
Required for proper display of MathML symbology
Using InftyReader Source File Requirements: • 600 DPI for best results, 400 DPI files will work as well but the results will be
impacted.
• All input files must be black and white only. InftyReader will fail if any color or
grayscale content is processed.
• PDF and TIFF files are processed with equal recognition quality.
Program Usage Recommendations: • Scan hard copy materials to either PDF or TIFF format at 600DPI, Binary
• Our recommendation is to scan to PDF to provide the ability to modify the output
file with the Acrobat tools if needed.
• Some issues have been noted with the processing of files, it is currently the
recommendation that each output file be placed in its own empty folder.
• The size of the source file seriously impacts InftyReader. Chapter size files are
the maximum that should be attempted. The program appears to work most
effectively with 20-30 page source files.
• Be aware of the character path name limitations inherent in non Windows
operating systems. Some issues have presented themselves when long file
names are used in both the input and output file name.
• In the processing of the document with Infty all structural layout will be lost and
have to be edited back
Capture Perfect Settings: (other scanners will be similar) PDF Setting (Ideally no compression is desirable)
Adjust language setting if necessary
Scanner Properties Settings InftyReader Settings •
•
•
These are the recommended settings if the output document is going to be edited
in MS Word 2007 or 2003. This process has been validated with Word 2003 and
Word 2007. It currently does not work with Word 2010.
For a document that is going to be edited in OpenOffice then the recommended
setting would be XHTML(MathML).
If the document is going to be edited in ChattyInfty or InftyEditor then IML is the
required output format.
Exporting to MS Word •
•
Once the source file is processed with InftyReader, you are ready to bring the
document into MS Word.
Open MS Word and then open the file intended to be edited. We always
recommend you start the target application and then open the file. This is to
insure that all the necessary plugins and secondary applications are loaded prior
to opening the document.
Select the MathType Ribbon Convert Equations Settings Once the conversion process is completed you are now ready to edit the document and
insure that all of the equation elements are the same as in the original source materials.
MathType
Publisher:
Design Science, Inc.
4028 Broadway Ave.
Long Beach, CA 90803
USA
http://www.dessci.com/en/
Phone: 562-433-0685
FAX: 562-433-6969
General Information:
[email protected]
Retail Cost:
Full Price (Academic): $57.00
Upgrade Price (Academic): $37.00
Check with Design Science for site license pricing if order is greater then 5 units
System Requirements:



Microsoft Windows XP, 2000, Me, 98 SE or Apple Macintosh OS 9 or OS X
10 to 20 MB hard disk space
CD-ROM drive (can also download from Internet)
Description
Design Science MathType™ for Windows and Macintosh is a powerful interactive
tool that will revolutionize the way you create print and web-based documents that
contain math. MathType works with any word processor, presentation program,
page layout program, HTML-authoring tool, plus other types of software, to create
equations for research papers, class materials, web pages, slide presentations,
journal articles and books.
MathType provides several options for creating accessible math content. MathType
can export mathematical expressions as images (GIF, PNG, etc.) or as MathML
content. Web content can also be created from MS Word using the MathPage
export function. Math equations created using the MathPage export are recognized
by screen-reader technologies and read to the individual. Additionally, if using
Internet Explorer, the MathPlayer plug-in provides the Web page with the capacity to
“speak” the equation.
Creating Math Equations for the Web
To create mathematical equations for the Web, it is first necessary to input the
equations using MathType (in MS Word). Once the mathematical expressions have
been entered into MS Word, there are several options for exporting the content in a
Web-ready format.
Exporting a Web page for Internet Explorer:
1. Choose MathType from the menu bar and choose Export to MathPage.
2. In the Title field, enter a title for the Web page. You can also select where the
resulting file will be placed.
3. Select the radio button marked MathML using: and choose the MathPlayer (IE
behavior) option from the drop-down list.
4. Select OK. MathType will then export the file and open the Web page within the
Internet Explorer browser.
NOTE – You may receive an error message in IE that says Internet Explorer has
restricted this file from showing active content. Click in the message and choose the
option Allow Blocked Content and then select Yes. This will allow the math
content to be displayed with the MathPlayer.
Exporting a Web page for multi-browser functionality:
3. Uncheck the checkbox Display in default browser.
4. Select the radio button marked MathML using: and choose the XHTML +
MathML option from the drop-down list.
5. Select OK.
MathType will create a .xht file that contains all the page information with
mathematical content. You will need to create a hyperlink to this .xht file in order to
view the relevant mathematical expressions using a Web browser.
NOTE – It is recommended to choose the “Exporting a Web page for multi-browser
functionality:” option in order to best serve the widest audience possible. This will
allow individuals using specialized assistive computer technology to access the
necessary math content as well as provide options to individuals using non-IE Web
browsers (e.g., FireFox, Mozilla).
Considerations
When creating mathematical expressions for the Web, it is important to remember
the following guidelines.
If you are exporting MathType content using the “MathPlayer (IE behavior)” option,
then individuals will be able to view the content only with the Internet Explorer
browser.
If you are exporting MathType content using “XHTML+MathML” option, then
individuals will be able to view the content with either Internet Explorer, Netscape 7,
or Mozilla/FireFox.
It will be necessary to download the appropriate MathML fonts for Netscape 7+ and
Mozilla/FireFox. You can download the appropriate MathML fonts at:
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/mathml/fonts . The “Font Installer” is located in the
right sidebar of the page.
Internet Explorer may not be able to view the Web page with the .xht extension if the
file resides on the computer. If you upload the .xht file (and appropriate folder) to
your Web server, then you will be able to view the Web page with your preferred
browser (i.e., Internet Explorer, Mozilla/Firefox, Netscape 7+). You will need to
ensure that your Web server can serve documents with the extension .xht. This can
be accomplished by setting the appropriate MIME-type for your Web server. For
more information, please visit:
http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/author/creatingpages.htm
Creating Math Equations for Scientific Notebook
Scientific Notebook now allows the importing of RTF documents containing
mathematical expressions created using MathType. This process is useful if the
final content is to be embossed as Nemeth Braille. To import math equations into
Scientific Notebook, it is necessary for content to originally be created in MS Word
using MathType and saved in a .RTF format. From within Scientific Notebook, it is
possible to import the .RTF document and prepare the information for embossing.
MathType also provides an option to copy an equation from the MathType authoring
tool directly into Scientific Notebook. It is necessary to choose the translation type
before moving a MathType expression into Scientific Notebook.
1. Open the MathType equation editor and compose a mathematical equation.
2. Select Preferences from the menu bar and choose Translators.
3. Choose the radio button marked Translation to other language (text). Choose the
translator in the drop-down list that corresponds to the output of your choice. For
Scientific Notebook, you may choose any one of the “Tex” translators.
4. Select OK.
5. Select the equation you wish to copy into Scientific Notebook and choose Copy
(under Edit on the menu bar).
6. Switch to Scientific Notebook and select Edit from the menu bar. Choose Paste
Special. You will need to select the Text format and the radio button marked
Internal Format.
7. Select OK. You may need to clean up part of the equation in order to ensure the
entire equation is recognized as “math”, however, your equation should now be
usable from within Scientific Notebook.
MathType and DotsPlus
In order to print mathematical content in the Dots Plus format, it is necessary to use
the Tiger font (from View Plus Technologies), and the MathType editor. Math
equations can be created in MS Word from MathType. When the document is ready
to be printed to the Tiger embosser (from MS Word), the user needs to select the
Tiger font. This will allow for content to be properly embossed in the Dots Plus
format. For more information on the Tiger embosser, visit:
http://www.viewplus.com/
Resizing Equations in MathType
“Design Science Technical Support” <[email protected]> 2/26/2007
Good afternoon,
The process for [enlarging equations] is essentially a 2-part process. You would first
use MathType to create a “Preference” file and then apply that preference to the
existing Word document. Here’s what you do.
Making a preference file:
1. Open MathType on its own.
2. From the Size Menu choose Define
3. The very top size category is called “Full” this is what all the others follow so you’d
only have to change this one. Set it to 24 point.
Click OK.
4. From the Preferences menu choose Equation Preferences/Save to file.
5. Name and save the file in the default location.
6. Close MathType.
Note, you can make as many preference files as you like. Call them, 24point, 36
point, etc.
Applying the preference file
1. Open the Word document
2. From the MathType menu in Word choose Format equations 3. In the resulting
dialog, click the radio button next to MathType preference file then click the browse
button.
4. Find the preference file you want and double click to select it.
5. Click ok.
This will apply the size attributes saved in the preference file to each MathType
equation in the document and end with a dialog that tells you how many objects
were changed. Done!
Thank you,
Karl Valentine-Rothenberg
Technical Support
140 Pine Avenue, 4th Floor
Long Beach, California 90802
USA
Tel: (562) 432-2920
Fax: (562) 432-2857
[email protected]
www.dessci.com
Many commonly reported problems are addressed on our website. You may view
our Technical Support Notices at http://dessci.com/en/support/support/tncentral.htm
MathTalk
Publisher:
Metroplex Voice Computing, Inc.
P. O. Box121984
Arlington, Texas 76012
fax: 817-543-1103
email: [email protected]
Retail Cost:
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook: $295
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook and Dragon Preferred: $495
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook and Dragon Pro: $1020
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





Dragon Naturally Speaking 7.0 & 8.0 & 9.0
1.5 MHZ PC; * Intel Pentium 4 for Dragon 9.0
1GB free hard disk space for Dragon 9.0
Microsoft Windows XP (SP1 or higher) Home and professional, 2000 (SP4 or higher)
for Dragon 9.0
SoundBlaster or compatible soundcard
512 MB RAM minimum; * recommended 1 GIG RAM for Dragon 9.0
Microsoft Internet Explorer v.5 or higher (free download from www.microsoft.com)
CD-ROM drive for installation
Web connection is required for activation
Description
MathTalk can be used with Scientific Notebook and Dragon NaturallySpeaking to
allow hands-free entry of math equations on the computer.
Product demos are available on their Web site:
http://www.metroplexvoice.com/demos.htm
LaTeX
Publisher:
Varies: numerous free editors
Retail Cost:
Numerous free editors and others at low cost
Varies: some editors are cross-platform, at least one is Web-based.
TEX is a typesetting language created by Donald E. Knuth; it has extensive
capabilities to typeset math. LATEX is an extension of TEX designed by Leslie
Lamport; its major features include a strong focus on document structure and the
logical markup of text; automatic numbering and cross-referencing. The term LaTeX
refers only to the language in which documents are written, not to the text editor
itself. In order to create a document in LaTeX, a .tex file must be created using some
form of text editor. While many text editors work, many people prefer to use one of
several editors designed specifically for working with LaTeX.
There are a number of these editors available for free.





Led: http://www.latexeditor.org/
Texmaker: http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/ (cross-platform)
Keynote: http://evolve.lse.ac.uk/software/EquationEditor/ (Apple)
AMS-LaTeX: http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html
Web-based: http://www.monkeytex.com/
The American Mathematical Society has a free PDF manual available online for
learning LaTeX:

http://tex.loria.fr/general/mil.pdf
Web-based LaTex resource:
http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/LaTeX/AoPS_L_About.php
To help you get a general idea of LaTeX, I copied an example from Wikipedia.
The example below shows the LaTeX input:
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\title{\LaTeX}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle \LaTeX{} is a document preparation system for the \TeX{}
typesetting program. It offers programmable desktop publishing
features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of
typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and
cross-referencing, tables and figures, page layout, bibliographies,
and much more. \LaTeX{} was originally written in 1984 by Leslie
Lamport and has become the dominant method for using \TeX; few
people write in plain \TeX{} anymore. The current version is
\LaTeXe.
\newline
% This is a comment, it is not shown in the final output.
% The following shows a little of the typesetting power of LaTeX
\begin{eqnarray}
E &=& mc^2
\\
m &=& \frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{document}
This input would produce the following LaTeX output:
Because LaTeX is created completely with text-based commands, the underlying
source code is readable with a screenreader. Many blind mathematicians and blind
higher-math students work in LaTeX directly and then use the LaTeX editor to print
out well-formatted math equations for their instructors.
Scientific Notebook
Publisher:
MacKichan Software
http://www.mackichan.com/
19307 8th Avenue
Suite C
Poulsbo, WA 98370-7370
Phone: 360-394-6033
FAX: 360-394-6039
For customer service:
[email protected]
Retail Cost:




Microsoft Windows® XP, 2000, Me, 98, or NT 4.0 or Apple Macintosh® running an
emulator program such as Virtual PC™
64 MB of RAM
70 to 250 MB hard disk space, depending on the type of hard drive and the
installation options selected
CD-ROM drive
Description
Scientific Notebook is a math “word-processor” allowing authors to integrate
mathematical expressions, text content, and graphics into one document. Using the
computer algebra engine MuPad 2.5, Scientific Notebook provides the flexibility to
not only create mathematical expressions, but also solve equations within the
document itself. Scientific Notebook also provides the capability to compute
symbolically or numerically, integrate, differentiate, and solve algebraic and
differential equations. With menu commands, you can create 2-D and 3-D plots in
many styles and coordinate systems; import data from graphing calculators; and
compute with over 150 units of physical measure.
Scientific Notebook now allows exporting in RTF, MathML, and HTML as well as
reading MathType mathematics by importing RTF documents. Previous features
including LaTex and PDF support are also included in Scientific Notebook.
Scientific Notebook Shortcut Keys
Note: When working in Scientific Notebook, go to View > Toolbars and turn on the
Standard, Math Templates, Symbol Panels, and Tag toolbars.
To enter
Press
Toggle math/text
Ctrl+m or Ctrl+t or Insert
Fraction
Ctrl+f or Ctrl+/ or Ctrl+1
Radical
Ctrl+r or Ctrl+2
Superscript
Ctrl+h or Ctrl+ up arrow or Ctrl+3
Subscript
Ctrl+l or Ctrl+down arrow or Ctrl+4
Integral
Ctrl+i or Ctrl+8
Summation
Ctrl+7
Brackets
Ctrl+9 or Ctrl+0 or Ctrl+( or Ctrl+)
Square brackets
Ctrl+[ or Ctrl+] or Ctrl+6
Angle brackets
Ctrl+<
Braces
Ctrl+{ or Ctrl+}
To enter
Press
Display
Ctrl+d
Product
Ctrl+p
Absolute value
Ctrl+\
Norm
Ctrl+| (Ctrl+Shift+\)
Required space
Ctrl+spacebar
Nonbreaking space
Shift+spacebar
Thin space
Ctrl+,
Thick space
Ctrl+Shift+spacebar
“ (double open quote)
Single open quote (`) twice
“ (double close quote)
Single close quote (`) twice
- (intraword dash or hyphen)
Hyphen (-)
-- (en dash)
Hyphen (-) two times
--- (em dash)
Hyphen (-) three times
- (discretionary hyphen)
Ctrl+ -- (Ctrl + hyphen two times)
¿
? followed by ` (open single quote)
¡
! followed by ` (open single quote)
Hint: Scientific Notebook does not normally allow you to use the space bar in equations. You
can use keyboard shortcuts to enter spaces:
CTRL + spacebar = required space
SHIFT + spacebar = nonbreaking space
CTRL + SHIFT + spacebar = thick space
MathType to Scientific Notebook
- Open MS Word and create equations with MathType
- Set the MathType Translator to the following: Tex – LaTex 2.09 or Later (located
under Preferences > Translators)
- Double-click on the equation to open in the MathType window and then select the
entire equation
- Copy the equation (Ctrl+C)
- Open Scientific Notebook and choose Edit > Paste Special
- Choose Text > Internal Format
That should paste the equation into Sci. Notebook correctly. You *might* need to
ensure that the equation is rendered in red (as this marks it as Math content), but it
should come across correctly.
Exporting Graphs to Word
We need to adjust the settings so that the graph does not have a frame, axes are
not labeled, and tick marks are not numbered. We will add numbers and labels in the
Braille font in Word.
(Note: If you do not have the Braille font, you can download it for free from Duxbury:
http://www.duxburysystems.com/.)
Once you have created your graph, right click on it and choose Properties. Set the
Axes so that tick labeling is disabled (check the disable tick labeling option).
Set the layout to “plot only” so that there is no bounding frame around the graph.
Under Item Plotted, set line thickness to medium.
Select and copy the graphic and copy it. Open Microsoft Word and paste the graphic
by going to Edit > Paste Special > Picture.
With the graphic in Word, enter the Braille labels in text boxes (26 point Braille font,
no line around the boxes).
y
x
Overview of Math Accommodations
High Tech Center Training Unit
of the California Community Colleges at the
Foothill-De Anza Community College District
21050 McClellan Road
Cupertino, CA 95014
(408) 996-4636
www.htctu.net
URL to our CC license:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/
Creative Commons website:
http://creativecommons.org
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW OF MATH ACCOMMODATIONS................................................................................ I TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................. II COUNTING....................................................................................................................... 1 MANIPULATIVES ............................................................................................................. 8 MATH WINDOW ............................................................................................................ 10 MATH BRAILLE ............................................................................................................. 15 AUDIO GRAPHING CALCULATOR ................................................................................. 22 PIAF (PICTURES IN A FLASH) ....................................................................................... 25 MATHTYPE ................................................................................................................... 26 MATHTALK ................................................................................................................... 31 LATEX .......................................................................................................................... 33 SCIENTIFIC NOTEBOOK ................................................................................................ 35 Overview of Math Accommodations
ii
10/27/2011
Counting
Chisenbop Finger Counting
Chisenbop is a method of doing basic arithmetic using your fingers. It is attributed to the
Korean tradition, but it is probably extrememly old, as the soroban and abacus use very
similar methods. Probably these other devices were derived from finger counting.
For more information on Chisenbop, try one of the following sites:
http://klingon.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/chis/chis.html
http://www.mathematicsmagazine.com/5-2003/Chisenbop_5_2003.htm
http://mathforum.org/library/view/7129.html
Counting
—The tutorial below is from the following site: http://klingon.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/chis/chis.html
The key to finger math is understanding how to count. The right hand stands for the values
zero through nine. Each digit counts as one, and the thumb counts as five. Here’s an
illustration:
0
1
2
3
4
As you can see, digits 0 through four are pretty self explanatory. The thumb counts as five,
so here’s how to represent five through nine:
5
6
7
8
1
9
4/14/2010
The left hand represents multiples of ten, with the right thumb representing 50. Here’s how
the left hand works:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
**************************
Abacus
The abacus is an ancient calculator and still very useful for persons whose ability to write
mathematics may be limited.
The PBS site below www.pbs.org/teachersource/mathline/concepts/asia/activity1.shtm) is a
good source for more information and teaching ideas about the abacus, as is Abacus: Mystery
of the Bead (http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/pages.htm#Soroban1)
The Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired site (www.tsbvi.edu/Education/
abacus.htm) has quite a bit of abacus information. The TSBVI site is also a very good
general resource for teaching math to blind students.
Displaying Numbers on the Japanese Abacus
—The following is taken from the PBS Teacher Source Web site:
http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/mathline/concepts/asia/activity1.shtm
When you show a number on the abacus, you move beads to the crossbar. When beads are
moved away from the crossbar, they are canceled. For example, when a lower bead is
canceled, it is lowered from the crossbar and an upper bead is canceled when it is raised from
the crossbar. Remember the upper bead represents five units and each lower bead equals one
unit.
Let’s show 63 on the abacus.
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4/14/2010
* Go to the ten’s place. Lower an upper bead to the cross bar. This represents 50. Move one
lower bead up to the crossbar. This shows 60.
* Move to the one’s column and move 3 lower beads up to the cross bar. This shows 63 (60 +
3 = 63).
Let’s show 672 on the abacus.
* Move to the hundred’s column. How many beads should you lower and/or raise to
represent 600?
* Move to the ten’s column. How many beads should you lower and/or raise to represent 70?
* Move to the one’s column. How beads should you lower and/or raise to represent 2?
Your abacus should look like this picture.
The Japanese Soroban Abacus
Taken from http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/pages.htm#Soroban1
Simple addition & subtraction
When using a soroban to solve problems of addition and subtraction, the process
can often be quite straightforward and easy to understand. In each of the six
examples below beads are either added or subtracted as needed.
Simple Addition
3
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Simple Subtraction
But what happens when an operator is presented with a situation where rods don’t
contain enough beads to complete addition or subtraction problems in a simple,
straightforward manner? This is where the real fun begins. In the next section we’ll
see how the use of complementary numbers and a process of mechanization allows
an operator to add or subtract sets of numbers with lightning speed.
COMPLEMENTARY NUMBERS
A Process of Thoughtlessness
In competent hands, a soroban is a very powerful and efficient calculating tool. Much
of its speed is attributed to the concept of mechanization. The idea is to minimize
mental work as much as possible and to perform the task of adding and subtracting
beads mechanically, without thought or hesitation. In a sense to develop a process
of thoughtlessness. With this in mind, one technique employed by the operator is the
use of complementary numbers with respect to 5 and 10.

In the case of 5, the operator uses two groups of complementary numbers:
4 & 1 and 3 & 2.

In the case of 10, the operator uses five groups of complementary numbers:
9 & 1, 8 & 2, 7 & 3, 6 & 4, 5 & 5.
With time and practice using complementary numbers becomes effortless and
mechanical. Once these techniques are learned, a good operator has little difficulty
in keeping up with (even surpassing) someone doing the same addition and
subtraction work on an electronic calculator.
The following examples illustrate how complementary numbers are used to help
solve problems of addition and subtraction. In all cases try not to think beforehand
what the answer to a problem will be. Learn these simple techniques and and you’ll
be amazed at how quickly and easily correct answers materialize, even when
problems contain large strings of numbers.
4
4/14/2010
Addition
In addition, always subtract the complement.
Add: 4 + 8 = 12
Set 4 on rod B.
Add 8.
Because rod B doesn’t have 8 available, use the complementary number.
The complementary number for 8 with respect to 10 is 2.
Therefore, subtract 2 from 4 on rod B and carry 1 to tens rod A.
This leaves the answer 12. (Fig.8)
4 + 8 = 12 becomes 4 - 2 + 10 = 12
Similar exercises:
4+7
4+6
3+7
2+9
9+9
9+8
8+9
8+8
3+9
2+8
9+7
8+7
4+9
3+8
1+9
9+6
7+9
Fig.8
Add: 6 + 7 = 13
Set 6 on rod B.
Add 7.
Once again subtract the complement because rod B doesn’t have the required
beads.
Therefore, subtract 3 from 6 on rod B and carry 1 to tens rod A.
This leaves the answer 13. (Fig.9)
6 + 7 = 13 becomes 6 - 5 + 2 + 10 = 13
Similar exercises:
5+7
5+8
6+8
7+6
5+9
7+7
Fig.9
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4/14/2010
5+6
6+6
8+6
Subtraction
In subtraction, always add the complement.
Subtract: 11 - 7 = 4
Set 11 on rods AB.
Subtract 7.
Since rod B only carries a value of 1 use the complement .
(Please note: In subtraction the order of working the rods is different from that of
addition.)
Begin by subtracting 1 from the tens rod on A,
then add the complementary 3 to rod B to equal 4. (Fig.10)
11 - 7 = 4 becomes 11 - 10 + 3 = 4
Similar exercises:
10-7
10-8
11-9
12-8
15-9
15-8
16-9
16-8
10-6
11-8
13-9
15-6
17-9
10-9
12-9
15-7
16-7
Fig.10
Subtract: 13 - 6 = 7
Set 13 on rods AB.
Subtract 6.
Use the complement again.
In this case, the complementary number for 6 with respect to 10 is 4.
Begin by subtracting 1 from the tens rod on A,
then add the complementary 4 to rod B to equal 7. (Fig.11)
13 - 6 = 7 becomes 13 - 10 + 5 - 1 = 7
Similar exercises:
12-6
12-7
14-6
14-7
11-6
13-8
14-9
13-7
14-8
Fig.11
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The Order of the Rod
This is where students new to soroban can make mistakes. In each of the above
examples the operation involves using two rods, a complementary number and a
carry over from one rod to another. Notice the order of operation.
For Addition
1. First subtract the complement from the rod on the right.
2. Then add a bead to the rod on the left.
For Subtraction
1. First subtract a bead from the rod on the left.
2. Then add the complement to the rod on the right.
This is the most efficient order of operation. When attention is finished on one rod
the operator moves on to the next. There is no back and forth between rods. This
saves time.
7
4/14/2010
Manipulatives
Publisher:
The American Printing House for the Blind, Inc.
www.aph.org
1839 Frankfort Avenue
P.O. Box 6085
Louisville, Kentucky 40206-0085
Phone: 800-223-1839
Fax: 502-899-2274
[email protected]
Products:

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Braille rulers and yardsticks
Braille and large-print protractor
Brannan Cubarithm slate and cubes rubber frame only
Brannan Cubarithm slate and cubes plastic cubes only
Cranmer abacus
Cranmer abacus: optional coupler
Embossed graph sheets
Fractional parts of wholes set
Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit
Graphic aid for mathematics (rubber/cork board)
Graphic art tape (for making lines on cork boards)
Metric-English measurement ruler with caliper slide
Number lines
Orion TI-34 Talking Calculator
Description:
APH carries many products to assist persons who are blind or visually impaired. Check also
for such products as TalkingTyper (to teach keyboarding) and APHont (a free font designed
for low vision users).
*****************
Publisher:
Maxi-Aids, Inc.
www.maxiaids.com
8
4/14/2010
42 Executive Blvd.
Farmingdale, NY 11735
Phone: 800-223-1839
Fax: 1-631-752-0689
on-line form
Retail Costs:
Magnetic Alphaboard
Item#: 17825
Price: $15.95
Raised Line Drawing Kit (Sewell)
Item#: 2053406
Price: $28.95
Replacement Sheets (about 70 sheets)
Item#: 2022801
Price: $5.99
Description:
Maxi Aids carries a wide range of products of interest to persons with various disabilities.
You can order on-line.
9
4/14/2010
Math Window
Publisher:
Wolf Products
www.mathwindow.com
106 Purvis Road
Butler, PA 16001
Phone: 724-285-5428
[email protected]
Retail Cost:
Braille basic kit: $120.00
Braille algebra add-on: $65.00
Braille geometry kit: $400
Large print basic math: $140
Large print algebra add-on: $90
Description:
Math Window consists of a magnetic board and tiles that allow blind students to build and
solve math problems. The tiles combine printed numerals and symbols for the sighted
instructor, along with Nemeth Code for the blind student. Math problems can be configured
in the same linear or vertical forms that sighted students are taught.
The Math Window Algebra Add-On Kit contains all the letters, symbols, and operations
needed for students to understand and progress through high school algebra.
Sighted tutors can use Math Window with very little instruction, and Braille-readers can
construct their own math equations.
How to construct a problem
Math Window is designed for ease in locating and moving the pieces so the student can
quickly construct and solve a problem. Rather than picking up each piece and placing it in
the desired location, we recommend sliding the pieces from place to place.
Linear Arrangement
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division:
10
4/14/2010
Slide the first numeral of the problem into an empty section of the Window. Next, slide the
operation sign into position, followed by the second numeral in the problem. Place the equal
sign after the last numeral, and the problem is ready to solve.
Spatial Arrangement
Addition and Subtraction:
Slide the first numeral into an empty section of the Window. Next, slide the second numeral
under the first. The addition sign or subtraction sign is located in front of the last numeral,
in the next space to the left of the outermost column. A separation line is then slid in place
under the problem. (The separation lines vary in length to accommodate the variety in
problems being solved.)
Multiplication:
Similar to addition and subtraction, except the multiplication sign is located directly in front
of the multiplier.
Division:
The division symbol is placed between the divisor and the dividend. A separation line
is slid above the dividend and begins in the same column the division symbol is located.
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When solving a division problem, we recommend teaching the student to “bring numerals
down” within the problem by sliding numerals from the outside perimeter of the window and
placing them directly below their respective numerals in the dividend. Do not slide numerals
from the dividend. This can lead to confusion when working larger problems.
How to construct fractions
Simple Fractions
Mixed Numbers
Complex fractions
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Math Braille
Nemeth
The primary system of math Braille in the United States is Nemeth. Nemeth Braille was
developed by Dr. Abraham Nemeth in the 1940s, originally for his personal use, and was
adopted officially into the Braille code in 1952 by the Braille Authority of North America
(BANA).
Nemeth Braille uses the standard Braille symbols to convey mathematics and can be used
from the most basic to the highest levels of math. Because it uses the same 63 cells that make
up literary Braille, it can be used with refreshable Braille displays.
The downside with Nemeth is that it is extremely complex, expensive to produce, and
difficult to read. Braille users who did not learn Nemeth as part of their K–12 education
rarely become proficient in its use.
DotsPlus
In the 1990s, Dr. John Gardner developed the DotsPlus system for rendering math into a
combination of Braille and graphical symbols.
Dr. Gardner, who lost his vision later in life, found Nemeth cumbersome and difficult to
learn. As a working physicist who had spent much of his life doing math visually, he also
wanted to maintain the spatial information inherent in standard print mathematics.
DotsPlus looks much like print math and is not hard for a Braille reader or a sighted
teacher/tutor to learn to read.
The combination of symbols and Braille makes printing DotsPlus somewhat challenging. To
solve this problem, Dr. Gardner developed the Tiger embosser, which remains the only way
to emboss DotsPlus math.
Number Systems Compared
System
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
literary
⠼⠁
⠼⠃
⠼⠉
⠼⠙
⠼⠑
⠼⠋
⠼⠛
⠼⠓
⠼⠊
⠼⠚
Nemeth
⠼⠂
⠼⠆
⠼⠒
⠼⠲
⠼⠢
⠼⠖
⠼⠶
⠼⠦
⠼⠔
⠼⠴
DotsPlus
⠡
⠣
⠩
⠹
⠱
⠫
⠻
⠳
⠪
⠬
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4/14/2010
Nemeth Code Cheat Sheet
Meaning
Braille Sign
Braille Example
Print
Meaning
0
⠴
⠼⠴
0
1
⠂
⠼⠂
1
2
⠆
⠼⠆
2
3
⠒
⠼⠒
3
4
⠲
⠼⠲
4
5
⠢
⠼⠢
5
6
⠖
⠼⠖
6
7
⠶
⠼⠶
7
8
⠦
⠼⠦
8
9
⠔
⠼⠔
9
baseline indicator
⠐
⠼⠆⠭⠘⠆⠐⠽
2x2y
brackets closing
⠈⠾
⠈⠷⠼⠴⠈⠾
[0]
brackets opening
⠈⠷
⠈⠷⠼⠴⠈⠾
[0]
Capital sign
⠠
⠠⠁⠇⠛⠑⠃⠗⠁
Algebra
cent sign
⠈⠉
⠼⠢⠴⠈⠉
50¢
comma
⠠
⠼⠂⠠⠦⠔⠶
1,897
curly brackets closing
⠨⠾
⠨⠷⠼⠴⠨⠾
{0}
curly brackets opening
⠨⠷
⠨⠷⠼⠴⠨⠾
{0}
decimal point
⠨
⠼⠔⠦⠨⠖
98.6
divided by
⠨⠌
⠼⠦⠨⠌⠆
8÷2
dollar sign
⠈⠎
⠈⠎⠼⠂⠴
$10
dot (multiplication)
⠡
⠼⠢⠡⠖
5*6
English-letter indicator (lower case)
⠰
⠰⠁
A
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4/14/2010
Meaning
Braille Sign
Braille Example
Print
Meaning
English-letter indicator (upper case)
⠰
⠰⠠⠁
A
equals
⠨⠅
⠭ ⠨⠅ ⠼⠲
x=4
fraction indicator closing
⠼
⠹⠂⠌⠂⠴⠼
1
10
fraction indicator opening
⠹
⠹⠢⠌⠦⠼
5
8
fraction line
⠌
⠹⠂⠌⠒⠼
1
3
fraction: bi-level diagonal-slash
⠸⠌
⠹⠂⠸⠌⠲⠼
¼
fraction: closing mixed-number
fraction indicator
⠸⠼
⠼⠂⠸⠹⠼⠂⠌⠆⠸⠼
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
fraction: complex fraction modifier
⠠
⠠⠹⠹⠂⠌⠆⠼⠠⠌⠹⠒⠌⠲⠼⠠⠼
fraction: diagonal-slash fraction bar
⠸⠌
⠼⠂⠸⠌⠲
1/4
fraction: horizontal fraction bar
⠌
⠹⠂⠌⠲⠼
1
4
fraction: opening mixed-number
fraction indicator
⠸⠹
⠼⠂⠸⠹⠼⠂⠸⠌⠆⠸⠼
1 1/2
greater than
⠨⠂
⠼⠶ ⠨⠂ ⠼⠲
7>4
Greek-letter indicator (lower case)
⠨
⠨⠙
δ
Greek-letter indicator (upper case)
⠨
⠨⠠⠙
Δ
grouping symbols
⠠⠄
less than
⠐⠅
⠼⠆ ⠐⠅ ⠼⠖
2<6
long division
minus
⠒⠒⠒⠒
⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒
⠕
⠂⠖⠕⠲⠲⠦
⠤
⠼⠖⠤⠆
17
16 448
6–2
4/14/2010
Meaning
Braille Sign
Braille Example
Print
Meaning
mixed number indicator closing
⠸⠼
⠼⠆⠸⠹⠼⠒⠸⠌⠲⠸⠼
2 3/4
mixed number indicator opening
⠸⠹
⠼⠒⠸⠹⠼⠆⠸⠌⠢⠸⠼
3 2/5
not equal to
⠌⠨⠅
⠼⠦⠤⠂ ⠌⠨⠅ ⠼⠔
8-1≠9
numeric indicator
⠼
⠼⠒⠲⠢⠖
3456
parenthesis closing
⠾
⠷⠼⠴⠾
(0)
parenthesis opening
⠷
⠷⠼⠴⠾
(0)
percent
⠈⠴
⠼⠢⠴⠈⠴
50%
plus
⠬
⠼⠶⠬⠔
7+9
punctuation indicator
⠸
⠼⠢⠸⠒⠼⠲⠢
5:45
⠢⠢
separation line
⠒⠒⠒⠒
⠬ ⠖
55
+6
⠒⠒⠒⠒
subscript indicator
superscript indicator
times sign (cross)
⠰
⠘
⠈⠡
18
⠭⠰⠑
xe
⠉⠘⠆
c2
⠧⠘⠁⠘⠘⠆
va
⠼⠂⠈⠡⠒
1x3
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Greek Letters in Braille, Math Context
Letter Name
Upper Case
Lower Case
alpha
A
α
beta
B
β
gamma
Γ
γ
delta
Δ
δ
epsilon
Ε
ε
zeta
Ζ
ζ
eta
Η
η
theta
Θ
θ
iota
Ι
ι
kappa
Κ
κ
lambda
Λ
λ
mu
Μ
μ
nu
Ν
ν
xi
Ξ
ξ
omicron
Ο
ο
pi
Π
π
rho
Ρ
ρ
sigma
Σ
σ
tau
Τ
τ
upsilon
Υ
υ
phi
Φ
φ
chi
Χ
χ
psi
Ψ
ψ
omega
Ω
ω
Greek-letter indicator
Capital sign
Braille Upper Case
Braille Lower Case
⠨⠠⠁
⠨⠠⠃
⠨⠠⠉
⠨⠠⠙
⠨⠠⠑
⠨⠠⠵
⠨⠠⠱
⠨⠠⠹
⠨⠠⠊
⠨⠠⠅
⠨⠠⠇
⠨⠠⠍
⠨⠠⠝
⠨⠠⠭
⠨⠠⠕
⠨⠠⠏
⠨⠠⠗
⠨⠠⠎
⠨⠠⠞
⠨⠠⠥
⠨⠠⠋
⠨⠠⠯
⠨⠠⠽
⠨⠠⠺
⠨⠁
⠨⠃
⠨⠉
⠨⠙
⠨⠑
⠨⠵
⠨⠱
⠨⠹
⠨⠊
⠨⠅
⠨⠇
⠨⠍
⠨⠝
⠨⠭
⠨⠕
⠨⠏
⠨⠗
⠨⠎
⠨⠞
⠨⠥
⠨⠋
⠨⠯
⠨⠽
⠨⠺
⠨
⠠
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4/14/2010
DotsPlus Symbols
Print
Print
Dots Plus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
apostrophe
colon
comma
period
question mark
quotes
semicolon
single quote
parentheses
square
brackets
Dots Plus
{}
⠡
⠣
⠩
⠹
⠱
⠫
⠻
⠳
⠪
⠬
curly braces
bullet
•
'
:,
.
?
"
;
`
caret
^
(
angle brackets
and sign
asterisk
at sign
backslash
divide
dollar sign
equals
not equal
approximately
equal
greater than
)
less than
[]
minus
20
&
*
@
\
¸
$
=
¹
»
>
<
–
4/14/2010
Print
Dots Plus
Print
multiply
´
null
number sign
#
integral
percent
%
plus
slash
tilde
underline
sin
cosine
tangent
pi
union
intersection
∅
ò
long division
+
/
~
____
sin
cos
tan
π
∪
∩
Dots Plus
square root
x squared
angle
ray AB
right angle
21
2
x
Ð
®
AB
^
4/14/2010
Audio Graphing Calculator
Publisher:
ViewPlus Technology
www.viewplus.com
1853 SW Airport Ave
Corvallis, OR 97333
Phone: 541-736-1659
FAX: 541-738-6505
[email protected]
Retail Cost:
Price for CD: $295.00
Price for download: $295.00





Windows XP/2000/NT
Sound card & 256 MB of RAM
20 MB hard disk space
200 MHz processor or faster
CD-ROM drive or network/Internet connection for download
Description
AGC is a scientific calculator that provides voiced feedback for computations, as well as
audio representations of graphs. The versatile AGC can import data from Excel® or a host of
other applications. Quickly and easily create tactile copies of your AGC graphs by printing
directly to any ViewPlus Embosser (Tiger).
The AGC is accessible to anyone who can use a computer, regardless of ability, allowing the
user to concentrate on math, not on learning the tools to access it.
A demo version is available on their site:
http://www.viewplus.com/products/braille-math/AGC/.
22
4/14/2010
Example: Computing and Plotting the expression y = x
You should select the Expression 1 edit box. You may reach it by moving to the Data Set 1
Tab Page and going to the first item - which is the expression box. There are a number of
ways to do this. You may always press ALT-o to open the Options menu. Then arrow down
to find the “Data Set 1” option and press ENTER. Focus goes to the Expression 1 edit box.
Delete any characters in this box and type a single x. You can read the box with CTRL-r, but
the box is also voiced if you press HOME to go to the first character. You may right arrow to
move through and hear each character, or you may go to the end and left arrow backwards,
also hearing each character. DEL deletes the character just voiced (which is just behind the
insertion cursor). Backspace deletes the previous character (which is just before the insertion
cursor).
If focus is in this expression box, which should now have x in it, you may calculate the data
set by pressing ENTER. You will hear a short tone when the computation is finished. Note
that you may also do this computation by pressing function key F4 or by going to the
“Graph” menu with ALT-g and pressing ENTER on the first item - “Evaluate Expression 1”.
Note that the last two options require that the source be set to Data Set 1.
You have previously set the number of points parameter at 500, and it usually takes only a
fraction of a second to compute such a simple function as y=x, so you should hear the tone
rather quickly after pressing any of the options that cause the function in Expression 1 to be
calculated.
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You may display the graph on screen with function key F3 or by going to the “Graph” menu
with ALT-g and arrowing down to “Display graph” and pressing ENTER.
Finally you may play an audio tone plot of this graph by pressing function key F5 or by
going to the “Graph” menu with ALT-g, arrowing down to “Play data set” and pressing
ENTER.
Sighted people will see a graph on screen showing a straight line from the bottom left to
upper right of the graph, which is correct for the expression y=x. The audio tone plot is a
tone representing the y value when x is swept from its minimum to its maximum value as
you hear the tone graph. Since y rises linearly, the tone of y rises linearly on a harmonic scale
also. If you have set all parameters as we suggested, you should also hear some static
(technically known as “white noise”) for the first half of the tone graph. You hear this
because you have set the tone graph to “Play noise below y threshold” and set that threshold
to zero. So you hear noise when y is less than zero and do not hear that noise when y is
greater than 0. Press F5 to listen again so you can hear that there is noise for half the graph
but not for the last half of the graph.
We note that the tone graph is often accompanied by an unintentional quiet high-pitched
chirping sound on some computers and sound cards. It is usually minor and should just be
ignored.
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PIAF (Pictures in a Flash)
Publisher:
Quantum Technology
http://www.quantech.com.au/piaf
U.S. Resellers:
Humanware, Access Ingenuity
Retail Cost:
Machine: $1395.00
Swelltouch capsule paper, 8.5" x 11", 100/box: $130
Swelltouch capsule paper, 11" x 11.5", 100/box: $175
Swelltouch capsule paper, 11" x 17", 100/box: $230
Description
The PIAF machine produces high quality tactile graphics by using heat sensitive capsule
paper. The raised images are easy to produce and ideal for communicating graphics and
Braille to blind people. PIAF provides quick and easy access to geography, mathematics,
orientation and mobility training, all science subjects, and more.
What Is Capsule Paper?
—The following discussion is taken from the Quantum Technology Website: http://www.quantech.com.au/
The Name? Capsule paper has many names. Sometimes it is known as swell paper, puff
paper, pop-up paper, or even Minolta paper. It is basically all the same material with a few
variations.
How’s it Made? To manufacture capsule paper, a suspension of very tiny polypropylene
beads is painted onto a sheet of paper. These beads are measured in microns, so don’t try
looking for them.
How’s it Work? Capsule paper works on the principal that the color black absorbs more heat.
Hence, when a black line or image or dot is on a piece of capsule paper, it gets hotter than the
area around it. At a certain temperature, these little beads explode, and increase their volume
rather dramatically (just like making popcorn!). The result is that any black area on the paper
is raised—and hey presto, you have a tactile image. Always feed the capsule paper into the
photocopier in the “pass through” or “single copy” mode to avoid the capsule paper
becoming stuck in the photocopier.
Please Note: The black ink used on capsule paper, must be carbon-based ink. Toner in
photocopiers is carbon, some felt tip pens use carbon ink (try one and keep it with your
PIAF). China markers (also called "grease pencils"), gel pens, and soft-lead pencils all work
well.
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4/14/2010
MathType
Publisher:
4028 Broadway Ave.
Long Beach, CA 90803
USA
http://www.dessci.com/en/
Phone: 562-433-0685
FAX: 562-433-6969
General Information:
[email protected]
Retail Cost:
Check with Design Science for site license pricing if order is greater then 5 units



Microsoft Windows XP, 2000, Me, 98 SE or Apple Macintosh OS 9 or OS X
10 to 20 MB hard disk space
CD-ROM drive (can also download from Internet)
Description
Design Science MathType™ for Windows and Macintosh is a powerful interactive tool that
will revolutionize the way you create print and web-based documents that contain math.
MathType works with any word processor, presentation program, page layout program,
HTML-authoring tool, plus other types of software, to create equations for research papers,
class materials, web pages, slide presentations, journal articles and books.
MathType provides several options for creating accessible math content. MathType can
export mathematical expressions as images (GIF, PNG, etc.) or as MathML content. Web
content can also be created from MS Word using the MathPage export function. Math
equations created using the MathPage export are recognized by screen-reader technologies
and read to the individual. Additionally, if using Internet Explorer, the MathPlayer plug-in
provides the Web page with the capacity to “speak” the equation.
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Creating Math Equations for the Web
To create mathematical equations for the Web, it is first necessary to input the equations
using MathType (in MS Word). Once the mathematical expressions have been entered into
MS Word, there are several options for exporting the content in a Web-ready format.
Exporting a Web page for Internet Explorer:
3. Select the radio button marked MathML using: and choose the MathPlayer (IE
behavior) option from the drop-down list.
4. Select OK. MathType will then export the file and open the Web page within the
Internet Explorer browser.
NOTE – You may receive an error message in IE that says Internet Explorer has restricted
this file from showing active content. Click in the message and choose the option Allow
Blocked Content and then select Yes. This will allow the math content to be displayed with
the MathPlayer.
Exporting a Web page for multi-browser functionality:
3. Uncheck the checkbox Display in default browser.
4. Select the radio button marked MathML using: and choose the XHTML +
MathML option from the drop-down list.
5. Select OK.
MathType will create a .xht file that contains all the page information with mathematical
content. You will need to create a hyperlink to this .xht file in order to view the relevant
mathematical expressions using a Web browser.
NOTE – It is recommended to choose the “Exporting a Web page for multi-browser
functionality:” option in order to best serve the widest audience possible. This will allow
individuals using specialized assistive computer technology to access the necessary math
27
4/14/2010
content as well as provide options to individuals using non-IE Web browsers (e.g., FireFox,
Mozilla).
Considerations
When creating mathematical expressions for the Web, it is important to remember the
following guidelines.
If you are exporting MathType content using the “MathPlayer (IE behavior)” option, then
individuals will be able to view the content only with the Internet Explorer browser.
If you are exporting MathType content using “XHTML+MathML” option, then individuals
will be able to view the content with either Internet Explorer, Netscape 7, or
Mozilla/FireFox.
It will be necessary to download the appropriate MathML fonts for Netscape 7+ and
Mozilla/FireFox. You can download the appropriate MathML fonts at:
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/mathml/fonts . The “Font Installer” is located in the right
sidebar of the page.
Internet Explorer may not be able to view the Web page with the .xht extension if the file
resides on the computer. If you upload the .xht file (and appropriate folder) to your Web
server, then you will be able to view the Web page with your preferred browser (i.e., Internet
Explorer, Mozilla/Firefox, Netscape 7+). You will need to ensure that your Web server can
serve documents with the extension .xht. This can be accomplished by setting the
appropriate MIME-type for your Web server. For more information, please visit:
http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/author/creatingpages.htm
Creating Math Equations for Scientific Notebook
Scientific Notebook now allows the importing of RTF documents containing mathematical
expressions created using MathType. This process is useful if the final content is to be
embossed as Nemeth Braille. To import math equations into Scientific Notebook, it is
necessary for content to originally be created in MS Word using MathType and saved in a
.RTF format. From within Scientific Notebook, it is possible to import the .RTF document
and prepare the information for embossing.
MathType also provides an option to copy an equation from the MathType authoring tool
directly into Scientific Notebook. It is necessary to choose the translation type before
moving a MathType expression into Scientific Notebook.
1. Open the MathType equation editor and compose a mathematical equation.
2. Select Preferences from the menu bar and choose Translators.
3. Choose the radio button marked Translation to other language (text). Choose the
translator in the drop-down list that corresponds to the output of your choice. For
Scientific Notebook, you may choose any one of the “Tex” translators.
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4/14/2010
4. Select OK.
5. Select the equation you wish to copy into Scientific Notebook and choose Copy
(under Edit on the menu bar).
6. Switch to Scientific Notebook and select Edit from the menu bar. Choose Paste
Special. You will need to select the Text format and the radio button marked
Internal Format.
7. Select OK. You may need to clean up part of the equation in order to ensure the
entire equation is recognized as “math”, however, your equation should now be
usable from within Scientific Notebook.
MathType and DotsPlus
In order to print mathematical content in the Dots Plus format, it is necessary to use the Tiger
font (from View Plus Technologies), and the MathType editor. Math equations can be
created in MS Word from MathType. When the document is ready to be printed to the Tiger
embosser (from MS Word), the user needs to select the Tiger font. This will allow for
content to be properly embossed in the Dots Plus format. For more information on the Tiger
embosser, visit: http://www.viewplus.com/
Resizing Equations in MathType
“Design Science Technical Support” <[email protected]> 2/26/2007
Good afternoon,
The process for [enlarging equations] is essentially a 2-part process. You would first use
MathType to create a “Preference” file and then apply that preference to the existing Word
document. Here’s what you do.
Making a preference file:
1. Open MathType on its own.
2. From the Size Menu choose Define
3. The very top size category is called “Full” this is what all the others follow so you’d only
have to change this one. Set it to 24 point.
Click OK.
4. From the Preferences menu choose Equation Preferences/Save to file.
5. Name and save the file in the default location.
6. Close MathType.
Note, you can make as many preference files as you like. Call them, 24point, 36 point, etc.
Applying the preference file
1. Open the Word document
2. From the MathType menu in Word choose Format equations 3. In the resulting dialog,
click the radio button next to MathType preference file then click the browse button.
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4/14/2010
4. Find the preference file you want and double click to select it.
5. Click ok.
This will apply the size attributes saved in the preference file to each MathType equation in
the document and end with a dialog that tells you how many objects were changed. Done!
Thank you,
Karl Valentine-Rothenberg
Technical Support
140 Pine Avenue, 4th Floor
Long Beach, California 90802
USA
Tel: (562) 432-2920
Fax: (562) 432-2857
[email protected]
www.dessci.com
Many commonly reported problems are addressed on our website. You may view our
Technical Support Notices at http://dessci.com/en/support/support/tncentral.htm
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4/14/2010
MathTalk
Publisher:
Metroplex Voice Computing, Inc.
P. O. Box121984
Arlington, Texas 76012
fax: 817-543-1103
email: [email protected]
Retail Cost:
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook: $295
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook and Dragon Preferred: $495
MathTalk bundled with Scientific Notebook and Dragon Pro: $1020









Dragon Naturally Speaking 7.0 & 8.0 & 9.0
1.5 MHZ PC; * Intel Pentium 4 for Dragon 9.0
1GB free hard disk space for Dragon 9.0
Microsoft Windows XP (SP1 or higher) Home and professional, 2000 (SP4 or higher)
for Dragon 9.0
SoundBlaster or compatible soundcard
512 MB RAM minimum; * recommended 1 GIG RAM for Dragon 9.0
Microsoft Internet Explorer v.5 or higher (free download from www.microsoft.com)
CD-ROM drive for installation
Web connection is required for activation
Description
MathTalk can be used with Scientific Notebook and Dragon NaturallySpeaking to allow
hands-free entry of math equations on the computer.
Product demos are available on their Web site:
http://www.metroplexvoice.com/demos.htm
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LaTeX
Publisher:
Varies: numerous free editors
Retail Cost:
Numerous free editors and others at low cost
Varies: some editors are cross-platform, at least one is Web-based.
TEX is a typesetting language created by Donald E. Knuth; it has extensive capabilities to
typeset math. LATEX is an extension of TEX designed by Leslie Lamport; its major features
include a strong focus on document structure and the logical markup of text; automatic
numbering and cross-referencing. The term LaTeX refers only to the language in which
documents are written, not to the text editor itself. In order to create a document in LaTeX, a
.tex file must be created using some form of text editor. While many text editors work, many
people prefer to use one of several editors designed specifically for working with LaTeX.
There are a number of these editors available for free.
 Led: http://www.latexeditor.org/
 Texmaker: http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/ (cross-platform)
 Keynote: http://evolve.lse.ac.uk/software/EquationEditor/ (Apple)
 AMS-LaTeX: http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html
 Web-based: http://www.monkeytex.com/
The American Mathematical Society has a free PDF manual available online for learning
LaTeX:
 http://tex.loria.fr/general/mil.pdf
Web-based LaTex resource:
http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/LaTeX/AoPS_L_About.php
To help you get a general idea of LaTeX, I copied an example from Wikipedia.
The example below shows the LaTeX input:
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\title{\LaTeX}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle \LaTeX{} is a document preparation system for the \TeX{}
typesetting program. It offers programmable desktop publishing
features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of
typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and
cross-referencing, tables and figures, page layout, bibliographies,
and much more. \LaTeX{} was originally written in 1984 by Leslie
Lamport and has become the dominant method for using \TeX; few
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people write in plain \TeX{} anymore. The current version is
\LaTeXe.
\newline
% This is a comment, it is not shown in the final output.
% The following shows a little of the typesetting power of LaTeX
\begin{eqnarray}
E &=& mc^2
\\
m &=& \frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{document}
This input would produce the following LaTeX output:
Because LaTeX is created completely with text-based commands, the underlying source code
is readable with a screenreader. Many blind mathematicians and blind higher-math students
work in LaTeX directly and then use the LaTeX editor to print out well-formatted math
equations for their instructors.
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Scientific Notebook
Publisher:
MacKichan Software
http://www.mackichan.com/
19307 8th Avenue
Suite C
Poulsbo, WA 98370-7370
Phone: 360-394-6033
FAX: 360-394-6039
[email protected]
Retail Cost:




Microsoft Windows® XP, 2000, Me, 98, or NT 4.0 or Apple Macintosh® running an
emulator program such as Virtual PC™
64 MB of RAM
70 to 250 MB hard disk space, depending on the type of hard drive and the
installation options selected
CD-ROM drive
Description
Scientific Notebook is a math “word-processor” allowing authors to integrate mathematical
expressions, text content, and graphics into one document. Using the computer algebra
engine MuPad 2.5, Scientific Notebook provides the flexibility to not only create
mathematical expressions, but also solve equations within the document itself. Scientific
Notebook also provides the capability to compute symbolically or numerically, integrate,
differentiate, and solve algebraic and differential equations. With menu commands, you can
create 2-D and 3-D plots in many styles and coordinate systems; import data from graphing
calculators; and compute with over 150 units of physical measure.
Scientific Notebook now allows exporting in RTF, MathML, and HTML as well as reading
MathType mathematics by importing RTF documents. Previous features including LaTex
and PDF support are also included in Scientific Notebook.
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Scientific Notebook Shortcut Keys
Note: When working in Scientific Notebook, go to View > Toolbars and turn on the
Standard, Math Templates, Symbol Panels, and Tag toolbars.
To enter
Press
Toggle math/text
Ctrl+m or Ctrl+t or Insert
Fraction
Ctrl+f or Ctrl+/ or Ctrl+1
Radical
Ctrl+r or Ctrl+2
Superscript
Ctrl+h or Ctrl+ up arrow or Ctrl+3
Subscript
Ctrl+l or Ctrl+down arrow or Ctrl+4
Integral
Ctrl+i or Ctrl+8
Summation
Ctrl+7
Brackets
Ctrl+9 or Ctrl+0 or Ctrl+( or Ctrl+)
Square brackets
Ctrl+[ or Ctrl+] or Ctrl+6
Angle brackets
Ctrl+<
Braces
Ctrl+{ or Ctrl+}
Display
Ctrl+d
Product
Ctrl+p
Absolute value
Ctrl+\
Norm
Ctrl+| (Ctrl+Shift+\)
Required space
Ctrl+spacebar
Nonbreaking space
Shift+spacebar
Thin space
Ctrl+,
Thick space
Ctrl+Shift+spacebar
“ (double open quote)
Single open quote (`) twice
“ (double close quote)
Single close quote (`) twice
- (intraword dash or hyphen)
Hyphen (-)
-- (en dash)
Hyphen (-) two times
--- (em dash)
Hyphen (-) three times
- (discretionary hyphen)
Ctrl+ -- (Ctrl + hyphen two times)
¿
? followed by ` (open single quote)
¡
! followed by ` (open single quote)
36
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Hint: Scientific Notebook does not normally allow you to use the space bar in equations. You
can use keyboard shortcuts to enter spaces:
CTRL + spacebar = required space
SHIFT + spacebar = nonbreaking space
CTRL + SHIFT + spacebar = thick space
MathType to Scientific Notebook
- Open MS Word and create equations with MathType
- Set the MathType Translator to the following: Tex – LaTex 2.09 or Later (located under
Preferences > Translators)
- Double-click on the equation to open in the MathType window and then select the entire
equation
- Copy the equation (Ctrl+C)
- Open Scientific Notebook and choose Edit > Paste Special
- Choose Text > Internal Format
That should paste the equation into Sci. Notebook correctly. You *might* need to ensure
that the equation is rendered in red (as this marks it as Math content), but it should come
across correctly.
Exporting Graphs to Word
We need to adjust the settings so that the graph does not have a frame, axes are not labeled,
and tick marks are not numbered. We will add numbers and labels in the Braille font in
Word.
(Note: If you do not have the Braille font, you can download it for free from Duxbury:
http://www.duxburysystems.com/.)
Once you have created your graph, right click on it and choose Properties. Set the Axes so
that tick labeling is disabled (check the disable tick labeling option).
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Set the layout to “plot only” so that there is no bounding frame around the graph.
Under Item Plotted, set line thickness to medium.
38
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Select and copy the graphic and copy it. Open Microsoft Word and paste the graphic by
going to Edit > Paste Special > Picture.
With the graphic in Word, enter the Braille labels in text boxes (26 point Braille font, no line
around the boxes).
y
x
39
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List of AT Products with
Math Support
Courtesy of Design Science
www.dessci.com
Which Assistive Technology Products Have Math Support?
There are a growing number of assistive technology (AT) products that have math support, ranging
from synthetic speech output of math equations to braille support. Design Science is constantly working
with AT vendors to assist them in developing accessible math supports for their customers. We provide
the following list to help keep you informed on the current status of math support in AT products.

Reader Tools

Tactile and Braille Translation Software

DAISY Playback Software

DAISY Production and Conversion Tools

Authoring Software that supports DAISY or XHTML+MathML Export

Terminology Key

Instructions to Vendors
Note: The features listed are for the most current version of the software. Older versions may or may
not have these features.
Reader Tools
The following table lists a number of the most popular synthetic speech reading tools, including screen
reader applications and literacy support tools.
Accessibility
Partner
Basic
Math
Speech
Advanced
Math
Speech
Synchronized
Math
Highlighting
Refreshable
Math Braille
Support
Browsealoud Texthelp
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
N/A
ClaroRead for
Claro
PC
No
Yes
No
No
No
HAL
Dolphin
No
Yes
No
N/A
No
JAWS
Freedom
Scientific
No
Yes
No
N/A
No
Kurzweil
1000
Kurzweil
Yes
Coming
soon
No
N/A
No
PRODUCT
VENDOR
40
4/14/2010
Kurzweil
3000
Kurzweil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N/A
MAGic with
speech
Freedom
Scientific
No
Yes
No
No
N/A
NVDA
NVDAproject
N/A
No
No
No
No
Read&Write
Gold
Texthelp
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
N/A
Supernova
Dolphin
No
Yes
No
No
No
System
Access
Serotek
Yes
Yes
No
N/A
No
Window-Eyes GW Micro
No
Yes
No
N/A
No
WYNN
Freedom
Scientific
No
Yes
No
No
N/A
ZoomText
Reader
Ai
Squared
Yes
Yes
No
No
N/A
Tactile and Braille Translation Software
The following table lists some of the most commonly used translation software for the creation of hard
copy tactile materials.
PRODUCT
VENDOR
Accessibility DotsPlus Math
Partner
Math
Braille
Equation
Editor
Support
MathType MathML
Support Support
Braille2000
Computer
Application
Specialties
No
No
Yes
No
No
Coming
soon
Braille Maker
Cragside
AccessABILITY
No
No
Yes
Coming
soon
Coming
soon
No
Duxbury
Braille
Translator
Duxbury
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Tiger
Software
Suite
ViewPlus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
WinBraille
Index Braille
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
DAISY Playback Software
The following table lists some of the most popular DAISY Digital Talking Book software players.
VENDOR
Accessibility
Partner
Basic
Math
Speech
Advanced
Math
Speech
Synchronized
Math
Highlighting
Refreshable
Math Braille
Support
AMIS
DAISY for All
Project
N/A
No
No
No
No
Book Wizard
Reader
American
Printing
House
N/A
No
No
No
No
EasyReader
Dolphin
No
Yes
No
No
No
PRODUCT
eClipseReader IRTI
No
No
No
No
No
gh PLAYER
gh
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Victor Reader
Soft
HumanWare
Yes
No
No
No
No
41
4/14/2010
DAISY Production and Conversion Tools
The following table lists a number of commonly used production and conversion tools for creating DAISY
Digital Talking Books, and in some cases for converting to other formats.
PRODUCT
VENDOR
Accessibility
Partner
MathML Support
No
Book Wizard Producer
American Printing
House
N/A
CAST NIMAS Conversion Tool
CAST
N/A
Yes
DAISY Pipeline
DAISY Consortium
Yes
Yes (requires
MathDaisy)
Dolphin Publisher
Dolphin
No
No
DTBMaker
Wyoming Medical
Center
N/A
No
EasyConverter
Dolphin
No
No
EasyProducer
Dolphin
No
No
eClipseWriter Professional
IRTI
No
No
TechAdapt Accessible Media
Center
TechAdapt
No
Yes
Authoring Software that supports DAISY or XHTML+MathML Export
The following table lists document authoring software that can be used to create DAISY or XHTML files
with accessible math.
PRODUCT
VENDOR
Accessibility
Partner
Supports DAISY Export
Supports
w/Math
XHTML+MathML Export
MS Office
Word
Microsoft
No
In Beta (requires “Save as
DAISY XML” add-in)
Yes (requires MathType)
OpenOffice
Writer
OpenOffice.or
g
N/A
Yes (requires Text To
DAISY DTB" extension)
Yes (requires
"Writer2html" extension)
42
4/14/2010

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