Full Program Book - Drexel University Research Day 2015

Transcription

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
Welcome and Dedication
3
Floorplan / Map
4
Schedule
5
Judges
6
Special Thanks
7
Published Abstracts
Biological and Biomedical Research
Business Research Initiatives
Clinical and Translation Research
Computation, Modeling, and Simulation (Biological)
Computation, Modeling, and Simulation (Non-Biological)
Creative Arts/Design
Humanities
Innovation in Education and Outreach
Research in Physical Science and Engineering
272
Index of Abstracts By Author
WELCOME
AND DEDICATION
Dear Colleagues:
Welcome to Research Day 2009!
In the 10 years since Research Day began, the changes to our University have been
dramatic indeed. We have integrated a College of Medicine, of Nursing and
Health Professions and a School of Public Health; we have inaugurated a School
of Law. Our national rankings are at an all-time high. Most relevant for those
engaged in research, scholarship and creative activities, Drexel is considered - and
considers itself - a comprehensive, research University.
As we celebrate the research side of our University identity today, we cannot
but pause in humility and gratitude to recognize the vision and effort of Dr.
Constantine “Taki” Papadakis in these achievements. When he arrived in
1995, most people held the hope that he would restore Drexel to its position
of the 1980’s as a financially secure, 6,000 undergraduate, regionally-respected
institution. The degree to which that modest goal has been wildly surpassed stems
from the strength of his leadership. Accordingly, we dedicate this year’s Research
Day to his memory.
We thank all of you for your vision and your efforts, and hope that you fully enjoy
the Research Day experience.
Mark Greenberg, Ph.D.
Interim Provost
2
Kenny J. Simansky, Ph.D.
Anthony Lowman, Ph.D.
Interim Vice Provost for Research
Interim Senior Associate
Vice Provost for Research
Frank Ferrone, Ph.D.
Michele Marcolongo, Ph.D.
Associate Vice Provost for Research
Associate Vice Provost for Research
FLOORPLAN / MAP
BIO
BUSN
CLIN
CBIO
COMP
KIOSK
CAD
HUMN
EDU
PHYS
REGISTRATION
ENTRANCE
3
SCHEDULE
9:30 AM
4
Doors open for hanging posters and other exhibits
11:00 AM
to 3:00 PM
Poster presentations and other exhibits
4:30 PM
to 6:00 PM
Reception and Awards Ceremony
Presenters are required to be at their location from:
11:00 AM – 12:30 PM (even numbered posters)
12:30 – 2:00 PM (odd numbered posters)
Great Court, Main Building
3141 Chestnut Street
JUDGES
Abedin, Mohammad
Abels, Eileen
al-Bataineh, Mohammad
Altenmueller, Ulrike
An, Yuan
Anandan, Shivanthi
Anandarajan, Murugan
Ashraf, Qazi
Awerbuch, Jonatha
Babu, Sundar
Blazina, Jen
Bloch, Joan
Boesteanu, Alina
Bose, Sam
Brancaccio, Pia
Breen, David
Brody, Jean
Brown, Darryl
Cannella, Marco
Cassway, Nick
Cecil, Anne
Chen, Chaomei
Chiarello, Lisa Ann
Cianci, Anna
Cliggett, Jack
Clyne, Alisa Morss
Dandekar, Kapil
DePau, Daniela
Diefenbach, Paul
Dion, Genevieve
Doherty, Roger
Domzalski, John
D’Ovidio, Rob
Ebaugh, David
Elefant, Felice
Epstein, Larry
Finegold, Leonard
Fitzgibbon, Cecelia
Flemke, Kimberly
Friedlander, Sandy
Friedman, Gary
Genis, Vladimir
Giguere, Miriam
Glaser, Mike
Goldberg, David
Golembuski, Cindy
Grillo, Peter
Gruber, Roberta
Gurian, Patrick
Hartzell, Betty
Hayes, Lisa
Heilbrun, Kirk
Hsuan, Grace
Jain, Pooja
Ji, Haifeng (Frank)
Joshi, Suresh
Kelly, Eileen
Kelly, Karin
Khan, Zafar
Kim, Youngmoo
Knowles, Scott
Koltick, Nicole
Krebs, Fred
Kurzweg, Tim
Lau, Kenneth
Linnehan, Frank
Liu, Longjian
Marenda, Dan
Martin, Kathi
Matus-Mendoza, Maria
McEachron, Don
McGowan, Joe
Miller, Michael
Mochalin, Vadym
Mostov, Julie
Moxon, Karen
Mueller, Yvonne
Muschio, Glen
Nasser, Jennifer
Newhouse, Keith
Newschaffer, Craig
Nikolov, Zhorro
Noguchi, Eishi
Olson, Mira
O’Neil, Maggie
Osgood, Heather
Owens, Kevin
Palisano, Robert
Pamukcu, Rifat
Passow, Emilie
Pelliccia, Orlando
Pelzer, Karen
Perez, Hernando
Phillips, Beth
Pollock, Bruce
Pollock, William
Polyak, Boris
Powell, Steven
Prince, Olive
Pron, Kristy
Raven, Lise
Redmann, Christopher
Rest, Rick
Reynolds, Rachel
Rogers, Michelle
Runyon, Paul
Russell, Ephraim
Saunders, Aleister
Schanger, Irv
Schauer, Caroline
Schlecht, Hans
Schultheis, Maria
Seay, Toby
Shewokis, Patricia
Shih, Wan
Silfies, Sherri
Silverman, Jason
Sohlberg, Karl
Sokhansanj, Bahrad
Steen, Kathryn
Stockton, Mark
Storniolo, Judith
Suri, Raj
Susskind, Andrew
Taillandier, Cyrille
Tedesco, Albert
Thompson, Jervis
Thury, Eva
Tinker, Amanda
Tom, James
Turco, Douglas
Varela, Ximena
Vogeley, Michael
Waite, Roberta
Wartman, Bruce
Wei, Yen
Weiss, Josh
Werner, Edward
Wiedenbeck, Susan
Willie, Mark
Yang, Guoliang
Yuan, Jian-Min
Zach, Lisl
Ziegert, Jonathan
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SPECIAL THANKS
Office of Research
Our special thanks for all of the volunteers from the Office of
Research and others who made this Research Day an enjoyable event
for the University family. This appreciation is extended especially to
Maryann Skedzielewski for guidance and much patience with the
organizational details of the event.
Westphal College of Media Arts & Design
We are indebted to the talented students and faculty from Westphal
college who have contributed to the striking design improvements
in this year’s event, including our logo and innovative floorplan.
Particular thanks to Maggie Ruder, Amanda Friend, Chelsea Meyer
and Jody Graff as well as Ada Tremonte and Rena Cumby. And of
course we thank Allen Sabinson for his suggestions to avail ourselves
of the myriad forms of in-house expertise his college contains.
Additional Valuable Support
Special thanks go to Andrew Marx and Daniel Steinberg for
web design and data management. Thank you to the Graphics
Lab for printing so many of the posters on display. Thanks also
for the facilities and food services, audio visual and staging
support. Outside contractor support is also appreciated, especially
Howard Buck, Reber-Freil Co. and Floor Arrangements.
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BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
BUSINESS RESEARCH INITIATIVES
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
COMPUTATION, MODELING,
AND SIMULATION (BIOLOGICAL)
AND SIMULATION (NON-BIOLOGICAL)
CREATIVE ARTS/DESIGN
HUMANITIES
INNOVATION IN EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Specific Detection of Bacillus Anthracis Spores By ELISA
BIO
P-BIO-2
MITALI PUROHIT
John-Paul McGovern, Wan Y. Shih, Wei-Heng Shih
College of Medicine
Basic: Microbiology and Immunology
The Biosensor group at Drexel has developed a Piezoelectric Microcantilever Sensor (PEMS) for rapid
detection of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores, the infectious form of BA. BA causes anthrax, an often
fatal disease and is a bioterrorism agent. Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) is a method
for detecting and measuring specific antigens. To prepare antibody for PEMS, we used ELISA to
examine the cross-reactivity of BA spores with other bacterial spores and with environmental and
other pathogenic bacteria. The studies compared the sensitivity of ELISA to the sensor (McGovern et al,
Analyst, 2008, DOI: 10.1039/b715948j). We optimized ELISA assays for specific detection of BA spores.
IgG antibody for ELISA was purified from hyperimmune rabbit antiserum raised against UV-killed
BA spores (Lampire Biological Laboratories, Inc.). This IgG is stable at room temperature and at 37?C
for >21 days. The antibody, which reacted vigorously and in a dose response manner with BA spores,
did not react with spores of two environmental, closely related bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus
thuringiensis. In addition, the antibody did not react with 12 other environmental bacterial species,
some pathogenic for humans. We also tested for BA spores, cross-reactive bacteria, or inhibitors in air
from 30th Street Station, Philadelphia. We found no BA or cross-reacting materials. Importantly, the
concentrated air samples did not interfere with ELISA or PEMS detection of BA spores. Thus, ELISA
results mirrored PEMS results, except that PEMS is much more sensitive than ELISA.
Light Scattering By Ellipsoidal Particles and Fourier Analysis In The
Frequency Domain
P-BIO-3
KALOYAN POPOV
Timothy P. Kurzweg
College of Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
The study of biological tissue using white light spectroscopy has the potential to be an effective, fast,
and inexpensive method for the detection of size changes in cell nuclei. The relationship between
the spherical scatterer size and the number of oscillation peaks in the optical spectrum (intensity of
scattered light versus wavelength) has been observed by many researchers. To this point, there was
not a detailed theoretical model describing this dependence for elliptical particles, a common shape
of cell nuclei at lower tissue layers. In this paper, we report a theoretical model, valid for both spheres
and ellipsoids, detailing the scattering intensity as a function of the wavelength and the scatterer’s
diameter. Supporting this theory, we experimentally test mixtures of scatterers of different sizes and
provide density analysis.
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BIO
Characterization of A Novel Drosophila Model of FRAXE
Hereditary Mental Retardation
P-BIO-4
GINNENE DISTEFANO
College of Arts and Sciences
Biology
Mutations in the Fmr2 gene are associated with the most common form of non-syndromic X-linked
mental retardation, FRAXE. Patients with FRAXE exhibit various developmental and morphological
problems, including mental retardation, delays in speech development, attention deficit disorder,
hyperactivity, mild facial hypoplasia, irregular teeth, impaired motor coordination, hair abnormalities,
angiomata, clinodactyly, and nasal abnormalities, as well as premature ovarian failure. We had
previously identified the Drosophila homolog of Fmr2, lilliputian (lilli) in a genetic screen meant to
isolate novel regulators of the proneural gene atonal in the developing Drosophila retina (7). In order
to expand upon this initial observation, and determine if proneural gene regulation could be significant
in the development of FRAXE mental retardation etiology, we created a novel Drosophila model of this
disease.
Changes In Trophic Niches of Two Species of Neotropical Stream Fish Using
Stable Isotopes, Gut Analysis, and Behavioral Observations
P-BIO-5
EUGENIA ZANDONA
Biology
A species’ isotopic niche represents the area occupied by individuals in the d-space ‘ obtained by
plotting d15N against d13C. As part of a broader NSF-FIBR, we assessed the isotopic niche of two fish
species, Rivulus hartii (Hart’s killifish) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy), from nine Trinidadian streams
characterized by different predation and competition regimes. We also performed gut analyses and
conducted behavioural observations on the two species. In each stream, fishes were sampled and
observed from three different communities: Rivulus+Poecilia+other fish predators, Rivulus+Poecilia,
and Rivulus only. We hypothesize that the niche breadth of the two fish species is directly affected by
different predation and competition regimes. Preliminary results suggest that Rivulus and Poecilia show
a larger niche overlap when they co-occur with predators. When only the two species are present, their
niche overlap is smaller, due to a greater resource partitioning. We found no evidence of ontogenetic
niche shift in Poecilia. Rivulus showed ontogenetic niche shift when released from predation pressure
and competition. Our findings confirm the utility of multiple approaches to understand community
dynamics in tropical streams.
Electrospinning of Biopolymer Fibers with Living Cells
P-BIO-6
QUDUS HAMID
Sunny Bhalla, Anuj Mahajan
Mechanical Engineering
One of the overarching goals for Tissue Engineering today is the formulation of biomaterial scaffolds
to closely model the extracellular environment of different tissues. Although much work has been done
in this field, existing scaffold fabrication technologies are inadequate to produce highly biomimetic
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Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Based Composites for Use as a
Replacement Meniscus
P-BIO-7
JULIANNE HOLLOWAY
Chemical and Biological Engineering
Injuries of the meniscus occur frequently and often lead to degeneration in the knee. Currently no
adequate procedure or technology is available for injuries that occur in the avascular section of the
meniscus. A majority of the current issues would be absolved by creating a synthetic polymer capable
of being molded to the size and shape of the meniscus and tailored to match properties. In this study
the mechanical and swelling characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels reinforced with
polypropylene fibers were analyzed. Results indicate modification of PVA hydrogels using both polymer
concentration and the number of freeze-thaw cycles can yield gels that match the compressive modulus
of the human meniscus. Furthermore, the tensile modulus of PVA can be increased using polypropylene
fiber reinforcement. Hydrogel swelling studies show a dependence on initial polymer concentration and
swelling medium used.
Ligand Binding and Sickle Hemoglobin Polymerization Kinetics:
Implication for Therapies
P-BIO-8
DONNA YOSMANOVICH
Physics
Sickle Cell Disease results from a point mutation on the beta subgroups of hemoglobin. When
hemoglobin releases its four ligands it changes from a relaxed (R) structure to a tense (T) structure
and the mutation causes polymer chains to grow. Typical in vitro experiments measure this through
complete photolysis of a COHbS sample with a laser and then quantify the scattered light from growing
polymers. However, in vivo, many molecules are partially liganded due to the incomplete transfer of
oxygen from red blood cells to the surrounding tissue. Liganded T state molecules could contribute to
polymer growth, although until now the effect on the kinetics of fractional saturation was unknown.
We examined the effects of introducing NO into COHbS samples. The strong binding of NO to HbS
keeps the ligand distribution unchanged during the COHbS experiment. We found that the NOHbS
caused the polymerization rate to decrease by 50% due to tertiary inhibition of the partially bound T
state hemoglobin. We ruled out the possible effects of non-polymerizing R state NO Hb through a flash
photolysis experiment, where photolysis curves were analyzed for an initial fast recombination to R
state Hb. Only an insignificant possible amount of R state was found (<3%), and could not account for
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scaffolds. Senior design team MEM 23 (under the supervision of Drs. Wei Sun and Alan Lau) proposed a
design of an electrospinning device that is capable of producing 3D scaffolds with living cells embedded
in their micro/nano size fibers. Dual perpendicular DC electric fields will be employed to obtain
enhanced fiber alignment. The polymer/cell suspension will be electrospun by using a novel coaxial
needle delivery system, which will provide encapsulation and protection of cells. A rotating cylindrical
collector in contact with a nutrient medium will minimize tangling of post-spin fibers, and ensure cell
survivability in the encapsulated state. The micro/nano size fibers will form scaffolds that resemble
natural extracellular matrix, and greatly facilitate cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, and
migration. The embedded living cells may be employed to perform vital tasks such as secretion of matrix
components, growth factors and antibiotics. These scaffolds would drastically improve viability of tissue
engineered constructs, and serve to be another positive step towards organ regeneration.
BIO
the effects recorded. The effect of partial ligation on polymerization is important in analyzing possible
therapies for sickle cell disease. One possible therapy would be to alter the oxygen affinity of Hb,
thereby decreasing the number of fractional intermediates and decreasing the number of T state HbS
overall.
Leatherback Turtle Nesting Ecology Study On Bioko Island,
Equatorial Guinea, Africa
P-BIO-9
KATHLEEN KRANICH
Sunshine Falck, Mariya Osipchuk, Daniel Fitzgerald, Jason Howard, Shaya Honarvar, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
Bioko is a small African island located in the Gulf of Guinea. There are five nesting beaches on the
southern part of the island; Beach A, B, C, D, and E. In the 2008-2009 nesting season we studied the
nesting ecology of leatherback turtles (Dermocheyls coriacea) on Beach E, a 2 km long stretch of
isolated beach. During nightly patrols we identified individual leatherback turtles by using passive
integrated transponder tags (PIT tags). We tagged 31 individuals from October 2008 through March
2009. We collected data on nesting ecology, reproductive output, and nesting behavior. We recorded
234 encounters and 110 nests for the season. This population has never been extensively studied
and further research is critical to understand the status of this population and its future need for
conservation.
Development of an In Vitro Model to Study Histidine Decarboxylase
shRNA Mediated Knock-Down
P-BIO-11
ROHINI SAMUDRALWAR
Nigora Isamiddinova, Sara Ansaloni, Edward S. Schulman, M.D. ACCP, FAAAI
Biology
Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) is an enzyme that mediates the conversion of histidine to histamine
in several tissues such as lungs and gut. Specifically in the lungs, increased histamine release results
in asthma attacks in allergic patients. Therefore, the regulation of HDC levels to control histamine
production is a potential therapeutic avenue for treating asthma symptoms. We propose using
short hairpin RNA to knock-down HDC gene expression to decrease histamine production. shRNA
are processed by enzymatic complexes in the cells and form RNA oligonucleotides that anneal to
complementary specific sites on the target mRNA, mediating its degradation. An ideal cell model
to study HDC and histamine production is a human cell line derived from the bone marrow of a
mastocytosis patient at NIH, known as LAD2. However, these cells have a long doubling time and
require viral transduction for shRNA treatment. Before undertaking such complicated experimental
procedures, a more efficient model was needed to test the shRNA knock-down approach. We chose
to over-express HDC in HEK 293 Naive cells and then to validate shRNA mediated knock-down in this
system. We first subcloned the HDC cDNA from the prokaryotic vector, pCR4TOPO into the eukaryotic
expression vector pcDNA 3.1. Then, we transefcted the obtained construct in HEK 293 Naive cells. We
tested over-expression through Western Blot analysis of cell lysates using anti-HDC antibody, but failed
to detect increased levels of the protein even though increased HDC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.
These results suggest that the HDC antibody used was defective. Therefore HDC cDNA was subcloned
into pcDNA3.1-FLAG producing HDC-FLAG. This tagged fusion protein can be detected through a FLAG
specific antibody which was used to test HDC over-expression lysates. Co-transfection of HDC targeting
shRNAs and of the HDC cDNA was used to evaluate the ultimate efficiency of the knock-down. We
present the results of these experiments. In conclusion, we were able to develop an efficient model
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Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), When Applied Repeatedly, Does Not Cause
Cumulative Damage To The Murine Cervicovaginal Epithelium
P-BIO-12
KARISSA LOZENSKI
Tina Kish-Catalone, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs
College of Medicine
The disappointing clinical failures of four topical vaginal microbicides have provided new insights into
factors that impact microbicide safety and efficacy. Specifically, the greater risk for HIV-1 acquisition
in association with multiple uses of an N-9-containing product has highlighted the importance of
application frequency as a variable during pre-clinical microbicide development, particularly in animal
model studies. To evaluate an association between application frequency and N-9 safety, a mouse model
of cervicovaginal microbicide toxicity was used. This model system, which is used to assess changes
in epithelial integrity and immune cell recruitment following exposure to microbicidal agents, was
shown to be predictive of clinical toxicity following a single N-9 exposure and concentration-dependent
toxicity of the microbicide Savvy (C31G), which was removed from clinical trials. In multiple exposure
experiments using this model, the initial application of N-9 (aqueous, 1%) caused considerable damage
to the cervical epithelium (as previously published). Subsequent daily exposures were characterized by
diminished cervical toxicity relative to the initial exposure and an increase in the exposure duration
required to elicit similar levels of epithelial damage. However, in vitro cytotoxicity experiments, which
were conducted to explore potential parallels between in vitro and in vivo assays of microbicide safety,
conversely demonstrated that HeLa cells became increasingly sensitive to the presence of N-9 after
multiple exposures. These multiple exposure studies are now being expanded to include more acute
exposure frequencies and assessments of immune cell recruitment as a measure of local cervicovaginal
inflammation subsequent to repeated exposures to topical agents.
Pilot Error: an Endotracheal Cuff Leak
P-BIO-13
SUBRAMANYA BANDI
Other
Other
SUMMARY: This case describes a 79-year-old motor vehicle accident victim who presented for emergent
exploratory laparotomy and subsequent left-sided thoracotomy. During closure of the surgical
abdominal site, left-sided chest tube drainage in excess of 1.0 liters occurred necessitating thoracotomy.
While cutting the endotracheal tube holder in order to perform an intentional right bronchial mainstem intubation, inadvertent severing of the inflation tube occurred. Cuff failure ensued, resulting in
loss of ventilation. After inserting a 22-gauge intravenous catheter into the inflation tube, instilling 5
mls of air, and clamping the inflation tube with a kelly clamp, the cuff leak disappeared and positive
pressure ventilation ensued. The remainder of the case proceeded uneventfully with an endotracheal
tube exchange happening upon surgical completion.
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system to test anti-HDC shRNA knockdown feasibility and to justify the subsequent experimental efforts
on LAD2 cells and in vivo models. Successful decrease of histamine levels in these models could lead to
clinical trials of RNA interference based nasal sprays as a therapeutic avenue for asthma.
BIO
A Loading System for Fascicle-scale Tensile Testing of
Collagenous Soft Tissue
P-BIO-14
CHRISTOPHER A. ROCK
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems
Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems
Parallel collagen fibers such as ligaments and tendons are composed of fascicles, enclosed in a sheath
of reticular membrane. Although the overall behavior of the fascicles is well established, there is
little information detailing properties of individual fascicles and their interactions. Knowledge of the
structural and biomechanical properties at this ‘mesostructural’ scale (i.e. fascicle-scale) is critical to
understanding tissue pathologies. In a previous study, we measured and reported the nonlinear and
viscoelastic properties for a group of human Achilles’ tendon fascicles. Our current work endeavors to
design an apparatus around testing and imaging individual fascicles.
Effect of High Glucose On Endothelial Cells Under Shear Stress
P-BIO-15
STEVEN F. KEMENY
INTRODUCTION: Endothelial cells line the walls of all blood vessels, where they maintain homeostasis
through control of vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and the growth and regression of blood
vessels. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, affects endothelial cell function. Clinical evidence
suggests interaction between mechanics and high glucose, since diabetic patients have accelerated
atherosclerosis at locations of disturbed blood flow. We hypothesized that high glucose levels enhance
reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells, which changes their response to fluid shear stress. To
investigate this hypothesis, we examined endothelial cell elongation, and alignment under shear stress
in low and high glucose in vitro environments. METHODS: Porcine aortic endothelial cells were exposed
to 20 dynes/cm2 shear stress in a parallel plate flow chamber, and imaged with a phase contrast
microscope to monitor cell morphology changes over time. After each time point, cells were fixed with
4% paraformaldehyde and fluorescently labeled for nuclei (Hoescht) and actin (rhodamine phalloidin).
The fluorescent images were then analyzed for actin fiber alignment with the flow direction. RESULTS:
Cell elongation and actin fiber alignment increase with time of shear stress exposure. Fiber alignment
was more prominent in cells cultured on non-glycated collagen coated substrates, as compared to
glycated collagen coated substrates. Fibers were initially randomly oriented around the cell periphery
and then align with the flow direction across the cell center. FUTURE WORK: Our preliminary data
suggest that both elevated media glucose and glucose-induced alterations in substrate proteins affect
the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress. The increased stiffness of glycated collagen may
prevent changes in the cytoskeleton, or fewer cell binding sites may be available on the glycated
substrate. Several possible mechanisms need to be explored to better understand the changes induced
by high glucose on endothelial cells in the dynamic environment, including reactive oxygen species and
protein kinase C. Future work will include studying cytoskeleton changes from shear stress and reactive
oxygen species production from high glucose in real-time. Through dynamic analysis of how endothelial
cells react to shear stress in hyperglycemic conditions, we can better understand the effect of diabetes
on the vasculature.
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Decreased IL-15 Production and Impaired Natural Killer Cell Activity in
Influenza Infected C57BL/6 Aged Mice
P-BIO-16
SHOKO NOGUSA
Barry W Ritz
Biology
The role of Natural Killer (NK) cells during the innate immune response to primary influenza infection
was investigated in young and aged mice. Young (2~6mon) and aged (22mon) C57BL/6 mice were
infected intranasally with influenza A (H1N1, PR8) and NK cell mediated cytotoxicity was determined
in lung and spleen during the first 3 days of infection. Aged mice demonstrated both a decrease
in influenza-inducible NK cytotoxicity and a reduction in the percentage and number of NK cells
relative to young mice. To establish a role for NK cells in controlling influenza infection, NK cells were
depleted in young mice by injecting anti-NK1.1 antibody prior to infection. Young mice depleted
of NK cells exhibited increased weight loss and elevated lung virus titer during the early course of
infection compared to intact young or aged mice. These data indicate that NK cell function is impaired
in response to primary influenza infection in aged mice, and more importantly, indicate the essential
role of NK cells in controlling virus titers in lung, regardless of age. Importantly, NK cells from young
and aged mice had similar lytic efficiencies during first 3 days of infection. However, aged mice
demonstrated reduced plasma IL-15 levels at day 1 post-infection, relative to young mice. These results
suggest that the environment in which NK cells reside is compromised in aged mice. It is possible
that decreased IL-15 in aged mice may be associated with decreased NK cell proliferation or survival,
resulting in decreased NK cell number and an impaired total NK cell response to influenza infection.
Supported by NIH AG029637-01.
Pharmacological Characterization of Serotonin Receptors In Mice
P-BIO-17
JOHN DOUGHERTY
College of Medicine
Basic: Pharmacology and Physiology
The serotonin (5-HT) 2A and 2C receptors are therapeutically-relevant targets for many disorders and
physiological functions. Mice, rats, and rabbits are all used in an effort to elucidate the numerous roles
of these receptors, and mice provide a particularly promising model for gaining a richer behavioral,
pharmacological, and biochemical understanding of 5-HT2 receptors through use of the wide array
of available transgenic strains. To make full use of this model, we first must know its pharmacological
profile and compare the mouse with other models. Our study was performed to provide a profile of
the basic properties of this receptor. Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were sacrificed, their cortices removed
and frozen until assayed. 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors were examined using 3H-ketanserin and
3H-mesulergine, respectively. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that 3H-ketanserin bound with high
affinity (Kd = 0.45nM) and a density comparable to that observed in other species. 3H-mesulergine also
bound with high affinity (Kd = 0.3nM), but with a density approximately 1/10 of that observed in other
species. Further analysis of 5-HT2A receptors using 3H-ketanserin revealed that the highly-selective
5-HT2A antagonists, spiperone and MDL 11939, showed very high affinity for the mouse 5-HT’2A
receptor. In contrast, the highly-selective 5-HT2C antagonists (SB 206553 and RS 1022221) showed a very
low affinity for the mouse 5-HT2A receptor. Our study demonstrates that 5-HT2C receptor contribution
to binding in mouse cortex is minimal and mice offer an excellent model for examining the 5-HT2A
receptor.
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A Novel Model for The Progression of Skeletal Metastasis In Vivo
P-BIO-18
MIKE RUSSELL
College of Medicine
The majority of breast and prostate cancers metastasize to the bone, resulting in numerous
complications concurrent with a decline in quality of life and, ultimately, death. To date, only palliative
treatments for clinically established skeletal metastases are available. Early events leading to bony
metastases are poorly understood and animal models currently in place only address late-stage tumors.
For instance, studies performed using bioluminescence imaging require at least 2 x 104 viable cells in
order to detect a signal, a number achieved no sooner than 2-3 weeks after tumor growth in the bone.
Similarly, studies of skeletal metastases using radiographic methods require large numbers of cancer
cells in order to be detected. Thus, there is no model that allows for detection of single cancer cells
or small tumor foci at the metastatic site in the early development of bone lesions. We have recently
developed an in vivo model of disseminated prostate cancer which consistently results in aggressive
bone metastases in immunocompromised mice. Tumors are reliably detected in the long bones (e.g.
tibia, femur) following intracardiac inoculation with a relatively small number of fluorescent cancer
cells. Extrapolating from this model, we have been able to visualize tumor cells by use of fluorescence
microscopy in fixed, frozen murine tissue sections collected as rapidly as one day after injection.
The model has proven useful in studying the early arrival and extravasation of cells to the bone
microenvironment, as single cells were detected in the bone of inoculated animals 24 and 72 hours after
inoculation. In addition, we have found all cell types to have extravasated into the bone stroma shortly
after injection, regardless of their metastatic phenotype. The majority of cancer cell lines fail to survive
more than 1 week in the nutrient-rich bone microenvironment, however, supporting the hypothesis
that certain cancer cell types may possess intrinsic bone-tropic ability. Furthermore, acquisition of
serial bone sections in combination with digital imaging has allowed us to measure microscopic tumor
progression through calculation of tumor volume. Utilizing this model, we have observed that PC3-ML
prostate cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells progress rapidly to form macroscopic bone
tumors four weeks after injection. This model has also allowed us to investigate the involvement of
osteoclasts in the establishment and progression of early skeletal tumor growth. Our findings show that
osteoclasts are recruited only when the metastasis has reached a critical mass. In conclusion, our results
show that our model of skeletal metastasis is useful for studying early tumor-stromal interactions. In
addition, this model can be utilized to evaluate therapeutic compounds aimed at the prevention of
cancer cell lodging at metastatic sites as well as the inhibition of microscopic tumor progression and
development.
The Interactions Between The Chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine and Its
Receptor CX3CR1 Contribute To The Early Arrival of Circulating Cancer
Cells To The Skeleton
P-BIO-19
WHITNEY JAMIESON
College of Medicine
Skeletal metastases result from a multitude of cancers and are a significant problem, causing extreme
pain and, eventually, death. Eighty to ninety percent of breast (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa)
patients develop late-stage bone metastases. Unfortunately, only palliative treatments for clinically
established skeletal metastases are available. It is, therefore, essential that the mechanisms involved
in the colonization of the bone by cancer cells are fully understood in order to develop effective
preventive treatments. We have shown that the chemokine fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) mediates
adhesion of prostate cancer cells to bone marrow endothelial cells (BMEC) as well as their migration
16
Conformations, Aggregation, and Hydrogel formation of an Alanine-based
Oligopeptide in Aqueous Solution
P-BIO-20
THOMAS J. MEASEY
Chemistry
Polyalanine peptides doped with a small number of charged residues typically adopt ?-helical
conformations in aqueous solution if the number of residues exceeds a certain threshold value. Helical
wheel projections of peptides based on the repeating unit (AAKA)n clearly illustrate the amphiphilic
nature of the peptides, with all of the lysine residues residing on the same side of the helix. The
amphipathic nature of these peptides distinguishes both them and their behavior in solution from
various other polyalanine peptides of similar length. At milimolar concentrations, Ac-(AAKA)4-NH2
forms soluble aggregates in solution, and undergoes a phase transition to a flexible hydrogel upon salt
addition. This system represents a new class of hydrogel-forming oligopeptides, and offers potential
applications in the fields of drug delivery and tissue engineering. Vibrational spectroscopic results will
be presented of both the gelled and un-gelled peptide solution, coupled with results obtained from UVCD spectroscopy, AFM imaging, and rheological measurements.
Ligand-Dependent Behavioral Recovery After Pharmacological Treatment
In The Rabbit
P-BIO-21
EMMANUELLE SCHINDLER
College of Medicine
Serotonin2A (5HT2A) receptors signal through phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis and are associated
with head movement behavior. The literature typically reports correlations in the density-signalbehavior relationship, but some find discordance among measures as well. Many of these studies are
limited by the use of a single probe drug. Thus, in this study we measured changes in 5HT2A receptor
density, PI hydrolysis signaling, and drug-elicited head bobbing behavior using various agents. Rabbits
were given daily injections of 5HT2A/2B/2C agonist DOI (3umol/kg) or saline for eight days. One to
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toward human osteoblasts in vitro. We have hypothesized that FKN expressed on the surface of BMECs
as well as FKN secreted by bone cells may recruit cancer cells expressing the FKN receptor, CX3CR1
(Shulby et al., 2004; Jamieson et al., 2008). We further hypothesize that the interaction between FKN
and CX3CR1 is especially important in early steps of metastasis and that this chemokine-receptor pair
contributes to cancer cells’ selective colonization of the skeleton. In order to examine our hypothesis,
we have developed an animal model in which we inject green-fluorescent human prostate or breast
cancer cells. We detect single cancer cells in the bone microenvironment of immunocompromised,
as well as immune-competent mice, 24 hours after inoculation. We have previously shown that this
timepoint is sufficient for extravasation (Russell et al., 2009). Injection of BCa cells in FKN-null mice
shows a significantly decreased propensity for the bone. In parallel, in mice inoculated with BCa cells
exogenously over-expressing CX3CR1, an increase in BCa cells arriving in the bone is observed compared
to inoculation with wild-type cells. We present here a novel in vivo model for identification of single
cells rapidly following their arrival to the skeleton. Our data show that disruption of the interactions
between the chemokine fractalkine and CX3CR1 results in a reduced ability of cancer cell occupation
of the bone stroma. These data support the idea that the CX3CR1-FKN pair is centrally involved in
the arrival of cancer cells to the bone and represents an attractive therapeutic target aimed toward
prevention of skeletal metastases.
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eight days after the last injection, some animals were sacrificed and frontocortical tissue harvested
for receptor density and PI hydrolysis analysis. Other animals were first challenged with either DOI
(300nmol/kg) or LSD (30nmol/kg), watched for head bobs for 60 minutes, and then sacrificed for
receptor density analysis. One day after chronic treatment, 5HT2A receptor density, 5HT- and DOIinduced PI hydrolysis, and LSD-, and DOI-elicited head bobs were significantly reduced as compared to
controls. In the days following cessation of drug administration, all measures returned to control levels,
except DOI-elicited head bobs, which remained significantly reduced throughout the 8 day recovery
period. These findings confirm the density-signal relationship for 5HT2A receptors, but reveal a liganddependent discordance in behavioral recovery. Pharmacological differences between LSD and DOI may
address this asymmetry. For instance, LSD appears to remain bound to the 5HT2A receptor longer than
DOI. The two agents also exhibit functional selectivity at 5HT2A receptor signaling, which will be the
focus of future studies.
Surfactant Stabilized Ultrasound Contrast Agent: Addition of
Cryoprotectants and Targeting Ligands
P-BIO-23
CARL SOLIS
Contrast agents (CA) have improved the resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound scans by
increasing the acoustic mismatch that naturally exists between different tissues and between blood and
tissue. Addition of a targeting ligand (e.g. RGD peptide) to CA enables specific attachment to receptors
on certain cancer cells, allowing for early detection and diagnosis. This poster focuses on the possibility
of attaching targeting ligands (in this case a marker dye) using various length Polyethylene Glycol (Peg)
spacer arms between the ligand and the CA as well as using cryoprotectants to stabilize the freezedried bubbles upon reconstitution. Glucose was found to be the best cryoprotectant, providing in-vitro
acoustic enhancement of approximately 20dB and a half life of over 10 minutes, and visibly improved
in-vivo enhancement. Attachment of the marker dye demonstrated the feasibility of the attachment
method.
Repeated Exposure To A Stressful Environment Sensitizes
the 5-HT2A receptor
P-BIO-24
LAURA SCARLOTA
College of Medicine
Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are involved in regulation of the stress response. One stressor, novel
environment exposure, is mediated by 5-HT2A receptors as measured by rabbit head-bob behavior.
Our goal was to determine if repeated exposure to the open-field modifies 5-HT2A receptors and
behavior. New Zealand rabbits were observed in an open-field chamber for an hour, once daily for
6 days. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure to the open-field, rabbits were treated with the
5-HT2A/2C agonist, DOI (0.3umol/kg). The open-field group had significantly more DOI-elicited headbobs than home cage rabbits. Pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist, ketanserin (1umol/kg),
significantly attenuated DOI-elicited head-bobs in rabbits exposed to the open-field by 65% compared
with saline. These results demonstrate that chronic open-field causes behavioral sensitization of the
5-HT2A receptor. To determine if this behavior corresponds to an increase in 5-HT2A receptor density,
rabbits were sacrificed and frontal cortices were obtained. Receptor density was measured by saturation
binding using [3H]ketanserin. There was no significant difference in the density of open-field or home
18
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) In Monocytic Cells By The Failed
Microbicide Carrageenan Results In HIV-1 LTR Expression
P-BIO-26
SHAWN KEOGAN
Vanessa Pirrone, Shendra Passic, Evelyn Kilareski, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs
College of Medicine
Microbicides are intended for use by women in order to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Carraguard, the topical vaginal formulation of carrageenan, is a
polyanionic compound that was among the first agents to undergo clinical evaluation. Unfortunately,
despite strong evidence of carrageenan’s in vitro antiviral activity, Phase III clinical trials concluded that
the agent was ineffective in preventing HIV-1 transmission. This stresses the need for continued study
of carrageenan in order to determine why microbicides continue to fail and how to improve current
pre-clinical research methods. Previous studies on carrageenan as a food additive have demonstrated
its ability to act as an agonist for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern recognition receptor involved
in initiating the innate immune response during pathogen invasion. Based on these observations, we
hypothesize that the anti-HIV-1 activity of carrageenan may be offset by its capacity to increase HIV1 gene expression through stimulation of TLR4. Exposure of transfected human monocytic cells to
carrageenan has resulted in an increase in HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) activity. This suggests that
application may result in an increased ability of HIV-1 to infect cells or increased viral replication in cells
already infected with HIV-1. Future studies will include experiments looking at this effect during HIV-1
infection in order to determine an explanation for the failure of carrageenan as a microbicide in clinical
trials.
Identification of Plasmodium Yoelii 17X-encoded RBC Surface Proteins That
Mediate Adherence of Infected Reticulocytes To A Murine Endothelial Cell
Line
P-BIO-28
AMY CERNETICH-OTT
Thomas M. Daly, Lawrence W. Bergman, James M. Burns, Jr.
College of Medicine
Of the four species of Plasmodium that infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum is most frequently
associated with severe disease and mortality. However, there is growing appreciation that Plasmodium
vivax also causes severe disease. The P. falciparum genome includes the var multigene family, which
encodes for an antigenically diverse set of erythrocyte membrane proteins (PfEMPs). PfEMP1 expression
on the infected RBC (iRBC) surface is responsible for both antigenic variation and adherence of iRBCs to
vascular endothelium. In some cases this cytoadherence leads to cerebral malaria and death. Unlike P.
falciparum, which infects both normocytes and reticulocytes, P. vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes.
How P. vivax and other reticulocyte-restricted parasites efficiently invade their target cells is unknown,
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cage rabbits suggesting down-stream mechanisms or secondary receptor systems may be responsible
for behavioral sensitization. Further experiments showed the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, attenuates
acute novelty-elicited head-bobs, thus future studies will examine the role of 5-HT1A receptors in the
DOI response. Since aberrant signaling of the 5-HT2A receptor has been implicated in affective disorders
and stress has been shown to exacerbate these disorders, the current findings involving stress-induced
sensitization of the 5-HT2A receptor may have relevance in understanding neural mechanisms of these
conditions.
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given that reticulocytes are scarce in peripheral circulation. One possibility is that these parasites
sequester in erythropoietic tissue, such as the bone marrow and spleen, in order to access target cells.
As the var genes and PfEMP1 expression are unique to P. falciparum, the parasite-encoded adhesins that
mediate sequestration in other species are not known. Using a reticulocyte-restricted murine malaria
parasite, Plasmodium yoelii 17X, we have developed an in vitro adherence assay to isolate parasites
from adherent and non-adherent RBCs. Using DNA microarrays and a bioinformatics approach, we
have compiled a list of P. yoelii candidate adhesins whose expression is consistently associated with the
adherence phenotype. We hypothesize that these encode parasite adhesins that are expressed on the
iRBC surface that mediate sequestration in vivo. To test this, we have produced recombinant proteins
for two candidate adhesins and have generated polyclonal sera to examine protein localization. We
plan to identify surface-expressed candidate adhesins and first evaluate their role in adherence using
our in vitro system. Future studies will examine P. yoelii 17X sequestration in vivo and immunization
with candidate adhesins will attempt to block this sequestration.
Macromolecular Crowding Increases Mechanical Stability of Proteins - The
Effect of Crowding Agent Size
P-BIO-29
MARISA ROMAN
Physics
Protein molecules exist in the crowded environments of cell interior. It is known that this crowdedness
modifies the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of proteins. In the current work, an atomic force
microscope based single molecule manipulation method was used to study the macromolecular
crowding effects on the forces required to unfold individual protein molecules. Dextran molecules of
different molecular weights were used in solution as the crowding agents. It was found that the forces
required to unfold both types of proteins are enhanced when the solution is crowded with Dextran
molecules and that the size of the crowding agents appears to influence the magnitude of the effect,
where higher forces are needed when the size of the crowder is comparable to the size of the protein.
Cold Plasma Inactivation of Bacteria on Dry or Wet Surfaces: Mechanisms
of DNA Mutation and Peroxidation of Phospholipids
P-BIO-30
ADAM D. YOST
Peroxidation of phospholipid membrane may be a key mechanism in inactivation of microorganisms.
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated by cold plasma in atmospheric air induce membrane
peroxidation, creating a cascade of peroxyl radical reactionss. Based on the location of the radical on
the lipid, multiple by-products can be formed, including an abundance of hydrogen peroxide. However,
conformational changes that occur before further oxidation can yield different resulting compounds.
After two cyclic conformational changes, the compound malondialdehyde (MDA) is formed. MDA
is a highly reactive 3 carbon dialdehyde. When it interacts with DNA, large and bulky DNA adducts
are formed. These adducts can lead to nucleotide interchanges, causing DNA mutation and lack of
functionality. When mixed with thiobarbituria acid (TBA), the compound MDA-TBA2 is formed. The
concentration of this adduct can be visualized and quantified by strong absorption at 532 nm, and
was analyzed via fluorescent spectrometry. Results and analysis of MDA production and bacterial
inactivation due to plasma treatment of Escherichia Coli will be presented.
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Toward a Model of Intervertebral Disc Herniation using Normal and
Degenerative Failure Criteria based on Annulus Fibrosus
Laminar Micromechanics
P-BIO-31
JESSICA ISAACS
Sandeep Gidvani, Dana Bonfiglio
Annular tears, which are an early indication of disc herniation, are related to lower back pain but
their relationship to IVD degradation and load is currently unknown. The overall goal is to develop a
micro-mechanical model to understand the relationship between IVD biochemical degradation and
herniation through the failure mechanisms within the annulus fibrosus. Herniation of the lumbar IVD is
characterized by a radial displacement of nuclear or annular material and can result due to a traumatic
event, mechanical overload under unfavorable conditions, or due to the degenerative process of
aging. Concurrently, the amounts of collagen and elastin within the IVD change with age; they initially
increase, peak, and then steadily decrease. Collagenase and Elastase enzymes mimic degeneration of
the AF by removing collagen and elastin from the tissue, respectively. To understand the mechanical
consequences of these degenerative changes, we have developed a single lamellar model to test AF
lamellar biomechanics in plane and transverse to the collagen and elastin fiber direction using a micromechanical test protocol. The purpose of this study was to develop a digestion protocol for mechanical
testing of the AF, which mimics the degenerative conditions in vivo. Force-displacement curves of three
sets of samples (Control, 10 U Elastase, 10 U Collagenase) were obtained. The stiffness and hysteresis
of the three groups were compared to determine the effect of digestion in the microtensile properties
of individual lamellae of the disc. By understanding the micromechanical behavior of the disc, we can
begin to build fracture mechanical models of the macroscopic herniation condition.
In Vitro Enhancement of HIV-1 Infection By Select Polyanionic Compounds
As A Possible Explanation for Their Clinical Failures As Microbicides
P-BIO-32
VANESSA PIRRONE
Shendra Passic, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs
College of Medicine
Increasing efforts are being directed toward the development of topical vaginal products, called
microbicides, which will be used to reduce or eliminate the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (HIV-1) sexual transmission. Polyanionic compounds, which interact non-specifically with HIV-1 gp120
to block infection, were among the first agents evaluated clinically for their potential as microbicide
agents. Unfortunately, Phase III clinical trials involving polyanion-containing formulations (Carraguard
and Ushercell) demonstrated that these products were ineffective and may have, in some instances,
increased the risk of HIV-1 infection. These findings precipitated a reassessment of the in vitro activities
of these agents to determine if variables that can affect agent safety and efficacy had been overlooked
during pre-clinical testing. One such variable is product retention and loss following topical application
in the female reproductive tract. By mimicking product loss in vitro, we showed that several polyanionic
compounds, including those involved in clinical trial failures, caused enhancement of HIV-1 infection
following compound removal, despite their potent antiviral activity when introduced simultaneously
with the viral challenge. The presence and magnitude of this effect was compound-specific, dependent
on the interval between compound removal and virus challenge, and independent of HIV-1 co-receptor
usage. Compounds that enhanced HIV-1 infection in this assay increased levels of HIV-1 infection up
to 10-fold. More detailed studies are now underway to determine the mechanism responsible for this
enhancement effect and to determine the contributions of this effect to the clinical failures of agents.
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CXCL12 Inhibits NMDA-induced Calcium Responses In Cortical Neurons
and Alters The Expression of The NR2B Subunit
P-BIO-33
JACLYN NICOLAI
College of Medicine
The chemokine CXCL12 (known as SDF-1) is constitutively expressed in the central nervous system
and plays important roles in regulation of neuronal/glial function in developing and adult brain.
Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that activation of CXCR4, the specific CXCL12 receptor,
is involved in neuronal survival under normal and pathological conditions, such as neuroAIDS. We have
previously demonstrated that stimulation of CXCR4 by the chemokine promotes activation of neuronal
survival pathways and protects neurons from excitotoxicity, including NMDA-induced cell death. NMDA
receptor (NMDAR) activation is required for physiological neuronal function. However, over-activation
can lead to excessive rise in intracellular calcium leading to cell death. NMDAR is composed of two
obligatory NR1 subunits and two regulatory subunits (NR2A-C or NR3A/B). Recent studies suggest that
receptor subtype and localization contribute differently to neuronal survival. Some data suggest that
NR2A receptors play a neuroprotective role while NR2B-containing channels lead to neuronal death.
We hypothesized that CXCL12 may protect neurons from NMDA neurotoxicity by modulating the
expression of NMDA receptor subunits. To test this hypothesis, we asked whether CXCL12 was required
during NMDA treatment to protect neurons or if a CXCL12 pretreatment was sufficient to prevent cell
death induced by a following NMDA treatment. Rat primary cortical neurons were pre-treated with
CXCL12 (20nM) for 24hr and then exposed to NMDA (20 min, 100uM; in Mg free solution with 15uM
glycine) or vehicle (same solution without NMDA). Neuronal survival was evaluated the next day using a
combination of vital/nuclear dyes. These experiments showed a significant reduction in NMDA-induced
cell death in neurons treated with CXCL12. Moreover, Western Blot and RT-PCR analysis reveals a
reduction in NR2B protein and mRNA in CXCL12 treated neurons, whereas no changes in NR1 or NR2A
were observed. Similarly, Ca2+-imaging studies indicate that the CXCL12 pretreatment also reduces
the intracellular calcium increase caused by NMDA. This effect is abolished by co-treatment with the
CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 (100ng/ml). Preliminary studies with ifenprodil (NMDAR antagonist that
preferentially blocks NR2B- containing channels) further support the role of NR2B in mediating CXCL12
effect. These findings suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 may prevent NMDA induced toxicity by altering the
function of NMDA receptors via the regulation of their subunit composition.
Bacterial Diversity in Drosophila simulans
P-BIO-34
RACHANA KOYA
Biology
Different species of Drosophila have been used as paradigms for an array of biology research topics.
However, the associated bacteria have not been studied in extensive detail. In order to gain a better
understanding of the bacterial communities associated with Drosophila simulans, we amplified 16S
rRNA genes of bacteria using universal primers 9Fa and 1513r. Thereafter, the bacterial DNA was cloned
and sequenced. We then aimed to address the following questions: What kinds of different bacterial
taxa are present? How are they related to one another? What are the similarities or differences
between the bacteria present in different strains of Drosophila simulans? We hypothesized that the
most prevalent bacteria present will be Wolbachia. Results will be obtained from the analysis of the
sequences using phylogenetic methods, BLAST, and/or pairwise distances. Studying the bacterial
community in Drosophila will provide insight into host-pathogen interactions and transmissions of
diseases.
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The Conservation Status of Bioko Island Turtles in Equatorial Guinea,
West Africa
P-BIO-35
MARIYA OSIPCHUK
Heidi Rader, Shaya Honarvar, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
Four species of turtles are known to nest on the 19 km of black sand beaches along the southern shores
of Bioko Island. For the past eight years (2000 to 2008) the Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program (an
academic partnership between Drexel University and the National University of Equatorial Guinea) has
employed local patrols to record turtle activity on these beaches. The total number of nests per nesting
beach was counted for all four turtle species. Leatherback nests were the most common, followed by
green turtles, olive ridley and hawksbill nests. We observed a significant increase in number of olive
ridley nests. However, there were no significant changes in the number of nests of other turtle species.
There was a beach preference. Leatherbacks seem to nest more on the South East of the Island whereas
green turtles prefer the South West part of the Island. Further studies are underway to discover the
possible reasons for these preferences.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Mitochondrial Disease in Patients
Using Buccal Swab
P-BIO-36
TEDDY KURUVILLA
Harold Marks, Agustin Legido
College of Medicine
Clinical: Pediatrics
The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial disease (MD) in children including Leigh disease, Alpers,
MELAS and MERRF syndromes are heterogenous and multifaceted making their diagnosis often quite
challenging. A standard approach to MD diagnostic analysis has utilized the analysis of mitochondrial
respiratory enzymes (in particular complex I and IV activities ) and of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
defects in biopsied skeletal muscle, which is highly invasive, expensive and difficult for infants and
young children. Our objective has been to develop and validate a non-invasive analysis of more easily
obtained buccal swabs to provide both molecular genetic and informative biochemical data for the
evaluation and diagnosis of MD. We have adapted a newly developed ‘dipstick’ analytical methodology
for sensitively monitoring respiratory complex I and IV activities and specific mitochondrial frataxin
content and examined its reliability to detect specific enzymatic dysfunction in buccal swabs of patients
with established mitochondrial enzyme defects as well as in non-affected controls. In addition, overall
levels of buccal mtDNA were assessed by semi-quantitative PCR analysis as were the presence of
screened pathogenic mtDNA mutations. Using buccal extracts from unaffected children (ages: 2-16),
a standard curve has been constructed and mean and SDs have been calculated. The analysis has thus
far found that two patients with previously documented complex I defects (by muscle biopsy) had
similarly defective buccal complex I activity with a normal complex IV activity. In addition, one patient
with an extensively reduced skeletal muscle complex IV activity exhibited an extensively reduced buccal
complex IV activity with a normal complex I activity level. A newer patient with suspected mitochondrial
cytopathy was found to contain defects in buccal activities of both complex I and IV and will be tested
for skeletal muscle activities shortly. No defects in mtDNA levels or integrity have yet been revealed in
these patients.These data may prove useful as a first step in establishing the diagnostic utility of this
relatively non-invasive approach to detecting mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction and may shed light
on its underlying mechanisms in pediatric MD.
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The Use of Molecular Techniques in Stream Food Webs
P-BIO-37
KAREN SULLAM
Susan Kilham, Jacob Russell
Biology
The flow of energy through an ecosystem is an important component of its structure and functioning.
A fundamental way to track the path of energy is to reconstruct food webs. Because an organism’s
feeding behavior in the field can be difficult to observe, the identification of an organism’s diet
typically relies on visual gut analysis. A shortcoming of visual inspection is that semi-digested prey can
be difficult to identify. To enhance dietary analysis, we are utilizing DNA-based methods to detect
the dietary items in the guts of stream organisms. We have employed universal primers developed
in previous studies to amplify consumers and their dietary DNA. Genbank and BOLD databases were
used to compile the sequences of potential prey items, and based on these and consumer sequences,
restriction digests were used to eliminate consumer DNA. In addition, a species-specific approach
was developed to detect the consumption of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) by killifish (Rivulus hartii).
Rivulus guts were tested for the presence of guppy DNA after intervals of 5-13 and 16-24 hrs. postconsumption. It was found that after 16 hours the detection of the consumed guppy is substantially
limited, suggesting that Rivulus digest guppies within that time frame. Overall, the use of dietary DNA
is a promising tool to enhance the detection of prey items and to gain better taxonomic resolution of
dietary items.
Oscillatory Magnetic Fields Enhance Transport of Magnetic Nanoparticles
In Viscous Gel
P-BIO-38
CRISSY MACDONALD
Magnetic particles (MP) have been extensively investigated in biomedicine over the past two decades.
One of the most promising applications of MPs in medicine is targeted delivery of various therapies to
designated locations in the body. However, this potential has not been realized clinically in part due
to difficulties in transporting the particles through soft tissue to different target sites in the body. In
soft tissue, due to existence of non-zero yield stress, MP may not move at all if the external magnetic
force does not exceed a certain minimal value. Thus, it was hypothesized that transport of MP through
viscous gel (a model of soft tissue) can be controlled by the application of a combined AC (time-varying)
magnetic field and static field gradients. Polylactide-based magnetic particles (~300 nm) used in these
studies were prepared by a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method incorporating 1050% (w/w) magnetite. The magnetic setup consisted of an AC electromagnet (operated at frequencies
of 50 and 100 Hz) that created a ‘vibrating’ field perpendicular to the motion of the MP toward a
neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet. MP velocity and MP transport efficiency experiments were
completed in a smooth, translucent gel (15,000 cp). The MPs were exposed to either a static field
resulting from the NdFeB magnet or to a combination of a static and an alternating field resulting
from the AC electromagnet. The efficiency of MP transport was determined spectrophotometrically by
quantifying the fraction of MP that traveled 8-10 mm after 30 minutes of exposure to the field. Our
data demonstrate that combined application of an AC field with static field gradients resulted in an
increased MP velocity in viscous gel at both studied frequencies. The MP velocity increased linearly with
the increment in magnetite loadings from 10 to 50% (w/w). The MP transport efficiency in viscous gel
was shown to increase about 20-fold (48.1% over the 2.61% at combined AC and static field vs. only
static field) for MP loaded with 30% magnetite (w/w). Further increase in magnetite loading up to 50%
(w/w) resulted in less pronounced differences in MP velocities (2-3 fold). These results clearly suggest
that the application of an AC magnetic ‘shaking’ greatly improves the ability to transport MPs to the
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desired location within soft media most likely by reducing the effective yield stress and viscous drag.
*Research funded by NIH Ruth Kirschstein National Research Service Award for Pre-Doctoral Fellows
A Dielectrophoretic Device for Testing Single Cell Mechanics
P-BIO-39
GREESHMA MANOMOHAN
Kavitha Rajendran
Mechanics play a critical role in cell health. While there are various techniques that exist to study
cell mechanics, no single methodology can answer all biomechanics questions. Dielectrophoresis,
the force induced on a polarizable particle in a spatially non-uniform electric field, has been used to
trap individual cells. We have designed and tested a dielectrophoretic cell mechanics device to apply
piconewton forces to a single, asymmetric attached cell without physical contact. This device uses a
negative dielectrophoretic force to trap individual cells, after which cells attach to the device substrate.
This force is then reapplied to mechanically stimulate the attached cells, and cell displacement is
measured via microscopy. Modeling, design and successful fabrication of a quadrupole electrode DEP
device was accomplished. Initial tests were conducted on the device with 10 ‘m polystyrene beads to
test the trapping efficiency. Cell trapping was successfully achieved on the quadrupole electrode with
a 50 ‘m center diameter that generated forces of 7 e-18 N. Cell deformation tests were conducted by
applying unidirectional forces, and a maximum of 9.1 ‘m cell deformation was produced with a force of
0.5 ‘N. By integrating the device with a microchannel and controlling flow rate, cell trapping efficiency
can be improved. Susbstrate functionalization by protein printing in the center space allows regulation
of the cell adherence spot. This device can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of single
cells under diverse conditions and improve our understanding of cell mechanics in healthy and diseased
states.
Profiling Stress Responses in Aging Fibroblasts
P-BIO-40
NIRUPAMA YALAMANCHILI
Our objective is to understand the basal changes in the cell signaling and metabolic processes involved
in organismal aging that may lead to increased cellular stress. We determined genome-wide steadystate messenger RNA levels in quiescent human fibroblasts derived from donors aged 22 to 92 years.
Quiescence is introduced by way of 24 hour mitogen deprivation. We show that fibroblasts from
old donors undergo transcriptional changes indicative of changes in metabolic processes, organelle
dysfunction, and markers of cellular stress. Specifically, the gene expression signature included increased
levels of cytokines, chemokines, components of the complement cascade and MHC molecules. These
age-associated changes in transcriptional patterns were accompanied by enhanced NF-?B DNA binding
activity. We investigate possible functional mechanisms related to NF-?B activation and show that NF?B activity is correlated with an altered cellular redox state and diminished mitochondrial respiratory
capacity in aged cells. Our results are consistent with the view that low-grade inflammation, a hallmark
of many age-associated diseases, is a cell-autonomous phenomenon and part of a cellular survival
process in aging fibroblasts. Such changes may initiate or sustain age-related diseases including
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases, as well as
metabolic disorders, in which presence of low-grade chronic inflammation has been observed.
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Quantitative Measurement of Wound Healing in Human Diabetic Foot
Ulcers with Diffuse Near Infrared Methodology
P-BIO-41
MICHAEL NEIDRAUER
Leonid Zubkov, Xiang Mao, Varshana Gurusamy, Kambiz Pourrezaei, Michael S. Weingarten, Elisabeth S.
Papazoglou
A human study was completed that demonstrated the effectiveness of in vivo diffuse near Infrared
spectroscopy (NIR) in differentiating healing from non-healing foot ulcers in diabetic patients.
Diffuse NIR is a non-invasive technology that can be used to assess the hemoglobin concentration
and oxygenation levels at a depth of several millimeters beneath the surface of a wound. Twelve
chronic diabetic wounds were evaluated using diffuse NIR to assess changes in sub-surface hemoglobin
concentration over time. Both the wound site and a non-wounded control site were evaluated.
Wound size was measured using digital photography and wound contraction was compared to the
NIR results. Each patient was measured on a weekly or biweekly basis until wound closure, limb
amputation, or 16 visits. Out of 12 patients, five wounds healed, three limbs were amputated due
to sepsis, and four wounds remained open after 16 visits. In all wounds, initial values of sub-surface
hemoglobin concentration were higher than those of the control sites. Hemoglobin concentration at
the control sites remained constant in each patient over time. In the wounds that healed, hemoglobin
concentration at the wound site decreased consistently for several weeks prior to closure, approaching
hemoglobin levels at the control sites. In wounds that did not heal over 16 weeks or were amputated,
the total hemoglobin concentration did not decrease and did not approach the control site values. A
statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the rates of change in hemoglobin concentration between
healing and non-healing wounds was found. Near infrared evaluation of wounds may provide an
indication of wound healing earlier in the treatment cycle than the current clinical methods of wound
measurement and assessment.
UV-CD Kinetics Study of Poly-L-Proline In Aqueous Solution
At High Temperatures
P-BIO-42
LONNA TOOKE
Chemistry
In aqueous solution, at room temperatures, poly-L-proline (PLP) predominantly adopts a relatively
open left-handed 31-helix, termed polyproline II (PPII). The corresponding far UV electronic circular
dichroism (UV-ECD) spectrum exhibits a pronounced minimum at 204 nm, and a much less intense
maximum at 228 nm. At higher temperatures, PLP is known to aggregate and precipitate out of
solution. We will present a UV-CD study of PLP aggregation onto the inner surface of a quartz cell at a
peptide concentration of 2 mg/mL, and temperatures above 60’C. When poly-L-proline is incubated in
a quartz cell for two hours at temperatures above 60’C, a gradual decay of the PPII signal is observed.
This PPII signal decay is believed to be caused by aggregation on the inner surface of the cell. The
rate of aggregate formation depends strongly on the incubation temperature. A further structural
characterization of the obtained poly-L-proline film and a thermodynamic analysis are currently being
carried out in our laboratory.
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Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine: Synthesis,
Biocompatibility Studies and Tissue Engineering Applications
P-BIO-43
KIVILCIM BUYUKHATIPOGLU
Alisa Morss Clyne
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used in diverse applications, including targeted drug
delivery, magnetic resonance imaging and hyperthermic malignant cell therapy. In the current work,
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were produced by flame synthesis, which has improved
nanoparticle property control and is capable of commercial production rates with minimal postprocessing. The iron oxide nanoparticle material characteristics were analyzed by electron microscopy
and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, a proprietary solid freeform fabrication based direct cell writing
system was used to create three dimensional magnetically functionalized tissue engineering constructs.
Flame synthesis produced a heterogenous mixture of 6-12 nm diameter hematite and magnetite
nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties. Endothelial cell ESEM images, confirmed by EDS,
demonstrated that flame synthesized nanoparticles are ingested into cells in a similar manner to
commercially available nanoparticles. The flame synthesized particles showed no statistically significant
toxicity difference from commercially available nanoparticles, as measured by Live/Dead assay, Alamar
blue, and lactase dehydrogenase release. Neither type of nanoparticle affected cell proliferation
induced by FGF-2. A multinozzle direct cell writing system was used for freeform construction of
biopolymer 3D tissue scaffolds with embedded superparamagnetic nanoparticles either in the
biopolymer or inside cells. The superparamagnetic nanoparticles were relatively nontoxic to porcine
aortic endothelial cells during cell printing. Nanoparticles printed within the biopolymer scaffold
could be manipulated using a magnetic field, as could cells loaded with magnetic nanoparticles. The
magnetic nanoparticles were imaged inside the biopolymer scaffolds by Micro Computed Tomography
(MicroCT). These data suggest that combustion synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are comparable to
commercially available nanoparticles for biological applications, yet flame synthesis is a simpler process
with higher purity products and lower manufacturing costs. Printing superparamagnetic nanoparticles
within three-dimensional tissue scaffolds could be used to add bioactive factors or specific cell types
into a tissue engineered structure, and later to move or remove these agents. Additionally, the
bioactive agents or cells could be imaged within the tissue by magnetic resonance imaging or computed
tomography.
Novel Electrophysiological and Neurochemical Properties of Stress-Related
Non-Serotonergic Cells In The Caudal Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
P-BIO-44
RANI VASUDEVA
College of Medicine
Basic: Neurobiology and Anatomy
Anxiety afflicts 18% of the US adult population, making it a prominent disease in our society. Serotonin
(5HT) plays a major role in CNS stress circuitry, and therapeutics that act on this system have been
effective in treating anxiety. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is one of the main 5HT projections to
the forebrain and is linked to the stress circuit. It can be divided into subregions and has a distinct
neurochemical topography. About 50% of the cells in the DRN contain 5HT; other transmitters present
include gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, and nitric oxide. Prior research has linked
neurons in the DRN expressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the stress response, particularly those in
the caudal lateral wing (cLW) subregion, where 5HT is absent. This study investigates the physiology
of NOS cells in the anesthetized animal, their response to 5HT1A agonist, and potential co-localization
with GABA decarboxylase (GAD) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Due to the absence
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of 5HT, we predict that cells in the cLW have different electrophysiological properties compared to
the 5HT-rich, NOS-deficient, rostral LW (rLW). Additionally, it is unlikely cLW neurons co-localize GABA
based on established characteristics of GABAergic neurons. The possibility exists that cLW cells colocalize VAChT due to the proximity of ACh neurons in the adjacent laterodorsal tegmental area. We
found baseline electrophysiological data collected from the rLW to be consistent with established
values for 5HT neurons, while baseline cLW data indicates cells in this subregion are different from
5HT cells. Comparison of firing regularity shows that cLW cells are significantly more ‘bursty’ than the
regular firing rLW cells. Systemic administration of 5HT1A agonist suggests that NOS neurons in the
cLW, which express the 5HT1A receptor, are less sensitive to the drug than 5HT neurons in the rLW.
Lastly, NOS neurons in the LW, but not the midline, colocalize VAChT. These data suggest that these
cells are modulated by seroton5HT but are electrophysiologically and neurochemically different than
5HT neurons in the rLW. Further investigation regarding the projections of the cLW and the behavior
of these cells in the waking animal will further delineate their role in the stress response and their
relationship with 5HT neurons in the DRN.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography: A
Multimodal Imaging Approach
P-BIO-45
ANNA C. MERZAGORA
Meltem Izzetoglu, Robi Polikar, Valerie Weisser, Banu Onaral, Maria T. Schultheis
The application of a variety of neuroimaging modalities to the study of neuroscience has greatly
expanded our knowledge about brain activity associated with perceptual, cognitive, emotional and
behavioral processes, in health and disease. In particular, neuroimaging techniques have contributed to
the investigation of the specialization and integration of different cerebral areas in the normal brain
and to the study of brain dysfunction in varying disorders. Nonetheless, the current understanding of
the relation between brain activity and behavior is still limited.
One of the restricting factors is the inherent complexity of the system to be investigated. In fact,
most task designs try to manipulate one cognitive network at a time but human behavior results
from the interaction between multiple components (e.g., attention, orienting response or short-term
memory). Additionally, the macroscopic brain activity represents the synchronized firing of a neuronal
network; this focal intensification in neural activity is in turn associated with an increment of neuronal
metabolism, a coupled increase in local blood flow and blood volume and specific changes in blood
oxygenation in the area of interest.
Therefore, given the complexity of the investigated processes, the use of multimodal approaches is
gaining the interest of the scientific community. The underlying principle is that all neuroimaging
techniques provide in vivo measures of brain function but each has its own set of assets and drawbacks.
Hence, the combination of multiple imaging modalities with complementing strengths would partially
overcome the limitations encountered when using each single modality.
Valuable candidates for a multimodal approach to cognitive neuroscience are functional near-infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). fNIRS is a brain imaging technology which
relies on optical techniques to detect changes in the hemodynamic activity within the cortex in
response to sensory, motor, or cognitive activation. fNIRS relies on the placement of near-infrared
light sources and detectors on the scalp. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb and
deoxy-Hb respectively) are the dominant light absorbing elements within the brain at the near infrared
wavelengths and have different absorption patterns of light in the near-infrared range. Thus, fNIRS
can record changes in oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb concentrations, which occur during brain activation. This
technology is safe, non-invasive, affordable and easily implementable in a portable system. Additionally,
fNIRS is able to provide information about the specific localization of the recorded hemodynamic
activity. However, it offers poor ability to resolve events in time. Its time resolution is constrained by
28
In this effort, we integrate fNIRS and EEG to evaluate the behavioral performance of six healthy adults
in a working memory task. To this end, features extracted from fNIRS and EEG were used separately, as
well as in combination and their performances were compared against each other.
How Can We Use Ferrofluid To Measure E. Coli Chemotaxis?
P-BIO-47
ZHIYU WANG
Bahrad Sokhansanj, Gail Rosen, Gary Friedman
Like many bacteria, Escherichia coli moves in the direction of a chemical gradient. Tracking E. coli
chemotaxis is not only significant for research in chemotaxis, but it can be used to measure the presence
of chemical gradients. Previous optical methods for measuring E. coli chemotaxis are suited for tracking
2D motion. A “ferrofluid” of magnetic nanoparticles in suspension provides a new method to track E.
coli 3D movement in a precise non-optical manner. As a first step towards using ferrofluid, we need
to verify that E. coli can chemotax in ferrofluid and how the ferrofluid influences the chemotaxis
ability of E. coli. We are using two methods to measure E. coli movement with and without ferrofluid:
the agarose-in-plug method and the gradient-LB agar plate. By observing the E. coli concentrations
around the agarose and swimming patterns under the environments with and without ferrofluid, we
demonstrate that ferrofluid has little influence on the chemotaxis ability of E. coli.
Demonstration of Drug-like Effects with Chocolate
P-BIO-48
OMAR CHOHAN
Kristy Fasulo, Josie Haller, Kristin Jaeger, Jessica Leitzsch, Lauren Bradley
Biology
Chocoholics’ sometimes report that only chocolate can satisfy their cravings. Research that examines
chocolate as a potentially addictive food item indicates that the fat and sugar content, caffeine and
theobromine content, and the use of chocolate as self-medication may be responsible for the addictive
properties. The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of the psychoactive response to
chocolate using five commercially available samples varying in % cocoa. Fat and sugar content also
co-varied with %cocoa. A total of 286 participants completed pre and post consumption surveys and
tasted a randomly assigned 12.5 gram piece of chocolate. The survey consisted of 30 questions derived
from the NIDA Addiction Research Center Inventory. Significant results were observed after chocolate
ingestion across all subscales of the ARCI (F = 124, p < .001). No effect of age, BMI, or sex was observed.
A near significant interaction between % cocoa and difference in Morphine-Benzedrine (MB) subscale
was observed, with the significance due to a decrease in effect in the 85% cocoa sample rather than the
0% cocoa sample suggesting an effect of fat and sugar rather than cocoa. The pre/post difference in MB
subscale correlated negatively with grams fat (r = -.14, p < .001). This is the first reporting of drug-like
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the intrinsic slow dynamic of the measured process, the hemodynamic activation, which occurs in
seconds. In order to overcome this limitation in time resolution, fNIRS can be effectively combined
with EEG. In contrast to fNIRS, EEG has good time resolution by directly measuring the manifestation
of the brain electrical activity at the scalp. It is able to capture events occurring at a millisecond time
scale, therefore it can provide information about rapid cortico-cortical or thalamocortical oscillations
playing a crucial role in the elaboration and integration of information in cognitive networks. Based on
the complementary strengths offered by EEG and fNIRS, their integration has the potential to provide
higher spatio-temporal resolution than either method alone.
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effects associated with ingestion of a high fat/high sugar food. This study was funded by start-up funds
from the Office of the Provost.
Role of PI3K Isoform p110delta in Influenza Virus Induced Pathology
P-BIO-49
ALINA BOESTEANU
Jillian Norton, Martin Turner, Peter Katsikis
College of Medicine
Infection of C57Bl/6 mice with influenza virus is accompanied by morbidity manifested as weight loss
and lung pathology. We have found that mice that have an inactivating mutation in the leucocytespecific phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PIK3) isoform p110delta (p110delta-/-on a C57BL/6 background
manifest significantly reduced morbidity after influenza virus infection compared to C57BL/6 mice. RAG/- mice also showed reduced morbidity compared to wild type animals, indicating a role for lymphocytes
in this pathology. At day 6 postinfection activated pulmonary T cells and NK cells were greatly reduced
in p110delta-/- mice. At day 10 postinfection, however, numbers of lymphocytes, B cells, CD4+ T cells,
macrophages and granulocytes infiltrating the lungs of p110delta-/- mice were reduced compared to
C57Bl/6 mice, without reaching statistical significance. Total number of CD8+ and virus-specific CD8+ T
cells found in the lungs of infected p110delta-/- mice were significantly reduced by 2-fold compared to
wild-type mice (p=0.03 for both). However, this reduction in the magnitude of the immune response did
not affect viral clearance. Our data suggest that p110delta plays an important role in the lymphocyte
mediated immunopathology associated with influenza virus infection and suggests that p110delta may
be an important therapeutic target for influenza virus infection.
Chronic “Vaginitis” in Women Over 50: Analysis of a
Prospective Database
P-BIO-50
RANDI LEIGH
Paul Nyirjesy
College of Medicine
Clinical: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Objective: To examine differences in symptoms and diagnoses between women < 50 years of age and
women > 50 who have chronic vulvovaginal complaints. Methods: Subjects were serially recruited from
new patients who presented to the Drexel Vaginitis Center between February 2003 and February 2006
for the evaluation of chronic vulvovaginal symptoms. Participants responded to detailed questionnaires
that asked about demographic information and about the nature, severity and duration of their
symptoms. Depression and stress scores were measured. All patients underwent a standardized history,
physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Subjects < 50 years of age were compared to subjects
> 50 years. Study data were analyzed using the t-test, Chi squared test and the Fisher’s exact test.
Results: 469 women between the ages of 18 and 79 were enrolled. Of these, 98 (20.9%) were over
the age of 50. The mean age among subjects < 50 years of age (Group A) was 33.7, and the mean
age among subjects >50 years of age (Group B) was 59.0. Among Group A women, 78% identified
themselves as Caucasian, 16% as non-Hispanic black, and 7% as Hispanic or other, while among Group
B women, 88% identified themselves as Caucasian, 11% as non-Hispanic black, and 1% as Hispanic
or other (p=0.037). As expected, Group A women were more likely to have completed a college level
education (85% vs. 72%, p=0.003) and to be unemployed (82% vs. 56%, p=0.000), childless (53% vs.
19%, p=0.000), and unmarried (34% vs. 5%, p=0.000) than Group B women. No significant differences
in annual income between the two groups were observed. Of the 98 women in Group B, only 6 (6%)
reported that they were still having periods. Compared to Group B women, Group A subjects were
30
The Effects of Substrate Type On The Hatching Success of Diamondback
Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) At Barnegat Bay, New Jersey
P-BIO-51
JOHN WNEK
Biology
Terrestrial habitats are critical to the survival and reproductive success of aquatic turtles because
they are used for nesting. In estuarine ecosystems, diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, are
potentially adversely affected by development, dredging, invasive vegetation and pollution, among
other factors. Because natural nesting areas have been fragmented or destroyed, terrapins may use
roadsides and dredge islands (i.e., artificial islands made of dredged sediments) for nesting. Terrapins
in Barnegat Bay Estuary, New Jersey, use a mosaic of natural and degraded terrestrial ecosystems for
nesting. Marshes are often filled with sediments dredged from the bay floor and are used as nest sites
by terrapins. During the 2006-2008 field seasons (June ‘ September), terrapin nests were monitored at
North Sedge Island which was filled with dredge material over 80 years ago and is a popular nesting
area for terrapins. We constructed three experimental plots composed of sand, loamy-sand and dredge
soil, to determine whether hatching success of terrapin eggs differed due to the soil substrate they
incubated in. Terrapin nests in the loamy-sand plot had the highest percentage of hatching success in
both 2006 (56.1%) and 2007 (85.3%). In contrast, nests in soil freshly dredged from the bay produced
no hatchlings in 2006 and 2008. Nests in aged dredge soil had a hatching success of 59.4% in 2007 and
49.1% in 2008. Our findings suggest that although nesting female terrapins may use terrestrial areas
with freshly dredged soil, the dredge soil may significantly reduce hatching success of terrapin nests.
These findings suggest that viability of terrapin populations may be compromised in areas where
dredged soil is deposited and where terrapins nest.
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more likely to complain of vaginal itching (65% vs. 42%, p=0.00) and vaginal discharge (58% vs. 30%,
p=0.00) and less likely to complain of burning, irritation, or soreness (70% vs. 80%, p=0.05). Group A
women were more likely to be diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) (20% vs. 9%, p=0.01).
Group B women were more likely to be diagnosed with desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV)
(15% vs. 5%, p=0.001), lichen planus (LP) (6% vs. 0.3%, p=0.000) and lichen sclerosus (14% vs. 3%,
p=0.000). Group B subjects who were diagnosed with any of these three conditions were less likely
than other Group B subjects to have taken systemic estrogen in the past (47% vs. 70%, p=0.03) but
more likely to have one or more children (97% vs. 73%, p=0.004). There were no significant differences
between Group B women with DIV, LP or LS and other Group B women in terms of their overall
demographics, body mass index, depression or stress scales, and history of atopic disease, pain disorders,
or diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Women over the age of 50 with chronic vulvovaginal
complaints are less likely than women 50 or younger to have VVC but more likely to be diagnosed with
DIV, LP or LS. Both childbirth and estrogen non-use were associated with the occurrence of these latter
three conditions.
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Rapid and Sensitive Detection of HBV 1762T/1764A Double Mutation
From Hepatocellular Carcinomas Using LNA-mediated PCR Clamping and
Hybridization Probes
P-BIO-52
SELENA LIN
The 1762T/1764A double mutation of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) basal core promoter has been
suggested to be a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among individuals with
chronic HBV infection. In this study, a real-time PCR assay is established using the hybridization
probes and an oligonucleotide clamp containing locked nucleic acids (LNAs). The LNA-containing
oligonucleotide clamp specific for the wild type HBV is able to suppress the amplification of the
wild type HBV templates. In addition, the clamp can inhibit the binding of the WT templates to the
fluorescence probes thereby suppress the wild type HBV signals during the melting curve analyses.
These effects facilitated the detection of HBV double mutation in the presence of 3000-fold excess of
the wild type genome. Thus PCR amplification coupled with the melting curve analyses provides a quick,
simple, and highly sensitive tool for the detection of this HBV double mutation.
Chemical Modulation of Target Genes Regulated By The Histone
Acetyltransferase TIP60 and The C-Terminal Domain of Amyloid
Precursor Protein (AICD)
P-BIO-53
OLGA YARYCHKIVSKA
Biology
Amyloid Precursor Protein, which is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, is cleaved by ?-secretase in both
amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways. ?-secretase cleavage releases the C-terminal domain
called AICD. It has been proposed that AICD translocates to the nucleus, binds to the adaptor protein
Fe65, and forms a complex with the histone acetyltransferase TIP60, which epigenetically regulates the
expression of target genes with potential neuronal function. Based on these findings, we hypothesize
that misregulation of Tip60/AICD target genes may lead to neuronal defects associated with AD. In
this study, we set out to investigate the extent to which modulation of AICD production or Tip60
activity by specific pharmacological chemical inhibitors will induce changes in Tip60/AICD target gene
expression in the multicellular Drosophila model system. Three transgenic D. melanogaster lines are
used: wild-type, the APP-expressing line and and APP-expressing line lacking the AICD domain. Flies
are fed potato media with different concentrations of either the ?-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) that
inhibits AICD cleavage or anacardic acid that specifically inhibits Tip60 activity. Larvea will be collected
for RNA isolation and subsequent real time PCR, which will allow us to assess AICD/Tip60 target gene
expression levels. The results of our studies have potential implications for the selective pharmacological
modulation of Tip60 as a potentially powerful therapeutic target for AD treatment.
32
Effects of Cantilever Stiffness on Unfolding Force in AFM Protein Unfolding
BIO
P-BIO-54
W. TREVOR KING
Guoliang Yang
Physics
Direct mechanical unbinding of ligand-receptor pairs and the similar process of mechanically unfolding
single protein molecules are common methods for exploring the energy landscape of unbinding/
unfolding interactions. In these experiments, mechanical force applied through a cantilever and
linking molecule causes the test system to transition between a bound/folded state and unbound/
unfolded state. The effective linker stiffness k depends on both the chemical linker and the cantilever
and is of central importance in calculating the loading rate df/dt = kv. This effect is well appreciated
in standard analysis of unbinding/unfolding results. However, the effect of effective linker stiffness on
the underlying energy landscape itself is often overlooked. Recent experiments on biotin-streptavidin
by Walton et al. have shown surprisingly strong effects on average unbinding force under standard
conditions, suggesting that future work should take the stiffness-modified landscape into account. We
carry out force spectroscopy measurements on I27 octomers using cantilevers with a range of spring
constants and discuss our findings and their effect on the analysis of mechanical protein unfolding
experiments.
Regulation of Neuronal ADAM17 by the Chemokine SDF/CXCL12 and its
Role in Fractalkine/CX3CL1 Cleavage
P-BIO-55
ANNA COOK
Randi Hippensteel, Jaclyn Nicolai
College of Medicine
Fractalkine/CX3CL1 is a neuronal chemokine acting as a transmembrane protein or as a soluble factor
following cleavage of its extracellular chemokine domain, and has been implicated in the regulation
of microglia-induced neurotoxicity. Little is known, however, concerning the specific role of soluble
fractalkine in the CNS or the regulation of fractalkine cleavage by neurons. This study identifies SDF1/CXCL12 (another neuroprotective chemokine) as a positive regulator of fractalkine cleavage from
neurons as measured by ELISA, and demonstrates the homeostatic effects of glia on soluble fractalkine
accumulation. Furthermore, analogously to non-neuronal cells, constitutive fractalkine cleavage is
shown to be mediated predominantly by the metalloproteinase ADAM10, and SDF-1-induced cleavage
to rely on an up-regulation of the metalloproteinase ADAM17. This study also identifies excitotoxic
NMDA as a short-term inhibitor of a-secretase activity and fractalkine cleavage, prior to inducing
cell death. Together these data support a novel regulatory mechanism which may contribute to the
modulation of neurotoxic microglia responses in vivo, and suggest a unique role of soluble fractalkine
in this process.
The Roles of Histone H4 Acetylation in DNA Replication and Repair.
P-BIO-56
TANU SINGH
Biology
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged within the nucleus though the association with histones, forming
nucleosomes. Histones are subjected to various post-translational modifications, including acetylation,
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which plays critical roles in transcriptional regulation. However, the role of histone acetylation in DNA
replication and repair is not well understood. Here we report studies of Histone H4 acetylation using
the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism. Using the two-hybrid method, we
demonstrate that Swi1, a component of the replication fork protection complex, interacts with Vid21,
a subunit of the NuA4 Histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Down regulation of Vid21 or mutations at
acetylation sites in histone H4 render cells highly sensitive to camptothecin, a compound that induces
replication fork breakage. Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA using Vid21 and H4
mutants showed decreased level of DNA damage recovery after treatment with camptothecin. These
results suggest that Histone H4 acetylation has critical roles in regulation of DNA replication and repair,
thereby preserving the genomic integrity.
Regulation of Caldesmon Phosphorylation: Insight Into Thin Filament
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
P-BIO-57
DANIELLE FALKOWSKI
Elaine Smolock
College of Medicine
Caldesmon is thought to play an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction by
inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase activity in unstimulated muscle. In vitro studies have shown
that caldesmon phosphorylation can eliminate this inhibitory effect. However there is little evidence
suggesting which specific kinase is involved in the regulation of caldesmon. The primary kinase
believed to be responsible for caldesmon phosphorylation is ERK/MAPK. There is however evidence
to suggest that other kinases might contribute to modulation of caldesmon. The focus of this study
was to examine other potential kinases that could contribute to the modulation of caldesmon during
vascular smooth muscle contraction. Calcium- and agonist-induced contractions were used to examine
caldesmon phosphorylation levels at the MAPK catalyzed phosphorylation site in skinned and intact
tissue preparations, respectfully. Calcium and histamine increased caldesmon phosphorylation levels
whereas PD98059, an inhibitor of MAPK activation significantly, but not completely, reduced caldesmon
phosphorylation. In an attempt to study non-MAPK catalyzed sites of caldesmon phosphorylation we
used phospho-specific antibodies targeted against serine, tryosine, and threonine. Neither calcium nor
histamine increased phosphoserine, tyrosine, or threonine levels in caldesmon. PD98059 had no effect
on the caldesmon phosphoamino acid signal. These results are in conflict with the results using antiMAPK catalyzed phosphocaldesmon antibodies and our earlier studies using 32P. Our present results
suggest that MAPK, and another unidentified kinase, catalyze caldesmon phosphorylation and that
caution must be exercised when using phosphoamino acid specific antibodies due to the possibility of
obtaining false negative results.
Modeling L-Selectin Mediated Attachment Strength During
Embryo Implantation
P-BIO-58
DIANNE PHELAN
Monika Jost, Noreen Robertson, Ken Barbee, Karen Berkowitz, Michele Marcolongo
Materials Science and Engineering
Failure of attachment of the embryo to the uterine endometrial lining is a major cause of infertility
and reduced success of IVF. Initial blastocyst attachment is provided by the L-selectin adhesion system
expressed on the blastocyst (L-selectin), and the uterine endometrial lining (L-selectin ligands).
34
The Effect of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Myosin Light Chain
Phosphorylation and Force Generation in Bladder Smooth Muscle
P-BIO-59
DEREK M. KENDIG
Tanchun Wang
College of Medicine
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite that has recently been found to exhibit
contractile activity in a variety of smooth muscle tissues including gastrointestinal, vascular, and
bladder. Agonist activation of bladder smooth muscle (BSM) initiates contraction by phosphorylation
of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC).We examined the contractile properties of S1P in BSM
by determining force generation and MLC phosphorylation in response to various doses of S1P in
comparison to various doses of carbachol (CCh), a non-hydrolysable analog of acetylcholine. While
CCh was able to produce significant increases in MLC phosphorylation during periods of increasing
force generation and peak force generation compared to an unstimulated control, S1P was unable to
significantly increase MLC phosphorylation at various doses in either phase of force generation. S1P
force generation was inhibited by tissue pretreatment with either bisindolmaleimide (Bis-1), a PKC
inhibitor, or H-1152, a ROCK inhibitor. H-1152 almost completely inhibited the contraction caused by
S1P, whereas Bis-1 only significantly decreased peak force generation; suggesting that ROCK may be
more important to force generation in contractions involving S1P. We will also be quantifying the level
of various S1P receptors in BSM through real-time PCR to help determine which receptor subtype of
S1PR1-5 is most important to BSM contraction. We propose that S1P may contract BSM through a nonmyosin light chain dependent pathway which may be more dependent upon ROCK activation than PKC
activation.
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Interaction of these molecules allows engagement of integrins for stronger secondary attachment.
The goal of this study is to model L-selectin mediated attachment strength by an in vitro model
using trophoblast cell lines and uterine epithelial cells. We investigated the effect of the hormonal
microenvironment on expression of L-selectin on trophoblasts (Jeg-3) and its ligands on the Ishikawa
human uterine epithelial cell line and found both to be expressed and hormonally modulated. L-selectin
expression and shedding was upregulated in Jeg-3 in response to treatment with dexamethasone.
Random fluid flow also upregulated L-selectin expression. Expression of L-selectin ligands was
confirmed on human endometrial biopsy samples retrieved during the luteal phase. Binding strength
between L-selectin and Ishikawa cells was quantified to be in the range of 0.5 dynes/cm2 using a
parallel plate flow chamber customized with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. Integrinmediated secondary attachment strength of Ishikawa cells to different substrates was quantified using
a spinning disc apparatus at 157 dynes/cm2. Currently, we are developing a 3D model consisting of 3D
trophoblast cultures (trophospheres) in combination with 3D cultures of human endometrial epithelial
cells (hEECs). We have established 3D trophosphere cultures with the Jeg-3 cell line. In summary, this
work may contribute to advancing treatment of infertility.
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Developing Tools for Studies of Evolution and Symbiosis Between
Drosophila Species and Their Wolbachia Symbionts
P-BIO-60
MICHAEL P. GIAMPAPA
Biology
Wolbachia is one of the world’s most common and widespread symbiotic bacteria and is present
in roughly 66% of insect species. Within Drosophila, this bacterium is responsible for cytoplasmic
incompatibility, which leads to the spread of Wolbachia throughout a population. The Russell lab is
currently investigating the factors that mitigate this spread, using Drosophila simulans as a model host.
To accurately study the importance of genetic variation in flies and bacteria in shaping the evolution
of these interactions, it is desirable to obtain genetically identical fly stocks that differ with respect to
the Wolbachia strains that they harbor. To accomplish this, asymbiotic stocks were created by treating
flies with antibiotic food; multiple treatments were used since it was unclear whether the population
was completely asymbiotic. A PCR protocol was utilized to differentiate between truly uninfected flies
and flies screening negative for Wolbachia due to bad DNA quality. Nuclear primers were designed to
amplify the EF1-a gene from D. simulans. Along with the asymbiotic stocks, the new template quality
assay will provide an essential tool for future studies of symbiosis between Drosophila species and their
influential symbionts.
The Mating System and Dispersal of the Diamondback Terrapin in Relation
to Habitat Fragmentation in the Barnegat Bay Estuary New Jersey
P-BIO-61
CLAIRE MARIE COLEMAN
Biology
Although anthropogenic habitat alteration is widespread globally, the effect of habitat spatial
structure on population dynamics has not been determined for many species. The effects of habitat
fragmentation on population dynamics are important in conservation management. This study uses
microsatellite DNA to investigate the impact of habitat alterations on dispersal patterns, mating
behavior, and genetic variation in the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) in the Barnegat
Bay Estuary. Barnegat Bay is a 70 km estuary located along the central coast of New Jersey and
is ecologically threatened by changes in water quality, habitat alteration, fisheries decline, and
other human activities. Several local, state, and federal wildlife refuges are protected from further
development in Barnegat Bay. These wildlife refuges differ in total habitat area and degree of
anthropogenic development surrounding them. We measured low but significantly different genetic
differentiation (FST <0.0083) between terrapins from several sites within Barnegat Bay. We also
measured varying percentages of multiple paternity (20-45%) among sites. We found that straightline geographic distance did not influence genetic variation, which suggests that other anthropogenic
factors, such as shoreline development, bulklheading of shores, and boat traffic may affect genetic
differentiation. Males are more likely to disperse further distances than females, based on our
measured individual population assignment indices. Nesting females are genetically related up to 200
m apart on nesting beaches, which suggests that females may return to natal sites to nest. The loss of
nesting beaches due to anthropogenic causes may have significant impacts on the reproductive success
and long-term viability of terrapin populations if terrapins return to nest at areas that are no longer
suitable for nesting.
36
P-BIO-62
DREW A. GRAHAM
Danil V. Dobrynin, Dr. Alexander Fridman, Dr. Gary Friedman, Dr. Alisa Morss Clyne
A pin-to-hole spark discharge plasma device was designed and built, in which plasma is generated
between a pin-shaped anode connected to the positive lead of the power supply and a grounded
metal capillary cathode. Room air flows through the discharge gap at a rate of ~1.0 l/min. Plasma
discharge energy is 0.6’0.7 J/pulse at a frequency of 8’10 Hz, resulting in a dose rate of 4.8’7.0 J/s and
an average temperature of 30’40 C (1). Plasma-derived nitric oxide (NO) in solution was quantified
by 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) fluorescence following plasma treatment (0’1118 J/cm2). The
specificity of DAF-2 to plasma-derived NO was confirmed by DAF-2 fluorescence following exposure
to NO gas from a tank. Plasma treatment resulted in a linear increase of NO in the solution. The rate
of NO production was 1.07 nM/J/cm2. Confluent porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were used
to test the effects of plasma treatment on cell viability and morphology. A low-density polyethylene
tube extension (50mm) was fitted to the end of the plasma probe and bent to 90 degrees to minimize
exposure of PAEC to UV radiation generated in plasma. Adherent (viable) PAEC were counted (Coulter
counter) and visualized by phase contrast microscopy 3’72 h after plasma treatment (0’186 J/cm2).
The highest plasma dose applied to PAEC (186 J/cm2) corresponded to 199 nM NO in solution. Cell
number and morphology were not altered by any plasma dose or at any time point tested. Collectively
these data indicate that a pin-to-hole spark discharge plasma can be applied to an endothelial cell
monolayer in doses sufficient to generate up to ~200 nM NO in solution without altering cell number
or morphology. This plasma device could be used for topical NO treatment in diverse arenas from basic
biological research to applied clinical medicine. Future work includes detecting intracellular NO and
functional assays of cellular NO effects. 1. Gostev, V., and Dobrynin, D., 2006, ‘Medical microplasmatron,’
Proceedings, 3rd International Workshop on Microplasmas, Greifswald, Germany, pp. 201.
Evaluation of Candidate Functions for IC50 Estimation That Better Predicts
The KI for Membrane Proteins Using A Confluent Monolayer of MDCKIIhMDR1 Cells and Mass Action Kinetic Analysis
P-BIO-64
ANNIE ALBIN LUMEN
Biology
Experimentally measured IC50 values have been shown to estimate the molecular dissociation constant
of drugs (KI). Standard equations were used to analyze inhibition data to determine the IC50 values
for a particular drug. These values play a significant role in rank ordering drugs based on their
inhibition potential and also in studying drug-drug interactions. In this project confluent monolayer of
MDCKII’hMDR1 cells were used to conduct P-gp mediated transport and inhibition studies. Our mass
action kinetic model for P-glycoprotein was used as a tool for fitting the elementary rate constants
and thus determining the molecular values of the dissociation constants KI. Comparison of these fitted
KI values and the experimentally measured IC50 values using the standard equation resulted in the
identification of a significant overestimation. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that
play a role in this overestimation and to evaluate other potential candidate functions.
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A Pin-To-Hole Spark Discharge Plasma Generates Nitric Oxide and Can Be
Safely Applied To An Endothelial Cell Monolayer
BIO
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particles (VRPs) As A
Protective Vaccine Against Lethal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)
Infection In Mice
P-BIO-65
CHRISTINA KOLLIAS
Manxin Zhang, Sharon Bandstra, Iqbal Ahmed, Stephen Jennings
College of Medicine
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) is a ssRNA virus of the Togaviridae family. VEE replicon
particles (VRPs) are replication-deficient expression vectors and represent an attractive gene delivery
system for a variety of reasons: They exhibit high expression levels and immunogenicity, their loading
capacity is large, humans show low seroprevalence to the virus, and VRPs are efficiently produced. Thus,
we used VRPs as a vaccine in a murine model of lethal cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
infection. We have previously demonstrated that VRPs expressing green fluorescence protein were as
effective as VRPs expressing the immunodominant epitope of HSV-1 glycoprotein B. We also delineated
a time dependence of VRP administration. Mice primed between seven and two days prior to HSV1 infection were protected against virus-induced morbidity and mortality but those therapeutically
treated from six to forty eight hours post infection displayed elevated central nervous system (CNS)
invasion and increased mortality. Furthermore, we showed this protection was both dendritic cell and
natural killer cell dependent, as depletion of either cell type abrogated the effect. Here we show that
VRP-mediated protection lasts four weeks and that pre-treated mice display reduced viral loads both
at the site of inoculation and at the level of the CNS compared to non-treated mice. Additionally, we
used TLR ligands to test the uniqueness of the observed outcome. The ssRNA of VRPs likely engages
TLR7/8 on macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, we primed mice with ligands to TLR3, TLR4 and
TLR9 (polyi:c, LPS, CpG), respectively, in place of VRPs. These mice showed exaggerated weight loss and
hind limb weakness compared to VRP-treated mice, thus highlighting a VRP-induced TLR7/8-dependent
activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, which generates an antiviral environment and limits the
spread of HSV-1 to the CNS.
HIV-1 Tat Dependent Expression of Interfering RNAs Using A Chimeric
Promoter Containing The HIV-1 TAR Element
P-BIO-67
VIRAJ R. SANGHVI
Barbara Diaz, Laura F. Steel
College of Medicine
Despite the availability of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that can suppress virus production, treatment
of HIV-1 infection remains problematic and it is widely recognized that new therapeutic approaches
are needed. A variety of RNA-based strategies for the suppression of viral infection and replication are
being explored including RNA interference (RNAi), anti-sense RNA, ribozymes, and RNA decoys. While
RNAi has been shown to be effective against HIV-1, the high rate of mutation in this virus has resulted
in a degree of genomic variation that makes it difficult to prevent escape when only viral sequences
are targeted by interfering RNAs. Numerous cellular genes contribute to the replication, assembly,
and release of infectious HIV-1 particles, and these genes represent potential targets that will be less
susceptible to escape. However, if the silencing agent is delivered broadly to infected and uninfected
cell populations, it will be important not to disrupt normal cell function, but to limit silencing of cellular
genes to infected cells. Towards that end, we have begun to explore whether interfering RNAs can be
expressed from a promoter that is inducible by the viral transactivating protein, Tat. We have used a
previously described hybrid promoter that joins the chicken beta-actin core promoter to the viral TAR
element in vectors that express microRNA-formatted interfering RNAs. We have tested this promoter
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in a reporter silencing system and demonstrate that it has intermediate basal activity, but is highly
inducible by Tat.
Anthrolysin O, A Toxin of Bacillus Anthracis, Stimulates Cells Through
Multiple Receptors Including TLR4
P-BIO-68
MEGHAN WYNOSKY-DOLFI
Mariana Bernui
College of Medicine
Bacillus anthracis (BA) is the causative agent of anthrax. After the 2001 anthrax attacks, more and more
research became focused on BA and its virulence factors. BA produces virulence factors that alter host
cellular signaling and immune functions and lead to the disease anthrax. One such factor, whose role
has yet to be fully elucidated, is the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, Anthrolysin O (ALO). In mouse
bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMDM), ALO signals through Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) (J Exp
Med [2004] 200:1647). To determine if ALO signals exclusively through TLR4 or whether additional
receptors or signaling mechanisms are involved, we investigated the effects of ALO on macrophages
and epithelial cells. We used full-length recombinant ALO (rALO) that can bind, oligomerize and form
pores in the cell membrane, and a mutated rALO (W477A) that can bind and oligomerize, but cannot
form lethal pores. We examined the effects of 500ng/ml of rALO or W477A on chemotaxis of RAW
264.7 macrophage-like cells, TLR4 knockout mBMDM, and 23ScCr TLR4 knockout mouse macrophages
towards the chemoattractant fMLP. rALO and W477A both caused ~50% inhibition of chemotaxis of
TLR4 knockout macrophages while causing complete inhibition of chemotaxis in macrophages that
express TLR4. We also examined the activation of signaling pathways in macrophages by rALO or
W477A, using Western blot analysis. rALO and W477A each activated p38-MAPK and NF-?B pathways
regardless of TLR4 expression; however, the dose and time needed to induce this response in knockout
cells differ when compared to cells that express TLR4. Our data indicate that ALO signals through TLR4
and through additional receptors or mechanisms. The additional receptor or mechanism may help ALO
cause additional pathologies.
Unique Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Pattern In Diamondback
Terrapins of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey
P-BIO-69
EMILY BASILE
Harold Avery, Jennifer Keller, Jim Spotila, Walt Bien
Biology
Sentinel species are often used to monitor the organic contamination of an ecosystem. The northern
diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) has many characteristics that make it an excellent model
species for monitoring estuarine contamination. In this study fat biopsies and plasma samples were
collected from live males and females from two sites within Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. A deceased
gravid female was also necropsied and her whole blood, fat, liver, ovary, follicle and full clutch of 11
eggs were collected. A pooled sample of blue mussels (Mytilus edulus), representing a terrapin food
item was also analyzed. All samples were analyzed for the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants that is persistent in the environment and has been
reported to cause endocrine disruption and delayed neurobehavioral development. MANOVA’s show
the northern site, Spizzle Creek, had higher mean concentrations than Forsythe Refuge for both tissues.
Differences were also observed between males and females with males having higher concentrations
in fat and females in plasma. PBDE patterns in the terrapin tissue show a unique profile compared to
findings of most all other wildlife and human monitoring studies. The PBDE congener pattern was
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dominated by PBDEs 153 and 100 instead of PBDE 47 and 99, which has been documented in only a few
other turtle species. The normal pattern measured in the mussel prey suggests that the terrapin has
efficient metabolism or elimination of PBDE 47 and possibly PBDE 99.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine and STIMAL® on Bacillus anthracis Spore and
Spore-Phagocyte Interactions
P-BIO-70
MARIANA BERNUI
College of Medicine
Inhalational anthrax is initiated by introduction of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores into the lung and
subsequent association with alveolar macrophages (MACs). Spore germination and bacilli outgrowth
are essential to establish infection, and therapeutics inhibiting these key events would prevent anthrax.
We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and STIMAL, liposome-encapsulated NAC, affected BAphagocyte interactions at different stages during initial infection. We treated BA Sterne strain 7702
spores with various concentrations of NAC or STIMAL in vitro in the presence or absence of human
MACs. BA spore germination and viability were measured. STIMAL- or NAC-treated MACs rapidly killed
intracellular germinating BA spores, in contrast to cultures without STIMAL or NAC where BA overgrew
MACs by 8 hr. STIMAL/NAC did not affect MAC viability. Increased intracellular reduced glutathione
([GSH]i) was responsible for this protective effect. Supernatants from NAC-treated MACs cultured with
BA killed vegetative BA but not spores. In the absence of phagocytes, STIMAL or NAC (and GSH and
dithiothreitol) completely but reversibly inhibited BA spore germination but were not bactericidal.
This suggested a reversible redox event on the spore surface. Oxidized NAC did not inhibit BA spore
germination, confirming that NAC reduces components of the BA germination pathway. Use of
different amino acid germinant combinations showed that germination receptors gerK and gerL were
specifically targeted. The reducing agents STIMAL and NAC significantly alter BA spore germination.
They increase intracellular germination leading to BA death within MACs, and strongly but reversibly
inhibit germination of free spores. STIMAL could be used as an adjunct therapeutic aid following
anthrax exposure.
Extracellular Matrix Mediated Mechanosensing Activate Adhesion and
Cardiomyocyte Specific Genes and Alter Cytoskeletal Organization
P-BIO-71
STEPHEN SANDELICH
Anant Chopra, Buck Stoleberg, Paul Janmey, Andrew S. Wechsler
College of Medicine
Clinical: Cardiothoracic Surgery
Myocardial infarction often results in cardiac remodeling whereby the injured myocardium is lost and
replaced by scar tissue matrix. The working hypothesis is that normal myocytes adjacent to the infarcted
cardiac scar tissue (ever stiffening) will activate the mechanotransduction (conversion of mechanical
cues into biochemical signals) processes (outside-in signaling) of the cell force-sensing apparatus and
may direct these cells to an abnormal lineage and thereby influence tissue development leading to
cardiac remodeling. When the cells sense alterations in their mechanical microenvironment, they
respond by altering gene expression, resulting in changes in cytoskeletal organization and adhesion
profile (cell-ECM, cell-cell). The effects of mechanical alteration of the stiffness of the microenvironment
of colonies of HL-1 myocardial cells were studied. These cells are immortal, spontaneously contract,
and normally maintain differentiated cardiac phenotypes. Cell cultures assays were used to simulate
the cardiac normal and altered microenvironment. The cells were cyclically stretched (3 Hz) using
a fibronectin coated FlexCell tension (12% strain) generator for 6, 12, and 24 hours. To assess the
difference in gene expression levels, real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used.
40
microRNA bic/miR-155 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Responses
P-BIO-72
ERIETTA STELEKATI
Alina C. Boesteanu, Donald Gracias, Yvonne M. Mueller, Jillian Norton, Elena Vigorito, Martin Turner, Peter
Katsikis
College of Medicine
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been described as important regulators of gene expression, however
their role in CD8+ T cells responses is largely unexplored. We have found that microRNA 155 (bic/
miR-155) is upregulated by 20-fold in activated CD8+ T cells in vitro. To test the in vivo role of miR-155
in CD8+ T cell responses, we examined bic/miR-155 deficient (bic-/-) CD8+ T cells in Influenza type A
virus or Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.) infected mice. To demonstrate that miR-155 deficiency induces
an intrinsic defect in CD8+ T cells, bic-/-OT-1+ and OT-1+ transgenic CD8+ T cells were adoptively
transferred into C57BL/6 hosts, and then either infected with influenza virus strain WSN-OVA expressing
the SIINFEKL peptide or with recombinant L.m. strain expressing OVA (L.m.-OVA). At day 10 postinfection with WSN-OVA the number of pulmonary bic-/-OT-1+ CD8+ T cells was reduced 3-fold
compared to OT-1+ CD8+ T cells (p=0.01). With L.m.-OVA infection, day 7 post-infection numbers of
splenic bic-/-OT-1+ CD8+ T cells were 10-fold lower that OT-1+ CD8+ T cells (p=0.0005). On day 3 postinfection however, no differences were found between OT-1+ or bic-/-OT-1+ CD8+ T cells transferred
animals and both groups equally controlled the bacterial burden in the spleen compared to nontransferred control, animals suggesting that bic-/-OT-1+ CD8+ T cells transfer normally and that miR-155
regulates CD8+ T cell responses at the later stages of infection. These findings demonstrate that miR155 plays a critical role in CD8+ T cell responses against pathogens.
ELP3 Plays Tissue-Specific Roles In Development
P-BIO-73
NEETU SINGH
Biology
Epigenetic modifications such as covalent DNA and histone modifications alter chromatin structure
thereby regulating gene expression and other chromatin-mediated cellular processes. Alterations in
epigenetic modifications have been linked to various human diseases. ELP3 is a histone acetyltransferase
(HAT) that modifies chromatin packaging to facilitate chromatin-mediated cellular processes. It plays an
essential role in histone acetylation and transcriptional elongation and is down-regulated in fibroblasts
of human Familial Dysautonomia (FD) patients. FD is a severe human nervous system disease resulting
in many symptoms including poor balance and coordination, unsteady gait, and poor muscle tone.
To investigate human ELP3 function in connection with FD, we identified and cloned the human HAT
homolog of ELP3 in Drosophila (Dmel\ELP3) and created Dmel\ELP3/RNAi transgenic flies to utilize in
an inducible GAL4-RNAi knockdown-based system. Ubiquitous expression of ELP3/RNAi resulted in
significant lethality, suggesting ELP3 is necessary for proper development. Tissue-specific expression
of ELP3/RNAi in the mesoderm resulted in lethality, indicating a role for ELP3 in muscle development;
while tissue-specific expression of ELP3/RNAi in the fly nervous system resulted in phenotypic behavioral
defects concurrent with FD patient symptoms. The flies lacked balance and coordination and many of
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Sarcomeric proteins (alpa-MHC, alpha-actin), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), adhesion, (Beta-integrin
and N-Cadherin) and gap-junction proteins (CX 43) were assayed for. Cells subjected to uniaxial stretch
showed a strong time correlation (up to 7.9 fold increase). The adhesion and gap-junction genes
showed the greatest fold increase (Beta integrin-8.0, CX-43-7.4, N-Cad-4.3) at 24 hours of stretch. The
data suggests that matrix imposed tensional forces activate predominantly adhesion and gap junction
specific complexes which may explain the cytoskeletal and gene expression changes associated with
cardiac remodeling.
BIO
them fell while walking, relating to unsteady gait. These flies were also hyperactive as compared to
control flies. We have developed a system in which ELP3 function can be elucidated through tissuespecific knockdown followed by behavioral and biochemical assays. We have also provided a potential
model to be used to study the role of ELP3 in FD.
TIP60 Histone Acetyltransferase Activity In Development
P-BIO-75
MERIDITH TOTH LORBECK
Biology
Chromatin packaging in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic process that is controlled by specific
post-translational modifications of the histone proteins. One such modification, acetylation, is catalyzed
by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes, and serves to decondense chromatin, thereby activating
gene expression. The HAT Tip60 plays a central role in developmental gene control, yet the specific
developmental processes that are directly regulated by the epigenetic based HAT activity of Tip60
remain to be explored. We have developed a system in transgenic Drosophila that allows for targeted
and inducible expression of a dominant negative HAT defective Dmel\TIP60 in specific tissues. Such
flies are a powerful experimental tool to investigate the epigenetic dependency of cellular processes
involving TIP60. The dominant negative construct was created by introducing a specific amino acid
substitution (E421Q) into the conserved enzymatic HAT domain of Dmel\TIP60. Ubiquitous expression
of this construct results in lethality, indicating that Tip60 HAT activity is dependent upon residue E421
and is essential for multicellular development. This lethality can be fully rescued by overexpressing an
additional copy of wild type Dmel\TIP60 along with our dominant negative construct. We are currently
exploiting our system to examine the epigenetic basis underlying Tip60 interactions with disease related
proteins and TIP60-mediated developmental gene regulation.
Synergistic Effects of Myostatin Inhibition and Exon Skipping
Antisense Oligonuclotide Therapy in the mdx Murine Model of
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
P-BIO-76
NICOLE LYKENS
Xiangying Guan, Rebecca C Schray, Xun Li, Jason H Williams, Gordon J Lutz
College of Medicine
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is caused by frame shift mutations in the gene encoding
dystrophin, a protein critical to muscle structural integrity. Antisense oligonucleotides (AO), which have
been shown to restore the dystrophin reading frame in classical murine (mdx) models of DMD, and
blockade of myostatin (a potent biological inhibitor of muscle cell growth) are potential treatments
for DMD. However, the level of AO-mediated dystrophin expression is not yet therapeutic, and without
dystrophin, enhanced muscle growth in myostatin blocked mdx mice continually yields mechanically
compromised muscle. We hypothesize that AO-mediated dystrophin expression in myostatin-blocked
mdx mice (mstn-mdx) will be significantly greater than in normal mdx mice. We compared AO-mediated
dystrophin expression in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of growth-stimulated mstn-mdx and mdx mice.
For all groups, TA muscles received single injections of 30 ug AO complexed with cellular uptake
enhancing cationic nanopolymers. Muscles were harvested 3 weeks after injection, homogenized, and
dystrophin expression analyzed by Western blot. We found intramuscular injection of AO resulted in
33.0 +/- 4.8% and 33.0 +/- 2.1% of the level of dystrophin expression in normal muscle for the mstn-mdx
and mdx groups, respectively. Normalization for dystrophin expression per mg TA muscle demonstrates
42
Microarray Analysis of arp Expression, a New Transcriptional Regulator
in Bacillus anthracis
P-BIO-77
DANIEL J. J. SIMON
Oswald Crasta, Saroj Mohapatra, Clive Evans, Bruno Sobral, Scott Stibitz, Mariana Bernui, Richard F. Rest
College of Medicine
While studying the regulation of anthrolysin (ALO) expression in B. anthracis (BA) we identified a 78
bp ORF upstream of and forming an operon with alo. We named the peptide ALO Regulating Peptide,
Arp1. When over expressed in trans Arp1 upregulated ALO expression 1000-fold. By BLAST analysis we
identified a chromosomal arp1 paralog arp2. Via SDS-PAGE we compared protein expression of the
wild type strain, an Arp1 overproducer, and an arp1/arp2 double knockout. Several proteins were up
or down regulated. Microarray analyses comparing wild type BA strain 7702 with 7702(pDUM105), the
parent overexpressing plasmid-borne arp1, revealed major metabolic pathways regulated by Arp. To
study the role of Arp in more ‘physiological’ conditions, we performed microarray analyses comparing
wild type BA with a ?arp1/?arp2 double KO (BA609). 65 genes were upregulated >2-fold and 350
genes were downregulated >2-fold, p<0.01, in the double KO. The data confirm and expand upon
the results from the previous microarray studies in that genes up-regulated in the Arp over expresser
were down-regulated in BA609. In BA609 many genes involved in regulation of the anthrax toxin
gene activator AtxA, and capsule biosynthesis were down regulated (abrB, spoA, resD and sigH). Genes
involved in resistance to oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase) and germination are also
regulated by Arps. More than 20 genes clustered in several operons involved in anaerobic respiration
were downregulated in BA609. Indeed, BA609 grows much more quickly under anaerobic conditions
than does the wild type. Among the other phenotype observed, BA609 resists normal human serum
killing whereas the wild type strain does not. We also studied the role of Arp in the interaction of BA
with human macrophages. Wild type BA7702 spores and BA609 spores interact dramatically differently
with human monocyte derived macrophages in culture; 7702 spores germinate faster and escape
from macrophage faster than BA609 spores. We have demonstrated that Arp is a new, unique global
transcriptional regulator that directly or indirectly regulates genes likely relevant to BA pathogenicity
and life cycle.
The CONRAD Algorithm Approach To Evaluating Candidate Compounds As
Microbicides with Anti-HIV-1 Activity
P-BIO-78
SHENDRA PASSIC
Vanessa Pirrone, Brian Wigdahl, Gustavo Doncel, Fred C. Krebs
College of Medicine
Microbicide testing conducted for the CONRAD Program at the Drexel University College of Medicine
identifies compounds that may be used to reduce or eliminate the risk of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) sexual transmission. Ideal compounds would have little or no in vitro cytotoxicity
and fast-acting activity against multiple strains and subtypes of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1. This
in vitro testing algorithm includes assays designed to screen approximately 15 compounds per month.
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2-fold greater dystrophin expression in mstn-mdx mice than in mdx mice, suggesting that AO delivery
to growth stimulated muscle is twice as effective at mediating dystrophin expression compared to
unstimulated muscles. These data are therapeutically relevant, as ongoing clinical trials include AOs and
myostatin inhibitors, and our data suggest their effects may be synergistic.
BIO
Testing begins with a cytotoxicity screen (CTS) to assess the impact of each compound on cell viability
and to guide the selection of concentrations used in antiviral testing. Activity against infectious HIV1 is measured using viral infection inhibition (VII) assays, in which each compound is evaluated for
the ability to inhibit target cell infection by HIV-1 strains IIIB (X4 phenotype) or BaL (R5 phenotype).
Finally, compounds are assessed for their ability to interfere with cell-to-cell (CTC) HIV-1 transmission.
Additional assays can be used to evaluate combinations of two agents for additive or synergistic activity
against HIV-1. The goal of this work is to identify compounds that have in vitro characteristics indicative
of their potential as anti-HIV-1 microbicide agents. The CONRAD testing algorithm was used to evaluate
over 835 compounds between May 2001 and March 2009. A number of agents were shown to have
high selectivity indices (little or no cytotoxicity and consistently high activity in all three viral assays).
These efforts will greatly facilitate the discovery of new compounds that can be used globally as topical
microbicides.
Accelerated Maturation of Osteoblast Cells on Three-dimensional
Polycaprolactane Tissue Scaffolds
P-BIO-79
EDA YILDIRIM-AYAN
In bone tissue engineering applications, the quality of osteoblast/substrate interface is an important
determinant of osteoblast attachment, proliferation and differentiation. In this study, an oxygenbased plasma surface modification technique was applied to three dimensional polycaprolactane
scaffolds in order to improve the osteoblast/PCL interaction and the rate of osteoblast proliferation and
differentiation on the scaffolds. The changes in physicochemical characteristics of the PCL after plasma
modification were examined by contact angle measurement, solid surface energy and attenuated
total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface characterization results
suggested that the plasma modification increased the surface hydrophilicity and energy by introducing
an oxygen containing carboxyl (COOH) group onto the surface, for instance, the total surface energy
was increased from 39 mN/m for unmodified to 51 mN/m for 3-minute plasma modified PCL while
the fraction of carboxyl group on PCL increased from 30% to 45%. The increased surface energy,
hydrophilicity and fraction of carboxyl groups on PCL scaffolds further improved osteoblast cellular
behavior. Results for 3-minute oxygen-based plasma modified scaffolds revealed that osteoblast cells
expressed significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on day 14, 21 and 28, with
higher osteocalcin secretions and higher calcium mineralization, and faster differentiate compared to
osteoblast on unmodified PCL scaffolds.
Toll-Like Receptor-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and Coronaviruses
P-BIO-80
LIUDMILA L. MAZALEUSKAYA
Rogier Achterberg, Julio Martin-Garcia, Sonia Navas-Martin
College of Medicine
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses with the
largest RNA viral genome reported to date (32 kb). CoVs are pathogens of many animal species and
of humans, including the recently isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Coronaviruses cause acute and chronic respiratory, enteric, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
Little is known about the interplay between CoVs and the innate immune response. TLRs are patternrecognition receptors that detect highly conserved structural motifs of microbial pathogens. Upon
recognition, TLRs elicit innate immune responses and the subsequent induction of adaptive immunity.
44
Conservation Genetics of the American Crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, on
the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
P-BIO-81
LAURIE COTRONEO
Biology
Understanding the genetics of populations is crucial to the long term management and survival of
endangered and threatened species. The American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, is listed as endangered
throughout much of its range. Despite this, little is published about this species. We carried out this
study to describe the genetic structure of C. acutus populations living along the Pacific coast of Costa
Rica. We collected blood and tissue samples from 180 C. acutus individuals from 5 different populations/
areas. Ten microsatellite loci characterized the genetic structure and gene flow rates within and
between these populations. All Costa Rican populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and
moderate differentiation was found between all population pairs (FST = 0.134; RST = 0.462). The
populations were statistically significantly different. A small amount of gene flow (Nm = 1.9, or 1.9
migrants per generation) occurred between populations. The observed heterozygosity for all loci was
0.644 indicating that the populations are genetically diverse. No significant correlation between genetic
subdivision and geographic distance was found. These data show that crocodile populations should be
managed separately in Costa Rica due to the moderate degree of differentiation. These findings can
now be used to create more effective management plans for C. acutus in Costa Rica.
Repetitive 2-Photon imaging of transgenic fluorescent mice in vivo
P-BIO-83
SARAH E. CROWE
College of Medicine
We have used various transgenic mice to examine repetitively neuronal structure in the cerebral cortex
and the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease using 2-photon in vivo imaging. The resolution of 2-photon
microscopy allows us to see single synapses, and provides images of the deep cortical layers (up to
800 microns). Photons are increasingly scattered by biological tissue as the depth of imaging increases
(scattering length approximately 50-100um). The conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy
cannot gather scattered photons efficiently. In contrast, 2-photon microscopy gathers both nonscattered and scattered photons, allowing for much greater depth penetration in the tissue. We have
imaged five different fluorescent transgenic mice. Using the ‘H-line’ eYFP-Thy.1 mouse line and a skull
thinning technique, we are able to monitor the changes to layer 5 pyramidal neuron structures. The
‘GIN’ mouse line has GFP-GAD driven expression, causing an observed fluorescence of the interneurons.
The ‘GFAP’ mouse line has GFP-GFAP driven expression, giving the astrocytes an observed fluorescence.
Each mouse is imaged in either biweekly or monthly increments. Other fluorescent mouse lines were
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The role of TLRs in the innate immune response against viruses remains obscure. In viral infections, TLRs
recognize viral nucleic acids and structural proteins. TLR3 and TLR7 recognize double stranded RNA and
single stranded RNA, respectively. TLR2 and TLR4 may recognize some viral glycoproteins, (in addition
to bacterial components such as lipoproteins, and lypopolysaccharide, respectively). The engagement
of these receptors initiates intracellular signaling cascades which ultimately cause the activation
of transcription factors, such as Nuclear Factor’kappa B (NF-kappaB) and the expression of type I
interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we examined the ability of human epithelial cells
(that do not express human TLRs) with or without individual murine TLRs to respond to various murine
CoVs as well as SARS-CoV proteins. Our results demonstrate that CoVs do not activate NF-kappaB
induction through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs-2, -4, -3 and -7).
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examined, such as the X94 (interneurons) and X98 (interneurons) lines. However, the fluorescence was
very weak, and therefore these lines were of little use to our studies. We are also able to apply in vivo
imaging techniques to mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by using the fluorescent dye MethoxyXO4, specific for amyloid beta plaques. We hope chronic imaging of AD pathologies, including amyloid
beta accumulation and neurodegeneration, will provide greater insight into the mechanisms of this
disease.
Correlation of Natural Killer Cell Phenotype with Effector Function: Distinct
Functional Natural Killer Cell Subsets?
P-BIO-84
ERIC WONG
Barry Ritz
Biology
Natural killer (NK) cells are an integral part of the innate immune response as they play a key role in
controlling viral infections and the killing of tumor cells. Originally thought to be nonspecific killing
sentinel cells because of the initial understanding that they do not require activation in order to kill
cells that are missing markers of major histocompatibility complex class I, it is now known that NK
cells have diverse functions, including exhibiting two important effector functions: cytotoxic killing
of target cells and IFN-g production. It is unknown, however, whether these functions are performed
by the same NK cells or distinct subsets within the NK cell population. Therefore, we are interested
in investigating NK cell phenotypes associated with each of these functions based on activation
marker expression. The peak of NK cell cytotoxicity was seen at approximately 4 hours following the
stimulation of mouse splenocytes with type I IFN in vitro. Kinetics experiments showed that there was
an increase in the expression of B220 and CD16 on NK cells following stimulation for 48, 72, and 96
hours, which corresponded with the induction of intracellular IFN-g. A large percentage of NK cells
expressed both B220 and CD16 and produced IFN-g, while a smaller subset of B220-/CD16+ NK cells
also produced IFN-g. In contrast, a distinct subset of B220+/CD16- NK cells did not appear to produce
IFN-g. Additional experiments are in progress to confirm these results as well as to investigate NK cell
phenotypes associated with cytotoxicity to determine whether the same or distinct NK cell phenotypes
are associated with both killing and IFN-g production.
The Effect of Colostrum Supplementation on Natural Killer Cell Function
P-BIO-85
ERIC WONG
Chen Yang, Shoko Nogusa, Barry Ritz
Biology
Colostrum is the first milk that is secreted by mammalian mothers post-delivery and is critical for the
survival and livelihood of neonates. Colostrum plays an important role in neonatal immunity as it
contains integral maternal antibodies, such as IgG, IgA, and IgM, which are essential to confer the
neonate protection from disease and infection until they are able to develop a functionally effective
immune response. There have been numerous studies that have shown that colostrum provides a rich
source of proteins, growth factors, hormones, vitamins and minerals for neonates, as well as health
benefits later in life when administered as a dietary supplement. However, the effects of colostrum
supplementation on natural killer (NK) cell function have not been examined. We hypothesize
that colostrum supplementation will stimulate NK cell activity and induce more robust NK effector
functioning. We will test this hypothesis in an established murine model of influenza infection. Briefly,
4-month old (mature) female C57BL/6 mice will be supplemented orally with 1g/kg of body weight/d of
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Development of an Alternative to the Chromium Release Natural Killer Cell
Cytotoxicity Assay Using a Florescent Dye
P-BIO-86
ERIC WONG
Karna Sura, Barry Ritz
Biology
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune response and primarily
exhibit two important effector functions: cytotoxic killing of target cells and IFN-g production. The
current method utilized to evaluate the levels of NK cytotoxic killing involves a chromium-labeled
YAC-1 target cell assay. While this standard method boasts a high level of sensitivity, it is highly
laborious, time-consuming, and is hazardous due to the use of radioactive material. There are new and
different methods of measuring NK cell cytotoxicity, one of which includes the use of fluorescent dyes
and flow cytometric analysis. Although these methods remove the use of radioactivity, they are still
expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it would be advantageous if an assay could be developed
that eliminates the use of hazardous material, reduces the levels of expenses and labor, and replicates
the sensitivity of the chromium release assay. We have developed a 96 well plate-based assay using
the commercially available, non-radioactive fluorescent dye cell tracker orange to measure target cell
death. Preliminary experiments have confirmed that the loading of cell tracker orange dye in the target
cells exhibits a linear pattern and there is no spontaneous release of the dye, unlike the chromium
based assay. Target cell cytolysis is detectable by this assay, although further tests are ongoing to
evaluate the level of sensitivity of this compared to chromium release. If successful, this alternative
methodology may be further applied to studies of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Associations between Physical Activity, Social Support and Stress in a
Sample of African Americans from a Community Based Academic Program
P-BIO-88
OLUJIMISOLA OJEDIRAN
Serita Reels, MPH, Candace Robertson, MPH, Ana Nunez, M.D
School of Public Health
Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Background: Despite public health efforts, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as high
blood pressure and diabetes are still high in African Americans, as they can expect to live more years
with chronic health problems than other ethnic groups. To this end, the role of race/ethnicity as it links
to health must be better understood in this population in order to accurately provide more effective
interventions. Objectives: To examine the role of social support and physical activity on perceived
psychological stress among African American in a community based education program. Methods:
A cross-sectional study among African Americans (n=70), using a self administered anonymous
questionnaire including questions on stress, social support and physical activity from the Perceived
Stress Scale (PSS), the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and the 2006 Southeastern
Pennsylvania House Hold survey respectively. Participants were currently enrolled students at People
for People Inc. a community based learning center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Results: Overall,
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colostrum or vehicle control for seven days prior to infection with influenza A virus (PR8). We will then
assess NK cell cytotoxicity, upregulation of specific surface-intracellular markers, IFN-g production, and
the percentage/number of NK cell in the lymphocyte population. The results from this experiment will
provide a more thorough understanding of the potential immune modulating effects of colostrum on
NK cells and in the innate immune response.
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women were more likely to report being stressed than men although they indicated having better
social support systems. There was a statistically significant difference in participation in physical
activity between males (14%) and females (19%). Conclusions: Stress and social support are significant
contributors to the health and mental well-being of African Americans. Future interventions should be
directed at enhancing social support and increasing physical activity as this will lead to more favorable
health outcomes.
Study of Gas Bubbles Stabilized by Surfactants for Use as Ultrasound
Contrast Agents and Drug Carriers
P-BIO-89
BORIPHAT METHACHAN
It has been established that gas bubbles can be stabilized by surfactants for use in ultrasound imaging.
Specifically, PFC gas bubbles have been stabilized by the mixture of two surfactants. In the mixture,
the bubbles with a mean diameter of around 1-2 ‘m are stable (the half life around 5 minutes) in an
ultra sound beam and provide good echogenicity (around 23dB). A population of nanobubbles, mean
diameter around 400 nm, can be prepared by adjusting the separation time in washing steps. These
nanobubbles still retain good echogenicity, but they are less stable as compared to the micron-sized
one. By using Nile Red, a hydrophobic fluorescent dye, we showed that a hydrophobic drug could
intercalate into the hydrophobic portion of the surfactants in the bubble shell to make drug delivery
possible. The subsequent experiments showed that Paclitaxel, a promising anti-tumor agent with poor
water solubility, intercalated into the bubbles, resulting in the change in echogenicity and stability in
the ultrasound beam. This portends the possibility of drug delivery using stabilized nanobubbles as
drug carriers.
Ion-assisted Inactivation of Escherichia coli Using Asymmetric Dielectric
Barrier Discharge
P-BIO-90
ADAM D. YOST
Current applications of Plasma Medicine have utilized the Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge
(FE-DBD). This setup implies that the surface of the treated area acts as the second electrode. With
Non-Contact Dielectric Barrier Discharge (NC-DBD), non-thermal plasma is generated via two electrodes
independent of the treatment area. The layout of the electrodes creates an uneven plasma density,
causing shifts in generated ion flow. This flow can transport the free ions and reactive oxidative
species away from the origin of the plasma, in essence forming an ion wind. Treatment of surfaces by
NC-DBD will replicate the sterilization properties generated by FE-DBD without the possible negative
interactions offered with direct surface contact.
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FL-J6/JFH Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replicon-Derived Particles Are Able To
Infect and Replicate In Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
P-BIO-91
ARCHANA GUPTA
College of Medicine
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic liver disease affecting 170 million
people worldwide. HCV is a positive-strand RNA, enveloped virus belonging to the Flaviviridae. The
antigenomic or negative-stranded RNA serves as replicative intermediate. HCV has high spontaneous
nucleotide sequence variability in its RNA genome (6 genotypes and 18 subtypes). In addition to the
HCV hepatotropism, we, as well as others, have previously reported the presence of both genomicand antigenomic-stranded HCV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with
chronic hepatitis C. The notion of HCV lymphotropism is further supported by the high incidence of
type II mixed cryoglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in patients with HCV. Whether HCV
replicates in extrahepatic tissues is still controversial. Propagation of HCV in cell culture has been a
major hurdle until the identification of a functional molecular clone in 2005, a cloned genotype 2a
consensus genome which was isolated from a Japanese patient with fulminant hepatitis (JFH-1). Here,
we produce infectious HCV particles (FL-J6/JFH1) using a chimeric HCV genome composed of the JFH-1
replicase and the core to NS2 region of the J6(CF) isolate (Lindenbach et al., Science 2005). We sought
to characterize the ability of these HCV infectious particles to infect and replicate in primary human
monocyte-derived macrophages. Although HCV (FL-J6/JFH1) particles were able to infect, we found
variation in their ability of to replicate in macrophages, suggesting the existence of host-specific factors
required either to facilitate or abrogate productive HCV infection in primary human macrophages.
Study on Nanodiamond Reinforced Novel Porous Structural
Surgical Fixation Devices
P-BIO-92
QINGWEI ZHANG
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery is a major health concern in United States
because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. Tissue
engineering as a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field offers a promising new approach for ACL repair.
The aim of this project is to explore novel ‘smart’ surgical fixation devices that not only secure a graft
in place without strength failure, but also incorporate and release bioactive materials, intended to
promote bone tissue growth. In order to facilitate bioactive reagent release, biopolymer scaffolds with
continuous microporous structure were developed. The morphology of porous structure is presented
to indicate the influence of concentration of sacrificed materials, phase separation level of immiscible
polymers and melt-blending conditions. In this work, functionalized nanodiamond will be introduced
to reinforce the bioactive surgical fixation devices. Since this is the first time to introduce nanodiamond
into tissue engineering, the biocompatibility of nanodiamond reinforced polylactic acid (PLLA) was
assessed by Osteosarcoma cells (U2OS). Up to now, the hardness increasing of PLLA by introducing
nanodiaomond, the uniformly dispersion of nanodiamond in PLLA and the influence of nanodiamond
on thermal behavior of PLLA have been studied, and the results are presented in this poster.
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Histone Variant H2AX: A PutativeTumor Suppressor Modeled in
Three Dimensional Culture
P-BIO-93
DIANE M. KEENE
College of Medicine
Basic: Molecular Pathobiology
The histone variant H2AX is traditionally known for its role in DNA damage repair. Recently an
additional, novel role in tumor suppression has been proposed that has particular relevance to breast
cancer. Breast cancer strikes 1 in 8 women and is the second leading cause of cancer death among
women. Preliminary results using HARV-type rotating wall vessel bioreactors to model tumor spheroids
have shown that elevation of H2AX protein correlates with increased sensitivity to apoptosis following
treatment with clinically relevant cancer therapeutics. Further work to characterize the tumor
suppressive action of H2AX may yield a direction for novel therapeutic design.
Microarray Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Aging In
Human Hepatic Tissue
P-BIO-94
DAVID BOORMAN
Two sets of liver tissue samples of human subjects were investigated by gene expression microarray
analysis. One set had normal and disease samples with their telomere lengths; the other set consisted of
groups of normal young and old donors, mostly post mortem. The goal was to identify genes related to
aging and inflammation and to investigate the hypothesis that telomere length is a biomarker for these
processes. Two Sample Sets: The first set of ten surgical liver biopsies were run on the single channel
microarray, Codelink Human Bioarray. Instead of the normal variance filter, Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) was used to adjust for age, telomere length and disease (3 with Hepatitis C, 3 with Primary
Sclerosing Cholangitis, 1 with a liver cyst, and 3 controls). Hierarchical clustering of the 1,600 genes
grouped the Hepatitis C patients and the young patients, as a partial validation of this model.
The second dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GSE9588. Sixty-seven
samples (ages 20-29 or 70-81) were run on the Rosetta/Merck Human 44k 1.1 dual channel microarray
platform, against a control of 191 pooled human liver samples. Simple variance filtering resulted in
1,965 differentially expressed genes. To reduce false positives further, various microarray techniques
were employed, including hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, k-means clustering
and Pavlitis Template Modeling. Resulting genes were then run through the gene ontology programs
DAVID and PANTHER, which find gene networks. Networks Differentially Regulated: Networks that
were differentially up regulated based on age include ubiquitin, a protein intracellular transport
marker often linked to protein targeted for degradation, as well as cytochrome p450 (CYP), a monooxygenase in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes involved in the breakdown of steroids, fatty
acids and xenobiotics. The cytochrome p450 network was up regulated in the older group, but not
in elderly who also had steatosis (fatty liver) or who had drug liver risk from the use of a medication.
Networks down regulated or mixed based on age included the broad categories of “receptors” and
“immunity and defense.” IL8, which is involved in inflammation, was one of these hits. Networks that
were down regulated with shorter telomere length included genes related to chromatin restructuring
and transcription regulation, including the selective down regulation of several Histone H4 isoforms.
Hypotheses Generated: Hypotheses generated from this study include the identification of six
receptors which may be involved in liver regeneration, five of which are poorly characterized: ENG,
EPHA1, PLXNC1, DLFML2A, ELTD1, LRRC17. Additionally, there may be a mechanistic problem between
CYP transcription and activated protein, because of the high CYP mRNA levels seen here in elderly,
compared to the unchanged or decreased protein levels found in other large studies. Additionally,
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elderly with steatosis or drug liver risk may have a higher hepatocyte turn over and higher Hepatocyte
Growth Factor (HGF) expression, since HGF suppresses CYP.
Novel Temperature-Controlled Printing System for the Solid Freeform
Fabrication of Cell-Laden Matrigel Constructs
P-BIO-95
OLGA FILIPPOVA
Akash Patel, Munir Nahri, Veronica Castro, Jason Hollenstein
Matrigel is a promising natural biomaterial that is currently being studied as a basis for pharmacokinetic
models. Matrigel’s composition of natural biopolymers mimics in vivo microenvironments, facilitating
better cell viability, differentiation, and function in tissue constructs. However, Matrigel’s use in solid
freeform fabrication techniques, the sequential delivery of cell-seeded biomaterials to specified points
in space, has been limited by its unique thermo-physical properties as it is a reverse fluid, a liquid
below 4oC and a cross-linked gel at physiological temperatures. Current biofabrication systems cannot
be adapted to Matrigel, as the material occludes the printing apparatus, which is operated at room
temperature. To overcome these current obstacles in the biofacation of Matrigel constructs, we have
proposed to create a miniaturized temperature-controlled printing system with the ability to maintain
a suitable temperature at or below 4oC and create cell-laden patterned Matrigel constructs. During the
research and development phase, we have successfully produced a temperature-controlled enclosure,
a Matrigel delivery system, and an integrated and automated motion system. Currently, the prototype
is being tested by printing rat tail tendon collagen type I as a Matrigel model material, as the high cost
of Matrigel limits its availability for testing. Successful patterned constructs have been created, with
significant increase in printing ability in the sample maintained at approximately 4oC as compared to
the room temperature control.
FGF-2 Binds To Endothelial Cell Derived Basement Membrane Under Flow
P-BIO-96
KARL REISIG
Fibroblast growth factor - 2 (FGF-2) is produced and released by endothelial cells. After release, FGF2 can either bind to cell surface receptors or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the endothelial
basement membrane. The basement membrane is considered an important FGF-2 storage reservoir. We
have previously shown that basement membrane FGF-2 levels increase in a high glucose environment,
which may contribute to diabetic vascular disease. However, basement membrane binding kinetics have
only been examined under static conditions, even though the vasculature is constantly exposed to blood
flow. We now investigate FGF-2 binding kinetics under fluid flow conditions. Porcine aortic endothelial
cells were seeded onto glass slides and allowed to produce basement membrane for four days. The
basement membrane was then isolated and exposed to a 10 ng/mL FGF-2 solution at 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60
or 100 dynes/cm2 for one hour using a Glycotech flow chamber. For static tests, slides were placed in
culture dishes and gently agitated. Plain glass slides and bovine serum albumin (BSA) blocked basement
membrane were used as non-specific binding controls. After one hour, the slides were washed in
binding buffer and bound FGF-2 was released using a salt buffer. Bound FGF-2 levels were determined
by ELISA. Our preliminary data suggest that moderate shear stress enhances FGF-2 binding to basement
membrane, whereas high shear stress diminishes binding.
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Interventional Radiology for Obstetric Interventions
P-BIO-97
AMY VOGIA
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiology
We will review interventional radiology procedures utilized for obstetric patients. Procedures include:
embolotherapy for post-partum hemorrhage, internal iliac artery balloon placement in management of
placenta accreta, IVC filter placement, and pulmonary embolus thrombolysis. Post-partum hemorrhage
occurs in about 5% of deliveries. Embolotherapy is effective for most cases of post-partum related
bleeding. The major causes of postpartum hemorrhage include uterine atony, genital tract trauma,
retained placental tissue, and low placental implantation. For abnormal placentation, the standard
operation at the time of delivery is cesarean hysterectomy. Perioperative placement of occlusion
balloons placed in the proximal internal iliac or preferably uterine arteries can prevent major blood
loss during surgery. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in antepartum patients is 1 in 2000. IVC
filter placement is indicated in patients with documented iliac or femoropopliteal thrombosis, patients
with a contraindication to anticoagulants, and patients who fail anticoagulation. Heparin may be used
until the onset of labor. Coumadin is contraindicated in pregnancy. The option of a retrievable IVC filter
may be appropriate in the setting of pregnancy, due to the transient nature of thromboembolic risk
factors related to physiological changes of pregnancy. Pulmonary embolism incidence during pregnancy
is 1 in 2500. Catheter-directed local thrombolytic infusion therapy is a treatment option for pulmonary
embolism in women with hemodynamic decompensation in pregnancy.
Assessment of Internet Nutrition Fraud Related to Diet
Recommendations for Diabetes
P-BIO-98
CHRISTOPHER STOCKING
Lauren Kjos
Biology
Background: Consumers who use fraudulent information may experience economic, physical and
psychological harm. Since many consumers use the internet to find health related information, this
study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of nutrition information related to diet, nutrition and
diabetes mellitus. Objective To assess the differences in accuracy in nutrition information for diabetes
mellitus between regulated top level domain web sites (.edu, .gov) and non-regulated top level domain
sites (.org, .com, other) and to identify if web sites promoting or selling products had a higher level
of misinformation. Design: Data from 100 web sites were collected from the search engines Yahoo
and Google. These sites were analyzed for accuracy based on evidence based guidelines created by
the American Diabetes Association. Accurate and inaccurate information regarding carbohydrate,
protein, fat, energy balance/obesity, micronutrients, and alcohol were assessed. In addition, anecdotal
information, general nutrition misinformation and promotion of products were evaluated. Results:
This study revealed that 22% of the websites had one or more statements of misinformation with 32
inaccurate statements regarding carbohydrate, protein, fat, energy balance and obesity, micronutrients,
and alcohol. In addition, there were 21 inaccurate general nutrition or anecdotal statements. There
was no information regarding the following topics in the majority of the websites: carbohydrate
(51%), protein (85%), fat (73%), energy balance/obesity (64%), micronutrients (92%) and alcohol
(90%). Chi Square analysis using SPSS17 revealed no statistical significance in misinformation between
the regulated and non-regulated top level domain sites (p=.377) or an increase in misinformation
in sites promoting products (p=.782). Conclusions: Despite the lack of significance found between
misinformation found in regulated versus non-regulated sites, misinformation was still present in
twenty two sites. Thus, individuals having diabetes mellitus should be educated by registered dietitians
or diabetic educators to ensure that they receive accurate and complete nutrition information.
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Factors Influencing Adherence Among Kyrgyz Rural Pregnant and
Lactating Women To Sprinkles (Iron Supplements)
P-BIO-99
ALIA TURGANBAEVA
Community Health and Prevention
Research by Swiss Red Cross, 2005 in Kyrgyzstan demonstrated that more than 60% of pregnant women
and 80-85% of children under 3 are affected with iron-deficiency anemia. In 2005, SRC started a pilot
project to test to the effectiveness of weekly 30 mg administration of Sprinkles (iron supplements in a
powder form, provided in single-dose sachets) to pregnant and lactating women and children under
3 for the period of six months. The results of the project demonstrated a little improvement: anemia
cure rates ranged only from 7% to 13% whereas in other countries anemia cure rates as a result of
Sprinkles ranged from 50% to 90%. It also demonstrated that in Kyrgyzstan at 6 months, the end of
the project, only 59.8% of children and 60.3% of lactating women were 80-89% compliant (took 8089% of prescribed Sprinkles sachets). In summer of 2008, I conducted a qualittaive study, interviews, to
investigate why the women demonstrated such a low compliance to Sprinkles. I found that the main
factors affecting compliance were not social or cultural factors, as most literature suggests, but simply
side effects. Moreover, it was an interesting finding because Sprinkles was designed specifically to have
as a few side effects as possible and thought to be the best iron supplements. Also, counseling about
anemia and the iron supplement provided along with the supplements played its role in compliance.
Characterization of A Novel Drosophila Melanogaster
CHARGE Syndrome Model
P-BIO-100
DAVID J. MELICHAREK
Biology
CHARGE syndrome is a rare form of mental retardation linked to a mutation in the gene CHD7.
CHD7 is a chromatin remodeling transcription factor that regulates gene expression of several tissue
types during development. The acronym is based on the principal features first traced to the disorder
including; Coloboma, Heart malformations, Atresia, Retarded growth/development, Genital anomalies,
Ear anomalies. The disorder is rare, complex, life threatening, and poorly understood. Due to the lack of
information regarding this disease, investigating the pathogenic mechanism for the disorder is urgent
and requires new models for casting light on its etiology. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an
excellent model organism that can be used to investigate the Drosophila homolog of CHD7, kismet (kis).
Using a RNA interference strategy, we have created a novel CHARGE syndrome model in the fruit fly.
We can control the expression of Kismet protein via various inducible expression (Gal-4) drivers. In order
to evaluate motor dysfunction, both disease model and wild type flies were subjected to a simple test
of motor function, the ‘climbing assay’. Wild type flies display negative geotaxis, when tapped to the
bottom of a vial they immediately climb to the top. In flies where kismet expression is reduced, there
was a strikingly decreased ability for these flies to climb in the allotted time. Furthermore, these mutant
flies had a significantly shorter life span, in addition to displaying postural defects such as held out
wings (an effect commonly observed in other fly models of mental retardation). In order to assess what
was going on at the molecular level, we visualized the effects of Kismet function in developing neurons
in the fly brain. Utilizing immunohistochemistry, 3rd instar larvae retinal brains were dissected and
stained with an antibody specific to axonal migration and path finding. This data showed an aberrant
axonal migration and path-finding morphology in the CHARGE model flies compared to the wild type,
suggesting that this abnormal neurological phenotype may be linked to the abnormal behavioral
effects observed in CHARGE model flies, and potentially in the symptoms observed in CHARGE patients.
Overall, this suggests Kismet is required for proper neural development. This research aims to uncover
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the pathogenic mechanism Kismet is having on common developmental pathways that give rise to
anomalous structures characteristic of CHARGE syndrome.
Identification of Proteins On The Surface of Reticulocytes Infected with The
Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii
P-BIO-101
ELAMARAN MEIBALAN
Amy Cernetich-Ott, James M. Burns Jr.
College of Medicine
Malaria parasites replicate inside host red blood cells and export proteins out of the parasitophorous
vacuole to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Plasmodium falciparum encodes antigenically variable
proteins (PfEMP-1) on the surface of infected erythrocytes which are known to mediate tissue specific
sequestration. Previous studies have shown that there are other multigene families of Plasmodium
species such as yir, sicavar and pyst-a which encode antigenically variable proteins on the membrane
of the infected RBCs and may be involved in immune evasion. However, parasite-encoded erythrocyte
membrane proteins have also been suggested to be involved in import/export pathways, adherence to
vascular endothelium and localization to reticulocyte-rich tissues; all of which are important functions
for parasite growth in vivo. Such surface exposed parasite proteins represent potential vaccine targets
as antibodies generated against them could block essential functions, enhance phagocytosis and/or
promote complement mediated lysis of infected RBCs. The long-term goal of this project is to identify
and characterize the subset of surface-exposed, non-variant parasite-encoded proteins expressed on
the infected erythrocytes, assess their functions and evaluate their potential as vaccine candidates.
Here we use Plasmodium yoelii 17X, a malaria parasite which causes a reticulocyte-restricted, nonlethal infection in rodents. In the initial study, we focused on identifying the subset of parasiteencoded proteins associated with the infected RBC membrane that possessed an extracellular domain.
P. yoelii 17X infected reticulocytes were metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine, followed by
surface biotinylation and membrane isolation. The biotinylated parasite proteins were precipitated
using streptavidin agarose beads. The mixture was separated by SDS-PAGE and the metabolically
labeled parasite proteins were visualized by autoradiography. Further, the identified proteins will be
characterized by mass spectrometric analysis. In addition to conventional polyacrylamide protein gels,
high molecular weight parasite proteins (>500 kDa) were analyzed on acyrlamide-agarose composite
gels. The plans for subsequent steps in the completion of this thesis project will be outlined.
In Vivo Imaging of Sensory Axons Regenerating From PNS To CNS
P-BIO-103
ALESSANDRO DI MAIO
Dr. Tim B. Himes, Dr. Alan Tessler
College of Medicine
Intraspinal regeneration of adult sensory axons is primarily impeded at the dorsal root entry zone
(DREZ) but the mechanisms remain unclear. To improve our understanding of these mechanisms, we
have used a widefield fluorescence microscope and a confocal microscope for imaging dorsal root
axons of Thy1-YFP transgenic mice (YFP-H: Feng et al., 2000). In YFP-H, ca. 150 neurons are fluorescently
labeled in each dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the labeled primary afferent axons are dispersed among
unlabeled ones. YFP+ neurons are among the largest of DRG neurons, positive for RT-97 and negative
for Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) staining. Imaging YFP+ axons after crushing a L5 rootlet in
PNS (ca. 3mm away from DREZ), we found that responses of YFP+ axons to crush injury are generally
uniform: 1) dying back of axons lasts for 1-2 days, 2) axons initiate their growth typically as one sprout,
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Conformational Changes of Ferricytochrome c Induced by pH and
Temperature
P-BIO-104
JONATHAN B. SOFFER
Chemistry
Cytochrome c is a small heme protein located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. In
its oxidized state it adopts a multitude of conformations corresponding to a variety of functions in
solution and intracellularly, such as electron transport and apoptosis. The primary objective was to
investigate the heterogeneity of the system under well-defined thermodynamic conditions. Comparing
both the native and non-native states of ferricytochrome c as it is adopted between a pH of 1 to 13
and temperature of 278K to 353K. MOPS buffer was used at low ionic strength (0.1mM) to minimize
the binding of anions to the positive patches on the protein’s surface. Investigation of the structure
and dynamics of ferricytochrome c at low ionic strength is of particular relevance due to the fact that
it is necessary for the complex formation with Apaf-1 and anionic lipids, which is thought to be key
factors in Parkinson’s disease (5). Visible electronic circular dichroism [ECD] and absorption spectroscopy
were employed to probe the changes occurring at low ionic strength within the heme environment.
The characterization of the transitions of ferricytochrome c at low ionic strength has shown significant
heterogeneity of the protein throughout the pH range. Plots using Kuhn anisotropy, delta e/e vs
temperature, was used in order to reduce scattering suggests intermediates populate as temperature
is increased. A thermally unfolded state of the protein consistently becomes populated at higher
temperatures across the pH range. The data presented is of the Soret band, a strong heme absorption
band in the blue region of the optical spectrum, with a complete systematic analysis under well-defined
thermodynamic conditions is currently under investigation to complete the conformational picture of
cytochrome c.
Enzyme Immobilization In Alginate Through Bioconjugation Techniques
P-BIO-106
NICOLA FRANCIS
Injuries to the spinal cord result in the formation of a glial scar, which provides an inhospitable
environment for neuron regeneration. The enzyme chondroitinase ABC (chABC) can be used to degrade
this glial scar, facilitating greater nerve regrowth and recovery of function. We explored various
methods of immobilizing chABC with alginate, a polysaccharide derived from seaweed, for the purpose
of stabilizing and prolonging enzyme activity. The most promising method of incorporating chABC was
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3) axons extend ca. 1mm per day forming no lateral branches, 4) growing tips of extending axons are
tapered in a spindle shape. Many axons fail to grow across the crush site. Nonetheless, these axons did
not seem to be particularly ‘poor’ regenerators, as indicated by numerous but directionless sprouts
continuously forming from such axons. We also found that axons reaching CNS area did not stop their
extension exactly at the DREZ (defined as the boundary between astrocytes and Schwann cells). Indeed,
preliminary analysis of the imaged axons and surrounding glial cells in wholemount preparations of
spinal cords indicates that axons frequently extend along astrocytic processes but stop on contact
with oligodendrocytes. We are continuing our analysis of the interactions between the imaged axons
and glial cells in detail, and imaging chronic responses of axon tips and their dynamics at the DREZ.
Time-lapse in vivo imaging should provide an unprecedented opportunity to understand why sensory
axons fail to grow into CNS, providing important insights into strategies for improving intraspinal
regeneration.
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to tether the enzyme to alginate with the use of a heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol spacer arm.
This incorporation method provided a chABC-alginate conjugate with initial activity and stability that
was not significantly different from the unmodified enzyme (p>0.05). The chABC-alginate conjugate
also retained its ability to degrade chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, a major component of the glial
scar. This bioconjugation procedure will allow us to incorporate chABC into a multi-functional alginate
construct, providing a combination of therapeutic strategies for neuron regeneration in the injured
spinal cord.
Liver Tissue Engineering within Polystyrene Scaffolds: Effects of a Three
Dimensional Environment on Hepatocyte Morphology, Proliferation and
Drug Metabolism-Specific Function
P-BIO-107
DHEERAJ ROY
Jessica Snyder, Robert Chang, Wei Sun
Tissue engineering with three dimensional (3D) scaffolds represents a developing field in which a
potential exists to create hepatic tissue to replace a weakening in vivo liver. The micro-environment
HepG2 liver cells are cultured into is believed to dramatically affect growth and cell functionality. The
importance of three dimensional (3D) environments lies in the fact that it has been utilized extensively
to guide tissue/organ regeneration. To test 3D cultures, HepG2 liver cells grown in 3D environments,
specifically porous polystyrene scaffolds, will be compared to those grown in two dimensional (2D)
polystyrene surfaces. Such an experimental study will permit examination of the effects of 3D versus
2D environments, with polystyrene being employed as the material for both. Comparative data will be
obtained by utilizing quantitative fluorescent assays as well as morphological analysis via optical light
microscopes. Fluorescent assays result in the quantification of HepG2 liver cell proliferation and drug
metabolism. The usefulness of drug metabolic analyses, specifically using urea, draws from the fact that
it is one of liver’s most vital functions, and is a subject of great interest in healthcare. The importance
of 3D in vitro models stems from the understanding that engineering the micro-environment in which
cells proliferate greatly influences cell behavior, along with the purpose of more closely mimicking
in vivo behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that 3D environments
significantly enhance HepG2 liver cell growth as compared to traditional 2D cultures. In this paper,
we present an experimental study to examine effects of 2D and 3D environments on HepG2 liver cell
morphology, proliferation and drug metabolism. The 2D environment for experimentation purposes
consists of polystyrene 12 well plates, while the 3D environment consists of polystyrene scaffolds of
two different surface areas (16cm2 and 30cm2, respectively). The results obtained will be useful in
determining the advantages and disadvantages of 2D versus 3D environments.
Inactivation of the lrrA Gene in Synechococcus elongatus by Means of
Insertional Mutagenesis
P-BIO-108
VIREN DOSHI
Biology
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a member of the pico phytoplankton in
freshwater environments. Cyanobacteria are notable for several reasons. First, they carry out plantlike oxygenic photosynthesis for the purpose of producing carbohydrates, and therefore contribute
significantly to the primary productivity of their habitat. Cyanobacteria also have functions in
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Detection of Inter-breeding in Drosophila simulans by
Examining Microsatellite Loci
P-BIO-109
NISHA SHAH
Biology
Microsatellites are studied for their utility as molecular markers in genetics. They are useful because
they are present in the genomes of all animals, plants, and some bacteria. Many of them are found in
similar locations along the genome of the same species and ones of its close relatives. High variability
of microsatellite loci allows them to be used as genetic markers which help differentiate between
populations. They can also be used for genetic mapping and genotyping organisms by showing
recombination frequency and visualization of parental alleles. We are interested in studying gene
flow and inter-breeding in Drosophila simulans by looking at allelic variation at previously identified
microsatellite loci. We have begun to utilize primers that amplify specific microsatellite loci in
polymerase chain reactions. Products were run in acrylamide gels to enable detection of small length
differences between alleles at the targeted microsatellite loci. Six different loci were examined, three
from the third chromosome and three from the X chromosome. Two of these loci are polymorphic
across the six examined stocks. We are not able to detect heterozygotes, suggesting that further
optimization is required. Additional primers will also need to be utilized to find more polymorphic
microsatellites that will be useful in studying inter-breeding in Drosophila simulans.
Expression and Localization of Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Surface
Protein 8 In Blood Stage Malaria Parasites
P-BIO-110
JAMES R. ALARO
College of Medicine
An effective malaria vaccine remains elusive despite concerted research efforts. Current vaccine
approaches target extracellular merozoites, which invade and replicate within RBCs causing clinical
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Proterozoic oil deposits, various fuels, nitrogen fertilization for crops, and health supplements. During
the Archaean and Proterozoic eras, cyanobacteria helped to create a more oxygenated environment.
Through genome sequence analysis, it was determined that this organism contains a gene that encodes
a putative member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), known specifically as the
lrrA gene. A hallmark of this family of transcriptional activators is that they control the expression of an
adjacent, but divergently transcribed gene. We hypothesize that this lrrA gene regulates the expression
of the adjacent and divergently transcribed orfG gene in this organism, which is believed to be a
transcriptional growth factor. To verify this, we have created a Synechococcus strain deficient in lrrA
functionality by means of insertional mutagenesis via introducing a chloramphenicol antibiotic cassette
inside the coding region of the lrrA. This knockout strain will be used to observe possible phenotypic
changes in S. elongatus as compared to the wild type organisms in competitive growth assays such as
high versus low light conditions as well as temperature variations and nutrient availability to determine
various stresses which could play a role in the growth of this organism. Furthermore, the levels of orfG
mRNA in this knockout will be used to determine how lrrA and light availability affect the expression
of this growth factor. The details of the cloning approach and mutagenesis strategy are presented
and discussed in this presentation. The results of this experimentation will help explain the interesting
pattern of LTTR regulation in the DNA region of S. elongatus encoding the adjacent yet divergently
transcribed lrrA and orfG genes.
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disease. Studies indicate that immunization with 42kDa recombinant merozoite surface protein 1
(MSP1-42), the lead vaccine candidate, induces suboptimal levels of antibodies against conformational
epitopes of EGF-like domains of MSP1-19 required to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro.
Merozoite surface protein 8 (MSP-8) also contains two C-terminal EGF-like domains similar to MSP-1
and is well conserved among plasmodial parasites. Using a murine model, we previously showed that
immunization with chimeric MSP1-19/MSP-8 vaccine induced near complete protection against lethal
Plasmodium yoelii, well beyond that achieved by admixture of MSP1-42 and MSP-8. We have initiated
studies to evaluate PfMSP-8 as a fusion partner for a chimeric PfMSP-1 based vaccine. PfMSP-8 (~597aa),
unlike PyMSP-8, contains additional tracts of Asp/Asn residues (~170aa) in the N terminal region.
Importantly, PfMSP-8 is recognized by sera from Plasmodium falciparum infected individuals. Reports
on localization of PfMSP-8 expression vary and differ somewhat with that of PyMSP-8. Using a bacterial
expression system, we expressed and purified two recombinant antigens based on the N and C terminal
sequences of PfMSP-8. Using polyclonal antiserum raised against the two antigens, we show that
PfMSP-8, an 80kDa protein, is synthesized earlier than PfMSP-1 during parasite development in RBCs
and processed into 37kDa and 17kDa fragments. By Immunoflorescence, we localized PfMSP-8 to the
surface of all blood stage parasites. The functional activity of the anti-PfMSP-8 sera is under evaluation.
Non-invasive Assessment of UV induced skin UV damage
P-BIO-111
CHETANA SUNKARI
Acute exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) causes visible skin damage such as erythema and results
in local and systemic immunosuppression while chronic exposure can result in photocarcinogenisis. Solar
radiation consists of UVA and UVB components, both contributing to deleterious effects on skin. These
effects can be visualized and quantitated by histology as well as bioassays of key biological markers
such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tryptophan moieties, or collagen related precursors. Our
results in quantitating UV skin damage with non-invasive optical methods are based on reflectance
and fluorescence spectroscopy and we compared these non-invasive measurements to histopathology
and MMP expression. A solar simulator with spectral output nearly identical to that of solar light
was developed and used in our experiments. SKH1 hairless mice were exposed to a Solar Simulated
Ultraviolet radiation (SSUVR) at a total dose of 21 MED delivered over 10 weeks. Changes in oxygenated
and deoxygenated hemoglobin were measured by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, and tryptophan
changes were monitored via a custom made fluorescence monitor. Our results suggest that there is an
increase in erythema, skin fluorescence, sunburn cells and MMP-13 after a series of suberythemal doses
of UV irradiations on a hairless mouse animal model. The increased skin fluorescence observed with
increasing UV exposure could be correlated to cell proliferation. The levels MMP-13 increase as the
cumulative UV dose increases but their increase does not correspond to changes in erythema and skin
fluorescence.
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Utilization of Passive Sonic Telemetry as Indicators of Movement and
Nesting of the Northern Diamondback Terrapin
(Malaclemys terrapin terrapin)
P-BIO-113
JULIANNE M. WINTERS
Harold W. Avery
Biology
Numerous anthropogenic factors pose serious threats to estuarine ecosystems and the organisms
inhabiting them. Bulkheading (i.e., construction of shoreline walls), dredging, boating, shoreline
development, over-harvesting, and pollution are some of the major human impacts to estuaries in
North America. The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is an ideal species for determining the
effects of human impacts to estuarine wildlife, because their habitat use and behavior uniquely utilize
both land and aquatic habitats that comprise estuaries. The objective of this study is to determine the
home range and nest site selection of diamondback terrapins in relation to anthropogenic impacts
in Barnegat Bay Estuary, New Jersey. We will use passive sonic telemetry technology and multiple
Submersible Underwater Receivers (SURs) to remotely track free-ranging terrapins throughout the Bay.
We will position SURs in arrays throughout areas of the Bay where we have marked terrapins over the
last three years to monitor the movements of individual terrapins. Fifteen terrapins will be outfitted
with sonic transmitters per site, which will send signals to the SUR when terrapins are within range.
Frequency, date, and time of signal reception will be logged remotely by each SUR. From these data
we will determine the individual terrapin whose signal was received, and movements of individuals
throughout the monitored areas. Gravid (i.e., egg-bearing) females will be closely monitored to
determine the nest site(s) used. Reproductive success of nests will be determined for each monitored
female. Wherever possible we will determine the cause(s) of nest failure. Our study will be critical in
determining the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic impacts to terrapins in areas of known
high terrapin densities. These findings will aid in management decisions regarding both aquatic (e.g.,
boat) and land (e.g., beach) uses in relation to ensuring the viability of wildlife resources within the
Barnegat Bay Estuary.
A New Fks Hotspot for Echinocandin Resistance In Yeast: Genetic and
Topological Analysis
P-BIO-114
MICHAEL E. JOHNSON
College of Medicine
Echinocandins such as caspofungin (CSP) and micafungin (MCF) represent a new antifungal group
with potent activity versus most Candida species. These complex lipopeptides inhibit synthesis of
‘-1,3 glucan, the major cell wall polysaccharide. Rare acquired resistance has been associated with
mutations in hotspot regions 1 (residues 639-647) or 2 (1354-1357) of integral membrane protein
Fks1 or its paralog Fks2, the probable ‘-1,3-glucan synthases. Intrinsic resistance of certain yeasts
and molds to echinocandins represent their major limitation. We are using Sacchromyces cerevisiae
to understand the basis for this by modeling echinocandin-Fks interaction. Following UV exposure,
resistant mutants were selected on CSP or MCF-containing medium. Colonies were isolated, minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined, and the relevant FKS regions sequenced to identify
mutations. Most mutations conferred CSP/MCF cross-resistance and mapped to hotspot 1. However,
one mutant (in fks1? background) exhibited = 256-fold differential resistance to MCF versus CSP and
the Fks2 double mutation W714L/Y715N. Since differential resistance implies that the mutated residues
interact directly with echinocandin (specifically, a variable side chain), this putative ‘hotspot 3’ was
further explored. Equivalent Fks1 mutations (W695L/Y696N) generated by site-directed mutagenesis
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confirmed their role in echinocandin resistance. Further site-directed mutagenesis expanded hotspot
3 to residues 692-698, with phenotypes ranging from cross-resistance (e.g., 16-fold for I697T) to crosshypersensitivity (>256-fold for I698P) to differential resistance (64-fold MCF/CSF for T692A/Y693S; 16fold CSF/MCF for W695C). Topological analysis predicts that hotspot 3, like hotspots 1 and 2, is located
at the terminus of an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane helix. These data suggest a novel model
in which echinocandins are anchored in the membrane via their lipid tail where they interact with Fks
transmembrane and adjacent cytoplasmic regions.
Coherent Oscillatory Networks Supporting Short-term Memory Retention
P-BIO-115
LISA PAYNE
College of Medicine
Accumulating evidence suggests that top-down processes, reflected by frontal-midline theta-band (4-8
Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, strengthen the activation of a memory set during shortterm memory (STM) retention. In addition, the amplitude of posterior alpha-band (8-13 Hz) oscillations
during STM retention is thought to reflect a mechanism that protects fragile STM activations from
interference by gating bottom-up sensory inputs. It has also been proposed that this cooperative
strategy subserves memory sets of up to four letters while a more complex cognitive strategy underlies
retention in higher demand conditions. The present study examined large-scale network connectivity
during STM retention by computing EEG wavelet coherence during the retention period of a modified
Sternberg task using visually-presented letters as stimuli in order to identify networks supporting
memory retention. The results showed (a) increasing theta-band coherence between frontal-midline
and left parietal sites of long-term lexical storage with increasing memory load, and (b) increasing
alpha-band coherence between midline parietal and left temporal/parietal sites with increasing
memory load. These findings support the view that theta-band coherence is the key factor in selective
top-down strengthening of the memory set and demonstrate that posterior alpha-band oscillations
associated with sensory gating are involved in STM retention through participation in the STM network.
Furthermore, these results indicate that this dual strategy is indeed maximized at 4 items, beyond which
theta coherence, dissociable into low (~4 Hz) and high (~6 Hz) bursts increases between frontal and
temporal sites which have been associated with verbal rehearsal.
Knockout of the lrra Gene in Synechococcus elongatus Via Overlap
Extension PCR
P-BIO-117
SIMARA PRICE
Biology
Unlike all other bacteria, Cyanobacteria are able to undergo oxygenic photosynthesis utilizing both
photosystem I and II. This unique ability introduced oxygen into the previously reducing atmosphere
during the Proterozoic and Archean eras, which drastically changed the biodiversity on Earth. Evidence
also suggests that Cyanobacteria entered into an endosymbiotic relationship with a unicellular
eukaryote leading to the genesis of chloroplasts. Synechococcus elongatus is a strain of Cyanobacteria
that is a found in freshwater environments. S. elongatus contains a gene, lrra, and through genome
sequence analysis it was determined to be a putative member of the LysR family of transcriptional
regulators. LysR type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are believed to regulate the transcription of
adjacent, divergently transcribed genes hence our hypothesis is that lrra regulates the expression of the
orfG gene. By using overlap extension PCR with a kanamyacin cassette, we will be creating a mutant S.
elongatus that lacks functional lrra. This mutant strain will be used to observe any phenotypic changes
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as well as measure changes in orfG mRNA levels. This strain can also be used for a double knockout of
orfG and lrra.
Differential Regulation of Transiently-Transfected Versus Stably Integrated
Promoter of The Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1
P-BIO-122
SAIFUR RAHMAN
Kevin Quann, Devanshi Pandya, Brian Wigdahl, Sharron Manuel, Edward Acheampong, Zafar Khan, Pooja Jain
College of Medicine
The HTLV-1 promoter or long terminal repeat (LTR) is essential for the expression of chromosomally
integrated HTLV-1 proviral DNA. Previous studies using various cell lines have demonstrated differential
requirement for cellular transcription factors between stably integrated and transiently transfected
LTR. However, since each cell type is known to differ in their intrinsic repertoire of transcription factors,
conclusive studies utilizing clinically representative cell types that are targeted by HTLV-1 in vivo will
need to be performed. To this end, we have used the CD4+ T cell line (Jurkat) as a model for this study
with the cell line carrying a stably integrated HTLV-1 LTR. Single cell clones were propagated and
examined for LTR integration by a reporter gene (luciferase)-based assay. The selected clones were then
analyzed for integrated LTR copy number by real time PCR with higher levels of LTR expression shown
to correlate with higher LTR copy number. To evaluate the role of Tax in the recruitment of various
cellular transcription factors between a stably integrated and transiently transfected LTR, a transcription
factor array was performed and significant differences were observed especially in the case of stably
integrated LTR with respect to the requirement of factors that are involved in chromatin remodeling. As
a means to understand the cellular mechanism for this differential action, a global miRNA profiling was
performed and analyzed using bioinformatics software to assess the role of Tax on the RNA interference
pathway. Tax was found to down-regulate the expression of miRNAs associated with the translational
regulation of factors needed for chromatin remodeling. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that
Tax can modulate the cellular miRNA pathway to control viral transcription by down-regulating miRNAs
that are needed for regulating the expression of chromatin remodeling factors.
The Effects of Acute MDMA Administration on Sensory-Evoked Discharge
in the Medial Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus
P-BIO-123
SHEVON E. NICHOLSON
Melanie Starr, Barry Waterhouse
College of Medicine
We have shown previously in anesthetized rats that acute systemic MDMA administration leads to
decreases in sensory responsiveness while at the same time results in increases in the spontaneous firing
rate of VPM thalamic neurons during tactile whisker stimulation. However, no published literature exist
which addresses MDMA’s possible neurophysiological impacts on auditory transmission. We examined
the effects of acute systemic MDMA (3mg/kg, i.p.) on the activity of individual neurons in the medial
geniculate nucleus (MGN). The MGN of the thalamus is responsible for relaying auditory information
to the auditory cortex. This region receives both serotonergic and noradrenergic projections from
the dorsal raphe nuclei and locus coerelus, respectively; thus making it vulnerable to the effects of
MDMA. Following surgical implantation of stainless steel 8-wire multi-channel electrode bundles, we
recorded spike train activity of individual neurons in response to an external auditory stimulus in awake
behaving rats. We found that a single low-dose injection of MDMA increased the spontaneous firing
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rate of individual MGN thalamic units within the first 20 minutes of injection. This effect persisted for
120 minutes. Acute MDMA administration also increased the peak magnitude of MGN thalamic units
in response to auditory stimulation. Although acute MDMA administration increases the spontaneous
firing rate of both VPM and MGN thalamic units, the effects on sensory response magnitude are
opposite for the two sensory regions. Further studies are needed in order to explain why MDMA causes
opposite effects on responsiveness to sensory stimulation of VPM and MGN thalamic units.
Non-Heavy Metal ZnSe Quantum Dots Synthesis Optimization and Surface
Modification for In-vivo Imaging Application and Disease Diagnostic
P-BIO-124
GIANG AU
Rosemary Bastian, Thao Nguyen, Zankhana Patel, Yu-Chien Lu, Joseph Capobianco
The ability to image diseased tissues or monitor biological processes in vivo is desirable as it allows
identification of diseases or biological pathways noninvasively. Quantum Dots (QDs) are semiconducting
nanocrystals that are photoluminescent (PL). They are brighter than fluorescent molecules and do
not photo bleach, ideal for in vivo imaging. Current commercial QDs are composed of heavy metal
core which exhibits toxicity. In addition, commercial QDs are expensive and their synthesis involves
environmentally hazardous organic-solvent. On the other hand, aqueous non-heavy metal ZnSe QDs
have been synthesized using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) without tri-n-octylphosphine oxide
(TOPO). Current problems of MPA-capped ZnSe QDs are that they have low PL intensities and are
unstable over time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate appropriate synthesis parameters that
can optimize the PL intensity and stability of non-heavy metal ZnSe QDs and at the same time allow
for conjugation with bio-molecules for imaging applications. Our solution is to identify the optimal
composition ratio among the precursor elements coupled with heat treatment and capping molecule
replacement. (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPS) replacement of MPA provides stability to the
QDs. Surface modification using succinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC)
as linkers to streptavidin was employedto conjugate with biotinylated biomolecules for specific binding.
The ultimate goal of the study is to create a QD kit that is suitable for in vivo imaging applications such
as detection of breast cancer margin to assist complete removal of the tumor during surgery.
Priming of The Tax-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response Through
Dendritic Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo
P-BIO-125
SHARRON MANUEL
Todd Schell, Edward Acheampong, Saifur Rahman, Zafar Kahn, Pooja Jain
College of Medicine
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of a debilitating neurologic disorder,
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The main feature of this disease
is an intense immune response including the oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
(CTLs) specific for the viral oncoprotein Tax. The importance of DCs in this dysregulated response has
not been established so far. The current theory postulates CD4+/CD25+ T cells as being the major
stimulus for the hyperactivated Tax-specific CD8+ T cell responses observed in HAM/TSP. However, these
studies were performed by utilizing pre-primed responder CD8+ T cells from patients. In this respect,
we have investigated the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs), particularly dendritic cells (DCs),
in the priming of the anti-Tax CTL response under both in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, we
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Inactivation of Bacillus Cereus Spores with Dielectric Barrier Grating
Discharge (DBGD)
P-BIO-126
NACHIKET VAZE
Sin Park, Ryan Robinson, Shivanthi Anandan, Alexander Fridman, Gregory Fridman, Yurii Mukhin
Bacillus Cereus is a gram-positive, rod shaped, spore forming bacterium. The spores of B. Cereus are
difficult to inactivate and are used in sterilization studies. Our non-thermal plasma based Dielectric
Barrier Grating Discharge (DBGD) unit has been proven to be effective against airborne microorganisms.
Aerosolized E. coli were inactivated by 5 logs by the DBGD inside a test chamber that is replica of an
actual HVAC system. The system was modified and sterilization studies were performed using B. Cereus
spores. High concentrations of B. cereus spores were aerosolized and allowed to pass through the DBGD
unit. The results indicate that the DBGD unit is effective in inactivating 86% of the spores in 20 seconds
of treatment of the entire airflow.
Use of Voltammetry to Investigate the Release and Uptake of
Methylphenidate in the Rat Brain
P-BIO-127
BRIDGET WILLOUGHBY
Andrew Khair, Barry Waterhouse, Karen Moxon
Methylphenidate, commonly known as Ritalin, is frequently prescribed to children diagnosed with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The neurological effects of methylphenidate are
attributed to its ability to block the uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and
dopamine. Voltammetry is a technique than allows for the real time measurement of the effects of
methylphenidate on the release and uptake of NE in the rat brain. In this study, we investigate the
effects of methylphenidate on the release and uptake of NE in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI)
following the stimulation of the locus coeruleus. The results indicate that methylphenidate (5 mg/kg
i.p.) decreases the uptake of NE in the SI. Surprisingly, this dose of methylphenidate also decreases the
release of NE. Currently, we are investigating whether the a-2 receptor is involved in the mechanism
underlying this decrease in the release. These experiments involve the administration of the a-2
receptor antagonist, idazoxan. Preliminary results indicate that the a-2 receptor is involved in regulating
the amount of NE released in the SI.
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investigated two routes (direct vs. cross) of Tax presentation utilizing live virus and HTLV-1 infected T
cell lines (MT-2 and C8166), respectively. Our results indicated that DCs are capable of priming a very
pronounced Tax-specific CTL response in cell culture as well as in HLA- HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice
(Line HHD II). Moreover, DCs could successfully direct the presentation of Tax through infected T cells,
live virus, and cell-free Tax. These observations were comparable to those made with a known inducer
of DC maturation - a combination of CD40L and IFN-?. Collectively, our studies clearly establish a role for
DCs in HTLV-1 immuno/neuropathogenesis and suggest that modulation of their functions may be an
important tool for therapeutic intervention.
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Optimization of Ultrasound Parameters to Enhance Sonoporation Efficiency
P-BIO-128
MICHAEL COCHRAN
The effectiveness of gene therapy, short interfering RNA (siRNA) and some drugs has been limited
by the inability to efficiently transport the requisite macromolecules through the cell membrane.
Microbubbles in the presence of ultrasound can generate enough force to create nonspecific transient
pores in cell membranes in a process called sonoporation. Polymer microbubble contrast agents
developed in this lab were used to enhance intracellular delivery of the marker FITC-dextran. A
significant increase in sonoporation efficiency was observed with increasing pulse repetition frequencies
while increasing exposure times had no significant effect. These results can be used to improve gene
transfection efficiencies beyond the current limits.
Differential Pattern of HIV-1 Vpr Intracellular Localization
May Be Associated with The Mechanism of Vpr Secretion
In Specific Cell Populations
P-BIO-129
ADRIANO FERRUCCI
Anupam Banerjee, Michael Nonnemacher, Brian Wigdahl
College of Medicine
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) is a virion-associated multi-functional
viral regulatory protein that acts within the viral life cycle and a number of cellular pathways. HIV1 Vpr has been previously shown to mainly accumulate in the nucleus and nuclear envelope in
HeLa or 293T kidney cells. These cellular phenotypes, however, have little to do with the overall
pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and disease. To address this gap in knowledge, we have examined
HIV-1 Vpr localization patterns in cell lines that represent major cellular targets for HIV-1 infection
within peripheral blood, bone marrow, and central nervous system (CNS). For localization studies, two
different tags were employed, green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Hemagglutinin (HA). GFP-Vpr, with
the tag placed at either the N- or C-terminus, and HA-Vpr, with the tag at the N-terminus, produced
two different localization patterns. GFP-tagged Vpr, regardless of the location of the tag, was mainly
found in speckles inside the nucleus and to a lesser extent in the nucleoli and nucleolar rim, with
a dispersed accumulation in the cytoplasm. On the contrary, the shorter HA tag resulted in a more
dense nuclear accumulation, with exclusion from the nucleolus with a defined but scattered presence
in the cytoplasm. Additionally, HIV-1 Vpr was also detected in an extracellular virus-free form, which
suggests that Vpr may be secreted from selected cell populations. This study may shed new light on the
mechanisms associated with cellular secretion from HIV-1-infected cells, which may lead to detrimental
effects on bystander HIV-1-uninfected cells in response to extracellular virus-free Vpr.
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P-BIO-130
SONIA SHAH
Aikaterini Alexaki, Michael Nonnemacher, Evelyn Kilareski, Brian Wigdahl
College of Medicine
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is driven by the long terminal repeat
(LTR), which has many binding sites shown to interact with multiple viral and host factors. Previous
studies identified specific nucleotide sequence variations within CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/
EBP) site I and Sp site III (3T, C-to-T change at position 3, and 5T, C-to-T change at position 5 of the
binding site, respectively) that correlate with increased severity of HIV-1 disease and HIV-1-associated
dementia. A series of stably transfected cell lines were developed utilizing bone marrow progenitor, T,
and monocytic cell lines (TF-1, Jurkat, and U-937, respectively) to explore the LTR phenotype associated
with these genotypic changes from an integrated chromatin-based microenvironment. Macrophage-,
T cell-, and dual-tropic LTRs were coupled to a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP),
and polyclonal HIV-1 LTR-GFP stable cell lines were developed. To effectively examine the site of LTR
integration within the genome, clones were derived from each population of cells. These clones have
been examined under basal as well as with chemical and cytokine treatment and Tat transactivation.
Results have shown that non-LTR expressing clones cannot be induced to express under any
circumstances examined, where as expressing clones can be induced by chemical and cytokine treatment
and Tat-mediated transactivation. To date, results demonstrate that the site of LTR integration may
determine whether the LTR will be transcriptionally active and if transcription can be induced or upregulated. Further studies will begin to define the differences between transcriptionally silent and
active LTR-containing cell clones.
Characterization of HIV-1 Genetic Variation Within The Long
Terminal Repeat and Envelope Sequences Within The DrexelMed
HIV/AIDS Patient Cohort
P-BIO-131
BENJAMAS AIAMKITSUMRIT
Katherine Flaig, Evelyn Kilareski, Michael Nonnemacher, Jeffrey Jacobson, Julio Martin-Garcia, Brian Wigdahl
College of Medicine
Microglial cells and perivascular macrophages support most productive human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV-1) replication within the brain, although both have low CD4 levels making macrophage
tropism and preferential CCR5 utilization features of CNS-derived viruses and their envelopes.
Sequence analysis has demonstrated both viral evolution within the CNS and compartmentalization of
sequences between brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting the potential for adaptation within the
brain environment. Previous studies of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal
repeat (LTR) have shown that specific variations within the C/EBP (3T) and Sp (5T) binding sites isolated
from the peripheral blood correlate with disease progression and HIV-associated dementia in patient
samples obtained prior to the introduction of HAART. The 3T/5T-containing LTRs may be representative
of LTR genotypes that are preferentially retained because of specific functional properties involved in
disease pathogenesis in the peripheral blood, CNS, and perhaps other compartments. We propose that
certain envelope sequences are co-selected with the LTR and play an important role in determining the
cell types infected within the peripheral blood and brain. Herein, we describe the cloning of a 4.3 Kb
fragment of the HIV-1 provirus, including sequences extending from Vpr through the 3’ LTR, from the
peripheral blood of patients enrolled in the DrexelMed HIV/AIDS patient cohort. Genomic sequence
analysis of specific configurations of HIV-1 LTR transcription factor binding sites in association with
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Establishment of Clonal Cell Lines for The Functional Analysis of The HIV-1
LTR Within The Context of Chromatin-Based Microenvironment
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specific envelope genotypes is presented. Future studies will address functional properties of these viral
genetic signatures.
Molecular Techniques to Investigate Bacterial Diversity Within
the Army Ants
P-BIO-132
COLIN FUNARO
Biology
Ants have been shown to harbor a variety of bacterial species that play a significant role in their
ecology and evolution. Previous research has identified members of the bacterial class Mollicutes across
a broad range of species from the ant family Formicidae. Although their roles in ant ecology have not
been fully explored, relatives of these bacteria have a variety of interesting symbiotic and pathogenic
lifestyles. Our research focuses on the army ants, which consists of three related ant subfamilies. It was
previously shown that a group of related Mollicutes are prevalent within these nomadic, predatory
ants. To further elucidate the prevalence of these associations among army ant groups, we used
diagnostic PCR and DNA sequencing to assess infection status and explore bacterial diversity. Our
surveys have found promising initial results. Mollicutes appear to be present in all developmental
stages, all surveyed species, and multiple colonies. In addition, the Eciton genus shows increased
infection rates compared to other genera. Early phylogenetic analyses indicate that nearly all Mollicute
associates from the army ants form an exclusive evolutionary lineage, suggesting the potential for
specialized and co-evolved relationships. Further studies will focus on fully defining the ecological and
evolutionary significance of these common army ant associates.
Increasing Tumor Extracellular Matrix Elasticity Induces Reactive Oxygen
Species in Normal or Transformed Pancreatic & Breast Epithelial Cells?
P-BIO-133
GREGORY P. BOTTA
College of Medicine
Basic: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) of the Breast are each the
most common cancer type for their respective organ and consistently correlated with a desmpolastic
tumor microenvironment. Although much is understood about the cellular mutations found within
these tumors, much less is understood regarding the relationship between the fibrotic extracellular
matrix (ECM) conversion and its mechanical ability to cooperate in the neoplastic process of tumor
formation. By increasing the stiffness of synthetic gels and natural ECM polymers, we show that as
the tumor’s environment becomes steadily rigid, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced which can
damage DNA, cause chromosomal instability, modify gene expression as secondary messengers, and
degrade housekeeping proteins, ultimately assisting in transformation and inducing metastasis. Our
research aims to translate the knowledge of these novel mechanisms clinically such that patients’ cancer
biopsies can be assessed for their Young’s Modulus and associated with medical decisions regarding the
tumor’s neoplastic and metastatic potential. These characteristics are ultimately directed towards novel
pharmaceutical treatment options which degrade the ECM’s influence on normal and transformed
cell types, halting the cyclic influence of the desmoplastic environment. Recent experiments by our
laboratory suggest that both normal and transformed Osteosarcoma Cells (U2OS), Human Pancreatic
Epithelial Cells (hTERT-HPNE & hTERT-HPNE+E6/E7/SV40smallt/KRas+) and Breast Epithelial Cells
(MCF10A & BT-20) have an increased induction of reactive oxygen species following growth on ECM
substrates of different phenotype and rigidity. By altering the elasticity of these various substrates via
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The Discovery of Somatic Stem Cells in pou5f1-GFP Transgenic
Zebrafish Larvae
P-BIO-134
ALISHA LALL
Other
Other
Octamer 4 (OCT4) and Sex Determining Region Y-box2 (SOX2) are essential transcription factors for
maintaining self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. They are also present in somatic
stem cells, not in the differentiated cells, indicating that they can be used as markers to detect somatic
stem cells. Past research indicates OCT4 and SOX2 expressing cells were found within the eyes, gut,
and lateral line of zebrafish larvae at 4-7 day post fertilization. This study intends to find somatic stem
cells in older larvae by using pou5f1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic zebrafish larvae, in
which GFP expression is driven by the promoter of the OCT4 gene. 15 day old transgenic larvae were
analyzed by GFP antibody staining. GFP expressing cells were found in the gut, pronephrous duct, skin,
and lateral line. These GFP-positive cells will be co-labeled with stem cell markers, OCT4 and SOX2
antibodies, to confirm that GFP-expressing cells are somatic stem cells in zebrafish larvae. This study will
contribute to understanding the development of somatic stem cells.
Design of a Biomimetic Aggrecan Macromolecule
P-BIO-135
SUMONA SARKAR
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration occurs with aging, and may be a major cause of back pain.
Alterations in the major biochemical constituents of the IVD have been shown to coincide with aging
and disc degeneration and can subsequently alter the discs’ ability to support load. Aggrecan and
other similar proteoglycans comprise 50% wet weight of the inner region (nucleus pulposus) of the
intervertebral disc. Aggrecan works to resist mechanical force in the nucleus pulposus and provide a
hydrostatic tension to the outer region of the intervertebral disc via molecular interactions however
there is a loss of this biomacromolecule with aging and degeneration. The goal of this work is to
develop a minimally invasive early interventional technique for the treatment and prevention of back
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concentration changes or cross-linking polymerization and measuring in Pascals (Pa) we have seen that
as the Young’s Modulus is increased from a normal in vivo elasticity of 167 ‘ 31 Pa, ROS production also
increases. Specifically, those cells grown on tissue-culture grade glass (69x109 Pa) and plastic (2.78x109
Pa) have significant ROS induction compared to those grown on collagen I gels (215 ‘ 45 Pa), Matrigel
(175 ‘ 37 Pa) or polyacrylamide polymerized with ECM fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV (300 Pa,
5000 Pa, 20000 Pa). Even inclusively comparing different collagen I (215 ‘ 45 Pa vs 856 ‘ 32 Pa) and
Polyacrylamide-ECM (300Pa vs 5000Pa vs 20000Pa) rigidity changes, intracellular ROS correlates with the
increasing stiffness of the substrate. Future studies have begun to characterize the specific mechanism
responsible for ECM signaling into the cell. Specific a and ‘ integrins as well as focal adhesions are
hypothesized to initiate different internal pathways that eventually lead to either plasma membrane
NADPH Oxidase (NOX) gene expression or stimulation and, ultimately, the production of ROS as
either a destructive force or a secondary messenger. Particularly, nox4 production has been seen to
be upregulated in normal pancreas while its inhibition via siRNA has been shown to remove the antiapoptotic phenotype of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, nox1 has been shown to be highly
expressed in breast tumors. We intend to run Western Blot analyses of our characterized cell lines as
well as human tissue biopsies acquired from the Drexel Tissue Procurement facility in an effort to detail
the extent of nox upregulation in the context of pancreatic and breast cancer desmoplasia. Taken as a
group, these results and hypotheses offer the potential of new regulatory pathways, advanced patienttumor characterization, and novel pharmaceutical approaches to pancreatic and breast neoplasias.
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pain originating from intervertebral disc degeneration. To achieve this we are designing a biomimetic
analogue to the ubiquitous biomacromolecule, aggrecan. Aggrecan is composed of a protein core
to which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratin sulfate (KS) are
covalently bound. Charged anionic groups on the GAG chains draw water into the disc and electrostatic
repulsions generated between closely packed GAG chains resist deformation thereby allowing the
tissue to distribute mechanical forces. We have identified functional groups within the CS chain that
may be utilized to selectively bind the terminal end of CS to synthetic polymeric backbones thereby
mimicking the bottle-brush structure and nano-organization of native aggrecan. Various properties of
the biomimetic molecule can be varied including backbone composition and functionalization and CS
density and type and their implications for the mechanical properties of the resulting analogue can be
determined. Through these studies we hope to create the most therapeutically relevant material by
gaining a better understanding of the optimal macromolecular design at the nano-scale.
The Effects of Methylphenidate On Sensory Signal Processing In The
Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
P-BIO-136
KARA AGSTER
Brian Clark
College of Medicine
Methylphenidate (MPH) acts to increase extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and
dopamine (DA). However, at low doses MPH has been shown to restrict its actions primarily to the
noradrenergic system, with minimal effect on DA neurotransmission (Kuczenski et al, 1995; Florin
et al, 1994). Prior research has shown that locally applied NE or activation of the LC-noradrenergic
pathway facilitates transmission of sensory signals to neurons within sensory circuits. The dorsal
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) receives direct retinal input and has reciprocal connections with
visual cortex. Additionally, the rodent dorsal LGN exhibits strong noradrenergic innervation and
weak dopaminergic input; therefore, it is likely that MPH will modulate neuronal activity in the LGN.
Extracellular recordings using fine wire bundles were made while animals were quietly resting in a
behavioral chamber. Flashes of light of varying durations (10, 15, 25, or 40 msec) were presented in a
pseudorandom order. Lateral geniculate activity was monitored following injection of either saline or
low dose MPH (2 mg/kg). Analysis of multi-unit and single-unit activity indicates that MPH increases
neuronal responsiveness to the visual stimuli. Evidence of enhanced responsiveness included increased
magnitude of both excitatory and inhibitory response components and greater temporal fidelity to
stimulus presentation. Furthermore, stimuli that appeared to be sub-threshold for eliciting responses in
the control condition elicited robust neuronal discharges following MPH administration. These findings
suggest a prominent, catecholamine-mediated facilitating effect of MPH on sensory signal processing
in waking animals. The dosage of MPH employed in these studies achieves drug plasma levels (8-40 ng/
ml) similar to those observed in ADHD patients. Thus, the drug effects reported here could contribute to
the therapeutic efficacy of MPH in treating ADHD symptoms. Support contributed by: Grants from NIDA
(DA017960) and the Pennsylvania Department of Health to BDW and a fellowship award (T32 NINDS NS
007440) to KLA.
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Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) of Hydrogel Films: Synthesis,
Characterization and Biocompatibility
P-BIO-137
RANJITA K. BOSE
In this work, we produced thin films of hydrogel polymers for potential bio-applications. Homopolymers
of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were created using
initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a unique one-step polymerization and thin film deposition
process that utilizes no liquid solvents. PHEMA and PEG were synthesized by a free radical and a
cationic polymerization mechanism, respectively. We are able to demonstrate for the first time cationic
polymerization of PEG via iCVD. For PHEMA, iCVD deposition rates in excess of 1 ‘m/min were obtained,
which are very high compared to typical vapor deposition processes, thus yielding thick free-standing
polymer films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopies showed that the chemistry of PHEMA and PEG obtained by iCVD synthesis matched that
of PHEMA and PEG obtained from solution synthesis. Tensile tests performed on PHEMA films under
controlled humidity environments gave a Young’s modulus of ~1 MPa. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell
adhesion studies carried out on PHEMA showed these films were non-cytotoxic and displayed good cell
adhesion properties.
Bioprinting Cell-Laden Tissue Constructs as an In Vitro Model
of Drug Metabolism
P-BIO-138
ROBERT CHANG
Jessica Snyder, Wei Sun, Honglu Wu
Novel technologies such as solid freeform fabrication has enabled the bioprinting of reproducible,
patterned cell-embedded tissue constructs that simulate the in vivo 3D microenvironment for the
creation of high-fidelity physiological tissue models. In this work, a drug metabolism model is
developed by first bioprinting cell-laden liver and target tissue constructs onto a multi-chamber
platform and then investigating the metabolic properties of an experimental cancer pharmaceutical.
Radiation treatment of the dual micro-organ device is also tested to assess the impact of different
pharmaceuticals on various tissue viability, structural morphology, and cell-specific metabolic potential.
Estrogen Receptors Alpha Are More Abundant In Female Than In Male
Gallbladders: A Potential Contributory Factor for Gender Differences
In Gallstone Pathogenesis
P-BIO-139
NANDITA SURESH
Mohammad Z Abedin
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
Background and Aims: Gallstones (GS) are 2 to 3 times more common in women than in men. Estrogens
are potential contributory factors to the promotion of GS by increasing biliary cholesterol saturation
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and decreasing gallbladder (GB) motility. Hepatic secretion of cholesterol-saturated bile is a necessary
but not sufficient pre-requisite, suggesting that other factors such as alterations in GB absorption of
Na+ and H2O are required. GB Na+ transport is mediated through apically restricted Na+/H+ exchange
(NHE). We have recently shown that prairie dog GB expresses NHE isoforms NHE1-3. NHE activity is
upregulated prior to cholesterol crystal formation and may promote nucleation. Estrogen response
element (ERE) has been reported in rat NHE3 promoter region suggesting potential regulation of NHE3
by estrogens. Estrogen mediates its effects by binding to specific estrogen receptors (ER) which appear
to regulate gene expression through modulation of transcription. Alterations in ER expression may
alter GB Na+ transport and in part account for the increased GS incidence in women. We have recently
shown that both human and prairie dog GBs express ER-a and ER-a proteins are more abundant in
females. Aim of the present study was to determine whether a gender difference exists in GB ER-a
mRNA expression. Methods: GBs were harvested from both male and female prairie dogs fed normal
chow and total RNA was extracted. ER-a mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR using prairie
dog ER-a specific probe/ primers with cyclophylline A as the internal control. Results: qRT-PCR analysis of
ER-a gene expression normalized to cyclophilin A showed a 10-fold and 7.8-fold increase in female and
male GBs, respectively. Conclusion: Differential GB ER-a expression may in part contribute to the gender
differences observed in GS pathogenesis.
A Proposal for An Improvement of Bioconjugation of Microbubbles by
Using Plasma Treatment for Implications of Targeted Delivery
P-BIO-140
KANNAPORN POOPUT
Polylactic acid (PLA) with ester end groups (COOR) has been widely used to fabricate microbubbles
(MBs) for use in ultrasound imaging because it provides good echonogenic and time responses.
Specific ligands for cell targeting are usually attached to the MB surface by a typical coupling agent of
carbodiimide. The coupling reaction is performed by changing the ester to free carboxylic end group
(COOH) under uncontrolled hydrolysis. The reaction is easily performed but it takes time and requires
reagent removal. MBs prepared by COOH end capped PLA provided rough surface morphology which
is not appropriate for drug carrier. In this study, we proposed an alternative method using an oxygen
plasma treatment to generate free ‘COOH on MB surface for further conjugation with ligand molecules
for the implications of targeted delivery.
A Device for Measurement of Shear-Stress Induced Nitric Oxide Production
From Endothelial Cells In Vitro
P-BIO-141
ALLISON M. ANDREWS
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule produced by the endothelium that is involved in vasodilation
and regulating vascular tone. Decreased NO production or availability has been linked to endothelial
dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Shear stress changes is known to cause NO
release however; the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Technical difficulties
and limitations in available techniques have hindered measurements of shear stress induced direct real
time nitric oxide production in vitro. We have overcome these challenges with our newly designed
laminar parallel flow chamber. Endothelial cells are grown on the bottom of transwell plates, which are
then inserted into the flow chamber flush with the upper plate. Nitric oxide is measured using a NO70
OS-9 Is Part of a Protein Quality Control System Required for HypoxiaInducible Factor 1
P-BIO-142
TAOTAO LAO
Dongming Liang, Pinky Kurani
Biology
Hypoxia inducible factor 1? (HIF-1?) is a transcriptional regulator playing critical roles in cells’ response
to multiple signaling pathways. Constitutively translated HIF-1? is degraded at normoxic conditions
through an oxygen-dependent ubiquitination-proteasomal pathway, forming the key mechanism of
oxygen sensing. Previously we characterized a ubiquitination-independent degradation of HIF-1?, which
was proposed to form a quality control system to dispose HIF-1? failed in its folding processes. OS-9
has been identified as a HIF-1?-interacting protein localized in nuclei. Its interaction with HIF-1??was
proposed to promote HIF-1? ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting OS-9 is part of the oxygen
sensing mechanism. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we also identified OS-9 as an interacting partner
of HIF-1?. However, our data show that OS-9 is not a nuclear protein. Instead, it generally localizes to
the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lumen. Cell fractionation analysis illustrates that a significant
portion of HIF-1? is located in ER-membrane and lumen. Over-expression of OS-9 has no obvious effect
on endogenous HIF-1? levels or HIF function, but accelerates the degradation of misfolded HIF-1? or
truncated exogenous HIF-1?. Combining this with other data, we conclude that OS-9 is a part of a
protein quality control system to dispose of misfolded proteins, including HIF-1? that fails the folding
processes. While the involvement of ER in quality control of a transcription factor is against currently
established concepts, our observation is consistent with recent reports that OS-9 is part of the ERAD
system dealing with secretory and membrane proteins.
The Prevalence of Aerosolized Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
in Philadelphia Homes
P-BIO-143
RACHEL JOHNSON
Environmental and Occupational Health
The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, both in hospitals and the community, has
become a significant public health concern. While previously seen primarily in patients with weakened
immune systems, antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have become common in patients with
no known risk factors. Currently, very little data have been collected in this area, particularly data
concerning community-acquired antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This project investigates the prevalence
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in Philadelphia
homes. Aerosolized bacteria will be sampled, cultured, and identified, and then tested for susceptibility
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sensitive electrode (WPI) located in the upper transwell chamber. Nitric oxide production was measured
in response to step changes in flow from 1 dyne/cm2 to either 5 dyne/cm2 or 10 dyne/cm2. N?-Nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was added to reduce nitric oxide production. L-NAME decreased peak
NO production by 30% from a step change from 1 dyne/cm2 to 10 dyne/cm2 and 40% from 1 dyne/cm2
to 5 dyne/cm2 . The presence of L-arginine (L-arg), which competes with L-NAME, prevented complete
inhibition of NO production. We demonstrate for the first time direct real time NO measurements from
endothelial cells under shear stress changes. Our design offers a method for studying the mechanisms
behinds shear stress induced nitric oxide production as well as pathological conditions involving
changes in nitric oxide production or availability.
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and/or resistance to antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin, and cefaclor. The aims for this study are
to determine the types of bacteria, particularly antibiotic-resistant strains, present in the air in homes;
determine what percentage of the bacteria sampled are resistant to antibiotics; determine if there is a
correlation between quantities of bacteria in the air and on surfaces within a given home; and generate
enough data to determine whether or not antibiotic-resistant bacteria in homes is a problem significant
enough to warrant extensive future investigations. This project will help build a valuable dataset
regarding the level of this bacteria present in the environment and will provide information for future
studies into environmental risk factors for developing these infections.
Influence of Plasmodium Yoelii Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor On
The Course of Blood Stage Malaria
P-BIO-144
SWATI THORAT
College of Medicine
During Plasmodium falciparum infection, excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines
contributes to severe disease. Cytokine production can be enhanced by macrophage migration
inhibitory factor (MIF) which prevents the glucocorticoid mediated down-regulation of the
proinflammatory response. Data from field studies suggests that MIF plays a protective role during
malaria infection as elevated levels of circulating MIF corresponded to a less severe disease. On the
other hand, recent studies in rodent malaria models have shown a role for host MIF in development
of malaria-associated anemia. Sequencing of Plasmodium genomes predicted a gene product with
significant similarity to mammalian MIF (30%). To study the potential role of parasite-encoded MIF in
the pathogenesis of malaria, we used the P. yoelii murine model. Initial characterization of PyMIF was
done using bacterially expressed recombinant protein. Assays to evaluate functional activity of PyMIF
showed that the parasite molecule actively induced chemotaxis of macrophages. PyMIF was detected
in parasitized erythrocytes and in extracellular medium by immunoprecipitation. Neutralization of
PyMIF by immunization-induced antibody during infection resulted in a low persistent parasitemia
and a longer period of anemia. To further evaluate the role of PyMIF during infection, we generated a
transgenic parasite that can constitutively overexpress PyMIF on a P. yoelii 17X background (PyMIFCON).
The pymif gene was placed under the control of the ef-1a promoter which is active in all blood stages
of the parasite. Confirmation of the integration of the transgene into the genome was done by PCR
and Southern blot analysis, demonstrating two tandemly integrated copies into the c-unit of the P.
yoelii 17X rrna gene while leaving the endogenous pymif locus intact. Overexpression of PyMIF was
confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot. For infection studies, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were challenged
with PyMIFCON and similarly generated Py17X-GFP parasites. We observed that PyMIFCON parasites
had a modest effect on the kinetics of infection in terms of parasitemia, anemia and reticulocytosis.
The PyMIF overexpressing parasites showed lower parasite burden indicating a trend towards
attenuation. This indicates a potential protective role for PyMIF in the regulation of infection, possibly
by modulation of the cytokine response.
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Study of Intracranial Pressure Trends in Cerebral Disorders
and Head Trauma
P-BIO-145
XU MENG
Usmah Kawoos
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) monitoring is a significant tool in the management of various cerebral
disorders and trauma such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, brain tumors, infarctions,
Reye’s syndrome, determining need of a shunt or monitoring its function and various intracranial
infections. It is known that Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI for short) is an insult to the brain, not of a
degenerative or congenital nature, but caused by external physical force that may produce a diminished
or altered state of consciousness, which results in an impairment of cognitive abilities or physical
functioning. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States. Each
year, traumatic brain injuries contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent
disability. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1.4 million people
sustain a TBI each year in the United States, out of which 30% were reported for children. The study of
trends in ICP can be used to research several aspects of cerebral disorders and head trauma including
influence factors of outcome, new treatment technologies, complications, etc. Presently implemented
techniques for ICP monitoring are mainly based on using a catheter connected to an external monitor.
The shortcomings of catheter based monitoring are the risk of infection, inappropriateness for long
term, usage restriction to hospital settings due to the catheter emanating from the patients skull. Also
long term ICP monitoring is desirable in patients with recurrent symptoms, e.g. for hydrocephalus.
However, the ICP monitoring device we developed can solve these complications. This small, wireless
completely implantable device, operating at ISM band of 2.4GHz, has been tested in-vitro and invivo. It addresses a variety of issues specific to biomedical sensors and limitations of previous pressure
monitoring implants such as biocompatibility, power efficiency, and ability to monitor the pressure
from distances. In addition to the aforementioned applications of ICP monitoring, blast brain injuries
in military and civilian population are increasing at an alarming rate. A long term study of ICP trends in
small animal subjects peripheral blast exposure will facilitate to better understand the management of
blast subjects. The work on the project could be divided into two directions. One is the improvement of
the device. The device would be meliorated to cooperate with animal and blast study. The other is the
animal and blast study using this device. The research would be performed on the animals first. Also we
are going to test our device in the blast tube for the blast brain injury study in the future.
The Role of Double Bromodomain Proteins Bdf1 and Bdf2 In Preservation
of Genomic Integrity During DNA Synthesis
P-BIO-146
MIKAEL GARABEDIAN
Eishi Noguchi
Biology
The modification of histones plays an important role in changing chromatin structures. Histones are
subjected to a variety of post-translational modification such as acetylation and methylation, which
in turn regulates a variety of cellular processes including gene expression. Emerging evidence has
suggested that histone acetylation also plays an important role in DNA replication and repair processes,
although its precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report two double bromodomain
proteins Bdf1 and Bdf2 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These proteins are conserved
throughout evolution, and studies in budding yeast have shown that Bdf1 and Bdf2 interact with
acetylated histone H4 to regulate gene expression. In the present study, we show that inactivation of
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Bdf1 or Bdf2 renders the cell sensitive to agents that damage DNA during DNA replication, suggesting
the role of Bdf1 and Bdf2 in DNA damage responses during DNA replication. We also show that cells
lacking bdf1 or bdf2 display a significant increase in DNA damage during S-phase. Moreover, pulsedfield gel electrophoresis analysis reveals that Bdf1 and Bdf2 are required for proper recovery of DNA
replication after replication fork breakage. Thus, our data indicate that Bdf1 and Bdf2 are involved
in preservation of genomic integrity during DNA synthesis, suggesting the importance of histone H4
acetylation in DNA replication and its controls.
3-D Model Breast Tumor Imaging, Location, and Sizing using
Array Piezoelectric Fingers
P-BIO-147
JOSA HANZLIK
Dr. Wan Shih, Dr. Wei-Heng Shih
A piezoelectric finger (PEF) is a piezoelectric cantilever that consists of a top driving piezoelectric lead
zirconate titanate (PZT) layer and a bottom sensing PZT layer sandwiched to a middle stainless steel
layer. A PEF can both apply a force and detect the corresponding displacement in one single device by
simple electrical means. Applying an electric field to the driving PZT layer causes the PEF to bend which
in turn causes a measurable induced voltage across the sensing PZT layer that is proportional to the
deflection of the PEF’s tip. Earlier studies have demonstrated that with the appropriate tip geometry,
a PEF could accurately measure the elastic modulus of a soft tissue. Using one single PEF, it was shown
that one could detect the elasticity contrast between a tumor and normal breast tissue to map out
tumor location in 2 dimensions. In this study, we have further investigated empirically probing the size
and location of a tumor in all three dimensions using an array of at least three PEFs of different widths.
A model breast tissue containing a suspended tumor was constructed of gelatin with a nested modeling
clay inclusion. Such studies will lead to accurate 3-D sizing and location of breast tumors that can help
guide surgeries and biopsies.
Mineralized, Crosslinked Chitosan Fibers as a Potential for Bone Substitute
P-BIO-149
MICHAEL FROHBERGH
Anat Katsir, Peter Lelkes, Ulrike Wegst
Chitosan is a promising biomaterial for many tissue substitutes because of its biocompatibility and
versatility. Here, we demonstrate that electrospun chitosan fibers can successfully be crosslinked with
genipin, a non-toxic chemical crosslinker, in order to modify the mechanical properties and mimic the
elastic properties of different types of tissues, including bone. We hypothesize that mineralizing genipin
crosslinked’chitosan scaffolds with calcium triphosphate will mimic the natural extracellular matrix
(ECM) of bone, facilitating human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts. For our initial
studies, we evaluated the mechanical properties of crosslinked chitosan scaffolds and in dependence of
genipin-concentration and the duration of crosslinking. These preliminary data show that crosslinking
of chitosan can significantly modify mechanical properties yielding a versatile biomaterial for tissue
substitution. Under our spinning conditions, electrospun chitosan fibers were fairly uniform in size,
with diameters ranging between 200 nm and 300 nm, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The
porous fiber network will allow for appropriate cell migration and adequate nutrient flow into the
scaffold.
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Novel System for The Assessment of Neurorobotic Control After Spinal
Cord Injury In The Rat
P-BIO-150
DAVID MASCERI
Advances in medical technology for young patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have improved their
life expectancy to near normal levels. At the same time, therapies to repair the spinal cord have not
translated to clinical efficacy. As a consequence, these patients are left with a lifetime of limited
mobility and autonomy. However, neurorobotic control systems have demonstrated in adults with
spinal cord injury that the brain, normally devoted to controlling a limb, is active and plastic enough
to be able to control a cursor on a computer screen (Hochberg et al 2006), indicating it is applicable
to the injured central nervous systems of humans. The patient in this study was able to perform a
variety of computer-cursor control tasks via activity in his motor cortex by imagining limb movements.
However, this work was disappointing in that the limit of the patient’s improvement in function
was the movement of a cursor on a computer screen. Clearly for young patients who have long life
expectancies moving a cursor on a computer screen is not an ideal outcome. Therefore, we used a rat
model of SCI to assess the ability of neurorobotic control to restore movement of the hindlimb.
To accomplish this, rats are trained using operant conditioning to perform a skilled hindlimb movement
task in response to an auditory cue or tone. The simplest task the animals learn is to depress a floormounted pedal a specified distance with their hindlimb in response to the tone. After learning the
task, animals are implanted chronically with arrays of microwire electrodes, and the spike activity of
populations of single neurons is recorded while the animals perform the task. Simultaneous acquisition
of neural and behavioral data is necessary to understand the relationship between neural population
activity and behavior in order that neurorobotic control can be performed. As a first approximation a
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC; Allen-Bradley, Inc) was used to control and monitor task timing
and reward delivery, as well as to impose a threshold requirement on the amplitude of pedal deflection.
However the PLC was not capable of enacting complex stimulus protocols, real-time changes to cue
parameters (length and pitch of the tone), or automated cue presentation based on a random interpresentation interval. These functions are necessary in order to assess neurorobotic control after
SCI. Therefore, the goal of this project was to design a new interface for the tone presentation /
data acquisition system that would be flexible and extensible, and provide an intuitive graphical user
interface.
Based on these criteria, a system was designed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Inc.) running on
a custom-built computer with an AMD quad-core processor. The LabVIEW program interfaces with a
Multifunction Data Acquisition board (NI-DAQ USB-6008, National Instruments). The software is able
to control, deliver and monitor several different types of tones based on a user-defined schedule. A
presentation schedule that delivers the different types of tones by varying the duration and frequency
can be predefined or changed in real-time during the experiment based on user-defined criteria. The
animal’s response can be measured in terms of reaction time, amplitude of press, and duration of press.
Performance of the animal is based on a look-up table that translates the parameters of the cue to a
specified response the animal must achieve (specific reactions times, amplitude of press and duration of
press). Reward can then be automatically given to the rat if the performance meets the preset criteria.
The software also synchronizes cue delivery, the animal’s response, performance, and reward delivery
with the neural data acquisition equipment (Multichannel Acquisition Processor, Plexon, Inc.) for longterm storage of all of the data relating to the experiment. The type of auditory cue and reward can
also be controlled in real-time using either a graphical user interface or a joystick in order to shape the
animal’s behavior when the animal is learning the task. Finally, the metrics of the experiment including
parameters of the cue, rat behavior, neuronal activity, rat performance and reward is continuously
updated on a series of real-time displays during the experiment. This new system allows for the
assessment of neurorobotic control after SCI.
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Co-electrospun Blends of PLGA, Gelatin and Elastin As Non-Thrombogenic
Scaffolds for Vascular Grafts
P-BIO-151
JINGJIA HAN
Mengyan Li, Rosemary Bastian
In extending our previous work (J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 79:963-973), we evaluated the physical and
biological properties of co-electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), gelatin and elastin blend (PGE)
fibers by systematically varying the ratios of PLGA and gelatin. We hypothesized that suitable blends of
natural and synthetic polymers might yield a potentially non-thrombogenic scaffold for application in
small diameter vascular grafts. Consistent with our previous study, all of the resultant fibrous constructs
were stable in an aqueous environment without the need for chemical cross-linking. Of all the PGE
scaffolds tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tensile tests, PGE321 (PLGA,
gelatin, elastin v/v ratios of 3:2:1) has the smallest fiber size (317 ‘ 46 nm when dry, 446 ‘ 69 nm once
hydrated) and the highest Young’s modulus (770 ‘ 131 kPa) and tensile strength (130 ‘ 7 kPa). The
suitability of the composites as biological scaffolds was assessed in vitro by evaluating their interactions
with human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926, ECs) and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in terms
of cell morphology and cellular in-growth. Our data indicate that PGE blend fibers supported ECs and
SMCs attachment and proliferation with small variances in cell morphology and cytoskeletal spreading
for the different PGE compositions. In addition, our histology data demonstrated the unique ability of
PGE scaffolds to support EC monolayer formation while concomitantly fostering penetration of SMC
cells into the PGE scaffold. We are currently evaluating the distinct effects of polymer composition
and mechanical properties of PGE scaffolds on the differential expression of tissue factor (TF) mRNA
in confluent human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an indicator for the thrombogenicity of an
endothelium cultured on PGE in order to determine the optimal scaffold composition for use in vascular
tissue engineering.
Enhancing Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Towards Lung
Progenitor Cells for Lung Tissue Engineering
P-BIO-152
PIMCHANOK PIMTON
Anant Chopra, Rosemary Bastian, Nidhi Sheth, Anat Perets, Peter I. Lelkes
Several pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary hypoplasia in infants and emphysema in adults
lead to pulmonary alveoli dysfunction. Currently there are several cellular therapies conducted
which contribute to the repair and regeneration of the alveoli. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a
potential source for these cell-based therapies, however due to their limitations to differentiate into
endodermal lineage, there is limited availability. Our long term goal is to optimize cell sourcing for
clinical application in lung tissue engineering and pulmonary regenerative medicine. As a first step
toward this long term translation goal, we aim to achieve optimal differentiation of embryonic stem
cells towards lung endodermal progenitor lineage. We hypothesize that optimal differentiation can
be achieved by establishing protocols that are based on cues derived from developmental-biological
principles. We have previously seen that reduced oxygen tension, ECM cues as well as substrate stiffness
individually promote endodermal differentiation of ES-D3 cells. Therefore we aim to achieve an
optimal combination of the above developmental principles in order to obtain maximum endodermal
differentiation.
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Viricidal Properties of Titanium Dioxide-Treated Masks
BIO
P-BIO-153
WILLIAM PARENTE
Robert Ryan
Biology
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have a photocatalytic effect on biological
molecules, including viruses and bacteria, through the generation of free radicals in the presence of
UV light. Therefore, titanium dioxide has been incorporated into a protective mask as a potential
countermeasure against infectious agents, such as influenza virus. It has been proposed that the mask
material will trap biological agents and that these agents will be destroyed by the photocatalytic effects
of the titanium dioxide upon exposure to sunlight. To test this hypothesis, titanium dioxide-treated
and untreated control mask materials were exposed to a solution containing influenza A virus. The
masks were then exposed to UVA light (400 nm - 320 nm) for 0-30minutes. The presence of residual live
virus was then determined using a standard hemagglutination assay using Madin-Darby canine kidney
(MDCK) cells. The viricidal properties of the titanium dioxide-treated masks appear to be dependent
upon both activation with UV light and the duration of exposure.
Mechanical Microenvironment and Poisson Ratio-Induced Reorganization
of Cellular Cytoskeletal Architecture
P-BIO-154
ERDEM TABDANOV
Anant Chopra, Paul Janmey, Yasha J Kresh
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
Recent advances in the cytoskeletal mechanics and cell-adhesion research field are providing an
impetus for reexamining existing heart tissue development (morphogenesis) paradigms. This
mechanobiological perspective forms the basis for viewing the heart (tissue) as a mechanotransducing
anisotropic continuum, exhibiting constant mechanosensory-driven self-recurrent adjustment of
the cytoskeleton through a tight interplay between its force generation activity and concurrent
architecture (sarcomerogenesis / myofibrillogenesis). It is becoming increasingly clear that changes
in cardiac function accompanying tissue remodeling associated with heart failure and surgical (heart
reshaping) interventions are brought about by the disruption of the mechanotransduction continuum
(e.g., disorganized cells alignment and altered cell phenotype). The overarching hypothesis is that
these cascading events are initiated by cytoskeletal reorganization, mediated by both cell-cell and cellECM adhesion cell machinery signaling, i.e., damaged tissue cannot provide the requisite mechanical
microenvironment (e.g., anisotropic) dependent cues. Actin fiber polymerization and its turnover
rate are controlled by the stress induced mechanosensitivity of integrin and N-cadherins adhesion
receptors. A novel cell-based model system is used to examine the sarcomeric myofibrills development
with respect to the microenvernment mechanical stiffness and Poisson ratio-induced reorganization
of the cell architecture (myofibrils alignment). In particular, cell aspect ratio is controlled by culturing
neonatal cardiac myocytes on the elastic deformable substrates that are subjected to statically altered
uniaxial deformation (tensile or compressive). This imposed regime and resulting cell deformation is
compared in its effects on cytoskeleton reconfiguration with statically tensed cells. The self-generated
forces are involved in reconfiguring the cytoskeleton and thereby provide a ‘road-map’ and guidance
for the adhesion receptors-mediated mechanosensing. Importantly, the fact that myofibrils are formed
in accordance with preexisting topography of the actin stress-fibers, where the initiating organizational
event is localized to the moderately tensed regions of cell, can serve as the basis to test further the
hypothesis that the sarcomeric myofibrils are generally formed on relatively static actin stress fibers.
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Interventional Radiology Procedures Utilized for Gynecologic Patients
P-BIO-155
MADAI ORTIZ
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiology
We will review a number of interventional radiology procedures utilized for gynecologic patients.
Procedures include: uterine artery embolization (UAE) for fibroids, selective salpingography and
fallopian tube recanilization, imaged guided percutaneous pelvic abscess drainage, and percutaneous
nephrostomy and distal ureteric balloon occlusion in the setting of vesicovaginal fistula. Uterine fibroids
are present in 25% of all women and if multiple, frequently present with menometrorrhagia. Bilateral
UAE is successful in about 95% of cases. 40% of infertility cases are caused by factors involving the
fallopian tubes. Successful recanalization of at least one fallopian tube is achieved 80% of the time.
Subsequent intrauterine pregnancy rates average between 20-30%. The success rate for percutaneously
drained pelvic abscesses after gynecologic surgery has been shown to be high. Therefore, this procedure
has become the standard treatment. Percutaneous nephrostomy placement alone for treatment of a
vesicovaginal fistula is frequently insufficient to allow for fistula closure. In such cases, occlusion using
nephroureteral balloons may be required.
Populations of Cortical Infragranular Neurons Encode for Multiple
Dimensions of Movement During A Skilled Hindlimb Reaching Task
P-BIO-157
ROBERT FLINT
In the hope of restoring function to upper limbs following disease or damage to the nervous system,
the relationship between neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortex and movements of the forelimb
has been studied. This work suggests that the kinematics of forelimb movement can be decoded by
populations of neurons on a single trial and used to control an external device. Despite the fact that
a comparable number of patients suffer from loss of lower limb function, few attempts have been
made to decode the kinematics of hindlimb movement from the activity of cortical neurons. To address
this problem, six Long-Evans rats were trained to perform a skilled reaching task with their hindlimbs.
Animals were implanted bilaterally with arrays of microwires into layer V of the hindpaw sensorimotor
cortex. After surgery, animals resumed performance of the task while the activity of large populations
of single neurons was recorded. A total of 575 cells were recorded during repeated skilled hindlimb
movement during 13 recording sessions, constituting a total of 617 individual trials. 259 cells (45.0%)
significantly modulated their firing rate during the execution of the task. Further, this neuronal activity
was correlated with specific kinematic parameters of the task: 427 of the 575 cells (74.3%) were
significantly correlated with the animal’s reaction time, or with the speed, amplitude, or duration
of press. Population Functions, created with a standard method of Principal Component Analysis to
reduce dimensionality followed by Independent Component Analysis to identify the sources of greatest
covariance, were used to decode the magnitude of these kinematic parameters on a single trial. These
results indicate that neurons in the hindpaw representation of the rat sensorimotor cortex encode
for skilled reaching movements of the hindlimb during the execution of a single trial of the task. This
ability to decode the kinematics of movement could be used as part of a brain-machine interface device
to restore hindlimb movement in paraplegic patients. This work was support by NIH Grant NS24707, the
Drexel University Major Research Initiative in Neuroengineering and the Drexel University College of
Medicine Strategic Plan.
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Effects of Low Dose Methylphenidate on Rodent Performance in the
Attentional Set Shifting Task
P-BIO-158
RICHARD CHU
College of Medicine
The Wisconsin Card Sort Task (WCST) has been used in humans and non-human primates as a measure
of prefrontal cortical function and executive function. The attentional set shifting task, a rodent
adaptation of the WCST, has further implicated the prefrontal cortex in the mediation of executive
function (Birrell and Brown 2001). Furthermore, selective noradrenergic lesions and pharmacological
manipulations have shown that norepinephrine (NE) is critical to successful performance in the
attentional set shifting paradigm. The current study examines the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on
task performance. Low dose MPH has been shown to elevate extracelluar levels of NE by preferentially
inhibiting the re-uptake of NE (Kuczenski et al, 1995; Florin et al, 1994). Based on previous results, a
3.0 mg/kg oral dose of MPH in rats would be expected to produce a blood plasma level similar to that
seen in ADHD patients treated with MPH (8-40 ng/ml). In this experiment, adult Sprague-Dawley rats
were given an oral dose of either saline or MPH (3 mg/kg) and tested in the attentional set shifting
paradigm. Preliminary results suggest that low dose MPH treatment improves performance on selected
components of the task. Following MPH administration animals appear to acquire novel discriminations
more rapidly than saline controls. No significant group differences were observed on reversal learning.
These results are consistent with the expectation that psychostimulant-induced changes in extracellular
NE modify performance on the attentional set shifting task.
Injectable Polyurethane for Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
P-BIO-159
ANTHONY MUSEY
Vertebral hemangioma and metastases, as well as osteoporotic vertebral fractures are painful
conditions that can inhibit patient mobility in performing normal daily activities. Vertebroplasty
and kyphoplasty are surgical procedures that are used to treat individuals who suffer from vertebral
compression fractures. Both procedures involve the injection of bone cement into the compressed
vertebral body. The principal material used for these two procedures is poly (methyl methacrylate).
However, its fatigue, mechanical, and thermal properties are not ideal for mechanical stabilization
and associated pain relief. Polyurethane (PU) is being investigated as a potential material for this
application, due to its biocompatibility and its ability to be modified to exhibit desired mechanical
properties by varying the hard to soft segment ratios. In this study we have systematically manipulated
the chemistry of PU with the goal of controlling material modulus while keeping viscosity in a
range that would enable injectability of the material to restore mechanical strength to fractured or
compressed vertebrae. The effect of varying PU hard and soft segment ratios on modulus and melting
temperature were investigated. The incorporation of a catalyst was also examined for its effect on
PU injectability. This study observes how different formulations of PU affect the material properties.
The highest modulus resulted from eliminating the PHEC completely and only using PTMO as the
soft segment. As the amount of PHEC was increased, it resulted in a lower compressive modulus for
the sample. In future studies the hard to soft segment ratios will be further varied to optimize the
mechanical properties of the system, while maintaining a viscosity that allows injection through the 18
gage needle required for this application.
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Behavioral Training Following Spinal Cord Injury Promotes
Cortical Reorganization
P-BIO-160
ERIC KNUDSEN
Robert Flint, Tina Kao, Jed Shumsky
Recent efforts in the field of brain machine interfaces, specifically for neuroprosthetic devices, have
generated a significant interest in the physiologic changes which occur within the brain following
traumatic injury to the spinal cord. In animals with complete experimental spinal cord transection,
the regions of the sensorimotor cortex devoted to areas of the body caudal to the injury site undergo
varying levels of reorganization, proportional to relative amounts of pharmacological and behavioral
intervention post-SCI. Without any intervention, we have shown that the hindlimb areas of the
SMC become ‘silent;’ electrophysiological recordings yield few tactile-responsive cells. Conversely, in
animals receiving therapy in the form of active treadmill and passive bicycle exercise, coupled with a
serotonergic agonsist quipazine maleate, electrophysiological recordings reveal a significant increase
in hindlimb cortical cells responding to tactile stimulation given in areas rostral to the injury site. These
findings suggest that increased physical activity promotes behaviorally relevant cortical reorganization.
To account for these results, we have additionally investigated the possible role of neurotrophic factor
BDNF, which promotes axonal growth and dendritic sprouting. We have found that BDNF is, in fact,
upregulated in animals receiving physical training, thus providing us one mechanism by which this
cortical plasticity can occur. This topic is of extreme interest in brain machine interfaces, whose chief
clinical application is providing some sort of prosthetic control to spinal cord injury patients or those
with limited mobility following central nervous system trauma.
Chronic Serotonin-1A-Receptor Agonist Administration In Female
Marmoset Monkeys: Impact On Serotonergic-Specific Locomotion
and Neuroendocrine Systems
P-Bio-161
JASON LANGE
Other
Other
Locomotion, prolactin (PRL) release and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are partly
controlled by serotonin (5-HT) neuronal function. To examine whether chronic administration of the
5-HT-1A agonist R-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) affects these parameters
in female marmoset monkeys, 8 adult females received daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 0.1
mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT or saline (SAL) for 10 weeks (wk) in a cross-over design, while their estradiol
levels were controlled by s.c. estradiol (or empty) capsule implants following ovariectomy. Plasma
PRL, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT) levels were determined (1) between
08:45h-09:15h for resting levels, (2) before and 15, 30 and 180 min after a 30-min restraint stress test
at 12:00h-13:30h, and (3) at 0, 15 and 180 min following a neuroendocrine challenge test of 0.1 mg/kg
8-OH-DPAT or SAL given s.c. at 12:00h-13:00h. Both manipulations were administered during wk 8-10
of chronic treatment. Serotonin-specific locomotor behavior was observed only following 8-OH-DPAT
injection. Resting plasma PRL and CORT levels were unaffected by chronic 8-OH-DPAT, while estradiol
replacement increased plasma PRL levels regardless of 8-OH-DPAT or SAL treatment. Injection of 8-OHDPAT elevated plasma ACTH after 15min, and plasma ACTH and CORT, but not PRL, after 3h compared
to SAL, in both chronic treatment phases. Restraint stress elevated plasma ACTH and CORT after 15-30
min of restraint in chronic 8-OH-DPAT and SAL treated animals, but the ACTH elevation was greater in
8-OH-DPAT treated monkeys at 15-30 min, while plasma CORT, but not ACTH, remained elevated 3h
after stress termination in 8-OH-DPAT compared to SAL treated monkeys. Taken together, our results
80
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suggest specific behavioral and HPA axis activation in female marmosets induced by chronic and acute
8-OH-DPAT administration, including exaggerated HPA axis responses to stressful stimuli.
Synthesis of Water Soluble Znse Quantum Dots for Biomedical Imaging
P-BIO-162
ANKUR NAGPAL
The goal of my research was to synthesize water soluble Zinc Selenide Quantum Dots(ZnSe QDs) for
Biomedical Imaging. Quantum Dots are Nano-sized Semi-conductors that exhibit photoluminescence.
Through the effect of UV excitation, Quantum Dots are able to emit light of longer wavelength. This
is caused by the UV energy making the electrons in the crystal to jump to the conduction band but
then return to either the valence or defect states within the band gap releasing the gained energy in
the form of light. Zinc Selenide QDs are comprised of Zn and Se, both of which are essential elements
to the human body. The problems with these Quantum Dots are that after a small allocation of time,
these dots lose their luminescence. My objective was to find the proper proportions and conditions in
which to synthesize the Zinc Selenide Quantum Dots which would allow the Dots to be stable and to
not be harmful to the body. By varying the ratio of Zinc and Selenium added to the solution and the
rate at which it was mixed allowed us to find Quantum Dots that are effective for over a week. With
further testing and research, we will begin Cellular Toxicity Tests to determine the toxicity of ZnSe to
endothelial cells.
The Conservation Status of Duikers On Bioko Island,
P-BIO-163
MARGARET M. CUNNINGHAM
Reginaldo Aguilar Biacho, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
Although Bioko Island’s seven species of monkeys have been the focus of recent conservation
concern, including a Presidential Decree banning primate hunting throughout Equatorial Guinea,
other populations of forest mammals of similar size, especially the two duiker species, the Ogilby’s
duiker, Cephalophus ogilbyi ogilbyi, and the blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola melanopheus, are
also increasingly impacted by commercial hunting. A partnership between la Universidad Nacional de
Guinea Ecuatorial (UNGE) and Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program (Drexel University, Philadelphia
USA) has resulted in a long term study of the status of wildlife in forests and bushmeat markets on
Bioko Island. A twelve year record of carcasses (126,000 of all species) for sale in the robust bushmeat
market in the capital city of Malabo reveals that the blue duiker ranks as the most frequent of all
species (37,580 carcasses), which is more than the total of all monkeys, while the Ogilby’s duiker is less
common (6,470 carcasses). Forest census throughout the island shows that the blue duiker remains
widespread while Ogilby’s duiker is limited to remote protected areas. Overall, the number of carcasses
sold in the market has increased, including totals for both duiker species, while the number of
monkeys recorded in the market has decreased, suggesting that the ban on primate hunting may have
encouraged an increase in duiker hunting.
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Osteoblasts Modulate Ca2+ Signaling In Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells
with Bone-Metastatic Potential
P-BIO-164
JULIA D’AMBROSIO
College of Medicine
Prostate and breast cancers display a predilection for the skeleton when they metastasize. The high
incidence of skeletal metastasis may be a reflection of reciprocal interactions between the bone
microenvironment and disseminated cancer cells. Here we show that bone-metastatic cells co-cultured
with normal human osteoblasts, display a remarkable increase in the small fraction of cells which
constitutively and cyclically respond to agonist stimulation with a reduced elevation of cytosolic free
calcium (Ca2+). Most importantly, cancer cells lacking bone-metastatic potential responded to agonists
with uniform high Ca2+ increases and were not affected by osteoblasts. The reduced Ca2+ responses
observed in bone-metastatic cells did not result from impaired intracellular Ca2+ stores but rather
diminished entry of extracellular Ca2+. Interestingly, the inhibition of histone deacetylase in cancer
cells replicated the changes in Ca2+ signaling observed in co-cultures, suggesting the participation
of epigenetic mechanisms in the osteoblast-induced effects. Finally, cancer cells recovered from
experimental skeletal metastases induced in mice showed agonist-induced Ca2+ responses identical to
cells co-cultured with osteoblasts. However, cancer cells disseminated to soft-tissues did not, further
emphasizing the involvement of the bone tissue microenvironment in the phenomenon. The osteoblastmediated down-regulation of Ca2+ entry could protect selected malignant phenotypes from cell death
caused by excessive increases in cytosolic Ca2+, thus conferring bone-tropism and facilitating their
progression into macroscopic skeletal metastases.
Conservation Status of Monkeys On Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, One
Year After A Presidential Decree Banning The Hunting of Primates
P-BIO-165
DREW T. CRONIN
Catherine Harlan, Wayne A. Morra, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
The seven monkey species of Bioko Island are being sold and consumed as commercial bushmeat
through the illegal practice of shotgun hunting in Bioko’s two protected areas. During the 11 years
since October 1997, 126,000 bushmeat carcasses for sale in the Malabo market have been recorded
through a partnership between la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial and the Bioko Biodiversity
Protection Program (Drexel University). The evidence collected indicates that, as a result of rising prices
for bushmeat, shotgun hunting has intensified, reducing primate numbers in easily accessed areas to
a level that increasingly forces hunters to go farther afield to find monkeys to hunt; the Gran Caldera
& Southern Highlands Scientific Reserve, once a haven for threatened fauna, now appears to be a
main source of bushmeat coming to market. The government of Equatorial Guinea signed into law
a Presidential Decree on October 27th, 2007, which banned the hunting, sale, and consumption of
primates, punishable by prohibitive fines. However, despite initial results, in which primate hunting
nearly ceased, this legislation has done little to stem the tide of unsustainable hunting, with increasing
numbers of primates in the market and the apparent development of a clandestine market for their
sale. These results indicate that without enforcement, the hunting ban alone will not be enough to stop
the illegal shotgun hunting of monkeys.
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Conservation Status of Monkeys In The Gran Caldera De Luba, Bioko
Island, Equatorial Guinea
P-BIO-166
JACOB R. OWENS
Kruti Patel, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, has 11 species of primates, including seven monkey species (drill,
red colobus, black colobus, Preussi’s guenon, putty-nose guenon, crowned guenon, and red-eared
guenon) that are hunted for bushmeat throughout the island, including nominally protected areas. The
primate community within the Gran Caldera de Luba (which is part of the 450 km2 Southern Highlands
and Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve), has been surveyed each year since 1996 as part of an academic
partnership between the National University of Equatorial Guinea and the Bioko Biodiversity Protection
Program (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA). Although an October 2007 presidential decree banning
the hunting of monkeys resulted in a decline of monkey carcasses in the Malabo bushmeat market,
the most recent Gran Caldera survey indicates a continuing decline in monkey group encounter rates,
especially for drills, red colobus and black colobus, the three largest species.
Regulation of Bladder Smooth Muscle Contraction: Role of Protein Kinase C
and Rho Kinase
P-BIO-167
TANCHUN WANG
DEREK M. KENDIG
College of Medicine
The prevalence of bladder smooth muscle (BSM) dependent diseases such as benign prostatic
hyperplasia and overactive bladder has significantly increased with longer life expectancies. Because
little is known about the normal regulation of BSM it has been difficult to develop therapeutic
interventions for disease states. Our work was designed to provide detailed mechanistic understanding
of BSM regulation. Agonist activation of BSM initiates contraction by phosphorylation of the regulatory
myosin light chain (MLC). Agonist activation also modulates contraction by inhibition of the MLC
phosphatase (MLCP) resulting in a net increase in MLC phosphorylation and force. Using a combination
of isometric force recording, 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and immunoblotting, we determined the
signal transduction pathways involved in the development of force in response to muscarinic activation.
Results obtained using carbachol (non-hydrolysable analog of acetylcholine), phorbol dibutyrate
(activator of PKC), H-1152 (inhibitor of ROCK), and Bis-1 (inhibitor of PKC) provided evidence to
suggest that muscarinic activation produced the following: 1. Inhibition of either PKC or ROCK reduced
carbachol induced force; 2. Inhibition of MLCP activity by ROCK catalyzed myosin phosphatase targeting
subunit (MYPT) phosphorylation at Thr850 but not Thr696; 3: Inhibition of MLCP activity by PKC and
ROCK catalyzed CPI-17 phosphorylation at Thr38; and 4. Inhibition of ROCK inhibits PKC activity.
Moreover, our studies showed the presence of a constitutively active ROCK that was important in the
regulation of basal smooth muscle tone. These findings provide distinct steps in a complex signaling
pathway for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for bladder disease.
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Designing A Woven/Knitted Composite Cardiac Patch with An Electrospun
Nanofiber Layer To Assist Cardiac Functioning and Regeneration
P-BIO-168
GOZDE SENEL
David Brookstein, Sc.D.
Cardiovascular diseases, specifically myocardial infarction and end-stage heart failure are some of the
major problems that threaten human life. Prominent amongst the life-saving solutions, which seek to
support and repair a failing heart, are engineering approaches, such as cardiac patches and cardiac
assist devices. Artificial cardiac assist devices can mechanically unload and support the ailing heart,
whereas tissue’engineered cardiac patches are designed to recover cardiac function and regenerate
heart tissue. Here we present a novel approach for a bioactive cardiac patch, which is based on a
combination of biomedical textile manufacturing techniques in concert with tissue-engineering and
drug delivery stratagems. This biomedical textile-based cardiac patch will concomitantly provide
mechanical support, electrical stimulation and facilitate cardiac regeneration. For this, we propose
to electrospin conducting polymeric nanofibers onto a woven microfibrous elastomeric textile. We
hypothesize that this composite nano-microfibrous fabric will emulate the mechanical properties of
the heart, ascertain adequate electrical stimulation and, through a lace of template-based nanofibers,
provide an appropriate interface for accommodating cellular interactions. Specifically, we propose to
incorporate a layer of autologous, adipose-derived stem cells as a personalized source of growth and
survival factors that are required for regenerating cardiac tissue and restoring cardiac function. We
anticipate that composite cardiac scaffold will serve as a first paradigm for promoting the regeneration
of diverse diseased soft and hard tissues, such lung and kidney but also cartilage and bone. The use of
textile manufacturing strategies in tissue engineering applications will enhance the complexity of 3-D
scaffold structures and also enable their commercialization.
Differential G-Protein Coupling At Kappa-Opioid (Kopr) Subtypes In The
Nucleus Accumbens (Nac) and The Parabrachial Nucleus (Pbn)
P-BIO-169
NAYLA CHAIJALE
Vincent Aloyo, Ph.D., Kenny Simansky, Ph.D.
College of Medicine
The opioid system is considered an endogenous regulator of food intake. KOPR agonists have variable
effects on feeding at different brain regions. Two relevant sites are the PBN and the NAC (Mansour et
al,1993;Leventhal et al,1995;Ward&Simansky,2006;Woolley et al,2007). As the basis for future studies
of feeding, we used autoradiography to measure agonist-stimulated incorporation of [35S]-GTP?S to
compare the in vitro coupling of kappa-1 (k-1) and kappa-2 (k-2) receptor subtypes in PBN and NAC.
In rat brain sections (n=4), the k-1 agonists U50488 and U69593 (1’M) stimulated coupling to 51’14%
and 47’16% above basal, respectively in the lateral PBN. Conversely, the k-2 agonist GR89696 (1’M) only
stimulated coupling in NAC shell (52’16%) and core (47’15%). U50488 stimulated in the shell (35’9%).
Basal values were 145’11,134’6 and 123’4 fmol/g, for PBN, NAC shell and core, respectively. These results
suggest the presence of functional k-2 receptors in the NAC but k-1 receptors in the PBN. Future studies
will contrast the role of each subtype in opioid mediated feeding in PBN and NAC. Supported by USPHS
Grant DK067648, NIDDK to KJS.
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P-BIO-170
DANNIELLE SOLOMON FIGUEROA
A principal concern in diabetes is the increased risk of vascular disease associated with unregulated
blood glucose. A high glucose environment promotes basement membrane (BM) protein glycation
and enhanced cross-linking, which can increase stiffness and may alter endothelial cell response to
strain. While many cell-stretching studies focused on endothelial cell morphological response to
strain on varied extracellular matrix proteins, the effect of spatial distribution and altered matrix
protein biochemistry (eg. glycation) remain to be explored. To better understand the endothelial
cell mechanical response in a high glucose environment, we designed a mechanical cell-stretching
device to apply cyclic strain to cells seeded on an elastic membrane. Furthermore, we coupled this
mechanical testing device with microcontact printing (‘CP) to precisely control BM spatial resolution and
composition. The cell-stretching device applies linear strain to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes.
The surface of PDMS membrane is hydrophobic, however we applied ‘CP techniques to pattern 100
‘g/ml collagen (native and glycated) onto the PDMS membranes which increased the hydrophilic
properties and promoted cell attachment. After patterning, porcine aortic endothelial cells were seeded
onto printed PDMS surfaces at 10,000 cells/cm2 in media supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, 1%
penicillin-streptomycin and 1% glutamine. Cells were allowed to attach to the membranes for 48 hours,
then samples were washed 3X to remove unattached cells. The cell-PDMS samples were stretched for up
to 12 hours, imaged, and analyzed for changes in cell morphology. The designed cell stretching device
now allows us to quantify anchorage dependent cell response to mechanical stimuli in a controlled in
vitro environment. Coupling this device with ‘CP creates a dynamic system capable of controlling the
spatial resolution of BM proteins. We will use this system to investigate how hyperglycemia affects
endothelial mechanics, with a focus on the effect of BM changes.
Reliability of Trunk Postural Control Parameters In Unstable Sitting
P-BIO-171
ALI EL-KERDI
College of Nursing and Health Professions
Rehabilitation Sciences
Purpose/Hypothesis: Reliable measurements of trunk postural control are crucial not only for identifying
the role of poor trunk control in patients with low back pain (LBP) and extremity injuries, but also in
determining the efficacy of core stabilization interventions widely used in clinical practice. The purpose
of this pilot study was to begin to document test-retest reliability of trunk postural stability parameters
obtained during volitional control of seated balance on an unstable surface. We hypothesized that
center of pressure (CP) parameters would have adequate test-retest reliability in this testing paradigm.
Number of Subjects : 8 subjects (3 LBP, 5 healthy with no LBP history) were tested. Mean age 26 ‘ 5.7
years, height 175 ‘ 14 cm, and weight 75 ‘ 13 kg.
Materials/Methods: Trunk postural control was tested while seated on an unstable surface. The testing
apparatus was designed to isolate trunk control by minimizing the contribution of the lower extremity.
Subjects sat on a seat with an adjustable foot rest allowing positioning of the subjects at 90 degrees
of hip and knee flexion. The seat was constructed with a 44 cm diameter hemisphere at the bottom
to create an unstable surface there by requiring active trunk control to maintain an upright seated
posture. The seat was placed on a force plate at the edge of a raised platform. For the test, the subjects
were instructed to cross their arms over their chest and maintain their balance. One practice trial (30sec) with eyes open (EO) was permitted prior to recording 3 consecutive 60-second trials. The same
protocol was then completed with eyes closed (EC). Re-test was performed with 48 hours under the
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A Cell Stretching System To Measure Endothelial Cell Cyclic Strain Response
On Spatially Defined Basement Membrane
BIO
same conditions. CP coordinates were calculated from force plate data that was low pass filtered (10Hz,
4th order zero-lag Butterworth). CP trajectories were quantified as maximal (MAX) and root mean
square (RMS) displacements in the lateral (x) and anterior-posterior (y) directions, and path length
(PATH) traveled per second. Trials were averaged and measures of reliability calculated: ICC (2, k),
standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC ‘ 95% CI). Results : All but
2 of the measurements (RMS y and MAXy EO ) showed good to excellent test-retest reliability with ICCs
ranging from .34 to .99. The SEMs ranged from .1 to 7.3 mm and the MDC(95) scores ranged from to .6
to 20.3 mm.
Conclusions: In this testing paradigm, CP trajectories appear to reliably measure volitional trunk
postural control. The SEM and MDC(95) scores from this pilot study imply that measurement error is
small and that these postural control parameters should be further investigated in a patient population
for reliability and responsiveness.
Clinical Relevance: This may be a viable method for assessing seated postural control in patients with
LBP and may be useful in monitoring progress with treatment. KEYWORDS: Postural control, Low back
pain, Reliability.
Is Malate: Quinone Oxidoreductase An Essential Mitochondrial
Dehydrogenase In Blood Stage Malaria Parasites?
P-BIO-172
SURESH M. GANESAN
College of Medicine
Apicomplexan parasites contain unusual mitochondria that appear to be ‘relicts-in-the making’.
Although the mitochondrial functions are limited, the mitochondrion remains essential for the survival
of these parasites. Hence, mitochondria in the blood stages of malaria parasites are a validated target
for antimalarial drugs such as, atovaquone, which inhibits complex III of the mitochondrial electron
transport chain (mtETC). There are five dehydrogenases that are likely to supply electrons to the mtETC:
malate:quinone oxidoreductase (MQO), succinate dehydrogenase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
(DHODH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase.
Experiments from our laboratory have shown that the critical function of the mtETC in the erythrocytic
stages of P. falciparum is to regenerate the oxidative co-substrate (ubiquinone) of DHODH, an essential
enzyme required for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines (Painter et al., Nature 446:88-91, 2007).
yDHODH-transgenic parasites, expressing a fumarate-dependent DHODH, are independent of the
mtETC, implying that other ubiquinone-dependent dehydrogenases are not essential in erythrocytic
stages of P. falciparum. The current study was aimed to characterize the functions of MQO, a membrane
protein found in bacteria and apicomplexan parasites, but not in other eukaryotic cells. This enzyme
converts malate to oxaloacetate and donates electrons from this reaction to ubiquinone. The protein
was shown to be localized to the mitochondrion by tagging the MQO gene with a 3xHA tag. The
gene knock-out experiments in wild type as well as mtETC-independent parasites are being examined
to assess whether MQO is an essential protein for malaria parasites. Studies have been initiated to
knockout the gene in P. berghei to assess its role in vivo and also to study the ability of this protein to
complement MQO-deficient bacteria.
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Identification of Binding Interactions Between Myeloperoxidase and Its
Antibody Using Surface Enhanched Raman Spectroscopy
P-BIO-173
DAVID R. HANSBERRY
Chirag Patel, Dr. Sundar Babu
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a widely used spectroscopic method that can
significantly increase the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and has demonstrated significant benefit
in the identification of biological molecules. We report the use of SERS to differentiate native
myeloperoxidase (MPO) and a MPO polyclonal antibody (pAb) from the bound immunocomplex
of MPO/pAb. The SERS signal was enabled by gold nanoparticles attached to MPO, pAb and their
immunocomplex using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The SERS spectrum of MPO resulted in
a signal with strong peaks in the 1356-1379cm-1 and 1548-1615cm-1 regions, which is in agreement
with previous literature on the Raman spectrum of MPO. Comparative SERS spectrum analysis of MPO,
pAb, and their immunocomplex provides insight to the significant peak shifts and intensity variations
brought on by the conformational changes due to the formation of their immunocomplex. Several key
areas have been identified and indicate specific amino acids being shielded from undergoing resonance
while new amino acids residues are made visible in the immunocomplex SERS spectrum and may be
a result of conformational binding. Our work demonstrates the capability of SERS to identify binding
events and differentiate an immunocomplex from unbound compounds with direct applications in
biosensing.
Construction of a Reporter Strain of Synechococcus elongatus for Studying
the Promoter Activity of the Gene lrrA
P-BIO-174
SONDRA A. SCHREIBMAN
Biology
Synechococcus elongatus is an industrially and environmentally important freshwater cyanobacteria.
Close relatives of S. elongatus are currently being used in fuel production, carbon sequestration and
water monitoring projects, making genetic studies of this organism widely applicable. After the
complete genome was sequenced, the lrrA and orfG genes were discovered in S. elongatus, but their
function is still largely unknown. Based on sequence homology with characterized proteins, the lrrA
gene in S. elongatus is hypothesized to encode a putative transcriptional regulator belonging to
the LTTR protein family. Bioluminescence reporter plasmids were constructed in order to study the
regulation of the gene lrrA in vivo. Three putative promoters of lrrA were linked to genes that encode
luciferase (luxAB), an enzyme that produces bioluminescence in the presence of a long-chain aldehyde
substrate. The PlrrA::luxAB constructs, along with spectinomycin resistance markers, and a gene
encoding the luciferase substrate (luxCDE) coupled with a chloramphenicol resistance marker were
integrated into the chromosome of S. elongatus. Putative promoters that do not produce significantly
more bioluminescence than a basal control will be considered incomplete. S. elongatus tends to exhibit
altered patterns of transcription of many genes in response to changes in light intensity and nutrient
availability, and previous studies have indicated that orfG expression may be linked to population
density. Reporter strain(s) with a complete promoter will therefore be used to study the effect of light,
nitrogen availability and cell density on the expression of lrrA.
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Resource Overlap and Potential Competition Between Invasive Red-Eared
Slider Turtles and Native Red-Bellied Turtles In Pennsylvania
P-BIO-175
STEVEN PEARSON
Biology
Invasive species have affected populations and communities worldwide through predation and
competition for limited resources. Globally, the invasive red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta
elegans) may compete with native turtles for limited food and spatial resources in wetlands throughout
their introduced range. In the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, the threatened red-bellied
turtle (Pseudemys rubriventris) has undergone population declines where red-eared slider turtles have
been introduced. Our research quantifies the extent of overlap for spatial and nutritional resources
between sympatric red-eared slider turtles and red-bellied turtles in Pennsylvania. We are using radio
telemetry to quantify spatial and temporal overlap of habitat use by free-ranging individuals of both
turtle species. Diets of both species are being quantified using stomach flushing and stable isotope
analysis. Radio tracking data suggests extensive overlap of habitat use by both species. Stomach
flushing and stable isotope data show that diets of red-eared slider turtles overlap extensively with
those of red-bellied turtles in smaller, anthropogenically altered wetlands. In larger, less altered
wetlands, red-eared slider and red-bellied turtles have no overlap in diets. Our research shows that
wetland characteristics may play a key role in determining the extent of competition between invasive
red-eared slider turtles and declining red-bellied turtles. These findings have fundamentally important
implications to conservation and management of declining turtles world-wide. Declining turtle
populations must now adapt to reductions in available resources alongside anthropogenic stresses. A
species ability to adapt will determine their continued survival; the outcome for populations that fail to
successfully adapt is quite grim.
Characterization of Small Bowel Anastomotic Strength In The Rodent (Rat)
Model Using Biomechanical Testing
P-BIO-176
KIMBERLY A. WASKO
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
Introduction: The utilization of a biodegradable surgical staple with incorporated wound healing
agents will improve the speed, accuracy, and effectiveness of anastomotic and recannalization surgical
procedures. Currently, the standard protocol is to hand-sew these structures which is technically
challenging, extremely time consuming, and may lead to life threatening complications if the surgical
site fails. Objective: The primary goal was to assess the strength of a sutured small bowel anastomosis,
specifically the longitudinal force strength. We sought to determine which time point would prove
most beneficial for the application of the ‘Drug Eluding Surgical Staple’ in-vivo. Methods: In the IACUC
approved study: ‘Development of the Drug Delivery Surgical Stapler’, twenty-six rodents (SpragueDawley rat) underwent a hand-sewn single or double anastomotic survival surgical procedure. Rodents
were sacrificed at eleven graded reduction time points (28, 14, 12, 10, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 days).
During harvest, the control and surgical sites were removed for biomechanical testing using an Instron
instrument system with a tension application module to obtain a stress-strain curve. Results: The earliest
time points, Days 1, 2, and 3 yielded results that indicated minimal healing strength at the surgical site
during biomechanical testing. On Day 4, the longitudinal force strength increased indicating intrinsic
wound healing had begun. Specimens obtained from the latter time points, Days 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14,
and 28 revealed an abundance of scar tissue at the surgical site, which caused the biomechanical testing
to fail at a site away from the anastomosis. The range of Young’s moduli is 0.5 KPa to 14.13 KPa for
Days 3 to 5. Conclusion: In twenty-six surgeries to date, the baseline strength of the anastomotic site
88
fNIR Study of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Eyes-Open
and Eyes-Closed Conditions
P-BIO-177
ANNA C. MERZAGORA
Hasan Ayaz, Meltem Izzetoglu, Banu Onaral, Patricia A. Shewokis
The study of brain activity during a resting state and on the neural structures involved in it (the ‘default
network’) has gained increasing interest in the last few years. Several functional neuroimaging studies
have associated the activity of the prefrontal cortex with stimulus-independent thoughts. In this
study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) is used for the first time to study the differences
in hemodynamic activation of the prefrontal cortex between eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC)
conditions. fNIR is an emerging functional neuroimaging modality that provides information about the
changes in hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex.
fNIR signals were collected from seven healthy subjects (age : 32.3±12.1 years). Participants were asked
to sit quietly with their eyes open for 5 minutes and with their eyes closed for 5 additional minutes.
fNIR signals were collected at two different wavelengths from a 16-channels probe placed on the
forehead. Changes in the oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration were calculated through the modified
Beer Lambert law using the first 10 seconds period as baseline. In order to assess the effects of the
resting condition (EC vs. EO) for HbO2, paired samples t-tests were performed on the average of all
channels probing the left side of the prefrontal cortex (channels 1-8) and on the average of all channels
probing the right side of the prefrontal cortex (channels 9-16). Additional paired samples t-tests were
performed separately for each of the 16 channels. We used a significance criterion of p <0.05 for all
tests.
The paired samples t-tests showed a lateralization in the effects of the resting condition: a significant
difference exists only for the left prefrontal cortex (t= 3.785; df=5; p=0.013) but not for the right
prefrontal cortex (t=2.000; df=5; p=0.102). The statistical analysis of the single channels revealed that
HbO2 for one channel, located on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, was significantly different in
the two resting conditions (t=2.880; df=5; p=0.035). In particular, HbO2 was higher in the EO condition
(0.122±0.392 mM) compared to the EC condition (-0.345±0.204 mM).
The results of this study suggest that fNIR is able to detect differences in the activation patterns of the
prefrontal cortex in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions and can be used to study the brain activity in
resting states. Additionally, the different hemodynamic activation between eyes-open and eyes-closed
suggests that different components of the ‘default network’ are involved in the two conditions.
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was determined amongst the eleven time points, proving Day 4 to be the optimal time point for the
evaluation of the biodegradable surgical staple in our in-vivo model. Further analysis of the remaining
time points will confirm these results.
BIO
Induction of Apoptosis by Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of
Melanoma Cancer Cells
T-BIO-1
SAMEER KALGHATGI
Rachel Sensenig, Ekaterina Cerchar, Krishna Priya Arjunan, Gregory Fridman, Behzad Torabi, Erica Podolsky, Alexey
Shereshevsky, Alexander Fridman, Jane Clifford-Azizkhan, Ari Brooks, Gary Friedman
Non-thermal atmospheric plasma discharge (Plasma) may provide a novel approach to induction of
apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic effects of non-thermal plasma on
melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were treated with increasing levels of plasma by altering dose rate
and evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion test, TUNEL’ analysis, and Annexin-PI staining to determine
viability and apoptotic activity. Trypan blue testing revealed that plasma treatment at low power for up
to 15 seconds (1.5 J/cm2) did not significantly increase the number of dead cells immediately following
treatment (time zero); however, at higher doses, the percent dead cells increased linearly with dose
of plasma. TUNEL analysis of cells treated for 15 seconds at high power (15 J/cm2) demonstrated
an increase in apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours post-treatment (p < 0.05). Annexin staining revealed a
significant increase in apoptosis in plasma-treated cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment (p <
0.05). Caspase-3 cleavage was observed at 48 hours post plasma treatment at a dose of 15 seconds (15
J/cm^2). Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, significantly decreased
apoptosis in plasma-treated cells. Plasma treatment induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through a
pathway that appears to be dependent on production of reactive oxygen species by plasma in fluid.
ROS penetrate the cells and induce high levels of DNA damage resulting in the induction of apoptosis.
Plasma may be a useful tool to induce directed cell death without inducing necrosis and inflammation.
Mechanisms of Interaction of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric
Barrier Discharge Plasma with Mammalian Cells
T-BIO-2
SAMEER KALGHATGI
Crystal Kally, Ekaterina Cerchar, Alexander Fridman, Jane Clifford-Azizkhan, Gary Friedman, John Alamia
Non-thermal plasma is now being widely considered for various medical applications, e.g. cancer
treatment, coagulation, wound healing, and tissue sterilization. However, understanding of the
interaction between non-thermal plasma and cells is lacking. Here we have investigated the possibility
that effects of the plasma treatment can penetrate though cellular membranes without destroying
them. One of the most significant of such effects could be DNA damage, particularly double strand
breaks (DSBs), since these are the most threatening to cell survival. We measured DNA DSBs in
mammalian cells using immunofluorescence and western blots to detect phosphorylation of the histone
variant H2AX (gamma-H2AX), which is a marker of DNA DSBs. Hydrogen peroxide treatment was used
as a positive control since it is known to induce DSBs. The results indicate that short (5 seconds) direct
plasma treatment at low power (0.1 W/cm2) produces DNA DSB’s in mammalian cells, suggesting that
somehow plasma penetrates the cells. The level of damage as measured by gamma-H2AX is dependent
on the dose of plasma and at low levels of plasma treatment (<1 J/cm2), the damage is reversible, i.e.
DNA is repaired, whereas at higher doses, cells undergo apoptosis. We confirmed that reactive oxygen
species (ROS) are produced by plasma in cell culture medium and not in inorganic salt solution. Nonthermal plasma interacts with cells indirectly by producing long living organic peroxides in the cell
growth medium, which can mediate the effects of plasma on cellular DNA.
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Low Dose Non-Thermal Plasma Enhances Endothelial Cell Proliferation
Through Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Release
T-BIO-3
SAMEER KALGHATGI
Alexander Fridman, Gary Friedman, Krishna Priya Arjunan, Alisa Morss Clyne
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma is currently being developed for
a wide variety of clinical applications, including skin sterilization, blood coagulation, malignant cell
apoptosis, and wound healing [1]. Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from existing vessels,
is critical in wound healing. Endothelial cells, which line the inner surface of blood vessels, control the
angiogenic process through production, release, and response to growth factors. We hypothesized that
low level plasma treatment can enhance endothelial cell proliferation through growth factor release.
Porcine aortic endothelial cells were seeded in vitro on 18 mm diameter cover glasses in 12 well plates
near confluence (4 x 10^5 cells per well). Cells were cultured for at least 24 hours prior to plasma
treatment to allow full attachment and spreading. We then treated the endothelial cells using nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma at a power level of 1W/cm2 for varying exposure times (short
exposures of 5 s, 15 s and 30 s and long exposures of 60 s and 120 s). Viable endothelial cell number
was determined by Coulter counting trypsinized cells. Endothelial cell apoptosis was measured using an
Annexin V-Propidium Iodide assay. Cell proliferation was quantified via a BrdU assay. Fibroblast growth
factor-2 (FGF2), release was quantified by ELISA.
Our previous results demonstrated that non-thermal plasma treatment at short exposures (up to 30 s; 4
J/cm2) was relatively non-toxic to endothelial cells while treatment at longer exposures (60 seconds and
higher; 8 J/cm2) led to apoptosis. Endothelial cells treated with plasma for 30 seconds demonstrated
twice as much proliferation as untreated cells five days after plasma treatment. Proliferation was
related to cellular soluble FGF2 release, since conditioned media from plasma treated cells induced
similar proliferation when applied to untreated cells. FGF2, a potent angiogenic factor, is a prime
candidate for plasma release, since it is only known to be released with cell membrane damage.
Endothelial cell FGF2 release increased up to 3 hours after plasma treatment, and the cell proliferative
response to plasma treatment was negated by an FGF2 blocking antibody. Reactive oxygen species
generated by non-thermal plasma in liquid may mediate FGF2 release from endothelial cells after
plasma treatment, since effects were blocked with a reactive oxygen species scavenger.
These data suggest that low level non-thermal plasma treatment enhances endothelial cell proliferation
through FGF2 release. Future work includes three-dimensional models of angiogenesis.
Probing Elastic Modulus and Depth of a Two Layer Human Skin Model
with Piezoelectric Cantilevers
T-BIO-4
JOE ERTHAL
Brandon Bachert, Tony John, Kristen Smith, Josa Hanzlik, Dr. Wei-Heng Shih
Collagen in the dermis breaks down overtime, reducing the thickness and increasing the stiffness of
the skin to result in a less youthful appearance overtime. The desire to retain the youthful look or
to slow the aging of the skin has created a multi-billion dollar anti-aging skin care industry which
commends a market of $5.8 billion dollars in 2008 alone. While there are many anti-aging skin care
products, presently there are no quantitative methods that can measure the effects of anti-aging skin
care products on skin thickness and elasticity to provide customers with a fair and unbiased assessment
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of their effectiveness. To make these measurements, a device must be able to in vivo measure a Young’s
Modulus (E) in the range of human skin, which is 4.2 x 105 Pascals (Pa) to 8.5 x 105 Pa (Agache et al.
1980) and within the range of human fat which is about 10 kPa (Hendriks et al.). In addition, the device
must be capable of measuring thickness in the range of human skin, which is 0.5 to 1.1 mm (Escoffier et
al. 1989). Piezoelectric cantilevers comprised of a steel foil sandwiched between two layers of PZT have
been demonstrated to be capable of in vivo measuring tissue elasticity electrically. In this study, we have
developed a system of three piezoelectric cantilevers of different contact areas to quantify the E and
the thickness of skin simultaneously, which can be used to monitor the change in skin’s elasticity and
thickness overtime. The feasibility of such measurements will be carried out with phantom skin models
built to mimic the physiology of skin.
Inactivation of Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Spores In Water By Ultraviolet
Radiation Produced By A Pulsed Spark Plasma Discharge
T-BIO-5
KRISHNA PRIYA ARJUNAN
Yong Yang, Yurii Mukhin, Shivanthi Anandan, Young Cho, Victor Vasilets, Alexander Gutsol, Alexander Fridman
Clean drinking water is essential for sustaining the health of human beings and economic development.
According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), nearly 35% of all the deaths in the developing
countries are related to contaminated water. Certain viruses and parasites like Giardia and
Cryptosporidium are resistant to conventional sterilization methods like chlorination and are easily
transported through the distribution system to the point of use. Individual water collection and storage
systems have been implemented to meet the increasing demand for water. The stagnant nature of
these systems promotes bacterial growth making the water unsafe to drink. Pulsed plasma technology
for the destruction of microorganisms in contaminated potable and waste water is a promising costeffective technique. The system consisted of a high voltage pulsed power supply, a capacitor bank, a
spark gap and a point-to-plane electrode system. A grounded stainless container of diameter 11.5cm
with a volume of 1 liter was used as the treatment chamber. K12, a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia
coli, and Bacillus cereus spores were used in the experiments. Two different potable water sources,
spring and tap, were treated with spark discharge. 2, 2’-dihydroxy-4, 4’-dimethoxy benzophenone-5,
5’-disulfonic acid (Benzophenone-9), was used as a sunscreen in water to study the role of UV in spark
discharge. N-acetyl cysteine and sodium pyruvate were used as reactive oxygen species scavengers to
study their effect on microorganisms. A five log and four log reductions in E. coli viable count was
obtained when spring and tap water respectively were treated with plasma discharge. Complete
inactivation of E. coli was obtained with a low energy input of approximately 40J/L of water. For the
same concentration of Bacillus spores, energy input of approximately 150-170J/L of water was required
for complete inactivation. Disinfection of E. coli in spring water was completely suppressed by the
addition of 30mg/L of Benzophenone-9. Ultraviolet radiation produced by a pulsed spark plasma
discharge in water plays a dominant role in the inactivation of Escherichia coli in water. This is a
promising and effective methodology for the disinfection and sterilization of potable water.
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E-BIO-1
MOOGEGA COOPER
Gregory Fridman, Shivanthi Anandan, Alexander Fridman
Bacteria have the capability to withdraw into a dormant state or a viable but non-culturable
(VBNC) state. Both are impossible to detect with standard plate count methods until revived, where
environmental conditions and time needed for revival are unknown. It has been demonstrated with
Escherichia coli and Deinococcus Radiodurans, two gram-negative bacteria, that room-temperature
plasma is an ideal solution for sterilization and complete destruction. This technology will thus reduce
the recurrent infection rate due to the revival of dormant and VBNC bacteria. Direct plasma exposure
results in a 7-log reduction of E. coli, and a 5-log reduction of D. radiodurans. Future efforts will
expound on the ability of plasma to sterilize bacteria in all metabolic states, to include viable, dormant,
and VBNC bacteria.
Toxicity of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment of Living Tissue
E-BIO-2
DANIL DOBRYNIN
Gary Friedman, Sameer Kalghatgi, Gregory Fridman, Andrew Wu, Erica Podolsky, Kenneth Barbee, Ari Brooks
Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma applied directly on living tissues has various
applications in skin sterilization, wound treatment, and treatment of malignant tissues. Non-thermal
plasma has been shown to sterilize intact tissue without visible or microscopic damage, and our goal
was to identify the boundaries of intact and wounded skin toxicity after DBD plasma treatment. We
evaluated the potential toxic effects on intact and wounded porcine skin in Yorkshire pigs since it is
well established that porcine (pig) skin closely resembles human skin. Based on prior knowledge that
non-thermal plasma has non-damaging and damaging regimes, an experimental protocol based on the
pig model was constructed. The skin treatment was carried out at varying doses to locate the damaging
power and time (dose) combination and the resulting tissue damage was analyzed. Once the dose
where damage occurred was located, the treatment was stopped recording the power level and time
of application. Then successively lower power levels were applied on different patches to find a dose
(power/time) which was non-damaging for prolonged treatment times. The pig was kept alive for one
day post treatment and the tissue samples were sectioned before euthanizing the animal. Low power
(0.25 W/cm2) treatment of intact skin up to 15 minutes caused no gross, microscopic, or histological
tissue damage, while 3 minutes at power of 1 W/cm2 damaged the epidermis and dermis. The first sign
of gross change (erythema) occurred after 1 minute treatment at 0.50 W/cm2. Damage through to the
dermis was first seen after 3 minutes at 0.75 Watt/cm2. For wounded skin no histological damage to the
tissue was found for treatment doses up to 15 minutes at power of 1 W/cm2. This effect may be related
to protective action of coagulated blood layer. Safe doses of plasma treatment of intact and wounded
pig skin were determined. The earliest signs of intact skin damage occur at 0.50 W/cm2. DBD plasma
treatment is now being evaluated as a safe method for tissue sterilization of living tissue.
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Investigation of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Sterilization Capability
on Gram Negative Bacteria
BIO
BioMedical Applications of Low Temperature Plasmas
E-BIO-3
DANIL DOBRYNIN
Sameer Kalghatgi, Gregory Fridman, Andrew Wu, Erica Podolsky, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Kenneth Barbee, Ari
Brooks, Sreekant Murthy, Yurii Mukhin, Gary Friedman
One of the most attractive and promising field of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas
application is medicine. Compared to conventional hot plasma, cold plasma treatment causes
nondestructive affection on biological tissues with strong bactericidal and stimulation effects. This
potentially leads to many new applications including living tissue sterilization, wound healing, and
blood coagulation. Here we compare two types of cold plasmas which are based on thermal and notthermal types of electrical discharge: spark and dielectric barrier discharges. Physical differences of
generation of these plasmas result in different compositions, although both are generated in air, and
thus lead to different effects when applied to living tissues.
Elimination of Bacillus Spores using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
E-BIO-4
DANIL DOBRYNIN
Meghan Wynosky, Richard Rest, Gregory Fridman, Yurii Mukhin
We have developed a non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma setup
for effective sterilization of spores on conductive and non-conductive surfaces at room temperature.
The DBD plasma system involves a specially modified plasma system that is optimized to effectively
destroy pathogenic organisms, particularly Bacillus spores. Metal or dielectric surfaces inoculated with
Bacillus antracis spores were treated with the DBD plasma initiated between the treatment unit and
these surfaces. Set of experiments was performed on DBD plasma sterilization of Bacillus spores both
in dry and wet conditions. We checked the influence of plasma characteristic, gas composition, and
type of surface on the sterilization effect of DBD plasma. The results of the experiments show that DBD
plasma treatment permit up to 8 log reduction of spores in less than 1 minute of DBD plasma treatment
depending of treatment conditions.
Physical Mechanisms of Low Temperature Plasmas Sterilization of Surfaces
E-BIO-5
DANIL DOBRYNIN
Gregory Fridman, Gary Friedman
Nowadays atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely studied and used for medical and biological
applications. They are applied for killing bacteria, spores, and viruses in air, water, and on surfaces
including bactericidal treatment of animals and humans, blood coagulation and plasma surgery. In
some cases, for example eye lesions, it may be difficult or impossible to use bactericidal liquids and
antibiotics, and then plasma with its ability to kill bacteria without damaging tissue can be successfully
applied. Non-thermal plasmas have been shown to be extremely effective in sterilization of various
surfaces. It allows up to 8 log reduction of viable bacteria in seconds and even fraction of a second of
treatment. Here the results of study of physical mechanisms of bacteria inactivation by two major types
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Spark Discharge Plasma Treatment of Mice Colitis Model
E-BIO-6
DANIL DOBRYNIN
Kalyan Chakravarthy, Gregory Fridman, Sreekant Murthy, Gary Friedman
Non-thermal plasmas found its use medical sterilization, wound healing, skin diseases and tissue
regeneration; it can be used with a biological interface as it has bactericidal effect, induces apoptosis,
enhances coagulation and increases cell proliferation. Here we present first results of in vivo studies
of cold spark discharge (CSD) plasma treatment of animal colon in normal and disease conditions. The
purpose of this study is to evaluate whether CSD causes adverse effects in the mouse colon in normal
and disease conditions. Studies were conducted in two stages. Stage 1: We evaluated possible damage
of CSD plasma on colon blood vessels at different doses of plasma treatment. Stage 2: We evaluated
whether CSD would cause high level of disease compared to control animals in the dextran sulfateinduced colitis (disease of the colon). The CSD system, 2 mm O.D. was introduced through the anus up
to 4 cm inside the colon. Colon tissue was collected to measure tissue and DNA damage. CSD plasma
treatment did not cause any damage to the colon. In stage 2, plasma treatment showed significantly
less severe disease compared to control mice. Lower disease activity was attributable to the prevention
of gross (visible) bleeding. Plasma treatment did not any cause damage to the colon tissue. Spark
discharge treatment of mouse colitis provided disease preventing effects compared to controls.
Preliminary Antimicrobial and Antiviral Study of a Marine Fungus
E-BIO-7
LUTHER D. QUARLES IV
Other
Other
With the growing threat of pathogenic microbes and viruses becoming resistant to current drugs,
there is a newly forming demand for better and safer treatment options. A microbiological and
natural products study was conducted to examine the possible application of a marine fungus,
Deuteromycete (labeled as MD1) in the areas of antimicrobial and antiviral practices as an effort to
combat the growing threat. MD1 was obtained from the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Dar es Salaam
Tanzania East Africa. To test MD1 for antimicrobial properties, a slightly different method of disk
diffusion was used, the “Agar Well Method” was applied in this study. In which an extract sample of
MD1 was used in comparison with a positive controls and negative controls, on a agar plate. To test
the antiviral properties of MD1, the antiviral test was done using pre-incubated fertilized chicken
eggs. The Gumboro virus is a immunosuppressant virus, similar to HIV in humans, it infects young
chickens causing death in three to six weeks of development; was used as the test model. To test if MD1
exhibited cytotoxic properties, the Brine Shrimp test was done. The agar well method demonstrated
the following: MD1 did not inhibit the growth of other fungi, but MD1 did inhibit the growth of both
gram negative and gram positive bacterium. The antiviral testing showed a definitive inhibition of the
pathogenic effects of the Gumboro virus when mixed in solution with MD1. The embryos inoculated
with the MD1-virus mixture survived to full term and were hatched normally. The results of the Brine
Shrimp test indicated that MD1 fungus is non-toxic to cells. These results indicated that MD1 displays
promise of becoming a viable antibacterial and antiviral agent.
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of plasmas are described. It was found that UV radiation produced by thermal spark discharge is the
major sterilization agent for this type of plasma. Another type of plasma, non-thermal dielectric barrier
discharge, is proved to kill bacteria mostly due to action of charged particles produced in plasma.
BIO
Assessment of Cognitive Neural Correlates for a Functional Near Infraredbased Brain Computer Interface System
E-BIO-9
HASAN AYAZ
Patricia Shewokis, Scott Bunce, Maria Schultheis
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIR) is a promising brain imaging technology that relies
on optical techniques to detect changes of hemodynamic responses within the prefrontal cortex in
response to sensory, motor, or cognitive activation. fNIR is safe, non-invasive, affordable, and highly
portable. The objective of this study is to determine if biomarkers of neural activity generated by
intentional cognitive activity, as measured by fNIR, can be used to communicate directly from the brain
to a computer. A bar-size-control task based on a closed-loop system was designed and tested with 5
healthy subjects across two days. Comparisons of the average task and rest period oxygenation changes
are significantly different (p<0.01). The average task completion time (reaching +90%) decreases with
practice: day1 (mean 52.3 sec) and day2 (mean 39.1 sec). These preliminary results suggest that a closedloop fNIR-based BCI can allow for a human-computer interaction with a mind switch task.
Novel, Real-Time Bioreactor Platform for Cellular Engineering, Tissue
Regeneration, and High-Throughput Drug Discovery & Efficacy Testing
E-BIO-10
GREGORY P. BOTTA
College of Medicine
Dynamic bioreactors serve to assemble more in vivo-like tissue constructs in 3-D, however, few
technologies have been developed that translate this unique ability into clinical practice. We have
developed an integrated, semi-automatic bioreactor platform that not only grows and perfuses threedimensionally engineered and regenerative tissue constructs, but also enables their characterization
through real-time imaging analysis. Additionally, this same system provides the potential for testing
the efficacy of new or generic pharmaceutical drugs on a patient’s biopsy specimens, even before they
are given to a patient for therapy, thus reducing patient toxicological side effects.
To date, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine have lacked non-invasive techniques for
monitoring and manipulating 3-D tissue assembly of specific cell sources. In an effort to resolve these
obstacles, we have developed an intelligent system that automatically monitors and diagnoses cell-cell
aggregation and controls 3-D growth of tissue-like constructs (organoids) in real-time. The in vitro
generation of these organoids recalls their ontogenesis in vivo, permitting the notion that rotating wall
vessel (RWV) bioreactors might serve as a suitable venue for “in vitro embryology” experiments. Our
ability to assess, in real-time, the kinetics of aggregation and organoid assembly in RWV bioreactors
yields information regarding the biological mechanics of cellular differentiation and tissue formation
when combined with antibodies and specific growth factors. Applications have included not only
tissue assemblage imaging and growth calculations, but also trajectory analysis of beads and cells for
determining optimal growth conditions in bioreactors. Recent experiments with highly aggressive,
metastatic cancers have allowed us to observe novel characteristics of their ‘grouping’ behaviors.
Importantly, as organoids constructed in bioreactors more closely resemble those of native tissue,
constructs grown in this automated environment serve as improved cellular models for drug discovery
and testing.
Our first generation versatile high-resolution “horizontal microscope” system was composed of an
Argon Ion Laser exciting fluorescent objects suspended in a RWV bioreactor at 457/488nm. A second
96
Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on the Behavior of the Northern
Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin)
E-BIO-11
LORI LESTER
H. W. Avery, J. R. Spotila, E. A. Standora, W. F. Bien
Biology
Anthropogenic sound can lead to major changes in ecosystem stability. Animals respond to
anthropogenic underwater sound in a number of ways including avoiding boats, shortening surfacing
intervals, taking longer dives, terminating feeding, changing traveling behavior, and decreasing call
rates. These behavioral changes may lead to negative changes in life history traits such as decreased
reproduction and growth. The objective of this study was to measure behavioral responses of
diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) to playback recordings of boat engines and
pure tones. The study site was a 100 m long mosquito ditch in Barnegat Bay, NJ where an underwater
speaker was placed in the center. Terrapins were outfitted with a Hobo Pendant G datalogger that
recorded orientation of the turtle and a temperature/depth sensor. The turtles were allowed to swim
the length of the mosquito ditch and a sound (either a boat engine sound or a pure tone) was played
when the terrapin was 2 m from the speaker. Our data suggest that terrapins respond to sounds by
increasing swimming speed away from the speaker, digging into the substrate at the bottom of the
ditch, lifting their heads out of the water, or continuing to swim past the speaker. The turtles appeared
to respond most often to a 150 Hz pure tone. If our ongoing research finds that anthropogenic sound
greatly impacts terrapin behavior, management of boat traffic and regulating types of boats may be
necessary to protect terrapins in some areas of Barnegat Bay and other North American estuaries.
Braided Composite Microelectrodes for Multi-electrode
Recording and Stimulation
E-BIO-12
TAE GYO KIM
For building a good multi-electrode in a neuroprosthetic design, there are several requirements
to meet, such as precisely handling and connecting micro-scale wires for multi-channel recording,
impedance matching, proper stiffness to easily penetrate animal tissue, and subsequent high
compliance. These are all necessary for implementation of in-vivo recording or stimulation in difficult
neural environments such as spinal cord. These requirements are all deemed important for in-vivo
experiments, but it is very difficult to satisfy all of them. To approach these issues, we have studied the
possibility of using the braiding techniques from textile technologies as utilized in textiles and modern
composite materials (in e.g., various sports equipment and body armor). Braids provide the possibility
of building various 3D structures and using micro-scale or nano-scale fibers due to their very good
mechanical properties: they are self-stabilizing, have structural strength, and allow variable stiffness or
compliance by changing pitch between strands. Comparing to “conventional” etched or lithography97
BIO
generation system is based upon a diode pumped solid state (DPSS) Green Laser emitting a wavelength
at 532nm. The latest iteration combines the developed optics with perfusing abilities that allow
carcinogens and pharmaceuticals to be infused into the microenvironment in real time. By exciting
both calibration beads and stained cells with laser energy and viewing them in real-time via a CCD
(charge coupled device) video camera, we can capture the motion of individual particles and cells,
observe their trajectories, and analyze their aggregate formation in a variety of clinical situations.
BIO
based electrodes, braided composites microelectrodes could have relatively complex topologies and
more flexibility by including variable compliance. With these advantages, we have been exploring how
to apply the tubular braid technique, which is one of several braid types, and we are using micro-scale
wires to fabricate microelectrodes for multi-electrode recording and stimulating. To realize efficient
fabrication of the braided microelectrodes, a key component that we have developed is a unique
tubular braiding apparatus which is able to braid very fragile micro-scale wires around various types
of cores. Following the success of the apparatus, we can build tubular braids of individual conductors,
or braids composed of multiple braided tetrodes. These allow recording sheaths on different forms,
including fiberoptic laser and cannulae systems that we have tested. With this apparatus, practically, we
can routinely fabricate a novel braided microelectrode probe and braided patch electrodes for multiple
EMG recording and epidural stimulating. For the braided microelectrodes probe, we use 12.7 micron
Polyimide insulated Nichrome wires as a base conductor and 50.8 micron tungsten core with 0.5 mm
spike at the tip. We have routinely used these probes for recording in spinal cord, and motor cortex,
using 6 braided tetrodes, a total of 24 strand wire braids. Presently we have been testing braided patch
electrodes in vivo for multiple EMG recording and epidural stimulating, using 50.8 micron Nichrome
wires as strands. Our current main focus is on developing floating braided microelectrodes which allow
us to record neural signals in spinal cord for freely moving behaviors. A main releasing mechanism
for floating electrodes has been already developed and we have been testing it in vivo. We hope this
novel probe may be among the next generation of main stream clinical and experimental probes in the
electrode industry.
98
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BUSINESS RESEARCH INITIATIVES
City Gnome
P-BUSN-1
KATHERINE SKYLAR
City Gnome LLC is a specialty horticultural service developed by Louise Gallen and Allison Lippincott.
Located at 400 N. 32nd St in West Philadelphia, the company works to promote a sustainable lifestyle
through a personalized gardening service. Encouraging urban dwellers to participate in ecological
lifestyle habits is the main objective of the company. It will offer garden installation for urban
residential areas, both indoor and outdoor, and provide horticultural education for each client to
maintain their space. Clients will be able to choose from a number of gardening packages including
potted plant gardening, living walls, window boxes, and vegetable gardening. Sustainable product
packages of rain barrels and composts will be offered as well. Each package is available in varying
sizes and price ranges to suit each individual client’s needs. Holiday packages will be available from
October through December to provide clients with green decorations during the gardening off-season.
Vacation packages are available throughout the year, providing garden upkeep for traveling clients.
City Gnome feels that services such as these are very much needed in the city of Philadelphia. Through
residential garden cultivation, the company hopes to inspire Philadelphia residents to take part in
the green movement, incorporating green hobbies into their lifestyles not as “bandwagon trends,”
but rather as obligatory hobbies. The company will target upper-middle class empty nesters, retirees,
and small families within the Center City, Queens Village, Bella Vista, Graduate Hospital, Northern
Liberties, Powelton Village, University City, Italian Market, Art Museum and Society Hill areas. The
company is a start-up business that will introduce itself at the Philadelphia Flower Show in March
2010. Through this trade show opportunity, the business plans to acquire new customers and network
with fellow horticultural companies within the Philadelphia area. Installing window boxes for local
high-volume restaurants in exchange for word of mouth exposure and distribution of printed material
will be another form of advertising for the company. An informational website and blog will allow
the company to reach out to new clients via the internet. Membership with community recreational
and business associations, such as the Philadelphia Horticultural Society, the Philadelphia Chamber
of Commerce, the Friend of Parks Association, and the Bella Vista, Center City, and East of Broad
Neighborhood Associations, will provide the company with useful networking and informational
channels. Community events such as GreenFest Philly, the Gay Pride Parade and local block parties will
give the business additional promotional opportunities within the city.
PartyKids
P-BUSN-2
RACHEL MEDNICK
Kaitlyn Cohen, Jocelyn Barnickel, Ashley Bleu
Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design
Design & Merch
PartyKids is a traveling party planning business that creates and organizes themed parties for children.
Our service relieves busy parents of the stress and time it takes to plan a party for their child. We
are based in Philadelphia and service families in the surrounding suburbs. Our goal is to provide a
convenient and all-inclusive party planning service unique to each child’s individual interests. We do
this by offering an extensive list of creative and interactive themed parties that allows each child
to choose their own adventure. Themes include: pirates, cooking, jewelry, karaoke, mystery parties,
gardening and tea party, as well as holiday parties. These themed parties allow both girls and boys to
participate in creative and interactive activities that they can either do themselves, such as crafts, or
choose a whimsical adventure party where they can participate in the fun with others. It is up to the
child to choose his or her own preference. PartyKids allow the busy parent to provide their child with
a memorable party or birthday experience. Additionally, the services we provide include extensive
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Design & Merch
BUSN
planning and full commitment that the working parent would not have time to do. We recognize that
people are cutting back on paying for services due to the economic downturn. However, we feel that
parents will always want to provide for their children no matter what their financial status is. To benefit
the working family in terms of cost and time, our traveling van brings the party to each household.
We aim to provide everything from set up to clean up and everything in between to accommodate all
of our customer’s needs. Our business targets children ages 6-11 and their parents. We want to target
suburban families that are middle to upper middle class with some disposable income. The parents
we are targeting want to promote learning independence and creativity with their children. As the
economy stays in a recession, families with young children are looking for ways to provide creative and
interactive parties for their kids without the cost effecting their decision. PartyKids allows parents of
children in our target market to cut out the cost of a venue. We foresee a growth in the service sector
due to recent changes in the economy, which has already caused a reduction in household spending.
This gives PartyKids the perfect outlet to start a business.
Are Foreign Investors Really Beneficial? Evidence from South Korea
P-BUSN-3
WON YONG KIM
Bennett S. LeBow College of Business
Finance
In order to examine the effectiveness of foreign shareholders as good monitors in Korea, we investigate
the relation between foreign share ownership and pay-performance sensitivity using a sample of 165
Korean firms from 2003 to 2006. We find that firms with higher foreign share ownership have more
significant pay-performance sensitivity, implying that foreign investors may be good monitors. We
control for the bias that foreign investors may invest only in good corporate governance firms, and
our results are unchanged. Moreover, we find preliminary evidence that changes in foreign ownership
are associated with long-run changes in pay performance sensitivity. We also find that the highest payperformance sensitivity appears in chaebol firms with higher foreign share ownership. Regardless of the
level of family ownership, the high foreign share firms consistently have significant pay-performance
sensitivity. We conclude that foreign shareholders are associated with improved corporate governance
in Korea.
The Role of Product Personalization In Effects of Self-Congruity
Versus Functional Congruity
P-BUSN-4
WENLING WANG
Marketing
Sirgy et al. (1991) indicate that functional congruity is a stronger predictor of consumer behavior than
self-congruity. However, it is not clear whether this finding holds across all products and situations. To
answer this question, this paper examines the effects of self-congruity versus functional congruity on
consumers’ trust in a brand for products with different levels of personalization. The results of two
experiments show that both self-congruity and functional congruity lead to increased brand trust and
functional congruity has a greater impact on brand trust than self-congruity for both value-expressive
products with high personalization and utilitarian products with low personalization, which further
supports the finding of Sirgy et al. (1991).
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The Effects of Spokesperson Accent on Attitude toward Advertising and
Brand: A Hedonic Versus Utilitarian Perspective
P-BUSN-5
MONIQUE L. BELL
Although spokesperson accent is one important communication component in changing consumers’
attitude toward advertising and brand, academic research in the marketing literature has not yet
put much importance in its multitude of theoretical and practical implications. The current paper
conceptualizes a multidimensional construct of the advertisement’s (and thus, the brand’s) literal ‘voice’
as manifested by spokesperson accent, a variable with profound heuristic and persuasive qualities. By
building upon country-of-origin (COO) research, we introduce the effects of two types of spokesperson
accent (hedonic vs. utilitarian) on transformational/informational advertising appeals and brand
attitude. We argue that consumers perceive countries on a continuum from a strong utilitarian image
to a strong hedonic image. Similarly, we propose that consumers align spokespersons’ accents with their
perceived COO and transfer utilitarian or hedonic perceptions to the accent. In addition, we explore the
moderating effects of accent intelligibility, consumer involvement and COO competence evaluations. A
conceptual model is proposed by utilizing existing literature within psychology, marketing, language
and communication, and education.
When Emotions Matter in Marketing Leadership:A Cross-Functional
Integration Perspective
P-BUSN-6
MARINA PUZAKOVA
Marketing
The success of marketing performance depends greatly on the effective integration of all functional
units within a firm. However, cross-functional cooperation is more the exception than the rule, and,
unfortunately, multiple inter-functional barriers exist. The main purpose of this paper is to explore
the possibility of enhanced mutual understanding across functional departments within a firm based
on the individual efforts of marketing managers. In particular, we examine the impact of two types
of emotions (i.e., sympathy and empathy) experienced by marketing managers on the creation of a
cooperative environment and enhanced information sharing. Furthermore, we discuss the functional
role of organizational emotional capability in intensifying the direct effects of marketing managers’
emotional responses. Finally, we investigate the moderating role of marketing managers’ cognitive
beliefs. That is, we propose that when a marketing manager’s self-confidence and trust are high, the
relationship between the emotional responses of marketing manager and cross-functional integration
is stronger. We conclude with managerial implications and future research directions.
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Marketing
A Model of Entrepreneurial Competitive Moves: The Influence of Industry
Context and Individual Factors
P-BUSN-7
BUSN
LEE J. ZANE
Tianxu Chen
Management: Strategy & Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurs compete in markets with significant uncertainty, and derive disparate outcomes. While
prior research has used real options logic to explain entrepreneurs’ decisions under uncertainty, few if
any have tied this logic to the characteristics of new ventures’ competitive moves. This paper discusses
how entrepreneurs launch competitive moves, particularly the speed of action and intensity of action,
under conditions with uncertainty and first mover advantage. We argue that the way entrepreneurs
conduct competitive activities are contingent on their cognitive biases.
Helping and Harming Others in the Workplace: The Roles of Personal
Values and Abusive Supervision
P-BUSN-8
PING (TYRA) SHAO
Management: Organization Sciences
This paper combined situational and dispositional approach to understanding workplace interpersonal
harming as well as helping. We draw on the theory of other orientation to examine how personal
values, social dominance orientation (SDO) and psychological collectivism in particular, are related to
interpersonal helping and harming in the workplace. We propose that social dominance orientation
(SDO) and psychological collectivism are social relations values that motivate workplace interpersonal
helping and harming. Additionally, drawing upon social learning theory and social exchange theory as
well as abusive supervision theory, we propose that abusive supervision moderates the values-to-helping
or harming relationships. Responses from 490 working adults indicate that SDO is positively related
to interpersonal harming and negatively related to interpersonal helping. Psychological collectivism
values were positively linked to engaging in interpersonal helping, but unrelated to interpersonal
harming. Working for an abusive supervisor strengthened the positive relationship between SDO and
interpersonal harming, and the negative relationship between interpersonal helping. Conversely,
working for a non-abusive supervisor weakened the SDO-to-behavior relationships. Theoretical and
practical implications are discussed.
Personality Dispositions and Media Selection: The Role of Modernity
P-BUSN-9
XIA ZHOU
Marketing
Effective advertising becomes more and more difficult to achieve as media vehicles are being developed
rapidly with the advances in digital technology. Therefore, it becomes more and more difficult for
advertisers to reach their targeted consumer segments. In the meantime, it is generally accepted that
media choice is influenced by characteristics in personality, and that modern people are developing
similar personality dispositions as a result of modernization across the globe. As a result, the interaction
of modernity personality dispositions and media usage in advertising has become critical in selecting
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advertising media and improving advertising effectiveness. This study fills the gap in the literature in
this area by proposing a parsimonious model on how modernity influences media usage in the dynamic
environment of communication and advertising. It also gives guidance to media budget allocation and
segmentation by personality dispositions.
A Moderated Mediation Model of E-mentoring
BUSN
P-BUSN-10
MARCO S. DIRENZO
Tyra P. Shao, William Rosenberg
Management: Organization Sciences
Based on a longitudinal sample of 1381, this study develops and tests a moderated mediation model
of electronic mentoring (e-mentoring). Results show evidence that frequency of interaction between
prot’g’s and mentors mediates the relation between program antecedents (the prot’g’s previous
internet experience and initial motivation to participate) and program outcomes of general self-efficacy
and task efficacy. In addition, the prot’g’s self-efficacy prior to starting the program was found to
moderate the relation between prot’g’ and mentor interaction frequency and program outcomes of
task and self-efficacy. Unexpectedly, having mentors in the past was not significantly related to program
outcomes. Practical implications and future areas of research are identified and discussed.
The Rate of Technological Progress, Effective Human Capital and the
Dynamics of Income Inequality: An Empirical Analysis
P-BUSN-11
JOSH HALL
Economics and International Business
Trade liberalization has been widespread throughout developing countries, which has contributed
to an increase in the rate of new technologies entering these countries. This paper analyzes how the
change in the rate of technological progress affects 1) the effective human capital; 2) the degree of
within-country inequality; and 3) the degree of across-country inequality, as measured by the relative
wage of the developing country to the U.S. I show, theoretically and empirically, that the growth of
within country inequality is lessened when the quality of education is high. Also, the relationship
between the effective human capital and the rate of technological progress is positive only if the
quality of education is sufficiently high. And finally, developing countries with high educational quality
experience a relatively greater convergence to developed countries. These results are broadly consistent
with the experience of Latin America and East Asia since 1980.
105
Percentage Asymmetries, Loss Aversion, and Evaluations
of Partitioned Prices
P-BUSN-12
UMIT KOC
BUSN
Marketing
A number of theories have been proposed such as, (C)PT (Cumulative) Prospect Theory, which has
been successfully employed in decision making environments involving risk. However, the underlying
mechanisms driving people’s behavior in risky environments have not been researched. In this paper, we
identify a drive, which may constitute the underlying mechanism of risk aversion. Our main argument
is that the percentage changes are asymptotically and relationally asymmetric in nature and this
asymmetry creates the heuristics driving loss aversion. First reason for this effect is that people tend
to convert prices to relative associations (percentages) to evaluate the magnitude of a loss or gain.
Second, people take the percentage needed to achieve status quo into account more than the actual
loss itself while weighing the losses, an effect we name ‘status quo seeking’. Status quo seeking effect
causes people to value percentage losses commensurate with the percentage gain needed to achieve
status quo, and vice versa. Using our conceptualization, we predict the effects of percentage discounts
on consumers’ value perceptions, and purchase intentions, especially in the case of product bundles
including mixed gains and losses.
Collective Bargaining Agreement within the NHL
P-BUSN-13
JUN OKADA
Tom Bopp
Richard C. Goodwin College of Professional Studies
Sport Management
The abstract will be on the collective bargaining agreement in the NHL. Lockouts in other sports will
also be analyzed and compared. Past lockouts will be studied as well as economic significance of
the sport (pre and post lockout). Other areas which will be studied are the changes in the Collective
bargaining agreement agreed upon by the NHL owners and Players Association. It will show how the
upgraded rules have affected the play and overall popularity of the sport.
Inventory and Price Model under E-business Environment
P-BUSN-14
YI LIAO
Decision Sciences: Production Operations Management
Abstract Recently online purchases keeps growing and we now purchase 2.3 percent of retail goods via
Internet channels. The growing popularity of online purchases presents an very important decision for
sellers: how to manage the inventory and price under the e-business environment. This paper studies
the optimal inventory level under fixed-priced, auction and fixed-priced & auction models and answers
following research questions: will fixed-priced format increase the seller’s profit, how is an optimal
price determined and what is the possible best inventory level. If the seller uses mixed strategy , what
is the optimal solution. Our results show that the fixed-priced format can increase the seller’s profit
depending on the level of some exogenous variables seller’s cost and salvage value . In addition, the
mixed format strategy can dominate the fixed-priced format selling. Therefore, it is very important for
sellers to check these information when posting a price on line.
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Furloughed vs. AWOL: When defection doesn’t mean defected
P-BUSN-15
BROOKE MALINOWSKI
Marketing
BUSN
Marketing relationships are the focus of considerable marketing research. In order to maximize firm
profitability, firms should not only acquire new customers, but grow and develop their relationships
with existing customers. Relationship growth is considered to develop stronger as it ascends by
way of a relationship step. In this research, we focus on the issue of transitions between relational
stages. Due to the limited research in this area, we take a grounded theoretical approach where we
examine relationships that failed to transition to the next stage. Because of the well-defined stages
of relationship growth, we examine this phenomenon using the context of a non-profit museum.
The results of the qualitative and quantitative studies are somewhat surprising and extend current
marketing theory.
Joint Economic Lot Model for Deteriorating Items
P-BUSN-16
CHANGYUAN YAN
Yi Liao
As the industrial environment becomes more competitive, the cooperative inventory policy between
supplier and buyer has become more and more important. And more and more attention has been paid
to the cooperative inventory policies for deteriorating items. The objective of this research is to develop
a two-echelon joint economic lot model for a deteriorating item and derive an optimal joint total cost
from an integrated perspective. Unlike other studies, with the assumption of infinite production rate,
we develop a simple but effective way to obtain the optimal solution. Numerical examples are provided
to illustrate the application of the proposed approach. Sensitivity analysis is also performed.
Hospital Competition and The Provision Of Uncompensated Care
P-BUSN-17
LUCIANA COSTA
There are approximately 47 million uninsured in the United States. When they need a health care
treatment, the majority of them have basically two alternatives: to pay out-of-pocket or to rely on
the uncompensated care delivered by different health care providers. In 2007, hospitals provided
approximately $34 billion in uncompensated care according to the American Hospital Association.
These expenses represent the sum of bad debt (the amount for which the hospital anticipated but
did not get reimbursed for) and charity care (the amount for which the hospital did not receive nor
expected to receive payments for). Our interest is to study how the provision of uncompensated care
differs according to the hospital’s ownership type. Specifically, we want to investigate if the amount
of uncompensated care and charity care provided by for-profit hospitals is affected by the presence
of nonprofit hospitals in the region. To estimate those effects, we run a series of econometric models
using hospital-level data for the states of California and Minnesota. We expect to find that incentives
to for-profits hospitals in the provision of uncompensated and charity care increase in the presence of
nonprofit hospitals in the region.
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Firms’ Strategic Choice in Standards War: a historical analysis of 78 cases
P-BUSN-18
TIANXU CHEN
BUSN
Lee Zane, Hideo Yamada, Sam Kurokawa, deceased
This paper addresses the strategic choice of firms to pursue establishment of technological de facto
standards. Drawing from the resource-based view of the firm and network externalities theory, the
authors develop competing hypotheses and empirically test them with a historical analysis of 78
cases from 1970 to 2004. We examine the impact of three strategic factors, technological superiority,
technology disclosure, and compatibility, on firms’ success in setting de facto standards. Results
reconfirm the creditability of the resource-based view and network externalities theory in de facto
standards-based competition. They also support the contingency perspective in analyzing the dynamics
of this competition.
Standardization versus Adaptation in Central and Eastern Europe:
Opportunities and Pitfalls After European Union Accession
P-BUSN-19
BORYANA V. DIMITROVA
Marketing
Growing interdependence among countries has evoked intense discussion regarding the
standardization/adaptation issue in international marketing. When companies standardize, they utilize
uniform marketing mix elements (i.e., product, price promotion, distribution channels) across foreign
markets. Conversely, when companies employ an adaptation strategy, they adjust the marketing mix
to non-domestic markets. A third, mixed strategy, implying standardization of certain components
of the marketing mix (i.e., product, package) and differentiation of others (i.e., promotion, pricing,
distribution channels), is also an option for MNCs. Firms are often advised to employ this hybrid
marketing strategy since it allows for greater flexibility and improved performance. In recent years,
multinational corporations (MNCs) seeking expansion opportunities have turned to Central and Eastern
Europe (CEE). Numerous economic and social changes have taken place in former Eastern bloc countries
following the collapse of Communism in 1989 and European Union accession in 2004 (for Hungary,
Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland) and in 2007 (for Bulgaria and Romania). All of
the newly accessed countries have been raising their standards of living and enjoying rapid economic
growth although some at a faster pace than others. Firms planning to operate in these markets have
to design marketing strategies that will allow them to effectively respond to the growing expectations
and changing needs of their potential customers. Specifically, MNCs have to decide to what degree
they should standardize their marketing strategy when operating in CEE countries. Therefore, the
current study focuses on the standardization/adaptation issue that MNCs face in their international
operations. More specifically, there are two underlying research questions: (1) What is different about
doing business in former Eastern bloc countries? and (2) To what degree should MNCs standardize their
marketing strategy when operating in CEE?
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A Knowledge-Based System for Novice Database Designers
P-BUSN-20
ORNSIRI THONGGOOM
A database is a collection of related data that represents some relevant reality and is a critical part
of information technology. Expert database designers are scarce and expensive, and therefore,
inexperienced designers sometimes undertake database development tasks. Many researches indicate
that database designs developed by such novice designers, lead to unsatisfactory and inaccurate
outcomes. The objective of this paper is to develop the knowledge-based system as one means to help
novice designers develop better quality conceptual database design. Also, this research is motivated by
both the importance of automated conceptual data modeling in the design of information systems and
database and the emerging applications of natural language processing (NLP) in information retrieval
and extraction.
The Effects of Evaluation Context and Prior Knowledge on Consumers’
Product Quality Evaluations
P-BUSN-21
SHAN FENG
Marketing
This study investigates how prior knowledge interacts with evaluation context when consumers make
product quality evaluations. The experiment results suggest that the evaluation context has the least
impact on consumers with moderate prior knowledge while it has the largest impact on consumer with
low prior knowledge when assessing the product quality. Furthermore, high knowledge consumers are
affected by the context to a lesser degree than that of low knowledge consumers.
Casino of the Future
P-BUSN-22
JANE F. BOKUNEWICZ
Hospitality Management
The Drexel University/Gaming Industry Observer Survey of Gaming Preferences was published in
the August 4, 2008, Volume 13, Number 12 Issue of the Gaming Industry Observer. The survey was
conducted in the Eastern US over a 6 month time period and included almost 400 respondents. Eight
Students participated in the research under the supervision of Hospitality Instructor Jane Bokunewicz.
The survey stratified the results into the age groups of 20’s, 30’s and 40+. The results of the survey
revealed that all age groups preferred a redesign of traditional slot machines to be more like the video
games of today. Additionally younger age groups had a clear preference for community based slot
machines where players compete against each other. Interestingly, human interaction is still key with
the younger generation showing the highest percentage of people playing table games with a live
dealer in the younger age groups. Regarding casino floor design, a traditional layout was favored by
all age groups but a very large percentage of respondents, 33% in the 21 ‘ 30 age group showed they
preferred a more integrated design with other amenities mixed in with slot machines and table games.
Only 22% of gamblers over age 40 preferred an integrated design.
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BUSN
College of Information Science and Technology
Information Systems
The New Debate Over Title IX Athletics: Where Are the Female
Coaches and Administrators?
P-BUSN-24
BUSN
ALLISON NEMETH
Dr. Amy Giddings
Sport Management
Title IX was passed in 1972, ushering in a new era of commitment to gender equality among collegiate
athletics. The three-pronged compliance test of Title IX ensures, at the very least, an attempt at
complete gender equality among student athletes based on interest and abilities, financial aid
allocations, and all other benefits, opportunities and treatments. Thanks in part to Title IX, 2006
boasted the highest ever participation rate of intercollegiate female athletes to date. According
to a commonly cited study by R. Vivian Acosta and Linda Jean Carpenter, Women in Intercollegiate
Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study. Twenty Nine Year Update, 1977-2006, 2006 had not only the
highest recorded number of women’s teams per school (8.45), but also the highest recorded number of
women’s teams recognized by the NCAA (8,702). In 1970, two years before Title IX was enacted, there
were only 2.5 women’s teams per school for a total of approximately 16,000 female athletes nationally.
Needless to say, great strides have been made in terms of opportunity and thus, participation.
It only makes sense that with this increased opportunity and participation of female athletes that
we would see more female athletic head coaches and administrators. For example, if a college or
university’s student population is 50% female, and 50% of its participating athletes are female,
shouldn’t the athletic administration (and academic administration, for that matter) be close to 50%
as well? According to recent data from Acosta and Carpenter this is not the case. While 2006 showed
great numbers for female athletes, it also saw the lowest ever representation of female coaches –
particularly for women’s teams. Athletic Trainers, Sports Information Directors, and Athletic Directors
fared little to no better in the statistics.
With more administrators in the average athletic program than ever, why aren’t more women joining
the athletic field? This poster seeks to address that question. The poster presentation reflects findings
through Title IX legislation, and female participation rates as athletes, coaches and administrators.
Using the Acosta/Carpenter data as well as a personal interview with Erin McDermott, Senior Woman
Administrator for Princeton University, this poster presentation explores both the statistical and
theoretical evidence for women either not joining or leaving the athletic community. In debating why
women are not choosing sport as a career, the ‘hiring bias’ theory and actions that might be taken for
future change are also considered.
Marketing Collegiate Women’s Athletics
P-BUSN-25
COURTNEY MCCRUDDEN
Jennifer Valore, Dr. Amy Giddings
Sport Management
With the increase in participation among women in collegiate athletics, athletic departments
nationwide must adapt their marketing plans to incorporate the uniqueness of women’s sport. While
the majority of women’s NCAA sports are non-revenue generating sports, it is still critical to maintain a
well-developed marketing plan. This study analyzed five various NCAA institutions and the marketing
efforts each of them make towards their women’s athletic teams. Through interviews with players and
administrative personnel, a number of important findings were made. Interviewees provided rich data
demonstrating a marketing focus on the fundamentals of play, high quality of play, women as role
models, a family-oriented environment for enjoying sport, and good sportsmanship, among others.
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BUSN
Working with a wide variety of budgets, participants discussed ways in which they developed their
sport marketing plans for non-revenue generating women’s sports. Areas of particular importance also
included public relations outlets, feature stories, radio discussions, and the utilization of community
leaders, alumni, and booster clubs. Unique challenges were also discussed with participants. This poster
will present the data gathered in this study and the conclusions that were drawn for both practitioners
and researchers. Additionally, specific examples of unique marketing plans at each of the universities
will be presented.
Coaching the Competitive Women’s Collegiate Athletic Team- Required
Elements from the Head Coach
P-BUSN-26
AMY GIDDINGS
Dr. Michael Sachs
Sport Management
Coaches of women’s collegiate teams are increasingly feeling the pressure to be successful.
Administrators want to see high performing teams for a number of reasons. Highly successful programs
may contribute to the development of alumni networks, attract better athletes, and project a positive
image for the university’s athletic programs and the university as a whole. Coaches are interested in
seeing their athletes succeed and knowing they have had a hand in that success. Athletes are interested
in doing their best and naturally gravitate towards teams with a record of high achievement. For these
reasons, it is imperative to understand how teams can find greater success through coaching leadership.
In a mixed methods study of highly successful women’s coaches, four shared themes arose from the
interview component of the research program. Coaches of the most successful NCAA Division I women’s
rowing programs discussed coaching knowledge, athlete management, shared values, and athlete
civic engagement as critical to their teams’ success. The focus of this presentation will be on the first
two themes ‘ coaching knowledge and athlete management. Coaching knowledge, in this research,
is described as a balance in leadership behaviors, innovative teaching methods, and possession of a
common skill set. Athlete management is inclusive of evaluation, work ethic, and roster management.
In addition to exploring the content areas within each of these two themes, this presentation will
present strategies for athletic administrators and coaches to increase competitiveness and successfulness
through the development of these themes.
Emotional Intelligence, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational
Citizenship Behavior In Continuing Higher Education
P-BUSN-27
ANN M. SOLAN
Multidisciplinary & Emerging Programs
This poster session will present the results of a study that explored the nature of the relationship
between emotional intelligence, visionary leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior in
continuing higher education. A nonexperimental, quantitative research design was used to answer
eight research questions. Results of paired-samples t tests showed that leaders’ self-ratings of visionary
leadership differed from observers’ ratings, with statistically significant differences on 3 of 10 TLP scales.
Pearson r correlation and linear regression results surprisingly showed a negligible relationship between
emotional intelligence and visionary leadership. Pearson r correlation and linear regression results
demonstrated a moderate relationship between visionary leadership and organizational citizenship
behavior as overall TLP accounted for 25% of the variance in overall organizational citizenship behavior
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BUSN
(R2 = .25, p < .01). Pearson r correlation and linear regression results also showed a small relationship
between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior, with the MSCEIT managing
emotions branch accounting for 19% of the variance in overall organizational citizenship behavior (R2
= .19, p < .01).
Evaluation of the Effect of Trade Adjustment Assistance Program on TradeRelated Displaced Workers
P-BUSN-28
LIMING HUANG
The U.S. Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program is designed to help trade-affected workers in their
transition to better jobs. TAA provides displaced workers with income support, training, job search, and
relocation benefits. While genuine by design, the TAA program has been an object of serious doubt and
debate. However, in part because of a lack of data, there have been few empirical evaluations of the
TAA program that have produced mixed results regarding its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is
to assess the TAA program. In the first stage of the project, I combine the Trade Act Participant Report
(TAPR) database, collected by the Employment and Training Administration of the US Department of
Labor (DOL) with data from Current Population Survey Displaced Workers Supplement. I use the second
data set as control group of workers who have not been affected by trade. The newly developed
dataset has potential for many future applications. I use the data and apply contemporary econometric
techniques to evaluate the TAA program. Four findings stand out: First, the difference between postlayoff and pre-of TAA participants are significantly lower than the corresponding wage difference
of workers who lost their jobs due to economic factors other than trade, e.g. business cycle. Second,
trade-affected workers suffer longer unemployment duration spell. Third, within the TAA participants,
those who have undergone formal retraining enjoy higher post-layoff earnings and are unemployed
for a shorter period. Finally, mine is the first study to evaluate the effect of the alternative TAA (ATAA)
program, aiming at decreasing the length of unemployment duration of trade affected workers over
the age of fifty by offering them wage subsidy benefits. My estimates indicate that the ATAA program
has accomplished its goal by significantly reducing the unemployment duration for ATAA participants
relative to non-TAA participants, and non-trainees. My findings have two main implications: First, the
TAA program is successful in compensating trade-affected workers for their lost income by providing
better opportunities for future employment. Second, it may be more efficient to expand the ATAA
program to all ages in order to decrease the unemployment spell for all trade-affected workers.
You Are Who You Wear
E-BUSN-1
AMANDA COMUNALE
Design & Merch
In the winter of 2008, freshman students in the Design and Merchandising program at Drexel University
were given questionnaires. The questionnaires asked the students about their purchasing behavior,
knowledge of supply chain initiatives, information sources, ethically marketed products, and, of course
their own demographic information. The demographics of this questionnaire consisted of fifty-eight
American females (all eighteen to twenty years old). Questions asked students the most important
aspects related to purchasing decisions. These included style, fit, color, quality, price, fabric, or brand
image. The results of this survey suggested that almost half of the students considered brand image
the least important when purchasing. However, research has shown that brand image is the most
important. Results from the questionnaire indicated that the top three retailers most shopped at
are Urban Outfitters, Forever 21, and H&M. The consistency and volume of responses for these three
retailers implies that students do actually consider brand image when shopping. Bearing in mind these
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findings, this study investigates these three retailers considering all aspects of their branding image.
One goal will be to show that brand image not only affects the purchase behavior of consumers, but
also impacts them at emotional levels. Theories related to brand image, emotional branding, and
storytelling are revealed to enforce these ideas.
The Power of Conscience Consumption
BUSN
E-BUSN-2
MEGHAN LYNCH
Design & Merch
Today’s shopping is driven by selfish priorities that shelter consumers from the global impact of their
purchasing behavior. A survey conducted among Drexel University freshmen in the winter of 2008
found style, fit, and color are the first factors considered when purchasing garments. Price is also an
essential factor and often serves as the final determinant in a purchase. Deborah Brosdahl of Kansas
State University analyzed diverging consumer ideals between the United States and Europe. She found
that in the US, ‘the consumer ‘wins’ by being able to acquire a lot with practically no money,’ whereas
in Europe, ‘the consumer ‘wins’ by buying the most ‘perfect’ object’ (p.12). These contrasting ideals
redefine the concept of getting more for your money suggesting that in the US more means quantity,
but in Europe it means quality. Therefore consumers are driven by reduced prices rather than product
quality. Garments are easily disposed of after a single season instead being cherished as an addition to
a wardrobe. Consumerism has become a practice of isolationism in which shoppers only consider the
personal impact of their purchases. For these reasons, this study attempts to examine issues related to
consumers and retailers’ responsibilities in the areas of consumption and social responsibility.
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CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
Understanding HIV Positive and Negative Patients’ Perspectives on OptOut, Incentivized, & Mandatory HIV Testing
P-CLIN-1
SIRENA SUN
BACKGROUND: Widespread HIV testing remains the best preventive action against further spread
of the HIV epidemic in the absence of a successful HIV vaccine. Despite the health benefits of HIV
status awareness, over 40% of the U.S. population has never been tested for HIV. With the 2006
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) HIV testing recommendations, there has been a movement from
voluntary counseling and testing to opt-out testing to combat low HIV testing rates. Few studies have
investigated patients’ acceptance of and attitude towards this and more novel testing models, e.g.
incentivized or anonymous mandatory testing. OBJECTIVE: This study uses qualitative, semi-structured
patient interviews to identify features of different HIV testing methods that would best motivate
individuals to be tested. METHODS: Upon completion, 20 adult patients (10 HIV-positive and 10 HIVnegative) between the ages of 18-64 will have been recruited and interviewed. Patients will have been
asked questions regarding their HIV testing history and attitudes towards opt-out, incentivized, and
mandatory anonymous HIV testing. Patients will also have been asked what they feel could be done
to improve HIV testing rates in the U.S. Major themes will be identified by analyzing interview results
for patterns and core meanings. RESULTS: This study is still currently being conducted, however we
anticipate identifying incentivized HIV testing as most effective in encouraging patients due to the
motivating effects of incentives. CONCLUSION: A firm understanding of patients’ perspectives allows for
development of effective HIV testing initiatives that are patient-sensitive and can substantially reduce
HIV infection rates.
Outcome Analysis of Prostate Cancers Treated with Cyberknife Delivered
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy
P-CLIN-2
NATASA C. TOWNSEND
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiation Oncology
Objective: To evaluate acute toxicity outcomes of prostate cancer patients treated with cyberknife
delivered hypofractionated radiotherapy. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review analysis of the
first 50 patients treated with cyberknife radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Most patients were affected
with early to intermediate stage prostate cancer. Two patients had metastatic disease at presentation
and were excluded. A total of 37 patients received irradiation at a dose of 35-37.5 Gray (Gy) in 5
fractions of 7-7.5 Gy per fraction. Assuming an alpha/beta of 1.5, this delivered an equivalent dose of
85-96 Gy in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2). A subset of patients (n = 11) received standard linac-based pelvic
radiation treatment via either IMRT or tomotherapy and received a boost via cyberknife at a dose of
17.6-25 Gy in 2-5 fractions (EQD2 = 46.6-72Gy). The acute toxicities were recorded using the Common
Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0 throughout treatment and at patients’
follow up visits. Results: The median patient age at presentation was 66 years (range, 46-80). The
mean pretreatment PSA and Gleason score were 9.16 ng/ml and 7, respectively. Grade 2 genitourinary
(GU) acute toxicity was reported by 10% of patients (n=5). Only 3 patients reported Grade 3 acute GU
toxicity. There were no gastrointestinal Grade 2 or Grade 3 toxicities reported. Conclusions: Cyberknife
delivered hypofractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has an acceptable acute
toxicity profile.
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CLIN
Dr. Hans P. Schlecht
Health Management and Policy
Trunk Muscle Timing and Amplitude Differences in Patients with
Mechanical Low Back Pain during a Self-Initiated Perturbation
P-CLIN-3
RUPAL MEHTA
CLIN
Dr. Marco Cannella, Dr. Susan Smith
Purpose/ Hypothesis: To investigate differences in trunk muscle timing (onset, offset, burst duration, cocontraction duration) and amplitude of bilateral trunk muscles between patients with mechanical low
back pain (MLBP) and asymptomatic controls in response to a known self-initiated postural challenge.
Background: The central nervous system (CNS) provides spinal stability through activation of trunk
muscles controlled via inbuilt feedforward and feedback mechanisms. Feedforward control uses learned
preset mechanisms to maintain stability while feedback control augments the anticipatory adjustments
via sensory information obtained during and after a known perturbation. Trunk muscle timing
along with duration and magnitude of activation contribute to control the system during a postural
perturbation and thus all of these parameters provide information regarding the status of the postural
control system. Materials/Methods: Thirty subjects with MLBP were compared to 30 asymptomatic
controls. Surface EMG data was collected from bilateral internal oblique/transverse abdominus (IO/TrA),
external oblique (EO), rectus abdominus (RA), superficial lumbar multifidus (sLM) and unilateral anterior
deltoid, during a simple reaction test. Data corresponding to trunk muscle onset latency, offset latency,
burst response duration, duration of co-contraction and amplitude of muscle response was analyzed.
Group comparisons were performed separately on each variable using mixed ANOVA and ANOVA
statistics. Results/Conclusion: Deltoid onset time was not significantly different between the groups (P
= 0.17). Patients with MLBP showed significantly delayed trunk muscle onset (P.05).We interpret these
findings as an evidence of an altered and inefficient feedforward control strategy, suggesting that
MLBP subjects might be prone to trunk instability or at risk of tissue re-injury during voluntary task.
The increased activation response could be the consequence of pain or a compensatory ‘safety-catch’
imposed by the CNS to enhance trunk stability.
The Relationship between Pain, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Pediatric
Sickle Cell Disease
P-CLIN-4
MARGO M. SZABO
Lauren C. Daniel, Jacqueline D. Kloss, Lamia P. Barakat, M. Renee Robinson
Psychology
Introduction: The relationship between sleep and quality of life (QoL) in chronic pain patients is a
growing area of research; however, only a few studies have focused on pediatric sickle cell disease
(SCD) samples. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sleep and pain reports
as well as the relationship between sleep and QoL in children with SCD. Methods: During a routine
clinic visit, 25 children ages 8 ‘ 18 years completed baseline ratings of SCD pain intensity and sleep
quality and duration as part of a 28-day diary. Participants also completed the Pediatric Quality of
Life Inventory, which assesses physical and psychosocial functioning at baseline and at the end of the
month. Because data collection is currently ongoing, only baseline data was analyzed for this study.
Results: Preliminary analysis revealed no correlation between pain intensity and sleep quality or
duration. A significant relationship between sleep quality and QoL (r = .51, p = .009) did emerge, but
no relationship was found between sleep duration and QoL. When examining individual QoL domains,
significant associations were found between sleep quality and both emotional functioning (r = .63, p =
.001) and school functioning (r = .43, p = .036). Conclusion: Better sleep quality may be associated with
better QoL in children with SCD, particularly in the areas of emotional and school functioning. The lack
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of relationship between pain intensity and sleep may be due to use of current day pain, which does not
account for prior or future pain experience that may relate to sleep. Using the entire month of diaries,
in which pain and sleep were recorded at night, may help to resolve this issue. By improving sleep
quality through interventions aimed at sleep hygiene, it may be possible to improve QoL in children
with SCD.
Life Stress, Social Problem Solving and Asthma
P-CLIN-6
SEAN MCCORMICK
Asthma is an immuno-inflammatory condition of the respiratory system. Clinical wisdom and scientific
research suggest that life stress negatively impacts asthma. However, the nature of the stress-asthma
relationship remains largely unclear. One hypothesis is that stress plays a multifaceted role, affecting
asthma through the nervous and immune systems, and through behavioral pathways, such as disease
self-management. The coping abilities of individuals with asthma may also play a role as mediators
of the stress-asthma relationship. The proposed research will examine the life stress and coping
tendencies of asthma patients in relation to their asthma control and asthma-related quality of life. It
is hypothesized that more negative life experiences will be associated with poorer asthma control and
asthma-related quality of life. It is further hypothesized that social problem solving will mediate that
association. If supported, these hypotheses will suggest that stress and coping are important factors in
asthma morbidity and are potentially fruitful avenues for understanding and treating asthma from a
biopsychosocial perspective.
Needs of Families of Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy:Effects of Age
and Gross Motor Function of Children
P-CLIN-7
NIHAD ALI ALMASRI
Aim: To identify the differences in number and types of expressed family needs related to children and
youth with cerebral palsy based on age and gross motor function level.
Participants: A convenience sample of 501 caregivers of children and youth with cerebral palsy receiving
services from six Shriners Hospitals for Children and one Children’s Rehabilitation Center participated
in the study. The caregivers were mostly mothers (76.2%), completed high school or higher education
(83.3%), and employed full or part time (58.7%). The caregivers mean age was 40.3 years (SD = 9.3).
Children and youth had a mean age of 10.8 years (SD = 4.5) and 57.1% were males.
Methods: Caregivers completed a modified version of a Family Needs Survey. The survey consisted of
39 items grouped by six areas of family needs. Assessors who met criterion for reliability determined
GMFCS levels. The effect of age (< 6y, 6-12y, 12-21y) and GMFCS level (I, II/III, IV/V) on the total number
of family needs and the number of needs for each area were examined by a two-way ANOVA and a
MANOVA respectively (p<.05). Post-hoc analysis was performed using the Bonferrroni method (p<.01).
Results: The two-way ANOVA indicated a main effect for GMFCS level on the total number of family
needs (p<.0001). The main effects of age and the interaction effect were not significant (p>.05). Posthoc tests revealed that the number of needs expressed by caregivers of children in levels IV/V was
greater than the number of needs expressed by caregivers of children in level I (p<.0001) and levels II/III
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CLIN
Psychology
(p<.01). The difference in the number of needs expressed by caregivers of children in level I and levels II/
III was not significant (p> .05).
The MANOVA indicated a main effect for GMFCS level on types of family needs (p<.05). The main effect
of age and the interaction between age and GMFCS level were not significant (p>.05). The number of
family needs differed based on children’s GMFCS level for: Needs for Information (p<.05), Needs for
Support (p<.01), Needs for Community Services (p<.0001), and Financial Needs (p<.0001). The areas
Explaining to Others and Family Functioning did not differ by children’s GMFCS level (p>.05). Posthoc tests revealed that caregivers of children in level I expressed less Needs for Information compared
with caregivers of children in levels II/III (p<.05) and IV/V (p<.01). Caregivers of children in levels IV/V
expressed more Needs for Support than caregivers of children in level I (p<.01). Need for Community
Services and Financial Needs differed among all GMFCS levels (p<.001).
CLIN
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The number and types of expressed family needs differed based on
the gross motor function level of children and youth with cerebral palsy but not on age.
The findings have implications for providing family-centered services that address family needs. Gross
motor function is an important consideration when assessing family needs. Needs for information,
support, and community services are areas identified by caregivers that can be addressed when
providing services to children and youth with cerebral palsy.
Clinical Features of Sprint Fidelis Lead Failure at a Single Major Referral
Center for Lead Management
P-CLIN-8
SAEID SAJADI
Parijat S Joy, Mohammad Al-Bataineh, George Yesenosky, Steven P. Kutalek
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Introduction: Since initial reports of malfunction of the Sprint Fidelis (SF) family of high voltage leads,
failure rates continue to rise. Increasing numbers of patients with SF leads require lead removal
and re-implantation. This study was to evaluate the clinical features of patients underwent SF lead
removal at Drexel University. Methods: The reports of device interrogation, remote monitoring,
surgical procedures, and post-extraction lead analysis were reviewed to assess device data, clinical
manifestations, and short-term outcome of the PTs. Results: Over a 20 month period, 29 patients (17
male) aged 19 to 84 (mean 60) years had removal of SF leads. Primary prevention was the indication
for defibrillator placement in 22 (75%) patients. Initial presentation was (a) inappropriate shock(s) in
13 (44%) PTs with 7 experiencing multiple (up to 27) shocks and (b) rising impedance of the leads in 16
(56%) PTs. CareLink remote monitoring detected rising impedance in one patient with only two days’
warning prior to extraction of the lead. Activation of alert system due to high impedance was the early
sign of lead failure in two PTs. Time from implant to SF lead removal ranged from 217 to 2021 (mean
773’353) days. 16 out of 24 (66%) PTs with multiple leads had successful removal of SF leads without a
need to revise other leads. Pericardial tamponade and pneumothorax occurred in two separate patients
as complications of lead removal and re-implantation. All PTs survived removal of SF leads. Duration
of hospital stay was 1 to 43 (mean 4’8) days. Post extraction lead analysis revealed no anomalies in
11 leads. In 5 out of 8 leads with proximal conductor fracture, inappropriate shock(s) was the clinical
presentation. Conclusions: Despite remote monitoring and alert system programming, inappropriate
shocks can still happen in patients with SF leads. Due to the potential of rapid progression from high
impedance and noise sensing to shock, early intervention is critical. Early extraction of failed SF leads at
experienced centers is a relatively safe procedure that can prevent inappropriate clinical consequences.
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The Effect of Immunosupression on Lower Extremity
Arterial Bypass Outcomes
P-CLIN-9
CYRUS DADACHANJI
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
Methods: The vascular surgery database at a single tertiary care center was retrospectively reviewed
to identify patients who underwent lower extremity bypass procedures. All patients with a history of
renal transplantation were selected for analysis (RT group). Bypass patients with dialysis-dependent
renal failure (RF group) were randomly selected as a matched control cohort. The primary endpoint was
amputation free survival. Continuous data was compared with an independent samples t-test, while
Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data comparison. Differences were considered significant for
p<0.05.
Results: There were 10 patients in the RT group and 11 in the RF group. There was no difference
between the groups with regard to age, indication for operation, or comorbidities. Patients were
operated on for severe claudicaction (n=2), rest pain (n=1), and tissue loss (n=16). One patient from
each group was operated on for acute arterial occlusion and subsequently excluded from analysis.
Vascular reconstruction for chronic peripheral vascular disease (PVD) yielded an amputation free
survival rate of 80% at 1 year for the RF group compared to only 22% in the RT group (p=0.023)
which corresponded exactly with primary patency at 1 year. Interestingly, vascular reconstruction on
the extremity ipsilateral to the allograft was required in 70% of the transplant patients; however, this
observation was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our results suggest a deleterious effect of immunosupression on outcome of lower
extremity bypass procedures at the doses required to prevent allograft rejection. This finding, which has
been scarcely reported, underscores the importance of pre-transplant PVD screening and reconstruction
when clinically indicated.
Scapulothoracic Motion and Muscle Activity during the Raising and
Lowering Phase of an Overhead Reaching Task
P-CLIN-10
BRYAN A. SPINELLI
D. David Ebaugh
Background/Purpose: Scapulothoracic muscle activity is essential for the production and control of
scapulothoracic motion and normal upper extremity function. While previous research has furthered
the understanding of scapulothoracic motion and muscle activity during the raising phase of motion,
a gap exists with respect to the lowering phase. Clinically abnormal scapulothoracic motion tends
to be more pronounced, and patients more painful during arm lowering. Studies that investigate
differences in scapulothoracic motion and muscle activity between arm raising and lowering in healthy
individuals would provide a foundation for better understanding abnormal scapulothoracic motion in
individuals with shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to compare scapulothoracic motion and
scapulothoracic muscle activity between the raising and lowering phases of an overhead reaching task.
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Objective: Myointimal hyperplasia is a pathologic result of the body’s natural inflammatory
response to blood vessel injury and a leading cause of early peripheral arterial bypass failure. Since
immunosupressive agents are known to abate inflammation, we hypothesized superior outcome of
lower extremity bypass in renal transplant patients compared to the hemodialysis population.
CLIN
Methods: Twenty individuals (10 female and 10 male) without a history of shoulder pain or pathology
volunteered to participate in the study (mean age = 22.5 years, SD = 3.4 years). Electromagnetic sensors
on the scapula, humerus, and thorax were used to collect 3-D scapulothoracic and glenohumeral
motion during the raising and lowering phases of scapular plane elevation. Surface electromyography
(EMG) was used to simultaneously assess muscle activity from the upper trapezius, lower trapezius,
and serratus anterior muscles. Scapulothoracic kinematic variables and EMG root mean square (RMS)
values were the dependent variables. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with
with-in factors of phase (raising and lowering) and arm angle (30°, 50°, 90°, 130°) was performed on
each dependent variable. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted using paired t-tests with Bonferonni
correction (p=.01).
Results: KINEMATICS: A significant phase by arm elevation angle interaction existed for scapular
external rotation, clavicular elevation, and scapular posterior tilt (p<.05). During the lowering phase
there was significantly more scapular external rotation (3.3°) and less clavicular elevation (1.7°) at
130° of arm elevation (p <.01). There was no significant difference in scapular posterior tilt between
the raising and lowering phases at any of the selected arm elevation angles. There was a significant
main effect of phase for clavicular retraction (p <.05). Collapsed across arm elevation angles, subjects
demonstrated greater clavicular retraction (1.7°) during the lowering phase of motion. EMG:
Significant main effects of phase and arm angle were noted for EMG activity of all muscles. During the
lowering phase there was a reduction in RMS EMG (40% - 62%) across all muscles.
Conclusions: Overall scapulothoracic motion was similar for the raising and lowering phases of
the overhead reaching task. However, significantly lower EMG amplitude values existed during
the lowering phase across all muscles. Less muscle activity during the lowering phase may reflect
differing neuromuscular control strategies between arm raising and lowering. These findings suggest
that scapulothoracic muscle activation levels during eccentric contractions may be closer to an
activation threshold below which their ability to control scapulothoracic motion may be compromised
subsequently leading to altered scapulothoracic motion (scapular dyskinesis). This provides a possible
explanation for why scapular dyskinesis is more notable during the lowering phase of motion.
Clinical Characteristics of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus versus
those of Staphylococcus aureus in Pacemaker and Implantable
Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infections
P-CLIN-11
DONG HEUN LEE
George Yesenosky, MD, Steven Kutalek, MD, Brandon Palermo, MD
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Background Coagulase-negative Staphyloccus (CoNS) and Staphylocccus aureus are the pathogens
most commonly involved in infections of permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implantable cardioverterdefibrillators (ICD). The clinical characteristics of these Gram-positive organisms are not well described.
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with PPM and
ICD infections caused by these pathogens. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients seen at a
tertiary hospital from 1991 to 2003 compared the clinical characteristics of PPM and ICD infections due
to S. aureus and CoNS. Local pocket infection was defined as signs of inflammation at the generator
pocket with positive results from a wound culture and negative results from a blood culture. Occult
bacteremia was defined as no signs of inflammation at the generator pocket but positive results from
blood cultures that resolved after device explantation. Results Of the146 patients who were evaluated,
63 patients were in the CoNS group and 83 were in S. aureus group. Patients with S. aureus infection
were older than those with CoNS (72 vs. 67 years, p = .05). No difference was observed in the onset
of infection after implantation or after the last manipulation in either group. Comorbid conditions
were similar in both groups. Fever and chills were more common presenting symptoms in the S. aureus
group (64% vs 33%, p = .05), whereas pocket erosions were more common in the CoNS group (38%
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Delivery of Encapsulated Doxorubicin for Sustained Intratumoral Release
by Localized Size Reduction of Polymeric Ultrasound Contrast Agents
P-CLIN-12
JOHN R. EISENBREY
Ultrasound contrast agents (CA) are comprised of gas microbubbles stabilized by a shell. The benefits of
ultrasound (US) and of CA cavitation to drug delivery are well documented and include an increase in
drug efficacy due to increases in both epithelium and cellular membrane permeabilities. Upon reaching
the desired site (generally a solid tumor) the agent is expected to undergo cavitation and rupture
under the focused US. Subsequently, CA cavitation, acoustic radiation forces, and the phenomenon
of enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR) is expected to increase tumor uptake of any
circulating nano-sized fragments that are produced, potentially providing a sustained, intratumoral
release of any drug associated with the fragments. A poly lactic acid (PLA) CA has been developed for
drug delivery containing doxorubicin (Dox) within the thickness of the shell (100-200 nm). This agent is
stable during circulation and shown to provide US contrast both in vitro and in vivo. The agents have
been optimized to encapsulate Dox within the shell, while maintaining high sensitivity to US. Prior
to sonication these agents have a mean diameter of 1.8 ‘m, restricting them to the vasculature until
they interact with US, after which they reach an average size of 200-400 nm in vitro. In vitro studies
have shown these Dox eluting species can be forced through 0.4 ‘m membranes during ultrasound
triggered generation, demonstrating feasibility for a PLA-Dox CA platform to deliver a sustained,
intratumoral dose of chemotherapeutic as the polymer degrades. In vitro studies have also shown these
CA become significantly more potent to cancer cells after sonication, nearly doubling the degree of
cell death compared to non-insonated CA (p=0.0272). In vivo imaging studies indicate that the agent
is easily detectable using Doppler US and penetrates well into the vasculature of solid tumors. Studies
using VX2 tumors in rabbit liver have shown the activated platform results in substantial increases in
intratumoral drug levels within the tumor with over a 100% increase in delivery efficiency compared to
the non-insonated platform (p=0.004). Additionally, encapsulation with the CA has shown to drastically
decrease toxicity within the healthy liver and blood pool relative to traditional chemotherapy or the
non-insonated platform. Drug elution rates of ruptured DOX-PLA CA and penetration of these species
through vascular membranes in vitro are currently being investigated. These results show promise for a
non-invasive platform of delivering drug-eluting species to the tumor interstitium.
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vs 18%, p = .05). Positive blood culture results were twice as common in the S. aureus group (75% vs
37%, p = .05); however, a positive result from a culture from the pocket wound was more common
in the CoNS group (86% vs. 64%, p = .05). S. aureus infection often presented with occult bacteremia
(17% vs 3%) or endocarditis (36% vs 27%), whereas localized pocket infection was more commonly
seen with CoNS infection (64% vs 25%, all p = .05). The S. aureus group took antibiotics for a longer
period (36 vs 22 days, p = .05). A trend toward higher mortality was noted in the S. aureus group, but
this result was not statistically significant (11 % vs 5%, p=0.23) Conclusions The results of this analysis
demonstrate different clinical characteristics of S. aureus and CoNS PPM and ICD infections. The patients
with S. aureus infections were more likely to have bacteremia and endocarditis associated with systemic
symptoms than were patients with CoNS infections. This difference may result in greater morbidity and
mortality with S. aureus infection and suggests that a more aggressive approach to the diagnosis and
treatment of possible cardiac device-related infection is needed when patients present with systemic
symptoms or bacteremia.
Fortification of Foods Using Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
P-CLIN-13
DENISE CACKOWSKI
CLIN
Emilie Hunt, Lisa Mullen, Rebecca Lapps
Biology
Consumption of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega 3 fatty acid, can be a difficult task to
accomplish due to the limited number of foods (such as canola oil and flaxseed) that contain high
concentrations of this nutrient. Although fatty fish are an excellent source of docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), also omega-3 fatty acids, eating fish twice a week may not
be appealing or economical for everyone. The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability
of an omega 3-fortified product (soft pretzel) on a convenience sample found at Drexel University. It
was hypothesized that the incorporation of ground flax seed into a soft pretzel would maintain an
acceptable product. A standard soft pretzel recipe was created and then altered to substitute ground
flax seed for 10% of the all-purpose flour. A survey instrument was constructed to evaluate participant
acceptability of the standard and flaxseed soft pretzels. This survey asked participants to rate overall
opinion, texture, flavor and appearance for each soft pretzel. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS
16.0. Results revealed that there was no significant difference between the two samples for any of
the conditions (overall opinion, texture, flavor and appearance). However, the results for appearance
approached significance, which was to be expected due to the color difference from the addition of
flax. The data suggest that the soft pretzel with ground flax seed was as acceptable as a regular soft
pretzel.
Social and Community Participation Among Children and Youth
with Cerebral Palsy
P-CLIN-14
KANG, LIN-JU
Palisano, Robert , Orlin, Margo, Chiarello, Lisa, Polansky, Marcia, Maggs, Jill
Background/Objectives: Successful participation in meaningful and intrinsically-motivated leisure
activities fosters social relationships and enhances physical and mental well-being. Children and youth
with cerebral palsy (CP) may experience restrictions in social engagement with friends and participation
in community-based activities. The aim of this study was to identify the activity domains and types
during which children and youth with CP experience more social and community participation.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A sample of convenience of 500 children and youth with CP 6
to 21 years old, 277 males (mean age=12.3+3.8) and 223 females (mean age=12.5+3.9), recruited from
six Shriners Hospitals for Children and Kluge Children’s Rehabilitation Center. The Children’s Assessment
of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) is a 55-item measure of participation in leisure and recreational
activities performed in the past 4 months. Each activity is categorized by domain (Formal and Informal)
and type (Recreational, Physical, Social, Skill-based, and Self-Improvement). In this study, the CAPE
was completed by interview with the child/youth with adult assistance when needed. Participants
reported With Whom and Where each activity was performed. For this study, With Whom refers to the
percentage of activities performed with friends and other non-family members (social participation)
and Where refers to the percentage of activities performed in the neighborhood, community, or
beyond (community participation). Differences in With Whom and Where scores between domains and
among activity types were examined by paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: Children
and youth performed more Formal activities than Informal activities with friends and others (p
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Prospective Cohort Study of Changes in Behaviors and Outcomes in
Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
P-CLIN-15
BENJAMIN LIU
Background: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is becoming an increasing medical and public health
concern within the United States. An estimated 5.2 million people are currently suffering from CHF
with an additional 550,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Though CHF is being studies to great detail,
there have been few studies that examine co-morbid conditions and other risk factors in relations to
adherence to treatment and quality of life. Objective: This study is designed to follow-up research
conducted one year previous - January 2008 - and examines new risk factors in relation to adherence
to treatment and quality of life in CHF patients. Over 125 patients living with CHF from Hahnemann
Hospital in Philadelphia, PA were enrolled for this study. Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort
study was conducted among CHF patients diagnosed at Hahnemann Hospital. Questionnaires aided in
the evaluation of patients’ adherence status (Patient Behavior Survey Questionnaire [PBS]) and quality
of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]). Results: Preliminary results have
shown that higher scores on the PBS resulted in improved adherence to treatment, while higher MLFHQ
scores displayed a lower quality of life. Finalized results will be completed at the conclusion of the
study in April 2009. Conclusion: More research must be conducted in order to teach patients suffering
from CHF methods to improve adherence to treatment, resulting in an improved quality of life. Positive
outcomes for quality of life will be accomplished by establishing a behavior change for patients to
adhere to medical recommendations and treatments.
Urine Iodide Excretion: A New Breast Cancer Screening Test in
Pre-Menopausal Women
P-CLIN-16
BRIAN HAMZAVI
College of Medicine
TITLE: Urine Iodide Excretion: A New Breast Cancer Screening Test in Pre Menopausal Women AUTHORS:
Hamzavi, B.; Georgiadis, C.; Eskin, B. A.; Brooks, A. D.; Abraham, G. E. Background: Abstract Body: There
is a growing body of literature regarding the role of molecular Iodine and Iodide in breast physiology.
Not only is Iodine essential in breast milk for the developing baby, iodine appears to be important
in breast cell proliferation and possibly carcinogenesis. We sought to determine if breast pathology
could be predicted using a simple urine test for Iodide level. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 326
women presenting to an outpatient breast clinic with a range of breast related complaints. Following
informed consent and an initial questionnaire, urine samples were obtained and sent for analysis.
Urine Iodide levels (mg/dl) were quantified using an Iodide selective electrode technique. Statistical
analysis was performed using t-test and Chi square where appropriate. Results: The mean age of the
women enrolled was 46 years (range 15-91). The mean age of the pre menopausal group was 34 years
(n=180, range 15-68) and post menopausal group was 60 (n=146, range 31-91) .Urine Iodide level was
significantly lower in the pre-menopausal group than the post menopausal group (0.1 vs. 0.14 p
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Amyloidoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
P-CLIN-17
LARRY C. DAUGHERTY
Jared Johnston, Brandon Fisher, M.D., Mike Wong, M.D.
College of Medicine
CLIN
Amyloidoma neoplasms are seen as the localized deposition of amyloid tissue in the absence of
systemic amyloidosis. Amyloidoma neoplasms are a rare presentation of amyloid tissue deposition,
yet amyloidomas have been described in nearly all tissue types found throughout the body. Definitive
treatment for amyloidomas has largely been surgical in nature and is associated with low incidence of
tumor recurrence. We report a case of recurrent amyloidoma refractory to multiple attempts at surgical
resection.
Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Novel Case Report and Dosimetric Analysis
Of Sternal Manubrium Involvement After Definitive Mastectomy,
Chemotherapy, and Radiotherapy
P-CLIN-18
BRANDON FISHER
College of Medicine
42-year-old woman, originally diagnosed in 2003 with a stage IIIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the
right breast in 2003. At that time, the lesion measured 7 x 5 x 3 cm, grade 2, invasive ductal carcinoma
from the right breast. Furthermore, metastatic disease was found in the sentinel lymph nodes and
1/4 nodes were positive for malignancy. She underwent bilateral mastectomy followed by adjuvant
chemotherapy and chest wall radiation to the right chest wall and draining lymphatics, which was
completed in July 2003. Since that time, Ms. Lessack has done quite well. Unfortunately, on PET/CT in
November 2008, there was an area of metabolic activity identified at the area of the manubrium just
to the right of midline. This was biopsied on 12/02/2008 and proved positive for metastatic mammary
carcinoma. To treat this sternal manubrium lesion we used 3D conformal radiation to deliver a total
of 60 Gy to the area of recurrence, which was solitary. The primary portion of her treatment was
delivered using a mixed beam, combination of photons and electrons to the depth of manubrium.
Multiple radiation plans were review by dosimetry to best cover the tumor bed while sparing the skin,
lung, and spinal cord. Plans reviewed included, electron only, photon only, vs. photon wedge pair, and
finally a combination of photons and electrons. In this case report we will review the multiple different
dosimetric plans using isodose lines grids in order to stress the importance of highly scrutinized
dosimetric analysis when using CT scan guided radiation planning.
Educational Opportunities in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Parental
Attitude and Perceptions of CPR
P-CLIN-19
ADAM D. BAROUH
College of Medicine
Clinical: Emergency Medicine
Background: The incidence of sudden pediatric death in the United States is approximately 6,000 per
year. Over 30% of these deaths are of cardiac etiology. CPR training efforts have thus far failed to
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focus on parents/guardians of children. The 2006 American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations
encourage universal training in CPR in an effort to improve bystander-initiated CPR. With the increasing
utilization of pediatric emergency departments (PED) across the country, the PED may serve as an
opportune place to train parents/guardians in CPR.
Objective: To describe the caregivers’ attitudes towards CPR education, offered in a PED, while waiting
for completion of their child’s care.
Results: 237 caregivers (82% mothers) completed the survey. The mean age of the caregiver’s child was
5.2 years (50.4% males). Ninety-five percent of caregivers lived in the same household as the child.
Seventy-eight percent of caregivers completed high school and/or obtained an advanced degree.
Mean interest level (1-10) across all caregivers in CPR education was 7.17. A decreased interest in
CPR education (5.68) was seen if CPR teaching prolonged waiting time in the PED (p<0.001). Previous
training in CPR had no effect on interest in CPR education (p=0.80). Eighty-one percent of caregivers
would be willing to spend up to one hour learning CPR in the PED. Caregivers strongly agree (average:
8.79) that they would be able to perform CPR in their community after receiving CPR training in
the PED. They also agree (average: 7.69) that they would thereby make a positive impact on the
community in which they live. By learning CPR in the PED, caretakers felt that they would become more
comfortable caring for sick children (7.96).
Conclusions: The PED is a venue where caregivers have significant interest in learning CPR while they
wait for completion of their child’s care. If instituted in the PED, CPR training would reach populations
largely missed by previous AHA efforts, thereby significantly advancing the AHA’s goal of universal CPR
training.
Improvement in Patterns of Trunk Movement in a Patient with
Low Back Pain
P-CLIN-20
SCOTT A. BIELY
Austin Ream, PT, DPT, Sheri P. Silfies, PhD, PT
Background & Purpose: Treatment-Based Classification (TBC) is used to classify patients with mechanical
low back pain (MLBP). One TBC category is Stabilization. Hicks et al (2005) identified aberrant trunk
movement patterns as one criterion for classifying patients into the Stabilization category. Our work
revealed that aberrant movement patterns, specifically reversal of lumbopelvic rhythm (LPR), could be
observed clinically and measured using instrumented motion analysis. This report provides an example
of evidence-based practice combined with clinically applied biomechanical measures. The purposes are
to demonstrate the: 1) classification, intervention and outcomes for a patient with MLBP, 2) relationship
between clinical observation and instrumented motion analysis for assessment of trunk movement
patterns and 3) changes in trunk movement patterns post intervention. Case Description: A 39 y.o.
old male referred with recurrent MLBP. Current episode started 8 months ago with residual, stable,
left lumbar and medial thigh pain (2/10). Oswestry score 12%. Trunk flexion range was unrestricted,
but single and repeated flexion in standing intensified thigh pain. Extension in standing and prone
centralized the pain. Reversal in LPR was seen during trunk flexion. Segmental mobility was increased
and painful at L4. Prone instability test was positive. Based on the TBC algorithm, patient was initially
classified in Extension Specific-Exercise. At 2 weeks (4 visits), his pain centralized (2/10), but he still
presented with aberrant movement and a positive prone instability test. He was then reclassified in
Stabilization. Initial treatment consisted of extension exercises and posture education. As leg symptoms
resolved, he began a progressive series of stabilization exercises. Overall number of visits in 5 weeks was
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Design/Methods: A survey, measuring interest in CPR education, using a 10-point Likert scale, was
administered to caregivers of children presenting to an urban, tertiary care PED over a three-month
period.
CLIN
8. Instrumented Motion Analysis: An electromagnetic tracking unit (30Hz) captured thoracic, lumbar,
and pelvic motion during flexion and return pre and post intervention. Data were converted to angular
motions. Hip movement was plotted against lumbar spine movement to create angle-angle plots.
These plots illustrated coordination between segments. The angle-angle plot for hip versus lumbar
spine motion was consistent with observation of a reversal of LPR. Discussion: Patient was pain free
(0/10) with no functional limitations (Oswestry 0%) at discharge. No aberrant trunk movements were
observed. Prone instability test was negative. Angle-angle plots created at discharge revealed normal
LPR. The TBC guided intervention led to positive outcomes in 5 weeks. Given the 8 month history of
pain and the short treatment period, this intervention likely contributed to reduced pain and improved
trunk control leading to restoration of normal LPR. Furthermore, the kinematics data matched the
clinical observations and helped to characterize the coordination between the hips and lumbar spine.
Instrumented motion analysis could be a useful tool for validating clinical observations of trunk control
and for gauging the effectiveness of interventions.
Semi-Automated Image Analysis of Wounds for
Objective Clinical Assessment
P-CLIN-21
XIANG MAO
The main traditional indicator of healing in a wound is decrease in size, a highly subjective
measurement varying due to methodologies and observers. The latest recommendations of the Wound
Healing Society (December 2006) suggest that if by week 4 there is no consistent decrease in wound
size, the course of treatment must be changed. However, current methods of evaluating wound size,
such as ruler-based measurement, transparency measurements or inconsistent digital images, may
compromise decisions based on inaccurate information and be time consuming. Analysis of digital
wound images using computer algorithms provides a promising solution to this issue. Currently no fullyautomatically program is available to achieve this goal due to the complexity of human chronic wound.
We have obtained cross polarized images of wounds from diabetic animals and human subjects and
developed a semi-automatic algorithm that can detect wound area with minimal human intervention.
We applied thresholding and pixel-wise comparison segmentation methods in multiple color channels
and combined the results from each color channel to get final wound boundary. The algorithm
recognizes wound area with acceptable precision, describes the healing process in a quantitative way,
and prepares an image for further analysis on wound shape and color.
The Trends in Artwork of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease
P-CLIN-22
SARAH ABRAMOVITZ
Creative Arts in Therapy
The purpose of this cross-sectional pilot study is to correlate the formal elements of images drawn by
individuals with Alzheimer’s disease to the progression of each stage of the disease. In art therapy
imagery in the artwork is understood as a form of cognition and communication as authentic as
verbal language. The imagery captures the whole of the individual’s psychological experience while
utilizing regions and functions of the brain different from those which produce verbal language. It
is hypothesized that by exploring the imagery produced in drawings of those individuals in different
stages of AD will enhance their cognition and communication resulting in quality of life treatment
decisions. The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS; Gantt & Tabone, 1998) was used to rate two
different drawings created by 10 individuals in different stages of AD over age 65. The FEATS utilizes
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14 different scales looking at art elements and cognitive processing. The study is still in progress and no
conclusions have been made.
LCL-Grafts(TM): Toxicity of polyurethane vascular graft implants
P-CLIN-23
ANDREW S. WU
Introduction: Gore-Tex bypass grafts are largely being used as an appropriate and successful method
for revascularization of arteries >5mm. Attempts to develop a small diameter synthetic artery graft (<5
mm in diameter) for bypass operations or arterio-venous fistulas have been unsuccessful largely due
to thromboembolic complications. We have developed the “LCL GraftTM”, a small diameter vascular
graft made of polyurethane with properties designed to enhance endothelial cell attachment and limit
thrombosis. We first needed to assess the toxicity and degradation of the LCL grafts in vivo.
Methods: Separate Gore-Tex and polyurethane implants, both 1 x 1 centimeter in size, were implanted
into the subcutaneous tissue in a rat. Eight groups of rats with 5 rats per group were studied. The
groups represented rats to be harvested at eight time points after implantation (3, 7, and 14 days; and
1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). During harvest, each implant was dissected and removed with surrounding
tissue for histological analysis.
Results: To date, two of the rat groups have been harvested and analyzed (3 and 7 day implantations).
All 10 of the Gore-Tex implants cause normal local tissue inflammation with minor tissue inflammatory
response (neutrophil infiltration and presence of granulocytes). All 10 of the polyurethane implants also
exhibit normal tissue inflammation but have increased inflammation and neutrophil infiltration at the
junction of the graft and subcutaneous tissue relative to the Gore-Tex implants.
Conclusions: Initial histological analysis of the LCL graft implants show increased local inflammation
relative to the Gore-Tex implants though are still consistent with normal tissue reaction to foreign body
implantations. LCL graft toxicity is not significantly different from Gore-Tex grafts and can be safely
used as a graft substitute. Further analysis of the remaining harvest time points will yield results to
elucidate the toxicity of the LCL grafts in vivo.
CPAP Does Not Result in Improvement of Functional Bowel Disorders
in OSA Patients
P-CLIN-24
WENDY MIKULSKI
Seth Kaufer, Thomas Coyne, Joanne Getsy, James Reynolds, Asyia Ahmad
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic
nervous system (SNS) which can lead to an increased risk of diseases such as CVA and HTN. These
consequences are known to improve with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in as little
as one month. We previously showed that GI dysmotility symptoms are common in OSA patients, which
may be due to SNS over-activity. AIM: To determine if untreated OSA patients’ GI symptoms improve
after successful treatment with CPAP. METHODS: We mailed the Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire
for the Adult Functional GI Disorders (80 questions) to patients between the ages of 18-85, who had
a positive sleep study at the Drexel University Sleep Center, after they had undergone therapy with
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Anat Perets, Vanlila Swami, Kimberly A. Wasko, Peter I. Lelkes, Ari D. Brooks
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
CLIN
CPAP for a period of at least 4 months. All patients had answered the same questionnaire prior to
CPAP initiation. Patients were excluded from the study if they were not using the CPAP apparatus for a
standard acceptable period of time. RESULTS: Forty-five of the initial 66 patients who were diagnosed
with and treated for OSA were mailed the follow-up questionnaire, and 14 patients (31%) responded.
One patient was excluded because she did not tolerate her CPAP. Of these patients, the most common
diagnoses elicited prior to treatment included IBS (31%), constipation (23%) and GERD (7%). None of
these patients with a prior diagnosis of a functional GI disorder had any symptom improvement after
treatment with CPAP. Ten of the 13 (77%) patients developed new GI disorders after being on CPAP. The
most common diagnoses of patients on CPAP included IBS (4/13), unspecified functional bowel disorder
(4/13), constipation (3/13), bloating (3/13), fecal incontinence (3/13), dysphagia (3/13), and excessive
belching (3/13). CONCLUSIONS: Our prior study revealed an increase in dysmotility disorders in patients
with OSA. In this study, there was no improvement in GI symptoms after patients are treated for OSA
with CPAP. In fact, we found an increase in functional bowel disorders in these treated patients. This
finding could suggest that positive airway pressure leads to swallowed air and potential worsening of
GI symptoms, which may negate advantages of reversing SNS overdrive. Physicians should be aware of
the vast array of functional GI disorders that exist in both untreated and treated OSA patients.
Using MARP, DP and PRP to Measure Postural Coordination
P-CLIN-25
ANNE K. GALGON
Patricia A. Shewokis
Characterizing postural coordination strategies is important in understanding how the postural system
is regulated during functional movements. This presentation describes the methods used to calculate
mean absolute relative phase (MARP), deviation phase (DP) and point-estimate relative phase (PRP)
and compares their utility in measuring postural coordination with in a serial reaching tasks. Kinematic
data from seven healthy adults (2 males, 5 females; mean age of 25 + 3 years), who practice a serial
reaching task 300 times over 3 session were utilized for the comparison. MARP and DP are derived
from continuous relative phase time series representing the relationship between two body segments
or joints during movements. MARP is a single measure used to quantify the coordination pattern and
DP measures the stability of the coordination pattern. PRP also quantifies coordination patterns by
measuring the relationship between the timing of maximal or minimal angular displacements of two
joints within cycles of movement. We will discuss the strengths and limitations of using MARP and DP
and compare MARP and DP to PRP measures in the context of assessing postural coordination patterns
in a serial reaching task.
Child Engagement in Daily Life among Young Children with Cerebral Palsy
P-CLIN-26
HUI-JU CHANG
Move and PLAY study team
Background / Objective: Engagement in play and self-care are occupations of young children that
contribute to development. The purposes of this study were to understand participation, enjoyment of
participation, self care ability, and ease of caregiving for young children with cerebral palsy and explore
differences based on children’s age and gross motor ability.
Methods: A convenience sample of 240 children with cerebral palsy, 17 to 58 months of age (M=37.4,
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Results: On average, children participated once in a while to often and enjoyed participation very
much. In self-care they required constant help to help for part of the activity and caregivers reported
little to no difficulty in helping their children. Children in the oldest age group participated more often
than children in the younger two age groups and enjoyed their participation more than the youngest
age group (p<.01). Children in GMFCS level V participated less than children in levels I and II and
enjoyed their participation less than children in levels I (p<.01). Children in the oldest age group were
the most independent in self-care, followed by children in the middle age group (p<.01), with children
in the youngest age group being the least independent in self-care. Parents of children in all age groups
reported similar levels of ease of caregiving for their children. Children in GMFCS level I were more
independent in self-care and children in level V were more dependent (p<.001). Caregivers reported
higher ease of care giving for children in GMFCS level I (p<.01).
Conclusions / Significance: Participation of children with cerebral palsy in play and self-care activities
differed according to their age and motor ability. Knowledge of participation in play and self-care may
provide professionals and family with appropriate reference for goal setting and intervention.
Leg Stiffness In Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP):
A Methodological Research
P-CLIN-27
SIRINART LAIBSIRINON
Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs early in life
and affects motor abilities such as walking. Children with CP have walking patterns which are different
from those without CP, in part, due to impairments such as muscle weakness that result from the CNS
damage. Current research suggests that children with CP may rely on using elastic energy return in their
legs in order to be able to walk, substituting for the lack of sufficient muscle force that is a consequence
of the CP. The leg can be modeled as having spring characteristics. Stiffness of the leg spring is the
property of overall neuromuscular tissue to store and return elastic energy during motion. Stiffness is
defined as a resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force. If children with CP rely
more on elastic return energy during walking, it can be hypothesized that leg stiffness of children
with CP should be higher than those of children with typical development (TD). In adults, increased
leg stiffness has been associated with injuries during running. The level of leg stiffness in children with
TD and children with CP has never been studied. The purpose of this pilot project was to quantify the
level of leg stiffness of children with TD and diplegic CP, (those who have involvement of both lower
extremities) during walking.
Method: Five children with spastic diplegic CP receiving care at Shriners Hospital for Children in
Philadelphia were recruited into the study. This study was approved by the Temple University and Drexel
University Institutional Review Boards. Five children with TD were matched as closely as possible by age
and height. Three-dimensional, computer-based motion analysis (VICON, Oxford Metrics, London, UK)
with 8 video cameras and 4 AMTI force plates (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Newton, MA)
were used for data collection. All participants were asked to walk along a 12-meter walkway at selfselected speed. At least three gait cycles of left and right legs were collected. Leg stiffness (kleg) was
calculated from maximum vertical ground reaction force (Fmax) divided by change in vertical leg length
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SD=11.1), 53% males and 47% females, and their caregivers, primarily parents, participated in the
study across the U.S. and Canada. Children’s gross motor function varied across Gross Motor Functional
Classification System (GMFCS) levels. All parents completed the Child Engagement in Daily Life Measure,
developed by the research team. The questionnaire contains 30-items and consists of four parts: 1)
participation of the child in family / community life and leisure / recreational activities, 2) enjoyment of
participation, 3) self-care ability, and 4) ease of care-giving. Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale.
The children’s GMFCS level was determined by reliable assessors. Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to
determine differences among 3 age groups (17-30, 31-42, and 43-60 months), and 5 GMFCS levels.
during walking (?L). A custom-written LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) program was used
for data post-processing and calculation of leg stiffness. Data were analyzed by SPSS version16 using
independent sample t tests with an alpha level = .05.
CLIN
Results: There were no differences in age, and height or leg length between children with CP and
children with TD (p>0.05). On average, children with CP walked slower than children with TD (1.03 ‘0.24
m/s and 1.25 ‘0.08 m/s, respectively) although this was not statistically different. Two t-tests compared
the left and right legs separately between groups. Leg stiffness of children with CP was not different
from children with TD (p>0.05). However, descriptive analysis shows a trend of higher leg stiffness
(kN/m) of children with CP compared to those of children with TD (CP; right leg = 8.38’3.12 kN/m, left
leg = 7.77’1.91 kN/m and TD; right leg = 5.63’1.02 kN/m, left leg = 5.51’1.21 kN/m). Discussion &
Conclusion: The trend of higher leg stiffness in children with CP compared to children with TD appears
to be consistent with the assumption that children with CP may rely on elastic energy return properties
during walking. Some limitations of this pilot study must be addressed. The model used to calculate
stiffness needs more validation with a larger number of pediatric subjects before it can be applied
clinically. The sample size was small and the variability for children with CP was high. Other factors
that may be associated with walking capacity of children with CP were not addressed yet including the
degree of impairments such as spasticity and weakness of muscles in lower extremities. Leg stiffness
may represent another variable to consider when analyzing force producing activities like walking and
running in children.
The Factor Structure of Semantic Knowledge
P-CLIN-28
KELLY JONES
Psychology
Objective. This study examined the internal consistency, item intercorrelation and factor structure of
four tests of semantic knowledge, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), The Williams Picture
Vocabulary Test (WPVT) and the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)
and the WAISR-NI. Semantic knowledge was defined as knowledge of word meanings. This cognitive
ability is usually examined using free-recall vocabulary tests, such as the Vocabulary from the WAIS or
recognition tests, such as the PPVT and WPVT. Method. Subjects were recruited from the undergraduate
classes of Drexel University. The study was reviewed and approved by the Drexel Institutional Review
Board. The sample (n=103) included 36 Males and 67 Females. This study compared these testing
formats using internal consistency reliability studies, Rausch difficulty studies and factor analysis. The
subjects were administered at least two of the tests and correlation coefficients were rendered from
these scores. The coefficients were the basis for factor analysis. The other analyses were performed on
individual tests with subsets of this sample. Results. Analyses suggested that these tests have a very
high degree of internal consistency and factorial integrity. In contrast to the recall tests, recognition
tests have a greater range of difficulty, greater reliability and better factorial integrity. Conclusions.
Since recall formats have lower reliability, they are difficult to score and take more time to administer,
this study suggest that recall formats should be replaced by recognition studies. For example, the
recognition format of the WAISR-NI should replace the recall format used by the standard WAIS-III.
These studies also suggest that picture vocabulary tests are the most efficient measures of semantic
knowledge and the next revision of the WAIS would benefit from inclusion of a picture vocabulary
format.
130
Vaginal Diazepam Suppository Use in the Treatment of High Tone
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
P-CLIN-29
MATTHEW ROGALSKI
High tone pelvic floor dysfunction (HTPFD) is characterized by hypertonus of the levator ani complex,
and pain upon attempted squeeze or palpation of the pelvic floor musculature. This condition is
frequently comorbid with hypersensitivity disorders of the bladder, bowel, and vulva, as well as sexual
dysfunction. The traditional treatment for HTPFD is pelvic floor physical therapy(1). Oral Diazepam,
known for it antispasmodic activity, has been successfully used for muscular hypertonus. High tone
pelvic floor dysfunction has been shown to contribute to dyspareunia, interstitial cystitis (IC) (2),
urethral syndrome (3), male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (4), vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS)(5),
generalized vulvodynia (6), urinary incontinence and defecatory disorders. Although transvaginal
palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength has been found to be internally consistent, reproducible
and reliable, data demonstrates poor interrater reliability. Objective measurements of pelvic floor
muscle strength, such as perineometry, sEMG, and perineal ultrasound, have been tested and found
to be consistent in providing evidence of contractions, though none of them assessed true strength
(8). Perineometry has shown reliability as good or better than vaginal palpation rating scales, such
as the Brink scale (9); hence we have also elected to use this as a measure the response of the pelvic
floor musculature to diazepam suppository treatment. It must be noted that perineometry has been
validated in the evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength not hypertonus and that at this time there is
no validated exam technique or objective measurement for evaluating pelvic floor hypertonus. We used
a modified oxford scale that we routinely use in our practice to evaluate and communicate pelvic floor
hypertonus (10). Recently, vaginal diazepam, a benzodiazepine drug derivative, has been used as an
adjunctive treatment for HTPFD in conjunction with the usual therapeutic regimen in our office. It has
previously been a useful therapy for the relief of reflexive skeletal muscle spasm due to local pathology
(such as inflammation of muscles or joints, or due to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron
disorders (such as cerebral palsy or paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Four patients were
followed with physical exam and perineometry over several visits for range of 2-6 months. For all
patients, pain on physical palpation of the levator ani resolved during the treatment phase with vaginal
diazepam suppositories in addition to the usual treatment algorithm of pelvic floor physical therapy
and intramuscular anti-inflammatories. Perineometry scores as a measure of levator muscular tonic and
contractile strength were improved in 3/4 patients with an average of 6.2/-5/8.3 cm H2O pressure. Visual
Analog Scale testing for sexual pain showed an average improvement of 5.8 (range 2-8) during the
treatment time on a 1-10 scale. The results of this adjuvant treatment are promising; a larger sample
size, specifically as will be examined in a forthcoming placebo-controlled crossover trial, will help to
elucidate diazepam’s true treatment effect for this condition.
Case Report: Radiation-Induced Rectal Cancer
P-CLIN-30
MICHAEL WONG
College of Medicine
Radiation-induced malignancy is a very rare, but important phenomenon. As early as 1936, very early
in therapeutic radiotherapy, the Cahan Criteria for radiation-induced malignancies was reported: 1)
The malignancy must arise within a previously treated field. 2) The malignancy must be histologically
proven. 3) A latency period of a minimum of five years must be present. While it is impossible to
definitively prove whether a cancer is “caused” by radiation, the Cahan criteria still stands as the best
standard for evaluating whether a malignancy is potentiall caused by radiotherapy. We report a case
of a male patient treated for prostate cancer with external beam radiotherapy, then a new diagnosis
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College of Medicine
of rectal cancer six years later. All Cahan criteria were met, thus, it is likely this is a radiation-induced
malignancy.
Treatment of Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Catheter-Directed
Thrombolytic Therapy in a First Trimester Pregnancy: 2 Case Reports
P-CLIN-31
KAI SCHLINGMANN
CLIN
Timothy P Maroney, MD, Bilal Muitaba, MD, Alice S Chen, MD
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiology
ABSTRACT Purpose To present two unusual case patients in their first trimester of pregnancy who
successfully underwent catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy without fetal demise. Case Report
Patient A, a 25-year-old woman, presented with severe respiratory distress after an episode of syncope.
Contrast-enhanced CT of patient A revealed a large thrombus in the main right pulmonary artery and
a smaller thrombus in the left lower pulmonary artery. Alteplase, a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
was directly infused after clot fragmentation using pigtail catheters was unsuccessful. Steady intraarterial tPA was continued to allow for further clot dissolution. Total tPA infused was 38.4 mg. Patient
B, a 26-year-old woman, presented with acute shortness of breath. CTA of patient B showed a large
saddle embolism extending from the main pulmonary arteries into the segmental arteries of the upper
and lower lobes bilaterally. Alteplase was directly infused and again followed with the intra-arterial tPA
treatment. Total tPA infused was 26.4 mg. Results Both patients had complete resolution of symptoms
within 42 and 48 hours, respectively. There was a marked improvement of blood flow in both patients.
One week after tPA treatment, fetal ultrasounds demonstrated viable intrauterine fetuses. Discussion
Low-dose, catheter-directed, thrombolysis can be a safe, rapidly effective treatment for severely
compromised pulmonary embolism patients during pregnancy.
Recurrent Keloid Treatment: A Case Report
P-CLIN-32
PRESTON CHADWICK
College of Medicine
Keloids are progressively enlarging scars due to excessive collagen deposition during tissue repair
beyond the original site of injury. Several methods for the treatment of keloid scarring have been
employed with varying outcomes. A 50-year-old female patient is presented the recurrent keloids,
particularly of the right pinna and jaw line. The initial treatment followed a three-modal therapy
of excision, corticosteroid injection and radiotherapy. Following the removal of sutures the patient
underwent additional radiotherapy. The results of the combined treatment are reported.
132
Single Port Access (SPA’) Hysterectomy in a Teaching Institution:
Comparison of Single Port to Traditional Multiport Laparoscopy
P-CLIN-33
JESSICA A. SHEPHERD
Study Objective: To compare laparoscopy-assisted hysterectomies done by Single Port Access (SPA’)
to those who underwent traditional multiport procedures Design: Retrospective analysis Setting:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Drexel University- Philadelphia, PA Patients or Participants:
Eighteen women who presented for hysterectomies between January 1, 2007 and March 20, 2008.
Interventions: All women underwent with laparoscopic assisted hysterectomy (TLH, LAVH) with Single
Port Access or traditional multiport laparoscopic hysterectomy. Three trocars were placed through three
separate skin incisions. Standard TLH or LAVH were performed. Eight (8) patients underwent Single
Port Access (SPA) hysterectomy utilizing a single incision within the umbilicus. In these patients, three
5mm trocars were all inserted through separate fascial sites within the single skin incision (< 18mm).
Utilization of a clear central trocar allows for direct visualization of insertion of the two laterally
placed low profile trocars. This “SPA” arrangement provides “indepence of movement” of the three
trocars and subsequently the camera and instruments introduced. This allows for the entire procedure,
both TLH and LAVH, to be performed in the standard fashion similar to the multiport technique.
Tissue sealing devices are used for vessel control. In both groups the cuff was closed transvaginally.
Measurements & Main Results: Information was collected on demographics, height and weight, surgical
history, length of procedure, estimated blood loss, and complications. Indications for surgery included
cancer, adenomyosis and fibroids. Mean operative time in the SPA group was 206 minutes (120 - 297).
Mean blood loss was 181cc (Minimal to 500cc). These were similar to the multiport group which was
227cc for blood loss and 250 minutes for operative time. These results were reported for LAVH and
TLH. Postoperative coures were similar for both groups. Conclusion: This first interim analysis of a large
university setting study observed the differences between traditional laparoscopic cases and single
port access hysterectomies. This retrospective study adds evidence to the feasibility of the single port
access hysterectomy as a technique that is highly recommended for hysterectomy and other gynecologic
procedures as it offers improved cosmetics with only one hidden incision (< 18mm) within the umbilicus.
Single Port Access (SPA) Surgery: 30 Case Applications
in Gynecologic Oncology
P-CLIN-34
MINDA A. GREEN
Stephanie King, MD, Paul Curcillo II, MD
College of Medicine
Objective: To introduce Single Port Access (SPA) Surgery, a new minimal access technique, in gynecologic
oncology surgery. Design: 30 cases featuring a new laparoscopic technique utilizing a single incision
in the umbilicus during standard gynecologic oncology surgical procedures. Setting: Gynecologic
oncology practice in an academic teaching institution. Patients: Thirty women who underwent
standard surgical procedures in gynecologic oncology, including oophorectomy, hysterectomy, omental
resection, diaphragmatic biopsy, appendectomy and nodal dissection. Interventions: Traditionally,
laparoscopic procedures in gynecology are performed using 3-4 ports. Single port access (SPA) surgery
allows for procedures to be performed through one umbilical incision. Our technique involves
creating pneumoperitoneum with a Veress needle. A single, clear 5mm trocar is inserted under direct
visualization into the umbilical incision. Suprafascial flaps are raised within the umbilical incision,
and two 5mm low profile trocars (Apple Medical) are subsequently placed lateral to the umbilical
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Stephanie King MD, Paul Curcillo MD
College of Medicine
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trocar within the same incision. The laparascopic procedure is then performed in usual fashion. The
individual trocars in the SPA arrangement allow for “independence of motion” of the standard
rigid instrumentation, tissue sealing devices and occasional high dexterity instrumentation used
for dissection. This technique enables the procedures to be performed using standard methods of
dissection through a single incision. The fascia and skin incisions at the umbilicus are then closed
after removal of the specimen. Measurements & Main Results: The entire procedure is performed
through a single incision (average length 12-25mm) hidden in the umbilicus. Our single port access
procedures and results are comparable to standard minimally invasive approaches in terms of operative
time, postoperative course and blood loss. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrate a novel minimal
access technique. The SPA approach allows similar dissection to currently practiced laparoscopic
techniques with currently available standard instrumentation. This technique is now proven successful
in gynecologic oncology surgery. In addition, the solitary surgical incision is hidden in the umbilicus
creating a better cosmetic result.
Hydatid Cysts Case Presentation
P-CLIN-35
ZAINAB ALNOOR
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
45year old Moroccan immigrant present with 3-4 month history of epigastric and left lower abdominal
pain, nausea and vomiting. Patient’s Ultrasound, CT, and MRI showed a cystic mass in the right upper
quadrant that involveds the liver, and possibly the kidney. Patient undergoes resection of the mass
which grossly and pathologically appears to be a hydatid cyst.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Hip Pathology and Athletic Pubalgia
P-CLIN-36
GOLNAZ ALEMI
College of Medicine
Clinical: Surgery
The incidence of career-threatening hip and pelvis injuries in amateur and professional athletes is
poorly understood. The gamut of such injuries that afflict this patient population is extensive. One way
to think about injuries of the anterior pelvis is to consider injuries that occur inside and outside of the
hip joint. In a large practice of patients referred for ‘sports hernia’, we have encountered many patients
with hip pathology. The diagnosis and management of these patients can be tricky considering the
overlap of symptoms and signs . As a first step in analyzing these patients, we decided to determine
the incidence of hip pathology as well as the incidence of simultaneous hip pathology and athletic
pubalgia within this large clinical practice. Significant progress has occurred in the diagnosis of both
types of injuries during the past three years. While history and physical examination remains the gold
standard for diagnosis of athletic pubalgia, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques now
have a 91% accuracy in making these diagnoses. Likewise, history and physical examination still remain
important for diagnosis of hip pathology, but MR-arthrography has become more useful , particularly
when combined with the ‘sensorcaine test.’ Therefore, the purpose of this study was threefold: 1)
to identify the number of patients diagnosed with both hip pathology and athletic pubalgia; 2) to
investigate potential epidemiologic associations such as gender, age, level of competition or sport; and
if correlations were identified, 3) to propose potential reasons for these correlations.
134
Characteristics of Early Geographic Atrophy in the Complications of Agerelated Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial (CAPT)
P-CLIN-37
HILARY SMOLEN
Purpose: To characterize incident geographic atrophy (GA) and to measure changes in its size, location
and conformation as detected by annual stereoscopic color photographs and fluorescein angiograms
(FAs). Methods: Annual photographs and FAs were reviewed from an initial sample of 41 from 306 CAPT
patients (bilateral large drusen at baseline) previously identified by the CAPT Reading Center as having
developed GA in the untreated eye. Geographic atrophy was defined by the presence of either pigment
change on color film or hyperfluorescence on FA and at least one other characteristic indicative of RPE
involution such as marked concavity when viewed in stereo, visible choroidal vessels or sharp edges. No
minimum size criterion was imposed. ImageJ software was used to measure the size and distance from
the fovea of individual GA lesions on digitized color images. When photo quality was poor, FA was used
to determine the borders of GA. 30 patients had =3 visits for assessing growth. Lesions were measured
by a single grader after results from an inter-grader reliability study of 25 eyes yielded excellent
results for both total and individual lesion area (intra-class correlation=0.992, both measures). Results:
Among eyes with =2 years of follow-up for GA, the mean total GA area was 0.53mm2 at first detection,
0.87mm2 at 1 year and 1.29mm2 at 2 years. The mean individual lesion area was 0.27mm2 at detection,
0.35mm2 at 1 year, and 0.47mm2 at 2 years. GA initially presented as a single lesion in 23 (77%) of 30
eyes and as multiple lesions (2-8) in the remaining eyes. Over 2 years, 43% of patients maintained their
baseline number of lesions, 27% developed additional lesions, and 27% had lesions merge. Among
all lesions measured, the median size at initial presentation was 0.22mm2 (0.12 DA) and the average
distance from the fovea was 0.74mm. The smallest lesion identified as GA with certainty was 0.05mm2.
Conclusions: With reference to FAs, incident GA lesions can be identified and reliably measured for the
purpose of describing the natural history and growth of GA. This data will facilitate design of future
clinical trials of therapies for GA.
Cold Plasma Sterilization of Wounds and Burns
P-CLIN-38
SIN C. PARK
Gary Friedman, Greg Fridman , Alexander Fridman
Cold plasma such as Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) has shown great promise for medical applications
due to its non-necrotizing and antibacterial effect on tissue. Due to this inherent ability to treat
without damaging the vulnerable tissues, DBD will be used to treat various types of wounds such as
puncture, abrasion, laceration and burns. DBD discharge promotes blood coagulation on the open
wounds by acting directly on the blood proteins involved on blood coagulation while sterilizing the
wound site. Due to varying topography of the different variations of wounds, different electrodes,
intermediary gas such as helium and ion winds will be used for the applications.
135
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Gui-shuang Ying, E. Revell Martin, Maureen Maguire
College of Medicine
Clinical: Ophthalmology
Misperceptions Of Campus Drinking Norms At Drexel University
P-CLIN-39
EWA KALICKA
CLIN
Kelly Pillard, Robert Chapman, PhD
Behavioral Counseling
BACKGROUND Students tend to misperceive campus-drinking norms. In other words, college students
perceive the amount of drinking as well as the frequency to be higher than is actually reported by their
peers. The literature is abundant on the topic of misperception of campus drinking norms. Nonetheless,
none of the cited studies attempted to explore the issue of misperceptions pertaining to drinking
norms on campus by gaining the students’ perspective. The aims of this study are threefold. First, we
hypothesize that Drexel University students misperceive their peers amount and frequency of alcohol
consumption. Next, through interviews, we hope to better understand the factors that influence these
false conceptions. Finally, we aim to evaluate whether the wording of certain questions regarding
alcohol, which appear in reliable and validated instruments, affect the students’ responses. METHOD
This study represents a mixed quantitative and qualitative design. The Assistant Dean for Counseling
and Health Services granted permission to access the archival data related to specific questions from the
ACHA-National College Health Assessment (NCHA) that was administered in Drexel in October 2007.
These results will be compared against the national sample of college students who took the same
survey in the fall of the year 2000. For the qualitative part of our research, we procured eight Drexel
University students majoring either in psychology, nursing, and/or behavioral health counseling and
interviewed them. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Using the chi square statistic, no significant differences
were found between the Drexel University and the national sample of college students in terms of
perceptions of other students’ alcohol consumption. Interviewing students, on the other hand, shed
additional light on the college drinking norms at Drexel University that change from freshman to
senior year. Students provided some insight into the reasons behind misperceptions of college drinking
norms and approximation for answering certain questions on the ACHA-NCHA survey. Wording of these
questions and person’s interpretation of their meaning does affect the answer.
A Preliminary Study of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women at Drexel University
College of Medicine (DuCOM)
P-CLIN-40
ADELINE NUKUNA
Dipak Delvadia, MD, Mark Woodland, MD, Erika Aaron, CRNP, Gregg Alleyne, MD
College of Medicine
According to the US Preventive Services Task Force, women are the fastest-growing group of persons
with new HIV diagnoses, accounting for 30% of new United States (US) infections in 2001 and it is
estimated that 6000-7000 HIV-positive women give birth each year in the US. Preterm delivery (PTD)
occurs in about 12% of pregnancies, is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in the US, and is a major
risk factor for low birth weight (LBW). LBW is closely associated with fetal and neonatal morbidity and
mortality. Some studies suggest an association between HIV infection and PTD and LBW. OBJECTIVE:
To characterize the HIV pregnant population at our institution. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review
of medical records of 174 HIV-infected and 100 HIV seronegative pregnant women who attended the
HIV Partnership Comprehensive Care Practice and Women’s Care Center of DuCOM, between 2002 and
2008. RESULTS: Twenty percent of pregnant HIV positive women were at least 35 years old, compared
to just 2% in the HIV negative group. The incidence of PTD in HIV positive and seronegative pregnant
women were 16.1% and 14%, respectively. Thirty three percent of infants born to HIV positive women
and 10% of those born to HIV negative women had LBW. Sixteen of the 33 infants (48.5%) with LBW in
the HIV positive pregnant were delivered preterm. In the HIV negative group, 7 out of 10 infants (70%)
with low birth weight were delivered preterm. CONCLUSIONS: At DuCOM, older HIV positive women
136
are having children. In infants with LBW, a high percentage of them were born preterm; therefore, the
LBW observed might not definitively be a consequence of HIV infection. Future directions will aim at
determining the effect of other delivery complications, socio-economic factors and personal factors.
Understanding the epidemiology of the HIV pregnant population, the complications of the pregnancy
course, and contributing factors will help in the development of effective management strategies for
this population.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is the Preferred Mode of
Enteral Feeding in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
P-CLIN-41
THERESA M. DISANDRO
CLIN
Nithin Karanth
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Background: ALS is a rapidly progressive, fatal neuromuscular illness characterized by progressively
severe dysphagia. Malnutrition is 2nd only to impaired vital capacity as an independent predictor
of a poor prognosis. Correction of malnutrition can improve both muscle function and respiratory
function. While some experts recommend radiographically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) over PEG,
especially for pts with severe respiratory compromise, only a single study prospectively compared these
techniques in ALS. In 50 pts studied, 2 died from tube placement, 1 with each technique. Furthermore,
in another prospective study aspiration occurred nearly twice as often in RIG than in PEG. PEG may
have advantages over radiographic placement by providing: close attention to protecting the airway
from secretions, semi-upright positioning and the comfort of moderate sedation. We have an extensive
experience providing multidisciplinary treatment for ALS patients in our MDS/ALS Center of Hope.
Aim: 1. To evaluate the safety of PEG placement in a diverse population of ALS and 2. To identify risk
factors for complications.
Methods: Demographic factors, subtype ALS, FEV1, severity of ALS motor dysfunction (ALSFRS) and
duration of ALS were evaluated (when available) in patients with ALS referred for PEG placement from
1998 to 2007. Procedures were characterized as successful or not depending if a functional feeding tube
was placed. Complications were characterized as severe (mortality, major morbidity or intubation),
major (resulting in prolonged admission) or minor. Mild discomfort < 48 hrs not included.
Results: 108 pts have been identified to have been referred for PEG. The procedure was successful in
100. In 8 pts, the PEG could not be performed: 1 had a surgically place J-tube and a severe complication,
1 refused and 5 underwent RIG. PEG was placed in 43 males and 58 females with a mean age of
60.8 years. Their mean FVC was 42% (range 15% to 80%). 77% had an FVC of <50% predicted. The
average length of hospital stay was 2.9 days. The 30-day survival was 100% and there were no severe
complications. 3 pts had major complications: bleeding (stopped after transfusion and tamponade),
unexplained pain and aspiration pneumonia (treated with IV antibiotics w/o intubation). No pt
characteristics or measure of ALS severity was associated with an increase risk of complication, including
FVC.
Conclusion: PEGs can be placed safely, even in advanced ALS pts. A randomized prospective study is
needed to determine the safest mode to provide enteral feeding support for ALS pts.
137
Cardiometabolic Complications in Dementia
P-CLIN-44
INDIRA SADHU
CLIN
Andrea Rosso MPH, Dr. Carol Lippa M.D.
Background: Dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy Body disease (LBD) are cognitive
disorders observed frequently among seniors. Several studies have shown that cardiovascular disease
(CVD) risk factors are associated with the development of such diseases. Objective: The study aims
to examine the association between CVD risk factors, AD and LBD, and to examine whether any
differences exist among different racial/ethnicity groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was
conducted through chart reviews for AD and LBD cases diagnosed of between January 1, 2006 and
January 31, 2009 at Drexel University College of Medicine Department of Neurology, Philadelphia.
Results: Of 74 reviewed patients, 50 had AD and 24 had LBD. Of them, 43 were women and 31
were men, with a mean age of 74.29 years. There was a diverse population consisting of 24 African
Americans, 1 Asian, 37 Caucasians and 2 Hispanics; ten participants failed to respond. The mean SBP/DBP
of all patients enrolled was 135/73 mmHG and the average years of education was 12.63. No significant
association was observed for family history of diseases including high blood pressure, myocardial
infarct, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes by race/ethnicity. There was also no significant association
between individual high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction
and race/ethnicity (p-value >0.05). However, a significant association was observed when comparing
inheritance patterns of AD, gender and disease diagnosis with race. Lastly, significant association was
observed between disease diagnosis and high blood pressure (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: These results
suggest association between race, familial disease patterns, and gender. Additionally, a significant
association was observed between disease diagnosis and high blood pressure; therefore, such
characteristics warrant further study.
Neuroimaging in Neuropsychology: Is One Signal Enough?
P-CLIN-45
VALERIE D. WEISSER
Anna Merzagora, Maria Schultheis, Ph.D., Banu Onaral
Psychology
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging portable optical technology used to detect
hemodynamic activation. A handful of studies have compared the fNIRS and fMRI signal, but fNIRS
correspondence to other imaging modalities remains limited. The objective of this study was to examine
the relationship between signals obtained from fNIRS and electroencephalography (EEG). A secondary
objective was to assess the relationship between resting brain activation and cognition. Participants
included eight healthy controls and two individuals with acquired brain injury (mean age 26.4 years).
All participants were administered tests of attention (CPT) and inhibition (Stroop). fNIRS and EEG
signals were simultaneously recorded, and signals during resting state period were extracted separately
for the left and right frontal lobes. Neuroimaging measures included oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood volume levels (fNIRS) and alpha power (EEG). Pearson correlations were used to assess the
relationships between the signals and cognitive tests. No significant correlations were seen between
the fNIRS and EEG signals. Correlations with neuropsychological tests revealed contrasting patterns.
Deoxy-fNIRS was negatively correlated with neuropsychological performance whereas EEG alpha was
positively correlated. For CPT, a significant negative correlation was found between commission errors
and left frontal alpha power (r = -.72). For Stroop, a significant negative correlation was found between
word reading and right frontal fNIRS deoyxgenation (r = -.71). These preliminary results underscore
the differences in brain activation measures obtained by using multiple neuroimaging tools, and
considering how these signals provide complementary evidence of neurological function is warranted.
Data collection and analysis is ongoing.
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RNA Interference Screens To Identify Genes Essential for Ovarian
Tumor Growth and Maintenance
P-CLIN-46
GEETIKA SETHI
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and the
fifth most common cause of cancer death among American women. Although most women afflicted
with EOC respond to primary therapy, the majority eventually will experience recurrence of a tumor
that ultimately becomes treatment-resistant. Tragically, approximately 70% of all women diagnosed
with EOC will die of the disease. There is a great need to improve the prevailing conventional
therapeutic strategies. We have built on the concept of oncogenic addiction and utilized an RNAi-based
functional genomic approach involving a high-throughput cell-based, one-well/one-gene screening
platform to identify genes that may contribute to ovarian tumorigenesis. In this process, we initially
employed the EOC cell line, A1847, and the Dharmacon druggable library consisting of 24,088 siRNAs
corresponding to four unique siRNA duplexes, targeting 6,022 unique genes. We analyzed our data
using a combination of B-score (false discovery rate 0.25) and mock control normalization methods
and identified 300 unique human genes that are considered potential targets for drug development
and represent essential genes for tumor growth and survival. We derived a second custom siRNA
screening library consisting of 1200 siRNAs (pooled mix of 4 siRNAs/gene) targeting these 300 genes. We
optimized transfection conditions for each of eight additional EOC cell lines and three non-tumorigenic,
immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines using positive and negative control
siRNAs and screened our custom library. For each tumor and non-tumor cell line, a gene signature (a
pattern of unique hits) was established followed by unsupervised clustering to group EOC cell lines with
similar signatures. Forty-five hits were observed to be in common among the nine EOC cell lines and of
these, six highly promising targets that reduce the viability of the tumorigenic EOC but not the nontumorigenic HOSE cell lines were identified. These hits are being further confirmed using deconvoluted
siRNAs and quantitative RT-PCR. We have also begun to optimize transfection conditions for primary
cultures obtained by processing ascites from ovarian cancer patients as a basic step towards establishing
personalized medicine. As siRNA therapy holds a promising future, we believe that these studies lay
the foundation to develop novel molecular approaches and targets that may ultimately improve the
treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.
Bias in Choice of Antenatal Testing by Maternal Indication: A Prospective
Observational Study
P-CLIN-47
ERIN HOTT
Jeffrey M. Denney, M.D, Thaddeus P. Waters, M.D, Margorie Pollack, Robert Gorman, Anthony Sciscione, D.O,
Mark Woodland, M.D, Dipak Delvadia, D.O
College of Medicine
Objective: To identify the most common indications for antenatal testing and to determine if choice of
testing varies by maternal indication.
Study Design: This is a prospective, observational study of women presenting for antenatal testing.
Enrolled subjects had either twice weekly NST or weekly BPP. Data collected included maternal
demographic characteristics, indication for testing, type of insurance, and patient income. Type of
antenatal testing was evaluated by these factors to determine presence of bias. Two types of analyses
were performed. The first assumed NST and BPP were equivalent. The second assumed one test was
preferable.
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CLIN
Harsh Pathak, Hong Zhang, Lisa Vanderneer, Yan Zhou, Margret B. Einarson, Andrew K. Godwin
College of Medicine
Results: A total of 205 women were enrolled. 94 had NST and 111 had BPP. Refer to the table for an
analysis of choice of testing by maternal indication. In a separate analysis, choice of testing did not vary
by maternal income or type of insurance.
Conclusion: In our analysis, choice of antenatal testing was significantly associated with indication for
testing. This highlights the potential bias that providers may have when referring patients for antenatal
testing.
Development of a Microcapillary Immunosensor for Detection of
Inflammation Markers
CLIN
P-CLIN-49
SAKYA MOHAPATRA
The unique properties of Quantum Dots (QDs) such as broad excitation spectra, narrow emission
spectra, high resistance to photobleaching, higher photo-stability and stronger fluorescence makes
them one of the most attractive fluorescent reporter molecules for a wide range of biological
applications including biosensing and assay development applications. However, the high cost of
QDs has limited their application in assay development where at least 50-100’L reagents are required
for performing an assay. This research capitalizes on the superior properties of QDs by utilizing just
1-2’L of sample and antibodies conjugated to QDs for detection of biomarkers. In this work we
developed a simple and inexpensive microcapillary immunosensor based on quantum dot assay for
detecting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in animal stool samples. The method utilizes commercially available
polymethylmethaacrylate (PMMA) micro-capillaries (I.D. 250’m, O.D. 500’m) as substrates for performing
a sandwich assay. The results obtained indicate that the limit of detection (LOD) of the device and the
assay is 100 picomolar of MPO (~15 ng/mL) in 1-2’L of sample. The specificity of the assay was tested in a
solution mixture containing MPO and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP 1). Furthermore, the assay and
device robustness was tested by detecting MPO in animal stool samples.
Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Axial Flow Left
Ventricular Assist Device
P-CLIN-50
KARTHIK LINGANATHAN
Mohammad Al-Bataineh, Howard Eisen, Shelly Hankins, Jasmine rafeek
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Introduction There is a reported 22-35% incidence of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in
patients (P) with a pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). The incidence of such arrhythmias in
P with a Heart Mate II, a newer generation of axial flow LVAD has not been described. Methods Clinical
data inclusive of ECG, telemetry, ICD stored data and echocardiographic studies for P with Heart Mate
II were analyzed. Significant VA was defined as VA requiring defibrillation, antitachycardia pacing or
antiarrhythmic therapy. Results From July 2007 to October 2008, 9 P with a mean age of 55’4 received
a Heart Mate II LVAD. Six P (68%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Significant VA developed in 7 P (78%)
with onset up to 204 days (median of 13 days) post implantation. Two had VA storm requiring multiple
defibrillation and use of 2 antiarrhythmic drugs. Echocardiographic imaging with Pulse Wave Doppler
(PWD) analysis of the inflow cannula showed interruption of laminar flow in diastole with higher end
diastolic velocity. PWD findings appreciably decreased along with considerable decline in clinical VA on
reducing the speed in the LVAD. VA could be due to a suction effect causing intermittent entrapment
140
of ventricular myocardium into the inflow cannula. This entrapment may induce premature ventricular
ectopy that initiates VA in P without prior VA or exacerbates the preexisting VA. Conclusion Patients
with an axial flow LVAD have a higher incidence of VA. Appropriate LVAD rate settings guided by PWD
reduces the frequency of VA.
Gaint Adrenal Myelolipoma
P-CLIN-51
PADMA ANNE
51 year old male patient s/p cardiac catheterization complained of abdomial pain. CT scan and MRI
of the abdomen showed a 20 cm fat containing left retroperitoneal mass. Differention considerations
incuded adrenal myelolipoma, liposarcoma and teratoma. Biopsy of the mass was inconclusive,
so the mass was resected. Pathology of the surgical specimen showed adipose tissue with foci of
extramedullary hematopoisis consistent with myelolipoma. There was no evidenceof malignancy.
Electrospun ‘Green’ Alimentary Protein Scaffolds for Skin Tissue
Engineering
P-CLIN-52
LEKO LIN
Devika Varma, Anat Perets, Mengyan Li, Dara L. Woerdeman, Peter I. Lelkes
In an attempt to bypass some of the problems with currently available skin substitutes, we are exploring
the use of plant-derived proteins as bioactive scaffolds for wound healing. They are promising as
renewable, biodegradable natural materials that may confer a range of bioactive properties to enhance
skin regeneration. We have generated submicron fibrous scaffolds electrospun from soy protein
isolate (SPI) with minimal addition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro2-propanol, and nanofibers from zein dissolved in glacial acetic acid alone, respectively. Within a
threshold of 5 - 8% SPI, the composite SPI/PEO blend fibers were flattened in morphology and uniform
with submicron-sized widths. Zein fibers were tubular, uniform at the range of concentrations suitable
for electrospinning of bead-free fibers, with nanometer-sized diameters. As an important benefit, both
‘green’ protein fibers remained stable in aqueous media without further cross-linking for up to 14 days,
and possess mechanical properties similar to those reported for human skin. Fibrous scaffolds made of
plant proteins support the growth, proliferation and phenotypic retention of primary human dermal
fibroblasts in culture until confluence. These scaffolds are promising as a platform for organotypic skin
equivalent culture as well as implantable scaffolds for skin regeneration. Further studies will investigate
mechanistically the interaction of human skin cells with these ‘green’ materials, and assess the efficacy
of SPI/PEO scaffolds in in vivo wound healing models.
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CLIN
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiology
Inflammatory Pseudotumor In Cervical Spine
P-CLIN-53
PADMA ANNE
CLIN
College of Medicine
Clinical: Radiology
A 26 y o male with of dermatomyositis diagnosed in 1990, currently not on any medications, presented
to the emergency department with worsening neck pain for 4 weeks. Unenhanced MRI of the cervical
spine showed an epidural mass in the posterior spinal canal at C3-C4 causing stenosis of the spinal canal
to 3 mm. A gadolinium enhanced MRI performed 26 days later showed a mass extending from C2 to
C6, with the thickest portion at C3-C4 measuring 8 mm. The mass was low signal on T1 and high signal
on T2 weighted images, and showed intense enhancement with gadolinium. The mass infiltrated the
posterior elements of C3-C4. Differential considerations initially included meningioma and lymphoma. A
needle biopsy yielded inconclusive results, so the mass was resected. Pathology of the surgical specimen
showed chronic inflammatory infiltrate in soft tissue, consisting of lymphocytes, and bone marrow
fibrosis. Flow cytometry showed no neoplastic or atypical cells. There were no significant karyotypic
abnormalities. The final diagnosis was inflammatory pseudotumor.
Mobilizing Identity Formation as a Psychotherapist: An Artistic Heuristic
Inquiry with Dance/Movement
P-CLIN-54
MELANIE R. HABER
The objective of this artistic heuristic inquiry is to explore how a creative arts therapy student’s
practice of his or her own art form to explore personal identity can enhance the self-awareness
necessary in professional development. Artistic inquiry refers to a procedure of gathering data using
the art making process and heuristic inquiry is the study of the self. For the purpose of this study, the
researcher, a woman in the early adulthood stage of development, served as the subject to explore
her self-awareness and identity transitioning from a student to a dance/movement therapist. The data
collection included 1) authentic movement and dance improvisation with videotaping of the creative
process, 2) reflection through journaling, 3) visual art making including photography, drawing, and
choreography to illustrate the personal process of the subject’s development as a therapist in training.
Qualitative data analytic methods were employed in the discovery of emerging themes. Implications for
the education of psychotherapists are discussed.
Post Operative (Post-Op) Renal Dysfunction In Patients with Pacemaker Or
Defibrillator (Device) Infection Undergoing Lead Extraction Is Associated
with Increased Morbidity and Prolonged Hospital Stay
T-CLIN-1
PARIJAT S. JOY
Hari P. Joshi, Issa Ghanma, Michelle Vrabel, John M. Fontaine, Steven P. Kutalek, Mohammed Al-Bataineh
College of Medicine
Clinical: Medicine
Introduction: Post-op acute renal insufficiency (ARI) has not been studied in patients (pts) with device
infections undergoing lead extraction. Method: Prospective review of hospital records of pts with device
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Screening Antenatal Ultrasounds in Pregnancies Complicated by Obesity:
Do Repeat Ultrasounds Improve Diagnsosis
T-CLIN-2
JENNIFER PHUNG
College of Medicine
Objective: to determine if pregancies complicated by obesity benefit from multiple ultrasounds to
complete a screening anatomy scan? If yes, how is the effect of body mass index (BMI) to routine
anatomy scan during 18-21 wks of gestation.
Method: a retrospective, chart abstraction study at WCC from June 01, 2008 to Dec 01, 2009. 250
patient charts at 18-21 weeks of gestation were reviewed. The reviewed information aslo includes
height, weight, LMP, gestational ages. Patients were classified by BMI: less than <25kg/m2 (normal),
25-30 kg/m2 (overeight), 31-35kg/m2(obestiy), and 35-40kg/m (severely obesity). The level II scan results
were collected and determine what percentage of suboptimal scans for each BMI group. T-test and ChiSquare were used to analyze the data for this study.
Result: In general, about 73.9% of routine anatomy scans at the time window of 18-21 weeks of
gestation were successful at the first attempt. The higher percentage of sub-optimal view for the
heart compared to face, extrimeties, and spine. The percentage of sub-optimal scans was increasing
tremendously when BMI was getting higher. There were 18%, 37.5%, and 63.64% of suboptimal scans
for BMI groups of 25-30, 30-29, and above 40, respectively (P value of 0.000 with 95% confidence
interval). No stastic significant difference noted in the fetal presentaion.
Conclusion: The visualization of the fetal anatomy decreased significant with increasing maternal
weight. Except patients with normal BMI, The percentage of sub-optimal scans is getting double when
compared the BMI group of 25-30 and 31-35, respectively. The preferred timing of routine anatomy
scan for the BMI group greater than 40 is 22 weeks of gestation.
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CLIN
infection undergoing lead extraction. Incidence of post-op ARI, co-morbidities and duration of hospital
stay were analyzed. Post-op ARI was defined as >0.5 mg/dl or >50% increase in serum creatinine.
Results: 118 pts (73% male) with mean age 67’16 years were included. Comorbidities: chronic kidney
disease (26%), diabetes mellitus (38%), coronary disease (57%) and congestive heart failure (57%).
All pts underwent successful device and lead extraction with removal of all hardware using standard
techniques. Post-op ARI occurred in 32 pts (27%). Culture proven bloodstream infection was present
in 22/32 (69%) of pts who developed ARI but only in 34/86 (40%) of those who did not (p= .007). In
pts with positive pocket but negative blood cultures, ARI occurred in 13/32 pts (41%, p=ns). Nafcillin
therapy was associated with higher incidence of ARI 6/13 (46%) when compared without nafcillin
26/105 (25%), p=0.02. Duration of hospital stay was 18 ‘ 11 days and 12 ‘ 12 days for pts with and
without ARI respectively (p=0.02). Conclusion: In pts undergoing lead extraction for therapy of device
related infections, the presence of positive blood cultures and nafcillin therapy was associated with the
development of post-op ARI. This led to increased morbidity and duration of hospital stay.
AND SIMULATION (BIOLOGICAL)
Exhaustive Properties of Simple Lattice Peptides
P-CBIO-1
TRAVIS HOPPE
Physics
Lattice proteins are often used as a simple coarse-graining model of real proteins. In these models the
positions of each amino acid are restricted to a unique position on the lattice (2D or 3D). The energy of
a conformation is dependent on the number and type of nearest neighbor contacts, emphasizing the
importance of local forces typical in real proteins. We extend the traditional lattice model by evaluating
the density of states and dynamics; exactly in a completely enumerated state space. We also investigate
the effects of temperature on the specific heat of the system.
Feature Selection for Genome Classification
P-CBIO-3
The field of Metagenomics has emerged to study the large quantities of DNA that are being sequenced
directly from environmental samples. Metagenomics studies take advantage of large datasets of DNA
fragments produced by next generation sequencing techniques. There is a need to classify these large
quantities of DNA fragments and link them to a genus, a species or even a specific strain of bacteria. In
order to take advantage of the more powerful classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for
this task feature selection is necessary to choose genome features which best distinguish between many
organisms. This research is focused on selecting features from whole genome sequences to improve
the ability of a classifier to distinguish between genomes. The features from which a subset are being
selected are the frequencies of length N words (combinations of the nucleotides A,T,C,G) in a sequenced
bacterial genome. Subsets of these words or Nmers are chosen via an information theoretic method
combining mutual information as well as the Kullback-Leibler divergences and TF-IDF, a method borrow
from text mining. Proof of concept examples of both of these methods have been completed and
application to a larger dataset and different Nmer lengths is being studied.
Image Retrieval for Open Access PubMedCentral Archive
P-CBIO-4
ZHONG HUANG
Information Studies
Traditional literature search engine in biomedicine domain focus mainly on summary content such
as title, abstract, keywords, journal published, author etc. There is a need to develop full-text search
engine to encompass not only summary information, but also experimental details described in results
and discussion. Images in the paper convey important and rich information about the experimental
design and findings and are key components for results and discussion. Yet so far there is no image
retrieval system implemented for literature databases. In this study, we build a prototype for image
retrieval of PubMedCentral, an open access biomedical literature database containing full-text articles,
to provide researchers a useful tool in looking into details of supporting evidences for scientific
findings.
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CBIO
ELAINE GARBARIN
A Bias Correction for Spike Field Coherence Estimation
P-CBIO-5
DANE GRASSE
Coherence between single neuron action potentials (spikes) and local field potential (LFP)is an indicator
of synchrony in a neural network. A widely used method of estimating this coherence is based on
measuring the power spectrum of the averaged LFP signal surrounding the spikes. However, this
method suffers from inherent bias and consistency problems. We introduce a bias correction and an
alternate method (FB-SFC) of estimating spike field coherence to address these respective issues. These
methods are compared with and without bias correction over multiple models and experimentally
collected data. The bias correction was demonstrated to be effective in removing bias and reducing the
mean squared error of the estimate. The FB-SFC method decreased the error from inconsistancy.
Time-Dose-Response Model
CBIO
P-CBIO-6
YIN HUANG
Charles N. Haas
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering
The classical exponential and beta Poisson dose-response models were modified to include exponentialpower dependency of time post inoculation (TPI) or its simplified form - exponential-reciprocal
dependency of TPI, to quantify the time effect on dose response. By using the maximum likelihood
estimation (MLE) approach, the resulting time-dose-response models were found capable of providing
statistically acceptable fits to all tested pooled animal survival dose-response data. These new models
can consequently describe the development of animal infectious response over time and represent
observed responses fairly accurately. This is the first showing that a time-dose-response model can be
developed for describing infections initiated with various pathogens. It provides an advanced approach
for future microbial risk assessment frameworks.
Global Optimization Of The Elementary Kinetic Rate Constants for
P-Glycoprotein Mediated Transport Across MDCK II hMDR1 Confluent
Cell Monolayers: Concordance Between Experimental Fits and The
Fitting Of Model Data
P-CBIO-7
DEEP AGNANI
Joe Bentz
Biology
P-glycoprotein, a human multidrug resistance transporter, has been extensively studied due to its
importance to human health and disease. Recently, a minimal mass action kinetic model was employed
to elucidate the kinetics of drug uptake and efflux by this protein. The advantage of this technique
over those used previously (such as steady state Michaelis-Menten analysis or compartmental modeling)
lies in the fact that the minimal mass action kinetic model is the only technique that is able to
determine the elementary kinetic parameters thereby giving a better understanding of the transport
146
mechanism. Analysis of experimentally obtained data sets provides fits that lie within a small range of
consistent values. This works aims to examine if the ‘range’ is due to errors that may be inherent in the
experimental data. Using the consensus fits of numbers obtained by fitting the experimental data, we
generated model data and subjected it to the same fitting technique. We find that the range for the
fitted kinetic parameters using the model data mirror those obtained from the experimental data itself.
The fact that the model data is perfect (no error) does not drive the fitting program to find just that
one single vector that was used to generate the data. The ‘range’ is an inherent property of the global
optimization of several kinetic parameters rather than the error in the experimental data.
Analytical Refinements Applied To Metabolic Allometry Data with Variation
Reveal Broad Differences In Clade-Specific Scaling In Mammals
P-CBIO-8
ANNETTE SIEG
Power scaling relationships between body mass and a wide variety of organismal traits are fundamental
to biology. An extensive compilation of mean body masses and resting metabolic rates in mammals
dates back over a century, and currently serves as critical support both for and against the universal
quarter-power scaling invoked by the Metabolic Theory of Ecology. However, the slope of this
interspecific allometry is typically estimated without reference to variation in the independent variable
or phylogenetic constraints on trait values. We returned to the original literature and culled nearly
all multiple unique measurements of body mass and resting metabolism for 695 mammal species,
and (1) phylogenetically corrected the data using the fullest available mammal phylogeny, (2) applied
several different regression analyses, (3) re-sampled our regressions and phylogenetic corrections using
randomly selected species from each of the polytomies, and (4) ran these same analyses on separate
clades. Our overall slope estimates, with and without phylogenetic correction, did not include 0.75, and
clade-specific slopes varied significantly from 0.52 to 0.85 depending on the clade and the regression
technique used. Our technique and our rich dataset allow us to control for issues currently confounding
allometry: a preponderance of certain clades (e.g. rodents) and performing regressions on two variables
with differing error variances.
Optimization Of A Novel, High Resolution, Wide-Field
Optical Microscopy System
P-CBIO-9
SANKHESH JHAVERI
Mitul Shah, Todd C. Doehring, PhD
Knowledge of the complex fiber structures of soft tissues can lead to greater understanding of basic
structure-function relationships, and potentially, to improvements in tissue engineered constructs
and micro-repair techniques. Unfortunately, imaging these structures in fresh, whole-tissue samples
is difficult, mainly because current microscopes are designed for small-scale, narrow field imaging of
thin, slide-mounted specimens. The currently available wide-field microscopy systems depend on highprecision motorized (using expensive servo motors) stage positioning to make a montage of image tiles.
However, they are time consuming requiring a large number of image tiles. The goal of this project was
to develop a high speed imaging system at low cost-capable of imaging thicker, fresh tissue samples
as well as prepared slides using both, normal and polarized light. For imaging thicker specimens,
an ‘open stage system’ with variable control on the Z axis, in addition to X and Y axis control, is
147
CBIO
Biology
incorporated to maintain focus. The system uses a low-precision, two stepper motor positioning system,
maintaining sub-pixel accuracy via a novel image correlation and registration algorithm. A third stepper
motor controlling the fine focus knob enables the Z axis control. The software consists of two basic
components: (1) a graphical user interface (GUI) programmed in Visual Basic .NET for camera and stage
motor control, and (2) a ‘tiling/stitching’ algorithm programmed in Matlab. The tiling program also
incorporates distortion and luminosity correction algorithms. Autofocus is achieved using a novel edgebased focusing algorithm. Current work is ongoing to optimize the throughput, speed and accuracy of
large scale 2D and 3D imaging.
VEUSim: Development Of Gui Tools for Training In Endoscopic Ultrasound
P-CBIO-10
SHANKAR NARAYANA
CBIO
Pablo Burstein, Ph.D., Neal Handly, M.D., M.S., M.Sc., Chris Redmann, Ph.D., Todd C. Doehring, Ph.D.
Endovaginal ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for early detection of ovarian cysts and ectopic
pregnancy. It is a very difficult and complex technique which requires a high degree of hand-eye
coordination and experience to minimize patient pain and discomfort. Training physicians to use
ultrasound for diagnostic purposes is time consuming and involves high costs. The physicians must learn
how to interpret ultrasound images so that they can capture images of pathologies of interest. The
goal of this study is to develop a 3-D portable virtual reality (VR) training system using haptic interface
to train users in endovaginal ultrasound examination. We use a touch sensitive haptic interface and
holographic visual display to provide a sense of realistic endoscopic feel and immersive VR experience
to the trainee. The simulator presents the ultrasound image corresponding to the haptic wand position.
This low cost interactive training system can generate different degrees of ‘virtual pathologies’
using the simulator and present it to physician/student trainee for identification. The trainee and/or
supervisor can choose the pathology of interest and the tutorials corresponding to the selected type is
presented. The replay option gives instantaneous feedback about the trainee’s accuracy and skills. After
the training, the student is tested for precision and timing. Current work is focused on designing virtual
pathologies and development of training modules.
Statistical Modeling of TCE and Toluene Toxicity to Pseudomonas putida F1
P-CBIO-11
RAJVEER SINGH
Mira Olson
Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of contaminants is decreases the viability of contaminantdegrading bacteria. Thus, prediction of viable bacterial distribution with respect to contaminant
concentrations in ground-water aquifers is important for purposes of bioremediation. The Live/
Dead’ bacterial viability assay was used to determine the toxic effect of two common ground-water
pollutants, trichloroethylene (TCE) and toluene, on Pseudomonas putida F1 cells. Samples of bacteria
were exposed to TCE and toluene for different durations in sealed zero head-space experimental
chambers. Changes in live and dead/damaged cell populations were monitored over time using
fluorescence microscopy. Data obtained from these toxicity experiments were fit to simple linear and
exponential bacterial viability-decay models using linear and non-linear regressions respectively. TCE
toxicity to P. putida F1 was best described with an exponential model, with a viability-decay constant
kTCE = 0.025 h-4.95 (R2 = 0.956). Toluene toxicity showed a marginally better fit to the linear model
(R2 = 0.971), with a viability-decay constant ktoluene = 0.204 h-1. Best-fit model parameters obtained
148
for both TCE and toluene were used to predict bacterial viability in toxicity experiments with higher
contaminant concentrations and matched well with experimental data. Results from this study can be
used to predict bacterial accumulation and viability near NAPL sources, and may be helpful in designing
bioremediation strategies for sites contaminated with residual NAPLs.
Pre-unfolding Oscillations of Green Fluorescent Proteins
P-CBIO-12
HANBING LIN
Physics
The GFP chromophore can adopt four distinct chemical substates: anionic A (deprotonated), neutral
N (protonated), intermediate I (chemically similar to A), and zwitterionic Z (nonfluorescent). Twophoton fluorescence images of single GFPs revealed remarkable oscillations between A and N states
immediately before unfolding. We construct a simplified model which can help us to theoretically
interpret and explain this behavior and test it in stochastic simulations.
CBIO
Mutual Information Expansion for Studying The Role Of Correlations
In Population Codes
P-CBIO-13
ALESSANDRO SCAGLIONE
The role of correlations in the activity of neural populations responding to a set of stimuli can be
studied within an information theory framework. Regardless of whether one approaches the problem
from an encoding or decoding perspective, the main measures used to study the role of correlations can
all be derived from a common source: the expansion of the mutual information. Two main formalisms
of mutual information expansion have been proposed: the series expansion and the exact breakdown.
Here we clarify that these two formalisms have a different representation of auto-correlations, so
that even when the total information estimated differs by less than 1%, individual terms can diverge.
More precisely, the series expansion explicitly evaluates the informational contribution of autocorrelations in the count of spikes, i.e. count auto-correlations, whereas the exact breakdown does not.
We propose a new formalism of mutual information expansion, the Poisson exact breakdown, which
introduces Poisson equivalents in order to explicitly evaluate the informational contribution of count
auto-correlations with no approximation involved. Because several widely employed manipulations of
spike trains, most notably binning and pooling, alter the structure of count auto-correlations, the new
formalism can provide a useful general framework for studying the role of correlations in population
codes.
149
Vectorization of a Direct-Fit Approach to Solving the Quasi-Linear
Viscoelastic Model for Soft Tissues
P-CBIO-14
A. CARTER ERWIN
CBIO
Soft tissues are known to exhibit complex biomechanical behavior, including viscoelastic and nonlinear
elastic response to load, as well as mild load-rate sensitivity. It is important to understand the strainrate sensitivity of these soft tissues in order to better predict their biomechanical behavior, and better
understand the effects of disease, surgery, and pharmaceuticals on these tissues. A method that
directly fits the quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) constitutive model to the actual point-wise stress’time
history of the test has been used for estimating the QLV parameters using an adaptive grid refinement
(AGR) global optimization algorithm. A limiting factor of this method is that it is computationally
expensive, and can require several hours to days in order to determine the QLV parameters within
a given error tolerance. To address this problem, a new vectorized method that directly fits the QLV
constitutive model has been developed to increase the rate at which parameter optimization occurs by
approximately 2000 times. This increase in rate allows for a new parallel order of magnitude adaptive
grid refinement technique to be utilized, in order to reduce the likelihood of acquiring local optima for
the QLV parameters.
Replica Exchange Monte Carlo Techniques for Protein Folding
P-CBIO-15
BRAD HUBARTT
Physics
In this project we are running simulations of protein folding on a lattice. We are trying to determine
if useful information about a protein’s native structure can be learned with this simple model. The
proteins live on a 2 and 3 dimensional lattices, we have written simulations for both, and their
energies are determined based up a variety of energy functions. Energy functions are chosen based
upon which protein model we are using. Most basic is the HP model, replacing all of the amino acids
with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic residue, looking for residues that are 1 unit distance apart, not
consecutive in the sequence, and if they are both hydrophobic a stabilizing energy is counted. Other
energy functions include HP+-, similar to HP but with 2 additional charge residues; HPN, which includes
a neutral residue; and average Miyazawa-Jernigen interactions, a 5 residue model derived from the
average energies of interactions between amino acids in known protein structures. REMC works by
letting the protein fold in single Monte Carlo steps and after a predetermined number of steps it
swaps replicas that were folding at various temperatures based on a probability function. This is to
avoid trapping by local minima of the protein energy landscape. We are using pull moves to allow
the proteins to fold. Pull moves are an ergodic move-set that work by selecting one residue in the
sequence, moving it, and then dragging the rest of the protein behind it to catch up. This is a technique
borrowed from polymer chemistry. We plan on trying to expand this technique to do some basic protein
aggregation simulations.
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Solid Free Form Fabrication of Biomimetic 3D Tissue Constructs
P-CBIO-16
JESSICA SNYDER
Scaffold aided tissue regeneration and in vitro pharmacokinetic platforms require reproducible 3D
fabrication techniques to create constructs capable of approximating in vivo behavior in an in vitro
environment. Solid free form fabrication interfaced with CAD modeling delivers a powerful design/
manufacturing environment capable of producing constructs for and out of living material. These
3D bio-printed constructs of capture micron-scale in vivo orientation and elicit increased paracrine
signaling; resulting in better biomimetic modeling when compared to conventional 2D cell culture. The
study is strictly focused to assess the impact of each respective 3D environment and the manufacturing
process on the cell health. The objective of this work is to characterize the reaction of various cell
types to the process of bio-printing and its unique 3D environment. Baseline behavior is determined
via analysis of cell viability, function (eg. urea synthesis for hepatocytes), and morphology. The results
introduce a 3D solid free form fabrication method and quantify the behavioral deviation from 2D
culture for various cell types. Bio-printing uses a proprietary direct cell writing system capable of
printing several materials, including living cells, concurrently through a multi-nozzle solid free form
fabrication process. The nozzle deposits a cell-seeded biomaterial solution according a CAD design,
thereby creating sophisticated reproducible 3D constructs embedded with cells. Cells are printed
in geometry reflective of the in vivo tissue physiology (eg. sinusoid for hepatocytes). New untested
geometries can easily be designed/manufactured/evaluated for enhanced biomimetic behavior using
the bio-printing environment. These constructs are applicable for in vitro study of drug therapies as
an alternative to animal models and in vivo as implants for soft tissue regeneration. Both of these
applications require the construct to astutely model the structural and functional properties of healthy
tissue.
Effect of Aging and Degeneration on the Human Intervertebral Disc
P-CBIO-17
CHRISTOPHER MASSEY
Michele Marcolongo
The human intervertebral disc transfers and distributes loads that are experienced by the spine. Each
disc rests between two vertebrae, and is made up of a central water-like nucleus pulposus and the
outer annulus fibrosus. A cartilaginous endplate separates the disc from either vertebra, and plays an
important role in the exchange of fluid in the disc. The intervertebral disc, like most biological tissue,
exhibits a time-dependent response. This behavior is well understood physically, but its representation
in a finite element model has yet to be perfected. Intervertebral disc mechanics are primarily governed
by the osmotic pressure in the nucleus pulposus and the fibrous structure of the annulus fibrosus. To
create a better mechanical representation of the disc, our model uses poroelastic theory, which involves
the elastic properties of the material as well as its fluid flow properties, namely permeability and void
ratio. Under compressive loading, the negatively charged environment of the nucleus pulposus creates a
swelling pressure, which draws fluid back into the disc during unloading. This phenomenon is simulated
by introducing a fixed charge density and coupling its value to the volumetric strain of the tissue. The
effects of aging and degeneration on the diurnal cycle of the intervertebral disc are analyzed.
151
CBIO
A Novel Multi-Measurement Support Vector Machine Algorithm
for Seizure Detection
P-CBIO-18
KEVIN J. FREEDMAN
CBIO
Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disease and is characterized by recurrent and
debilitating seizures. Seizures, in the simplest sense, can be thought of as electrical storms in the
brain having varying affects on consciousness. Although epilepsy has been extensively studied in the
laboratory and in the clinic, a generally accepted quantitative method of seizure detection has not been
utilized. The goal of this work is to design a widely accepted method for defining and detecting seizure
activity using an unsupervised algorithm. Seizures recorded by EEG are described using a wide range of
qualitative terms including: rhythmic waves, single frequency waveforms, multi-frequency waveforms,
spike-wave complexes, slow or fast high voltage spiking, and paroxysmal bursts. These electrographic
seizures, both in animal models and in humans, can have a vast range of different qualities which
makes detecting all the different seizure morphologies very difficult. If a measure can be developed to
identify the more stable characteristics of a seizure, the majority of seizures could be detected using
that measure. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that a combination of measures will perform better at
detecting seizures than any single measurement. In the present work, a multi-measurement support
vector machine algorithm is used for seizure detection in an epileptic rat model. Using this multimeasurement algorithm, a greater number of seizures were able to be detected with minimal change in
the number of false detections.
Methylphenidate’s Affect on Norepinephrine Levels in Anesthetized Rat
Prefrontal Cortex and Barrel Cortex
P-CBIO-19
GERARD ZITNIK
College of Medicine
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) has long been prescribed to treat ADD and ADHD. Prior work has shown
that the therapeutic effects of the drug result in increased norepinephrine (NE) levels in the forebrain.
The current study uses microdialysis as a tool to obtain the neurotransmitter NE in anesthetized rats
before and after injection of methylphenidate. In order to test the amount of NE in higher level
cognitive areas of the brain, probes were placed in the prefrontal cortex. In order to test the amount
of NE in somatosensory areas, probes were also placed in the Barrel Cortex. Baseline samples were
taken in 15 minute increments over 90 minutes and then samples were taken every 15 minutes after
injection for 180 minutes. The samples were then analyzed using HPLC to determine peak response
of norepinephrine. Consistent with prior data, our preliminary results show an increase in NE in the
prefrontal cortex, post methylphenidate injection. While the Barrel Cortex did not increase as much,
an increase in NE level was still observed. These results provide further evidence that NE is involved in
attention and Ritalin increases norepineprhine in the prefrontal cortex, an area known to be involved
in focus, attention and higher cognitive processes.
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Probe Selection Scheme in Compressed Sensing DNA Microarrays
P-CBIO-20
NON G. YOK
The objective of this project is to present an alternative method for probe picking in compressive
sensing DNA microarrays (CSM). DNA microarrays are frequently used for micro-organisms detection
in different habitats, for instance water, soil and air. For organism detection, DNA microarrays are
composed of an arrayed series of microscopic wells that contain DNA sensors termed as probes.
Each probe consists of sequences of DNA nucleotides (A, C, G and T) that bind with each other in a
complementary manner: A binds with T while C binds with G. Unfortunately, DNA microarrays have
some shortcomings that stem from the fact that each spot is designed to detect only one organism.
First, in closely related organisms, it is very hard to find a unique probe for each organism. As a result,
targeted organisms which have a similar DNA sequences can hybridize with the wrong probes. This
issue is known as the cross-hybridization, and it leads to error in microarrays readout. The second
shortcoming includes, a large number of DNA targets usually require a DNA microarray with a large
number of spots. Costs of implementation for such a tool are very high. The compressed sensing
microarrays are designed to sense organisms in groups so that they mitigate the problems of the
traditional DNA microarrays by the following scheme: Each organism can be sensed through its unique
DNA pattern identifier, rather than a single DNA sequence per organism. Instead of working against us,
compressed sensing enables cross- hybridization properties of DNA binding to be leveraged as useful
side information. In a previous technique, probe candidates are extracted from the shortest sequences
among any given group of organisms, limiting the search space, and producing non-optimal probe
candidates. We propose and implement a new CSM method, which considers all possible hybridization
affinities and chooses the best candidate from all members of each group. We test our method on five
groups with a total of 22 organisms and show that the organisms can be sensed and decoded by Belief
Propagation and have little decoding error.
Pre-Attentive Encoding: A Mechanism for Sensory Gating
P-CBIO-21
DAVID LABARCA
Sensory gating is the mind’s ability to protect itself from irrelevant and potentially overwhelming
environmental information. The goal of this study was to define a functional mechanism for encoding
sensory information. An established cortical columns model was reproduced, and then modified to
investigate the exchange of information between populations of neurons and how that changed due
to external stimuli. A variety of ongoing brain rhythms were simulated to better understand the poststimuli change in neuronal dynamics. The results from the modeling technique were compared to
human data recorded from cortical surface electrodes (ECoG) on the temporal lobe during a dual-tone
sensory gating paradigm. The time and source localization associated with ECoG data is much more
accurate than that from surface electrode EEG, thus theoretically corresponded well with our cortical
columns model. Time-frequency techniques were employed to analyze the change in signal power.
This research supported the hypothesis that an increase in phase-locked beta band power encodes
information into working memory, thereby acting as a mechanism for sensory gating. An advance in the
knowledge of neural dynamics will provide support for neuronal binding theories and lead to enhanced
clinical treatment of mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia).
153
CBIO
Maxwell’s Demon: A Study in Brain-Computer
Interface Game Development
E-CBIO-1
CRAIG STEVENSON
Hardik Bhatt, Arjun Gupta, Peter Stratton, Phil Lyon
Digital Media
CBIO
In this paper, we describe our development of a testing environment for determining the efficacy of
brain computer interface (BCI) devices and their role in the future of computer video games. Using the
Blade3D game engine from Digini, inc. and the NeuroSky Mind-kit head-mounted EEG device, we have
created a game, titled Maxwell’s Demon, which attempts to determine if a BCI device can be effectively
implemented as an active controller in gaming. Additionally, we have developed in-game methods
to determine what auditory and visual distractions can interrupt BCI communication. By including a
recording component to our game, we have the ability to capture the player’s levels of concentration
and correlate that data to player actions, determining areas of difficulty for possible use in level
development and research testing.
154
155
CBIO
AND SIMULATION (NON-BIOLOGICAL)
Temperature and Density Evolution During Powder Die Compaction
P-COMP-1
JERRY KLINZING
Powder die compaction is one of the most important unit operations in the pharmaceutical industry
because more than 90% of drugs are delivered in a solid dosage form. The physical and mechanical
properties of the tablet such as strength, density, and temperature are directly related to this process.
The ability to predict through finite element modeling the physical and mechanical properties is
essential towards developing new tablet shapes, especially for newer tablet forms such as multilayer
and core/mantle tablets. For example, density distributions can affect the rate of tablet dissolution
whereas temperature increases upon compaction can alter the polymorph state of the active ingredient.
Previous modeling attempts were conducted in 2D (axisymmetry) but this current research explores the
full 3D nature of the problem. The method of numerically modeling powder die compaction with the
use of the Drucker-Prager Cap model along with the experimentation needed for determining model
parameters are reviewed. In addition, experimental density measurements made with microcomputed
tomography and temperature measurements by infrared camera images of post compacted tablets
from a fully instrumented compaction simulator are used to validate the model. The model is proven
to be capable of predicting density and temperature distributions which presents the opportunity to
alleviate the need for numerous laboratory experiments and aid in tablet design.
2-Layered HMM for Search Interface Segmentation
COMP
P-COMP-3
RITU KHARE
Yuan An, Il-Yeol Song
Information Studies
Search interfaces are the primary ‘doors’ to the data-rich and continually growing deep Web. Hence,
their understanding is a pre-requisite to the design of applications that are dedicated to make deep
Web contents more useful. The problem of automatic search interface understanding has recently
been addressed by several works using techniques such as rules, heuristics, and even machine learning.
However, a very challenging portion (segmentation) of this problem has not received appropriate
attention. In this poster, we present an approach to segment a search interface into logical attributes
and assign semantic labels to the interface components. The key feature in our approach is a 2-layered
hidden Markov model (HMM), which encodes the learned knowledge about designing a search
interface for querying underlying databases. We tested our approach on the less-explored family of
search interfaces belonging to scientific databases and found promising results. On comparison with an
existing approach, our approach improved the segmentation accuracy by approximately 10%.
A New Empirically Corrected AM1 Method for Non-covalent Interactions
P-COMP-4
MICHAEL FOSTER
Chemistry
Empirically corrected DFT methods for van der Waals (dispersion) interactions are becoming increasingly
popular due to the promise of CCSD(T) level accuracy at the computational cost of DFT. Although,
DFT methods are computationally efficient in comparison to the CCSD(T) method, currently DFT
157
optimizations are only feasible for systems of less than a few hundred atoms. In order to model
much larger systems, empirically corrected semi-empirical methods, such as the AM1 method, can be
used. The inability of the AM1 method to model dispersion interactions is not the only shortcoming;
hydrogen bonding also poses a concern. A new approach utilizing two empirical correction terms, one
for dispersion and one for hydrogen bonding interactions, is presented and termed AM1-D+. The new
empirical corrected AM1 method has been parameterized to a diverse training set of 61 complexes.
AM1-D+ has been tested on the popular S22 database, achieving a root mean square error of 0.99
kcal/mol. This is a significant improvement over the AM1 method itself (6.25 kcal/mol). AM1-D+ also
improves over the of previously reported AM1-D and PM3-D methods (1.23 and 1.18 kcal/mol), with
substantially less parameterization.
An Approach To Modeling Interlocked Macromolecular Complexes
P-COMP-6
JOSEPH ANGELO
COMP
Physics
A rotaxane is a molecular complex that contains a long dumbbell-shaped molecule, called the shaft
that threads a ring shaped molecule. The components are therefore chemically independent yet
mechanically linked with one another. A [3]rotaxane is a similar molecular complex that contains a long
dumbbell-shaped molecule that threads two ring shaped molecules. If the number of potential ring
binding sites on the shaft exceeds the number of rings, multiple co-conformations are possible. Such a
system might form the basis for a molecular abacus, introducing new possibilities to nanotechnology. To
facilitate the design of such a nano machine, here we address the question of how the strength of ringbinding to the shaft varies in energy with respect to position on the shaft. Previous studies have found
that a shaft with three sites exhibits strongest ring binding at the center site. Here a five-binding-site
shaft is studied.
Language Modeling Approaches for Question Answering
P-COMP-8
PROTIMA BANERJEE
Information Systems
In today’s environment of information overload, Question Answering (QA) is a critically important
research area. To make effective use of the massive amounts of readily available data, humans need
efficient tools that will bypass irrelevant information to find the precise ‘nuggets’ of data that answer
their specific questions. The human ability to synthesize, analyze and evaluate all available information
sources is limited by both time and cognitive capabilities; in order for us to make effective use of
information we require automated tools to help us make sense of the data. A two-stage strategy is
typically adopted when designing a QA system; the first stage is an Information Retrieval (IR) process
which returns a set of candidate documents and/or passages relevant to the question and the second
stage narrows the information contained in those passages down to a single response (sentence or
entity) that answers the question, typically using Information Extraction (IE) or Natural Language
Processing methods. The research described in this poster shows how statistical language modeling
techniques can be incorporated into both the first and second QA stages. We propose the Aspect-Based
Relevance Language Model as an approach that uses statistical language modeling techniques to model
a semantic Question Context, which we apply to the first stage of QA. We then derive a novel measure
called Answer Credibility, which we derive from this semantic Question Context for the purposes of
Answer Validation in the second stage of QA.
158
A Problem In The Interpretation Of A Time Dependent Wavefunction for A
Two State Oscillation System
P-COMP-9
KARL SOHLBERG
Chemistry
We can follow the flow of charge for a localized electron in a time-dependent wavefunction by
observing how the orbital expansion coefficients evolve in time. We look at the probability that a
particular orbital f has been occupied at least once between time t=0 and time t=t. Standard methods
give a result that is vanishingly small as the sampling time-step goes to zero, which is not a satisfactory
result. We use conditional probability to explore alternative interpretations. We start by considering a
simpler and analogous problem and apply the result to a two state oscillation system. co-author: HaeWon Kim, Department of Chemistry Pennsylvania State University ‘ Abrington 417 Old Main University
Park, PA 16802
Mobility Predictions Of Thin-Film Organic Materials Containing Defects
P-COMP-10
MATTHEW L. ROSSI
Chemical and biological weapon attacks are among the highest concerns for both military and civilian
defense agencies. Current methods of detection are often unreliable or difficult to develop, implement,
and use. We seek to develop a computational method for characterization of thin-film organic materials
as potential biological and chemical sensor materials. To develop a method of predicting hole mobility
in a thin-film in the presence of an analyte gas, we examine the effect on mobility due to defects, which
may take the form of not only heterogenous molecules within the crystal lattice, but also adsorbent
molecules on the surface of the film. We seek to study the mobility changes of a thin-film due to
the presence of defects by using a method presented by Deng and Goddard [J. Phys. Chem. B. 2004,
108, 8614-8621.], and study the relation between defect density and mobility. We have characterized
simple oligoacene species (naphthalene and tetracene) as well as another molecule of interest, alphadihexylquaterthiophene (DH4T). We have developed a method to estimate the mobility properties of
an organic thin film with and without the presence of defects, in addition to having determined the
relation between mobility and defect concentration.
Calculating Center of Mass in an Unbounded 2D Environment
P-COMP-11
LINGE BAI
Computer Science
We study the behavior of simple, 2-D, self-organizing primitives that interact and move in an
unbounded environment to create aggregated shapes. Each primitive is represented by a disk and a
unit point mass. In order to compare the aggregated shape produced by the primitives to other shapes,
the centers of mass of the two shapes must be aligned. We present an algorithm for calculating the
center of mass (COM) for a set of point masses that are distributed in an unbounded 2D environment.
The algorithm calculates the centroid for each coordinate component separately by forming two
“orthogonal’’ tubes, calculating a center-of-mass in 3-D for each tube and then projecting the 3-D COM
back onto the tubes, in order to produce the 2-D COM of the points.
159
COMP
Chemistry
Development and Validation of a Fully Explicit Surface
Water Infiltration Model
P-COMP-12
HAIBO ZHANG
COMP
Groundwater infiltration is an important process to include in hydrological modeling. The infiltration
rate is an important parameter required to assess the human health risks resulting from the transport
of contaminants in the environment. Several infiltration models are available in the literature.
Some give explicit estimates of infiltration while others are implicit and require iterative numerical
approaches to develope infiltration estimates. In this paper, a simple and convenient infiltration
model is introduced, the Joint Green-Ampt infiltration model. Joint Green-Ampt infiltration model
describes the surface water runoff and infiltration process under conditions without ponding at the
soil surface. It is developed by combing two existing infiltration models (the Explicit Green-Ampt
Model and Constant Flux Green-Ampt Model) into a fully explicit model. A comparison of the joint
approach against the implicit model confirms that the accuracy of the joint model is sufficient for use in
most risk assessments. The fully explicit equations make it easy to perform calculations in spreadsheet
environment. The model can be used for a constant rainfall event at uniform soil texture. Proper use
of the Joint Green-Ampt infiltration model can make infiltration estimation much easier and less
computationally burdensome.
Utilizing United States Coast Guard (Uscg) Data To Calculate
Incidence Rates and Identify Risk-Factors for Occupational Fishing
Injuries In New Jersey
P-COMP-13
EMILY RUTH DAY
Objectives: Identify and analyze the risk of occupational injuries among commercial fishing industry
workers in the state of New Jersey. Methods: Determine the most appropriate denominator data
that best captures the population of commercial fishery workers in the state of New Jersey. Calculate
occupational non-fatality injury incidence rates and fatality rates for commercial fishermen in New
Jersey who suffered unintentional traumatic injuries from the years 2001 – 2007, using data from the
United States Coast Guard (USCG) MISILE database. Develop a probability model of the correlation of
risk factors between work-related non-fatal injuries and work-related fatalities with the use of logistic
regression. Results: The results indicate that during the observed study period year is not a significant
(p-value <0.05) predictor of occupational injury incidence among New Jersey workers in the commercial
fishing industry. Due to a lack of available data, no other risk factors of occupational non-fatalities were
identified. An association between injury types and fatality incidence was determined by the fit logistic
probability model. Collision with fixed object, fall onto surface, line handling, and struck by a moving
object were injury types significantly (p-value <0.05) correlated to fatality incidence. Conclusions: The
identified probability model is a significant building block in the improvement of safety management
interventions. In addition, there is an identified need for more research to be conducted relative to the
risk factors associated with occupational fishing injuries in New Jersey.
160
Overcoming Groupthink in Distributed Heterogeneous Data Analysis
P-COMP-15
DONALD PELLEGRINO
Information Studies
COMP
The aim of this project is to decrease researchers’ susceptibility to groupthink and associated
deficiencies in the decision making and discovery processes. Many fields have ongoing initiatives to
increase digitization of resources which are already growing at an exponential rate. Examples include
digital archives of journal articles, e-science, open-notebook science and national intelligence data.
Many research initiatives attempt to address the issues of data overload although recent research
in citation analysis has shown that increasing the online availability of articles may accelerate the
development of consensus viewpoints. This may have the effect of stifling novel or surprising views in
favor of the popular view. It is hypothesized that information retrieval (IR) algorithms such as Google’s
PageRank, which weigh the results by popularity and recency factors, contribute to the acceleration of
consensus building. As information retrieval results are often a significant part of the input to a decision
making process they may be systematically introducing a bias into the overall discovery processes. It is
further hypothesized that interfaces which stress simplicity over transparency such as keyword based
search and list based result views compound this issue as users are generally unaware of the existence
of such bias and are therefore unable to properly account for it. Measures of interest such as those
that have been successfully applied in bioinformatics might be applied in IR to provide results that
complement the consensus hits with meaningful alternative viewpoints. Information visualizations may
be used to increase the transparency of results and expose more sophisticated dimensions of relevance.
The research question is how such measures and visualizations can best be applied to the design of IR
systems to help researchers overcome the limitations of groupthink.
Data Pump Architecture
P-COMP-16
DOUGLAS JONES
Computer Science
This poster presents the Data Pump Architecture (DPA), an embedded parameterizable compute
architecture designed for high performance streaming computations. The architecture mitigates the
performance gap between standard memory subsystems and the CPU by allowing an instance of
the system to be configured such that its characteristics support the data access needs of a specific
algorithm or application. The DPA uses dedicated memory control software to manage data load
and stores to fast on-chip memory. Computation is performed on a set of dedicated processors
that load to register files directly from on-chip memory. This approach contrasts with load-store
architectures in which on-chip memory is managed implicitly by a set of intrinsic rules that cannot
be modified by the programmer. The DPA approach allows the programmer to maintain complete
control over on-chip memory, ensuring that its contents is exactly the working set that is needed to
perform the computation without stalling for memory subsystem transfers. The burden of writing
separate programs to manage memory is removed through the use of automated algorithm and code
generation. The DPA system has been implemented as both a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
system and as a software system that simulates the key aspects of the DPA’s data transfer and compute
architecture and can provide a performance estimate without having to build a particular instantiation
of the architecture. This system provides a framework for investigating the construction of the optimal
memory system architecture for a given set of algorithms.
161
Thermodynamic Simulation of Synthesis of Carbide Derived Carbon
P-COMP-17
TAHA DEMIRKAN
COMP
Carbide derived carbons (CDC), made by chlorination of carbides (TiC, SiC, ZrC, Mo2C, or Ti3SiC2)
at elevated temperature, have shown superior performance over activated carbons in a variety
of applications such as supercapacitors, gas storage, or sorption of biomolecules. Thermodynamic
simulation based on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle is a powerful tool in predicting
reaction products. Such predictions can save experimental time, decrease number of experiments and
can be used to analyze equilibrium reactions between a variety of carbides and halogens at different
temperatures. FactSage’ is one of the largest software packages with a fully integrated database in
chemical thermodynamics and can be used to provide accurate predictions and to understand chemical
phenomena of the reactions for CDCs. The software uses several databases which were compiled by
many researchers. In this study, thermodynamic analysis of reactions between various metal carbides
and halogens (Cl2, I2, F2, Br) has been performed. Work was also done on hydrothermal reactions,
halogenation processes, and thermal etching of carbides due to their importance in terms of carbon
production. The objective of this work is to provide information on stability and yield of the reaction
products for determining the reaction conditions that would lead to specific materials. The reactions
were examined as a function of different mole fractions, temperatures, and pressures to obtain the
maximum carbon yield within experimentally possible conditions.
Identifying, Evaluating and Recommending Digital Collections:
A Social Community Approach
P-COMP-18
ROBIN A. NAUGHTON
Catherine E. Hall, Xia Lin
Information Studies
In this poster, we present our design of a digital collection system that will respond to the challenges
of identification and organization of digital collections as well as a process for reviewing, ranking
and recommending digital collections through the creation of an online digital collection community.
Although there is an abundance of digital collections offering content of cultural interest, educational
value and historical significance, it is still difficult for people to locate collections which satisfy their
information needs. A failure to agree upon a universal metadata standard for describing digital
material makes retrieval of collections with web search engines difficult. To counter this, several tools
have been developed which aim to help users locate digital materials. OAIster is perhaps the largest and
best known of these, but since it harvests metadata at the item level, finding entire collections using
OAIster can be frustrating. Furthermore, there is as yet no mechanism within OAIster for browsing
by subject. Some of OAIster’s organizational difficulties are addressed by the Digital Collections and
Content and Opening History tools developed by the University of Illinois. These registries offer the
ability to browse collections at the subject level as well as search for individual items. Despite the
developments of such tools there is still much to be done to maximize the usage of digital materials. At
the collection level, users need help from the social community to identify, evaluate, and understand
the purpose, scope, and quality of each collection, while having the opportunity to review, rank and
recommend materials. Our digital collection repository system indentifies a set of core collections
through an exploration of the digital materials created by the nation’s top universities and public
libraries. Librarians and library school students will assist to identify, evaluate, and organize digital
collections, and registered users will review, rank and recommend collections within the system and
from other open-access repositories.
162
A Dynamic Visualization Interface for Search Service
P-COMP-20
HAOZHEN ZHAO
Information Studies
Visualization methods such as node-link trees and space-filling representations expose semantic
relationships using spatial arguments to communicate information in ways that text cannot. In this
paper, we describe a prototype system that visualizes semantic relationships of search results from the
XML-based search service APIs of a large database. OSTI, the source selected for our proof-of-concept
prototype, is a major government energy database offering broad coverage of alternative energy
resource information including solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal topics, among others. The
intent is to expand this prototype to facilitate document retrieval clustering around subject terms from
any of several large databases with XML-enabled APIs.
Clustering Analysis Of Information Library Courses
P-COMP-21
LIFAN GUO
The field of library and Information science as a separate discipline is not relatively new but is
undergoing continuous change as technology evolves and the field mature. Variety of trends and issues
related to the competencies and education of professionals has been studied during the past decade in
light of these significant changes in the LIS professions.On the other hand, clustering as a mature data
mining method could be used to analyze unstructured data to indicate different groups. In this study,
we want to combine these two aspects to explore these changes in the LIS professions through the lens
of clustering analysis of all courses in 55 ALA LIS school.
Higher Energy Levels in Coupled Josephson Junction Phase Qubits
P-COMP-22
ZECHARIAH THRAILKILL
Physics
Josephson junctions are one viable candidate for use as qubits in quantum computation. Using an
anharmonic oscillator model, we have analyzed systems with three, four, and more qubits capacitively
coupled together. In order to fully utilize these systems, the influence of energy levels higher than the
ground and first excited states in the qubits must be examined. We will discuss the impact these higher
energy levels have on the natural state evolution of the system, quantum information transfer, and
state manipulation using a time independent, or adiabatically changing Hamiltonian.
163
COMP
Information Studies
Social Network Data Sharing and Integration
P-COMP-23
XUNING TANG
Information Studies
Social networks are valuable resources for intelligence and law enforcement force in their investigations
when they want to identify suspects, terrorist or criminal subgroups and their communication patterns.
However, missing information in a terrorist or criminal social network always diminish the effectiveness
of investigation. It is unfortunate that individual agency usually has only part of a terrorist or criminal
social network due to their limited information sources. Sharing and integration of social networks
from different agencies help increasing its effectiveness; however, information sharing is usually
forbidden due to the concern of privacy preservation. Our goal is to provide a framework of integrating
social networks and doing graph mining while preserving information privacy. We will compare
different sub-graph generalization methods and design a mechanism to integrate the generalized
information to conduct social network analysis and mining.
Document Clustering Based on the LSI Probabilistic Subspace Model
P-COMP-24
WEIZHONG ZHU
COMP
Robert B. Allen
Information Studies
Feature representation and selection are major challenges for automatic document clustering. We
developed a novel method based on the LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing) probabilistic subspace model for
this problem. The top ranking conceptual terms or term clusters are selected to represent the corpora
according to their global and local statistical contribution to the LSI term space. Then, each term or
document is defined as a signature which represents the distribution of its local statistical contribution
on the top ranking LSI concept dimensions. Finally, two novel similarity measures are applied between
the concept signatures and the document signatures, which bridge the LSI subspaces and significantly
improve the performance of the clustering algorithms such as basic K-means and Self-organizing
Mapping (SOM) efficiently and effectively. The two similarity measures are also potentially useful
for automatically identification of the cluster labels. The evaluation suggests that the top ranking
conceptual terms or term clusters dominate the performance of the two basic clustering algorithms.
Moreover, the subsets generated by the algorithms allow learning to reach the maximum using even
less than 12% of the overall conceptual terms.
Improved GMP Tuning
P-COMP-25
LINGCHUAN MENG
Computer Science
The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) is an efficient and widely used library for
arbitrary precision integer arithmetic. It is used in computer algebra systems such as Maple that
rely on exact integer arithmetic and many cryptographic libraries whose security depends on large
integer computations. GMP uses a polyalgorithm for integer multiplication consisting of the classical
schoolbook method, Karatsuba’s algorithm, the Toom-Cook algorithm, and Schonhage-Strassen FFT
based algorithm. The efficiency of the polyalgorithm is highly dependent on a set of thresholds that
determine when one algorithm switches to the next. These thresholds are determined at installation
time using a series of empirical measurements. However, the current procedure for determining
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thresholds can fail to find optimal settings. In this work we develop an improved technique for
determining threshold settings which leads to up to a 10% performance improvement for the resulting
multiplication algorithm. Experimental results are presented for a variety of computer platforms.
Derivation and Validation Of A Valve Regulate Lead Acid (Vrla)
Battery Model
P-COMP-26
MICHAEL KNAUFF
Chika Nwankpa
Dynamic simulation is increasingly used in the development of electrical systems. It is therefore
important to develop more accurate models for such simulations. Recent public interest in hybrid
electric vehicles necessitates a better understanding of the operation of systems with multiple power
sources (hybrid power systems). Several types of novel energy storage devices have been proposed
for such systems, but it is also possible that valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries will be used in
such system due to their low cost. This poster depicts the derivation and validation of a dynamic VRLA
battery model using data obtained using an automated battery testing platform.
Recommending Collaborators
COMP
P-COMP-27
SIDATH GUNAWARDENA
Information Systems
The technological advances of the latter part of the 20th Century have opened the door for scholarly
collaboration on an unparalleled level. Such collaboration between researchers has become one of
the drivers of scientific research. The scientific community is now faced with many Grand Challenges:
in environmental science, how to address local and regional climate variability; in the health sciences,
how to create new vaccines in health science; in neuroscience, how the brain produces mental activity.
These challenges require the combined efforts of several scientists and engineers with complementary
expertise. Federal agencies mandated to promote the growth of science, such as the National Science
Foundation, place a strong emphasis on cross-institutional multidisciplinary collaboration when
awarding grants. Academic researchers are also faced with the challenge of how to be successful
professionals. The are multiple pressures and demands of academic life; publishing and obtaining
grant funding are two that in some institutions are closely tied to obtaining tenure. These pressures
are particularly intense on incoming junior faculty. One way to meet these obligations is to engage
in multidisciplinary collaboration. However, discovering collaborators in unfamiliar disciplines is
not an easy task. Collaborators are usually discovered through encounters at conferences or by the
recommendation of a colleague. However, these methods work best for locating collaborators in allied
disciplines. Researchers do not have the time to wrestle with multiple domain taxonomies to utilize
alternate solutions such as search engines, expert locators, and community portals. Thus, there is a
perceived need on a micro and macro level to facilitate multidisciplinary collaboration. My research
explores the potential of a recommender system to recommend multidisciplinary collaboration
partners for researchers in an academic context. My initial approach proxies funded grant proposal as
collaboration experiences, from which repeating patterns of collaboration are extracted. A researcher
can be matched to these patterns and the best match can be used to recommend collaboration
partners. The advantage over current methods is that the researcher only need specify their own
information and does not have to give any specifics on the collaborators sought. A researcher would
specify information about themselves such as their research interests, seniority, department, and
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home institution. The system would then seek out collaboration patterns which include a member
with characteristics similar to the researcher. The recommendation would then be to collaborate with
individuals similar to the remaining collaborators in the pattern. This information could then be fed
into existing solutions such as an expert locator to discover specific collaborators.
Refactoring the Threads out of Multithreaded Software
P-COMP-28
ROBERT LANGE
Computer Science
As multicore and heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms replace traditional uniprocessor systems,
software programs must be designed with a greater emphasis on concurrency. Threading has become
the dominant paradigm of concurrent computation in the most popular programming languages,
such as C/C++ and Java. Large threaded programs are known to be difficult to implement correctly,
comprehend, and maintain. Concurrent programs written in process algebraic paradigms of concurrency
are known to be easier to analyze and to compose. The goal of this research is to explore techniques
for the extraction of process algebraic specifications of threaded programs, with the goal of migrating
legacy code from the threaded paradigm of concurrency to a process algebraic paradigm, such as
Hoare’s Communicating Sequential Processes.
COMP
NBody simulations and Globular Clusters
P-COMP-29
DAVID LAPOINT
Physics
N-body simulations allow us to model stellar dynamics with the convenience of being faster than real
time. Having the right tools in place gives us the benefit of beginning research quickly and effectively
without the need to write extraneous code. A relatively new software suite, MUSE, will be tested to
verify it’s accuracy against older, more proven software. Once MUSE is tested, it shall be used to explore
globular star systems and the effects primordial mass segregation have on the lifetime and evolution
of the cluster. Current studies shows that early mass loss is more destructive to an unsegregated cluster,
resulting in an accelerated arrival to a less concentrated structure and flattening of the initial stellar
mass function.
Identifiability Analysis for Indoor Air Fate and Transport Model
Of Bacillus Anthracis
P-COMP-30
TAO HONG
A model used for assessing the distribution of Bacillus anthracis spores on different indoor surfaces is
developed. To estimate risk, the quantity and particle size of pathogens released is important, and the
process of computing this information from sampling results is termed system identification. In this
project, condition number will be employed to evaluate if environmental sampling can identify the
quantity and particle sizes of a pathogen release. When four different spore sizes are required to be
identified, four sampling surfaces are needed from five available sampling surfaces in one compartment
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model or nine in a two compartment model, respectively. But none of these models can provide a
satisfactory condition number which indicates that collinearity prevents identification of the size
fractions of the release. If the identification target is reduced to three different spore sizes, the overall
condition numbers are decreased, and three forms of two-compartment models are identifiable which
implies that sampling surfaces from two compartments can reduce collinearity and supply stable results.
A topic for future research is incorporating measurement error in this analysis. Model sensitivity and
uncertainty analysis will be carried out.
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDMA Systems Based on
Averaging over Successive Blocks
P-COMP-31
YUPENG LIU
An uplink OFDMA system is considered. Different users use different transmit antennas, thus, each
user contributes a different carrier frequency offset (CFO) at the receiver. The multiple CFOs introduce
intercarrier interference, and impede user separation and transmit signal recovery. There are papers
employing the filters banks or one whole block of pilots to beat the CFOs. But these approaches suffer
from high complexity or lack frequency or multiuser diversity. To overcome these drawbacks, a low
complexity CFO estimation approach is proposed for estimating multiple CFOs. Subcarriers are used to
transmit data or pilots. The pilots carriers are placed far from each other and carry the same symbol
over a number of successive blocks. A user’s CFO is obtained based on averaging over consecutive
OFDM blocks of the signal corresponding to the pilot tone of that user. Simulation results suggest that
accurate CFOs estimation is possible with a very small amount of averaging, which makes the method
applicable to the case of slowly varying channels. The proposed approach does not require channel
state information, which is important as channel state information cannot be easily obtained before
CFO correction.
Computational Modeling of Bohmian Mechanics
P-COMP-32
RORY MCGURTY
Physics
The ontological interpretation provided by Bohmian Mechanics is a non-relativistic, deterministic, nonlocal hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics which predicts the same experimental results as the
Copenhagen Interpretation. Bohmian mechanics introduces a quantum potential U in addition to the
hamiltonian H. The quantum potential is similar in nature to de Broglie’s pilot-waves i.e. the particle
affects the potential concurrent with the potential affecting the trajectory of the particle. Experiments
by Couder and Fort using droplets bouncing on a bath of the same fluid illustrate this complemantary
behavior on a macroscopic scale. These experiments can be modeled with particular attention to the
behavior of the particles when passing through one or two slits. Such modeling provides an alternative
explanation for interference patterns obtained from the double-slit experiment.
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COMP
Exploring the Tripartite Network Structure formed in Social Tagging System
P-COMP-34
CAIMEI LU
Xiaohua (Tony) Hu, Jung-ran Park
Library and Information Science
Social tagging, also called social annotation and collaborative tagging, is a recent phenomenon in
the collaborative web space. The social tagging activities by users form a tripartite network, which
is composed of three types of nodes: Web pages, tags, and users. The underlying structure of such
a tripartite network can be analyzed and utilized for many application purposes, such as web page
classification and clustering, social interest discovery, automatic tag suggestion, and personalized web
search. The research outlined in this poster aims to identify the hidden structures from such a tripartite
network formed in social tagging systems. For this purpose, we adopt a model proposed in previous
research for analyzing the structure of K-partite graphs. Based on this model, a relation summary
network is constructed to approximate the original tripartite social tagging network through a range
of distortion measures. The constructed relation summary network not only provides information
about the local cluster structures of the three type of nodes (web page, tag, user), but also the global
connection structure of the whole social tagging network. Experiments are carried out on a real-world
social tagging data set sampled from del.icio.us from January 2009 to February 2009. Meaningful results
are obtained and discussed.
COMP
Modeling and Simulation of Holographically Formed Polymer Dispersed
Liquid Crystal Photomask Transmission
P-COMP-35
ANNA FOX
Adam Fontecchio
Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystal films act as a wavelength specific light valve
as a result of their nanoscale structure and periodic refractive index modulation. The liquid crystal
component adds electro-optic control of the transmitted light by varying the index of alternating
structure layers. Many applications have been developed using this material, a particularly novel
application is an electrically controllable photomask developed in the author’s group. In order to
model the behavior of the film, several simulations have been performed to optimize grating and mask
performance. Simulations include modeling of grating transmission, modeling of near-field diffraction
which can be the limiting factor in contact photolithography, and modeling of electric field fringing
outside of electrode regions.
A Case Study on the Automatic Composition of
Network Application Mashups
P-COMP-36
MAXIM SHEVERTALOV
Computer Science
This poster presents an approach that automates the creation of network application mashups.
Mashups are applications that integrate select features of networked software systems. Using our
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approach, users create mashups by demonstrating how features of two or more applications are used in
conjunction with one another. They provide the network traffic that was captured from the execution
of those features, and our tool generates the source code of a mashup that integrates the features.
Analysis of Astronomical Datasets on a Beowulf Cluster
P-COMP-37
MAX SOLOFF
Beowulf PC clusters are now widely used in many branches of science where they have become key
tools for the analysis of large datasets resulting from laboratory experiments, field observations or
numerical simulations. However, although Beowulf clusters have been of great benefit to scientific
research, no publicly available parallelized software package exist to perform even the most common
operations needed in the analysis and visualization of large datasets. In sharp contrast with the
situation for non-parallelized data analysis, where a wealth of software packages performing standard
data-reduction tasks are available to researchers, for parallel data analysis and visualization each
individual group has tended to develop its own set of specialized tools. The increasing diffusion of
multi-processor PCs further increase the demand of software packages for parallel data analysis.
Beowulf Analysis Symbolic Interface (BASIN) is a flexible, integrated suite of tools for parallel data
analysis and visualization which has been designed and is currently been developed to address these
concerns; BASIN is aimed at providing researchers with a package which allows them to harness the
power of Beowulf PC clusters and multi-processor machines without necessarily being experts in parallel
programming. While BASIN is motivated by problems particular to astrophysics, its core functionalities
and parallel data distribution and manipulation are general end provide a number of general to easily
develop libraries specific to data analysis in a number of different fields. Drexel is a partner in the
Sloane Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and will be a partner in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
Queries to large SQL databases such as the catalogs in SDSS and LSST often involve complex calculations
on large datasets. In many cases, when the data analysis can be done in parallel, it would be preferable
to have the cluster take over the majority of the workload. I am working on a set of tools to allow
BASIN to connect to and download data directly from a SQL database. By making simple cuts before
retrieving data and then using BASIN to perform the more intensive calculations, the user can optimize
the manner in which these calculations are performed.
Schema Matching for Aligning Math Educational Standards Using MP
(Materialization Pattern) Model
P-COMP-38
NAMYOUN CHOI
Il-Yeol Song, Yuan An
Information Systems
The need of searching for resource by educational standards has been recently increased due to
the increasing availability of on-line K-12 curriculum and standard-based reform movement for an
educational system. Automated or semi-automated alignment systems for educational standards have
been recently available. However, consistent and accurate alignments for educational standards are
still challenged. In this research, we present the alignment method for math educational standard
statements using the MP (Materialization Pattern) model. We aim to provide more semantics for math
educational standards alignment in order to achieve an easy access and retrieval to resources assigned
with different states. First, we propose the MP model that captures the semantics of English sentence
diagrams based on the Reed Kellogg system. Second, we convert MP schemas to two graphs which
169
COMP
Physics
are a verb phrase graph and a noun phrase graph. We align different math educational standards
statements using graph matching with the Bloom taxonomy, the WordNet, and the math ontology. Our
case studies show that our alignment method provides more semantics for aligning math educational
standard statements by giving different degree of alignments. The strengths of our alignment method
are as follows: 1) we propose the MP model that is suitable for modeling math educational standard
statements, extracts learning objects from statements, and uses the current UML notation. 2) Our graph
matching uses a graph isomorphism and it makes the comparison of the same type of MP statements
easier. 3) Extraction of learning objects enables us to give different degree of alignments such as fully
aligned, partially aligned, poorly aligned, and no alignment.
Topic Map Based Information Architecture for Cybercrime Research
P-COMP-39
KI JUNG LEE
COMP
Il-Yeol Song
Addressing cybercrime issues in a research perspective usually result in a handful of common goals
and approaches of how to mitigate cybercrime in the end. To that end, various class of actors in
law enforcement, public sectors, and academics work together by making use of cybercrime related
information. However, unlike established goals and approaches, information resources are far from
meaningful organization for efficient access or straightforward standardization for immediate
processing by computer and / or human agents. In order to minimize the stated problems, this
research describes a framework of information architecture that can offer efficient and effective
access to information resources in relation to cybercrime. Using topic maps approach, the framework
demonstrates methods to organize large and heterogeneous sets of information resources and build a
structured semantic link network over the resources. Using the information architecture, information
systems can be designed which should enable the actors to utilize information resources for their tasks
and immanent goals, hence serve for the common theme of cybercrime mitigation in the end.
Learning Scientific Topics from Biomedical Figures in Online Journals
P-COMP-40
XIN CHEN
Information Systems
Recent researches in biomedical and life sciences produce hundreds of thousands of digital publications
each year. Several free digital databases (such as PubMed Central) are available for users to retrieve
full-text biomedical literatures (including figures) from the data repository. Although PubMed Central
provides users immediate access to up-to-date biomedical publications, however, it’s still very difficult
for users to query and retrieve biomedical figures from online publications. Since biomedical figures
always contain the most important results in published papers, it’s of great importance to build a
content-based image retrieval system for online biomedical figures, which can be queried by either
images or words. With the help of generative latent space models, it’s possible to make image features
associated with caption words. Particularly, a novel Correspondence LDA model is introduced, which
uncovers the latent semantic topics from the co-occurrence patterns of caption words and extracted
visual words.
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Optimizing Parallelization of Complex Signal-Processing Algorithms to
Minimize Power Consumption
P-COMP-41
M. ERIC CARR
There are many well-known methods of optimizing speed of execution of arbitrary algorithms on a
given target hardware platform via parallelization. However, there exists as yet no similar deterministic
method for the global optimization with respect to specific power consumption for a given problem on
a given target hardware platform. Such a power-consumption-minimizing algorithm would be useful,
since it would facilitate the design of more efficient devices which use signal-processing techniques.
Specifically, such an algorithm would be applicable to the problem of optimizing software-defined
radios (SDRs) for the lowest possible power consumption on a given target platform, given certain
minimal performance constraints. Our approach is based on the idea that any given algorithm which
can be run on a digital computer can be expressed as a sum of products. Such a sum can generally
be expressed in a number of equivalent ways due to the associative property; the enumeration of
functionally unique expressions from a given complete set of possible expressions is homomorphic
to the problem of Catalan numbers. This number can be quite large for even a relatively small sum,
but the number can be substantially reduced through an analysis of symmetries in the collection of
possible representations. Since any given implementation of an algorithm on a given target device
can be characterized in terms of its execution time and specific power consumption, a search space
can be constructed wherein each unique expression of the initial algorithm can be compared to the
others, allowing a systematic search to be conducted for the specific implementation which best fits an
arbitrary set of criteria (for example, lowest power consumption given fixed performance constraints.)
We present an example algorithm optimized for power consumption for use in a hand-held SDR.
Phase Shifting Transformer Model for Analog Computation
P-COMP-42
JUAN C. JIMENEZ
Analog computation is an area of continued interest and has certain advantages over traditional digital
computation. Among the advantages are significantly faster computation time as it is independent of
network size and complexity and physically realizable solutions. Analog modeling is a natural fit to
promising applications of active power flow regulation such as phase ‘ shifting transformers. Accurate
analog models of power system components are required in order to realize an analog computation
engine for power systems. Prior research in this field has modeled generators, transmission lines
and loads. The transformer model developed in this work provides a more accurate depiction of the
network and captures the behavior of phase shifting transformer. The transformer model is verified via
software simulation.
171
COMP
Warren Rosen
Applied Engineering Technology
Dynamic Model Order Reduction for Shipboard Integrated Power Systems
P-COMP-43
SUDIPTA LAHIRI
COMP
Analysis of the behavior of the shipboard Integrated Power System (IPS) requires a high fidelity model
of the differential algebraic equations (DAEs) of the continuous dynamics and the discrete switching
actions that characterize operation of protection system, load shedding, network reconfiguration
and operation of secondary energy storage device. At the same time, certain applications, such as
design of supervisory optimal control strategies for the shipboard IPS, impose restrictions on the
size of the computational state space over which the optimal control is evaluated. The continuous
dynamics of the shipboard IPS have time-scales which vary from tenths of a second, for generator
electromagnetic dynamics, to several minutes, for state of charge of energy storage devices. This paper
presents a systematic approach to extract the dynamics in the time scale of interest using singular
perturbation techniques, while preserving the relevant model details. The continuous time full order
dynamic model of the shipboard power system includes models for the following subsystems: twinshaft (aero-derivative) gas turbine1, governor fuel flow, two axis model of a three phase synchronous
generator with wound rotor, static brushless excitation system, propulsion motor loads modeled
as induction motors and Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS). The algebraic equations are the stator
current equations, power flow equations and exciter and governor limits. The factor of separation
between the time-scales of the fast and slow subsystems of the dynamic IPS model is 7-10. The dynamic
IPS model is expressed in explicit form, where the fast dynamics have time constants that are a factor
of a small parameter epsilon, which is selected as the smallest eigenvalue of the linearized system.
During classification of the fast and slow subsystems, the unique features of the marine gas turbine,
such as fast governor response, and distribution of mass on the shaft coupled to the compressor and
the shaft coupled to the generator, have been taken into account. The fast subsystem is shown to be
asymptotically stable, and the equilibrium state of the slow subsystem attracts the fast subsystem from
its initial state. The fast dynamics are approximated by algebraic equations as epsilon approaches zero.
These equations are combined with the existing algebraic equations, to complete the reduced order
DAE model of the IPS. For validation purposes a dynamic simulation tool has been built in Mathematica
which uses symbolic computation capabilities to simulate complex non-linear dynamics as well as
controlled and uncontrolled discrete actions. Several fault scenarios and control actions have been
investigated. Our simulation results show that the lower order model accurately tracks the full-order
model during the transient time period and both models converge to the same steady state. Order
reduction of the dynamic model presents significant advantages in selection of appropriate timesteps for single time-step simulation techniques, as well as an exponential reduction in the size of the
computational state space for synthesis of supervisory optimal controller.
West Philadelphia Hyrbid X Prize Car
P-COMP-44
JIMMY HOAC
The Progressive Automotive X Prize competition is an international competition to inspire innovation
and creativity to design, build, and compete with super-efficient vehicles that could potentially aid
in breaking the addiction to oil. The West Philadelphia Hybrid X team have reached out to Drexel
University and enlisted into help of two co-op students to aid in the design and layout of the engine
compartment and control system of the hybrid electric vehicle they are entering into this competition.
The car must produce 100 miles per gallon while being marketable to the general public. In an attempt
to deliver a vehicle that meets these requirements, several options were examined in order to produce
a cost effective, efficient, and innovative design. Several production and concept model diesel and
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gasoline fueled options for the internal combustion engine for the hybrid system were studied in
some detail. Flow and thermal analysis were done using SolidWorks and COSMOS Floworks to validate
the efficiency and claims of concept diesel engines such as the Bourke engine. Based on our work,
the Harley engine was chosen for the first generation of the car. The engine compartment of a 2008
Ford Focus chassis will be completely redesigned to accommodate this engine and an electric motor.
Mounting plates for the electric and gas motor, in addition to a system of pulleys and unique clutch
mechanism, were modeled and designed to create a fully functional hybrid drive train. Design work and
machining of the custom parts needed is still an ongoing project.
The Substitution Effect On The Charge Mobility Of
Metal Free Phthalocyanine
P-COMP-45
CHOONGKEUN LEE
Charge mobility is the one of the important parameters in selecting organic conducting materials for
developing light, cheap, and flexible electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED),
data storage, field-effect transistors (FET), and solar cells. The discotic materials such as phthalocyanine
are of special interest because of their capacity for fast charge transfer. Usually, in a molecular crystal,
the charge mobility is assumed to be approximated by Marcus-Huss theory. In Marcus-Huss theory,
charge mobility is governed by two parameters, coupling matrix element and reorganization energy.
These parameters can be controlled by substitution,. We have employed electronic structure calculations
to investigate the substitution effect on the charge mobility in phthalocyanine. In some derivatives of
phthalocyanine, mobility is improved by substitution. The details of the effect of substitution on charge
mobility will be presented.
Aircraft Loss-Of-Control Prevention and Recovery Strategies
P-COMP-46
JEAN-ETIENNE TEMGOUA DONGMO
The complexity of modern commercial and military aircraft and ground vehicles has necessitated better
control design techniques and recovery strategies after abnormal maneuvers and failures leading
to vehicles loss- of-control [1.2]. With the tremendous advances in computer technology and better
understanding of mathematical models, a number of issues (failure and recovery, operation near critical
points) addressed only moderately in the past in the control system community have regained interest.
All aerospace vehicles are intrinsically nonlinear [3]. Bifurcation analysis [4...6] and continuation
techniques have been used to investigate the nonlinear behavior of flying vehicles and the known
fact is that knowledge of the critical point structure is extremely important for the definition of flight
envelope boundary and the resolution of flight safety problems [3]. Typically gain scheduling and linear
feedback control laws are design to manage flight operations. It is well known that near the boundaries
of the flight envelope such feedback control laws have limitations due to actuators saturation and
highly nonlinear flight dynamics [7]. We are investigating the existence of a critical regime and the
design of protection and recovery strategies that would prevent the aircraft from entering the critical.
We compute the largest controlled invariant set contained within a prescribed flight envelope by
posing the problem as a reachability analysis. This set is called the ‘safe set.’ The reachable set can be
formulated as Hamilton-Jacobi Equation Partial Differential Equation (HJE-PDE) where a cost function
173
COMP
Chemistry
has to be minimized [8..9]. The goal is to derive a strategy that insures that the aircraft remains in that
set and to recover should it depart from it.
Loss-of-Control (LOS) in aircraft is defined as the departure of the vehicle from the safe set. This
circumstance may be reached either through failure, disturbance or unintended maneuvers. The safe
set boundary requires a particular feedback law to insure that the aircraft does not leave the safe set
because some of the points on the boundary are not regular. A number of protection and recovery
strategies were implemented starting with and an extended linearization model up to the third degree
where nonlinear terms may play a role in increasing the safe flight envelope and allow the pilot to
have room for maneuverability. The idea comes from [10...12] where a linear quadratic regulator is
used combined with Lyapunov analysis to maintain stability in the closed loop system. Even though the
design works, it suffers implementation constraints due to actuator limitations.
It is well known in the control community, that operation around some critical points pose difficult
challenges due to degeneracy of the zero dynamics [13...15] which, among other things, do not allow
stabilization using smooth feedback [16..17]. Based on that known fact, we investigate a recovery
strategy using High Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC) initial introduce by Emelyanov et al [18] and
Bartolini et al[19…20] in the early 1980s and has attracted the international for two main reasons:
first: insensitivity to parameters variations and finite time convergence to the sliding manifold. Second:
Chattering effects caused by unmodeled cascade dynamics of the standard sliding controller can be
reduced [18]. Once in-flight critical points can be stabilized or recovered, High Order sliding mode
controllers and High Order sliding Mode observers for state estimation [21] would play an important
role in the integration of the complete control system with a supervisory control for a fault tolerant
control strategy
COMP
Third Wave HCI: Design in the “World”
P-COMP-47
MONICA MACELI
Information Studies
The field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) can be seen as entering a third wave of theory and
methodology. The first phase of HCI took a relatively narrow view of interaction as between one
person and one system, with rigid methodologies often constrained to the laboratory. The second
wave of HCI, out of which arose most methods that are in use today, began to take a broader view of
interaction and systems; researchers looked to real-world situations, communities and work practices to
understand behavior and context, with theory emphasizing the distributed, situated nature of real life
problem solving. The third wave continues this work and seeks to further our current understanding of
interaction, as highly complex, spanning multiple contexts of use (such as workplace and home), with
changing configurations of artifacts and mediators. Additionally, this third phase attempts to integrate
concepts such as emotion, experience, and reflexivity into the design and evaluation process. As the
second wave leaves many unanswered questions, there is little clarity as to how to proceed with third
wave research and practice, although general agreement that the field must advance in this direction
to capture and support real-life use. Through readings both within and outside of the field of HCI, I
have identified a number of dimensions of design and use that are relevant to the evolving field, with a
focus on techniques to allow for flexible yet coherent systems that can be designed in use, by real users
in the ‘real world’. Additionally, I explore what a process of shared design responsibility, between users
and designers, might look like and the feasibility of ‘design without designers’.
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Construction of Index Funds under Risk Averse Constraint
P-COMP-48
GULAY SAMATLI
In this study, we will consider the portfolio construction problem where the objective of investor is
to create a portfolio which captures the performance of the benchmark market index with a limited
number of stocks. This problem, also known as index tracking, is the most popular passive investment
strategy whose popularity has been growing dramatically. Although it sounds unambitious to mimic
the market index without beating it, index tracking portfolios generally end up beating most actively
managed funds over years through their lower costs, lower risks compared to active managed
portfolios. While constructing a portfolio, we will impose a probabilistic constraint on the volatility
of the portfolio return. This risk constraint forces the portfolio to have a variance smaller than the
acceptable risk level with a large probability. With the probabilistic constraint, this problem becomes
stochastic integer programming. To solve, we will propose mixed-integer nonlinear programming
formulations of the problem based on the outer approximation algorithm.
Application of Modern Analog Computation to Analyze Perturbations in
Power System Network
T-COMP-1
This paper provides an insight into the analog representation of a stochastic model of a power system
based on the introduction of perturbations in the swing equations as random noise processes. Analog
computation, though being quick and realizable, is a technology that was beset by the need for bulky
hardware and constant manual reconfiguration of parameters. Analog realization of stochastics,
being a mimic of the real time system, provides instantaneous system response to perturbations in
the power system network. Power System models being inherently non linear are difficult to analyze
numerically. The iterative processes or the exhaustive search algorithms used in the digital analysis
are time consuming and assume linearization of the system. They are used extensively in the present
day because they are easy to operate and precise. Certain complex systems like Power Systems can
generate phenomena that cannot completely be analyzed by digital analysis. Their behavior may
be represented by a scheme that combines both the deterministic and stochastic source. Analog
realization of stochastics, being a mimic of the real time system, provides instantaneous system
response to perturbations in the power system network. This paper uses recent advancements in analog
computation to miniaturize the hardware circuitry required along with the implementation of remote
processing of circuit parameters and at the same time provide faster than real time analysis to boost
security system analysis during faults or contingency.
175
COMP
VASISTA SRIDHAR MAJJI
Development of a Bayesian Network Model Schema that Builds
on Existing FMECAs
E-COMP-1
JOHN MADSEN
COMP
Background: The Institute of Medicine’s 2000 report entitled To Err is Human states that as many
as 98,000 people die each year as a result of medical error in the United States. Subsequent studies
indicate that this may be an underestimate. Awareness of the patient safety problem has led to
widespread attempts to encourage quality improvement in America, from legislation requiring incident
reporting to pay-for-performance programs. Evaluating and improving process design has been
recognized as a critical element in improving patient safety. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation
of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) recommends a technique called failure mode effect and criticality
analysis (FMECA), which has been widely used in improving the safety of medical processes. This tool’s
uses are limited because of its inability to examine the possibility of multiple errors occurring in a
process.
Methods: Efforts were centered on the creation of a generalizable schema that could be used in
creating models more descriptive of the possibility of multiple errors contributing to unwanted
outcomes. For this purpose, we use a Bayesian Network (BN) to incorporate both the process flow
diagram and the probabilities/frequencies of various failures and their consequences for a given
procedure. Steps from process flow diagrams used in creating FMECAs are categorized into action steps
and validation steps, which are organized with potential outcomes and probabilities into a resulting
matrix that represents all possible combinations of errors as well as the probability that any given error
(or combination of errors) will occur. The model is first used as an influence diagram to determine
which possible branches in a chain of steps may be eliminated. Once branches with higher probabilities
of error are eliminated, the streamlined BN will indicate the probability that any outcome is reached
by any combination of steps with any combination of errors. An existing FMECA completed for blood
transfusion is used to illustrate our method.
Results: The resulting model is useful for several reasons. Decision analysis can be performed to
ascertain what potential errors can simply be eliminated from the process. High probability errors are
noticeable, but more importantly, dangerous combinations of error are highlighted. Depending on the
level of specificity achieved in the initial FMECA, specific health outcomes can be attached to specific
errors, creating a diagnostic tool for use in later root-cause analyses. The model can be adjusted readily,
so proposed changes in the process can be examined, at least in a hypothetical setting, before being
tested in an actual health care setting.
Conclusion: Creation of a BN model increases the value of time intensive labor already performed
during FMECAs. This method shares some of the benefits of more sophisticated modeling approaches
but builds off of the widely used FMECA framework already recommended by JCAHO. It achieves the
goal of determining which combinations of error lead to undesired outcomes.
A Simple yet Robust Multi-touch Software Development Platform
E-COMP-10
MATTHEW PROCKUP
Brian Dolhansky
Multi-touch technology allows a user to use multiple points of touch simultaneously to interface with
a computer. This allows the user to more intuitively interact with a computer. Recent advances in
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multi-touch technology make a practical, full-scale multi-touch surface a possibility in the near future.
However, most research in this technology is done by private companies or small groups of hobbyists.
These unconnected research groups work separately, and oftentimes redundantly design and tweak
all aspects of the technology. Some progress has been made to alleviate these inefficiencies through
the development of open source, easily usable software to interface with a multi-touch surface. Our
goal is to take advantage of existing open source tools to create a platform for the rapid prototyping
and development of multi-touch applications. To further simplify the application development, we
expanded upon the popularly used open source TouchKit API. A simple program was written to allow
for this application to communicate with other outside programs. This ‘wrapper’ application allows us
to send information packets from the tracker, over a computer’s network. The tracker application is
now able to communicate with any other user application able to receive these network packets. Flash
is becoming a popular medium for rapid prototyping of cross-platform, visually appealing applications.
Flash includes the ability to draw 3-D graphics and to generate dynamic sound, which makes Flash an
accessible, yet robust platform. Flash is mostly used in web development; however, using Adobe AIR, a
free cross-platform Flash runtime environment, the developer can create desktop Flash applications, as
opposed to running them through a web browser. To take advantage of multi-touch features in Flash,
we developed a touch-interface library to receive touch network packets. This library recognizes touch
types and gestures and allows a developer to easily incorporate them in their own Flash applications.
Using this simple library, programs can respond to a user’s gestures, such as rotating an on-screen 3-D
cube by physically grabbing and twisting, or by generating a changing tone or chord based on the up
and down movement of a user’s touches. 3-D graphics, audio, and gesture recognition can be combined
to create a rich, easily created, cross-platform, multi-touch experience.
COMP
Crashworthiness Simulation of a Boeing 737 Fuselage Section: A
Parametric Study on the Effects of Angle of Obliquity and Friction on its
Dynamic Response
E-COMP-2
DEEPAK SIROMANI
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been conducting drop tests of various aircraft fuselage
since the late 80’s to determine the impact responses of the aircraft structure and the survivability of
occupants under severe but survivable crash conditions. The knowledge gained from each drop test,
however, is very limited. The prohibitively high cost of conducting impact tests with full-scale aircraft
structures, therefore, calls for a reliable model that could replicate as close as possible actual impact
conditions. Further, a comprehensive model will provide important details on the dynamic response
of the various components of the aircraft structure, aiding in improved design of impact-resistant
structural members (e.g., the contribution of rivets). In November 2000 a drop test of a Boeing 737
fuselage section was conducted at the FAA - William J. Hughes Technical Center [1]. As part of the
study, a structurally realistic finite element model was developed to numerically simulate the drop test
[2]. The model was validated by correlating the dynamic response of the structure to the experimental
data obtained from the vertical drop test. This included comparing the overall deformation of the
fuselage and the acceleration-time histories of key structural components. The objective of this work is
to further expand the validated Boeing 737 model developed in [2] to study the effects of various key
impact parameters. The present study focuses on the significance of the friction coefficient between
the fuselage and the ground surface, and on the effects of the aircraft’s impact angle of obliquity. The
purpose of the friction parametric study was to address the various types of impacting surfaces which is
necessary for further expanding the model to realistic impact conditions. The purpose of studying the
effect of the angle of obliquity is to address actual aircraft crash landing scenarios. Simulations for six
different angles of obliquity and four different coefficients of friction have been conducted. Dynamic
response of the fuselage structure of each case was obtained and the degree of severity of the overall
deformation (including plastic deformation and local buckling) was evaluated. Acceleration-time and
velocity-time histories at different locations on the fuselage and other structural and non-structural
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components, and the energy dissipation of key structural components and under-floor luggage were
compared for selected values of angles of obliquity and friction coefficients. Results indicate that both
the friction between the fuselage and the platform, and the angle of obliquity markedly affect the
deformation of the entire structure and the acceleration- and velocity-time histories. It is of interest to
note that both obliquity and friction parameters influence the structural response in terms of energy
dissipation. Results indicate that the lower the angle of obliquity and the lower the friction coefficient,
the greater the energy dissipated by the under-floor luggage and the greater the effect of the luggage
door on the overall structure deformation of the fuselage. In all cases, most of the impact energy
was absorbed by the luggage and the frames. The results of this study will serve as a foundation for
further development of the model to include different types of impact surfaces (e.g., sand and ditching
into water), the effect of pitch (and possibly yaw) angle, and different structural designs. The model
will also be further expanded to include the entire fuselage of a transport aircraft and/or helicopter.
[1] Abramowitz, A., Smith, T. G., Vu, T., Zvanya, J. R., “Vertical Drop Test of a Narrow-Body Transport
Fuselage Section with Overhead Stowage Bins,” DOT/FAA/AR-01/100, September 2002. [2] Alan Byar
‘A Crashworthiness Study of a Boeing 737 Fuselage Section,’ Ph.D. Dissertation, Drexel University, May
2003
Guitar Chord Transcription Using Video and Audio Analysis
of Live Performance
E-COMP-3
ALEX HRYBYK
COMP
Automatic transcription of musical selections is an extensive and ever-growing area of research in the
audio and signal processing fields of engineering. For guitar lessons between teacher and student,
clearly identifying the notes and chords that are being played (and how to play them) is a barrier
that sometimes written music can best communicate. However, currently, scores of music specifically
for guitar, also known as Tablature (or Tabs), require hours of strenuous human transcription work.
This project proposes a method of automatically transcribing a selection of music performed on the
guitar by analyzing successive frames of video and audio of the performer playing his/her instrument.
Detecting individual notes in polyphonic music signals, such as a guitar chord, is a difficult task for
many reasons. When playing a single note, the guitar, and many other instruments, produces natural
harmonics (overtones) in addition to the note’s fundamental frequency. Therefore, when playing
multiple notes, this makes the frequency spectrum of the audio appear cluttered, making detecting
the fundamental frequencies (the actual notes) hard to locate. Using a technique known as Specmurt
analysis of audio signals, the notes of the guitar chord can be extracted from the audio signal through
a process of deconvolving the log-scaled frequency spectrum of a signal with a known harmonic
structure. By doing this, the resulting spectrum will contain only peaks at the fundamental frequencies,
making it easy to locate the notes being played. A typical guitar is tuned to allow a guitarist the ability
to play the same note or combination of notes (chords) in various positions on the guitar’s fret-board.
Therefore, the extracted notes of the audio (from Specmurt) only tell so much about what the guitarist
is actually playing, and further information is needed to accurately transcribe the guitarist’s method
of playing. By processing video of the guitarist while performing, a more accurate transcription of the
audio signal can be deduced from the player’s hand position on the fret-board guitar. This is done by
developing a grid spacing of the frets of the guitar using edge detection methods, tracking the player’s
hand using a skin color model, and motion tracking of these features in successive frames of video.
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Quantifying the Impact of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Evolving Patterns
of Research Topics and Collaboration
E-COMP-4
JIAN ZHANG
Information Studies
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has led to numerous new discoveries and a rich and rapidly growing body
of literature. We assess the impact of SDSS on astronomy research from multiple perspectives including
analyzing coauthorship, charting networks of scientific keywords, identifying emerging ‘hot’ research
topics, and mapping the sky distribution of archival data queries. We find evidence from co-authorship
that the SDSS has encouraged international collaboration. Each data release triggers a new burst of hot
topics, such as ‘dark matter’ after the first data release, and ‘stellar metallicity’ after the second data
release. We find interesting patterns in the spatial distribution and time sequence of database queries
for selected astronomical objects.
Anomaly Detection in Extremely Crowded Scenes using Spatio-Temporal
Motion Pattern Models
E-COMP-5
Ko Nishino
Computer Science
The abundance of video surveillance systems has created a dire need for computational methods that
can assist or replace human operators. Extremely crowded scenes present unique challenges to video
analysis that make previous methods unsuitable. In this paper we present a novel statistical framework
for modeling the local spatio-temporal motion pattern behavior of extremely crowded scenes. Our
key insight is to exploit the dense activity of the crowded scene by modeling the rich motion patterns
in local areas to capture the underlying intrinsic structure they form in the video. In other words, we
model the motion variation of local space-time volumes and their spatial-temporal statistical behaviors
to characterize the overall behavior of the scene. We demonstrate that by capturing the steady-state
motion behavior with these spatio-temporal motion pattern models, we can naturally detect unusual
activity as statistical deviations. Our experiments show that local spatiotemporal motion pattern
modeling offers promising results in real-world scenes with complex activities that are hard for even
human observers to analyze.
Interactive Free-Form Level-Set Surface-Editing Operators
E-COMP-6
MANOLYA EYIYUREKLI
David Breen
Computer Science
We present a set of interactive, free-form editing operators for level-set models. The mathematics,
algorithms and techniques needed to implement numerous level-set modeling capabilities have
been developed. An OpenGL interface is combined with the VISPACK level-set library to create an
interactive level-set modeling system. The narrow-band data structures have been extended to localize
all computations and updates to optimize running time. We describe the level-set speed functions that
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COMP
LOUIS KRATZ
implement the surface-editing operators. A level-set surface can be deformed through a click-sketchand-pull interface that allows a user to identify a point or Region-of-Influence (ROI) to be modified
on the surface. The user may then pull a point or a second curve within the ROI to apply a free-form
deformation. Additional operators include surface detailing, carving and smoothing, as well as a sketchbased technique that pulls the surface toward a profile curve. A 3D painting capability has also been
added to the system.
Tone Bender: A Collaborative Activity for the Collection and Evaluation of
Musical Instrument Perception
E-COMP-7
RAY MIGNECO
COMP
An improved understanding of how humans perceive musical instrument sounds can lead to more
efficient audio signal modeling techniques. Such signal models are central to development of new
audio compression methods (e.g, mp3 and ACC) and systems for automatic sound identification (e.g.,
for robotics). Previous research involving musical instrument identification has focused on specific
aspects of timbre, or a sound’s distribution of amplitude over time and energy over frequency.
Additionally, research has shown that general instrument families are identified with greater accuracy
than specific instruments, thus implying shared acoustic properties between similarly grouped
instruments. Despite this research, it is not clear how much the timbre of a musical instrument can
be altered before the instrument becomes unrecognizable. In order to better understand the salient
factors involved in the perception of musical instrument sounds, we have developed Tone Bender, an
online, collaborative game that collects data indicating human perception of modified instrument
sounds from many individuals. Players in the Tone Bender game are asked to modify the time-varying
amplitude and frequency distribution of audio signals in order to generate sounds that barely retain
the original instrument’s identifiability. These sounds are then evaluated by other players to determine
the instrument they perceive as producing the tone. Based on these evaluations, we can analyze the
deviations between the original and modified audio signals to help determine the perceptual bounds
for identifiability. While Tone Bender was primarily developed to achieve knowledge on the salient
factors in auditory perception, it has also served as a powerful tool in engineering education. We have
prototyped the game with students from Drexel University outreach activities and music magnet schools
in Philadelphia in order to teach the concepts of musical timbre. Furthermore, these ‘hands on’ sessions
have allowed us to improve the game by observing how the students interact with it. In the near
future,we will deploy Tone Bender on the internet so that it may be used by the general public.
Hide & Speak: An Online Game for K-12 Education and
Psychoacoustic Data Collection
E-COMP-8
TRAVIS M. DOLL
Online collaborative game-based activities have been demonstrated to be effective supplemental tools
for mathematics and science education, particularly for younger students in grades K-12. Interactive
activities provide assistance in bridging the gap between abstract classroom concepts and real-world
applications. We have developed and tested a game, Hide & Speak, that allows students to explore
aspects of different acoustical concepts through an interactive room environment simulator. These
topics include the identification of a sound source within a mixture of sounds (known as the ‘cocktail
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party effect’), changes in reverberation and loudness due to listener and source position, and human
perception of audio. More specific to the K-12 curriculum, the activity incorporates lessons on: sound wave propagation - calculations of reflection angles - sound energy absorption - estimation
of sound wave time of arrival Also inspired by recent work that uses games to aid in solving difficult
computational problems, Hide & Speak facilitates the collection of data on human perception. Analysis
of the data may lead to better models of the human auditory system and ultimately better performing
algorithms in speech related tasks. The interface provides the means for achieving a range of parameter
variation that is difficult to achieve for large subject populations using traditional methods. Hide &
Speak has been tested at several Philadelphia K-12 schools as part of a pilot study to demonstrate the
potential benefits of this platform. Eventually the game will become publicly available via the web
allowing for collection of data from a large subject population.
Mood Classification via Collaborative Data Collection
E-COMP-9
ERIK SCHMIDT
With the growing size of personal digital music collections, the field of music information retrieval
seeks to provide new ways of organizing, storing and maintaining these libraries. In developing
automated tools to organize music by its emotional content or mood, we are presented with a
problem that is not only difficult for machines to solve, but does not have a well-defined answer.
This lack of specificity makes it difficult to train automated systems that rely on quantified labels for
training pattern classification methods from labeled data. The collection of such ‘ground truth’ data
for these subjectively perceived features necessarily requires human subjects. Traditional methods of
data collection, such as the hiring of subjects, can be flawed, since labeling tasks are time-consuming,
tedious, and expensive. We present a game, MoodSwings, which addresses these shortcomings. The
game records dynamic (per-second) labels of players’ mood ratings of music, in keeping with the unique
time-varying quality of musical mood. As in prior collaborative game approaches, players are partnered
to verify each others’ results. Here we present the most recent refinements to the game, results from
initial game play data, and demonstrate the utility of this approach in the training of intelligent
systems for music information retrieval. Using data collected from MoodSwings, we have developed
a novel system for automated mood classification employing psychoacoustic and music-theoretic
representations of the labeled audio. To perform classification, our method uses multiple support
vector machine classifiers, which are a powerful machine learning approach for the separation of highdimensional data. Using multiple classifiers, we will demonstrate the effectiveness of an ensemblebased decision approach to yield more powerful classification results than of any of the individual
classifiers alone.
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COMP
CREATIVE ARTS/DESIGN
Floral Texture
P-CAD-1
JESSICA SAPHIRE
Fashion Design
For my senior collection, I am creating hundreds of silk flowers to attach to my garments. The idea is
to group these flowers together in different ways to create volume and texture. They are going to be
sewn in a way that makes the garment look very organic, as if the flowers are growing up and around
my clothes. Each flower is made by hand out of three layers of silk organza and adorned with several
Swarovski crystal beads. Since the fabric is very transparent, the different layers, that also vary in size,
create different shades of color and shine. When all of my flowers come together on my garments, they
create a very soft, and romantic aesthetic that screams femininity!
Day to Night
P-CAD-2
AYANNA MARTIN
Fashion Design
Solar panel technology has allowed solar power to supply energy to homes, cars, public telephones, and
even articles of clothing and fashion accessories. The fashion industry has already been playing around
with ideas of solar powered clothing and accessories that can provide energy to iPods, cell phones, and
computers. Another technology that has made its way into fashion design is LED lights. They are easy to
install and have been used for a variety of practical and entertainment reasons. My garment design is a
convertible day to night gown that uses solar power panels during the day to store energy to operate
LED lights that can be turned on at night to glow and give dramatic effect. The skirt of my garment
converts from short to floor length so that it can easily go from day to night.
CAD
Fruition Direct Mail Specialists
P-CAD-5
ASHLEY WALLACE
Anna Souers, Jessica Jaquith, Heather Stewart
Design & Merch
Fruition Direct Mail Specialists is a socially responsible, Philadelphia-based direct-mail marketing and
promotions company. We provide environmentally conscious marketing campaigns for firms in the
greater Philadelphia area by using the philosophy of cradle-to-cradle product design. We aspire to
become a recognized and respected brand name within the industry by incorporating new socially
responsible technology and creative, effectively designed direct mail marketing reaching the consumer
by way of their mailbox and their inbox. Fruition will help their clients realize the power of identifying
and nurturing the customers who will generate multiple sales, taking into account the philosophy of
return-on-customer investment through well-designed direct mail marketing campaigns. We will target
businesses that have a need for direct mail to effectively reach their customer, are socially responsible,
and have an established customer base. Fruition will differentiate itself from other marketing firms by
focusing on design and sustainability in direct mail marketing. The sales strategy is primarily based on
personal sales calls to key decision-makers within a firm and networking. Research indicates that 92%
of our target market is willing to pay a slightly elevated price for eco-friendly direct mail. Fruition’s
competition ranges from graphic design companies, to direct mail marketers, to in-house designers.
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We plan to find a niche within the direct mail marketing industry by specializing in environmentally
conscious products, developing re-usable designs, and consulting with businesses to cut down on
mailing lists. Fruition will distinguish itself as a company that pledges to practice environmentally safe
printing and design. We will also send e-mail campaigns to consumers who have responded to the
direct marketing campaign. Utilizing energy efficient, sustainable printing and practicing multiple
direct marketing strategies will give Fruition a competitive advantage over other marketing and graphic
design firms in Philadelphia. Fruition is a Limited Liability Corporation with two owners, Ashley Wallace
and Heather Stewart. Both graduates of Drexel University with degrees in Design and Merchandising,
they bring varied industry experience to the company. As the Development Director and Owner, Ashley
will focus her energy on scouting new clients and researching environmentally friendly materials and
manufacturers while Heather, the Director of Creative Services will work daily with clients to ensure
that they are satisfied with the design of their direct mail marketing campaign. The initial meeting
with a Fruition client will take place at their office, while the owners will work at our office daily.
PDFs will be sent to the client to ensure that they are satisfied with the progress of their direct mail
campaign. Ashley and Heather will work to obtain an EarthRight Green Business Certification; awarded
by the EarthRight Business Institute this certificate requires explicit sustainable practices to which the
business must adhere. This will guarantee the company’s sustainability to its clients. Fruition is in its
startup phase as the partners have secured a location and have identified a gap in the market in terms
of environmentally responsible yet effective direct marketing products. To begin Fruition, we will be
asking for a loan of $50,000. The owners will also contribute $15,000 of their own money. Fruition will
strive to saturate the marketplace with our brand of direct mailers within the first five years in turn
increasing profit each year. Long-term goals include hiring additional employees, moving the location
of the office, and branching out to other areas of marketing as the owners recognize opportunities.
Upon completion of Fruitions goals or in the case we want to pursue other professional goals, we will
sell the company to an outside investor.
Modern Architecture in Fashion
P-CAD-6
CHRISTINA PALISANO
CAD
Fashion Design
For my collection I wanted to find a way to create a group of six Fall/Winter women’s sportswear looks,
inspired by the repetition of metal forms found in modern architecture, as well as its various shapes
and structures. In addition, I wanted to find a way to create an abstract textile design that could be
used in conjunction with my other fabrics to emphasize this theme. In order to create this collection,
I researched several things including modern architecture, the various ways metal embellishment has
been used in fashion, and fashion and textile trend forecasting. This problem was realized by the
manipulation of single rows of zipper teeth, which were then layered and repeated in several different
ways throughout the collection. At times the support and structure created through the use of this
metal embellishment also helped in creating the shape and structure that I wanted to incorporate into
some of my garments. The silver metal of the zipper teeth was then complimented by a fabric selection
of black and grey fabrics, in a variety of different finishes, shades, textures, and weights. With this color
palette I then created two abstract textiles designs to be printed on organza. I screen printed by hand
the first textile design in both a black and white color combination, and a grey tonal color combination.
The second print I created on the computer, and had it printed digitally in Korea in order to have larger
widths of fabric which could not be achieved by hand printing. All of these aspects combined assisted
me in the creation of a women’s sportswear collection inspired by modern architecture.
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Ski Suit 2020
P-CAD-7
PRISCA MILLIANCE
Fashion Design
What began as a simple design for an all in one ski suit has been transformed into the ultimate winter
sports gear. This Hi-Tek snow suit functions to insulate from the bitter cold, serve as protective body
armor while providing a built in entertainment unit in the form of an iPod doc inside a zippered pocket.
One of the main drawbacks in participating in winter sports is what makes them possible to begin
with ‘ the snow. By providing a suit with built-in boots, helmet, gloves and insulated with Dupont’s
Conformax thinsulate (the equivalent of 14 layers of regular insulation although paper thin), there
is no possibility of getting unwanted snow within various crevices or a need to purchase each item
individually. Furthermore, the nylon blend with which it’s made provides good stretch to fit different
sizes as well as dirt shedding properties and breathability for temperature control. Another feature
of this suit is modeled after the Sixsixone pressure suit for snowboarders. It provides padding at the
elbows, shoulders and a full spine guard. The slopes can be very dangerous. There are approximately
35 fatalities annually attributed to these high impact sports and countless serious injuries that could
have been avoided with this level of protection to the body’s core. By building it into the suit, injury is
one less thing a skier would need to worry about. Finally, who wouldn’t love gliding down the slopes to
the sound of their favorite music blasting through state of the art headphones. With concealed wiring
imbedded in the piping leading to a headphone jack in a covered and zippered pocket on the torso,
getting caught up in wiring or not having access to your music while on the slopes would be a thing of
the past. Also, a variety of pockets (padded and insulated as well) would provide a safe space for keys,
phones, wallets and other necessities while still adding to the overall visual design of the piece.
Understanding Context, Informing Design: How Exemplars and
Wireframes Can Help
P-CAD-8
Information Studies
When designing interactive systems, context is key. From a broad perspective, context helps define the
boundaries of a system by helping designers know about its users: who they are, what they know, and
what tasks they want or need to complete. Current user-centered design methodologies emphasize
this aspect of capturing and representing context in various ways: performing ethnographic field
studies to observe current behavior (contextual design), involving users as designers (participatory
design), or focusing on higher-level tasks that users need to accomplish (activity-based design). From
a narrower perspective, though, understanding and representing context is not enough; rather,
designers must have some way of making informed decisions based on contextual information. There
are some techniques which attempt to achieve this goal, such as formalizing the process of reaching
design decisions (design rationale) or providing a common language for designers to more effectively
communicate about problems and solutions (pattern languages). However, while the aforementioned
methods and techniques do capture bits and pieces of context and often help to slow down the
design process, they often focus on explicit descriptions of context that are often overly generalized
or incomplete, making them difficult to incorporate into the process of making design decisions. This
poster investigates a technique that can implicitly capture how design decisions are influenced by
contextual factors, and vice versa, by having designers create concrete, but flexible, artifacts using
exemplars and wireframes. These artifacts can then be used not only as a tool for helping designers
make more informed design decisions, but also as a means of communicating how and why certain
design decisions are made.
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CAD
CRAIG MACDONALD
Wearable Art
P-CAD-9
STEPHANIE AKAGHA
Fashion Design
I am submitting a piece from my senior collection. with this piece there will be an inspiration board
describing what I’m striving for. the fabrics for my collection will be denim, leather and some knits. with
these fabrics, i will be building and manipulating to create abstract garments.
Print Design for the Childrenswear Market
P-CAD-11
ELIZABETH KO
Fashion Design
CAD
While completing my senior collection in fashion design, I had difficulty finding fabric with a cohesive
print design that was suited to my theme, color story, and target market. Because I was not able to
buy a print that was appropriate, I designed my own and had it custom printed. Every aspect of the
design, including the images I digitally manipulated, is my own artwork. I used portions of photographs
I had taken and altered them digitally, combining them in different scales to create the look I wanted.
In addition, I drew original elements in Photoshop. After finalizing my motifs, I combined them into
one cohesive print and organized the repeat so that many yards of fabric could be printed with the
repeat. Because my collection deals with variation of form and proportion, it was also important to
include those aspects in the print design. I wanted the print to be bold and large-scale, but it could not
overwhelm or compete with the shapes of my garments. Also, I wanted the print to have a natural,
organic variation as if it was hand painted, since many of my fabrics have a handmade quality. I sent
the design to a factory in Korea that print fabric digitally, so there was no limit on the number of colors
I could use. After receiving a strike-off sample, I adjusted the colors before having my final yardage
printed. I incorporated all of my colors and achieved my desired scale and aesthetic.
An Architectural Approach to Fashion
P-CAD-12
DANA MEARIG
Fashion Design
Fashion is all about solving the problem of turning a 2-dimensional flat object into a 3-dimensional
object that someone can wear. For my project I expanded upon this problem further by attempting to
create a collection of wool coats that eliminates the typical side seams and princess lines used in most
garments today. To solve this problem I looked at the forms created by the modern architects, Frank
Gehry and Santiago Calatrava. I then used the ideas of architecture to get the style and shape that I
desired. My solution is a collection of wool coats that uses the inspiration of architecture and form to
create a finished product that is both flattering on the female form and appealing to look at.
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From Drexel Walls to Beyond: Community Outreach at it’s Finest
P-CAD-13
MEGAN CORCORAN
My project I have chosen to present is based on a project I have been working on for the Drexel Touring
Dance Ensemble. This performing arts organization began on its course to success this past fall of
2008. This ensemble is comprised of seven students, from all different majors, all with the same goal;
to provide free dance education to the Philadelphia community. I became involved with the touring
ensemble for three main reasons, which I will discuss in this abstract in detail. These three reasons
are my love for dance, my passion for community outreach, and my knowledge and drive for field of
marketing. The touring ensemble began because two dance professors came together with a solid
background in community outreach and dance education in Philadelphia, and a desire to extend the
Drexel Dance Ensemble beyond the walls of Mandell Theater in the most positive manner available.
When this opportunity was presented to the ensemble, seven girls came together to form what I have
already found to be one of the most moving experiences of my life. My past experiences from working
in the Philadelphia public school system proved to be extremely challenging, yet uncompromisingly
rewarding. My knowledge of how to work with children who come from different backgrounds then
myself, and most of whom have not have the cookie cutter lifestyle depicted on TV has given me the
background to know how to approach these schools we as the touring ensemble would like to give the
gift of dance. Our program has shown huge success in its first six months since its arrival. This program
is now booked every Friday, excluding summer, finals, and holidays, from now until February of 2010.
From a marketing stance, I feel this early success shows a great future for the touring ensemble. My
job was to design a brochure which would be sent out to all of our potential schools. This brochure
depicts what services we offer, including our forty minute assembly program, and an intensive residency
program. I chose colors which I felt accented both the male and female gender, because our program
is designed to intrigue not only both genders, but any race, and any local elementary through high
school students. I knew our target audience would be the administration at these schools as well as any
faculty involved in the music or dance education programs. Therefore, giving a slightly in depth look
into our passion for dance and how important this knowledge is was also an imperative section to add
to the brochure. Finally, to give the dance ensemble credibility I gave brief biographies of the faculty
who oversee us. This not only installs more faith into the ensemble, but shows that we will be there
at the shows, on time, ready to go, every time. I worked with a marketing team on the brochure. My
advisor and mentor Olive Prince helped to come up with the information and my graphic designers,
Emily Thompson and Dan Vogt were the ones to carry out my vision. Without the help of my team,
this project would never have become a success. The help of these individuals along with the drive the
touring ensemble has is a great show of how loving and giving back the Drexel community can be. I
feel that this project has taught me much more than how to design a brochure. It has shown me that
there are children all over this city who could use a wonderful, free, service such as the one that we
are offering. I am sure this program will expand to become something larger and more powerful than
anyone truly can imagine over the next few years to come.
Entertainment World
P-CAD-14
ABY RAO
Television Management
EntertainmentWorld is work-in-progress interactive multimedia visualization, which brings together
the entertainment world with an easy-to-use interface. Movie Artists, Performing Artists, Musicians,
Authors, Productions, Events etc are represented as nodes and clicking on those nodes will lead to other
affiliated node or present information related to them. The goal is to build a seamless web application
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CAD
Marketing
using Adobe Flex and Adobe Flash that connects to various databases via Web Services offered freely by
Internet Movie Database (for artist profile), YouTube API (for content), Netflix API (for Artists and Movie
profile), Amazon API (for Books and Author Profile), Last.fm API (for Music performances, video and
Event information), MySpace API (for Social Networking and fan base), Twitter API (for artist status and
social networking). All this aggregated information will be a part of an online entertainment universe
called EntertainmentWorld.
Heart Of India Reflected Through Satyajit Ray
P-CAD-15
KATIE RICE
Graphic Design
Tollywood Film Celebration was created for the representation of movie producer Satyajit Ray. This
invented celebration is based off of the excitement and interest in cinema in Bengali. The poster takes
prominence in its interpretation of the history of cinema in political, economical and social context,
explained through research of Satyajit Ray’s experiences, aesthetics and limited technology. Through
Ray’s determination to produce a film, his audience is introduced to the struggle financially and socially
that he overcame. Ray focuses on events of his lifetime, to study his own up bringing against that of
his environment. Creating an experience with his cinema as a discovery of the deep inter-workings
of families and culture, Ray decidedly extracted reflected feelings, establishing romantic intrigue to
plot. To show the true quality of this director, I portray images that he himself would have chosen. To
evoke a strong feeling of self, I knew raw materials with humanistic qualities would support his raw
representation of relationships between family members. For visual imagery, the true heart of India,
which Ray depicts so well in his films, is reflected through the letters of his name, as he provides an
introspective look into his world.
Signing a City
CAD
P-CAD-16
ALAN KRIEGEL
Graphic Design
Design for 130,000 people. By a student. Signage at its best is unique, eye-catching, informative, and
invisible. Co-op can be a daunting monolith to face. Combine the two for my experience: Working at
Cloud Gehshan Associates, I was given the opportunity to design the signage system for Hackensack,
NJ. From basic design principles to architectural relevance, the process of such a project is shown
visually through the eyes of a student. Part process, part ponder, a poster of research, realization, and
reflection.
Learning Process Through Materials Exploration
P-CAD-17
ROCHELLE GORDON
Fashion Design
This poster is a compilation of work created and developed in the materials exploration class. The
course introduces the fashion design student to the unconventional use of different material, such as
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paper, plastic, and wood, in creating surfaces that build a body enhancing form. Each week the same
problem presents itself--finding an innovative way to relate body, material and form as one. Neatness
and believable execution are necessary incorporations in solving the problem and relaying a sensation
through the form as well. Sketches, all-important supplements to the actual construction, compliment
each physical exploration, allowing the student to show progression, improvements and understanding.
When Romance Meets Nature
P-CAD-18
JINGJING LIU
Fashion Design
Eco-fashion is the principle of my design.( The term “eco-fashion” refers to stylized clothing that uses
environmentally sensitive fabrics and responsible production techniques. ) My only choice for the
textiles is organic cotton which is imported from the organic farmland in China or India. All the clothes
are made using organic raw materials which are grown without pesticides, or re-used materials such
as recycled plastic from old soda bottles. In case to involve the use of harmful chemicals and bleaches
to color fabrics, the color in my line will be all white which also imply that we need a pure world for
our future. My fashion inspiration is from Victorian-style, but my aim is to make my garments more
functional and comfortable for the modern world. I’d love to keep the details like frill, ruffle or lacetrim for the blouse. But I will simplify the styles as well as the constructions and the patterns.
Be the Technology: Audio
T-CAD-1
KRISTY JOST
In fashion, many companies find new ways of carrying and hiding the ipod or other MP3 players by
creating pockets in garments or carriers. I have chosen to explore ways of fusing audio technology
with fashion. In particular, how can we incorporate technology as a part of the design, rather than an
installment or pocket to hide the technology in? I designed a garment in particular that will have all the
technical details on how to make it, including all electrical work and what specific materials would be
needed to make it.
Be the Technology: Video and Textile Developement
T-CAD-2
KRISTY JOST
Fashion Design
Smart Fabrics are rising stars when it comes to the fusion of fashion and technology. But most
technologies have to be installed in the garment, the garment is never made up of the technology.
When it comes to smart fabrics, they are the textiles that can be cut and sewn into a garment. Some can
heat up and keep you warm in the winter, some can monitor a person’s vital signs, and some light up.
But I would like to explore the use of fiber optics in textiles. A current patent by Harry L. Wainwright
has managed to infuse fiber optics into textiles by lacing the fiber optics in the fabrics to form clusters
that make up designs and imagery. I will explore different ways of creating imagery and full motion
video on a garment using this and other underdeveloped fiber optic technologies.
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CAD
Fashion Design
Senior Thesis
T-CAD-3
SAMANTHA SHEEHAN
Photography
I am currently photographing young couples, ages 20 - 25, that have been in relationships for two
years or longer. I am interested in examining how these couples deal with maintaining a commited
relationship while being in a transivite place in their lives. In these pictures the intimate places that they
live are an imporant element, i want the viewer to feel that they are being invited in, that I am showing
them something they would not otherwise see. It is also important to me to examine masculine and
feminine elements. These elements can be objects, such as beer bottles or lace curtains, or gestures. I
try not to infuse my own ideas about the people or their feeling about eachother. I look for moments
that are representative of different emotions - comfort, boredome, happiness, fear. I am looking to
conitue this work over the next year. I would like to continue to follow the subjects that I have already
established a relationship with photographing.
Senior Thesis
T-CAD-4
LYNN BROWNLIE
Photography
CAD
For my senior thesis I am taking black and white portraits of my friends and family members using a
large format camera. Workng with the standards of the camera and lighting I create a portrait that is
often disapearing into space and becoming one with the background. Moving the standards creates
selected focus. The images are printed 22’ by 17 inches and printed on a german eching paper. They
images often resemble charcoal drawings. I am influenced from characters read in novels and also 19th
century death portraits.
Novel Notions
T-CAD-5
STEPHANIE FORTUNATO
Samantha Edwards, Elise Shim, Antonella Durantine
Design & Merch
The focus of our retail store, Novel Notions, is to provide products and technology to aid normal dayto-day tasks that may have become difficult for mature and elderly persons as a result of aging. In
other cases, our products will help decrease the risks of independent living. Unfortunately, there are
very few stores available to address the needs of this market. It is currently a large demographic, and
will continue to grow as baby boomers age. In Pennsylvania alone, those who are over 54 years of
age accounts for 30.5% of the population. In Philadelphia, the mature and elderly population reaches
34.3% (United States Census Bureau). Therefore, there is an immediate opportunity for this market and
much potential for growth in years to come.
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180 Grams P-O-P Display
T-CAD-6
HEATHER STEWART
Jenna Moser-Cohen
Design & Merch
The 180 Grams Point-of-Purchase c.d. display is a collaboration between the AWCoMAD Design &
Merchandising program and Drexel’s MAD Dragon Record Label. 180 Grams is a sampler c.d. featuring
the music of MAD Dragon Recording artists. Requiring a point-of-purchase display for the c.d.s, MAD
Dragon challenged the Visual Merchandising I class in Fall 2008 to design a point-of-purchase display
that represented the c.d.’s music and the image of the artists. It was necessary for the display to be
unobstructive on a retail counter, yet command attention. Other constraints included ease of shipping
and assembling. The name of the album, 180 Grams, is the weight of the high quality vinyl records
that preceded c.d.s and tapes. The designers were inspired by milk crates that are often used to store
vinyl records. 180 Grams is intended to target fans of Indie Rock. Fans of this music have a strong
appreciation for the music’s history, which can be traced back to the 1970s, and will recognize the
vintage allusions. After being chosen as having the top design, the designers were responsible for
working with a printer to get the displays mass-produced. After a few iterations, the designers arrived
at a point-of-purchase display that captured the spirit of the music while meeting the needs of the
label. The MAD Dragon intends to place the sampler in various retailers around Philadelphia including
record stores, coffee shops, and vintage stores. The 180 Grams promotional sampler c.d.s are free to the
retailers who, in turn, will distribute the c.d.s to their customers. This promotional venture will increase
brand awareness of the MAD Dragon Record label and boost the exposure of the artists featured on
the album.
Waiting in Terminal B: An Exploration of Strangers’ Interactions in
a Combined Setting
E-CAD-1
Screenwriting & Playwriting
This submission is a choreographed dance entitled ‘Waiting in Terminal B,’ originally performed in
the Drexel Dance Ensemble’s winter 2009 concert, Arrivals and Departures. This work was created as
an examination of character through movement. Seven dancers were chosen to represent different
characters that could be found in an airport waiting room. Each character or group of characters also
represented specific stages of life. A trio represented a family returning home from vacation, a duo
represented a newlywed couple, and two soloists represented a young student arriving in a foreign
country for the first time and a businessman headed to a parent’s funeral. The costumes designed for
the piece were created to connect the audience visually with these characters. The music used for this
piece was a song entitled ‘S?gl’pur’ by Icelandic band Sigur R’s. The song has no intelligible lyrics, but
the music tends from being minimalist to being very layered and rich. The movement was generally
choreographed to coincide closely with the tone of the music, as the music was utilized as a reiteration
of the emotional state of the characters. While consisting of mostly contemporary movement
vocabulary, ballet and jazz movement was interrupted periodically with improvised pedestrian
movement in order to re-establish individual characters. The structure of the piece began with the
characters as separate entities. Through synchronized movement, the different groups weaved in and
out of one another’s lives, until all of the characters moved together as one before breaking apart to
continue their separate journeys.
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CAD
SARAH D. MEIKLEJOHN
Pulse: Research in Music-Reactive Gaming
E-CAD-2
DAVID LALLY
Digital Media
Over the past couple years, the popularity of music based gaming has been rapidly increasing. Drexel
University’s Gaming research class introduces a new approach to the genre. Pulse is a music-reactive
platform game. The team looks to bring innovation to the genre that goes beyond the typical rhythm
game and incorporates the user’s music into a dynamic game-play experience. The project uses music
analysis data to affect game environment, enemies, and obstacles in real time. The game also uses
ID3 metadata to access additional dynamic content, such as song lyrics and visuals, to add to the
gaming experience. Pulse is a collaborative project, involving students from both Drexel University’s
Digital Media program as well as members of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department.
Through the use of music analysis algorithms designed by Drexel’s Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department, the game design team was able to apply various musical qualities including energy/power,
tempo/beats, tone brightness, panning, intensity, and more into the elements of the virtual world. This
style of dynamic musical input allows Pulse to break away from the commercial standard for musicbased gaming and follow a unique game design in music-reactive gaming, allowing the entire game
world and characters to come to life with any song from the user’s music library. Pulse was designed
entirely in Adobe Flash and uses Adobe AIR as a distribution framework, allowing our team to utilized
the flexibility of a Rich Internet Application (RIA) with the local access benefits provided by a desktop
application. Pulse will be available as a downloadable application online so that anyone can enjoy a
unique gaming experience with every song from their personal playlist. For a screen shot from the
game, please see: http://www.davidmlally.com/downloads/pulse_gameplay_screenshot.jpg
Cardinal Personal Information Manager
E-CAD-3
CAD
DHEYVI VELAGAPUDI
Graphic Design
The CARDINAL PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGER is a study into the process of interactive media,
focusing on the next step in design for the graphical user interface (GUI) of personalized planning
applications. In bringing greater aesthetic appeal to the aspects of personal planning, the Cardinal
system focuses on four major components of life management: Calendar, Email, Tasks, and Contacts.
The system seeks to unify design and functionality for these aspects by presenting information through
both conventional and innovative organization. The displays assigned to each function depend on the
nature of the information handled and include: Calendar - Tri-Monthly, Weekly, Daily Email - Folder,
Contact, Thread Tasks - Type, Priority, Date Contact - Name, Type, Relationship The user can manipulate
the system to personalize it to fit his or her needs as well. Preferences and settings are available for
alteration in regards to each function. However, the Cardinal does provide the user with a default
color palette of thirty six colors and four fonts to bring consistency and fluidity between functions. The
Cardinal system also utilizes visual information management in a feature known as ‘The Compass’ to
create correlations between functions. This allows the user to cross-navigate when attempting to locate
or compare information. For example, when selecting a specific calendar event, a user can use ‘The
Compass’ to view other events that share assignments to the same date, contacts, tasks, emails, or type.
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Words Apart: The Underestimated Power of Parting Words
E-CAD-4
(MARIA) ANHTHI NGUYEN
Words Apart is a dance about the underestimated power of parting words. Hearing the story of an
acquaintance’s personal experience of 911 inspired me to create a moral story about the truth of
how major tragedies affect humans. To begin I took on a partner, Alexis Dispenziere, to help me
choreograph the dance. Our first step was to simplify the original idea into three relationships: Lovers,
Friends, and Parent-Child. We chose these situations with the intent of connecting to the audience
on a general level, having undergone similar roles within their own lives. We conducted workshops
with our dancers, Ashley Jacobs, Kelsey Pagdon, Jaclyn Raciti, Laura Ramirez, Caitlin Stelben, and
Kelsey Vierow, to discuss personal reflections on these given relationships. From the dancers’ input
and experimentation, we were able to develop word phases into movement phrases, finalizing our
representations in three duets. Performed January 2009 in Drexel University’s Mandell Theater, the
dance unveils progressions within the relationships that result in departures of different terms, yielding
one member to face future endeavors alone. A love relationship sprouts, blooms, and withers because
of distrust. A friendship drifts apart as childhood companions age and develop a sense of individual
identity. A parent moves on alone as her child demands and finds independence. A video, edited by
Timothy Urian, flashing news reels, natural disasters, and strife beyond human control disrupts the
remaining characters’ assumed new path. The three are left facing ambiguity, shock, and regret;
questioning their encounters before departure. They are unsure of what step to take next as they hang
on to a significant piece left behind: a lover’s true connection to another being, a friend’s uncertainty
of the other’s safety, a child’s remorse for her actions towards a guardian. The dancers each express
their story individually, at first responding differently to the information from the video but finding
similarities in their experiences. Joining together in movement, the dancers share a feeling of the
sudden, uncontrollable desertion thrown upon them by fate’s course. The final product became a moral
story about the value of every connection between one human being and another. Costume design was
by Rachel Mednick, a Drexel University student, whose original concept pushed for a unifying element
amongst all three relationships. Through revision and discussion, it was decided that each duet would
have a representative color of pink, gold, or yellow, while still unified by the same base color, grey.
The music, by Dustin O’Halloran and Aphex Twin, edited by Lenard Skolnik, was also chosen with the
same theme. Songs were selected for their simple instrumentation but powerful expression. The final
essential piece was lighting design by Dominic Chacon. His design further emphasized yet clarified the
dancer’s movement and intent while creating a mood that showcased the humanity of the characters.
Presentation Type: Poster w/ Table & electricity AND live performance
The Fragility of Memory
E-CAD-5
JULIA JACOB
Interior Design
The inspiration for my Final Sculpture I project stemmed from my summer studying abroad in the
Czech Republic and the memories I have and will always have from that experience. In the course of
two months, I traveled to seven cities including Prague, Berlin, Barcelona and Rome. Additionally, I
have studied in San Francisco and Philadelphia and was raised in New York. My recent experiences in
all of these cities made me wonder how, despite being so distinct in terms of culture and geography,
some aspects of their urbanism were almost identical. It was when I returned home that my memories
of these cities began to overlap and intertwine, creating an entirely new entity. During this time of
reflection, I began working on a sculpture project that focused on the concept of entropy, which, in a
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CAD
Alexis Dispenziere
Dance
figurative sense, resembles the gradual decline into disorder. It was almost immediately that I decided
to dedicate this project to the memories of my trip, which were once so vivid but were now beginning
to fade with time at a rate that could not be clearly measured or defined. While abroad, I began to
experiment with photography and wanted to incorporate that tool as a way to capture the fleeting
moment, if only a small part of it. The execution of this project would involve printing images onto a
non-porous surface and then literally washing the ink away, in an effort to imitate the disintegration
of memory at a more rapid speed. The results led me to discover that there is a way to preserve the
essence of an experience, even after the details have dissolved away.
Multi-Touch Platform for Interaction with Archaeological
Artifacts & Information
E-CAD-6
LEE DASH
Digital Media
The collaborative and exploratory nature of archaeology lends itself to being interpreted by new
forms of media and interactivity. Multi-touch and gesture based computing technologies offer exciting
opportunities for learning and interaction among archaeological methods and artifacts. A recent push
for the digital preservation of archaeological artifacts and information provides a wealth of content to
be leveraged in a multi-touch setting. This thesis proposes to design and prototype a new system for
exploring methods of urban archaeology and interacting with archaeological artifacts in an intuitive
multi-touch and gesture-based control environment, aimed specifically for use by the general public
in open locales such as museums and park centers. The City of Philadelphia offers a rich historical and
archaeological landscape which will serve as the backdrop for this project. Utilizing low-cost hardware
and open-source software the prototype system will explore the relationship between archaeology and
new media interactive techniques.
CAD
Chief
S-CAD-1
RICHARD HAMILTON
Film & Video
A short documentary on the life of an loving aging preztel vendor on Boathouse Row and what he
means to the people of Philadelphia.
Alumni Profile: Anthony Bracali and Paines Park
S-CAD-2
DAVID DIPERSTEIN
Gerasimos Melissaratos, Ashley Morgan, Kingsley Onwuemenyi, Micah Haun, Adam Suckecki, Chris Kissel, Lenny
Skolnik, Melissa Menago
This mini-documentary profiles Tony Bracali, architect and primary mover behind the development of
Paines Park in Philadelphia, the projected home of the first publicly funded skateboard board park
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in a major American city. Bracali, the principal designer and visionary behind the project discusses
his philosophy of public space, the interests of the skateboarders, and his conversion from skeptic
to believer in the need for a city skate park The film captures Bracali’s approach to the project and,
through hi speed photography, and graphically illustrates Bracali’s design style while providing insight
into the process by which vision becomes design. The Philadelphia City Planning Commission has
assigned prime real estate on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway near the Philadelphia Museum of Art for
Paines Park, and public agencies have promised funding.
Alumni Profile: Amy Rees and Environmental Design
S-CAD-3
KINGSLEY ONWUEMENYI
David Diperstein, Gerasimos Melissaratos, Ashley Morgan, Micah Haun, Kevin Martin, Chris Kissel, Melissa
Menago
This mini-documentary profiles Amy Rees, environmental designer and teacher who, in her work,
defines the emerging field of wayfaring design. Rees discusses how she works with clients, why she
loves teaching, and how her practice contributes to the usability of the public spaces she designs. The
documentary shows her at work in the classroom and features examples of her work ranging from the
Whittlin’ Museum to The Annenberg Science Center at the Peddie School.
ED & Edgar
S-CAD-4
JOSHUA SGARLATA
Edgar Allen Poe is one of America’s most influential writers. He invented the detective novel and was
renown for his horror stories. Edgar Allen Poe lived over two hundred years ago but is so important to
people alive today that one can still find flowers placed at his grave, in Baltimore. Poe lived in several
American cities during his life but is strongly associated with his final resting place, Baltimore. One Poe
scholar, Edward Pettit, felt that this was a travesty and published an article in the Philadelphia City
Paper entitled ‘Taking Back Poe.’ In this article Mr. Pettit states that Poe’s body needs to be moved from
Baltimore to the city where Poe has the strongest historical tie, Philadelphia. Our film documents Mr.
Pettit’s efforts to bring the legacy of Edgar Allen Poe back to Philadelphia. We travel to the Baltimore
and interview the locals about their attachment to Poe. We follow Mr. Pettit to one of his La Salle
classes, a Poe film lecture, and to the Great Poe Debate.
Self Portrait, Sculpture
L-CAD-1
SAMANTHA SHEEHAN
Photography
This sculpture is an examination of the photographic medium in a two demensional space. I have
created a 50 inch by 70 in hanging sculpture that is a transparent mosaic of a single image (a self
portrait). The materials used are monofilament, acrylic sheet, and transparency.
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CAD
Film & Video
HUMANITIES
Recommendations For Encouraging Completion With Homework
Assignments To Promote Skills Practice In Juvenile Justice Treatment
P-HUMN-1
JAMIE R. SIEGEL
Psychology
Skills-practice is an essential component of interventions for adjudicated adolescents. Female juvenile
offenders often have high rates of comorbid mental health problems, poor cognitive functioning, and
deficiencies in behavioral control. These issues may limit application of skills taught in treatment to
real-life situations. This poster will describe the role of skills-practice in treatment, using the Juvenile
Justice Anger Management Treatment for Girls as an example. It will describe individually-and
group-based behavioral techniques to improve compliance with goal-sheet completion. Across three
treatment groups (N=13 youth, 48 sessions), compliance with homework activities, based on goal sheet
completion, has exceeded 99%.
On Top Of The World: An Exploration Into The Social Worlds Of
Competitive Ice Climbers
P-HUMN-2
DOUGLAS MICHELE TURCO
Sport Management
Serious leisure is the “systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer core activity that people
find so substantial, interesting, and fulfilling that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a
leisure career centered on acquiring and expressing a combination of its special skills, knowledge, and
experience” (Stebbins, 2006). One quality of serious leisure is the unique ethos and social world for
its participants. Unruh (1980, p. 277) defines the social world as an: amorphous, diffuse constellations
of actors, organizations, events, and practices which have coalesced into spheres of interest and
involvement for participants [and in which] it is likely that a powerful centralized authority structure
does not exist.
In-depth interviews were conducted with 45 of the 52 total participants in the 2009 Ice Climbing World
Cup Finals in Busteni, Romania 7 February 2009. Questions included direct spend in Busteni, length
of stay, visitor group composition, etc., modified from Scott and Turco (2007). A second survey was
conducted two weeks after the competition to determine when participants began climbing, prior sport
participation, social benefits of climbing, self-identification as a serious climber, travel behaviors, etc.
Most competitors in the 2009 Ice Climbing World Cup started climbing in their early twenties after
participating in other sports e.g. football, gymnastics, equestrian. Most find climbing more physically
challenging and rewarding than the other sports. Many were socialized into climbing from their
parents and have spouses and siblings who also climb. All have acquired close friends through climbing.
Competitors stayed an average of 4.5 days in Busteni for the World Cup Ice Climbing Finals. Their
average spend in Busteni was € 69.02 for lodging, € 53.54 shopping, € 72.50 for eating and drinking,
€ 28.18 for entertainment, and € 91.82 for other goods and services for a total spend of € 315.06. In
aggregate, climbers spent an estimated € 16 383 in Busteni. Spend per day averaged € 70.01. Eightyfour percent of respondents had competed in the World Cup before the 2009 event in Busteni; 68.9%
had previously visited Romania. Forty-two percent of the subjects had family and/or close friends travel
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HUMN
Previous research on serious leisure has examined sport participants in distance running. To date, no
published study has explored “serious” competitors in extreme or adventure sport as sport tourists. The
purpose of this study is to reveal the social worlds and consumer behaviors of competitive ice climbers
as serious sport tourists.
to Busteni to watch them compete. It can be concluded that competitive climbers are not high-end
sport tourists. They are conditioned to no or low cost accommodations, typically sleeping in tents,
sleeping bags, mountain cabanas or low cost hotels, dormitories or hostels. Their economic impacts on
the host community are therefore minimal. World Cup ice climbing competitors, though not significant
spenders, serve an important role in the sport tourism system, attracting spectators (and their spending)
to the destination, visitors who would not otherwise visit. In this regard, sport competitors can be
valuable assets worthy of investment for a host community. Additional findings, discussions, conclusions
and recommendations are offered regarding serious sport tourists.
Predicting Violent Recidivism and Institutional Misconduct in Female
Offenders: The Antisocial Features Scale of the Personality Assessment
Inventory
P-HUMN-3
LINDA NWOGA
HUMN
Kirk Heilbrun
Psychology
The accurate assessment of risk for institutional misconduct and post-release criminal recidivism has
been an important scientific and policy goal for many years. The present study will use the Personality
Assessment Inventory (specifically the ANT scale) to gauge its effectiveness in predicting these
two outcomes with female offenders in a structured community reentry center. Using an archival,
deidentified database developed as part of a larger project, the relationship between female offenders
(N=300) scores on the ANT scale will be related to their rate of misconduct within the community
correctional center, and their rearrest for a violent offense or any offense during a one year postrelease outcome period. Implications for the use of the PAI and the ANT scale for this purpose will be
discussed. There has been growing interest in identifying predictors of reoffending in female offender
populations. While incarcerated females comprise approximately 7.2% of the entire prison population
in the United States, they are being locked up at a faster pace than male offenders (Bureau of Justice
Statistics, 2006). Although female offenders are small in numbers compared to their male counterparts,
it is important to consider gender-specific aspects of female offending and their criminogenic and
rehabilitation needs, as some of these may differ from those of male offenders. Since the great majority
of research utilizing the Antisocial Features (ANT) scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory
(PAI; Morey, 1991) to assess the relationship between psychopathy, institutional misconduct, and
recidivism has been conducted with male offenders, the existing findings in this area do not necessarily
apply to female offenders. With the rates of offending and incarceration increasing in females, it is
important to determine whether a tool like the PAI can accurately predict the likelihood of recidivism
and institutional misconduct. Salekin, Rogers, Ustad, and Sewell (1997) examined the construct of
psychopathy by using the Antisocial Features Scale (ANT) of the PAI and its relationship with general
recidivism, but there has apparently been no research investigating the relationship between the ANT
scale and violent recidivism in female offenders. There is inconsistent evidence regarding the extent to
which psychopathic offenders are more likely to participate in serious acts of institutional misconduct,
particularly violent misconduct (Edens, Buffington-Vollum, Keilen, Roskamp, & Anthony, 2005; Edens
et al., 2002). Results of research assessing the clinical use of the PAI in forensic and correctional settings
and its ability to predict institutional misconduct and behavior has suggested that the ANT scale is
related to disciplinary reports and staff ratings of treatment noncompliance (Buffington-Vollum, Edens,
Johnson, & Johnson, 2002; Caperton, Edens, & Johnson, 2004; Sanford, 2003; Walters, Duncan, & Geyer,
2003; Walter & Geyer, 2005). In these studies, the strength of this relationship has varied considerably
(point biseral correlations varying from .05 to .55 for the ANT scale; Edens & Ruiz, 2005). However, the
majority of this research has not been performed using female samples (Edens & Ruiz, 2005). Therefore,
it cannot be assumed that risk factors for institutional misconduct applicable to male offenders will
be comparably effective for incarcerated females. Another study by Salekin et al. (1998) explored the
ability of the ANT and Aggression (AGG) scales of the PAI to predict recidivism in female inmates during
a 14-month follow-up interval. Results indicated that the ANT and AGG scales were significantly related
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to recidivism; at the subscale level, ANT-E, AGG-V, and AGG-A were the most significantly related
to recidivism The present study will consider the ANT scale of the PAI and its relationship to acts of
institutional misconduct and rearrest following release among women. Data will be obtained from an
archival, deidentified database of offenders that is part of a larger, ongoing research project. It will
gauge the predictive accuracy of the ANT scale in a sample of incarcerated women who are just being
released from prison and undergoing community reentry through treatment in a private, communitybased facility in a large state in the eastern United States. The following hypotheses are proposed: (1)
Female offenders with elevated scores on the ANT scale (T-scores > 60) will be rearrested for a criminal
offense significantly more frequently than female offenders who do not have an elevated ANT T-score;
(2) Female offenders with elevated scores on the ANT scale (T-scores > 60) will be rearrested for a
violent criminal offense significantly more frequently than will female offenders who do not have an
elevated ANT T-score; (3) Female offenders with elevated scores on the ANT scale (T-scores > 60) will
commit institutional sanctions significantly more frequently than will female offenders who do not
have an elevated ANT T-score; (4) Female offenders, 30 years old or younger, with elevated scores on
the ANT scale (T-scores > 60), and 4 or more prior arrests will be significantly more often rearrested
for a criminal offense; (5) Female offenders, 30 years old or younger, with elevated scores on the ANT
scale (T-scores > 60), and 4 or more prior arrests will be significantly more often rearrested for a violent
criminal offense; (6) Female offenders, 30 years old or younger, with elevated scores on the ANT scale
(T-scores > 60), and 4 or more prior arrests will significantly more often commit a greater number of
institutional sanctions.
Applications for a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA): Physical Therapist’s
Neurological Screening Tools and Interactive Performance-Oriented
Assessment Tool
P-HUMN-4
NICOLE FRAGALA
Today’s fast paced health care environment demands increased efficiency and measurable outcomes
from its healthcare practitioners. As health care providers, physical therapists are responsible for
providing evidence- based, high quality care in a variety of settings. This care is often provided in the
home or at the bedside, where accessing text books or paper references can be cumbersome. A personal
digit assistant (PDA) can assist with efficient delivery of care by providing access to readily available
evidence-based information and assessment tools. While handheld computers or PDAs have become
widely used in health care, improving access to patient information and clinical assessment measures,
the availability of Physical Therapy based tools is limited. The first purpose of this project was to expand
and create additional applications for the recently developed PDA application: Neurological Screening
Tools. The second purpose was to provide a more inclusive evidence-based resource for physical
therapists. The PDA application: Neurological Screening Tools provides user-friendly neurological
based information that therapists can utilize while treating patients. The enhancements of this project
include an expansion to the recently developed PDA application: Neurological Screening Tools, and
the development of an Interactive Performance-Oriented Assessment Tool for screening fall risk in the
elderly.
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HUMN
WikiPhiloSofia (and PanAnthropon): Visualization of Facts, Relations, and
Networks Concerning Philosophers (and Artists, Scholars, and Scientists)
Using Knowledge Extracted from Wikipedia
P-HUMN-5
SOFIA J. ATHENIKOS
Xia Lin
Information Studies
HUMN
Due to its unique structural features and rich user-generated content, Wikipedia is being increasingly
recognized as a useful knowledge source that can be exploited for various applications. Nevertheless,
the mode of information search and retrieval on Wikipedia remains that of conventional keywordbased search and retrieval of a list of articles ranked in terms of keyword matching. The objective
of the ongoing project reported in this poster is to extract, analyze, and visualize meaningful and
interesting facts, relations, and (intellectual/conceptual) networks via the automatic processing of the
structural features and semantic content of Wikipedia. By doing so, we aim at creating a Web-based
knowledge portal that enables semantics-based (and reasoning-supported) search and exploration. The
methodology is currently applied to the philosophy domain. Hence the name: WikiPhiloSofia (formerly
The WikiPhil Portal). In this poster we present extraction and visualization of the facts, relations, and
networks involving 300 major philosophers as obtained from Wikipedia. Insofar as the project aims
at enabling semantic search and exploration by utilizing the user-generated content, it embodies
the movement toward Web 3.0, exploiting the synergy between the Social Web (Web 2.0) and the
Semantic Web. Insofar as it prominently employs visualization as an effective mode of knowledge
representation, however, the work also embodies the trend toward information aesthetics. As such,
the WikiPhiloSofia project serves as a venue of the convergence of arts, humanities, and computer/
information science/technology, contributing to a paradigm shift toward the next generation of online
search, retrieval, and delivery of digital information in the humanities. Even though the project is still in
an early stage, its merits, contributions, and potentials have been duly recognized through an (awardwinning) poster presentation at the Fall 2008 North East Database and Information Retrieval (DB/IR)
Day and a (highly selective) paper presentation at the 2008 Chicago Colloquium on Digital Humanities
and Computer Science (DHCS 2008). A related paper is to be presented at the forthcoming 2009 Digital
Humanities Conference (DH 2009), which is the largest and most prestigious international conference
in the field of Humanities Computing. Encouraged by the promising results of the pilot study, we plan
to extend the scope of the project to encompass a large number of entities (people and concepts) and
relations across the domains of arts, humanities, and sciences. (The tentative title of the extended
project is PanAnthropon.) The future work will also include exploring ways to more effectively and
efficiently extract, represent, and store semantic knowledge, by utilizing Semantic Web standards and
technologies, in order to incorporate reasoning in the query/retrieval process.
Identification of a Unique Food Safety Risk Associated with Retail Markets
Serving Asian Populations in America
P-HUMN-6
RENATA JACOB
Trish A. Carney, Valerie L. Darcey
Biology
Tofu is consumed by many and is especially popular with Asian populations. Previous research has
examined its safety and found that if not handled properly it may present a food safety risk. In
this research we examined the safety and prevalence of a practice in small Asian urban markets of
Philadelphia to sell fresh tofu from a ‘bucket’ or open bin from which consumers remove the tofu cake
and place it in a plastic bag to purchase compared to traditionally pre-packaged tofu sold in the same
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markets. US Census Bureau data was used to identify tracts with high Asian populations in Philadelphia.
Two databases were used to identify food store outlets in those tracts. Approximately 150 stores were
identified and visited and fifteen were found to practice the sale of tofu from ‘buckets’ or open bins.
These 15 stores were visited on three occasions and both ‘bucket’ as well as prepackaged tofu samples
obtained. Both tofu cakes and juice were tested for temperature, pH, Aerobic Plate Count, coliforms,
fecal coliforms, E. coli, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. Results for 37 tofu samples and juice sold from
the bucket were compared to 14 prepackaged samples and their juice. For tofu samples from buckets
and packaged respectively: 73% and 28% had an aerobic plate count above 10(6) CFU/g; fecal coliforms
were found in 19% and 7%; average temperature of storage was 49 and 45’F; presence of S. aureus was
found in 3% of tofu from buckets; E. coli was found in 5% of juice from buckets. This study identified a
common risky food handling practice for the sale of tofu in small Asian retail markets.
Assessing and Treating Relational Aggression In Delinquent Youth
P-HUMN-7
KATHLEEN KEMP
Psychology
Relational aggression is an important predictor of social-psychological problems in youth, and it is
performed more often by girls than boys. This paper will provide a brief theoretical background of
relational aggression, review recent literature on short- and long-term outcomes for relationally
aggressive youth, and identify clinical targets for incorporating relational aggression into adolescent
treatments. A new anger management intervention for female juvenile offenders will be presented as
a clinical example of how to address relational aggression in the treatment of behavioral problems in
youth.
Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Pregnancy Intention, HIV Risk
Reduction and Psychological Distress
P-HUMN-8
ALEXA BONACQUISTI
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is characterized by physical, sexual or psychological abuse that occurs
within the context of an intimate relationship. IPV is a pervasive experience which affects as many as 1.5
million women each year, and women are most likely to encounter violence during their childbearing
years. IPV can result in serious physical and mental health consequences for the woman, ranging from
severe physical injury to psychological issues such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and
anxiety. Also, IPV has been shown to be associated with a decrease in positive health practices, most
notably a decrease in HIV risk reduction behavior. Research has indicated that having fertility control
increases a woman’s psychological well-being because she is empowered and in command of her own
reproductive choices. However, women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) often lack
this control due to an inability to negotiate condom use with their sexual partner for fear of violent
reprisal. Thus, women experiencing IPV have more unintended pregnancies than their counterparts
and are less able to protect themselves from HIV and other STDs/STIs through condom use. As a result,
they do not have high levels of perceived fertility control and therefore are more likely to have higher
levels of psychological distress due to their lack of control over their reproductive choices and their
sexual decision-making. More research should be conducted in this area to determine what factors may
mediate the relationship between IPV and psychological distress. This poster will review the relevant
literature in this area and suggest directions for future research.
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HUMN
Psychology
Pilot Study: Teens, Sex and the Internet
P-HUMN-9
DARAN COHN
Community Health and Prevention
PROBLEM: Parents, teachers, and healthcare providers are struggling to negotiate their changing
roles and responsibilities with adolescents growing up in a digital world. This study explores the ways
that the Internet may both help and harm adolescent health and development, including adolescent
understanding about human sexuality, attitudes about the sexual world and sexual behaviors.
METHODS: High school students and their parents/primary caretakers from a private urban school with
a diverse student body will participate in a mixed methods study. For the quantitative component,
a convenience sample of 50 high school students and their parents/primary caretakers will complete
a survey with five general themes: demographics, communication, knowledge, attitudes/beliefs
and Internet behaviors. Teens’ responses will be compared to parent responses. For the qualitative
component, 20 9th/10th and 11th/12th grade students and their parents/primary caretakers will
be selected to participate in a focus group discussion (two focus groups for students and two for
parents/primary caretakers). The focus groups will use a semi-structured format to explore three
themes: learning about health, using the Internet and determining the nature and extent of what is
learned from the Internet about health and sexuality. SIGNIFICANCE: The quantitative and qualitative
components will provide further insight into why and how teens are learning about sex from the
Internet and how the Internet affects adolescent sexuality, sexual health and development. Results will
guide the development of materials for parents on how to effectively help their teens navigate the
benefits and dangers to adolescent health that exist in the online environment.
Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Account For Variance In Safety-Related
Behaviors Among A Sample Of College Students With Insomnia
P-HUMN-10
AIMEE HILDENBRAND
HUMN
Christina O. Nash, Cindy Phillips , Jacqueline D. Kloss, Ph.D.
Psychology
Background and Rationale: Literature regarding the role of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre-sleep
cognitive arousal, and sleep quality in insomnia maintenance and severity is well-established. Sleepspecific safety behaviors have also been suggested to perpetuate insomnia by reinforcing dysfunctional
beliefs and maladaptive coping behaviors. According to Harvey’s cognitive model of insomnia, sleeprelated safety behaviors are defined as strategies developed by those with insomnia in an attempt to
avoid a feared outcome- typically the inability to fall asleep (2002). These behaviors are thought to be
counterproductive, as they prevent disconfirmation of erroneous beliefs and amplify excessive cognitive
arousal (Harvey, 2002). Objective: The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship
between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre-sleep arousal, and quality of sleep as potential
predictors of safety-related sleep behaviors among a sample of 75 college students with insomnia. It
was hypothesized that these factors would predict the use of safety-related behaviors surrounding
sleep. Specifically, we aimed to target aspects recommended by Woodley and Smith (2006), namely
providing a larger sample size and examining the relationship among other critical perpetuating
factors of insomnia. Method: This study utilized the Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep (DBAS), Pre-sleep
Arousal Scale (PSAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Safety Related Behavior Questionnaire
(SRBQ) to measure the variables of interest. Data was extracted from baseline questionnaires which
were administered as a part of a larger investigation that examined the efficacy of a written emotional
expression exercise on cognitive arousal and daytime functioning. Participants included 75 college
students who endorsed symptoms of insomnia, including disturbances in sleep initiation and/or
maintenance, psychological and/or social impairment in daytime functioning, for duration of at least
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six months, with symptoms at least three nights per week. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that
dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre-sleep arousal, and sleep quality were each significantly correlated
with safety-related sleep behaviors. Because we were interested in the unique variance that these
factors accounted for in the ratings of safety-related sleep behaviors, each variable was entered into
a simultaneous entry linear regression. Dysfunctional thinking about sleep was the sole predictor of
safety-related behaviors, accounting for 22.9% of the variance, while controlling for arousal and sleep
quality. Discussion: These findings further support the findings of Woodley and Smith (2006), which
emphasize the significance of dysfunctional beliefs on perpetuating safety-related behaviors among
college students with insomnia. Attention to beliefs about sleep as a hypothesized mechanism not only
for predicting cognitive arousal and sleep, but also for accounting for the variance in daytime symptoms
and behaviors is warranted. Examining the interrelationships of these multiple factors in the often
vicious cycle of insomnia may be helpful in targeting variables to improve current and future cognitivebehavioral interventions.
A Structured Literature Review of Drug Courts: Background and Future
Research
P-HUMN-11
VASILEIOS BOUFIDIS
Dr Dave DeMatteo, Dr John Kounios
Psychology
Drug courts have dramatically altered the response of the judiciary to drug-involved criminal
offenders. Rather than simply punishing drug-involved offenders through incarceration, drug courts
provide judicially supervised drug treatment designed to reduce relapse to drug use and criminal
recidivism. Their goal is to treat substance dependence and give offenders a second chance to reestablish themselves in the larger society through the provision of drug treatment and social services.
Although drug courts report high graduation rates ‘ often above 70% ‘ identifying clients who are
likely to perform well (or poorly) in drug court programs is a difficult task. This structured literature
review will (1) summarize the existing empirical data on the effectiveness of drug courts, (2) propose
a methodology for examining whether success/failure in drug courts can be predicted from urinalysis
test results and psychological testing, (3) discuss the clinical implications of identifying clients likely to
perform well/poorly in drug courts, and (4) identify areas for future research.
Using Both Folders and Tags to Organize and Re-Find Your Files?
HUMN
P-HUMN-12
SHANSHAN MA
Information Technology
Hierarchical folders have been widely used for managing digital files. Previous research has revealed
problems with them. Users frequently have to turn to desktop search to re-find files, even if they
thought they had saved them in a memorable place. Tagging may have the potential to improve
information navigation and organization. This research in progress aims at exploring the possibility
of incorporating tagging into the hierarchical folder structure for file management, especially for the
process of file organization and file re-finding. This work will provide design implications for future file
management tools.
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Factor Structure of the Miranda Rights Comprehension Instruments II
P-HUMN-13
HEATHER ZELLE
Kathleen Kemp, Christina Riggs Romaine, Naomi Goldstein
Psychology
A waiver of Miranda rights is valid only if a suspect provides it knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.
The Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Rights were created with the goal
of assessing individuals’ basic understanding of the Miranda rights (i.e., the knowing prong) and their
appreciation of waiving those rights (i.e., the intelligent prong). The revised instruments, the Miranda
Rights Comprehension Instruments-II, maintain that goal. It has been hypothesized that the component
instruments load on two factors that comprise the knowing and intelligent requirements. The twofactor structure has been partially supported by product-moment correlations; however, a direct
statistical analysis of the hypothetical structure has not been completed. The current study examined
the factor structure of the MRCI-II. It was hypothesized that a two-factor model would provide the
best fit, with the CMR-II, CMR-R-II and CMV-II loading on a factor constituting the understanding
requirement and the FRI loading on a separate factor constituting the appreciation requirement. Data
were collected from 183 adolescent boys and girls in pre- and post-adjudication facilities in Pennsylvania
and Massachusetts. The MRCI-II, verbal sections of the WIAT and WASI, and Gudjonsson Suggestibility
Scale -2 were administered to participants. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor model with
the CMR-II and CMR-R-II loading on Factor 1, the FRI loading on Factor 2, and the CMV-II loading on
Factors 1 and 2. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated the two-factor model provided a good fit to the
data, as did a one-factor model, whereas a three-factor model provided a poor fit.
A Closer Examination of the Insomnia Narratives from the ‘Clear Your
Head Before Bed’ Study
P-HUMN-14
CHRISTINA O. NASH
HUMN
Psychology
The primary aim of our ongoing ‘Clear Your Head before Bed’ study (Kloss et al., 2008), is to test the
efficacy of a written emotion expression exercise to decrease pre-sleep cognitive arousal using a sample
of college students who endorsed symptoms of insomnia. Our quantitative analyses of this investigation
have so far surprisingly yielded null results. Compared to a control group, individuals in the writing
group did not differ on any primary outcome measures, such as pre-sleep cognitive and physiological
arousal or sleep onset latency. This is puzzling theoretically, and stands in contrast to the findings of
Harvey and colleagues (2003), who demonstrated benefits of a written emotional expression exercise
for poor sleepers. For these reasons, the current study aims to examine the qualitative components of
the written emotional expression exercise to aid in the discussion of the utility of using such exercises
to improve sleep quality and quantity in college students with self-reported symptoms of insomnia.
Analyses of the written narratives will be undertaken, not only to ensure that the integrity of the
assignments were met and that the manipulation itself was reliable, but also to qualitatively assess the
composition of the narratives and whether or not specific variables of interest correlated with better
outcomes. For example, the degree to which participants engaged in cognitive restructuring, emotional
expression, and problem-solving through the daily writing exercises will be assessed. In addition, the
time of night participants engaged in the exercise, the duration of the narratives, and length will be
correlated with outcome. Judgments from two independent raters who are blind to the hypotheses
of the study will provide inter-rater reliability estimates. Examination of the qualitative aspects of the
written emotional expression may aid in the interpretation and/or future directions for the use of
expressive writing to reduce insomnia severity in undergraduate students.
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Ad Hoc Toolkits in Web Design: Implications for Creativity Support Tools
P-HUMN-15
THOMAS H. PARK
Information Studies
Creativity support tools (CSTs) facilitate creativity through exploration, experimentation, and
sensemaking in tasks that are not well-defined. Much research has focused on the use of integrated,
highly specialized computer programs for these activities. This study seeks to uncover the full variety
of tools that end users rely upon during the creative process, with special attention paid to noncomputerized and basic computing tools. This study will conduct semi-structured interviews of
nonprofessional web design students ‘ those who are taking a web design course but are not planning
to become professional web designers. Trained on the same initial set of computer programs, they build
ad hoc toolkits differentiated by their evolving needs, styles, and goals. A more complete knowledge of
these practices holds implications for the design of CSTs.
The Impact of Social Networking Technology on Information Seeking for
Entrepreneurs
P-HUMN-16
MARK TRIBBITT
Yamuna Baburaj
It has been determined that the development and utilization of social capital is a critical tool for the
success of many businesses. While this phenomenon has been studied extensively in the management
literature, the impact of the primary components of social capital, bonding social capital and bridging
social capital, have not been examined within the literature. The purpose of our paper is to examine the
impact of social networking technology on the information seeking abilities of small and medium sized
firms as they look for financing opportunities. Additionally, we look to understand whether online and
face to face interaction have differing impacts on this information seeking by these firms. Integrating
the social capital, information seeking and internet technology literatures and examining this synthesis
in the context of small firms, we propose a framework that attempts to advance the literature in the
domain of small firm entrepreneurship.
HUMN
A Literacy-Based Needs Assessment Analysis for Ells with Interrupted
Formal Education in Philadelphia Schools
P-HUMN-17
AMANDA MCARTHUR
English and Philosophy
Immigrant populations are on the rise in the neighborhoods of Philadelphia, and with them come
high school-age students from a variety of backgrounds who have had limited or no formal education
before their arrival in the United States. Most of these students with interrupted formal education
(SIFEs) have limited literacy skills in their first language, and so must perform double or triple the work
of American students ‘ they must learn English without transferable academic literacy skills, while at
the same time working toward graduation in main-stream high school classes in a set amount of time.
Some research has been done on these students’ situation and needs, including a foundational report
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by the Carnegie Foundation, but most language acquisition research focuses on English Language
Learners (ELLs) in general, without focusing specifically on SIFEs. This project draws on the Carnegie
report, as well as general acquisition theory on literacy transfer, and observations made while serving
as an adjunct English instructor. These perspectives were applied directly to Philadelphia SIFE’s needs,
as determined through a class observation at John Bartram High School and teacher interviews at both
Bartram and Carver High Schools. The project presents aspects of a program model that would best
serve SIFEs throughout Philadelphia, and shows that much work needs to be done. SIFEs represent a
unique population with particular cultural and linguistic needs and a high motivation to learn. They
require opportunities that could be presented in program that draws on the experiences and insight
of teachers already available in the schools to develop materials and curricula catering to their specific
needs. The project’s conclusions are examined in light of ‘Imagine 2014,’ a new plan for the School
District first presented in February, 2009. With further work with District students and teachers, as well
as the Drexel’s English Language Center and service organizations throughout the city, this research can
lay the groundwork for a sustainable and student-centered program for ELLs with interrupted formal
education.
Measuring Patient Satisfaction with Foodservice after Implementing New
Patient Menus
P-HUMN-18
SHANNON SCHWEIZER
Jennifer Trenkamp
Biology
Patient satisfaction can be described as the summation of the entire patient’s experiences in the
hospital. The importance of patient satisfaction relates to the likelihood that the patient will return to
the hospital or will recommend it to friends and family members. Patient satisfaction with meal services
has typically been rated low when compared to other areas of service in hospitals. In 2008, a community
hospital implemented a new patient menu using their existing cook-chill system. We hypothesize that
the new foodservice menu increases patient satisfaction as measured by a survey tool. Results from the
Press Ganey survey were compared from pre- to post-implementation of the new menu. The questions
answered by the participants included: the temperature of the food when served, the quality of the
food, and the courtesy of the person who served the food. The sample size was 100 patients. Using SPSS
v. 16, a t-test found that there was no statistical difference between pre- and post-survey scores (p
HUMN
I.G. Farben: Company executives in Hitler’s regime
P-HUMN-19
MEREDITH TOTTEN
Marketing
When six German companies came together in 1925, they formed one of the largest corporations in the
world, I.G. Farben. The chemical giant came to have a great influence throughout the country because
of its vast presence in industry. Through its synthetic fuel development program, I.G. Farben formed
a relationship with Hitler that cultivated into an intertwined partnership, stemming from company
executives’ roles within the Nazi party. Two of the most influential authors on I.G. Farben are Joseph
Borkin and Peter Hayes. While Borkin focused on the company’s indictments during the Nuremberg
trial, Hayes compiled an overview of its composition and actions from the time of its formation.
However, neither of these scholars focused on the overall organizational structure of the company in
relation to the Nazi party. This project considers the weight I.G. Farben carried for Germany during
WWII, by examining the way its executive structure fit together and related to the Nazis. Research on
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the company’s top level management was used to make a series of hierarchical diagrams documenting
the changes in the corporate structure that linked back to the company’s government ties. Developing
these diagrams permitted the examination of the effectiveness of the structure that I.G. Farben had in
place. Most influential figures in the company were not members of the highest body, the supervisory
board, but rather part of a concentrated group known as the Central Committee. There is a correlation
between an increased number of Central Committee members with positions in the Nazi party and I.G.
Farben making controversial business decisions. Future I.G. Farben researchers will be able to use the
representation of the executive structure created in this study to further examine the way power was
distributed throughout the firm.
The Impact of Trade Liberization on Family Structures and Traditions in
Vietnam
P-HUMN-21
HAI NGUYEN
Finance
Starting in the late 1980s, continuing through the 1990s and 2000s, Vietnam has transformed itself
from an economic weakling into one of the most successful countries in the world in terms of
economic growth, poverty reduction, and increased household welfare. The changes in economic
conditions have led to dramatic social changes. I investigated previous research on many aspects of
economic development and the social changes that accompany them. Geoffrey Hainsworth provides
an insightful analysis of Vietnam’s complex and rapidly evolving political, economic, social and cultural
change. Binh Tran examined the extent of social and cultural change in Vietnam following the nation’s
implementation of a new market. Within the scope of this research paper, I discuss the effects of
economic development on family structures and traditions and examine more closely the correlation
between them. What I have found may have implications for government policies with respect to: 1)
housing market, 2) labor force, and 3) family planning and business opportunities that may arise from
the changes in social conditions.
Urban Agriculture in Philadelphia: Lessons for Citizenship and Ecological
Democracy
P-HUMN-22
Biology
Urban agriculture comes in various shapes and sizes, offers numerous benefits, and presents a host of
challenges. The City of Philadelphia recognizes the potential of the cultivation of its land and has taken
steps to institutionalize support for it in the form of the Philadelphia Food Charter. Here we explore
ways farms and gardens foster citizenship by creating spaces for city residents to participate in their
food systems. Our survey of seven of the city’s agricultural organizations reveals the reflexive quality
of social learning that environmental political theorists defend as the core of a new ecological politics.
First, we demonstrate ways in which these urban agriculture projects foster inclusive participation in
the city’s food system, allowing city residents to be food citizens, not just consumers. Then, we illustrate
how city farming practices facilitate reflexive social learning on two levels: 1) by learning about their
food ‘ where, how, and by whom it is grown ‘ people may be able to make more informed decisions
about their food system, and 2) by participating in food growing groups, people can learn how to be
more effective citizens. We suggest that if Philadelphia wishes to support urban agricultural activity
as a means of reaching its sustainability goals, it should do so in a way that protects and nurtures the
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HUMN
KATHARINE TRAVALINE
gains for ecological citizenship achieved by some of the urban agricultural experiments described here.
In other words, we argue for an urban agriculture policy committed to democratic participation and
public deliberation.
Sleep Discrepancy & Daily Functioning
P-HUMN-24
MAISA ZIADNI
Cindy Phillips
Psychology
Introduction: A vicious cycle often ensues between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, poor sleep quality
and compromised daytime functioning. The purpose of this study is to examine sleep discrepancy and
its relationship to sleep quality, quantity and daily functioning in a college population. Sleep dissonance
-- difference between the actual total sleep time and the preferred total sleep time -- is based on the
assumption that the greater discrepancy between the amount of sleep one thinks one needs and
the actual amount one gets could lead to negative evaluation of one’s sleep, thereby worsening or
perpetuating maladaptive daytime functioning.
Methods: Preliminary analysis was based on18 subjects recruited from a larger study assessing college
student sleep and pain reporting. In the current study, we examined the discrepancy between Preferred
Total Sleep Time (PTST) reports (measured by calculating the difference between the reported preferred
bedtime and preferred waketime) and the actual Total Sleep Time (TST). Analysis was conduced to test
for associations between the sleep discrepancy and the sleep efficiency, sleep quality, sleep latency, and
daily functioning including total depression and anxiety scores.
Results: Discrepancy between preferred total sleep time PTST and total sleep time TST was significantly
negatively correlated with sleep efficiency (X2= -0.70, p<.01), and is positively correlated with sleep
latency (X2= 0.77, p<.01). However, no significant correlations were found for the discrepancy between
PTST and TST on the depression and anxiety scores. Finally, no significant correlation was found
between the discrepancy between PTST & TST and sleep quality.
HUMN
Conclusions: This analytical study examines the discrepancy between the number of hours college
students want to sleep, and the amount of sleep they actually get. The more discrepancy, the more time
they spend awake while trying to sleep and the longer it takes them to fall asleep. These can become
catalysts for future insomnia as individuals want to be sleeping for longer periods but are not able to
sustain/achieve the same length of actual sleep. It is noteworthy that data analyses are ongoing and
continued analyses may reveal further results as statistical power increases.
The Effect of Age and Gender on Perceptions of Police Interrogation Tactics
P-HUMN-25
LINDSEY WRAZIEN
Stephnaie Taormina, Heather Zelle
Psychology
Extant research has revealed that youth are more suggestible to police interrogation techniques than
are adults, and they may be at greater risk of falsely confessing to crimes during police interrogations. It
is unclear what jurors know about the legality of police interrogation techniques; therefore, this study
examined potential, educated jurors’ beliefs about the legality of police interrogation strategies with
juvenile suspects. Four hundred and thirty-eight college student participants completed surveys asking
about perceptions regarding the legality of police interrogation strategies with juveniles; age and
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gender of the suspect were experimentally manipulated, and results will be presented.
A Phenomenological Experience Of Singing Vocal Harmony with Another
Person
P-HUMN-26
KRISTA F. WINTER
The purpose of this phenomenological study is to gain insight and understanding of the experience of
singing vocal harmony with another person. For the purpose of this study, semi-structured interviews
were conducted with adults who are capable of singing vocal harmony. Singing vocal harmony with
the interviewer occurred as part of the interview to obtain first-hand information about the lived
experience of the interviewee. There is little research to explain or understand a person’s perception
and psychological experience of singing vocal harmony. One study found the development of the ability
to sing and prefer harmony occurs in the midst of adolescence between middle school and high school.
(Brittain 1998). Some music therapists choose to use vocal harmony within their sessions. Diane Austin
includes vocal harmony as a specific step in her ‘vocal holding’ technique (Austin 2001). Four healthy
adult participants met individually with the researcher to conduct an interview. During the interview,
the participant was asked to recall and describe previous experiences they have had singing in vocal
harmony. Participants sang a song of their choice with the researcher, first in unison, then took turns
adding harmonization to the established melody and answered questions describing this particular
experience singing vocal harmony with another person. Data is being coded and will form categories
that may relate to experiences of physical sensations, thoughts, feelings, memories and/or spiritual
experiences. The findings of this research will hopefully increase the awareness of the music therapist to
the significance of vocal harmony and the choice to use or omit harmony in their practice.
Perceptions of Police Interrogation Techniques with Juvenile Suspects
P-HUMN-29
STEPHANIE TAORMINA
Jurors are responsible for weighing the credibility of confessions and generally view confessions as
reliable pieces of evidence. Nonetheless, juveniles are more suggestible than adults and are at increased
risk of providing false confessions. This study was designed to identify how likely participants would
believe that specific interrogation strategies would be to elicit false confessions from youthful suspects.
It was also designed to examine participants’ knowledge about the legality of police interrogation
tactics with juvenile suspects. Four hundred thirty-eight undergraduate students reported their
beliefs about the degree to which police interrogation strategies would result in false confessions
from juvenile suspects. They also reported their beliefs about the legality of these strategies for use
with youthful suspects. It was hypothesized that participants would believe that few strategies would
regularly elicit false confessions from juvenile suspects and that they would have misconceptions about
the legality of police interrogation techniques. The results of this study showed that the participants
were largely undecided in their perceptions of the impact of interrogation techniques on juvenile
suspects and that they can accurately identify the legality of legal interrogation strategies more readily
than illegal tactics. The results suggest that it may be beneficial for expert witnesses to educate juries
about the legality of interrogation techniques and the potential influence of such techniques on
juvenile suspects’ confessions.
209
HUMN
Psychology
Key Decision Points In Emergency Medical Care
P-HUMN-30
MARY GALLAGHER GORDON
Dr. Susan Gasson
Information Studies
Background Information systems that can offer point of care resources, just-in-time learning, and
decision support at the point of need are critical to the medication administration process. Healthcare
information systems can assist with the collection of, distribution, and access to patient health records
and can provide clinical decision support across a wide range of contexts. But there is a disconnect
between the integrative potential for healthcare systems and their use in practice. Various medical
organizations operate in unique ways. Healthcare information systems are designed to conform with
local culture, practices and information collection methods. It is difficult to share information between
organizations and it is frequently difficult to share information between systems designed for different
purposes within the same organization. Yet ease of information-sharing is a key requirement for
patient safety. Research on IT-supported healthcare information systems has found that their use can
improve patient safety, but that they do not reduce the time spent on administering medical care:
they may increase the time demands of information collection and access. These time demands pose
a risk to patient care and provide a disincentive to healthcare systems use. They result from a lack of
attention to information needs and workflow support by designers of IT systems. The Research Study
This study reports on an ethnographic study of key decision-points in the Emergency Department of
a large city hospital. We identify key decision-points in emergency care, then analyze the information
needs of each key decision point using the Goal-Question-Metric approach used by Yashiko & Basili
(1997), to relate formal goals for successful risk-management to informal and implicit goals. We identify
the availability of information required at each decision-point, analyzing the contribution of formal,
HIT information systems in meeting these needs. The findings will allow us to identify key elements
in information gathering, dissemination, and access that control patient risk and safety in emergency
medical care. As a result, we will suggest improvements to both formal and informal systems of
information in emergency care.
The Creation Of An Altered Book for Burnout Reduction In Emergency
Room Personnel: A Mixed Method Pilot Study
P-HUMN-31
HUMN
ALLISON HENEGHAN
Burnout is believed to be a result of chronic untreated stress. Healthcare workers are faced with
stressful situations on a daily basis. Burnout has been well documented through out the healthcare
professions, including emergency room personnel. The use of art therapy as a treatment intervention
for burnout has not been systematically researched. Yet there is literature documenting the clinical
experience of using art therapy with individuals at risk for burnout. This literature suggests that
an art therapy intervention may be useful in reducing burnout symptoms. There has been very
little documentation of using an altered book as an art therapy intervention, and it has not been
systematically researched. This study is recruiting 10 healthcare workers from the emergency room. This
study utilizes a mixed methods approach to address two objectives to this study. First was to utilize the
creation of an altered book as an art therapy intervention with healthcare workers in the emergency
room who were self identified as being burnout out. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was utilized as a
pre- and post- test measure of self reported levels of burnout. Second objective was to understand the
lived experience of the emergency room personnel. This data will be obtained through semi-structured
interviews.
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Public Perception of Mass Transit
P-HUMN-32
DANIEL G. SIMON
Culture and Communication
While the current recession has caused a drop in the price of gasoline, we’re already seeing an increase
in gas prices from their lows of a few months ago. As the economic recovery takes place and low cost
automobiles such as the Tata Nano encourage vehicle ownership in countries such as India and China,
it is reasonable to expect gas prices to return to their stratospheric pre-recession levels and higher.
What effect will this have on the public’s use of mass transit? As one of the steps in trying to answer
this question. I would like to measure the public’s current perception of public transportation. This
project will create a survey to determine the public view of mass transportation. The survey will be
disseminated to two populations, one urban and one suburban.
The Myths, Legends, and Sicilian Culture
P-HUMN-34
CATENA CROZIER-FITZGERALD
An isolated island in the middle of the highly-populated Mediterranean Sea, Sicily has been historically
recognized for its exciting and fluctuating cultures. Major world powers throughout history, have
lusted for possession of Sicily, enticed by its profitable location and resources. Periods of conquest have
been recorded back to 735 B.C. when it became part of the Greek empire. Throughout the next 2600
years, the Pheonician, Roman, Byzantine, Muslim, Arab-Islam, Norman, and Aragon empires along with
many other dominations attempted to conquer the three-cornered island. While these various nations
often inhabited the Sicilian soil for significant periods of time, the island gradually became a fusion of
diverse architecture, political systems, and religious practice. As expected, the native Sicilian population
has enforced various methods throughout history to ensure the survival of their culture. Today, their
endurance to withstand centuries of attack, brutality and attempted subjugation proves the passion
with which they defend their unique history and identity. While they have assimilated many positive
aspects from the international inhabitants of the past, it is evident that they have never lost their
unique character. Forced to rationalize the debilitating psychological and social effects of invasion as
well as natural disasters, the Sicilian people have created a vast assortment of myths and legends with
which they might better understand their situation. For example, their folklore range from explaining
the treacherous straits of Messina with Scylla and Kharybdis to remind navigators to advance with
prudence; the three points of the island being supported by a boy that became a fish by his mother’s
curse; the earthquake of 1693 being predicted by a strega in a dream in order to punish the people of
Catania. They have also exercised a variety superstitions and spiritually related methods, such as the mal
occhia, or evil eye, and various prevention and removal methods are widely accredited. These myths
and legends give an interesting insight to the inimitable and distinct Sicilian culture.
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HUMN
Student Power Across Borders
P-HUMN-37
HARMONY T. PIECHOTA
International Studies and Modern Languages
Student Power Across Borders: The Modern Student Movement as a Transnational Advocacy Network
by: Harmony T. Piechota The current student movement is filled with great potential and unique
strategy. Increasing numbers of young people around the world are working together, and in solidarity
with one another, to effect the changes they see necessary. Can these networks classify the student
movement as a significant transnational actor? Information and resources about transnational advocacy
networks will provide evidence that the movement is, in fact, an important network that transcends
borders. Student and youth activists in many areas of the globe are working to address issues that
involve both themselves and individuals in other nations, in addition to working in solidarity with and
for people experiencing issues that the activists and advocates themselves are not directly affected by.
The American youth-led progressive organization Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) will be used
as an example of just how far-reaching the modern student movement is. SDS is a major part of the
movement in the United States, but its effects can be seen internationally as well. Through this example
and other information about the work being done by students and youth, a conclusion will be drawn
about the transnationality and importance of the student movement, and all of these things will be
tied together to show the effects of student power across borders.
Factors Affecting Non-Disclosure Of HIV Status Among HIV Positive African
American Women
P-HUMN-40
IFEANYI NZEGWU
HUMN
The prevalence of HIV is steadily increasing among women and currently women make up a higher
percentage of HIV positive people then ever before. Amongst women in the United States, African
American women are disproportionately infected. New research and prevention efforts are now
shifting to focus on those living with HIV. Identifying Risk factors associated with non-disclosure of
HIV status to ones sexual partner(s) could help focus prevention and intervention efforts on those risk
factors. In the present study, for which data was collected from April 2004 through December 2006,
220 HIV positive women who attend a HIV clinic were recruited. The sample of women was reduced to
100 women after excluding those who were not sexually active. 72% of the women had disclosed their
status to at least one sexual partner and 28% had not disclosed to any partner(s). Univariate analysis
showed an association between a woman’s education level and disclosure of status (P=0.036) as those
with only a high school education did not disclose as much compared to those with no education or
some college or more. When analysis was restricted to those with primary partners, non disclosure of
status was associated with having a HIV negative partner or a partner of unknown HIV status. These
results provide some understanding of women who do not disclose their HIV status and could be used
to screen for women who need HIV intervention and prevention programs.
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A Socratic Willie Wonka
P-HUMN-41
ANTHONY TYLER
Physics
Here I examine connections between Plato’s Symposium and Tim Burton’s Charlie and the Chocolate
Factory. In order to establish these connections, I compared the behavior of Willie Wonka towards
the children to how the actions of a lover towards a beloved are described in Plato’s Symposium. The
sexual themes were furthered by finding secondary sources which found them in the film. Through this
methodology, It was found that there are several hints of sexual themes in the film and that there are
suggestions of pederasty in the Athenian tradition.
Characteristics of Diurnal Cerebral Blood Flow: an fNIRS Case Study
P-HUMN-43
LEELA G. EHRHART
Psychology
GIS Mapping of Retail Food Access to Assess Risks for Chronic and Acute
Illness in Populations of Different Poverty Levels
P-HUMN-44
VALERIE L. DARCEY
Biology
Characteristics of the built environment, including availability and type of retail food outlets, vary with
area poverty. This affects consumption patterns of area residents and may, in turn, affect both local
incidence of obesity and rates of food borne illness. This research utilizes a unique approach to analyze
retail food access and food safety risk. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to plot retail
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HUMN
Characteristics of Diurnal Cerebral Blood Flow: an fNIRS Case Study Abstract The objective of this
research study is to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a neuroimaging technology, to
identify the characteristics of diurnal cerebral blood flow during naturalistic behaviors throughout the
course of an average day. fNIRS has traditionally been paired with cognitive tasks to find relationships
between brain activity and performance and / or to examine differences between populations of
interest. Although imaging studies exist that look at the circadian rhythm of cerebral blood flow, the
experimental paradigms are usually limited to resting conditions because of technical restrictions due to
the neuroimaging techniques. fNIRS would instead offer more portability and ecological validity, thus
alleviating some of the limitations of other more traditional neuroimaging modalities. Up to now, no
experiments have examined brain behavior during naturalistic activities over the course of a day with
fNIRS. Here we present the preliminary results from a single subject for whom hemodynamic activity
within the prefrontal cortex was monitored using fNIRS. Over the course of a thirteen hour day, the
subject completed nine fNIRS recording sessions, each lasting thirty minutes, while watching a television
show. Thus far, our research indicates that the activation of the cerebral cortex throughout the day
shows some diurnal variability across testing sessions. Although previous studies have focused on
different experimental paradigms and different areas of the cerebral cortex (e.g. Schroeter, 2006), their
findings are consistent with the preliminary results of this study. Nonetheless, a larger pool of subjects
will be needed in order to improve the generalizability of these initial results.
food listings, from two databases, and foodservice critical health code violations (CHV) over poverty in
Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania. Listings were purchased from Dun and Bradstreet (D&B) and determined
using inspection records from the Philadelphia Health Department (PHD). Addresses were geocoded to
census tracts (N=368). Tracts were classified into quintiles using Census Bureau poverty data. GIS overlay
analysis was used to group locations within tracts. To examine retail food access, Chi-square statistic was
utilized to test interaction between poverty and store type. Using either database (D&B, N=4,643; PHD,
N=8,317), a significant interaction was found between poverty and the distribution of food markets,
indicating that rates of all grocery stores, including corner markets, were highest in high poverty areas.
Further analysis revealed that high poverty areas contained both lower percentages of chain markets
and supermarkets compared to low poverty areas. Though fast food was more prevalent in high
poverty areas versus low, the interaction between poverty and the distribution of fast-food and full
service restaurants was only significant using PHD but not D&B. To examine distribution of CHV, PHD
inspection records from 2005 to 2008 for all foodservice locations (N=13,485) were analyzed. While 52%
of facilities had zero CHV, the average rate of CHV for all foodservice facilities was 0.67 per inspection.
Rates of CHV across poverty groups were found to be significantly different. The highest rate of CHV
was associated with the lowest poverty group. These results indicate an association of increased access
to chain food markets and higher rates of CHV with lowest poverty rates. This study demonstrates the
use of GIS technology to assess food safety risks and the novel comparison of two data sources to assess
community food access.
Case Management & Condom Use Among African American HIV Positive
Women
P-HUMN-46
SAGARIKA KOKA
HUMN
Currently in Philadelphia, there are approximately 16,000 people living with HIV ‘with 1,400 new cases
diagnosed each year. In Philadelphia, African Americans make up 67% of the HIV patient population
(Kaiser, 2008). Moreover, based on reports from the Department of Public Health, the proportion of
women to men living with HIV continues to grow (AACO). The purpose of this project, is to study the
association between having an HIV case manager and the outcome associated with reducing highrisk HIV transmission behaviors - measured within an integrated secondary prevention service: the
Protect and Respect Program. Although the case manager’s primary role is not focused on secondary
prevention exclusively, a preliminary review of literature suggests that certain consequences of having
a case manager can alter client behaviors. As a result, then, these two groups - case manger vs. no
case manager - must be compared within the Protect and Respect dataset. African-American women
who are provided with case management will be more likely to use condoms and disclose their HIV
status than African-American women who are not provided with case management. About 50% of the
women are currently taking Antiretroviral medications and the average consumer of ARVs has been
taking the drug therapy for 28.7 months (SD = 38). The vast majority - about 82% - of women believe
that the most likely way that they got infected with HIV was by having intercourse with a HIV+ man. A
theory that explains the lower predictive ability of self efficacy amongst the African American female
population is that these females have a higher rate of condom use when compared to other ethnic
groups. As a result, other variables may be more important than confidence in using condoms in regard
to this population.
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What are the Relationships of Preparedness and Perceived Burden on
Anxiety in Family Caregivers?
P-HUMN-47
DEANNE ZWICKER
Nursing
This paper examines the relationship of preparedness and perceived burden on anxiety in family
caregivers of persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia. Sixty-three female family caregivers
participated in the interview. Preparedness was measured using the Preparedness Scale of Family
Care Inventory (Archbold et al., 1990). Perceived burden was measured using the subjective burden
subscale of the Caregiver Burden Scale (Montgomery & Borgatta, 1989). Anxiety was measure using
the Spielbeger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970) state anxiety scale. Behavior
problems were measured using the Revised Memory Behavior Problem Checklist (Teri et al., 1992). Data
were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple regression. The mean
age for caregivers was 59 (SD 12.53); 28.8% had partial college, 23.7% completed college degrees, and
23.7% completed high school. Most of the caregivers had incomes ranging from $40,000 to 75,000.
Approximately 16% of caregivers reported emotional problems. Results showed that preparedness
and perceived burden accounted for 20% of the variance in anxiety among female family caregivers
of persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. More research is needed to explore the function of
preparedness in relation to caregiver anxiety as well as on the outcomes of caregiving effectiveness and
patient well-being.
Structural Changes in the Portuguese Economy
P-HUMN-48
NEDKO YORDANOV
This article project reflects the changes that the Portuguese economy underwent in the period 1968 2003 in relation to the political environment in that country. The proximity of the Portuguese economy
in terms of size and historical events to the Eastern European economies allows for a parallel to be
made between their developments. Thus, the paper draws implications about the possible economic
development of the Eastern European countries that recently joined the European Union (EU). During
the period investigated in this study, Portugal went from authoritarian rule to communist regime
to democracy, as each government introduced and enforced different legislation. Thus, the natural
starting point and initial goal of the project is to investigate how those policies affected the economy.
The research is divided in three parts. First the paper reviews the macroeconomic and political history
of the country and highlights major events that affected the economy. Moreover, four key years
accounting for major historic events are identified. In the second part, industry level data are used to
describe the effects of those events and the associated policies on the selected industries. The third part
of the paper compares the macroeconomic data for Portugal and the Eastern European countries and
draws lessons for the development and transition for those countries.
215
HUMN
Integration Of Hiv, Std, Tuberculosis, and Hepatitis Programs In
Philadelphia: Identifying The Necessary Elements Towards Successful
Program Integration, and How To Sustain A Working Integration Effort
P-HUMN-49
MARCELO H. FERNANDEZ-VINA
Health Management and Policy
Background: Infectious disease program integration is a major area of interest in terms of improving
disease control, patient care, and cost efficiency. HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis programs
are of particular interest, given the overlap in risk factors for these diseases. Through a CDC initiative,
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis program integration became a top public health priority.
In response, the Division of Disease Control at the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH)
began an assessment on their program integration efforts. Objective: To assess the status of integration
between HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis programs, understand how this level of integration
was achieved, identify key players and necessary components to successful integration efforts, facilitate
further integration through communication and meetings, and develop methods that can be used to
sustain these efforts. Design/Methods: After expedited IRB approval was obtained, fifteen structured
key informant interviews with HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis program staff were conducted.
Four workgroup meetings were held to discuss integration and create feasible goals. The workgroup
is composed of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis program staff. Results: Initial assessments
revealed a high degree of program integration. Action steps, barriers, and key players were identified,
which facilitated further integration. Necessary components to a sustained integration effort were
identified, particularly the importance of an integration workgroup that meets regularly. In conclusion,
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis programs at the PDPH identified opportunities for further
program integration that would improve patient access to services, and create a more efficient and
comprehensive system.
The Construction of Knowledge across Online Communities of Interest
P-HUMN-50
WARREN ALLEN
HUMN
Dr. Susan Gasson
Information Studies
Background Social networks are the basis of web 2.0 forums, where individuals interact to share
knowledge and to build communities-of-interest. It is assumed that accepted knowledge in such
communities is constructed through the interchange of insights by domain-experts. But what we
consider ‘knowledge’ or ‘expertise’ on web 2.0 sites are the inscriptions left by heterogeneous processes
and interactions between participants. These are based on assumptional frameworks and sociotechnical mediation opportunities that are later obscured from view. Internet social networks are
mediated by specific affordances: the “action possibilities” latent in the socio-technical environment
and dependent on an individual’s capabilities (Gibson, 1977). For example, a discussion forum that
requires significant technical ability to use will not afford full participation if the individual in question
lacks technical expertise. But in addition, as Latour (1987) reminds us in his work on Actor-Network
Theory, knowledge and facts are constructed through the alignment of interests and their inscription
in immutable mobiles, rather than some objectively-perceived criteria for acceptance. So web 2.0
social networks inscribe knowledge in a form that is difficult to challenge ‘ simply because it becomes
accepted as fact by the community-of-interest. The Research Study Increasingly, the online identity
established in web 2.0 alliances affords the potential for domain experts to act as though-leaders
across multiple social networking websites. We can no longer simply examine how members of a single
social network interact, to reveal how specific views of the world become accepted by a community.
216
We must examine interactions across multiple online social networks. To understand communities of
interest, we need to follow their proponents around in order to understand the processes by which
‘knowledge’ and ‘expertise’ is generated. The study therefore investigates patterns of engagement with
online discussion boards and other forms of knowledge exchange forum on a variety of web 2.0 sites. It
examines the affordances that support core and peripheral participation in the community-of-interest
and also affordances that permit various types of inscription, to understand the mechanisms by which
knowledge and expertise become immutable in such exchanges. The findings will reveal how sociotechnical website design and thought-leader behaviors afford different forms of participation in various
types of community-of-interest. References: Gibson, J.J. (1977) The Theory of Affordances, in Perceiving,
Acting, and Knowing, R. Shaw and J. Bransford, Editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Latour, B. (1987) Science in
Action. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press
The Happiest Guy I Know
S-HUMN-2
MICHAEL RYAN
Sarahjane Pattwell
Film & Video
The original goal of this documentary was to inform the viewer about quadriplegic rugby or murderball
through the eyes of the Magee Eagles rugby team. Over the course of filming however, co-director
Sarahjane and myself realized the true story did not lie in the sport but instead in those that played it.
AJ Nanayakara is the Wheelchair Sports Program Coordinator at the Magee Rehabilitation Hospital. We
initially met AJ to simply get his approval to use the Magee Eagles as our subject but we both quickly
realized that his story was far more gripping and evocative than any story on the sport as a whole. This
film is not about the sport of wheelchair rugby so much as the ways in which it can affect one’s life for
the better. AJ was injured several years ago during a martial arts exercise. He had always been athletic
before his injury and did not easily accept his situation afterwords. He became a shut in and worse but
getting involved with the rugby team changed his life. He went from “a big ball of lazy” to a renowned
athlete. More importantly than his physical change though is his mental one. AJ is not just a rugby
player, he is a certified scuba diver, he has a family, and most importantly he has become a mentor
for the recently injured. AJ Nanayakara has experienced it all and hides nothing from either those he
teaches or our camera.
“Ay me”: Constructing Meaning for Shakespeare’s Interjection
HUMN
E-HUMN-1
MEADOW GREEN
“Renaissance grammarians defined interjections not as rational symbols, but as sounds conveying
attitudes and emotions.” This quote, from Elizabethan linguist Jane Donawerth, implies that
interjections were far more important in Shakespeare’s day than modern critics and readers are
inclined to think. This project was devoted to discovering the Elizabethan assumptions about ‘ay
me.’ Primary research and secondary research identified, complied and classified occurrences of the
expression. Once the occurrences were classified, an interesting pattern was emerged: of over thirty
occurrences and speakers, about two-thirds of them were women in some sort of emotional distress,
whereas twenty percent were spoken by amorous men. This observation was crosschecked by finding
places in Shakespeare obliquely comments on the use of ‘ay me’ by having one speaker remark on the
language of another, and then finding a modern critical analysis of that passage. Based on aggregate
research findings, the ‘attitudes and emotions’ associated with ‘ay me’ vary by gender. The male
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‘ay me’ conveys more artificial emotions, often leaving him in a mockable position. In contrast, the
female ‘ay me’ has more depth, and is usually associated with a more pitiable situation. Shakespeare
glosses and performances would do well to acknowledge that even this simple interjection conveys
meaning. “Renaissance grammarians defined interjections not as rational symbols, but as sounds
conveying attitudes and emotions.” This quote, from Elizabethan linguist Jane Donawerth, implies that
interjections were far more important in Shakespeare’s day than modern critics and readers are inclined
to think. This project was devoted to discovering the Elizabethan assumptions about “ay me.” Primary
research and secondary research identified, complied and classified occurrences of the expression.
Once the occurrences were classified, an interesting pattern was emerged: of over thirty occurrences
and speakers, about two-thirds of them were women in some sort of emotional distress, whereas
twenty percent were spoken by amorous men. This observation was crosschecked by finding places in
Shakespeare obliquely comments on the use of “ay me” by having one speaker remark on the language
of another, and then finding a modern critical analysis of that passage. Based on aggregate research
findings, the “attitudes and emotions” associated with “ay me” vary by gender. The male “ay me”
conveys more artificial emotions, often leaving him in a mockable position. In contrast, the female “ay
me” has more depth, and is usually associated with a more pitiable situation. Shakespeare glosses and
performances would do well to acknowledge that even this simple interjection conveys meaning.
Racing Around the World
E-HUMN-2
VERNICE MORRIS
Sport Management
HUMN
A 35-year old retail store manager from Philadelphia, a school teacher from San Antonio, and a waitress
from Walla Walla each participated in the Boston Marathon. They are a few of the thousands of ‘serious
sport tourists,’ ordinary people who travel nationally and internationally to pursue their sport. Several
researchers (McGehee, Yoon &Cardenas, 2003; Gibson, 2005; Green & Jones, 2005) have attempted to
pinpoint the reasons why leisure participants become ‘serious’ but without conclusive findings. Using
‘the serious leisure perspective’ framework inspired by Stebbins (1992) researchers (Jones & Shipway,
2007; Gibson, 1998; Kane & Zink, 2004 ) have been able to identify the nature of the serious sport
tourists’ involvement at sporting events but not why and how they become a ‘serious sport tourist.’
This study delves into the world of running through the eyes of distance runners in the Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, and New Jersey areas to reveal how one becomes a ‘serious sport tourist’ and why. Results
from in-depth interviews conducted with selected members of running clubs will help to understand
what drives the serious sport tourist, the meaning of running in their lives, and the importance of travel
to participate in running.
Emerging Shadows: Growing Up with An Older Autistic Sister
E-HUMN-3
KATHERINE LASHLEY
Emerging Shadows is a memoir about my growing up with my older sister who is autistic. This book
addresses two parts about autism that have not received much attention. I cover the experiences in
this book from my perspective’a sibling’s perspective. Also, this book spans our life with my sister, Vicki,
up to the present where she is twenty-three years old. I also discuss my feelings about having her as a
sister: feelings ranging from love to hate, to not wanting to admit to others that she is my sister. I also
focus on the importance of birth-order: even though I am younger than she, I have always been treated
as the older sibling. I cover when she finally began to talk at five years old. I also cover our experiences
218
in dealing with middle and high school age students as they treated her meanly. Also discussed are the
troubles we have encountered now that she is an adult: further education, a job, sexuality, and where
to live. As with several other autistics, Vicki has experienced a kind of delayed adolescence now at the
age of twenty-three.
New Media Technologies in the Social Activist Setting
E-HUMN-4
JIM MALAZITA
Digital Media
New Media technologies provide opportunities for communities to take part in the production and
distribution of media in ways that until now have been the reserve of major broadcasters. In addition,
new media technologies allow practitioners to reach beyond the boundaries of traditional media and
explore new ways of production and distribution. By the late 20th century, social activist groups, in
their efforts to raise awareness of social and economic issues facing communities began to use forms
of electronic media such as video to expand their audience and increase their impact. During this
time period however, distribution remained a major problem. Denied access to broadcast distribution
channels on a regular basis, small community groups created alternative media networks to distribute
their work. The networks for the most part were social rather than technologically based and consisted
of neighborhood screening venues and a circuit of regional, national and international film/video
festivals. These media activist groups are now looking towards new media technologies as ways of
broadening the shape and scope of their efforts. The theoretical applications of new media as discussed
by scholars reflect the possibilities of new media applications for these types of groups. New media
technologies allow for an alternative, widespread form of content and media distribution available to
anyone with a relative amount of computer savvy and access to the internet. With new media come
possibilities to restructure old established mainstream communication channels. These possibilities
and changes also impact the alternative media networks that were set up to address the old system of
denied access. Many social activist and community empowerment groups are beginning to look at uses
of new media technologies to advance their messages and progressive social change. However, these
groups may find that developing and maintaining new media pieces is an entirely different exercise
than the development of films and videos. Will social activists need to change their production model
to fit new media technologies, and if so, how will this shift affect the activist groups themselves? By
using a participant researcher model, this thesis will work with a community group to define their goals
and needs, and will evaluate the efficacy and relevance of theoretical new media paradigm models as
applies to real world applications.
HUMN
Media/Publications as Pedagogical Tools within
Higher Education Institutions
T-HUMN-1
JORDAN SCHILLING
Pedagogical publications have proven to be very useful in motivating college students to participate
in professional forums and providing a medium for student writing to be placed in front of peers.
In 1950, Edith Wells published ‘Publications of Freshman Writing’; Wells surveyed a random list of
American universities on how they used publications as a tool for teaching editing and writing skills.
She found two common forms of publications being used: student run literary magazines and student
writing anthologies. Over the past 58 years academia has boomed; this study represents a survey of new
trends in the employment of pedagogical student publishing since the early half of the 20th century.
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HUMN
It followed up on a survey of a list of randomly selected universities that Wells provided in her article.
Surveys were sent to current English department chairs and tenured faulty. There were variations in the
trends that Wells found. The innovation of housing national literary magazines and academic journals
has become a modern tool for training undergraduates to participate in professional forums. The
pedagogy and business model represented by these publications is discussed with respect to the results
of the survey.
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HUMN
INNOVATION IN EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
A Nursing Intervention Database: An Innovative approach
to eICU Outcomes
P-EDU-1
JOSEPH DIMARTINO
Nursing
Penn e-lert eICU, the critical care telemedicine program for the University of Pennsylvania Health
System was charged with demonstrating how program interventions affected patient outcomes. A
review of the program intervention database revealed that most interventions were documented
by eICU physicians. An analysis exposed that the documentation was based on a model of medical
diagnoses. This presentation will discuss the development of a nursing intervention data base that
provides the quantity and perhaps more importantly the quality of interventions being done via
telemedicine. The eICU nurse plays a significant role in evaluating and assessing patients and affecting
the patient’s outcome. Through the development of an intervention database, the eICU nurse can
breakdown each intervention with what was the clinical trigger for involvement and an assessment
of the issue. The intervention is then broken-down further to clinical changes and patient safety
concerns. A strategy for documenting the interventions to finer details makes querying the information
easier, therefore providing the department with the ability to better track certain interventions and
outcomes. The eICU nurse then identifies which action needs further follow up, either by the eICU
nurse or if the eICU physician should become involved. The nurse then documents what the patient’s
outcome was and whether or not further follow is needed. Prior to the development of this database
the eICU nursing staff did not have the proper resources to document their interventions adequately
and efficiently without taking them away from monitoring the patients for an extended period of time.
Since the inception of the access intervention database, there has been a large increase in documented
interventions allowing for the nurse and the hospital to keep track of the important role the eICU nurse
plays in successful patient outcomes.
Fresh Paint Skate Shop and Park
P-EDU-2
AMANDA MCPARTLAND
Fresh Paint is a company based out of a southern New jersey suburb providing skateboard equipment
and lessons to children of ages 6 through 12 in the southern New Jersey area. The goal of Fresh Paint
is to offer children a safe, fulfilling, and unintimidating opportunity to learn how to skateboard. We
achieve this by working out our own minature outdoor skate park where we can ensure that the
children can learn in an environment catered to their age-specific needs. Our retail store located next to
the park similarly guarantees that they can support this hobby with quality equipment made for their
age group. We aim to fulfill a child’s interest in skateboarding that might otherwise be discouraged or
eclipsed by the overwhelming amount of services to adults in the industry, while satisfying a parent’s
expectation for a safe, fun, and educational after-school activity for their child. We intend to form a
bond with these students and parents that will encourage them to return for further fun and learning.
Over time, we strive to become the premier skate shop and skate instructional company in the New
Jersey area.
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EDU
Julia Friedland, Arianna Ricciani, Lesli Fante, Dana Dougherty
Design & Merch
Educating Ureca’s Younger Generation in Sea Turtle Biology and
Conservation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, Africa
P-EDU-3
SUNSHINE FALCK
Katie Kranich, Daniel Fitzgerald, Shaya Honarvar, Gail W. Hearn
Biology
Ureca is a remote fishing village of approximately 200 inhabitants near turtle nesting beaches of
Bioko Island. Four different species of endangered sea turtles nest on these beaches; leatherback
(Dermochelys coriacea), olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), green (Chelonia mydas), and hawksbill
(Eretmochelys imbricate) turtles. Since 2000, Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program (BBPP) has been
working with the local community of Ureca to collect sea turtle nesting ecology data. In order to
educate the local community and the younger generation and to raise interest in sea turtle biology
and conservation, we held a two hour information session on the nesting beach near the village. We
supplemented the lecture with illustrations of various nesting activities and equipment necessary
for data collection from our own studies on the local nesting beaches. At the end of the lecture the
children were encouraged to ask questions related to sea turtle biology and conservation. In responding
we emphasized the importance of their nesting beaches and their conservation efforts for the long
term survival of these four turtle species.
Visual Impairment in a Visual Medium
P-EDU-4
JACQUELINE CANDIDO
EDU
School of Education
School of Education
Visual Impairment in a Visual Medium: There is a lack of understanding about the experiences and
perceptions of adults with visual impairments as they experience the visual medium of online learning.
People with visual impairments experience the Internet differently from those with normal sight. As the
Internet continues to grow as an educational approach, it is important to understand how this hidden
population might use online learning to reach their educational goals. This phenomenological study
explored the events and experiences that shaped the lives of three people with visual impairments
in order to describe their perspectives of online learning. Phenomenological methodology was
selected as the most effective way to illuminate the individual experiences of the participants. The
research methods included in-depth interviews, observation over time, internet communication, and a
reflection journal. The study was conducted over many months in order to follow the steps and voices
of the participants. Their experiences, challenges and achievements have been portrayed from the
perspective of the participants. The findings are reported using verbatim quotes from the participants,
textural descriptions and a matrix depicting themes that emerged from the study. The implications
from this study revealed that online learning is a viable option for people with visual impairments,
but it can be constraining as well. Although the online strategy offers benefits such as convenience,
flexibility and avoidance of transportation hassles, there can be obstacles such as compatibility with
assistive technology. Recommendations for improvements are offered for online learners with visual
impairments as well as for institutions and professors. Postsecondary schools and faculty offering online
programs must be committed to serving the online learner and the new responsibilities this entails,
such as increased use of email, phone and off-peak hours. Use of new technologies for enhanced
communication and interaction could enable more students to succeed in online classes. Institutions
must make it a priority to ensure that their online classes are accessible. Proposals are made for
partnerships that could foster additional success for students with visual impairment in online courses.
Ideas for future research as well as a personal closing from the researcher with insider knowledge
conclude the study.
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Optimizing Intellectual Workflow: Which Collaborative Platform
Works for You?
P-EDU-5
PEGGY DOMINY
Jay Bhatt, Tim Siftar, Dana Denick
University Libraries
Several new platforms designed to support collaboration between researchers have launched in
the past year, giving rise to a need for evaluative criteria and a basis for recommendation by Drexel
Librarians. The authors reviewed several collaborative platforms to compare the features offered by
each. Among the platforms reviewed were: ResearcherID, 2collab, Academia.edu, and MyNetResearch.
Faculty and PhD researchers in the Drexel University community were surveyed for their intellectual
workflow habits and collaborative platform preferences. The data collected from the survey was then
mapped to the features of various platforms to determine the best “fit” to our researcher’s needs and
habits.
Enhancement of Online Robotics Learning Using 3-D
Visualization Technology
P-EDU-6
ROBIN KIZIRIAN
Yueh-Ting Yang
EDU
With the emergence and development of the internet field, online learning is proving to have a
significant role in the upcoming era. In an effort to enhance internet learning of Robotics and keep up
with the rapid progression of technology, a new 3-Dimensional scheme of viewing the robotic lab has
been introduced in addition to the remote controlling of the robots. The 3-Dimensional project consists
of two types of technologies: (1) A cheaper but yet less reliable Anaglyph technology that can provide
3-Dimensional effects on a personal computer basis, (2) A more expensive but more reliable Polarized
technology that can be used in a remote classroom. This new 3-D system approach will provide the
students with a more realistic feel of the lab even though they are working remotely. An evaluation of
the Anaglyph and the Polarized technologies has been performed which has portrayed the students’
preference of the Polarized technology. As a result, the Polarized 3-D technology has been tested as
part of a lab in the MET 205 Robotics and Mechatronics class and has received positive feedback by most
of the students. This type of research has introduced a new level of realism and visual communications
to online robotic learning in the Applied Engineering Technology program.
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CCLI Phase II: E-Quality for Manufacturing (EQM) Integrated with Webenabled Production Systems for Engineering Technology Education
P-EDU-7
YUEH-TING YANG
Robin Kizirian
Recent results of laboratory and course development under an NSF, CCLI sponsored project, ‘CCLI Phase
II: E-Quality for Manufacturing (EQM) Integrated with Web-enabled Production Systems for Engineering
Technology Education’ (NSF Award # 0618665) are presented. A multi-disciplinary team of faculty
developed lectures and laboratory modules for use in Engineering Quality courses. The use of modern
sensors, data acquisition instrumentation for monitoring and control manufacturing processes is
implemented into laboratory practices in undergraduate classes on Web-based gauging, measurement,
inspection, diagnostic system, and quality control. The network hardware and software components
are integrated with quality methodologies to achieve maximum effectiveness in teaching E-quality
concepts in various courses, including MET 204 Applied Quality Control, MET 310 Advanced Robotics
and Mechatronics, MET 407 Manufacturing information management, and INDE 470 Engineering
Quality Methods. In INDE 470, the students performed laser machining of plastics (acrylics). The quality
of the laser machining, particularly with regard to reproducibility, can be investigated as a function of
laser power and speed, and also as the optical properties of various grades of acrylic stock. Students
made various measurements of laser-machined parts using a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM)
and Internet-based machine vision (i.e., a CCD camera with image processing software). Students then
analyzed measurement data to compare measurement techniques (Gage R&R), establish part variations,
correlate quality metrics with laser processing parameters, and optimize the laser machining process
using Design of Experiments.
Q&A Service Overload: How Many Does the Web Really Need?
P-EDU-8
LILY ROZAKLIS
EDU
Craig MacDonald
Information Studies
Question asking is an ordinary and everyday activity that people spend a considerable amount of time
engaged in. A familiar approach for locating answers to questions is by typing keywords into search
engines, but an alternative route is soliciting help from others. Historically, librarians have played a
major role in assisting people in finding answers to their questions, and have extended their reach into
the online environment (e.g., Ask Here PA). Similarly, educational institutions, including museums and
universities, have provided services which connect experts with users around domain-specific problems
(e.g., Smithsonian American Art Museum’s Ask Joan of Art). But, in recent years, there has been a
proliferation of online question answering services spearheaded by commercial entities (e.g., Yahoo!
Answers), with users themselves answering others’ questions. The New York Times’ observation that
‘everybody’s an expert’ is even truer today than when it was first made in 2000. The purpose of this
research is to create a typology of online question answering services from a sample of commercial and
noncommercial sites. On a small scale, this examination will yield observations about the dimensions
which distinguish one service from the others, and may provide users with guidance when selecting
which service to consult with their question. On a larger scale, this typology presents a broad overview
of the types of services available to global information users, allows for speculation about what may be
lacking or necessary for future development, and offers information professionals the opportunity to
explore what role they can play in this increasingly crowded online information space.
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Greening of Drexel Libraries: Supporting Drexel Green Initiative
P-EDU-9
JAY BHATT
Katherine Lynch
Drexel Libraries has begun efforts to make our libraries more environmentally-friendly. In addition to
improving workflow based on greening techniques such as energy conservation and paperless offices,
we are starting a physical archive of vegetable and flower seeds, auditing all departments within the
libraries for ways to go green, and following waste disposal and recycling efforts. In addition to the
physical efforts taking place in the libraries, the Libraries Greening committee is also spreading the
word about our efforts and the efforts of Drexel Green, both to the campus and the world at large
through the use of a “Greening” blog to track our progress, broadcast local environmental news and
events, and provide regular tips for greener living. As a result, our patrons and staff are becoming
more environmentally-conscious. At Drexel, students are encouraged to work on projects related
to Drexel Green Initiative through Freshman Design, Senior Design or assignments through various
courses. Through library instruction, virtual consultations from the Library’s web site, and by developing
collections in related areas, Drexel libraries aim to impart crucial information skills that students need
to successfully complete these projects and assignments. This poster highlights some of these initiatives
and in the process help support University’s overall mission of ‘Drexel Green’.
Promoting Engagement In Online Learning
P-EDU-10
JIM WATERS
Information Studies
Promoting active engagement in learning is difficult at the best of times. When social and cognitive
distance is factored in the task becomes far more daunting. This study examines engagement at
interactional and cognitive outcomes (understanding, analysis and knowledge creation) levels in online
learning courses and demonstrates the value of different moderation, interaction mode and scaffolding
strategies.
The Ultimate in Flexibility: Student-Athletes as Online Learners
P-EDU-11
AMY GIDDINGS
Online learning is growing at a rapid pace in this country and internationally. Students and employers
are demanding increased online learning environments to allow greater participation in education.
Many people have reaped the benefits of the flexibility online learning can offer students and
employees. While the focus has traditionally been on those working full-time as the recipients of
this flexibility in learning, online learning can benefit collegiate athletes with scheduling difficulties.
Practice schedules and competition schedules, in addition to travel time, can be daunting for the
student-athlete. Online courses provide the opportunity for student-athletes to reduce missed class time
‘ a common concern for athletes. Crucial to success in online learning is a plan for completion. Many
students lack the necessary skills to succeed in the virtual environment. A lack of social connection,
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EDU
Jennifer Pontano
Sport Management
dedicated meeting times, and accountability are often concerns athletes have with enrolling in and
completing online courses. Additionally, academic advisors within athletic departments and/or resource
center staff may not be fully trained in methods to support online students. Online student-athletes
may require additional support when initially pursuing online courses. They may not be familiar with
the policies or expectations in the online environment, which are often drastically different than those
in a traditional face-to-face course. This poster will present strategies for those working with studentathletes in online courses to improve success and retention rates. Improving student-athlete access to
online courses, ability to understand expectations in online courses, communication between instructors
of online courses and student-athletes, and designing a plan for success in these courses are among the
topics to be presented.
Development of Internet-Based Remote Ultrasound Nondestructive
Testing Procedures
T-EDU-1
SIDDHARTH VYAS
The Ultrasound Nondestructive Testing (NDT) laboratory was developed for Applied Engineering
Technology (AET) students at Drexel University’s Goodwin College with support from National Science
Foundation (NSF). One of the main goals of the project was to develop a real-time remote NDT facility,
which will allow all AET students at Drexel, as well as students at other universities and community
colleges to be involved in the same educational and training processes in NDT and participate in
laboratory activities remotely. Utilizing software control functions and commands, one can remotely
control and change any setting of NDT equipment, including calibration of flaw detectors and
evaluation of the test objects. Results of the calibration and testing can be saved from both local and
remote computers. Remote control of USN 58L using the LabVIEW controller for NDT procedures has
already been developed. A technician’s or teaching assistant’s presence at the local site is required
for initial set-up of the videoconferencing and NDE equipment and handling of the transducers. The
possibility of using a pick and place robotic system for handling and manipulating transducers is also
being evaluated.
Music Games Beyond Fun and Gaming
E-EDU-1
PATRICK RICHARDSON
EDU
Among the most popular recent video games are ‘music simulation’ games, where players sing or play
instrument-like controllers along with popular songs. Their popularity suggests an emerging demand
for new means of musical expression and experience. At the same time, funding for music and fine
arts is disappearing from public education, particularly in at-risk communities. For students in such
schools, music video games may represent the foremost form of musical interaction to which these
students are exposed. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the impact and the potential for these
music games to serve as a tool for learning musical skills and stimulating music appreciation. While
mastering these games must require some learning and musicality, these games and the skills required
have not yet been evaluated using conventional music education methods or music psychology tests.
Our project studies a group of Philadelphia high school students through three months of supervised
gaming with pre-/post-study musical skills tests. We investigate how game proficiency relates to: musical
skill development, the pursuit of other music making outlets, and interest in (additional) formal music
education. Musical skill is examined in multiple dimensions, including aural skills, hearing tests, and
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EDU
musical memory Musical memory exercises include repetition of played phrases, comparison of heard
examples, and analysis for common rhythmic themes. Skill development is measured quantitatively
through the comparison of pre-/post-study scores, as well as through qualitative participant self-reports.
Gaming sessions and post-study assessment will conclude in June, 2009.
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RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Nanomanufacturing In A Volume Of Material
P-PHYS-1
MICHAEL BIRNKRANT
We combine holographic polymerization (H-P, top-down technique) and BCP self-assembly (bottomup approach) to create active, tunable hierarchical nanostructures in a volume reflection grating.
During the H-P process, a photopolymerizable syrup is exposed to two or more coherent laser beams,
interference of which creates a standing wave pattern. Higher intensity regions within the standing
wave result in an anisotropic reaction rate and locally faster polymerization process, which in turn leads
to a spatial distribution of high-molecular-weight (Mw) polymers. Pure polymer films with a periodic
refractive index modulation normal to the film surface (reflection geometry) leads to a characteristic
wavelength of light being reflected. This unique technique was used to fabricate dynamic holographic
elements by inclusion of low-molar-mass, anisotropic liquid crystals (LC) in the monomer syrup.
Nonreactive LC, normally 20-30 (w/w)% of the syrup are mixed with photopolymerizable monomers,
initiators, and surfactants. HP of this mixture leads to periodically patterned, nanoscale LC droplets,
a structure known as holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLC). The fabricated structure
can be electrically, optically, mechanically, chemically and thermally tuned. In addition to patterning
LC, Vaia et al. recently applied this technique to pattern a variety of nanosized objects including gold
nanoparticles (5 nm in diameter), polystyrene, latex spheres (260 nm diameter), and silicate nanoplates.
We recently demonstrated that the H-P technique can be used to pattern a crystalline diblock
copolymer [poly(ethylene oxide)-b-Polycaprolactone. One-dimensional Bragg reflectors were obtained.
Optimization of a Modified Aerospray Deposition Device for the
Preparation of Samples for Quantitative Analysis by MALDI TOFMS
P-PHYS-2
APRIL HOLCOMB
Chemistry
PHYS
Sample preparation in the MALDI technique is extremely important, particularly in quantitative work.
In order to obtain reliable quantitative data, the analyte must be homogenously incorporated into
uniform matrix crystals. The modified aerospray apparatus consists of a set of coaxial tubing; the
liquid sample is pumped with a syringe pump through the inner capillary and it is nebulized by a
flow of gas through the outer capillary. The small droplets of sample exiting the device are deposited
onto a rotating plate, which serves as the sample plate for a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Initial
experiments with the device resulted in poor reproducibility of analyte signal therefore an optimization
was performed. A two-level plus center point factorial experiment was performed for several factors,
such as the inner capillary internal diameter, gas pressure, liquid flow, spray distance, and time. After
optimization the within sample reproducibility of the analyte signal improved three-fold, while the
sample-to-sample reproducibility improved four-and-a-half-fold.
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Enhanced Methane Storage of Chemically and Physically Activated
Carbide-Derived Carbon
P-PHYS-3
SUN-HWA YEON
Methane has received sustained attention as a future clean energy source due to its natural abundance,
relative safety with respect to most other fuels, low cost and low carbon emission. Porous materials
provide an alternative to satisfying storage demands such as high storage capacity, rapid kinetics of
storage and release, and efficient cyclability for on-board storage applications in future transportation
technologies. Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) produced by chlorination of carbides offer great potential
for precise pore size control at the atomic level and narrow pore size distributions, making them
attractive candidates for energy storage media. The porous characteristics of CDCs can be enhanced
by physical or chemical activation, with concomitant improvements in storage performance. CDCs
activated with CO2 or KOH possess distinct improvements in porosity, displaying specific surface areas
up to ~ 3000 m2g-1 and pore volumes up to ~ 1.0 cm3g-1. The best excess gravimetric methane uptake
is obtained with a TiC-derived CDC activated with CO2 at 975 oC for 2 hrs, namely a very large SSA of
3360 m2g-1 resulting in 18.5 wt% at 25 oC and 60 bar. To obtain realistic volumetric methane capacity,
the packing density of completely dried CDC was measured, from which we obtain interesting excess
capacity 145 v(STP)v-1 from CDC activated with CO2 at 875 oC for 8 hrs, 81 % of the DOE target (180
v(STP)v-1) at 35 bar and 25 oC. From small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, pore radii of
gyration (Rg) between 0.5 nm and 1 nm are determined. Discrepancies between radius of gyration
(Rg) and mean pore size (from NLDFT) in activated CDCs were observed, and explained by deviation
of CDC pore shape from slit pores. Temperature-dependent methane isotherms show that the isosteric
heat of adsorption reaches 24 kJmol-1 at the initial stage of low loading. The activation of CDCs allows
additional control of pore size, shape, and SSA for developing storage materials for various gases.
Quantitation of PEG Contaminants in Ethoxylated Surfactant Samples by
MALDI TOFMS using Standard Additions and Internal Standards Methods.
P-PHYS-4
RENATA SZYSZKA
Chemistry
PHYS
Introduction: Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI
TOFMS) is widely used as a tool for the qualitative analysis of peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides
and synthetic polymers. This work focuses on improving the quantitative capability of the technique.
In traditional analytical practice, the method of standard additions is used to minimize the effect of
changes in the analyte response that occur under the influence of the complex sample environment.
In this work the standard additions method is combined with the use of an internal standard for the
quantitation of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) contaminants in several ethoxylated sufactant samples with
the general formula X1-[- CH2-CH2-O-]n-X2, where X1, X2 are various end groups.
Methods: A series of relatively low molecular weight commercial ethoxylated polymers with different
end groups and different amounts of residual PEG homopolymer were analyzed. Standards of PEG with
average molecular weights of 1500, 2000, and 3500 were purchased from Aldrich Chemical (Milwaukee,
WI). MALDI matrices studied included DHB and CHCA (Aldrich); sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA)
(Aldrich) was used for cationization. All polymers, matrix, and salt were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran
(Aldrich) and prepared in class A borosilicate vials (Fisherbrand) with PTFE caps. Samples were prepared
via the dry-drop technique. Measurements were performed using a Bruker Daltonics Reflex III MALDI
TOFMS in reflectron mode. Data processing was performed with Sierra Analytics, LLC (Modesto, CA)
Polymerix version 2.0 software.
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Preliminary results: Samples for analysis were prepared by adding increasing amounts of a PEG standard
to equal quantities of the ethoxylated surfactant under study dissolved in THF solvent. Aliquots of
these samples were then mixed with the chosen MALDI matrix and NaTFA cationization reagent (also
in THF) at a selected matrix-to-analyte and cationization reagent-to-analyte ratio. Peak areas for
the ethoxylated surfactant and PEG contaminant were determined from the mass spectra using the
Polymerix software; the ratio of total peak area of added PEG to total peak area of the surfactant was
plotted against the weight percent of PEG in the sample. Linear calibration curves with correlation
coefficients of r2= 0.91 to 0.99 were obtained for the polymers under investigation.
The absolute ion intensities were dependent on both the choice of matrix and laser fluence, with higher
intensity of peaks run with CHCA comparing to DHB. However, the choice of matrix on the determined
quantity of contaminant was negligible at low concentration levels. It was found that the molecular
weight of the PEG standard added to the unknowns did contribute to the quantitative outcome of the
standard additions analysis. It is well known that an internal standard should be similar in structure
and behavior to the analyzed one. The quantitative results were closest to the expected values when
PEG of the same molecular weight as that of the PEG contaminant was used for the standard additions.
Standards of higher molecular weights introduced larger negative (in all cases) relative errors.
The results of the MALDI analysis were validated using surfactant samples with purposely added,
known amounts of PEG. The results were generally within 10 % relative error at low concentrations
of contaminant(<10%). Selected MALDI results were also compared to data obtained using a standard
reversed-phase HPLC determination using evaporative light scattering
Water Quality Analysis On An Urban Rainwater Harvesting System
P-PHYS-5
KIM DIGIOVANNI
Current efforts to reduce the demands and detrimental impacts on the world’s water resources have led
to the reevaluation of the practice of rainwater harvesting. A number of researchers have attempted
to characterize the quality of harvested rainwater (Frasier 1983, Thomas and Green 1993, Center for
Watershed Protection 2000, Li et al 2004, Zhu et al 2004, Handia 2005, Kim et al 2005, Evans et al 2006),
another constraint, specifically in identifying suitable uses for harvested water. These studies indicate
that rainwater harvested from urban surfaces carries with it a wide range of potentially undesirable
substances, including heavy metals, bacteria, suspected endocrine disruptors, nutrients, turbidity, and
dissolved and suspended solids. These originate in roofing materials, bird and other animal droppings,
the decay of accumulated organic debris, as well as from atmospheric deposition. Contributing
factors include the catchment surface material, surrounding land use, and a suite of meteorological
factors including wind velocities and direction, and rainfall amount and intensity. These findings have
prompted some researchers to recommend caution in the (re)use of harvested rainwater (Schafer and
Beder 2006), to warn specifically against the consumption of untreated rainwater (Lye 2002), and
to conduct additional research on potential risks (Toze 2006). The results of water quality analysis
performed on harvested rainwater samples collected at three points (first flush, roof washer, storage
tank) within a rainwater harvesting system installed at Hollenback Community Garden (Brooklyn, NY)
are presented here within. Comparisons to drinking water, nonpotable and irrigation water quality
standards were performed and are presented as well as the results of metal speciation analyses
performed with MINEQL+. For comparative purposes, water quality analysis was also performed
on wastewater samples collected from a combined sewer manhole in the HP-009 CSO-shed (Bronx,
NY). It was concluded that the rainwater harvested at Hollenback Community Garden, which can be
considered generally representative for the NYC area, is not a suitable source of water for any of the
aforementioned uses without some type of treatment, though very simple in some cases. Additionally,
it was noted that harvested rainwater represents a much more suitable water source than reused
wastewater. Though disinfection is the only necessary treatment required to meet human health based
guidelines for harvested rainwater to be utilized for nonpotable or irrigation uses, several constituents
where present at values beyond guideline values established to maintain proper conditions for crop
growth and the prevention of plant toxicity. These included turbidity, TSS, pH and BOD5. Another 233
PHYS
important observation is that several other constituents, TDS, Al, Mn and V, where in excess of guideline
values only in the first flush/roof washer apparatus, demonstrating the importance of properly sizing
and maintaining a first flush component in any rainwater harvesting system. Without the removal
of first flush water, levels of constituents found in the storage tank would, consequently, be higher
and possibly in excess of established standards. Additionally, due to the relatively low pH values
encountered in the harvested rainwater samples, MINEQL+ analysis revealed that the metals of concern
(Al, Mn and V) would be present at higher proportions in mobile and bio-available dissolved forms than
would be encountered under conditions with higher pH. This presents concerns for plant vitality and
potentially human health as metals can more readily accumulate in plant tissue. The associated risks of
consumption have not been well characterized (Sayyad, Afyuni et al. 2009).
Test and Analysis of Adhesive Bonded Repairs to Fuselage Structure
P-PHYS-6
REEWANSHU CHADHA
PHYS
Adhesive bonding technology using composite and metallic patches offers an efficient and costeffective approach to airplane structural repairs. Compared to conventional mechanically fastened
metallic repairs, bonded repairs have no stress concentrations due to holes, are less damaging to
the parent material since no drilling or machining are required, and are more aerodynamically and
structurally efficient. The application of bonded repairs has been extensively studied primarily in the
military sector where the durability and damage tolerance aspects have been demonstrated. However,
several technical challenges need to be addressed before bonded repair technology will be generally
accepted and implemented in both military and commercial primary structural applications. Currently,
credit is typically not provided in certification programs of bonded repairs for slowing crack growth
or restoring residual strength. Of primary concern is the ability to predict the fatigue behavior and
ensuring the durability of bonded patches. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the durability
and damage tolerance aspects of bonded repair technology, the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) and the Boeing Company have partnered in a 3-year Cooperative Research and Development
Agreement. A phased approach is being undertaken where the initial study will focus on the test
and analysis of bonded repairs on a B727 fuselage structure using the Full-Scale Aircraft Structural
Test Evaluation and Research facility, located at the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic
City International Airport, NJ. The program objectives are to characterize the long-term durability of
bonded repairs under simulated flight load conditions up to one typical design service goal and then
determine if the repair patches meet damage tolerance requirements in residual strength tests. In this
program, bonded repairs to two damage scenarios are being considered, namely, a midbay throughthe-thickness crack (fatigue presharpened) and a lap joint scribe. Both boron-epoxy and aluminum
patches were used to repair this damage. A photogrammetry method is being used to obtain full-field
displacement and strain measurements at the patch regions. The acoustic emission method is used to
monitor for damage growth in real time and serve as an early warning for imminent failure. Several
nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods are being used, including flash thermography and computeraided tap techniques to scan for patch disbonds and eddy current to monitor crack growth. This study
will provide test data to validate analytical predictions of bonded repair patch durability and residual
strength, will determine the effectiveness of several NDI in detecting disbonds and fatigue cracking,
and will help identify safety and structural integrity issues of bonded repairs.
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Aniketos: An Autonomic Framework for Software Fault Detection
and Mitigation
P-PHYS-7
EDWARD STEHLE
Computer Science
Aniketos proposes to investigate the creation of new techniques and tools that will enable applications
to (a) self-diagnose potential failures due to faults or security attacks; and to (b) self-mitigate the
effects of these potential failures at run time. The technical approach is based on a set of metrics that
are computed using data obtained by software sensors that monitor the status of each service at run
time. These metrics are used to determine whether a service is operating as expected or is deviating
from its expected operation. Services whose metric values deviate signi?cantly from their expected
values are diagnosed as potentially failing. These services may then be subjected to mitigation actions
that can either attempt to avoid a failure or collect data to facilitate a postmortem forensic analysis.
Characterization of Polysaccharides
P-PHYS-8
EBONY THOMPSON
Electrospinning is a method whereby polymer solutions are discharged from an electrospinner to
produce micro-porous, fibrous mats. These mats are used in various biomedical and health applications.
The mats should be uniform in appearance, without masses of polymer gathered in the pores, which
are detrimental to the mats performance. The effectuality of the mats is confined by seven major
parameters: conductivity, distance from nozzle to collector, viscosity of tested solution, initial polymer
concentration, initial jet/orifice diameter, perturbation frequency, and solvent vapor pressure. These
parameters affect the electrospinnability of the solution (how well the solution electrospins), as well as
the fiber morphology of the mats (structure of the fiber; whether smooth or rough). The purpose of this
project is to characterize various polymeric solutions and correlate polymer concentration in solution
to conductivity. Several solutions containing different concentrations of cationic, anionic and neutral
polysaccharides were made in variable solvents and their conductivity were tested with an Oakton’
conductivity meter. Results primarily demonstrated that the solutions with higher concentrations
of ionic polymer were more conductive. This information will next be correlated to the solutions
electrospinnability to elucidate the significant role conductivity plays in electrospinning ionic polymer
solutions.
Electronically Movable Shower Head
P-PHYS-9
DOUGLAS DIEMEL
The overall goal of our design, as originally proposed, is to design a new showerhead for the Kohler
Corporation. This new concept will be an adaptation of the existing WaterTile product. The difference
between the original WaterTile and our new concept WaterTile would consist into the capability of
the new system to electronically control the rotational position of the showerhead. From our original
proposal, we proposed and analyzed four possible design solutions for this product. Taking an in235
PHYS
depth look at the benefits and shortcomings of each design, we decided on our final design concept
for this product. The short-term goal for the first phase of our design is to come up with a functional
prototype of our final design. We have designed this new concept using solid modeling and determined
the components required to meet the original goal. To achieve this we are using a stepper motor that
is driving a custom cylindrical rack through the required gear ratio. This motor and rack combination
allows for the full movement of the showerhead in both planes with a 3 times safety factor.
Quantum Optics Study of E.I.T. Phenomena
P-PHYS-10
SETH MEISELMAN
Physics
Experimentation has shown light propagation at group velocities, v’g, in the two extremes, “Fast” and
“Slow” light. These phenomena are purely quantum mechanical effects of carefully prepared atomic
systems that exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We solve computationally to second
order in time step the propagation of a light pulse through a collection of four-level atomic systems
interacting with two other lasers that exhibits this effect. We construct with the help of Maple symbolic
software, a method in which we derive descretized equations of the atomic density matrix elements
and fields amplitudes. The algorithm we have created can be applied to any four or three-level atomic
system with the correct atomic equations of rate used. The uniqueness of our model is that it can study
both slow and fast light as there are no regime assumptions. As a consequence of this previous unique
characteristic, this study leads to the investigation of a critical laser field value that separates between
two positive (slow and superluminal) and negative (a new laser pulse emerges from the medium before
the entrance of the original pulse) group velocity regimes.
Finite Element Modelling of Realistic Porous Structures from X-ray
Micro-Tomography
P-PHYS-11
MICHAEL SEXTON
PHYS
Modeling the mechanical behavior of realistic porous structures with finite element models generated
from x-ray tomography scan data has been a recent interest for various fields including metallic foams
[Kadar 2004], bone and biomedical scaffolds [Sun 2005], and even bread [Babin 2005]. This work studies
the feasibility of using x-ray micro-computed tomography and finite element analysis to model the
deformation of complex porous polymer networks under compression. Comparisons of voxel to cube
element and surface triangle to tetrahedral element methods are presented. Tomography scans of insitu compression tests are used to validate numerical simulations and obtain mechanical properties for
finite element models.
236
Low Solar Gain Coatings Incorporating Glass Hollow Microspheres
P-PHYS-12
ERIC EISELE
Daniel Pugh, Courtney Reid, Sarah Byrnes, Charlie Woods
Solar Gain is in part responsible for up to 56% of energy consumed by cooling systems in residential
buildings. Additionally, high building density in the urban environment contributes to the urban heat
island effect. By applying cool roof coatings to a building’s exterior, cooling loads can be reduced
and urban heat islands can in part be mitigated. Many commercially available cool roof coatings are
white paint formulations based on titanium dioxide. Although titanium dioxide and other pigments
are effective at scattering visible wavelengths, they exhibit strong absorption in the infrared region.
By incorporating controlled voids in a coating as the scattering medium, the void size distribution can
be optimized for broadband radiation scattering. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the use
of glass hollow microspheres as a means of controlling void diameter in a polymeric coating. Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Malvern Laser Scattering particle size analysis were used to
determine optimal reflectance parameters of the spheres. Polystyrene acrylate water based coatings
were formulated using commercially available raw materials and selected microspheres. Heat gain of
the applied coatings was measured using a variety of infrared sources and substrates. Results have been
compared to theoretical scattering models, and ongoing work includes additional formulation, heat
gain testing, and field testing. This work is funded by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Finding Catalysts to Hydrolyze Phosphotriesters: Breaking Down Pesticides
and Chemical Warfare Agents
P-PHYS-13
JESSICA BONGIOVANNI
Chemistry
Pesticides and chemical warfare agents are in the form of phosphotriesters. These compounds are toxic
to our environment and sometimes dangerous to humans. Our goal is to find a catalyst to start the
reaction that will break down these toxic compounds and make them safer for the environment and
people. Three new complexes, Ttztbu,me ZnBr, Ttztbu,me CuCl and Ttztbu,me NiCl were synthesized
and characterized in an attempt to make the Ttz tBu,Me M-OH complex, a proposed catalyst for the
phosphotriester hydrolysis reaction. The Ttztbu,me ZnBr failed to produce anything tangible, while the
Ttztbu,me CuCl and Ttztbu,me NiCl when reacted with NaOH produced Ttztbu,me Na. Other ideas to
approach the obstacle of obtaining the Ttztbu,me M-OH from these complexes is discussed and issues
are addressed.
Modeling of Notch Tip Damage in Honeycomb Sandwich Composite
Fuselage Curved Panels Subjected to Combined Quasi-Static Loading
P-PHYS-14
FRANK A. LEONE, JR.
This study investigates the damage tolerance and failure process of honeycomb sandwich composite
fuselage curved panels when subjected to quasi-static internal pressurization combined with hoop and
237
PHYS
axial loading. The experimental results and the corresponding analytical study are used to develop a
material failure model for composite fuselage under in-flight loading conditions. In the experimental
phase of the program, six curved panels were tested at the Full-Scale Aircraft Structural Test Evaluation
and Research (FASTER) facility located at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ. The panels have an internal radius of 74”
and are 125” long by 73 wide. The sandwich test articles were fabricated using a Toray Composites
T700SC-12K-50C/#2510 plain weave carbon fabric prepreg of 0.0085”-thickness in the facesheets and
a Plascore PN2-3/16-3.0 Nomex honeycomb of 0.75” thickness core. The lay-up for the test section
is [45/0/45/Core/45/0/45]. The first panel was undamaged and provided baseline data for inspection
methods and model calibrations. The artificial damage configurations evaluated include 10” throughthickness notches, oriented in the longitudinal, circumferential, and 45? inclined directions, and a
10” diameter hole through the exterior (convex) facesheet. The panels were instrumented with strain
gages near the notch tips and in the far-field regions, on both the inner and outer facesheets. A 3-D
digital photogrammetry system was used to obtain local and full-field strain measurements at equal
load intervals and whenever visible damage growth was observed. The far-field strain data, recorded
by the strain gages and photogrammetry, provided a means for full-field model validation. Acoustic
emission was used to monitor damage initiation and growth in real time and served as an early warning
for notch tip damage initiation and imminent fracture. A finite element model is being developed
to enable a quantitative evaluation of the effects of different damage scenarios and severities and
different combinations of loading on the damage tolerance of composite sandwich panels. Farfield loads, introduced to the panel by the FASTER test fixture, are validated by the strain gages and
photogrammetry data recorded in the experiment. The near-tip, localized strain fields were computed
and the results compared favorably with the experimental data. Using basic failure criteria, the model
will analyze the conditions for damage initiation and growth and final fracture.
Formation and [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of O-Allyl Nitronic Esters:
a New Route to y,o-Unsaturated Nitro Compounds
P-PHYS-15
ALMA PIPIC
Chemistry
O-allyl nitronic esters, readily obtained from tin(IV)-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction, undergo thermal
(20-90’C) rearrangement to ?,d-unsaturated nitro compounds. The O-allyl nitronic esterrearrangement
provides stereocontrolled access to diastereomeric 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-5-nitronaphthalene
derivatives. Thermal isomerization of one cis isomer to a trans-2-nitro-3-phenyl products was observed
at higher temperatures (150’C). Nitro isomers are also obtained through a direct Diels-Alder reaction.
Investigation of Lasing in Superconducting Phase Qubits
P-PHYS-16
ALYSSA M. WILSON
PHYS
Roberto Ramos
Physics
Superconducting qubits are macroscopic circuits that have exhibited many interesting properties similar
to those of an atom. This makes them strong candidates for quantum information applications and
for tunable models of atomic systems. One especially interesting feature that is displayed is lasing in a
resonator coupled to a qubit. This effect has been studied in all but one type of superconducting qubit,
the phase qubit. Phase qubits, however, offer distinct advantages over other qubits due to their simple
design, ease of manufacture, and ability to be measured without secondary circuit components; thus, it
238
is desirable to study lasing in these. A circuit design is proposed for analyzing the possibility of inducing
lasing in this type of qubit, and the results of simulations of the system are presented. Experimental
work in characterizing an actual phase qubit, with the potential goal of testing it for lasing, will also be
discussed.
4X4 Space-Time Codes for Free Space Optical Interconnects
P-PHYS-17
SAI VAMSIDHAR CHINTA
With the computer processor speeds going into gigahertz range, the busses that support high speed
data transfer became a limiting factor for the performance of a system. In order to overcome this
limitation busses are expected to offer more bandwidth as well as more connections per unit chip
area. The use of lithographic fabrication techniques in the manufacturing of micro optical components
and the ability to package optical systems monolithically provided a solution in the form of free space
optical interconnects. While these free space optical interconnects (FSOI) offer large interconnection
density and high bandwidth product, they show a poor performance in the presence of crosstalk. Hence
perfect alignment is of high importance in such interconnects. In an FSOI while a design of perfect
alignment between the transmitter and receiver reduces the crosstalk to some extent it still faces the
problem of misalignment arising from the temperature fluctuations and vibrations. In this paper, we
extend the concept of space time codes for Radio Frequency channels using orthogonal designs to an
On-Off Keying based four channel free-space optical interconnect to overcome the Optical crosstalk
problem. We use the space-time codes in these systems to improve system performance by taking
advantage of the optical crosstalk, caused by misalignments from the initial alignment, temperature
fluctuations, and vibrations. We adapt the orthogonal space time code transmission matrix for radio
channels to use real and non-negative symbols appropriate for use in free space optical communication
channels implementing OOK modulation and direct detection. Decision metrics are calculated based
on the received symbols and the optical path gains. These decision metrics are used in decoding the
symbol using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) decision. The modified code provides full diversity with a
simple maximum likelihood decoding scheme. Simulated BER results of an example optical interconnect
system are show that the spatial and temporal diversity achieved by this coding allows the optical
interconnect to operate with minimal BER even in the case of misalignment. In addition, the bit error
rate performance of the example system is enhanced by several orders of magnitude than that of a
perfectly aligned system that does not use space-time coding.
Segmented Polyurethanes Containing Carbon Nanotube
Nanohybrid Shish Kebabs
P-PHYS-18
MATTHEW HOOD
Segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) are linear, multiblock copolymers that possess a wide range of
tailorable properties via control of composition during synthesis and processing. Phase separation
between SPU’s segments produce superior elastomeric properties with hard domains maintaining
the polymer matrix under stress, while soft domains provide flexibility allowing for a high degree of
strain. We have synthesized a variety of SPU systems using a variety of molecular weight macrodiol soft
segments and various concentrations of highly crystalline hard segments, composed of hexamethylene
diisocyanate and butanediol, in which control over each domain’s morphology has been dictated by us.
Adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that have been periodically patterned with functionalized crystalline
239
PHYS
polymers, to form nanohybrid shish kebabs, drastically changes the mechanical properties of our SPU
system even at low CNT concentrations. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis,
wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize these
systems and compare them to neat SPU. By tailoring SPU composition and shish kebab concentration
we have produced a system with significant mechanical improvement with potential for use as a shape
memory polymer.
Photomultiplier Tubes: Calibration and Neutrino Physics Applications
P-PHYS-19
EDWARD DAMON
Physics
Photomultiplier tubes are devices designed to amplify very small light signals, on the order of single
photons, to levels that are detectable by standard equipment. Such a high level of amplification
comes, however, with a great deal of potential problems, as the relationship between the light signal
in and the current out- the response of the system- can be difficult to determine, meaning that
photomultiplier tubes’ use in scientific research requires a great deal of sensitive calibration. Once
calibrated, the photomultiplier tube is a tool that allows for exploration of a number of new frontiers,
including, perhaps most notably, the field of neutrino physics. This presentation deals with both the
trials of calibration and the uses of the tubes in the field, focusing on their installation and use in the
upcoming Double Chooz experiment to examine the mixing angle, theta 13, between two different
neutrino flavors. Calibration of the tubes requires measurement of a number of different parameters,
most notably, the gain (current generated per photon), pedestal (the current generated in the absence
of signal), the dark rate, (the number of ‘photons’ seen in the absence of signal). For some tubes, there
is an additional feature, called the single photo peak, which describes the response of the tube to a
single photon. However, there are theories that the response of a tube may be colored by the presence
of photons which are not excited through all the stages of the tube, creating additional, much smaller,
peaks just outside of the pedestal and at the tail end of the single photon peak. Our research has not
yet shown the existence of these peaks conclusively, but, it does suggest that further study of a larger
data may be fruitful.
Precipitation of Calcium Ions in Hard Water by Pulsed Spark Discharge
P-PHYS-20
YONG YANG
PHYS
Alexander Fridman, Andrei Starikovskiy, Young I. Cho
Most natural or domestic water contains excessive calcium and carbonate ions which are considered
to provoke problems for both drinking and industrial water systems. Various methods are used to
soften hard water, including reverse osmosis, adding precipitation inhibitors and nanofiltration et.
al., but most of them are generally deleterious for environment or human health and their use is
forbidden in drinking water. In this work, it is shown the calcium ions can be precipitated and thus the
hardness of water can be reduced by repeatedly application of pulsed spark discharge. The comparison
of the softening effect for different hardness is made. Water with hardness up to 900 was made by
continuously circulation and evaporation of Philadelphia city tap water in a mini cooling tower. Possible
mechanisms, including local heating, reactive species, shockwaves produced by the discharge are
discussed. The plasma assisted removal of water hardness has the advantage of posing no potential
threat for environment by needing no chemical additives.
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Sterilization of Escherichia Coli by Pulsed Spark Discharge in Continuous
Water Circulation System
P-PHYS-21
YONG YANG
Krishna Arjunan, Andrei Starikovskiy, Alexander Fridman, Young I. Cho
The application of plasma directly in water has been studied in recent years, because of its practical
applications in water sterilization and decontamination. Although the mechanism is not fully
understood, it is expected that the physical effects such as high electric field, shockwaves and ultraviolet
radiation, as well as reactive species produced from the discharge, significantly contribute in the
inactivation of microorganisms. In this work, the results of recent experiments of sterilization of E. Coli
with the use of pulsed spark discharge in a continuous water circulation system are presented. The main
objective was to discuss the optimization of water solution sterilization by plasma for more realistic
applications and its scalability for industrial use, taking into account the influence of energy density of
plasma and various water parameters. An energy requirement of about 500 J/L was observed to achieve
three log reduction of E. coli in the circulation system, which is higher than the energy requirement for
batch process systems1. Comparison of inactivation efficiencies determined at different initial bacterial
concentration will be made. Also the influence of water parameters including conductivity, flow rate
and total water volume et. al. will be discussed.
Resistors, Capacitors, and OpAmps: Oh My!
P-PHYS-22
ERICA CADEN
Physics
I am developing and testing circuit boards to be used for the Double Chooz experiment. High voltage
divider circuits provide power to the PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMTs) that give us our signal. I built and
tested 200 of these circuit boards which are being used on PMTs in the Inner Veto of our detector.
Circuit boards are also needed to shape and read the signals from the PMTs in the target of the
detector. These boards then send the signal to our data acquisition software. I am working on testing
these boards as well. Shown here is my work and results on all of the projects so far, and what our goals
are before the detector turns on later this year.
De-aggregation of Nanodiamond Powders Using Salt-Assisted Milling
P-PHYS-23
AMANDA PENTECOST
Nanodiamond powder (ND) is a new carbon nanomaterial which is produced on a large commercial
scale and is composed of ~5nm diamond particles. These tiny diamond particles deliver the same
advantages of bulk diamond, including excellent mechanical and thermal properties, chemical
resistance towards harsh conditions, and biocompatibility, at a nanoscale. Due to its unique
characteristics, this interesting, new nanomaterial has many applications, including: oil and fuel
additives, polishing and plating compositions, polymer- and metal-matrix composites, and bioimaging
and drug delivery systems. ND is manufactured via detonation of explosives with negative oxygen
241
PHYS
balance within a closed chamber in an inert atmosphere. The resulting 5nm ND particles contain large
amounts of non-diamond carbon and traces of metals. Therefore, purification of raw ND soot is a
necessary step prior to exploring any applications. After purification, the ND powders consist of up
to 97% wt. of diamond particles, bearing a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on
the surface (mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl groups). In the dry state, the particles are strongly bonded
in tight aggregates, each several micrometers in size. These aggregates must be broken in order to
fully benefit from the nanoscale size of ND. This, in fact, proves to be a very difficult task. While there
are different opinions regarding the forces holding ND particles in these strongly bonded aggregates
as well as different approaches to break them, none are considered as practical and cost efficient.
Thus, the issue is still far from being resolved. The purpose of this study is to utilize the simple method
of salt-assisted attrition milling combined with pH adjustment to break down these aggregates and
produce stable aqueous suspensions of pure single nanodiamond particles with diameters of ~5 nm.
The effect of milling was studied through varying and monitoring different parameters, including:
rotation speed, time, and volume ratio of nanodiamond (UD90) to salt (NaCl). It was discovered that
varying the time of milling seemed to have the greatest effect on particle size reduction. As time was
increased, particle size decreased exponentially, reaching an asymptote at around 50 nm. These samples
were then subjected to titration using HCl and NaOH in order to find an optimal pH range, favoring deaggregation. It was discovered that this optimal pH range is between 10.0 and 11.5. This indicates that
it is, in fact, possible to break down the majority of the large aggregates by mechanically separating the
particles and then dissociating the surface acidic functional groups in at basic pH. Using this approach,
the size of the aggregates was decreased from 1-10 micrometers (hundreds to thousands of particles
per aggregate) down to 15-20 nm (3-4 particles per aggregate). Further efforts will be aimed towards
breaking these small aggregates in order to produce a colloidal solution of single ND particles.
Geometric Phase in Qubit Systems
P-PHYS-25
SAM KENNERLY
Physics
PHYS
Quantum wavefunctions include a phase factor which evolves in time. The overall phase of a
wavefunction is not observable, but the relative phase difference between components of an entangled
state can be physically measurable. Relative phase is the an essential feature in, for example, the
Aharonov-Bohm and Josephson effects. Sir Michael Berry showed in 1984 that, when the parameters
of a quantum system are changed adiabatically through a closed path in parameter space, a portion
of the resulting phase difference depends only on the geometry of the path. Geometric phase, a more
recent generalization of Berry’s phase, is the subject of much theoretical study but has not yet found
many practical applications. Here we consider hypothetical systems of qubits (physical representations
of quantum bits) in which geometric phase can be deliberately controlled and measured. Because
geometric phase is inherently insensitive to environmentally-induced decoherence, these systems may
be useful for quantum computing. In 2007, a team of researchers reported observation of Berry’s
phase in a single solid-state qubit. Our goal is to design systems which demonstrate other examples of
geometric phase using multiple solid-state qubits. These systems could be built and tested in Dr. Ramos’
low-temperature lab at Drexel.
242
Synthesizing Carbon Nanotube Monolayered Film with Polymer Mediated
Spacing via Langmuir-Blodgett Technique
P-PHYS-26
CARLOS OCTAVIO BAHAMONDES
Physics
Horizontally patterned carbon nanotubes and nanowires, which are important for electronic
applications, have been constructed using microfluidics, controlled gas flow, electric-field guided
growth, atomic step guided growth, and Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. We now introduce a novel
technique using periodically functionalized carbon nanotubes to control the patterning. First highdensity polyethylene is crystallized on single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The result is periodic
crystallization of polyethylene on the nanotube surface, termed Nano-Hybrid-Shish-Kebab (NHSK). The
NHSK is then functionalized with polyethylene-polyethylene oxide block co-polymer, an amphiphilic
polymer, and deposited on a water subphase. Slow compression of the film allows the high aspectratio SWNTs to align themselves horizontally. Ideally, one monolayer will be deposited on top of
the other where the interlayer separation, in addition to the horizontal inter-nanotube separation,
will be mediated by the polyethylene kebab size (approximately 200nm). Such SWNT films may find
applications as field effect transistors and nanocapacitors.
Use of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma for Tunable Interfaces
P-PHYS-27
JACQUELINE YIM
PHYS
Hybrid materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer composites are ubiquitous in aerospace, automobile,
structural, and ballistic applications. These materials can impart various mechanical responses such as
toughening or energy absorbing properties based upon the interaction between the fiber and the
polymer matrix. The interface created between the two materials is a key area of importance that
ultimately reflects upon the performance of the composite. Depending upon the use of the composite,
an optimal balance of adhesion strength and energy absorption properties is highly desired. Therefore,
a practical method is needed where the tunability of the interface can be achieved. In this work, the
use of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to functionalize ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene (UHMW-PE) fibers to obtain surfaces that conformed to the polymer matrix through the
introduction of chemical reactive groups. Plasma treatments were carried out by varying conditions such
as exposure time, plasma gas, and gas flow-rate. These plasma-treated fiber surfaces were characterized
using surface analytical techniques including attenuated total reflectance ‘ Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle (WCA)
measurements to identify major chemical groups and to evaluate the degree of functionalization.
The addition of silane coupling agents to plasma-modified fibers yielded surfaces that were further
engineered to achieve desired mechanical properties. Interfacial properties ‘ shear strength and energy
absorption were studied using a micromechanical test known as the microdroplet test. Results show
that plasma treatments with the aid of adhesive promoting agents are promising routes that can be
used achieve a tailored interface.
243
Representation Theory for Strange Attractors
P-PHYS-28
DANIEL J. CROSS
R. Gilmore
Physics
Embeddings are diffeomorphisms between some unseen physical attractor and a reconstructed
image. Different embeddings may or may not be equivalent under isotopy. We regard embeddings as
representations of the attractor, review the labels required to distinguish inequivalent representations
for an important class of dynamical systems, and discuss the systematic ways inequivalent embeddings
become equivalent as the embedding dimension increases, until there is finally only one ``universal’’
embedding in a suitable dimension.
Tunable Nano-Particle Fractal Clusters for Surface Enhanced Raman
Scattering (Sers) Substrates
P-PHYS-29
MANUEL FIGUEROA
William Stephenson, Kambiz Pourrezaei, Som Tyagi
The development of a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect trace
concentrations of biological molecules would be beneficial to various fields including biochemistry,
pharmaceuticals and medical diagnostics. Although a single fractal cluster of silver nanoparticles
isolated from a colloidal suspension has been shown to produce hyper amplification [106 ‘ 1012],
it does not have much of a practical value as it is not reproducible. We have developed methods to
produce large area SERS substrates with fractal clusters as the main constituent. Here we discuss how
nanoparticles can be encouraged to aggregate into ‘dimers’, ‘trimers’ or fractal structures by thermal
treatments. Substrates were fabricated by depositing a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (50nm)
surrounded by a thin polymer coating onto a film. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was drop coated on the
substrate and then the surface was laser heated to remove the polymer coating, effectively bringing the
Ag particles closer together. SERS signals of R6G could be detected anywhere on the film but the largest
signals were found in areas containing fractal clusters close to the percolation threshold. SEM images
of the fractal clusters were analyzed based on the fractal dimension and percolation length. With
this method fractal clusters can easily be formed on flexible films after heating making it a cheap and
reliable way for fabricating tunable SERS substrates.
Finite Curvature-driven Giant Ferroelectric Response in Coaxial
Cylindrical Nanostructures
P-PHYS-30
STEPHEN NONNENMANN
PHYS
Oren D. Leaffer, Eric M. Gallo, Michael T. Coster, Rahul S. Joseph, Jonathan E. Spanier
Nanoscale ferroelectrics generate intense interest, not only for their enormous potential as nonvolatile
memory elements, but also for their finite size-dependent physical phenomena which draw significant
parallels to scaling of other ferroic properties, and of superconductivity. The depolarizing field within
244
ferroelectric materials that arises from incomplete screening is the source of ferroelectric instability
in ultra-thin films and nanostructures, and results in an evolution of ferroelectric polarization P and
ferroelectric phase transition temperature Tc with finite size. Here we report the effect of extreme
curvature on the switching of radially-oriented ferroelectric polarizations within individual ultra-thin
ferroelectric oxide perovskite nano-shells. The measured giant ferroelectric piezoelectric responses
of up to ~200% higher than planar epitaxial films of identical thickness and composition, along with
finite-curvature dependent asymmetry in ferroelectric switching, are consistent with a theoretical model
description incorporating nano-scale curvature- and shell thickness-dependent polarization profiles.
In enhancing properties along the smallest dimension, cylindrical nano-shell-based devices possessing
finite curvature-driven strain gradients represent a model system for circumventing finite-size scaling
limitations within nanostructured ferroelectric capacitors.
Transparent Conductive Polymer Antennas for Wireless Communications
P-PHYS-31
NICHOLAS J. KIRSCH
Nicholas Vacirca, Elizabeth Polwman, Timothy Kurzweg, Adam Fontecchio, Kapil Dandekar
As wireless devices become more widely used, there becomes a growing need to make the devices less
obtrusive. Recently, polymers that are conductive at radio frequencies have been developed, which
would enable the design of antennas that are transparent and conformal. We present several antenna
designs for use with various wireless communications standards. The conductive polymer antennas are
compared to traditional copper antennas and electromagnetic simulations. Further, the two printing
processes are described along with the impact on thickness of the polymer to the conductivity.
X-Ray Emitting Galaxies in the SDSS
P-PHYS-32
JOHN K. PAREJKO
Physics
PHYS
Matching the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) and the SDSS results in many ambiguous matches. In a
previous paper (Parejko et al., 2008) we described a method for statistically identifying likely matches
between these surveys based on spectroscopic classification. The large sample size and spectroscopic
uniformity of the SDSS allow us to systematically constrain the types of galaxies that are detected by
RASS. We identify likely soft X-ray emitting galaxies in the SDSS, constructing a large, uniform sample
of RASS-detected galaxies of various spectral types. We perform a 2-dimensional optical light profile
reconstruction (point source+deVaucouleurs) on these galaxies to extract the AGN flux. For this sample
we describe the emission-line to X-ray flux ratios and the relationship between the central point source
and the X-ray emission. We find a variation in X-ray luminosity vs. optical emission-line slope between
different spectral classes as well as weak trends in extracted AGN color vs. X-ray luminosity. We are
also applying the matching method developed with SDSS to match other galaxy catalogs to RASS, thus
constraining the RASS detection fraction for very nearby galaxies.
245
Effect of Carbon Black and Nanoclay on Antioxidant Depletion in High
Density Polyethylene
P-PHYS-33
CONNIE WONG
In polymeric products, additives are commonly used to enhance their performance such as service
lifetime, ultraviolet (UV) protection, and physical properties. In many applications, extended service life
time of the products is required; therefore, antioxidants (AO) are often added into materials. This study
is to evaluate the long term effects between AO (hindered phenol, I-1010) and two additives, carbon
black (CB) which is commonly used for UV protection and nanoclay which is added to improve physical
properties. Samples with 2.5% CB and samples with 4% nanoclay are subjected to forced air oven in an
elevated temperature along with the control samples which only contain AO. The results indicate that
both CB and nanoclay react with AO, but different depletion/consumption mechanisms are observed.
For samples containing CB, the AO depletion followed 1st order reaction and the AO distributed evenly
throughout the thickness. On the other hand, the depletion of nanoclay samples followed 2nd order
reaction and symmetric profile was observed. The reasons for the different depletion behaviors might
be due to the characteristics of the additives. AO could react with the oxygen containing group on the
surface of CB and cause an even reaction throughout the material. The barrier function of nanoclay,
which prevents oxygen from diffusing into the material as well as preventing the AO migrating toward
the surface, might explain the faster depletion at the surface.
Analysis of a Direct Terahertz Radiation Detector Device Utilizing Quantumwell Schottky-Contact Interface
P-PHYS-34
POUYA DIANAT
PHYS
Terahertz (THz) frequency range in electromagnetic spectrum has a range of applications in highresolution spectroscopy, medical imaging, astronomical measurements, security and more. However,
generation and detection of THz radiation pose difficult challenges partially since its energy is close
to average thermal energy of electrons in a solid; that is, the signal has less power than the thermal
noise level. We have proposed a THz detector based on direct detection of THz radiation by perturbing
a dense population of two-dimensional electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs interface, which is held in quasiequilibrium by Schottky contacts. This structure can serve as a sensitive mechanism for detection of
excitations. We analyze the device behavior starting from basic Maxwell equations, and calculating
electron temperature increase due to absorption of THz radiation. We calculate the resultant current
due to the increase in electrochemical potential showing that this device can have excellent signal-tonoise ratio, sensitivity and temperature behavior making it a good candidate THz detector.
246
Preparation Of Some Mono and Dinuclear Nickel and Copper Complexes
Using Novel Ligands with N, S, and O Donors
P-PHYS-35
MOLLY A. O’CONNOR
Chemistry
Novel dinuclear copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized using bis(4,6dimethoxysalicylaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazones. This ligand is comprised of two donor atom sites, ONN
and ONS, and is triply deprotonated. Several novel mononuclear nickel(II) complexes were also prepared
using ligands with N2O2S2-donor sets. These ligands were prepared via the combination of different
novel alkyl-bridged dithioether-diketones with some ortho-functionalized anilines.
A Magnetic Permeability Enhanced Metamaterial Substrate for
Antenna Miniaturization
P-PHYS-36
PRATHABAN MOOKIAH
To meet ever increasing performance demands in wireless systems, conventional single antenna systems
will be replaced by multiple antenna systems in the near future. But accommodating multiple antennas
in modern consumer devices is impossible due to stringent space constraints. Therefore dramatic
antenna miniaturization techniques are required more than ever now.
Electromagnetic metamaterials are engineered, effectively homogenous, electromagnetic structures
with unusual properties that do not exist in nature. An interesting possibility with metamaterials is
the ability to engineer materials that exhibit high magnetic permeability in the microwave frequency
region – termed as magnetic permeability enhanced metamaterials.
Antennas have been traditionally miniaturized by a factor of by constructing them on dielectric
materials with dielectric constant r and relative magnetic permeability. Since materials that exhibit high
?r do not exist in the microwave region, miniaturization has traditionally been achieved by using high
permittivity materials, though it comes at the cost of increased dielectric losses that significantly affect
antenna efficiency.
PHYS
We have designed a magnetic permeability enhanced metamaterial that exhibits a high r and r that
significantly miniaturizes an antenna array in a wireless communication system operating in the
2.45GHz frequency range which corresponds to the ubiquitous IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard.
We demonstrate by analysis and measurements, the performance of this antenna by comparing it to
an antenna designed on a conventional FR4 substrate. We show that the metamaterial substrate is
a cost-effective solution that achieves around 80% reduction in antenna footprint compared to the
conventional substrate without system sacrificing performance.
247
Alkaline Transition of Cytochrome C Probes by Resonance
Raman Spectroscopy
P-PHYS-37
MARIA ALESSI
Andrew Hagarman, Dr. Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
Chemistry
The oxidized state of cytochrome c is a subject of continuous interest due to the multitude of
conformations the protein adopts. Despite numerous studies, native and non-native states of
ferricytochrome c have not been comprehensively analyzed regarding the influence of solvent
conditions on structure, function, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Compared to the oxidized state, the
reduced state of cytochrome c is rather stable since it adopts one conformation over a broad pH (2-12)
and temperature (~100oC) range. In the current study, we have analyzed the high frequency (12001800cm-1) Soret and Q-band resonance Raman spectra of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome
c (hhc) in terms of depolarization ratios and normalized Raman intensities, as a function of increasing
pH and temperature. Initial analysis of our data collected for the Soret band resonance indicates that
the depolarization ratios of A1g modes ?2, ?3, and ?4 of the native state III and the alkaline state IV
are practically identical. They deviate from the respective D4h-value, indicating that B1g (triclinic) or
B2g (rhombic) type distortions affect the Raman tensor. For state III, the depolarization ratios of B1g
modes ?10, ?11, and ?13 deviate substantially from the expectation value indicating that these modes
are affected by a large B1g type distortion. The alkaline III-> IV transition moves the depolarization
ratios of these B1g modes closer to their D4h-value of 0.75, indicating a substantial decrease of the
rhombic B1g-type deformation. Data from pH 12, which favor the population of the V-state, suggest
a substantial increase of rhombic deformations, apparently caused by the replacement of a lysine by a
hydroxyl ligand. Currently we are analyzing the depolarization ratios for the Q band resonance data for
both resonances.
Topological Phases of a Current Biased Josephson Junction
P-PHYS-39
ANTHONY TYLER
Physics
PHYS
A simple manifestation of Berry’s phase is a quantum two level system. An example of such a system
is a spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field. As the magnetic field is slowly evolved through a closed path,
the particle has been shown to acquire an additional phase factor known as Berry’s phase. This phase
has been found in the phase, charge and flux qubit. Here, we present an alternative derivation of the
Berry’s phase of a phase qubit as well as calculate the complete Berry’s phase.
248
In Ground Trilateration for Determining the Positions of the Sensor Mote
Network with a Fixed But Unknown Topology
P-PHYS-40
RANDALL CRONIN
Francis Todd, Batuhan Yukselen
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing in popularity due to their usefulness in tracking
phenomena over space and time in diverse applications, ranging from ecology, to medicine, to
homeland security, etc. Dynamic network topology, where the location of the sensor motes in the
network is unknown a priori, is a frequent problem associated with this type of network that needs to
be addressed before any tracking of a phenomenon can take place. For instance, an aircraft flying over
an area to be monitored would scatter thousands of motes creating a WSN with an unknown topology.
This project deals with the problem of determining the locations of the various motes in the network
using a cluster head node mounted on a vehicle following a known path or track, where the location
of the vehicle is known at all times during the movement. This solution is based on an in-ground
trilateration concept, analogous to stereo imaging where distance measurements are taken from
multiple non-collinear points on the track. TinyOS will be used to code the motes for tracking purposes.
The motes will utilize a synchronous time scale. A triggering signal from the vehicle and subsequently
returned tracking signals from the motes (localizing the motes) will determine the motes positions.
A ‘Multiple Model Adaptive Control’ Case Study
P-PHYS-41
ERIC PETERSON
For systems with variable plant parameters, a single state feedback controller may be insufficient to
guarantee stability. A proposed solution is to apriori determine a set of operating configurations and
design linear controllers for each configuration. Then in real time the true configuration is deduced
and the proper controller is applied. The stability of this switched linear system may be superior to
traditional adaptive control techniques. The apriori selection of distinct operating configurations, the
method to determine the correct configuration, and the subsequent controller switching logic are
topics of current research. We provide a case study.
Observations of Filament Behavior and Plasma Uniformity in Continuous
and Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharges
P-PHYS-42
MOOGEGA COOPER
Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) is applied industrially for techniques such as ozone generation and
treatment of textiles. DBD is formed by applying high voltage where at least one of the electrodes is
covered by dielectric. The high electric field creates a discharge that, if in the absence of the dielectric,
would rapidly progress to an arc. Arc formation is prevented by accumulating charge on the dielectric
surface, which generates an electric field that opposes the applied field. Preventing the formation of
249
PHYS
Yong Yang, Gregory Fridman, Alexander Fridman
arcs are important for medical applications of plasma. Uniform plasma is more pleasing to the skin,
while arc formation on the skin results in localized pain. In efforts to find the best regime for medical
use, three phenomena were observed: memory effects are bound to the gas; ‘shock waves’ were
observed in Nitrogen plasma whose filaments had no directional preference with gas flow direction;
and there is great uniformity in Oxygen, Helium, and Nitrogen plasma.
Numerical Modeling of Fiber Optic Hydrophone Sensors
P-PHYS-43
RUPA GOPINATH
Optical fiber tips with sub-millimeter resolution are an attractive solution for sensing ultrasonic
pressure over a broadband frequency range of 1 - 100 MHz. The straight cleaved uncoated fiber
optic hydrophone has a responsivity of -268 dB re 1 V/uPa. In order to enhance the responsivity,
sensitivity and bandwidth performance of the current acousto-optic pressure sensors, optimization
of the fiber tip geometries is essential. Various fiber sensor structures, namely, uncoated and thin
film gold coated, straight cleaved and tapered fiber structures with sensing dimensions of around
8-12 um have been fabricated and tested. Thin-film gold coated, down-tapered fibers with estimated
coating thicknesses of 30nm to 200nm are employed. Optimum design of the tip involves studying
the impact of various coating materials, such as Au and ItO, on the fiber responsivity performance
as well as studying the interaction of these materials with the impingent acoustic wave. Design
optimization of fiber sensor is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) based numerical modeling
of various fiber sensor geometries in terms of acoustic sensitivity. Two commercially available software
packages, namely electromagnetic field modeling using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and
COMSOL (a Multiphysics modeling approach) have been used for design optimization. In addition to
electromagnetic field modeling, acoustic modeling feature of COMSOL can also be used to study the
interaction of the acoustic wave with the optical sensor.
Ground-Water Exposure Model for Pathogens Transport Using
Spreadsheet Programming
P-PHYS-44
JINGJIE TENG
PHYS
Patrick Gurian, Mira Olson
The current state of microbial risk assessment of pathogens in biosolids can be advanced by quantitative
exposure models that incorporate the effect of wet weather events, which can produce a saturated
wetting front which dramatically increases the rate of pathogen transport. The ground-water exposure
model links models of pathogen transport vertically through the saturated wetting soil and unsaturated
soil, and horizontally ground-water flow through the saturated soil. For the vertical transport phase,
two cases were considered. In the first case, saturating rainfall events, in which the infiltrating wetting
front reaches the underlying ground-water table, an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion
equation was used to predict pathogen attenuation. In the second case, non-saturating rainfall events,
in addition to the saturated wetting zone, pathogen attenuation through the unsaturated zone below
the wetting front was modeled using equations from Virulo software package. Horizontal transport
through the saturated zone was modeled using an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion
equation, incorporating the effects of adsorption to soil and pathogen decay. The model can provide
the overall risk of pathogen exposure through ground water when it is coupled with the probability of
an individual rainfall event. Once the framework is populated with site-specific data, it can be used to
set criteria for allowable pathogens in biosolids that correspond with different acceptable levels of risk.
250
Collision Resolution Based on Pulse Shape Diversity
P-PHYS-45
XIN LIU
Samet Oymak, Athina P. Petropulu, Kapil R. Dandekar
Collisions in a network occur when users transmit simultaneously using the same channel. Although
traditionally collisions have been viewed as a waste, in certain cases the collided users can be recovered
from the collision. It was recently shown that carrier frequency offsets along with small user delays and
different pulse shape functions between the users provides enough diversity for the colliding users to
be separated in a blind fashion. Our current research focuses on the diversity provided by pulse shape
functions. A two-user wireless system is considered, where users are allowed to transmit in a slotted
random access fashion. Both users transmit narrowband signals using the same carrier frequency. An
iterative pulse shape design is proposed that enforces several desirable characteristics to each user’s
pulse shape function, such as, limiting inter-symbol interference, keeping inter-user interference to a
low level, and forcing the power spectrum density (PSD) to follow the sidelobe characteristics of the
Isotropic Orthogonal Transform Algorithm (IOTA) pulse. Blind user separation based on the proposed
design is tested with simulations, and is also implemented on a software defined radio (SDR) testbed
that operated in a laboratory environment. The SDR results suggest that for SNR is 18.46 dB - 24.84 dB
we can resolve 94.33 % of the collisions, while for SNR in SNR is 15.99 dB - 20.36 dB, we can resolve
84.33 % of the collisions. Resolving collisions can significantly improve throughput in wireless networks.
Investigating The Presence Of Macroscopic Quantum Metastable
States In Graphene-Based Josephson Junctions and Other Low
Temperature Phenomena
P-PHYS-46
JOEY LAMBERT
Steven Carabello
Physics
PHYS
Recent experiments have demonstrated the Josephson effect in superconducting mesoscopic graphene
devices consisting of two superconducting leads separated by a few hundred nanometers, contacted by
a single and multiple-layered graphene [1]. These device are very similar to standard superconductornormal metal-superconductor (SNS) based Josephson Junctions, which are widely used as qubits
(quantum bits) for developing a quantum computer. One of the major difficulties with conventional
SNS junctions is the short coherence time that is believed to be due to imperfections in the crystal
structure. Graphene, on the other hand, has a pristine structure that is nearly absent of defects and it
has exhibited large quantum coherence due to its electronic transport properties. For these reasons,
we are motivated to explore the presence of macroscopic quantum metastable states in graphenebased Josephson junctions. We also will be studying other low temperature behaviors of graphene
since it has not been widely researched. I present the process of making these devices and our proposed
research methods as well as current progress and future work. [1] H.B. Heersche, P.D. Jarillo-Herrero, J.B.
Oostinga, L.M.K. Vandersypen, and A.F.Morpurgo, Induced superconductivity in grapheme, Solid state
communications, 143(1-2), 72-76 (2007).
251
Voids in the SDSS: Void Shapes
P-PHYS-47
DANNY PAN
Physics
Voids in the Universe are believed to evolve spherically in shape as predicted by linear gravitation
theory (Icke 1984). Voids in redshift space can have different shapes from voids in real space either due
to nonlinear redshift space distortions along the line of sight, or linear infall onto structures. These
effects cause asphericity in the voids. To measure this effect, we compute the ellipticity of voids from
the sample of 526 voids in the SDSS DR5 void catalog (Pan et al. in prep). For each void, we determine
the best-fit ellipsoid for the volume. We calculate the line of sight projections of the major axes and
determine possible effects of redshift distortions by comparing to effects in a mock catalog provided by
Park et al.
Analysis and Applications of Subdivision Schemes in Manifolds
P-PHYS-48
ESFANDIAR NAVAYAZDANI
Mathematics
There has been a growing interest in multiscale resolution of nonlinear data in the recent years. A
significant issue therein is smoothness. We consider subdivision of manifold valued data. The notion
of those subdivision schemes based on an appropriate linear one will be in a general setting such
that known examples like subdividing by means of geodesic averaging in Riemannian manifolds, logexponential subdivision schemes in Lie groups and those induced in symmetric spaces are covered. We
investigate smoothness of these constructions and analyze applications to dynamics of rigid body, array
signal processing, diffusion tensors, medical imaging and elasticity.
Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Dissociation Mechanism in Plasma
P-PHYS-49
KIRILL GUTSOL
PHYS
Thomas Nunnally
Hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation is a promising method for H2S utilization. The conventional
method based on multi-stage Claus Process is currently considered the industry standard. The Claus
Process is based on partial oxidation of H2S, which results in the production of sulfur and water. Plasma
dissociation of H2S follows direct dissociation path producing sulfur and hydrogen. It was estimated
that if plasma dissociation of H2S can be industrially realized with energy cost lower than 1 eV per
H2 molecule it can save the refining industry about up to 70,000 billion Btu/yr. Earlier thermodynamic
equilibrium calculations show that the energy cost of thermal dissociation of molecule of H2S cannot be
less than 2.0 eV. Moreover, no chemical kinetics model exists that shows a significant improvement over
thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Nonetheless, results obtained from swirl flow reactors with
microwave plasma discharge show that the effective cost of H2S dissociation can be as low as 0.7 eV per
molecule. The only explanation given for this low energy cost was the centrifugal effect of separation
of solid sulfur with internal energy recuperation, which is more a hypothesis than a theory supported
by experiment or detailed numerical modeling. This research is focused on the explanation of the above
phenomena through the chemical kinetics modeling of the dissociation process as well as numerical
252
simulation of heat and mass transfer in the plasma reactors used for the dissociation. The revision of
kinetic mechanism is necessary, because many commonly known mechanisms are incomplete. Thus, the
goal is not only to create a model predicting the experimentally achieved dissociation cost of 0.7 eV, but
also experimentally confirm theoretical model conclusions.
Compact Stacking and Wavefront Analysis Of Elctro-Optic Liquid Crystal
Thin Films for Dynamic Wavelength Filtering Applications
P-PHYS-50
SAMEET K. SHRIYAN
Craig Schwarze
We demonstrate an alternate method of stacking Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC)
reflection gratings, for dynamic wavelength filtering applications, on substrates coated with indium tin
oxide on both sides allowing independent switching of each grating in the stack. Successive layers of
the stack are formed by switching existing layers while exposing the subsequent layer to an interference
pattern. Wavefront analysis based on wavefront propagation through HPDLC with electric field on
and off is used to substantiate the improvement in the reflection efficiency of the layers in the stack.
Results show an optical path length reduction due to elimination of substrate layers at each grating. A
prototype for hyperspectral imaging is proposed as an application using the compact multilayer HPDLC
stacks.
Particle Based Lensing
P-PHYS-51
SANGHAMITRA DEB
Physics
Clusters exhibit a range of different lensing effects. There are strong lensing effects close to the core
where multiple images and highly distorted arcs are formed. Close to the edges there is the weak
distortion of background galaxy ellipticities. Since all the effects are produced by the same lensing
potential we should be able to combine all of them. These different lensing observables have a
different signal to noise ratio. Thus to combine them we have developed a technique “Particle Based
Lensing (PBL)”. In this technique the smoothing scale can be varied spatially to accommodate the
observables with different signal-to-noise ratio. We have applied this technique to several toy lens
models to obtain excellent agreement with the input mass distribution. We have also done a mass
reconstruction for the well known “Bullet Cluster” using PBL.
Investigations into a-helix and ß-sheet phase transitions
P-PHYS-53
JOHN S. SCHRECK
Statistical mechanical methods have been widely applied to the studies of problems in protein folding
and protein aggregation. One of the best examples is the helix-coil transition, initiated 40 years ago
253
PHYS
Physics
by Zimm and Bragg, followed by Lifson, Roig and others. In some limit, the Zimm-Bragg model can
be reduced to a 1D Ising model. Their approach based on partition functions, transfer matrices, phase
transitions, and other statistical methods has initiated a field, which is still active today. Due to close
collaborations between theoretical and experimental researchers, the field of helix-coil transitions is
considered to be one of the best developed ones. However, the same cannot be said about transitions
involving beta-sheet structures, such as sheet-coil or sheet-helix transitions. The difficulties lie in the
long-range nature of the residue interactions involved and the richness of beta-sheet structures. To
take steps in solving these problems, we use a long-range multi-state model (i.e. a Potts model) for the
studies of conformation changes of proteins involving sheet, helix, turn, and coil structures.
Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and
Automated Liquid Handling
P-PHYS-54
KHALID BAIG MIRZA
Chemistry
The optimization of a Ugi reaction involving the mixing of furfurylamine, benzaldehyde, boc-glycine
and t-butylisocyanide is described. Triplicate runs of 48 parallel experiments are reported, varying
concentration, solvent and the excess of some of the reagents. The isolation of the product was
achieved by a simple filtration and wash procedure. The highest yield obtained was 66% from 0.4
M methanol with 1.2 eq. of imine. This is significantly above the 49% yield obtained from the initial
reaction under equimolar concentration at 0.4 M in methanol. Methanol solutions with reagent
concentrations of 0.4M or 0.2M gave superior yields while all solvent systems at 0.07M performed
poorly. At 0.2M, methanol and ethanol/methanol (60/40) mixtures were statistically equally good
while THF/methanol (60/40) was poor and acetonitrile/methanol (60/40) was intermediate. Good
reproducibility of the precipitate yields was obtained in these replicate experiments, allowing for subtle
interaction effects to be positively identified.
Supervoids: An LSST Application
P-PHYS-55
VISHAL KASLIWAL
Physics
PHYS
We investigate the possibility of locating supervoids of size > 100 Mpcs in the galaxy distribution
mapped by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Lambda-CDM models suggest that supervoids in the
Universe can be responsible for cold spots in the CMB through the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. Voids
of size 30 Mpcs have been identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey from spectroscopic redshifts, but are
too small to be correlated with the ISW effect. Photometric redshifts from LSST, which is a larger, deeper
survey, contain large uncertainties and may include catastrophic errors. We calculate these uncertainties
and measure the smallest void size that can be identified with LSST.
254
New Methodology for Jet Fuel Surrogate Oxidation and Intermediate
Speciation in the Low Temperature Regime
P-PHYS-56
MATTHEW KURMAN
Robert Natelson, Nicholas Cernansky, David Miller
The Pressurized Flow Reactor facility, designed to study low and intermediate temperature hydrocarbon
oxidation chemistry, was recently updated with a Direct Injection connection for quickly analyzing
combustion samples with an analytical chemistry facility. Although the previous setup, utilizing a
heated sample storage cart to store the samples from the reactor and inject them into the analytical
chemistry facility, produced successful results in studying lighter hydrocarbons, recent experiments
studying n-dodecane yielded low carbon balances. This was attributed to difficulties in storing gasphase n-dodecane reaction intermediates. Thus, the storage cart was replaced with a Direct Injection
connection, and a new methodology was developed to inject each sample into the analytical chemistry
facility. In preliminary experiments, the number of intermediates identified from low temperature
n-dodecane oxidation increased from 31 to 115. Carbon balances at 700-850 K temperatures improved
from 60% and higher previously to 80% and higher now. Carbon balances at temperatures of 550-700 K
have improved from 20-60% in the previous method to 60-80% in the new method.
Polymer Liquid Crystal Slices for Switchable Broadband
Holographic Grating
P-PHYS-57
BEN PELLEG
Polymer liquid crystal polymer slices (POLYCRYPS) are electrically switchable holographic gratings
with a narrow reflection notch. A POLYCRYPS film with an increased reflection notch has extensive
applications in beam steering for instrument clusters, hyperspectral imaging, wavelength filtering, and
construction of lightweight optics. No moving parts, light weight, small footprint compared to prisms
and lenses, high color purity make the broadband wavelength POLYCRYPS desirable for the above
applications. The width of the reflection notch is increased by varying the angle of the laser beam
during exposure of the heated POLYCRYPS syrup. The fabricated POLYCRYPS samples are characterized
for wavelength transmission and electro-optic response.
Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of Visible Light Active
TiO2 Sol-gel Coatings on Glass
P-PHYS-58
TRAVIS LONGENBACH
PHYS
In the last decade, the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide have enjoyed a great deal
of interest among researchers. TiO2 has been considered one of the best photocatalytic materials
due its exceptional thermal stability and photocorrosion resistance, high photocatalytic efficiency,
photoinduced superhydrophilicity, cheapness and biocompatibility. In particular, being transparent
255
and mechanically stable, TiO2 films on glass items have been successfully commercialized in the form
of self-cleaning products. However, being a wide bandgap material, TiO2 can only be activated by
UV light, limiting its performance. To increase the usefulness of TiO2 coatings, the bandgap must be
engineered to include the visible spectrum while preserving the mechanical robustness of the films.
The coatings must also remain thin and homogeneous enough to retain transparency. Recently, doping
TiO2 with anions (S, C, N, B, F, P, etc.) has received a lot of attention as an effective way to obtain visible
light activity. In this study, we have investigated the effects of coating and post-treatment parameters
on the structural and photocatalytic properties of the thin anion doped TiO2 films on glass. For this
purpose, anion doped TiO2 films were prepared by sol-gel method followed by annealing under
various atmospheres. Photocatalytic and mechanical properties were evaluated by dye degradation test
and nanoindentation, respectively. Optical properties of the coatings were determined by UV-Visible
spectrophotometry. By controlling the calcination atmosphere and coating solution chemistry, we have
shown that it was possible to get visible-light active thin films with N-doped TiO2 that can be used as
self-cleaning coatings inside a room with standard fluorescent lights.
Sensitivity Measurement of Fiber Optic Hydrophone based on Fiber Sensor
Coating Thickness
P-PHYS-59
KHUSHALI MANSETA
R.Gopinath, P.Arora, V.Nasis, A.S. Daryoush, P.A. Lewin, M. El-Sherif
The Fiber Optic Probe Hydrophone(FOPH) are used as broadband point receivers up to a frequency
of 100MHz for high resolution medical imaging and theragnostic applications. The focus of our
work is to design a highly sensitive Fiber Optic Probe Hydrophone by gold coating of etched down
single mode fibers. Various coating thickness are considered. The hydrophone is implemented as a
single mode straight cleaved gold coated fiber with a tip diameter less than 10’m (diffraction limited
wavelength of at least 60 MHz). Since fiber sensing is based on the principle of intensity modulated
optical hydrophone - where we measure the change in Fresnel reflectance at the tip of an optical fiber
due to modulation of the index of refraction of water surrounding it - the transmission line modeling
is employed to predict optimum coating thickness. The fiber tip is etched to the size of 7 microns using
wet chemical etching of the fiber using HF solution before it is coated with a thin layer of gold. In this
process the fiber being etched is connected to a light source and a detector. The back reflected signal
is continuously monitored while the fiber tip is dipped in the HF solution. A thin Au layer is evaporated
on the fiber tip geometry using sputtering system; the approximate sputtering time is between 5-20
seconds, which is approximately corresponds to gold thickness of 30-150 nm. The predicted results are
verified using experimental setup that consists of a high-power optical source, fiber optical sensor,
acoustic source and optical receiver assemblies. The sensitivities were measured at acoustic frequencies
of 1.5 MHz and 5 MHz frequency using acoustic pressure amplitude levels of 1MPa and input optical
power of up to 1W. We compare the measurements of mean sensitivity values for gold coated
(thickness of 30nm to 150nm) down-tapered, straight cleaved fibers and uncoated fibers.
Interacting Void Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
P-PHYS-60
AMANDA WHITE
PHYS
Physics
Galactic interactions and mergers are major events in the lifetime of a galaxy. By studying these
interactions, it is possible to learn about the formation of galactic structure. Using void galaxies from
256
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, I have identified a set of possibly interacting galaxy pairs. I have studied
properties of these galaxies such as the strength of the hydrogen (Ha) emission line and angular
separation in order to determine if these pairs are actually interacting.
Hybrid Car Control System Design
P-PHYS-61
GERALD PERESE
Gerald Perese ECE Department 3/12/2009 Hybrid Car Control System Design The Progressive Automotive
X Prize competition is an international competition to inspire innovation and creativity to design, build,
and compete with super-efficient vehicles that could potentially aid in breaking the addiction to oil.
The West Philadelphia Hybrid X team have reached out to Drexel University and enlisted the help of
two co-op students to aid in the design and layout of both the engine compartment and control system
of the hybrid electric vehicle they are entering into this competition. The car must produce 100 miles
per gallon, while being marketable to the general public. In order to meet the safety and marketability
requirements, a Ford Focus chassis and body will be used to house the gasoline-electric parallel hybrid.
The challenge is to design a robust, accurate, reliable and efficient control system to optimally control
both the internal combustion engine and the electric motor simultaneously. It was decided that a
National Instruments Compact Rio, comprised of an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and a RealTime controller, will best serve as the ECU (engine control unit). Analog, Digital and CAN (controller
area network) input/output modules compatible with the Compact Rio are to be used for real-time data
acquisition. LabView software is being used to program the control algorithms into the FPGA and RealTime controller. Numerous virtual instruments (VIs) were programmed, each with a different control
approach, and are ready for road testing in the HEV. Some control differences include speed versus
torque controlling the motors, three different power requirement modes, and optional regenerative
braking modes. A coulomb counter was designed, but research is still in progress for the most accurate
way of estimating the state-of-charge of the Lithium Iron Phosphate battery pack. The machining work
is now being done to metal plates and brackets for mounting the motors into the engine compartment.
Testing is anticipated to begin by the end of March 2009.
Proof of Concept: Radiometric Generator
P-PHYS-62
DAVID A. DELAINE
Nathalie Capati
PHYS
The use of Crooke’s radiometers as a renewable energy device is shown to be feasible. Through
modifications with electromagnetic induction components a radiometer is utilized as an electric
generator, providing proof of concept. Verification of this concept is obtained by real time variation
of angular frequency directly corresponding to the characteristics of the produced EMF waveform.
Radiometric generators with two and four magnetic poles are utilized and are shown to produce AC
signals at approximately 0.8 mV and 0.9 mV under angular velocities of 1.0 Hz and 2.2 Hz respectively.
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Rain Water Harvesting Testing
P-PHYS-63
JONATHAN KIECHEL
Ben Cohen
Philadelphia is a beautiful old city with equally old sewers. When these sewers reach capacity during
large storms, they discharge into our rivers. To help alleviate the demand on sewer systems and provide
water for a local community garden, our team decided to install a rain-water harvesting system at the
community garden on 33rd and Race Streets. The system allows us to capture rain-water runoff from a
storage shed and redirect this water from the sewer system to the garden, thereby providing the local
garden with free clean water. Our team decided on a stackable opaque Rain Barrel for our collection
system. The stackable option allows for maximum volume for a given space and the opaque color gives
protection from algae growth. The barrels were sized to accommodate normal to moderate storm
volumes with a 216 gallon capacity. From our 144 ft2 capture area we calculated a maximum runoff of
193 gallons; our barrels were sized to accommodate storage volume and/or multiple storm detention,
and any overflow will be allowed to infiltrate. The piping distribution system, connecting the barrel to
the spigot, was installed in the garden in December, 2008. Future goals will be to install the two barrel
systems and collect water quality data based from representative rainstorms to determine if the water is
safe for general use. A first flush system will also be designed to allow any microorganisms, which may
be present on the roof, to be washed away instead of stored for reuse. The rain barrel for the garden
will be installed approximately late March 2009.
Freezing Hierarchically Structured Polymer and Hybrid Tissue Scaffolds
P-PHYS-64
MATTHEW SCHECTER
PHYS
The design requirements for tissue scaffolds appear deceptively simple: to provide a porous matrix with
interconnecting porosity that promotes rapid cell ingrowth and, at the same time, possesses sufficient
strength to prevent failure under physiological loads until full integration and healing is reached. Yet,
the challenge persists to custom-make materials that mimic the diverse range in structure-property
combinations of the different tissues in our body. An important reason for this is that frequently
multi-level hierarchical composite structures are required, which are difficult to emulate in synthetic
materials. One manufacturing process with which it is possible to manufacture structures with complex
porosity is freezing followed by lyophilization. Utilizing the process of ice formation it is possible to
create hierarchically structured materials with lamellar architecture that can be controlled across several
length-scales. By varying either or both freezing rate and polymer chemistry, the lamellar geometry,
surface roughness, and interfacial bonding and with it the mechanical performance of the scaffold can
be controlled. Our first results show that freeze-cast polymers have a specific stiffness, specific strength
and specific toughness ideally suited for tissue scaffold applications.
258
Hyaluronic Acid and Alginate Characterization for Pure
Nanofiber Production
P-PHYS-65
ERIC BRENNER
The use of natural polymers, such as alginate, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan in the electrospinning
process has gained much attention in recent years. Nanofibrous mats produced from these materials
have numerous potential applications, especially in filtration and tissue engineering. However, the
production of pure nanofibrous mats from these polymers has been difficult to achieve. The extremely
viscous polymer solution, even at low concentrations, has hindered their electrospinnability and as
a result the only way to produce nanofibrous mats is with the use of carrier polymers, such as poly
(ethylene oxide). While there has been some success in electrospinning pure chitosan nanofibers in
highly acidic conditions, it is important to understand what allows for this success. Certain solution
properties of these polymers, such as conductivity, will be evaluated in order to develop a solvent
system that allows for successful electrospinning, even at low concentrations. Additionally, the
production of chemically stable, crosslinked nanofiber mats is essential, and the effect of crosslinking
agents on bulk solutions of these materials will be evaluated.
Smart Nanopipette for In Situ Intracellular Analysis
P-PHYS-66
ELINA A. VITOL
Glass micropipette is a well known tool for any cell biologist. Its main function is to deliver fluids into
cells. Adding an additional functionality to a glass pipette, such as, for example, the ability to monitor
the chemical composition of the pipette tip environment in a cell, would enable a new level of localized
intracellular sensing. We developed a SERS-active nanopipette that combines Surface-Enhanced Raman
spectroscopy (SERS) capabilities with the basic pipette properties. SERS is a high sensitivity method
which allows non-desctructive, label free detection of biologically relevant molecules. SERS functionality
of the nanopipette is determined by the presence of the gold nanoparticles fixed on its 150-nm tip.
We demonstrate that the position of the nanopipette tip inside a cell can be tracked by measuring its
SERS spectrum. This allows navigation inside the cell and selective targeting of cell organelles. For the
first time, we show that the SERS-active nanopipette allows real time in situ monitoring of living cell
function.
Quantum Dot Solar Cell-Material Selection
P-PHYS-67
STEVEN JENKS
Placing intermediate bands within the energy gap of a semiconductor has been proposed as a
way to increase solar cell efficiency. By properly placing these intermediate bands, a solar cell with
one intermediate band can achieve a maximum efficiency of 63.17%, while a solar cell with two
intermediate bands can achieve a maximum efficiency of 72.3%. One way to create these bands is by
utilizing quantum dot technology. Possible quantum dot material are selected that could properly place
the two intermediate bands to achieve the maximum efficiency.
259
PHYS
Physics
Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Analysis for Quality Control of
Electro-optic Thin Films
P-PHYS-68
JARED P. COYLE
This work centers around Shack Hartmann Wavefront Analysis of Holographically-formed Polymer
Dispersed Liquid Crystal (H-PDLC) Thin Films. Zernike polynomial expansion was used to develop a
system of quality control for optically active thin films.
Undergraduate Research Projects reducing RF and Microwave noise in a
Quantum Computing Experiment
P-PHYS-69
THILANKA GALI GALWADUGE
Jerome Mlack, Alyssa Wilson, Anthony Tyler
Physics
Microwave signals permeate the air around us and can travel through our bodies, buildings, and most
materials. These signals come from many sources, such as wireless internet routers, cellular phones,
and power transmission lines. Signals such as these are a great impedance to experiments in Quantum
Computing experiments. The quantum bit, or qubit, contains defined quantum energy states. The
energy level difference between its quantum states is, however, within the 1-3 Ghz range and thus any
noise from the aforementioned microwave sources could ruin any experiments. In order to protect our
experiments from a campus known for its wireless connectivity we use four main methods. The most
basic shielding that we employ is a combination of a copper coated nylon fabric and mu metal sheeting.
The copper fabric encloses the area over our main sample refrigerator and serves to cover the sensitive
electronics outside of our refrigerator from most errant signals. The mu metal is wrapped around our
refrigerator to remove any magnetic interference from our sample area. Our work also delves deeper
into this process through the use of thermo coaxial cable with serves as a strong attenuator to high
frequency microwaves as well as copper powder filters which accomplish the same. Lastly through clever
construction and use of low noise readout electronics we are able to further reduce any unwanted
noise and quantum switching.
Effect of Piezoelectric/Nonpiezoelectric Length Ratio on the Power
Generation Performance of a Piezoelectric Unimorph Cantilever Vibration
Energy Harvester
P-PHYS-70
XIAOTONG GAO
PHYS
Wan Y. Shih, Wei-Heng Shih
Harvesting and converting the mechanical vibratory energy in the ambient environment into electricity
are of great interest to power stand-alone or remote devices, such as radio-frequency identification
(RFID) tags, sensor network nodes and implantable devices, to improve their sustainability and reliability
and eliminate the need of costly battery replacement. Presently, most of the vibration energy harvesters
260
studied are unimorph piezoelectric cantilevers consisting of a piezoelectric layer and a nonpiezoelectric
layer of the same length. In this study, we allow the lengths of the two layers to be different and
examine both experimentally and theoretically how the ratio of the length of the nonpiezoelectric
to that of the piezoelectric affect the power generation capability of the piezoelectric unimorph
cantilever vibration energy harvester. The results show that, for a given length of the piezoelectric
layer, the power output per acceleration squared of a piezoelectric cantilever from a vibrating surface
was enhanced as much as 10 times when the nonpiezoelectric layer was longer or shorter than the
piezoelectric layer. In addition, we have also shown that a cantilever with a longer nonpiezoelectric
layer generated more power per acceleration squared than a unimorph cantilever with a proof mass at
the cantilever tip that has the same mass as the nonpiezoelectric extension. The experimental results
are consistent with analytical solutions based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.
Characterization of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Pharmaceutical Powders
Inside a Cylindrical Die
P-PHYS-71
BARBARA J. ROBINSON
Oral administration is the most dominant means of drug delivery today, and tablets formed by
compaction of powders are the most common form of oral dosage. However, despite their prevalence,
problems still exist in the production of tablets. Understanding the mechanical behavior of powders
allows for a rational design of complex compacts (bilayer core in tablet, etc.). Pharmaceutical
formulation development difficulties often arise during the scale up process, due to significant
increase in speed, when problems are the most detrimental, in terms of time and money. Some of
the rate dependent characteristics of powder compaction include viscoelasticity, temperature, air
entrapment, and dependence of friction on velocity. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the
role of viscoelasticity on the powder compaction process. Viscoelasticity is a rate dependent material
characteristic that several pharmaceutical powders are known to exhibit. Materials which display
viscoelastic behavior demonstrate such properties as, stress relaxation, creep, and stress/strain hysteresis.
These properties can have substantial influence on resulting pharmaceutical compacts. Compacts
which exhibit viscoelastic behavior result in energy dissipation during compaction and unloading. This
behavior can lead to several significant issues during the compaction process including premature die
wear, tablet sticking and lubrication issues, tablet defects, and difficulties with scale-up.
Janus Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Architectures, and Applications
P-PHYS-72
ROBERT C. FERRIER, JR.
Physics
PHYS
The development of novel structures on the nanoscale has become increasingly sought after due to the
promise of the unique properties they provide. Janus structures, structures with asymmetric properties,
allow for further development of unique architectures. Magnetic nanoparticles, through asymmetrical
functionalization, were used as the building blocks for many novel nano- and microstructures. These
structures can be applied in a wide array of applications from drug delivery to microfluidics.
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Characterization of a Stabilized Cool Flame Reactor for Laser Diagnostics
Studies of Pre-Ignition Combustion
P-PHYS-73
JAMIE LANE
The United States transportation sector contributes to approximately 32 percent of green house gas
emissions, and it consumes approximately 65 percent of the liquid petroleum fuel used today. These
percentages are constantly growing. As the effects of global warming are becoming more-and-more
significant, and oil reserves continue to diminish, the immediate demand for cleaner and more efficient
internal combustion (IC) engines is higher than ever before. While renewable energy is a final solution
to these problems, the inherent technologies encapsulating this solution are going to take a substantial
amount of time to implement. The implementation of advanced engine technologies, that will increase
overall engine efficiency, can be done relatively quickly during the transition to renewable energy.
Direct-injection diesel engines are well known for their high fuel conversion efficiency and low CO2
emission in comparison to other internal combustion engine technologies (i.e., Spark-Ignition engines);
however, conventional diesel engines have relatively high soot and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions.
In order to address these issues, low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies are being applied to
advanced compression-ignition technologies (i.e., Homogenous Charged Compression-Ignition (HCCI)
engines). These technologies have the potential to decrease soot and NOx emissions while maintaining
efficiencies comparable to standard direct-injection diesel engines. As we advance toward these cleaner
engine technologies, the need for developing chemical kinetic mechanisms that predict the pre-ignition
fuel chemistry is essential for optimal engine design and performance. This work investigates the
application of cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS)-based techniques for concentration measurements
of hydroperoxy (HO2) and hydroxyl (OH) in a stabilized cool flame reactor (SCFR). The SCFR produces
spatially separated pre-ignition events, making it ideal for laser diagnostic studies at pre-ignition
conditions. HO2 and OH are the dominate species controlling the chemistry at pre-ignition conditions.
Absolute concentration measurements of these species in our experimental reaction system will provide
information essential for predicting and controlling the ignition behavior of hydrocarbon fuels in
compression ignition engines. Simulated species concentration profiles are presented for equivalence
ratios of 1.5, 3.5, and 6.5, which are based on measured axial temperature profiles in the SCFR. HO2
and OH axial absorption profiles are calculated based on their temperature corrected absorption cross
sections and model predicted number densities. They are then compared to the per-pass detectability
limits of CRDS. These preliminary results indicate that concentrations of HO2 and OH are above the
detection limit of CRDS.
Hierarchical Structure on Nanofiber via Combination of Electrospinning
and Polymer Crystallization
P-PHYS-74
XI CHEN
PHYS
We report the formation of hierarchically ordered polymer nanofiber structures, named as nano
fiber shish kebabs (NFSKs), by combining electrospinning and controlled polymer crystallization
methods. both poly caprolactone (PCL) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers were produced
by electrospinning. These polymer nanofibers served as the shish and a secondary polymer (block
copolymer) was decorated on the nanofiber in the form of single crystal lamellae by either an
incubation (slow crystallization), or a solvent evaporation (fast crystallization) method. The structural
parameters of the NSFK such as the fiber diameter, periods, the kebab size etc., were readily controlled
by changing the electrospinning and crystallization conditions. This hierarchical architecture is of great
262
technological interest because it provides a platform for incorporating different functionalities into
nanoscale polymer fibers in an ordered fashion.
Reducing Bandwidth of Step-Frequency Radars using Compressive Sensing
P-PHYS-75
SAGAR SHAH
Athina Petropulu
Radar systems have been used since long to estimate the locations and velocities of multiple targets
present in its range in military and civilian applications. Step-frequency radar is one such system which
transmits pulses at different frequencies to image the target scene. They are diversity systems which
utilize the information present at different frequencies in the received signal to estimate range of
targets. They are used for high-resolution imaging owing to the fact that they use wide-band signals
for the task. For step-frequency radar systems, conventional receivers using IDFT algorithm require
bandwidth of N?f to obtain range resolution of 1/N because the algorithm requires the basis to be
orthogonal. Assuming stationary point targets to be spatially sparse, we have reduced the bandwidth
of step-frequency radar system significantly while keeping the resolution 1/N. The bandwidth reduction
has been accomplished by use of Compressive Sensing technique, wherein we made columns of the
sensing matrix sufficiently “incoherent” to be used for range estimation.
The Effects of Vanadium Doping in Lead-Free Sodium Potassium NiobateLithium Niobate Solid Solutions
P-PHYS-76
WEI WU
PHYS
Current commercial piezoelectrics are dominated by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) that contains lead,
a well-known toxic element harmful to human health and the environment. There is a great need in
producing lead-free piezoelectrics that can replace PZT. Among lead-free piezoelectrics currently being
investigated, sodium potassium niobate, Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) is a new class of lead-free piezoelectric
compound with a good d33 coefficient about 100 pm/V and high Curie temperature.. Recently, we
have shown that using an aqueous precursor coating approach developed in our laboratory, dense
NKN-based ceramics can be obtained without sintering aids and pressure. To investigate the effects
of vanadium doping in helping NKN ceramic sintering solute, we try different percentage vanadium
doping in NKN system. It was found that vanadium can lower the sintering temperature of the NKNLN ceramics to 1000C without pressure with a grains size around 4 um to yield a good piezoelectric
property of d33~126 pm/V and dielectric constant around 500.
263
Resolving Components of the Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623
P-PHYS-77
RACHAEL KRATZER
Physics
SDSS J1029+2623, a lensed quasar system comprised of three images at zs = 2.197, is the largest
separation lensed quasar currently known with 22.5’ between two of the images. The observed optical
flux ratios between these three images and the predicted optical flux ratio relationships from ‘naked
cusp’ lens models disagree, making it difficult to predict the mass distribution responsible for this
lensing. By using radio data obtained with the VLA in its A configuration over ten hours, we hope
to resolve two of the lensed images and find radio flux ratios that correspond with established lens
models. If prediction and observation still disagree, the high-resolution radio imaging will still be critical
to determining the mass distribution responsible for this lensing.
Structural Identification using a Multiple Model Approach to Inform
Infrastructure Decision-making
P-PHYS-78
JEFF WEIDNER
Structural Identification (St-ID) is a process through which a simulation model is calibrated to behave
similarly to an actual structure by comparison with experimental data. The application of St-ID has the
potential to greatly aid infrastructure decision-making using a performance-based approach. However,
the current methodology of St-ID does not account for vulnerability or risk in a structure, nor does
it address the issue of multiple solutions of calibrated models. The author proposes a more robust
alternative approach to the calibration process which aims to develop a large population of simulation
models with variable parameters. The results of these models will be used to develop histograms of
critical responses using a Bayesian probabilistic approach that incorporates experimental data. These
histograms, in turn, can be used to quantify the vulnerability and risk associated with any given
parameter for the structure of interest. The Bayesian process also identifies the most likely model(s)
which can be utilized to run future simulations as previously mentioned. However, any predictions
based on the model(s) selected from a Multiple Model approach are predicated on the knowledge of
the vulnerability and risk of the structure from a performance-based viewpoint. This information is
invaluable to infrastructure owners in the decision-making process.
Anisotropic Stress-Strain Response and Microstructure Evolution in
Magnesium Alloy AZ31
P-PHYS-81
AMANDA LEVINSON
PHYS
Marko Knezevic, Ryan Harris, Raja K. Mishra, Roger D. Doherty, Surya R. Kalidindi
Due to their light weight and high specific strength, magnesium alloys are being increasingly evaluated
for applications in the automotive industry. Cast magnesium alloys are already being utilized. Although
wrought magnesium alloys are expected to possess better mechanical properties, these have not been
employed due to their limited room temperature formability. Enhancing the formability of these
264
alloys requires a better understanding of their deformation mechanisms to large plastic strains. The
anisotropic stress-strain response was measured in simple compression and simple tension in different
sample directions on an annealed, highly textured AZ31 sheet. The microstructure evolution was
analyzed using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) based orientation image mapping (OIM). New
insights into the mechanical response of AZ31 were attained by correlating changes in the measured
strain-hardening rates in the different experiments to the corresponding microstructure evolution. A
hypothesis for explaining the different morphologies of the extension and contraction twins has been
postulated.
Fabrication of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Supramolecular
Nanostructures by Gas Phase Self-Assembly
P-PHYS-82
HONG WANG
Karen Xu, Haifeng Ji
Chemistry
In the past decades, supramolecular electronics have attracted attention for the fabrication of
molecular optical and electronic devices.1-3 Nanomaterials formed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), from 1D to 3D, are of great interest as promising candidates for supramolecular electronics
and other applications in future.4 However, preparations of most of the PAHs nanostructure require
assistant mediums5 or cumbersome chemical modification by the side chains4. Various parameters,
such as the solvents and side chains, will affect the properties of nanostructures, such as decreasing the
conductivity. Therefore, new methods are required for the properties optimization of PAHs materials. In
this abstract, we report the formation of PAHs 1D to 3D nanostructures by using gas phase self-assembly
(GPS) method. This is a novel and facile approach to self-assemble PAH nanostructures, which may find
wide applications in the electronic and energy fields.
Selective Detection of Heavy Metals via LSPR on Polymer
Thin Film Interfaces
P-PHYS-83
KEITH FAHNESTOCK
PHYS
Selective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions using a chitosan/gold
nanoparticles composite film was demonstrated. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was used
to measure the interface stability and detect the incorporation of chromium ions over time. The effects
of pH, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and various foreign ions such as trivalent chromium,
sodium, calcium, phosphate, sulfate and chloride on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium were
investigated.
265
Integration of iCVD Polymer Electrolytes in Quasi-Solid State Dye
Sensitized Solar Cells
P-PHYS-84
SIAMAK NEJATI
Quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
(PHEMA) as the polymer electrolyte that was synthesized via a novel initiated chemical vapor
deposition (iCVD) process. Ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte with propylene carbonate and
-butyrolactone as solvents was measured to be 0.05 mS/cm. Under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2 ),
the resulting photovoltaic devices yielded a short circuit photocurrent density of 5.2 mA/cm2, an open
circuit voltage of 0.64 V, and a fill factor of 0.69. This corresponded to an overall power conversion
efficiency of 2.29 %. The open circuit voltage of the cell incorporating the iCVD polymer was found to
be higher than that using a liquid electrolyte. This can be attributed to the suppression of back electron
transfer between the conduction band of the titanium oxide and the triiodide ion in the polymer
electrolyte matrix due to improved filling of the semiconductor mesopores using the iCVD process.
Sickle Hemoglobin Fiber Growth Rates Deduced Using Optical Channels
T-PHYS-2
ZENGHUI LIU
Alexey Aprelev, Mikhail Zakharov, Frank A. Ferrone
Physics
PHYS
Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) is a point mutant of normal HbA, and will polymerize at concentrations
above a well defined solubility. Polymerization occurs by a double nucleation mechanism in which
homogeneous nuclei form in solution following a stochastic delay, and heterogeneous nuclei form on
other polymers nucleated by either pathway. A fundamental element is the growth of individual fibers,
whose diameter (20 nm) precludes direct optical visualization. Fiber growth and depolymerization have
been measured by DIC microscopy, but the heterogeneous pathway makes it possible that bundles
rather than single fibers have been observed, in addition to certain technical problems that make
interpretation of the results less than simple. We have devised a method in which optical patterns
are projected on a COHbS solution by laser photolyis, which creates deoxyHbS that can polymerize
only in the illuminated area, easily allowing complex polymer structures to be created optically. In our
experiment, polymers first form in an incubation circle. From the circle, a line of deoxyHbS is optically
generated along which fibers can grow. Finally, a detection circle is illuminated and the connecting line
is extinguished. If a polymer has entered the detection circle, thanks to heterogeneous nucleation it will
fill the circle with easily observed polymers, otherwise the detection circle remains monomeric until, at
some much later time, homogeneous nucleation occurs. Thus we can measure the elongation of a fiber
too small to detect optically. Our preliminary results find growth rates greater than previously observed
by DIC microscopy. We can also measure the growth rate of bundles by observing a mass of fibers that
subsequently grow along the channel, and these grow at rates comparable to those determined by DIC
microscopy. Implications of the measurements and the method will be discussed.
266
Hydro Activated Nautical Survivor Locator
T-PHYS-4
SHAWN RACZ
In the maritime world the most dangerous and usually fatal event is a Person in Water (PIW). A PIW
event is usually caused by an accident on the ship’s deck, a downed pilot and crew, or sinking vessel
requiring the crew to abandon ship. In any case these are all life threatening events for the PIW’s.
Furthermore, the condition and state of mind of the PIW is rarely calm and collected. For example,
the PIW will often enter the water unconscious or will soon become unconscious due to hypothermia.
A PIW may be in a state of panic after realizing the extent of their situation when rescue is not
immediate. In each of these cases the PIW may not have the capacity to increase their chance of rescue.
Compounding the problem of search and rescue efforts is the very difficult task of spotting the PIW. In
many cases, the Search & Rescue (SAR) teams will pass by a PIW without noticing their presence in the
water. To correct this problem many boats or aircraft will carry a form of visual distress such as flares
or marking dyes. However, a PIW who is unconscious or in a state of panic may not have the capacity
to activate the visual distress beacon. The Hydro Activated Nautical Survivor Locator or HANSL will
merge visual distress signals along with autonomous activation and operation. The HANSL visual distress
device will use a dye know as fluorescein. When the red powder dye contacts with water it creates an
intense bright green fluorescent patch. This patch will spread over a very wide surface area making it a
very effective visual distress beacon. In addition, fluorescein will create very bright luminescence when
exposed to ultra violet light providing the HANSL device effective day and night capability. The HANSL
device will activate when immersed in water. It will release measured amounts of the fluorescent dye at
regular intervals. This will enable a PIW to maintain a constant visual indication of distress regardless of
the consciousness or state of mind of the PIW. The most significant challenges to the design of HANSL
are reliability, power drain, size, and ergonomics. The device will use a low-power PIC microcontroller
and immersion sensor to regulate the operation of the device’s release mechanism. The design uses
two constant force springs for the energy to eject the cartridge. This enables the device to use a power
supply only for the control and the release mechanism. The low-power microcontroller draws such a
low current that the device should function in a hibernation state for at least a year before requiring a
recharge. Overall size of the device is governed by the amount of effective visual distress time desired.
The current design allows for 2 to 3 hours of a fluorescein dye patch. Finally, the ergonomics of HANSL
must be considered. A cylindrical tube with the dye cartridges encapsulated in the bore of the tube
was selected in order to provide a wearable profile. The cylindrical shape allows for easy modification
of the effective visual distress time by removing the stacked cartridges and shortening the tube. In
addition, the tube can be worn in the same way as a backpack at the center of a mariner’s back. These
considerations and design profile will yield an effective and manufacture able visual distress signal.
PCI ExpressCard Cooling
E-PHYS-1
DANIEL PELLEGRINO
PCI Express (PCIe) technology is rapidly becoming the standard for peripheral computer
communications. The introduction of the PCI Express standard in computing has opened the way for
faster computing by eliminating the bus structure and replacing it with a serial link point-to-point
communication system. This allows faster processing because multiple devices can communicate at the
same time instead of a single device tying up the whole bus. A major problem with PCIe technology
for laptop computers is that the standard provides more power to the card that it can readily dissipate
internally, limiting the usefulness of PCIe in high-power applications such as FPGAs or microprocessors.
Standard passive heatsink technology is only capable of dissipating an additional few watts. This paper
267
PHYS
presents a new active cooling technique that will allow PCIe to take full advantage of the available
power. The technique is based on micro-fans used in palm technology. A number of cooling designs
were developed, modeled, and optimized using FloWorks’ software. After selecting the best way to
cool our card we developed a prototype to test our design and verify the simulations. By using these
specialized fans and conducting tests on our prototype we were able to reach and exceed our goal of
dissipating 6 watts of power externally with the case temperature not exceeding 45’C.
Conductive Polymer Used in Fabrication of Flexible WIFI Antennas
E-PHYS-2
ELIZABETH PLOWMAN
The use of the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS is explored in the fabrication and implementation of WIFI
antennas. Two different fabrication methods are utilized; inkjet printing, and a screen printing method.
Several?characteristics of the polymer, including film thickness, sheet?resistance, and surface uniformity
are tested and compared to determine the effect of the fabrication methods on the performance of
the antennas. The antennas are then connected to a laptop WIFI card and data is sent across a wireless
network from another laptop to demonstrate the use of conductive polymers in the fabrication of
radiating antennas.
Characterization of Fatigue Crack Threshold in High-Cycle
Fatigue Applications
E-PHYS-3
CHRIS SWIN
PHYS
Aircraft propeller blades operate in a high-cycle fatigue (HCF) environment accumulating a large
number of fatigue cycles in a short period of time. Due to HCF, stable fatigue crack growth is of
relatively short duration. For practical damage tolerance applications, it is desirable to operate propeller
blades below the threshold region of fatigue crack growth. Traditional damage tolerance analysis use
near-threshold fatigue crack growth data from long cracks, obtained mostly from compact-tension
and middle-tension test specimens. However, in the case of aircraft propeller blades, the primary
concern is the damage tolerance of small surface flaws. Therefore, this research program focuses on
near threshold fatigue crack growth of small, thumbnail-like, surface flaws in 7075-T7351 aluminum
and in D6AC steel, used in aircraft propeller blades. Of interest is the effect of compressive residual
stresses at the outer surface of the specimens, introduced by shot-peening, on the near threshold
fatigue crack growth behavior of small surface flaws. To simulate the effect of small surface flaws (such
as initial manufacturing flaw, in-service mechanical damage, and in-service corrosion damage), small
0.015-inch-radius semicircular surface flaws were introduced. A relatively new machining technique
was used to produce these Laser-Generated Crack-Like Features (LGCLF). Crack initiation threshold was
determined during fatigue precracking. The Direct Current Potential Difference (DCPD) method was
used to monitor the subsequent fatigue crack growth. Optical measurements of crack growth at the
outer surface were recorded periodically during the fatigue loading to confirm the DCPD results. The
load-shedding method was employed to obtain the crack arrest threshold fatigue crack growth region.
This presentation reports the initial results obtained with several as-received and shot-peened 7075T7351 aluminum specimens tested using R-ratios of 0.1 and 0.7. The fatigue precracking and subsequent
load-shedding test procedures were successfully applied to obtain near-threshold fatigue crack growth
region and the arrest threshold stress-intensity factor range for the as-received specimens. However,
crack initiation from the laser-machined flaws was not accomplished during fatigue precracking in the
268
shot-peened specimens. The depth of the compressive residual stress region from the shot-peening was
greater than the depth of the surface flaw and was effective in retarding crack initiation. Results from
this study will provide the data to support guidelines for damage tolerance of rotorcraft and aircraft
materials.
Quantitative X-ray Microtomography to Establish Structure-Property
Linkages in Complex Materials
E-PHYS-4
DAVID TURNER
Amalie E. Oroho, Philipp M. Hunger, Christopher Stanislawczyk, Thao Vi Le, Benjamin Riblett, Michael Wang,
Jenell R. Smith, Ulrike G.K. Wegst
Biological materials have been optimized for the multiple functions which they have to perform
simultaneously and during their lifetime. The result is a combination of properties in materials such as
wood, shell and bone that are unmatched by synthetic ones. Closer inspection of biological materials
reveals that their excellent mechanical performance is due to a microstructure that is extremely complex
and exhibits structural hierarchies, anisotropies and heterogeneities, spanning several length scales. It is
this structural complexity which poses the greatest challenge in biomimetic design because this strategy
of optimization of biological materials and structures aims is very difficult to emulate. Currently lacking
are unique descriptions of structural features, which go well beyond the frequently used volume
fraction based metrics such as pore size distribution and more advanced homogenization relationships
than simple rule-of-mixtures bounds. To this end, we present a mathematically rigorous description of
internal structure, based on a hierarchy of higher-order statistical functions (n-point correlations). In
particular, we will demonstrate the utility of 2-point correlation functions in characterizing the inherent
variability in a materials structure and properties, generating representational volume elements and
quantification of the similarities or differences between materials and samples on a range of biological
materials. This approach is applied to datasets generated by X-ray microtomography (ESRF, Grenoble,
France), that was first subjected to an edge-preserving smoothing technique and segmented using
“converging active contours”, both developed at the Australian National University, Canberra.
A Platform for Expanding Creative Opportunities for Musicians
and Non-Musicians
E-PHYS-6
JUSTIN TALLENT
Over the past decade, improvements in computer and processing technologies have led to the
emergence of exciting opportunities for applications in digital entertainment. In spite of these
advances, such as the proliferation of portable media players (iPods, etc.), the act of listening to
recorded music remains a passive experience; no matter how many times a song is listened to, the music
will never change. We are pursuing the development of a novel platform that provides consumers
with a music listening experience in which recorded music becomes more interactive and dynamic.
Our system is built upon Apple’s iPhone and iPod Touch platform in order to leverage the popularity,
portability, and software development friendliness of these devices. We also propose a new model
for recorded music distribution in which multi-track content is distributed and characterized through
different sets of parameters or “recipes”. These parameters are used in signal processing algorithms,
269
PHYS
Russell Fellman, Arjuna’Navaratna, Gabriele Palmas
or the manipulation of parameters, data and audio signals, to affect different mixes or visions of the
raw music tracks. Thus, as the parameters are altered, the processing of the music signals is modified
to change the output mix of a song. As a result, the song will be mixed according to the instructions
contained in the parametric data. Our project aims to provide the user with a simple and intuitive
interface to alter the mix, offering a basic level of musical expressivity. Our ultimate goal is to provide
utility to the community of musicians and producers while providing consumers with a novel music
listening experience. As the state-of-the-art in media technologies continue to progress, many
opportunities will present themselves for future research in this area. One potential opportunity is in
the development of techniques to remix recorded music, not only through pre-defined parameterized
signal processing, but automatically. Through this research, consumers will eventually be able to modify
the mix of a song to match the emotional response desired by the listener.
Nanoscale Carbon Probes for Single Cell Interrogation
S-PHYS-1
RIJU SINGHAL
Sayan Bhattacharyya, Gary Friedman, Yury Gogotsi
PHYS
Cellular and sub-cellular interrogation requires tools that have sub-micron diameters and can penetrate
the cell membrane easily, cause minimal harm to the intracellular environment, and effectively carry
out a specific operation. In the past, such studies have been attempted by means of glass pipettes
of sufficiently small dimensions. However, these pipettes suffer from low mechanical strength and
brittleness of glass. Therefore, they had limited success in cellular probing. Meanwhile, carbon
nanotubes have found numerous applications where superior electrical and mechanical properties
were desired. Moreover, the chemically inert nature of carbon under a large range of experimental
conditions makes it a suitable candidate for biomedical applications. Here we demonstrate pipettes
with tips of carbon having diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. Magnetic carbon
nanotubes have been attached to the tips of glass pipettes by magnetophoresis to yield carbon
nanotube-tipped pipettes. Nanotubes of different diameters can be utilized for this purpose to yield
pipettes of desired diameters and strength. An alternative fabrication method involves chemical vapor
deposition of carbon of desired thicknesses on glass pipettes. These are then post processed in a variety
of ways to yield carbon-tipped nanopipettes. The synthesis parameters in each fabrication method have
been varied to yield a large variety of nanopipettes useful for cell injection and intracellular sensing.
270
271
PHYS
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Abramovitz
Sarah
P-CLIN-22
The Trends in Artwork of Individuals with Alzheimer’s
Disease
Agnani
Deep
P-CBIO-7
Global optimization of the elementary kinetic rate
constants for P-glycoprotein mediated transport across
MDCK II - hMDR1 confluent cell monolayers: Concordance between experimental fits and the fitting of
model data
Agster
Kara
P-BIO-136
The effects of methylphenidate on sensory signal processing in the rodent lateral geniculate nucleus.
Aiamkitsumrit
Benjamas
P-BIO-131
Characterization of HIV-1 genetic variation within the
long terminal repeat and envelope sequences within
the DrexelMed HIV/AIDS patient cohort
Akagha
Stephanie
P-CAD-9
Wearable Art
Alaro
James R.
P-BIO-110
Expression and Localization of Plasmodium falciparum
Merozoite Surface Protein 8 in blood stage Malaria
Parasites
Alemi
Golnaz
P-CLIN-36
Simultaneous Occurrence of Hip Pathology and Athletic
Pubalgia
Alessi
Maria
P-PHYS-37
Alkaline Transition of Cytochrome C Probes by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Allen
Warren
P-HUMN-50
The Construction of Knowledge across Online Communities of Interest
Almasri
Nihad Ali
P-CLIN-7
Needs of Families of Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy:Effects of Age and Gross Motor Function of
Children
Alnoor
Zainab
P-CLIN-35
Hydatid cysts case presentation
Andrews
Allison M.
P-BIO-141
A device for measurement of shear-stress induced nitric
oxide production from endothelial cells in vitro
Angelo
Joseph
P-COMP-6
An approach to modeling interlocked macromolecular
complexes
Anne
Padma
P-CLIN-51
Gaint Adrenal Myelolipoma
Anne
Padma
P-CLIN-53
Inflammatory pseudotumor in cervical spine
Arjunan
Krishna Priya
T-BIO-5
Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus spores in
water by ultraviolet radiation produced by a pulsed
spark plasma discharge
Athenikos
Sofia J.
P-HUMN-5
WikiPhiloSofia (and PanAnthropon): Visualization of
Facts, Relations, and Networks Concerning Philosophers
(and Artists, Scholars, and Scientists) Using Knowledge
Extracted from Wikipedia
Au
Giang
P-BIO-124
Non-Heavy Metal ZnSe Quantum Dots Synthesis Optimization and Surface Modification for In-vivo Imaging
Application and Disease Diagnostic
Ayaz
Hasan
E-BIO-9
Assessment of Cognitive Neural Correlates for a Functional Near Infrared-based Brain Computer Interface
System
Bahamondes
Carlos Octavio P-PHYS-26
Synthesizing Carbon Nanotube Monolayered Film with
Polymer Mediated Spacing via Langmuir-Blodgett Technique
Bai
Linge
Calculating Center of Mass in an Unbounded 2D Environment
272
P-COMP-11
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Bandi
Subramanya
P-BIO-13
Pilot Error: an Endotracheal Cuff Leak
Banerjee
Protima
P-COMP-8
Language Modeling Approaches for Question Answering
Barouh
Adam D.
P-CLIN-19
Educational Opportunities in a Pediatric Emergency
Department: Parental Attitude and Perceptions of CPR
Basile
Emily
P-BIO-69
Unique polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) pattern
in Diamondback Terrapins of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey
Bell
Monique L.
P-BUSN-5
The Effects of Spokesperson Accent on Attitude toward
Advertising and Brand: A Hedonic Versus Utilitarian
Perspective
Bernui
Mariana
P-BIO-70
Effect of N-acetylcysteine and STIMAL® on Bacillus anthracis Spore and Spore-Phagocyte Interactions
Bhatt
Jay
P-EDU-9
Greening of Drexel Libraries: Supporting Drexel Green
Initiative
Biely
Scott A.
P-CLIN-20
Improvement in Patterns of Trunk Movement in a Patient with Low Back Pain
Birnkrant
Michael
P-PHYS-1
Nanomanufacturing in a volume of material
Boesteanu
Alina
P-BIO-49
Role of PI3K isoform p110delta in influenza virus induced pathology
Bokunewicz
Jane F.
P-BUSN-22
Casino of the Future
Bonacquisti
Alexa
P-HUMN-8
Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Pregnancy
Intention, HIV Risk Reduction and Psychological Distress
Bongiovanni
Jessica
P-PHYS-13
Finding Catalysts to Hydrolyze Phosphotriesters: Breaking Down Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents
Boorman
David
P-BIO-94
Microarray differential gene expression analysis of aging in human hepatic tissue.
Bose
Ranjita K.
P-BIO-137
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) of Hydrogel
Films: Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility
Botta
Gregory P.
E-BIO-10
Novel, Real-Time Bioreactor Platform for Cellular Engineering, Tissue Regeneration, and High-Throughput
Drug Discovery & Efficacy Testing
Botta
Gregory P.
P-BIO-133
Increasing Tumor Extracellular Matrix Elasticity Induces
Reactive Oxygen Species in Normal or Transformed
Pancreatic & Breast Epithelial Cells?
Boufidis
Vasileios
P-HUMN-11
A Structured Literature Review of Drug Courts: Background and Future Research
Brenner
Eric
P-PHYS-65
Hyaluronic Acid and Alginate characterization for pure
nanofiber production
Brownlie
Lynn
T-CAD-4
Senior Thesis
Buyukhatipoglu
Kivilcim
P-BIO-43
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles in Biology and
Medicine: Synthesis, Biocompatibility Studies and Tissue
Engineering Applications
Cackowski
Denise
P-CLIN-13
Fortification of Foods Using Omega-3 Polyunsaturated
Fatty Acids (PUFA)
Caden
Erica
P-PHYS-22
Resistors, Capacitors, and OpAmps: Oh My!
Candido
Jacqueline
P-EDU-4
Visual Impairment in a Visual Medium
Carr
M. Eric
P-COMP-41
Optimizing Parallelization of Complex Signal-Processing Algorithms to Minimize Power Consumption
273
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Cernetich-Ott
Amy
P-BIO-28
Identification of Plasmodium yoelii 17X-encoded RBC
surface proteins that mediate adherence of infected
reticulocytes to a murine endothelial cell line
Chadha
Reewanshu
P-PHYS-6
Test and Analysis of Adhesive Bonded Repairs to Fuselage Structure
Chadwick
Preston
P-CLIN-32
Recurrent Keloid Treatment: A Case Report
Chaijale
Nayla
P-BIO-169
Differential G-Protein Coupling At Kappa-Opioid (Kopr)
Subtypes In The Nucleus Accumbens (Nac) And The
Parabrachial Nucleus (Pbn)
Chang
Robert
P-BIO-138
Bioprinting Cell-Laden Tissue Constructs as an In Vitro
Model of Drug Metabolism
Chang
Hui-Ju
P-CLIN-26
Child Engagement in Daily Life among Young Children
with Cerebral Palsy
Chen
Tianxu
P-BUSN-18
Firms’ Strategic Choice in Standards War: a historical
analysis of 78 cases
Chen
Xin
P-COMP-40
Learning Scientific Topics from Biomedical Figures in
Online Journals
Chen
Xi
P-PHYS-74
Hierarchical Structure on Nanofiber via Combination of
Electrospinning and Polymer Crystallization
Chinta
Sai Vamsidhar P-PHYS-17
4X4 Space-Time Codes for Free Space Optical Interconnects
Chohan
Omar
P-BIO-48
Demonstration of Drug-like Effects with Chocolate
Choi
Namyoun
P-COMP-38
Schema matching for aligning math educational standards using MP (materialization pattern) model
Chu
Richard
P-BIO-158
Effects of Low Dose Methylphenidate on Rodent Performance in the Attentional Set Shifting Task
Cochran
Michael
P-BIO-128
Optimization of Ultrasound Parameters to Enhance
Sonoporation Efficiency
Cohn
Daran
P-HUMN-9
Pilot Study: Teens, Sex and the Internet
Coleman
Claire Marie
P-BIO-61
The Mating System and Dispersal of the Diamondback
Terrapin in Relation to Habitat Fragmentation in the
Barnegat Bay Estuary New Jersey
Comunale
Amanda
E-BUSN-1
You Are Who You Wear
Cook
Anna
P-BIO-55
Regulation of Neuronal ADAM17 by the Chemokine
SDF/CXCL12 and its Role in Fractalkine/CX3CL1 Cleavage
Cooper
Moogega
E-BIO-1
Investigation of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
Sterilization Capability on Gram Negative Bacteria
Cooper
Moogega
P-PHYS-42
Observations of Filament Behavior and Plasma Uniformity in Continuous and Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Corcoran
Megan
P-CAD-13
From Drexel Walls to Beyond: Community Outreach at
it’s Finest
Costa
Luciana
P-BUSN-17
Hospital competition and the provision of uncompensated care
Cotroneo
Laurie
P-BIO-81
Conservation Genetics of the American Crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
Coyle
Jared P.
P-PHYS-68
Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Analysis for Quality Control of Electro-optic Thin Films
274
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Cronin
Drew T.
P-BIO-165
Conservation Status Of Monkeys On Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, One Year After A Presidential Decree
Banning The Hunting Of Primates
Cronin
Randall
P-PHYS-40
In Ground Trilateration for Determining the Positions
of the Sensor Mote Network with a Fixed But Unknown
Topology
Cross
Daniel J.
P-PHYS-28
Representation theory for strange attractors
Crowe
Sarah E.
P-BIO-83
Repetitive 2-Photon imaging fo transgenic fluorescent
mice in vivo
CrozierFitzgerald
Catena
P-HUMN-34
The Myths, Legends, and Sicilian Culture
Cunningham
Margaret M.
P-BIO-163
The Conservation Status Of Duikers On Bioko Island,
D’Ambrosio
Julia
P-BIO-164
Osteoblasts Modulate Ca2+ Signaling In Prostate And
Breast Cancer Cells With Bone-Metastatic Potential
Dadachanji
Cyrus
P-CLIN-9
The Effect of Immunosupression on Lower Extremity
Arterial Bypass Outcomes
Damon
Edward
P-PHYS-19
Photomultiplier Tubes: Calibration and Neutrino Physics
Applications
Darcey
Valerie L.
P-HUMN-44
GIS Mapping of Retail Food Access to Assess Risks for
Chronic and Acute Illness in Populations of Different
Poverty Levels
Dash
Lee
E-CAD-6
Multi-Touch Platform for Interaction with Archaeological Artifacts & Information
Daugherty
Larry C.
P-CLIN-17
Amyloidoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Day
Emily Ruth
P-COMP-13
Utilizing United States Coast Guard (USCG) data to
calculate incidence rates and identify risk-factors for occupational fishing injuries in New Jersey.
Deb
Sanghamitra
P-PHYS-51
Particle Based Lensing
Delaine
David A.
P-PHYS-62
Proof of Concept: Radiometric Generator
Demirkan
Taha
P-COMP-17
Thermodynamic Simulation of Synthesis of Carbide
Derived Carbon
Di Maio
Alessandro
P-BIO-103
In vivo imaging of sensory axons regenerating from
PNS to CNS
Dianat
Pouya
P-PHYS-34
Analysis of a Direct Terahertz Radiation Detector Device Utilizing Quantum-well Schottky-Contact interface
Diemel
Douglas
P-PHYS-9
Electronically Movable Shower Head
DiGiovanni
Kim
P-PHYS-5
Water quality analysis on an urban rainwater harvesting system
DiMartino
Joseph
P-EDU-1
A Nursing Intervention Database: An Innovative approach to eICU Outcomes
Dimitrova
Boryana V.
P-BUSN-19
Standardization versus Adaptation in Central and Eastern Europe:Opportunities and Pitfalls After European
Union Accession
Diperstein
David
S-CAD-2
Alumni Profile: Anthony Bracali and Paines Park
DiRenzo
Marco S.
P-BUSN-10
A Moderated Mediation Model of E-mentoring
275
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
DiSandro
Theresa M.
P-CLIN-41
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is the Preferred Mode of Enteral Feeding in Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS)
DiStefano
Ginnene
P-BIO-4
Characterization of a novel Drosophila model of FRAXE
hereditary mental retardation.
Dobrynin
Danil
E-BIO-2
Toxicity of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment of Living Tissue
Dobrynin
Danil
E-BIO-3
BioMedical Applications of Low Temperature Plasmas
Dobrynin
Danil
E-BIO-4
Elimination of Bacillus Spores using Dielectric Barrier
Discharge Plasma
Dobrynin
Danil
E-BIO-5
Physical Mechanisms of Low Temperature Plasmas Sterilization of Surfaces
Dobrynin
Danil
E-BIO-6
Spark Discharge Plasma Treatment of Mice Colitis
Model
Doll
Travis M.
E-COMP-8
Hide & Speak: An Online Game for K-12 Education and
Psychoacoustic Data Collection
Dominy
Peggy
P-EDU-5
Optimizing Intellectual Workflow: Which Collaborative
Platform Works for You?
Doshi
Viren
P-BIO-108
Inactivation of the lrrA Gene in Synechococcus elongatus by Means of Insertional Mutagenesis
Dougherty
John
P-BIO-17
Pharmacological characterization of serotonin receptors in mice
Ehrhart
Leela G.
P-HUMN-43
Characteristics of Diurnal Cerebral Blood Flow: an fNIRS
Case Study
Eisele
Eric
P-PHYS-12
Low Solar Gain Coatings Incorporating Glass Hollow
Microspheres
Eisenbrey
John R.
P-CLIN-12
Delivery of Encapsulated Doxorubicin for Sustained
Intratumoral Release by Localized Size Reduction of
Polymeric Ultrasound Contrast Agents
El-Kerdi
Ali
P-BIO-171
Reliability Of Trunk Postural Control Parameters In
Unstable Sitting
Erthal
Joe
T-BIO-4
Probing Elastic Modulus and Depth of a Two Layer Human Skin Model with Piezoelectric Cantilevers
Erwin
A. Carter
P-CBIO-14
Vectorization of a Direct-Fit Approach to Solving the
Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic Model for Soft Tissues
Eyiyurekli
Manolya
E-COMP-6
Interactive Free-Form Level-Set Surface-Editing Operators
Fahnestock
Keith
P-PHYS-83
Selective detection of heavy metals via LSPR on polymer thin film interfaces
Falck
Sunshine
P-EDU-3
Educating Ureca’s Younger Generation in Sea Turtle
Biology and Conservation on Bioko Island, Equatorial
Guinea, Africa.
Falkowski
Danielle
P-BIO-57
Regulation of caldesmon phosphorylation: Insight into
thin filament regulation of vascular smooth muscle
contraction
Feng
Shan
P-BUSN-21
The Effects of Evaluation Context and Prior Knowledge
on Consumers’ Product Quality Evaluations
276
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
FernandezVina
Marcelo H.
P-HUMN-49
Integration Of Hiv, Std, Tuberculosis, And Hepatitis
Programs In Philadelphia: Identifying The Necessary
Elements Towards Successful Program Integration, And
How To Sustain A Working Integration Effort
Ferrier, Jr.
Robert C.
P-PHYS-72
Janus Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Architectures,
and Applications
Ferrucci
Adriano
P-BIO-129
Differential pattern of HIV-1 Vpr intracellular localization may be associated with the mechanism of Vpr
secretion in specific cell populations
Figueroa
Dannielle
Solomon
P-BIO-170
A Cell Stretching System To Measure Endothelial Cell
Cyclic Strain Response On Spatially Defined Basement
Membrane
Figueroa
Manuel
P-PHYS-29
Tunable nano-particle fractal clusters for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates
Filippova
Olga
P-BIO-95
Novel Temperature-Controlled Printing System for
the Solid Freeform Fabrication of Cell-Laden Matrigel
Constructs
Fisher
Brandon
P-CLIN-18
Breast Cancer Metastasis: A novel case report and
dosimetric analysis of sternal manubrium involvement
after definitive mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
Flint
Robert
P-BIO-157
Populations of cortical infragranular neurons encode
for multiple dimensions of movement during a skilled
hindlimb reaching task
Fortunato
Stephanie
T-CAD-5
Novel Notions
Foster
Michael
P-COMP-4
A New Empirically Corrected AM1 Method For Noncovalent Interactions
Fox
Anna
P-COMP-35
Modeling and Simulation of Holographically Formed
Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Photomask Transmission
Fragala
Nicole
P-HUMN-4
Applications for a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA):
Physical Therapist’s Neurological Screening Tools and
Interactive Performance-Oriented Assessment Tool.
Francis
Nicola
P-BIO-106
Enzyme immobilization in alginate through bioconjugation techniques
Freedman
Kevin J.
P-CBIO-18
A Novel Multi-Measurement Support Vector Machine
Algorithm For Seizure Detection
Frohbergh
Michael
P-BIO-149
Mineralized, Crosslinked Chitosan Fibers as a Potential
For Bone Substitute
Funaro
Colin
P-BIO-132
Molecular Techniques to Investigate Bacterial Diversity
Within the Army Ants
Galgon
Anne K.
P-CLIN-25
Using MARP, DP and PRP to Measure Postural Coordination
Gallinetti
Jordan
P-BIO-121
The OrfG Gene Regulates Cell Growth in Synechococcus
elongatus
Galwaduge
Thilanka Gali
P-PHYS-69
Undergraduate Research Projects reducing RF and Microwave noise in a Quantum Computing Experiment
Ganesan
Suresh M.
P-BIO-172
Is Malate: Quinone Oxidoreductase An Essential Mitochondrial Dehydrogenase In Blood Stage Malaria
Parasites?
277
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Gao
Xiaotong
P-PHYS-70
Effect of Piezoelectric/Nonpiezoelectric Length Ratio on
the Power Generation Performance of a Piezoelectric
Unimorph Cantilever Vibration Energy Harvester
Garabedian
Mikael
P-BIO-146
The role of double bromodomain proteins Bdf1 and
Bdf2 in preservation of genomic integrity during DNA
synthesis
Garbarin
Elaine
P-CBIO-3
Feature Selection for Genome Classification
Giampapa
Michael P.
P-BIO-60
Developing tools for studies of evolution and symbiosis between Drosophila species and their Wolbachia
symbionts
Giddings
Amy
P-BUSN-26
Coaching the Competitive Women’s Collegiate Athletic
Team- Required Elements from the Head Coach
Giddings
Amy
P-EDU-11
The Ultimate in Flexibility: Student-Athletes as Online
Learners
Gopinath
Rupa
P-PHYS-43
Numerical Modeling of Fiber Optic Hydrophone Sensors
Gordon
Rochelle
P-CAD-17
Learning Process Through Materials Exploration
Gordon
Mary Gallagher
P-HUMN-30
Key Decision Points In Emergency Medical Care
Graham
Drew A.
P-BIO-62
A pin-to-hole spark discharge plasma generates nitric
oxide and can be safely applied to an endothelial cell
monolayer
Grasse
Dane
P-CBIO-5
A Bias Correction for Spike Field Coherence Estimation
Green
Minda A.
P-CLIN-34
Single Port Access (SPA) Surgery: 30 Case Applications
in Gynecologic Oncology
Green
Meadow
E-HUMN-1
“Ay me”: Constructing Meaning for Shakespeare’s
Interjection
Gunawardena Sidath
P-COMP-27
Recommending Collaborators
Guo
Lifan
P-COMP-21
Clustering analysis of information library courses
Gupta
Archana
P-BIO-91
FL-J6/JFH Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) replicon-derived particles are able to infect and replicate in primary human
monocyte-derived macrophages
Gutsol
Kirill
P-PHYS-49
Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Dissociation Mechanism in
Plasma
Haber
Melanie R.
P-CLIN-54
Mobilizing Identity Formation as a Psychotherapist: An
Artistic Heuristic Inquiry with Dance/Movement
Hall
Josh
P-BUSN-11
The Rate of Technological Progress, Effective Human
Capital and the Dynamics of Income Inequality: An
Empirical Analysis
Hamid
Qudus
P-BIO-6
Electrospinning Of Biopolymer Fibers With Living Cells
Hamilton
Richard
S-CAD-1
Chief
Hamzavi
Brian
P-CLIN-16
Urine Iodide Excretion: A New Breast Cancer Screening
Test in Pre Menopausal Women
Han
Jingjia
P-BIO-151
Co-electrospun Blends of PLGA, Gelatin and Elastin as
non-thrombogenic Scaffolds for Vascular Grafts
Hansberry
David R.
P-BIO-173
Identification Of Binding Interactions Between Myeloperoxidase And Its Antibody Using Surface Enhanched
Raman Spectroscopy
Hanzlik
Josa
P-BIO-147
3-D Model Breast Tumor Imaging, Location, and Sizing
using Array Piezoelectric Fingers
278
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Heneghan
Allison
P-HUMN-31
The Creation of an Altered Book for Burnout Reduction
in Emergency Room Personnel: A mixed method pilot
study
Hildenbrand
Aimee
P-HUMN-10
Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Account for Variance
in Safety-related Behaviors among a Sample of College
Students with Insomnia
Hoac
Jimmy
P-COMP-44
West Philadelphia Hyrbid X Prize Car
Holcomb
April
P-PHYS-2
Optimization of a Modified Aerospray Deposition
Device for the Preparation of Samples for Quantitative
Analysis by MALDI TOFMS
Holloway
Julianne
P-BIO-7
Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Based Composites for Use as a Replacement Meniscus
Hong
Tao
P-COMP-30
Identifiability analysis for indoor air fate and transport
model of Bacillus anthracis
Hood
Matthew
P-PHYS-18
Segmented polyurethanes containing carbon nanotube
nanohybrid shish kebabs
Hoppe
Travis
P-CBIO-1
Exhaustive Properties of Simple Lattice Peptides
Hott
Erin
P-CLIN-47
Bias in Choice of Antenatal Testing by Maternal Indication: A Prospective Observational Study
Hrybyk
Alex
E-COMP-3
Guitar Chord Transcription Using Video and Audio
Analysis of Live Performance
Huang
Liming
P-BUSN-28
Evaluation of the Effect of Trade Adjustment Assistance
Program on Trade-related displaced workers
Huang
Zhong
P-CBIO-4
Image Retrieval for Open Access PubMedCentral Archive
Huang
Yin
P-CBIO-6
Time-Dose-Response Model
Hubartt
Brad
P-CBIO-15
Replica Exchange Monte Carlo Techniques for Protein
Folding
Isaacs
Jessica
P-BIO-31
Toward a Model of Intervertebral Disc Herniation using
Normal and Degenerative Failure Criteria based on Annulus Fibrosus Laminar Micromechanics
Jacob
Julia
E-CAD-5
The Fragility of Memory
Jacob
Renata
P-HUMN-6
Identification of a Unique Food Safety Risk Associated with Retail Markets Serving Asian Populations in
America
Jamieson
Whitney
P-BIO-19
The interactions between the chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 contribute to the early
arrival of circulating cancer cells to the skeleton
Jenks
Steven
P-PHYS-67
Quantum Dot Solar Cell-Material Selection
Jhaveri
Sankhesh
P-CBIO-9
Optimization of a novel, high resolution, wide-field
optical microscopy system
Jimenez
Juan C.
P-COMP-42
Phase Shifting Transformer Model for Analog Computation
Johnson
Michael E.
P-BIO-114
A new Fks hotspot for echinocandin resistance in yeast:
genetic and topological analysis
Johnson
Rachel
P-BIO-143
The Prevalence of Aerosolized Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Philadelphia Homes
Jones
Kelly
P-CLIN-28
The Factor Structure of Semantic Knowledge
Jones
Douglas
P-COMP-16
Data Pump Architecture
279
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Jost
Kristy
T-CAD-1
Be the Technology: Audio
Jost
Kristy
T-CAD-2
Be the Technology: Video and Textile Developement
Joy
Parijat S.
T-CLIN-1
Post operative (post-op) renal dysfunction in patients
with pacemaker or defibrillator (device) infection undergoing lead extraction is associated with increased
morbidity and prolonged hospital stay.
Kalghatgi
Sameer
T-BIO-1
Induction of Apoptosis by Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of Melanoma Cancer Cells
Kalghatgi
Sameer
T-BIO-2
Mechanisms of Interaction of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma with
Mammalian Cells
Kalghatgi
Sameer
T-BIO-3
Low Dose Non-Thermal Plasma Enhances Endothelial
Cell Proliferation Through Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
Release
Kalicka
Ewa
P-CLIN-39
Misperceptions of campus drinking norms at Drexel
University
Kasliwal
Vishal
P-PHYS-55
Supervoids: An LSST Application
Keene
Diane M.
P-BIO-93
Histone Variant H2AX: A PutativeTumor Suppressor
Modeled in Three Dimensional Culture
Kemeny
Steven F.
P-BIO-15
Effect of high glucose on endothelial cells under shear
stress
Kemp
Kathleen
P-HUMN-7
Assessing and treating relational aggression in delinquent youth
Kendig
Derek M.
P-BIO-59
The Effect of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Myosin Light
Chain Phosphorylation and Force Generation in Bladder
Smooth Muscle
Kennerly
Sam
P-PHYS-25
Geometric Phase in Qubit Systems
Keogan
Shawn
P-BIO-26
Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in monocytic
cells by the failed microbicide carrageenan results in
HIV-1 LTR expression
Khare
Ritu
P-COMP-3
2-Layered HMM for Search Interface Segmentation
Kiechel
Jonathan
P-PHYS-63
Rain Water Harvesting Testing
Kim
Tae Gyo
E-BIO-12
Braided Composite Microelectrodes for Multi-electrode
Recording and Stimulation
Kim
Won Yong
P-BUSN-3
Are Foreign Investors Really Beneficial? Evidence from
South Korea
King
W. Trevor
P-BIO-54
Effects of Cantilever Stiffness on Unfolding Force in
AFM Protein Unfolding
Kirsch
Nicholas J.
P-PHYS-31
Transparent Conductive Polymer Antennas for Wireless
Communications
Kizirian
Robin
P-EDU-6
Enhancement of Online Robotics Learning Using 3-D
Visualization Technology
Klinzing
Jerry
P-COMP-1
Temperature and density evolution during powder die
compaction
Knauff
Michael
P-COMP-26
Derivation and Validation of a valve regulate lead acid
(VRLA) battery model
Knudsen
Eric
P-BIO-160
Behavioral training following spinal cord injury promotes cortical reorganization
Ko
Elizabeth
P-CAD-11
Print Design for the Childrenswear Market
280
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Koc
Umit
P-BUSN-12
Percentage Asymmetries, Loss Aversion, and Evaluations of Partitioned Prices
Koka
Sagarika
P-HUMN-46
Case Management & Condom Use Among African
American HIV Positive Women
Kollias
Christina
P-BIO-65
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles
(VRPs) as a protective vaccine against lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice
Koya
Rachana
P-BIO-34
Bacterial Diversity in Drosophila simulans
Kranich
Kathleen
P-BIO-9
Leatherback turtle nesting ecology study on Bioko
Island, Equatorial Guinea, Africa.
Kratz
Louis
E-COMP-5
Anomaly Detection in Extremely Crowded Scenes using
Spatio-Temporal Motion Pattern Models
Kratzer
Rachael
P-PHYS-77
Resolving Components of the Lensed Quasar SDSS
J1029+2623
Kriegel
Alan
P-CAD-16
Signing a City
Kurman
Matthew
P-PHYS-56
New Methodology for Jet Fuel Surrogate Oxidation
and Intermediate Speciation in the Low Temperature
Regime
Kuruvilla
Teddy
P-BIO-36
Non-Invasive Assessment of Mitochondrial Disease in
Patients Using Buccal Swab.
LaBarca
David
P-CBIO-21
Pre-Attentive Encoding: A Mechanism for Sensory Gating
Lahiri
Sudipta
P-COMP-43
Dynamic Model Order Reduction for Shipboard Integrated Power Systems
Laibsirinon
Sirinart
P-CLIN-27
Leg stiffness in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP): a
methodological research
Lall
Alisha
P-BIO-134
The Discovery of Somatic Stem Cells in pou5f1-GFP
Transgenic Zebrafish Larvae
Lally
David
E-CAD-2
Pulse: Research in Music-Reactive Gaming
Lambert
Joey
P-PHYS-46
Investigating the presence of macroscopic quantum
metastable states in graphene-based Josephson junctions and other low temperature phenomena
Lane
Jamie
P-PHYS-73
Characterization of a Stabilized Cool Flame Reactor for
Laser Diagnostics Studies of Pre-Ignition Combustion
Lange
Jason
P-BIO-161
Chronic serotonin-1A-receptor agonist administration
in female marmoset monkeys: Impact on serotonergicspecific locomotion and neuroendocrine systems.
Lange
Robert
P-COMP-28
Refactoring the Threads out of Multithreaded Software
Lao
Taotao
P-BIO-142
OS-9 Is Part of a Protein Quality Control System Required for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
LaPoint
David
P-COMP-29
NBody simulations and Globular Clusters
Lashley
Katherine
E-HUMN-3
Emerging Shadows: Growing Up With An Older Autistic
Sister
Lee
Dong Heun
P-CLIN-11
Clinical Characteristics of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus versus those of Staphylococcus aureus in
Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Infections
Lee
Ki Jung
P-COMP-39
Topic map based information architecture for cybercrime research
281
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Lee
Choongkeun
P-COMP-45
The substitution effect on the charge mobility of metal
free phthalocyanine
Leigh
Randi
P-BIO-50
Chronic «Vaginitis» in Women Over 50: Analysis of a
Prospective Database
Leone, Jr.
Frank A.
P-PHYS-14
Modeling of Notch Tip Damage in Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Fuselage Curved Panels Subjected to
Combined Quasi-Static Loading
Lester
Lori
E-BIO-11
Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on the Behavior of the
Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin
terrapin)
Levinson
Amanda
P-PHYS-81
Anisotropic Stress-Strain Response and Microstructure
Evolution in Magnesium Alloy AZ31
Liao
Yi
P-BUSN-14
Inventory and Price Model under E-business Environment
Lin
Selena
P-BIO-52
Rapid and sensitive detection of HBV 1762T/1764A
double mutation from hepatocellular carcinomas using
LNA-mediated PCR clamping and hybridization probes
Lin
Leko
P-CLIN-52
Electrospun ‘Green’ Alimentary Protein Scaffolds For
Skin Tissue Engineering
Lin
Hanbing
P-CBIO-12
Pre-unfolding Oscillations of Green Fluorescent Proteins
Lin-Ju
Kang,
P-CLIN-14
Social and Community Participation Among Children
And Youth With Cerebral Palsy
Linganathan
Karthik
P-CLIN-50
Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Axial Flow Left
Ventricular Assist Device
Liu
Benjamin
P-CLIN-15
Prospective Cohort Study of Changes in Behaviors and
Outcomes in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Liu
Yupeng
P-COMP-31
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDMA Systems
Based on Averaging over Successive Blocks
Liu
Jingjing
P-CAD-18
When Romance Meets Nature
Liu
Xin
P-PHYS-45
Collision Resolution Based on Pulse Shape Diversity
Liu
Zenghui
T-PHYS-2
Sickle Hemoglobin Fiber Growth Rates Deduced Using
Optical Channels
Longenbach
Travis
P-PHYS-58
Structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of visible light active TiO2 sol-gel coatings on glass
Lorbeck
Meridith Toth
P-BIO-75
TIP60 histone acetyltransferase activity in development
Lozenski
Karissa
P-BIO-12
Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), when applied repeatedly, does not
cause cumulative damage to the murine cervicovaginal
epithelium
Lu
Caimei
P-COMP-34
Exploring the Tripartite Network Structure formed in
Social Tagging System
Lumen
Annie Albin
P-BIO-64
Evaluation of candidate functions for IC50 estimation
that better predicts the KI for membrane proteins using a confluent monolayer of MDCKII-hMDR1 cells and
mass action kinetic analysis.
Lykens
Nicole
P-BIO-76
Synergistic Effects of Myostatin Inhibition and Exon
Skipping Antisense Oligonuclotide Therapy in the mdx
Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Lynch
Meghan
E-BUSN-2
The Power of Conscience Consumption
282
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Ma
Shanshan
P-HUMN-12
Using Both Folders and Tags to Organize and Re-Find
Your Files?
MacDonald
Crissy
P-BIO-38
Oscillatory magnetic fields enhance transport of magnetic nanoparticles in viscous gel
MacDonald
Craig
P-CAD-8
Understanding Context, Informing Design: How Exemplars and Wireframes Can Help
Maceli
Monica
P-COMP-47
Third Wave HCI: Design in the «World»
Madsen
John
E-COMP-1
Development of a Bayesian Network Model Schema
that Builds on Existing FMECAs
Majji
Vasista Sridhar
T-COMP-1
Application of Modern Analog Computation to Analyze Perturbations in Power System Network
Malazita
Jim
E-HUMN-4
New Media Technologies in the Social Activist Setting
Malinowski
Brooke
P-BUSN-15
Furloughed vs. AWOL: When defection doesn’t mean
defected
Manomohan
Greeshma
P-BIO-39
A dielectrophoretic device for testing single cell mechanics
Manseta
Khushali
P-PHYS-59
Sensitivity Measurement of Fiber Optic Hydrophone
based on Fiber Sensor Coating Thickness
Manuel
Sharron
P-BIO-125
Priming of the Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response through dendritic cells: in Vitro and in Vivo
Mao
Xiang
P-CLIN-21
Semi-Automated Image Analysis of Wounds for Objective Clinical Assessment
Martin
Ayanna
P-CAD-2
Day to Night
Masceri
David
P-BIO-150
Novel system for the assessment of neurorobotic control after spinal cord injury in the rat
Massey
Christopher
P-CBIO-17
Effect of Aging and Degeneration on the Human Intervertebral Disc
Mazaleuskaya Liudmila L.
P-BIO-80
Toll-Like Receptor-mediated activation of NF-kappaB
and Coronaviruses
McArthur
Amanda
P-HUMN-17
A Literacy-Based Needs Assessment Analysis for Ells
with Interrupted Formal Education in Philadelphia
Schools
McCormick
Sean
P-CLIN-6
Life Stress, Social Problem Solving and Asthma
McCrudden
Courtney
P-BUSN-25
Marketing Collegiate Women›s Athletics
McGurty
Rory
P-COMP-32
Computational Modeling of Bohmian Mechanics
McPartland
Amanda
P-EDU-2
Fresh Paint Skate Shop and Park
Mearig
Dana
P-CAD-12
An Architectural Approach to Fashion
Measey
Thomas J.
P-BIO-20
Conformations, Aggregation, and Hydrogel formation
of an Alanine-based Oligopeptide in Aqueous Solution
Mednick
Rachel
P-BUSN-2
PartyKids
Mehta
Rupal
P-CLIN-3
Trunk Muscle Timing and Amplitude Differences in
Patients with Mechanical Low Back Pain during a SelfInitiated Perturbation
Meibalan
Elamaran
P-BIO-101
Identification of proteins on the surface of reticulocytes
infected with the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium
yoelii
Meiklejohn
Sarah D.
E-CAD-1
Waiting in Terminal B: An Exploration of Strangers’
Interactions in a Combined Setting.
283
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Meiselman
Seth
P-PHYS-10
Quantum Optics Study of E.I.T. Phenomena
Melicharek
David J.
P-BIO-100
Characterization of a novel Drosophila melanogaster
CHARGE syndrome model
Meng
Xu
P-BIO-145
Study of Intracranial Pressure Trends in Cerebral Disorders and Head Trauma
Meng
Lingchuan
P-COMP-25
Improved GMP Tuning
Merzagora
Anna C.
P-BIO-177
fNIR Study of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During EyesOpen and Eyes-Closed Conditions
Merzagora
Anna C.
P-BIO-45
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography: A Multimodal Imaging Approach
Methachan
Boriphat
P-BIO-89
Study of Gas Bubbles Stabilized by Surfactants for Use
as Ultrasound Contrast Agents and Drug Carriers
Migneco
Ray
E-COMP-7
Tone Bender: A Collaborative Activity for the Collection
and Evaluation of Musical Instrument Perception
Mikulski
Wendy
P-CLIN-24
CPAP Does Not Result in Improvement of Functional
Bowel Disorders in OSA Patients
Milliance
Prisca
P-CAD-7
Ski Suit 2020
Mirza
Khalid Baig
P-PHYS-54
Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
Mohapatra
Sakya
P-CLIN-49
Development of a Microcapillary Immunosensor for
Detection of Inflammation Markers
Mookiah
Prathaban
P-PHYS-36
A Magnetic Permeability Enhanced Metamaterial Substrate for Antenna Miniaturization
Morris
Vernice
E-HUMN-2
Racing Around the World
Musey
Anthony
P-BIO-159
Injectable Polyurethane for Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
Nagpal
Ankur
P-BIO-162
Synthesis Of Water Soluble Znse Quantum Dots For
Biomedical Imaging
Narayana
Shankar
P-CBIO-10
VEUSim : Development of GUI tools for training in endoscopic Ultrasound
Nash
Christina O.
P-HUMN-14
A Closer Examination of the Insomnia Narratives from
the ‘Clear Your Head Before Bed’ Study
Naughton
Robin A.
P-COMP-18
Identifying, evaluating and recommending digital collections: a social community approach
Navayazdani
Esfandiar
P-PHYS-48
Analysis and Applications of Subdivision Schemes in
Manifolds
Neidrauer
Michael
P-BIO-41
Quantitative Measurement of Wound Healing in Human Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Diffuse Near Infrared
Methodology
Nejati
Siamak
P-PHYS-84
Integration of iCVD Polymer Electrolytes in Quasi-Solid
State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Nemeth
Allison
P-BUSN-24
The New Debate Over Title IX Athletics: Where Are the
Female Coaches and Administrators?
Nguyen
(Maria)
Anhthi
E-CAD-4
Words Apart: The Underestimated Power of Parting
Words
Nguyen
Hai
P-HUMN-21
The Impact of Trade Liberization on Family Structures
and Traditions in Vietnam
284
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Nicholson
Shevon E.
P-BIO-123
The Effects of Acute MDMA Administration on SensoryEvoked Discharge in the Medial Geniculate Nucleus of
the Thalamus
Nicolai
Jaclyn
P-BIO-33
CXCL12 inhibits NMDA-induced Calcium Responses in
Cortical neurons and alters the expression of the NR2B
subunit.
Nogusa
Shoko
P-BIO-16
Decreased IL-15 Production and Impaired Natural Killer
Cell Activity in Influenza Infected C57BL/6 Aged Mice
Nonnenmann Stephen
P-PHYS-30
Finite Curvature-driven Giant Ferroelectric Response in
Coaxial Cylindrical Nanostructures
Nukuna
Adeline
P-CLIN-40
A Preliminary Study of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
at Drexel University College of Medicine (DuCOM)
Nwoga
Linda
P-HUMN-3
Predicting Violent Recidivism and Institutional Misconduct in Female Offenders: The Antisocial Features Scale
of the Personality Assessment Inventory
Nzegwu
Ifeanyi
P-HUMN-40
Factors affecting non-disclosure of HIV status among
HIV positive African American Women
O›Connor
Molly A.
P-PHYS-35
Preparation of some mono and dinuclear nickel and
copper complexes using novel ligands with N, S, and O
donors
Ojediran
Olujimisola
P-BIO-88
Associations between Physical Activity, Social Support
and Stress in a sample of African Americans from a
Community Based Academic Program
Okada
Jun
P-BUSN-13
Collective Bargaining Agreement within the NHL
Onwuemenyi
Kingsley
S-CAD-3
Alumni Profile: Amy Rees and Environmental Design
Ortiz
Madai
P-BIO-155
Interventional Radiology Procedures Utilized for Gynecologic Patients
Osipchuk
Mariya
P-BIO-35
The Conservation Status of Bioko Island Turtles in Equatorial Guinea, West Africa
Owens
Jacob R.
P-BIO-166
Conservation Status Of Monkeys In The Gran Caldera
De Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Palisano
Christina
P-CAD-6
Modern Architecture in Fashion
Pan
Danny
P-PHYS-47
Voids in the SDSS: Void Shapes
Parejko
John K.
P-PHYS-32
X-ray emitting galaxies in the SDSS
Parente
William
P-BIO-153
Viricidal Properties of Titanium Dioxide-Treated Masks
Park
Sin C.
P-CLIN-38
Cold Plasma Sterilization of Wounds and Burns
Park
Thomas H.
P-HUMN-15
Ad Hoc Toolkits in Web Design: Implications for Creativity Support Tools
Passic
Shendra
P-BIO-78
The CONRAD algorithm approach to evaluating candidate compounds as microbicides with anti-HIV-1 activity
Payne
Lisa
P-BIO-115
Coherent Oscillatory Networks Supporting Short-term
Memory Retention
Pearson
Steven
P-BIO-175
Resource Overlap And Potential Competition Between
Invasive Red-Eared Slider Turtles And Native Red-Bellied Turtles In Pennsylvania
Pelleg
Ben
P-PHYS-57
Polymer Liquid Crystal Slices for Switchable Broadband
Holographic Grating
Pellegrino
Donald
P-COMP-15
Overcoming Groupthink in Distributed Heterogeneous
Data Analysis
285
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Pellegrino
Daniel
E-PHYS-1
PCI ExpressCard Cooling
Pentecost
Amanda
P-PHYS-23
De-aggregation of Nanodiamond Powders Using SaltAssisted Milling
Perese
Gerald
P-PHYS-61
Hybrid Car Control System Design
Peterson
Eric
P-PHYS-41
A ‘Multiple Model Adaptive Control’ Case Study
Phelan
Dianne
P-BIO-58
Modeling L-selectin mediated attachment strength during embryo implantation
Phung
Jennifer
T-CLIN-2
Screening Antenatal Ultrasounds in Pregnancies Complicated by Obesity: Do Repeat Ultrasounds Improve
Diagnsosis
Piechota
Harmony T.
P-HUMN-37
Student Power Across Borders
Pimton
Pimchanok
P-BIO-152
Enhancing Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Towards Lung Progenitor Cells for Lung Tissue Engineering
Pipic
Alma
P-PHYS-15
Formation and [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of
O-Allyl Nitronic Esters: a New Route to ?,?-Unsaturated
Nitro Compounds
Pirrone
Vanessa
P-BIO-32
In vitro enhancement of HIV-1 infection by select polyanionic compounds as a possible explanation for their
clinical failures as microbicides
Plowman
Elizabeth
E-PHYS-2
Conductive Polymer Used in Fabrication of Flexible WIFI
Antennas
Pooput
Kannaporn
P-BIO-140
A Proposal for An Improvement of Bioconjugation of
Microbubbles by Using Plasma Treatment for Implications of Targeted Delivery
Popov
Kaloyan
P-BIO-3
Light Scattering by ellipsoidal particles and Fourier
analysis in the frequency domain
Price
Simara
P-BIO-117
Knockout of the lrra Gene in Synechococcus elongatus
Via Overlap Extension PCR
Prockup
Matthew
E-COMP-10
A Simple yet Robust Multi-touch Software Development Platform
Purohit
Mitali
P-BIO-2
Specific detection of Bacillus anthracis spores by ELISA
Puzakova
Marina
P-BUSN-6
When Emotions Matter in Marketing Leadership:A
Cross-Functional Integration Perspective
Quarles IV
Luther D.
E-BIO-7
Preliminary Antimicrobial and Antiviral Study of a Marine Fungus
Racz
Shawn
T-PHYS-4
Hydro Activated Nautical Survivor Locator
Rahman
Saifur
P-BIO-122
Differential regulation of transiently-transfected versus
stably integrated promoter of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1
Rao
Aby
P-CAD-14
Entertainment World
Reisig
Karl
P-BIO-96
FGF-2 binds to endothelial cell derived basement membrane under flow
Rice
Katie
P-CAD-15
Heart of India reflected through Satyajit Ray
Richardson
Patrick
E-EDU-1
Music Games Beyond Fun and Gaming
Robinson
Barbara J.
P-PHYS-71
Characterization of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Pharmaceutical Powders Inside a Cylindrical Die
Rock
Christopher
A.
P-BIO-14
A Loading System for Fascicle-scale Tensile Testing of
Collagenous Soft Tissue
286
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Rogalski
Matthew
P-CLIN-29
Vaginal Diazepam Suppository Use in the Treatment of
High Tone Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Roman
Marisa
P-BIO-29
Macromolecular Crowding Increases Mechanical Stability of Proteins - the effect of crowding agent size
Rossi
Matthew L.
P-COMP-10
Mobility predictions of thin-film organic materials containing defects.
Roy
Dheeraj
P-BIO-107
Liver Tissue Engineering within Polystyrene Scaffolds:
Effects of a Three Dimensional Environment on Hepatocyte Morphology, Proliferation and Drug Metabolism-Specific Function
Rozaklis
Lily
P-EDU-8
Q&A Service Overload: How Many Does the Web Really
Need?
Russell
Mike
P-BIO-18
A novel model for the progression of skeletal metastasis in vivo
Ryan
Michael
S-HUMN-2
The Happiest Guy I Know
Sadhu
Indira
P-CLIN-44
Cardiometabolic Complications in Dementia
Sajadi
Saeid
P-CLIN-8
Clinical Features of Sprint Fidelis Lead Failure at a
Single Major Referral Center for Lead Management
Samatli
Gulay
P-COMP-48
Construction of Index Funds under Risk Averse Constraint
Samudralwar
Rohini
P-BIO-11
Development of an In Vitro Model to Study Histidine
Decarboxylase shRNA Mediated Knock-Down
Sandelich
Stephen
P-BIO-71
Extracellular matrix mediated mechanosensing activate
adhesion and cardiomyocyte specific genes and alter
cytoskeletal organization
Sanghvi
Viraj R.
P-BIO-67
HIV-1 Tat dependent expression of interfering RNAs
using a chimeric promoter containing the HIV-1 TAR
element
Saphire
Jessica
P-CAD-1
Floral Texture
Sarkar
Sumona
P-BIO-135
Design of a Biomimetic Aggrecan Macromolecule
Scaglione
Alessandro
P-CBIO-13
Mutual information expansion for studying the role of
correlations in population codes: how important are
auto-
Scarlota
Laura
P-BIO-24
Repeated exposure to a stressful environment sensitizes
the 5-HT2A receptor
Schecter
Matthew
P-PHYS-64
Freezing Hierarchically Structured Polymer and Hybrid
Tissue Scaffolds
Schilling
Jordan
T-HUMN-1
Media/Publications as Pedagogical Tools within Higher
Education Institutions
Schindler
Emmanuelle
P-BIO-21
Ligand-dependent behavioral recovery after pharmacological treatment in the rabbit
Schlingmann
Kai
P-CLIN-31
Treatment of Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Catheter-Directed Thrombolytic Therapy in a First Trimester
Pregnancy: 2 Case Reports
Schmidt
Erik
E-COMP-9
Mood Classification via Collaborative Data Collection
Schreck
John S.
P-PHYS-53
Investigations into ?-helix and ?-sheet phase transitions
Schreibman
Sondra A.
P-BIO-174
Construction of a Reporter Strain of Synechococcus
elongatus For Studying the Promoter Activity of the
Gene lrrA
287
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Schweizer
Shannon
P-HUMN-18
Measuring Patient Satisfaction with Foodservice after
Implementing New Patient Menus
Senel
Gozde
P-BIO-168
Designing A Woven/Knitted Composite Cardiac Patch
With An Electrospun Nanofiber Layer To Assist Cardiac
Functioning And Regeneration
Sethi
Geetika
P-CLIN-46
RNA interference screens to identify genes essential for
ovarian tumor growth and maintenance
Sexton
Michael
P-PHYS-11
Finite Element Modelling of Realistic Porous Structures
from X-ray Micro-Tomography
Sgarlata
Joshua
S-CAD-4
ED & Edgar
Shah
Nisha
P-BIO-109
Detection of Inter-breeding in Drosophila simulans by
Examining Microsatellite Loci
Shah
Sonia
P-BIO-130
Establishment of clonal cell lines for the functional
analysis of the HIV-1 LTR within the context of chromatin-based microenvironment
Shah
Sagar
P-PHYS-75
Reducing Bandwidth of Step-Frequency Radars using
Compressive Sensing
Shao
Ping (Tyra)
P-BUSN-8
Helping and Harming Others in the Workplace: The
Roles of Personal Values and Abusive Supervision
Sheehan
Samantha
L-CAD-1
Self portrait, sculpture
Sheehan
Samantha
T-CAD-3
Senior Thesis
Shepherd
Jessica A.
P-CLIN-33
Single Port Access (SPA) Hysterectomy in a Teaching
Institution: Comparison of Single Port to Traditional
Multiport Laparoscopy
Shevertalov
Maxim
P-COMP-36
A Case Study on the Automatic Composition of Network Application Mashups
Shriyan
Sameet K.
P-PHYS-50
Compact stacking and wavefront analysis of elctrooptic liquid crystal thin films for dynamic wavelength
filtering applications
Sieg
Annette
P-CBIO-8
Analytical refinements applied to metabolic allometry
data with variation reveal broad differences in cladespecific scaling in mammals
Siegel
Jamie R.
P-HUMN-1
Recommendations for encouraging completion with
homework assignments to promote skills practice in
juvenile justice treatment
Simon
Daniel J. J.
P-BIO-77
Microarray Analysis of arp Expression, a New Transcriptional Regulator in Bacillus anthracis.
Simon
Daniel G.
P-HUMN-32
Public Perception of Mass Transit
Singh
Tanu
P-BIO-56
The Roles of Histone H4 Acetylation in DNA Replication
and Repair.
Singh
Neetu
P-BIO-73
ELP3 plays tissue-specific roles in development
Singh
Rajveer
P-CBIO-11
Statistical Modeling of TCE and Toluene Toxicity to
Pseudomonas putida F1
Singhal
Riju
S-PHYS-1
Nanoscale Carbon Probes for Single Cell Interrogation
Siromani
Deepak
E-COMP-2
Crashworthiness Simulation of a Boeing 737 Fuselage
Section: A Parametric Study on the Effects of Angle of
Obliquity and Friction on its Dynamic Response
Skylar
Katherine
P-BUSN-1
City Gnome
288
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Smolen
Hilary
P-CLIN-37
Characteristics of Early Geographic Atrophy in the
Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Prevention Trial (CAPT)
Snyder
Jessica
P-CBIO-16
Solid Free Form Fabrication of Biomimetic 3D Tissue
Constructs
Soffer
Jonathan B.
P-BIO-104
Conformational Changes of Ferricytochrome c Induced
by pH and Temperature
Sohlberg
Karl
P-COMP-9
A problem in the interpretation of a time dependent
wavefunction for a two state oscillation system
Solan
Ann M.
P-BUSN-27
Emotional intelligence, visionary leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior in continuing higher
education
Solis
Carl
P-BIO-23
Surfactant Stabilized Ultrasound Contrast Agent: Addition of Cryoprotectants and Targeting Ligands
Soloff
Max
P-COMP-37
Analysis of Astronomical Datasets on a Beowulf Cluster
Spinelli
Bryan A.
P-CLIN-10
Scapulothoracic Motion and Muscle Activity during the
Raising and Lowering Phase of an Overhead Reaching
Task
Stehle
Edward
P-PHYS-7
Aniketos: An Autonomic Framework for Software Fault
Detection and Mitigation
Stelekati
Erietta
P-BIO-72
microRNA bic/miR-155 regulates CD8+ T cell responses
Stevenson
Craig
E-CBIO-1
Maxwell›s Demon: A Study in Brain-Computer Interface
Game Development
Stewart
Heather
T-CAD-6
180 Grams P-O-P Display
Stocking
Christopher
P-BIO-98
Assessment of Internet Nutrition Fraud Related to Diet
Recommendations for DIabetes
Sullam
Karen
P-BIO-37
The Use of Molecular Techniques in Stream Food Webs
Sun
Sirena
P-CLIN-1
Understanding HIV Positive and Negative Patients› Perspectives on Opt-Out, Incentivized, & Mandatory HIV
Testing
Sunkari
Chetana
P-BIO-111
Non-invasive Assessment of UV induced skin UV damage
Suresh
Nandita
P-BIO-139
Estrogen receptors alpha are more abundant in female
than in male gallbladders: A potential contributory factor for gender differences in gallstone pathogenesis
Swin
Chris
E-PHYS-3
Characterization of Fatigue Crack Threshold in HighCycle Fatigue Applications
Szabo
Margo M.
P-CLIN-4
The Relationship between Pain, Sleep, and Quality of
Life in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Szyszka
Renata
P-PHYS-4
Quantitation of PEG Contaminants in Ethoxylated
Surfactant Samples by MALDI TOFMS using Standard
Additions and Internal Standards Methods.
Tabdanov
Erdem
P-BIO-154
Mechanical Microenvironment and Poisson RatioInduced Reorganization of Cellular Cytoskeletal Architecture
Tallent
Justin
E-PHYS-6
A Platform for Expanding Creative Opportunities for
Musicians and Non-Musicians
Tang
Xuning
P-COMP-23
Social Network Data Sharing and Integration
289
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Taormina
Stephanie
P-HUMN-29
Perceptions of Police Interrogation Techniques with
Juvenile Suspects
Temgoua
Dongmo
Jean-Etienne
P-COMP-46
Aircraft Loss-Of-Control Prevention and Recovery Strategies
Teng
Jingjie
P-PHYS-44
Ground-water exposure model for pathogens transport
using spreadsheet programming
Thompson
Ebony
P-PHYS-8
Characterization of Polysaccharides
Thonggoom
Ornsiri
P-BUSN-20
A knowledge-based system for Novice Database Designers.
Thorat
Swati
P-BIO-144
Influence of Plasmodium yoelii Macrophage Migration
Inhibitory Factor on the course of blood stage malaria
Thrailkill
Zechariah
P-COMP-22
Higher Energy Levels in Coupled Josephson Junction
Phase Qubits
Tooke
Lonna
P-BIO-42
UV-CD Kinetics Study of Poly-L-Proline In Aqueous Solution At High Temperatures
Totten
Meredith
P-HUMN-19
I.G. Farben: Company executives in Hitler›s regime
Townsend
Natasa C.
P-CLIN-2
Outcome Analysis of Prostate Cancers Treated with Cyberknife Delivered Hypofractionated Radiotherapy
Travaline
Katharine
P-HUMN-22
Urban Agriculture in Philadelphia: Lessons for Citizenship and Ecological Democracy
Tribbitt
Mark
P-HUMN-16
The Impact of Social Networking Technology on Information Seeking for Entrepreneurs
Turco
Douglas Michele
P-HUMN-2
On top of the world: An exploration into the social
worlds of competitive ice climbers
Turganbaeva
Alia
P-BIO-99
Factors influencing adherence among Kyrgyz rural
pregnant and lactating women to Sprinkles (iron
supplements)
Turner
David
E-PHYS-4
Quantitative X-ray Microtomography to Establish
Structure-Property Linkages in Complex Materials
Tyler
Anthony
P-HUMN-41
A Socratic Willie Wonka
Tyler
Anthony
P-PHYS-39
Topological Phases of a Current Biased Josephson Junction
Vasudeva
Rani
P-BIO-44
Novel Electrophysiological and neurochemical properties of stress-related non-serotonergic cells in the
caudal dorsal raphe nucleus.
Vaze
Nachiket
P-BIO-126
Inactivation of Bacillus Cereus spores with Dielectric
Barrier Grating Discharge (DBGD)
Velagapudi
Dheyvi
E-CAD-3
Cardinal Personal Information Manager
Vitol
Elina A.
P-PHYS-66
Smart nanopipette for in situ intracellular analysis
Vogia
Amy
P-BIO-97
Interventional Radiology for Obstetric Interventions
Vyas
Siddharth
T-EDU-1
Development of Internet-Based Remote Ultrasound
Nondestructive Testing Procedures
Wallace
Ashley
P-CAD-5
Fruition Direct Mail Specialists
Wang
Tanchun
P-BIO-167
Regulation Of Bladder Smooth Muscle Contraction:
Role Of Protein Kinase C And Rho Kinase
Wang
Zhiyu
P-BIO-47
How can we use ferrofluid to measure E. coli chemotaxis?
290
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Wang
Wenling
P-BUSN-4
The Role of Product Personalization In Effects of SelfCongruity Versus Functional Congruity
Wang
Hong
P-PHYS-82
Fabrication of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Supramolecular Nanostructures by Gas Phase Self-Assembly
Wasko
Kimberly A.
P-BIO-176
Characterization Of Small Bowel Anastomotic Strength
In The Rodent (Rat) Model Using Biomechanical Testing
Waters
Jim
P-EDU-10
Promoting engagement in Online Learning
Weidner
Jeff
P-PHYS-78
Structural Identification using a Multiple Model Approach to Inform Infrastructure Decision-making
Weisser
Valerie D.
P-CLIN-45
Neuroimaging in Neuropsychology: Is One Signal
Enough?
White
Amanda
P-PHYS-60
Interacting Void Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Willoughby
Bridget
P-BIO-127
Use of Voltammetry to Investigate the Release and
Uptake of Methylphenidate in the Rat Brain
Wilson
Alyssa M.
P-PHYS-16
Investigation of Lasing in Superconducting Phase Qubits
Winter
Krista F.
P-HUMN-26
A Phenomenological Experience Of Singing Vocal Harmony With Another Person
Winters
Julianne M.
P-BIO-113
Utilization of Passive Sonic Telemetry as Indicators of
Movement and Nesting of the Northern Diamondback
Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin)
Wnek
John
P-BIO-51
The effects of substrate type on the hatching success of
diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) at Barnegat Bay, New Jersey
Wong
Eric
P-BIO-84
Correlation of Natural Killer Cell Phenotype With Effector Function: Distinct Functional Natural Killer Cell
Subsets?
Wong
Eric
P-BIO-85
The Effect of Colostrum Supplementation on Natural
Killer Cell Function
Wong
Eric
P-BIO-86
Development of an Alternative to the Chromium
Release Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Using a
Florescent Dye
Wong
Michael
P-CLIN-30
Case Report: Radiation-Induced Rectal Cancer
Wong
Connie
P-PHYS-33
Effect of Carbon Black and Nanoclay on Antioxidant
Depletion in High Density Polyethylene
Wrazien
Lindsey
P-HUMN-25
The Effect of Age and Gender on Perceptions of Police
Interrogation Tactics
Wu
Andrew S.
P-CLIN-23
LCL-Grafts(TM): Toxicity of polyurethane vascular graft
implants
Wu
Wei
P-PHYS-76
The Effects of Vanadium Doping in Lead-Free Sodium
Potassium Niobate-Lithium Niobate Solid Solutions
WynoskyDolfi
Meghan
P-BIO-68
Anthrolysin O, a toxin of Bacillus anthracis, stimulates
cells through multiple receptors including TLR4
Yalamanchili
Nirupama
P-BIO-40
Profiling Stress Responses in Aging Fibroblasts
Yan
Changyuan
P-BUSN-16
Joint Economic Lot Model for Deteriorating Items
Yang
Yueh-Ting
P-EDU-7
CCLI Phase II: E-Quality for Manufacturing (EQM)
Integrated with Web-enabled Production Systems for
Engineering Technology Education
291
Last Name
First Name
Location
Abstract Title
Yang
Yong
P-PHYS-20
Precipitation of Calcium Ions in Hard Water by Pulsed
Spark Discharge
Yang
Yong
P-PHYS-21
Sterilization of Escherichia Coli by Pulsed Spark Discharge in Continuous Water Circulation System
Yarychkivska
Olga
P-BIO-53
Chemical modulation of target genes regulated by the
Histone Acetyltransferase TIP60 and the C-terminal
Domain of Amyloid Precursor Protein (AICD).
Yeon
Sun-Hwa
P-PHYS-3
Enhanced Methane Storage of Chemically and Physically Activated Carbide-Derived Carbon
Yildirim-Ayan
Eda
P-BIO-79
Accelerated Maturation of Osteoblast Cells on Threedimensional Polycaprolactane Tissue Scaffolds
Yim
Jacqueline
P-PHYS-27
Use of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma for Tunable
Interfaces
Yok
Non G.
P-CBIO-20
Probe Selection Scheme in Compressed Sensing DNA
Microarrays
Yordanov
Nedko
P-HUMN-48
Structural Changes in the Portuguese Economy
Yosmanovich
Donna
P-BIO-8
Ligand Binding and Sickle Hemoglobin Polymerization
Kinetics: Implication for Therapies
Yost
Adam D.
P-BIO-30
Cold Plasma Inactivation of Bacteria on Dry or Wet Surfaces: Mechanisms of DNA Mutation and Peroxidation
of Phospholipids.
Yost
Adam D.
P-BIO-90
Ion-assisted Inactivation of Escherichia coli Using Asymmetric Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Zandona
Eugenia
P-BIO-5
Changes In Trophic Niches Of Two Species Of Neotropical Stream Fish Using Stable Isotopes, Gut Analysis, And
Behavioral Observations
Zane
Lee J.
P-BUSN-7
A Model of Entrepreneurial Competitive Moves: The
Influence of Industry Context and Individual Factors
Zelle
Heather
P-HUMN-13
Factor Structure of the Miranda Rights Comprehension
Instruments-II
Zhang
Qingwei
P-BIO-92
Study on Nanodiamond Reinforced Novel Porous Structural Surgical Fixation Devices
Zhang
Jian
E-COMP-4
Quantifying the Impact of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey:
Evolving Patterns of Research Topics and Collaboration
Zhang
Haibo
P-COMP-12
Development and Validation of a Fully Explicit Surface
Water Infiltration Model
Zhao
Haozhen
P-COMP-20
A Dynamic Visualization Interface for Search Service
Zhou
Xia
P-BUSN-9
Personality Dispositions and Media Selection: The Role
of Modernity
Zhu
Weizhong
P-COMP-24
Document Clustering Based on the LSI Probabilistic Subspace Model
Ziadni
Maisa
P-HUMN-24
Sleep Discrepancy & Daily Functioning
Zitnik
Gerard
P-CBIO-19
Methylphenidate›s Affect on Norepinephrine Levels in
Anesthetized Rat Prefrontal Cortex and Barrel Cortex
Zwicker
DeAnne
P-HUMN-47
What are the Relationships of Preparedness and Perceived Burden on Anxiety in Family Caregivers?
292

Full Program Book - Drexel University Research Day 2015

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