container glass

Transcription

container glass

SUMMER 2012
9 Churchill Way, Sheffield, S35 2PY | Tel +44 (0) 114 290 1807 | Fax +44 (0) 114 290 1851 | Email [email protected]
CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACTS
Section “PP” is a collection of “Primary Papers”, first published many years ago, but
obviously still in demand. Copies can be ordered in the usual way. A list of
conferences and exhibitions has also been added.
C
D
E
F
G
GC
GF
N
PP
R
S
Container Glass
Domestic
Enamels
Flat Glass
Glass Manufacture General
Glass Ceramics
Glass Fibre
News Items
Primary Papers
Refractories
Special Glass
Members of British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation may order copies of any of
the articles free of charge (subject to usual copyright rules).
For further information please contact:
Theresa Green
Information Officer
British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation
Tel:
0114 290 1807
Fax: 0114 290 1851
Email: [email protected]
CONTENTS
CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACTS ......................................................................... 2
CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 2
CONTAINER GLASS ................................................................................................ 3
DOMESTIC ............................................................................................................. 24
ENAMEL ................................................................................................................. 26
FLAT GLASS .......................................................................................................... 26
GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 36
GLASS CERAMICS ................................................................................................ 46
GLASS FIBRE......................................................................................................... 49
NEWS IN GENERAL ............................................................................................... 50
PACKAGING ........................................................................................................... 63
PRIMARY PAPERS ................................................................................................ 72
REFRACTORIES .................................................................................................... 83
SPECIAL GLASS .................................................................................................... 85
PATENTS ............................................................................................................. 103
CONFERENCES, EXHIBITIONS, AND TRAINING ............................................... 112
ISSN: 0962 032X
Page 2 of 116
CONTAINER GLASS
C – CONTAINER GLASS
C 4655
MELTING BEHAVIOUR OF
RECYCLED CULLET: IMPURITY
DISSOLUTION, PULVERISATION
AND SOLUTION PRE-TREATMENT
A GLUSING & R CONRADT
http://kdsolution.com/pdf_upload/Glusi
ng-SB4.pdf
The reuse of recycled cullet in the
production of new glass containers lies
above 60%. The cullet ratio depends
on the glass colour, the level of
impurities, and on availability. As a
side effect of cullet waste
management, the occurrence o f
metallic and ceramic impurities cannot
be avoided. Quality criteria for
recycled cullet must comprise these
impurities as potential sources of
quality defects in the product. The
potential of ceramics to generate glass
defects contributes to a large extent to
economic and technological
restrictions for the overall amount of
recycled cullet. The impurities in
recycled cullet are distinguished by
their potential to impair glass quality.
In recycling cullet, emphasis must be
laid on safe separation of the most
critical species. It is the objective of
this work to generate a basis which
allows to identify the most critical ESP
species, and to assess their effect on
glass quality.
C 4656
GLASS TARGET SPLIT "UNLIKELY
TO BOOST RECYCLING"
ENDS REPORT 18 APRIL 2012
Government plans to encourage more
glass to be recycled into new bottles
are unlikely to be effective, according
to the glass industry trade body.
British Glass says more councils need
to start collecting glass by colour or
separately from other recyclables if
there is going to be a move away from
using glass to make aggregates. The
UK collects a very high proportion of
the 1.6M/tonnes of waste glass
produced annually. About 93% of
waste glass produced by businesses,
such as pubs and clubs, is recycled,
according to a 2010 survey for the
environment department. Four fifths of
councils provide kerbside glass
collections to households. Despite that
coverage, there has been a decline in
the proportion of glass recycled
through remelt to manufacture new
products. According to British Glass,
81% of glass recycled in 2005 was
remelted, but in 2010 that had fallen to
64%. The decline is because glass is
being used to make aggregate
instead, which has fewer
environmental benefits. Remelt saves
about 0.3 tonnes of carbon per tonne
of glass recycled; aggregate saves
none. In December, DEFRA put
forward measures to halt the decline in
remelt. Its new packaging recycling
targets up to 2017 include separate
glass remelt and aggregate targets.
The change was confirmed in this
year s Budget. The split should freeze
the amount of glass that can go to
aggregates at about 650,000/t,
DEFRA says. British Glass supports
the split, but feels it will have little
effect because DEFRA has not
proposed a significant increase in the
overall glass recycling target. This
means that the cost of packaging
recovery notes (PRNs) the evidence
firms need to supply to show they
have recycled glass may remain low
and there will be no money to finance
the infrastructure needed to boost
remelt. The body says the increasing
council preference for commingled
collections produces poorer quality
recyclate, which usually goes to
aggregate. Only significant investment
in materials recycling facilities that can
separate remelt-quality glass from
commingled waste will overcome that
problem. DEFRA is proposing two
PRN types for remelt and aggregate,
Page 3 of 116
but there is no guarantee that remelt
PRNs will be higher value.
C 4657
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF
GLASS CONTAINER PRODUCTION
WITH PLUNGER PROCESS
CONTROL
M KOVACEC ET AL
CIRP J MAN SCI & TECHNOL 3 4
2010 304 310
The production of glass containers is a
very complex and demanding
procedure which has to be very well
equipped and optimally adjusted in
order to produce glass containers that
satisfy even the most demanding
customers, at the same time being
competitive on the market. Glass
containers have to be maximally light,
as well as less expensive, and at the
same time they have to withstand
maximal mechanical loads, greater
internal pressure, thermal shocks
(pasteurization), etc. For the glass
containers to be able to meet these
requirements, apart from a well
designed container it is necessary to
achieve also excellent glass
distribution (uniform thickness of glass
container wall), which can be achieved
by the production procedure of NNPB
(narrow neck press and blow process).
The paper shows how the control
system of the pressing procedure on
glass machines achieves greater
stability of glass gob masses,
contributing also to improved quality of
glass containers and increased
production line productivity. A
comparison has been made, namely,
of the production lines that are
equipped with the system for
controlling the pressing procedure
WISEPPC (wireless sensor plunger
position control) and those that are
not.
C 4658
OPTIMAL PRICING AND
PRODUCTION DECISIONS IN
UTILIZING REUSABLE
CONTAINERS
B ATAMER ET AL
MIDDLE EAST TECH UNIVERSITY,
TURKEY
INT J PRODUCTION ECONOMICS
AUGUST 2011 Available online 23
August 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.08
.007
In this study, we focus on pricing and
production decisions in utilizing
reusable containers with stochastic
customer demand. We consider a
manufacturer that sells a single
product to the customers in reusable
containers with two supply options: (i)
brand-new containers (ii) returned
containers from customers. The return
quantity depends on both customer
demand and the acquisition fee
determined by the manufacturer. The
unit cost of production using brandnew containers is different than the
unit cost of reusing returned
containers. The customers are
indifferent between brand-new and
recovered products. We also consider
resource restrictions on the production
operations. In this setting, we
investigate the optimal pricing and
production decisions in order to
maximize the manufacturer's profit.
We characterize the optimal
acquisition fee and the optimal order
quantity of brand-new containers
analytically and investigate the effect
of parameters through an extensive
computational study.
C 4658
ARDAGH GROUP EXPANDS GLASS
DIVISION BY 10% WITH
CONTAINER PLANT ACQUISITION
GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL
2012 3
Ardagh Group has confirmed its
acquisition of US-based Leone
Industries from the Leone family,
Page 4 of 116
which will increase its glass division by
around 10%. Leone Industries,
founded in 1966, is a manufacturer of
glass containers serving the US food
and beverage markets. It produces
more than 500M/containers per year
from its high-tech facility in Bridgeton,
New Jersey.
C 4659
FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE
FOOD PACKAGING DESIGN
K GRONMAN ET AL
PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY &
SCIENCE MAY 2011
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10
02/pts.1971/full
The environmental impacts of
packages have been found to be
relatively small compared with the food
items they contain. Furthermore, from
the environmental and operational
point of view, the most significant task
of the package is to protect the
product, which is important to
acknowledge in the packaging design
process. This study introduces a
guiding framework for designing
sustainable food packaging. In this
approach, the entire life cycle of the
product package combination is taken
into consideration. The emphasis is on
the prevention of food losses in
packaging design as a major
environmental criterion. Consideration
of the properties of both the package
and the product itself when designing
the final package will lead to a better
end result with smaller product losses
and environmental impacts. By using
different assessment methods in the
different stages of the packaging
design, the sustainability of the
package can be enhanced. The
decision making of the packaging
designer is facilitated with methods
that are introduced step by step and in
a certain order that will also allow for
corrective measures through backloops in the design process. The
purpose is to integrate sustainability
aspects at all stages firmly into the
design process.
C 4660
ALLIED GLASS ANNOUNCES £3M
GLASS COLOURING INVESTMENT
2012 4
Allied Glass Containers has
announced a planned investment of
£3M in enhancing the glass colouring
capability at its Knottingley plant in the
first six months of 2012. The project
will involve the modernisation and
expansion of the colour control
system, the installation of a larger
forehearth to increase production
capacity to 80/tpd, and the fitting of an
Emhart Glass 8-section 5½" double
gob IS machine, to add flexibility to the
company's coloured glass portfolio.
According to Allied, the accompanying
inspection line will be fully automatic,
to ensure the smooth flow of
containers from the lehr end to the
automatic packaging area. A palletiser
capable of auto-packing difficult
shapes completes the line. Richard
Summers, Allied's Operations Director
said: "With this substantial investment
in our forehearth colouring capability,
we are making a bold commitment to
growth and confirmed our commitment
to supplying beautiful coloured glass
bottles to the premium spirits market."
C 4661
O-I: "ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT"
ON LATEST RECYCLING FIGURES
2012 7
O-I believes the latest figures from the
EU container glass federation FEVE
show there is still "huge untapped
potential" to improve the environment
by recycling more glass across the
continent. According to the latest
glass recycling estimates published by
FEVE, the average glass recycling
rate in the EU remains stable at 68%.
The figures indicate that around 25BN
glass bottles and jars were collected
throughout the EU in 2010. Of these,
80% were re-melted to make new
glass containers in the "closed loop"
Page 5 of 116
process, FEVE estimates. Marketing
Director for O-I Europe said: "We are
working with a host of stake holders to
increase the recycling of glass
containers in all the countries in which
we operate. We have ambitious
targets to increase the amount we use
in our production." While it believes tht
the 68% rate represents a strong
performance across the EU as a
whole, O-I maintains that the task is
far from complete. In the UK, where
the glass recycling rate of 61% falls
slightly behind the curve, the company
is working with local authorities to
increase volumes collected and to
maximise closed loop recycling of
glass into new bottles and jars. "We
want to encourage people to keep on
recycling and to consider whether any
of their glass containers still slip
through into general waste," said Ms
Remmel.
Brazil, Argentina and other countries
within the region, highlighting some of
the major manufacturers in the sector
and the products that are driving
demand.
C 4662
BEATSON CLARK - HISTORIC
GLASSMAKER INVESTS IN A
DESIGN FOR THE FUTURE
2012 10-12, 14
Beatson Clark, originally a
manufacturer of glass containers for
the pharmaceutical industry,
diversified into food and beverage
packaging during the 1980s and 90s.
With the recent celebration of its 260th
anniversary, the editor of this article,
Nadine Firth, met Lynn Sidebottom,
Sales and Marketing Director, to
discuss the company's rich history, its
continued efforts in product design and
lightweighting, and its success in the
food and beverage markets, while
maintaining its position as one of the
UK's largest pharmaceutical glass
manufacturers.
C 4665
[EMHART] MULTI-GOB SYSTEM
GIVES FORMING FLEXIBILITY
2012 78
Emhart Glass has announced the
launch of a multi-gob weight system,
which allows for enhanced flexibility of
glass container production when used
in conjunction with the supplier's 555
feeder, 565 shear and FlexIS feeder
control software. The new system
controls both the feeder and the shear,
giving a choice of gob weight and
shape. As a result, each section of a
forming machine (whether IS, AIS, NIS
or BIS), can produce an item of
individual weight and shape. The
multi-motion profile plunger and shear
are both controlled and monitored from
one screen. Settings are designed to
be simple, intuitive and largely selfexplanatory. The system can offer
many benefits for glassmakers.
Production can be closely aligned with
demand, in terms of both quantity
produced and time of manufacture.
This optimises the use of machines
and minimises the need to hold stock.
Production can also be adjusted
precisely to the supply of glass
C 4663
CONTAINER GLASS GROWTH
SPREADING ACROSS LATIN
AMERICA
2012 15-18
This article provides an overview of
the growing container glass industry in
C 4664
A CLOSER LOOK AT ENGRAVING
ON GLASS
R FRAPPA
IRIS INSPECTION MACHINES
2012 74
Even the smallest imprecision in glass
inspection can prove costly for glass
container manufacturers. In this
article, Raminro Frappa of Irish
Inspection Machines (S America),
looks at the difficulties caused by
engraving and embossing on glass
and how tools are being developed to
differentiate between these decoration
techniques and faults.
Page 6 of 116
available, thus optimising furnace
output. With the multi-gob weight
system, it is possible to accommodate
a short notice job without halting an
existing run. One or more sections
can be reassigned to the job, while the
others continue as normal. Small
quantities can be handled without
equipping the entire machine with
moulds or leaving some sections idle.
The system can also be used to test a
new set of mould equipment, or to
make sampling runs on a single
section without interrupting normal
production. For more information,
please visit: www.emhartglass.com
C 4666
IPGR TO DRIVE DECISIVE CHANGE
IN GLASS CONTAINER
PRODUCTION
GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE
2012 6
International Partners in Glass
Research executives have agreed the
ned for more innovation and the
willingness to take risks in
developments for glass container
production. According to a statement
following the organisation's recent
Executive meeting in Germany,
suppliers as well as manufacturers
should also be encouraged to
investigate revolutionary approaches
on the most pressing topics besides
the incremental and evolutionary
approaches that are mostly
undertaken today. Future research
will include the reduction of melting
costs, higher production efficiency and
increased glass container strength. A
clear sign will be set for suppliers,
motivating them to focus on the need
for innovation in the field of glass
container manufacture. IPGR will
increase its research efforts. Additional
suggestions for research collaboration
are currently being assessed, in
addition to which proposals on
research collaborations from suppliers
and other research institutes are
invited.
C 4667
MAKING GLASS PACKAGING
VISION A REALITY
2012 40, 42
These are exciting times for Allied
Glass Containers. The subject of a
second management buyout in 2010,
the company's ambitious management
has subsequently implemented a
series of important investment
initiatives which have continued to
develop its production capabilities, as
explained in this article.
C 4668
BENEFITS OF UV PRINTING INKS
D MACHMER
RUCO DRUCKFARBEN, GERMANY
2012 64
The use of UV curing printing inks for
glass decoration has been rising
steadily in recent years. Ruco
Druckfarben, a leading printing ink
manufacturer based in Eppstein,
Germany, took up the manufacture of
UV printing inks in 1982 and first
introduced a screen printing ink series
for glass decoration as a dual cure
system in 2001. This article describes
their latest product, the 935UV series.
C 4669
HANDLE WITH CARE FOR BEST
RESULTS
W SEIDENSTICKER
HEYE INTERNATIONAL, GERMANY
2012 82-83
Competitive production processes
require good forming techniques, as
well as a modern ware handling
system to meet increasing speed and
precision demands. This article
considers the importance of accurate
ware handling at the hot end, together
with some of the latest equipment
innovations from Heye International.
Page 7 of 116
C 4670
THE MARKET FOR GLASS
PACKAGING IN THE UKRAINE (JANAPRIL 2012)
http://steklosouz.ru/news/show&id=19
56
The monthly monitoring of the market
of container glass in Ukraine,
conducted by the Agency of Industrial
Marketing, completed data as of April
2012. Volumes of production of glass
jars for 4 months in 2012 amounted to
89,300/tonnes, which is 18% higher
than the same period in 2011, while
exports declined significantly (33%).
Also, there was a decrease in
production of glass bottles by 7% in
January-March 2012 relative to 2011
and amounts to 732.2 million units.
Exports thus increased by 11%.
C 4671
JOHNSON & JORGENSEN
INTRODUCE A NEW LINE OF
CONTAINERS
http://www.jjpack.com/content/newauthentic-glass-jars-range/
Leading container packaging
specialist, Johnsen & Jorgensen has
introduced a new range of authentic
clear glass jars. The new Excellsens
range is ideal for traditional style
packaging of food products and
cosmetics. Originally developed for the
complex production requirements of
foie gras in the south of France, the
jars are equally suitable for other food
products such as jams, chutneys,
sauces and candy as well as various
cosmetic products like body butters,
bath salts or creams. Smart, light and
easy to open with their clip-top lids, the
Excellsens range is available in 120,
195, 260 and 420ml size jars of
various heights. This range is currently
held in stock at the French
warehousing facilities of leading panEuropean packaging supplier, Pont
Europe, with whom Johnsen &
Jorgensen merged late last year. This
latest launch strengthens the
company s extensive jars range which
includes everything from standard
shapes through to striking modern
designs for maximum shelf impact and
value added packaging of food and
cosmetics.
C 4672
GLASS RECYCLING: MAJOR
RESOURCE FOR CIRCULAR
ECONOMY
M DELLE SELVE
FEVE
2012 102, 104-5
According to the latest glass recycling
estimates published by FEVE, the
average glass recycling rate in the EU
remains stable at 68%. This means
around 25BN glass bottles and jars
were collected throughout the EU in
2010. In this article, Michael Delle
Selve of EU Container Glass
Federation FEVE reviews the positive
performance and prospects for glass
recycling in the EU.
C 4673
[UAE] PRIVATE INVESTOR SELLS
GHANI GLASS STAKE
GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 5
Swicorp, a private equity firm, has
announced the sale of a 20% stake in
Ghani Glass, held by Joussour
Holding Company (JHC). JHC is a
private equity investment company
managed by Swicorp that focuses on
energy-intensive industries.
Established in 1993, Ghani Glass is
one of the largest glass manufacturers
in Pakistan. Since JHC's initial
investment in 2007, the company has
witnessed strong growth, more than
doubling its top and bottom line on the
back of capacity expansions, including
the commissioning of the first
pharmaceutical glass manufacturing
project in the Middle East and N Africa
region, based on EU technology.
Nabil Triki, Swicorp Head of Private
Equity said: "When we invested in
Ghani glass five years ago, our
ambition was to significantly grow its
top and bottom line and allow the
company to establish a footprint
beyond the borders of Pakistan.
Page 8 of 116
Although faced with challenging local
and international markets, the
company was able to navigate through
consecutive crises and we are
satisfied we were able to contribute
directly to profitability growth."
C 4674
BPA SAFETY CONCERNS FUEL
GLASS PACKAGING GROWTH
According to a recent report,
Bisphenol-A (BPA) safety fears could
see the global glass food and
beverage packaging segment
challenge the ever-expanding plastic
packaging industry. Recent concerns
over health risks associated with the
chemical and anti-BPA legislation in
countries including France, have given
the glass packaging segment an
advantage over its plastic counterpart,
said Visiongain's report: The Glass
Packaging Market 2012-2022. The
global glass packaging market is
expected to hit US$34.8BN in 2012, of
which food and beverage packaging
accounts for the majority. The report
added that demand for sustainable
packaging and the purchasing power
of emerging Brazil, Russia, India and
China (BRIC) and Colombia,
Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt and Turkey
(CIVET) will contribute to glass'
continued presence in the food
packaging industry. "The emergence
of microwavable containers has been
contributing to the success of plastic
packaging int he food packaging
market. However, concerns over
chemical migration and glass' premium
image give glass packaging
advantages," said Vision Analyst, Eric
Lautier. "There are rising concerns
over BPA migration in food and
beverage packaging when the
containers are heated. Studies have
also showed that migration occurs
when products stand on the shelf," he
continued. "Glass packaging is
oxygen and CO2 proof and does not
change the taste or colour of the
packaged product. Nothing goes
through the glass or leaks from it,
neither does it produce any chemical
reactions."
C 4675
[USA[] VERALLIA RECYCLING
CAMPAIGN CONVERTS GLASS
INTO CONSUMER BONUSES
Verallia has announced it is promoting
a campaign that gives bonuses of $0.7
per 1kg of bottles brought back by the
consumer. The accumulated value
can be used in a household shop to
buy new glass products. According to
the company, all material collected will
be sent for recycling and to produce
new glass products. Verallia's
employees first announced the idea in
2009, with a proposal to bring glass
bottles and jars from home and
exchange it for bonuses that entitle
them to buy glass products in the
household store next to the factory.
"Due to the large membership of
employees, we decided from March
2012 to extend the project for the
entire population, with the intention of
encouraging the process of glass
recycling, raising awareness of the
importance of separating the material
and showing the method only has
advantages," said the company.
C 4676
EMHART GLASS CELEBRATES
CENTENARY
Emhart Glass, one of the leading
suppliers of machines, controls, and
parts to the glass container industry,
celebrates its centenary this year. The
company began in 1912, when
Hartford-Fairmont was founded in
Hartford, CN, USA by Bill Lorenz,
William Honiss and Karl Peiler. The
company was created to market a
design for the paddle-gob feeder,
which used gravity to automatically
feed molten glass into moulds. In
1924, it became Hartford-Empire and
patented the individual section (IS)
machine for the automatic production
of glass containers. According to the
company, the 1940s saw it move into
Page 9 of 116
automated inspection. Renaming itself
Emhart and later Emhart Glass, the
firm built an EU-wide sales and
manufacturing operation from the
1950s with plants and branches in
Switzerland, Germany, Italy and the
UK. The acquisition of Swedish
manufacturer Sundsvalls Verkstader in
1952 was an important milestone and
in 1987, the group transferred its
headquarters to Switzerland. "I am
very proud to be part of a company
with such a long and impressive
history," said Martin Jetter, President
of Emhart Glass. "Our challenge
today is to live up to their legacy by
serving our customers with new ways
to improve the technologies we've
inherited, and to add them with
innovations of our own, for the benefit
of our customers and the entire glass
industry."
C 4677
LIGHTER BEER BOTTLE PAVES
THE WAY
Glass has never featured in the
discussion on "excess packaging,"
although it does have the potential to
reduce its weight further. This,
combined with an increasing recycling
rate, will have a significant beneficial
effect on energy and CO2 reduction.
UK glass container manufacturer
Beatson Clark, is constantly looking for
opportunities to lightweight its designs
and has several lightweight products
within its general sale range. The
company has recently introduced a
lightweight beer bottle that weighs
285g. The 500ml tapered amber beer
bottle can also be manufactured in
white flint and at 285g, it is almost half
the weight of Beatson Clark's original
beer bottle of 403g. The benefits of
lightweighting include reduced
production costs and the ability to offer
clients a more cost-effective product
without compromising on quality. By
reducing the use of raw materials and
energy consumption, lightweight
bottles can also help to meet waste
reduction and emissions targets. "The
bottle will have a standard crown neck
finish suitable for beers, ales or ciders,
however, it will also be
interchangeable with an MCA finish to
make it suitable for soft drinks," said
Lynn Sidebottom, Sales and Marketing
Director. "As glass is infinitely
recyclable and totally inert, it is a
healthy and sustainable product that
helps to minimise the effect of
packaging on the environment." she
adds. For more information, please
visit: www.beatsonclark.co.uk
C 4678
RECYCLED GLASS ENTERS A NEW
AGE
German-based Heinz Glass,
manufacturer of small glass bottles for
the perfume and cosmetics industry,
recently announced the launch of a
"New Age" glass, which is an
ecological and recyclable glass,
melted with no CO2 emissions. The
environmental approach instilled by
the company's President, Karl Heinz,
started in the 1970s. In 1998, waterbased lacquering techniques were
introduced - 8 years before the legal
requirement, and 10 years before the
implementation of this decree amongst
most decorators working for the
cosmetics glass sector. With no
adjuvants, the material is pure and the
recycled glass is melted in electric
furnaces, with the energy provided by
solar, wind and hydroelectric power.
The physicochemical properties of the
glass produced remain similar to new
glass, with properties such as safety,
thermal, chemical and mechanical
resistance and recyclability. For more
information please visit: www.heinzglas.com
C 4679
[RAW MATERIALS] THE
IMPORTANCE OF GRAIN SIZE IN
GLASS MELTING
F NOVOTNY
INST GLASS AND CERAMICS,
CZECH REPUBLIC
GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012
21-22, 24, 26-27
Page 10 of 116
Theoretically, any decrease in the
grain size of raw materials results in
the acceleration of the melting
process. However, this does not seem
always to be the case and problems
can arise if an incorrect reaction path
is adopted. Different intermediate
products can also be formed
depending on the grain size of the raw
materials. In this article, Frantisek
Novotny examines the importance of
the correct grain size distribution of
raw materials in glass processing.
C 4680
SORTING SYSTEM FACILITATES
HIGH END RECYCLING
A completely new development used
in the recycling of thin-sheet, container
and flat glass, the K9 Flash from S+S
Separation and Sorting Technology
can separate unwanted colour
particles and ceramics, stones and
porcelain (CSP) from the cullet flow
with a minimal loss of good material. It
can also detect and remove special
glasses, such as Ceran. The spaceefficient design is conductive to
minimal glass breakage and features
new specific light technology. These
features allow for a higher throughput
capacity with precise detection. The
system identifies contaminants and
glass by colour and will remove "out of
specification" glass from the material
flow that is indistinguishable to the
human eye. Up to 9 different
wavelength ranges can be scanned by
the system. This allows the ID of
colour, CSP and heat-resistant special
glass. Unwanted material is removed
from the material flow by air-ejection
nozzles operating within one
millisecond. For more information,
please visit: www.sesotec.com
C 4681
GROWING RUSSIAN
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET
ATTRACTS MAJOR PLAYERS
43-44
According to recent reports, two of the
leading German pharmaceutical glass
producers are considering expanding
in Russia, through the establishment
of their production facilities in the local
market. German manufacturer Bayer,
recently announced plans to start
production in Russia. The production
of Type I pharmaceutical glass is
expected to be launched at the
capacities of the Ural glass plant, one
of Russia's largest glass factories. In
addition, Schott Glass, has recently
announced its plans to establish a
plant for the production of
pharmaceutical glass in Russia. Their
new plant is expected to be opened in
the Bor district of the Nizhny Novgorod
region during 2014-15. This article
takes a look at the Russian glass
market, as well as some issues the
manufacturers may face.
C 4682
ICG REPORTS ON PROGRESS FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL GLASS
ROADMAP
AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 22
Although there is a tendency to
associate little plastic bottles with
pharmaceuticals, people with severe
allergies (who carry an EpiPen, for
example), know there is a branch of
pharmaceuticals that relies on glass
packaging. According to the American
Pharmaceutical Review website, 98%
of injectable medications come in
glass containers (23BN/pa). Along
these lines, the strength and resilience
of pharmaceutical glass was the topic
at a recent meeting of the ICG. In
early March, the ICG convened a
special workshop in Berlin with a
group of experts from the glass and
pharmaceutical industries to discuss
their future R&D needs and to map a
course for continued development of
unbreakable and chemically resistant
glass. A release from the ICG reports
the meeting fostered a better
understanding of the interaction of the
glass surface with pharmaceutical
products, including delamination
phenomena, adsorption effects and
the influence of big molecules, that
were seen as short term projects" that
could be addressed by 2015. The ICG
Page 11 of 116
went on to say that other issues
related to glass quality variances,
extractable and leachable metal ions,
and lubricants also could be solved by
around 2015. However, the group
said that more years would be needed
to address "the fragililty of glass which
creates problems in handling and
device usage, transport and also
particle contamination such as the
effect of silicon oil and the deactivation
of large molecules." Participants also
recommended the ICG create a
technical committee on glasses for
pharmacy.
C 4683
[MARKETS] THE MARKET FOR
BEER
MINTEL DEC 2011 www.mintel.com
A recent report from UK market
research firm Mintel entitled "Beer"
reports that according to Jonny
Forsyth, Senir Drinks Analyst, Lager
can undoubtedly innovate its way out
of its current slump. If ever there was
doubt about the importance of
innovation in driving sales this can be
dispelled by the value which flavoured
vodkas plus pear and other fruitflavoured ciders have added to their
respective youth-orientated
categories. Some questions answered
in this report include: How can beer
unlock the potential of off-trade sales?
Are UK lager sales in permanent freefall or will they recover? Can lager
innovate its way out of its current
slump? Can lager realistically attract
UK women in sufficient numbers to
stabilise overall sales?
C 3684
[MARKETS] KIRIN HOLDINGS AND
BEER
http://www.euromonitor.com/kirinholdings-co-ltd-in-beer/report
Euromonitor International's report on
Kirin Holdings Co Ltd delivers a
detailed strategic analysis of the
company's business, examining its
performance in the Beer market and
the global economy. Company and
market share data provide a detailed
look at the financial position of Kirin
Holdings Co Ltd, while in-depth
qualitative analysis will help you
understand the brand strategy and
growth prospects of Kirin Holdings Co
Ltd This report examines: Company
share by region and sector; Brand
portfolio; New product developments;
Marketing and distribution strategies A
detailed SWOT analysis of Kirin
Holdings Co Ltd provides strategic
intelligence on: Strengths and
weaknesses; Category and country
opportunities for growth; Challenges
and threats from current competition
and future prospects; Global and
regional market positions.
C 4685
GLOBAL PROSPECTS FOR BEER
COMPANIES
http://www.euromonitor.com/globalprospects-for-beer-companies/report
Global beer volume continued to grow
in 2011, thanks to strong growth in
emerging markets, but mature beer
markets continued to register declines.
As beer volume growth is forecast to
continue to be driven by developing
markets, companies will need to focus
on extending their geographic reach,
whilst in sluggish mature markets they
have to look to maximise value. This
global briefing analyses how company
strategies are evolving and what are
the opportunities for beer companies
in the future. What this report includes
is: Up-to-the minute analysis of the
latest trends in the industry; New
product development, forecasts and
other themes; Unique graphics and
illustrated case studies; Most recent
brand and company news: New insight
into the size and shape of the market.
C 4686
GLASS IS FIRST FOR BEERS, BUT
UNDER THREAT FROM CANS
http://www.euromonitor.com/containerglass-can-it-survive-trying-marketconditions-/report
In 2009, global retail beer packaging
consumption amounted to 261BN
units, with glass bottles maintaining
position as consumers' first choice
pack type for beer, accounting for 59%
Page 12 of 116
or retail beer sales (ref: Euromonitor).
However, the metal beverage can
continues to build on its presence,
recording a dynamic 7% increase in
sales in 2009 as against a more
modest 2.5% increase recorded by
glass bottle sales. The greatest
volume gains for glass are being
enerated in Asia Pacific. The split in
glass bottle sales for beers by region
in 2009 was: Asia Pacific 33%:
Western Europe 18%; Latin America
18%; Eastern Europe 14%; Middle
East & Africa 2%; Australasia 2%. In
2004, the percentage ratio with
regards to global retail beer packaging
mix was 61% glass vs 39% cans. In
2009 the figure was 59% glass as
opposed to 41% cans, and
Euromonitor forecast that in 2013, this
data will read a 50-50% split between
the two.
C 4687
[GLOBAL GLASS CONTAINER
MARKETS] GLASS RETURNS TO
GROWTH: THE OUTLOOK IN FOOD
AND BEVERAGES
http://www.euromonitor.com/glassreturns-to-growth-the-outlook-in-foodand-beverages/report
This report from Euromonitor
(November, 2011) reports that after a
couple of sombre years, with 2009
marking the depths of the global
economic downturn, glass has shown
a more positive outlook, with global
retail unit volume sales up by 1% in
2010. Global demand for glass is
forecast to increase by a further 2% in
2011, to reach 309.5BN units. The
emrging market economies of Asia
Pacific and Latin America are intrinsic
to this recovery, as saturated
consumption levels in North American
and Western Europe, further
compouded by financial difficulties in
the Eurozone make for a weakened
volume growth outlook across many
developed economies.
C 4688
[FORMING] VISION TECHNOLOGY
FOR COSMETIC INSPECTION
GMPA 1/12 48
Pharmaceutical companies are
demanding more and more cosmetic
quality of containers. Manual
inspection is not an answer to such
needs, and its inconsistency is a
critical limit for glass packaging
manufacturers. Automatic inspection
is the right tool to increase efficiency
and respect pharmaceutical
requirements. Camera systems
measure exactly all defect sizes, while
manual inspection is subjected to the
skill of the operator. According to
statistics, manual inspection generates
a higher rate of false rejection (1025%), without preventing the risk of
defect releases. The effectiveness of
manual inspection is very sensitive to
the well-being of the operator, who
requires continuous training. On the
other hand, cameras are never sick.
Spami's automatic inspection systems
are used by converting companies
(and pharmaceutical companies) for
cosmetic inspection, which can be
either in-line (after the annealing
furnace), or off-line. High flexibility,
ease of use and inspection capabilities
make Spami systems suitable for any
type of visual contact.
C 4689
NEW PROCESS CONTROL
FEATURES FOR THE I-CARE HOTEND IMAGING SYSTEM
MSC & SGCC
GMPA 2/12 32-35
MSC and SGCC are two major players
of the hollow glass inspection market
with truly similar paths: almost half a
century of experience, and both
started as part of famous glassmakers.
MSC was created as a small
department of BSN in 1963, to invent
on-line inspection solutions for its
hollow glass production; and, in 1973,
SGCC started its existence as part of
Saint-Gobain to perform multiinspection on glass containers with the
first star-wheel principle machine.
After developing their fields of
expertise, SGCC and MSC became
independent entities providing
inspection equipment globally. In
2008, MSC and SGCC joined forces
Page 13 of 116
under the umbrella of Tiama Group to
offer complete inspection solutions
with the brand MSC & SGCC. Their
latest offerings are explained in this
article.
C 4690
[GLASS MARKETS] FUTRONIC MISSION EASTERN EUROPE POLAND
GMPA 2/12 36-41
Futronic is a leading international
supplier of complex automation
solutions. Sales and after-sales
service are taken care of by a network
of agents and partners acting on the
global player's behalf. Staff from the
Tettnang (Germany) headquarters
also make regular trips to all five
continents to pay personal visits to
customers. In April and June last
year, Stephan Pies and Marc
Meersschaut went to Poland to learn
more about the people who live there,
the local markets, and the key players
of its container glass industry. This
article describes what the two Futronic
envoys experienced on their travels.
C 4691
[EMHART & VETROPACK] A
MILESTONE FOR STRONGER AND
LIGHTER-WEIGHT GLASS
CONTAINERS
GMPA 2/12 43-45
Resistance to breakage and reduced
weight - these are the characteristics
usually requested for glass packaging.
These two features, described in this
article, will now be possible thanks to a
new process developed by Emhart
Glass, which will be installed at
Vetropack's glassworks in Austria, and
subsequently used in an industrial
production process for the first time.
C 4692
STOLZLE GLASS: A HISTORY OF
EXPERTISE AND SPECIALISATION
GMPA 2/12 71-75
An overview of glass manufacturer
Stolzle is given in this article. Situated
in the heart of Austria, Stolzle Glass
Group has a proud tradition of more
than 200 years'' glass production.
With five production sites located in
Austria, UK, Czech Republic and
Poland, together with a worldwide
distribution network, Stolzle competes
amongst the leading global players in
the field of glass.
C 4693
GLASS CONTAINER DEFECTS CAUSES AND REMEDIES
http://emhartglass.com/files/TW0738Causes%26Remedies_Secured.pdf
A good container is a container that
will go through the customer's filling
line without causing any difficulty and
will carry his product to the consumer.
It is, therefore, essential that before a
container is released for sale from the
glass plant, it successfully passes an
inspection with standards set to meet
the customer's needs. This document,
from Emhart Glass, offers remedies
which hopefully, give a basic
understanding of defects and their
causes. In some instances, several
remedies may be needed to correct
the causes. The publication can be
downloaded from Emhart's website:
http://emhartglass.com/files/TW0738Causes%26Remedies_Secured.pdf
C 4694
WINE PACKAGING GUIDELINES
http://www.wfa.org.au/files/media/2008
/Packaging_Guideline.pdf
The Winemakers' Federation of
Australia has published the "Wine
Packaging Guidelines" which is
available to download from:
http://www.wfa.org.au/files/media/2008
/Packaging_Guideline.pdf The
guidelines are intended to provide a
basic level of understanding of
fundamental wine packaging issues for
small-to-medium wineries and new
entrants into the industry. The expert
advice was provided by the WFA
Packaging Committee, which was
established to enable the development
of a unified position for the wine
industry with regard to packaging
related issues.
Page 14 of 116
C 4695
CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF
FOOD PACKAGING: AN
EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION IN
POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA
K VENTER ET AL
DEPT CONSUMER SCI, N-WEST
UNIVERSITY, POTCHEFSTROOM, S
AFRICA
INTERNATIONAL J CONSUMER
STUDIES 35 3 MAY 2011 273-281
Consumers form perceptions of
various food products through their
comprehension of the visual stimuli on
food packaging that attract their
attention. These perceptions directly
affect their purchasing decision at the
point of purchase, which emphasizes
the importance of attention-capturing
packaging attributes. However, little
research is available regarding
consumers' perceptions of food
packaging, especially in the South
African context. This study aimed to
explore a sample of South African
consumers' perceptions of food
packaging and how these perceptions
were formed through the perceptual
process. A qualitative, exploratory
study was conducted by means of 25
semi-structured interviews and through
the use of ambiguous mock packaging
as a projective technique. Participants
were questioned regarding their
general perceptions of food packaging.
The attention-capturing ability of
packaging as well as consumers'
interpretation of this packaging after
exposure to the mock packaging was
also discussed. Findings from the
study indicated that participants mainly
based their perception of food
packaging on its functional (being
purposive, recyclable and informative)
and physical attributes (being
attractive, of high quality and
hygienic). This study also indicated
that information and visual attributes of
packaging are important to gain
consumers' attention in-store.
Participants' comprehension of
packaging included general
associations of specific food products
with certain types of packaging, such
as associations with quality and shelf
life. Negative associations with
packaging mostly entailed difficulty to
handle the product, poor quality of the
product and environmental problems.
This study identifies those product
attributes that participants regarded as
the most important stimuli for forming
positive perceptions regarding food
packaging. It is important for
manufacturers to pay attention to the
information on perceptions that was
gained in this study, as it might help
them to create packaging that better
fulfil consumer needs. These findings
could also be applied in a larger study
of a quantitative nature, which will
ultimately result in more positive
consumer shopping experiences and
consumer satisfaction regarding food
packaging.
C 4696
FOOD PACKAGING - ROLES,
MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES
K MARSH & B BUGUSU
K MARSH & ASSOCIATES & INST
FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, USA
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11
11/j.1750-3841.2007.00301.x/full
The Institute of Food Technologists
has issued this Scientific Status
Summary to update readers on food
packaging and its impact on the
environment. Advances in food
processing and food packaging play a
primary role in keeping the U.S. food
supply among the safest in the world.
Simply stated, packaging maintains
the benefits of food processing after
the process is complete, enabling
foods to travel safely for long
distances from their point of origin and
still be wholesome at the time of
consumption. However, packaging
technology must balance food
protection with other issues, including
energy and material costs, heightened
social and environmental
consciousness, and strict regulations
on pollutants and disposal of municipal
Page 15 of 116
solid waste. Municipal solid waste
(MSW) consists of items commonly
thrown away, including packages, food
scraps, yard trimmings, and durable
items such as refrigerators and
computers. Legislative and regulatory
efforts to control packaging are based
on the mistaken perception that
packaging is the major burden of
MSW. Instead, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) found that
approximately only 31% of the MSW
generated in 2005 was from
packaging-related materials, including
glass, metal, plastic, paper, and
paperboard a percentage that has
remained relatively constant since the
1990s despite an increase in the total
amount of MSW. Nonpackaging
sources such as newsprint, telephone
books, and office communication
generate more than twice as much
MSW (EPA 2006a). Food is the only
product class typically consumed 3
times per day by every person.
Consequently, food packaging
accounts for almost two-thirds of total
packaging waste by volume (Hunt and
others 1990). Moreover, food
packaging is approximately 50% (by
weight) of total packaging sales.
Although the specific knowledge
available has changed since
publication of the 1st Scientific Status
Summary on the relationship between
packaging and MSW (IFT 1991), the
issue remains poorly understood,
complicating efforts to address the
environmental impact of discarded
packaging materials. This article
describes the role of food packaging in
the food supply chain, the types of
materials used in food packaging, and
the impact of food packaging on the
environment. In addition, this
document provides an overview of
EPA's solid waste management
guidelines and other waste
management options. Finally, it
addresses disposal methods and
legislation on packaging disposal.
C 4697
SUPPLY AND DEMAND CHAIN
INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY
CONDUCTED IN THE PACKAGING
INDUSTRY
C DOMINIC
SUSTAINABILITY AND FORESIGHT,
INNVENTIA, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
PACKAGING TECHNOL & SCI APRIL
2012 - DOI: 10.1002/pts.1963
The purpose of this work was to study
the packaging supplier and the
integration of integrating packaging
suppliers into the supply and demand
chain (SDC). The packaging industry
has been analyzed using a structured
market analysis, and the companies
studied have been positioned in an
integration model for packaging
suppliers. In addition, case studies
were conducted to study the
development of the packaging industry
and its integration within the SDC in
the Scandinavian region. The analysis
shows that there are gaps in the
business relations between the
packaging companies studied and the
SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers
were not integrated into the SDC.
Valuable information, available in the
network, seldom reaches the
packaging supplier who holds the
knowledge necessary to create and
offer innovative packaging solutions.
The article provides an empirical
exploration into the field of packaging,
logistics and SDC integration and an
original conceptual framework that
could serve as a theoretical framework
for future research work applied in the
packaging industry and an interesting
business model to the increase
understanding of packaging supply
chain integration.
Page 16 of 116
C 4698
ATTRIBUTES OF PACKAGING AND
INFLUENCES ON WASTE
J LANGLEY ET AL
SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY
PACKAGING TECHNOL & SCI 24 3
APRIL-MAY 2011 161-175 DOI:
10.1002/pts.924
An important area of focus for the
reduction of domestic waste is
packaging and food packaging
specifically. At some point in the life of
packaging in the consumers' home,
the packaging goes through a
transition from something of use, of
value and of worth to the consumer to
something that is no longer any of
these. Being able to identify attributes
of packaging that might have an
impact on this transitional point to
change the use or value so that the
packaging is re-used, recycled or
composted rather than being landfilled is very important in successfully
diverting packaging waste from landfill.
This research aimed to conduct a
variety of tests to identify attributes of
packaging that have an influence on
the eventual waste route and to
determine what that influence was.
The research included an extensive
literature study looking at consumer
test methods, current waste and
packaging waste studies, and
packaging design literature. This was
followed by a series of four tests: bin
raids , digital diary , visual survey
and ethnography . These tests were
designed to determine how consumers
would treat specific examples of
packaging in an end-of-life scenario
and what influences those decisions.
C 4699
SCALPING OF FLAVOURS IN
PACKAGED FOODS
M G SAJILATA ET AL
INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY, MUMBAI, INDIA
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN
FOOD SCIENCE & FOOD SAFETY 6
1 2007 17-35
Food packaging, although an integral
part of the food chain, has a major
drawback in that, often, the packaging
material interacts with the flavor
constituents of the food, causing either
a selective or an extensive loss of
desirable food flavors or absorption of
undesirable off-flavors from the
packaging material, thereby resulting
in an eventual loss of quality of the
packaged food item. The process is
called scalping and is of great
concern to the food industry, which is
always looking out for new avenues in
packaging solutions for its final
product quality needs. The review
highlights the various attributes of the
scalping process, explores
approaches to the reduction of the
manifested undesirable effects, and
covers other relevant aspects.
C 4700
THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL
RELEVANCE OF VISIBLE
PARTICLES IN PARENTERAL
DRUGS
L DOESSEGGER ET AL
PHARMA DEV SAFETY RISK
MANAGEMENT, BASEL,
SWITZERLAND
J PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 101
8 2012 2635-2644 DOI:
10.1002/jps.23217
Visible particulates (VP) are one
subclass of defects seen during the
final visual inspection of parenteral
products and are currently one of the
top ten reasons for recalls 1,2. The
risk posed by particles is still unclear
with limited experience reported in
humans but remains an important
consideration during the manufacture
and use of parenteral products. From
the experimental and clinical
knowledge of the distribution of
particulate matter in the body, clinical
complications would include events
occurring around parenteral
administration e.g., as a result of
mechanical pulmonary artery
obstruction and injection site reaction,
Page 17 of 116
or sub-acute or chronic events e.g.,
granuloma. The challenge is to better
understand the implication for patients
of single vials with VP and align the
risk with the probabilistic detection
process used by manufacturers for
accept/reject decisions of individual
units of product.
C 4701
LIPSTICK, POWDER AND PAINT COSMETIC PACAKGING PROVIDES
SUB-CONTINENTAL BOOST
R GUNASKERA
ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 3738, 41
In this article, Rohan Gunaskera dons
the lipstick, and finds out why cosmetic
packaging trends in Asia are providing
lucrative returns for the continent's
glass container companies.
C 4702
GOING GREEN PROVES TOUGH
FOR HONG KONG
ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 16
April Lai is a woman with a mission.
Every Thursday and Saturday, she
spends 2.5/hours at a public trash
collection point in the Wan Chai district
of Hong Kong, home to some of the
city's most colourful nightlife and
scores of bars, clubs and restaurants.
Her goal: to collect glass. Wine
bottles, beer bottles, jam jars, soy
sauce bottles - she will take them all.
Most of the glass is brought in from a
few dozen bars in Wan Chai and in
Soho, another bar-studded
neighbourhood in this Asian financial
hub. And sometimes Hong Kong
residents come to her little spot among
the skyscrapers to bring their offerings.
Each haul from the bars brings in
between two and three tons of glass
on average - not bad, given that the
resources of Green Glass Green, the
tiny non-governmental organisation
managed by Ms Lai, extend to just a
few part-time drivers and volunteers.
The destination for this glass is
Tiostone Environmental, whose small
factory on the outskirts of Hong Kong
makes paving stones from trash.
C 4703
ALLIED GLASS EXPECTS 2012
SALES BOOST
Allied Glass has revealed it expects
2012 sales to exceed £100m. The
company, which has reported
increased revenue of £97M to 31
December 2011, said its performance
was being driven by rising demand in
emerging markets. Revenue in 2011
had increased by 13% from £86M in
the previous year. The sales rise has
been fuelled by demand for spirits in
emerging markets such as China,
India, Russia and South America.
Allied designs and manufactures
bottles supplying many of the world's
leading brands. Steve O'Hare, nonexecutive director of Allied Glass said:
"Allied Glass is a great example of a
UK manufacturer that has benefited
from the growth of consumer spending
in the BRIC countries and other
emerging markets. The company's
strength lies in its manufacturing
expertise, which is clearly attractive to
the leading beverage firms it supplies
because of the complexity of many of
the glass designs. I am confident that
the growth will continue through 2012
and I expect the business to break the
£100M mark before the end of the
year."
C 4704
RUSSIA: OMSK GLASS FACTORY
MAKES TEST BATCH OF BEER
BOTTLES
www.glassonline.com 11 JULY 2012
Serial production of lightweight glass
containers for the beer industry is
reportedly to begin at the Omsk glass
factory in mid-July, using technology
that significantly reduces the weight of
the bottle, and increases its strength.
The first batch of 300 thousand pieces
has already been manufactured, and
Page 18 of 116
mass production will be started once
customers provide the necessary
parameters and approve the bottles.
The Omsk plant produces glass
bottles from clear glass, using natural
raw materials - enriched quartz sand
from the quarries of Ulyanovsk,
Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions. In
the near future raw materials from
Kormilovskogo will be used. NNPB
(Narrow Neck Press And Blow)
technology, already widely used in
Europe, enables to produce products
with less weight with the optimum
distribution of the glass. Standard 0.5
litre bottles weigh about 340g,
whereas with this technology their
weight is approximately 220g.
C 4705
[MARKETS] GLOBAL BEVERAGE
PACKAGING INDUSTRY
The most recent report from
ReportLinker analyzes the worldwide
markets for Global Beverage
Packaging in US$ million, with
separate comprehensive analytics for
the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, AsiaPacific, Latin America, and Rest of
World. Annual estimates and forecasts
are provided for the 2009-2017 period,
as well as a six-year historic analysis
for these markets. The report profiles
124 key and niche companies
including Alcoa, Inc., Amcor Limited,
Ampac Packaging, LLC, Anchor Glass
Container Corporation, AnheuserBusch, Inc., Metal Container
Corporation, Astrapak Ltd., Ball
Corporation, Berry Plastics
Corporation, Can-Pack S. A., CKS
Packaging, Inc., CCL Industries, Inc.,
Compagnie de Saint-Gobain, Constar
International, Inc., Crown Holdings,
Inc., DuPont Liqui-Box Corporation,
Exal Corporation, Graphic Packaging
Holdings Company, Graham
Packaging Company, L.P.,
MeadWestvaco Corporation, OwensIllinois, Inc., Pactiv Corporation,
Plastipak Packaging, Inc., Pretium
Packaging LLC, Rexam Plc, RPC
Group Plc, SIG Combibloc Group,
Silgan Holdings, Inc., Southeastern
Container, Inc., and Tetra Laval
International SA. Market data and
analytics are developed from primary
and secondary research, while
company profiles are primarily based
upon search engine sources in the
public domain.
C 4706
FEVE: GLASS PACKAGING
PRODUCTION SEES BUOYANT
GROWTH IN 2011
www.feve.org
Glass packaging production volumes
in Europe grew by 4.2% in 2011
according to data published by the
European Container Glass Federation
(FEVE). The growth confirms the
increase recorded in the first half of
2011 (4.7%), and builds on a positive
trend after the 2009 financial crisis.
Production figures are back to 2006
levels. The total production volume in
Europe was 21.7 million tonnes as
against 20.8 million tonnes in 2010.
Considering market diversification, as
well as major progress made in lightweighting, it is conservatively
estimated that more than 50 billion
units were produced by about 160
plants in Europe for domestic and
international markets. The year 2011
marked a strong recovery of the
industry production volumes to satisfy
an increasing local demand, but also a
rise of exports outside of Europe. This
clearly confirms that the industry is a
very stable economic reality in Europe,
notwithstanding increasing competition
from other materials and an unclear
economic framework, says FEVE
President Stefan Jaenecke. It is quite
reassuring in a situation of current
macroeconomic uncertainty. Strong
growth was recorded in some leading
markets, such as in Germany (7.3%),
France (5.0%), Spain (4.4%), as well
as in Portugal (3%) and in Italy (1.8%).
The situation was stable in the UK (0.3%) and Poland (0.5%), while
Turkey confirmed the exponential
growth trend of the previous years,
although at a slower pace (5.5%). To
read more, please visit:
http://www.feve.org/index.php?option=
Page 19 of 116
com_content&view=article&id=10&Ite
mid=11
C 4707
BEATSON CLARK AND RAWLINGS
DEVELOP LIGHTWEIGHT COFFEE
JAR
www.beatsonclark.co.uk JUNE 2012
When premium coffee producer Little s
needed to source a new jar for its
range of flavoured instant coffees
glass manufacturer Beatson Clark was
able to step in with a new
lightweighted jar at a competitive price.
The family-run Devon-based speciality
coffee roaster had been experiencing
difficulties with its European supplier
and was looking for a UK
manufacturer to provide glass
containers for its instant coffees.
Little s were working closely with
independent packaging specialist
Rawlings to guide them through the jar
manufacturing process and
Rotherham-based Beatson Clark was
able to provide the premium solution. It
was a bespoke, high-quality, low-cost
product which appealed to Little s in
part because it was lighter than the jar
they had previously used. The
Beatson Clark solution ticked all the
boxes for Little s quality brand and the
speed to production has been
incredible, said Thomas Wood,
Managing Director at Rawlings. Our
main focus was consistent supply,
said Will Little. We wanted to use a
UK manufacturer and we were really
impressed with both how competitive
the price was and the quality of the
product. Our coffees are at the
premium end of the market and the
quality of the packaging is very
important to us. We really liked the
lightweight option for our jar too, and
the cost and environmental benefits
that this brings.
C 4708
[GEORGIA] KASHURI CONTAINER
GLASS PLANT COMPLETED
ASIAN GLASS JUNE/JULY 2012 7
President of Georgia Mikheil
Saskashvili has recently attended the
ceremony of start of construction of a
JV for glass container production in
the Kashuri region of Shida Kartli,
eastern Georgia. Construction of the
glass container factory will be carried
out by Inter Glass Georgia, 60%
owned by Azerbaijan's Inter Glass
Azerbaijan, and 40% Georgia's Gas
Transportation Company. The project
is expected to cost around 30M lari
(around US$ 18.4M), and will employ
200 local residents. The factory will
operate mainly on local raw materials
(80%) and will produce around 100M
glass containers/pa. Construction of
the factory is expected to be complete
by January 2013.
C 4709
[TAJIKISTAN] NEW LINE IN
CONTAINERS FOR
CONSTRUCTION GLASS FIRM
ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 7
Kairakum in Sughd, Tajikistan, one of
the country's leading companies of
construction glass has launched a new
line for the production of one litre and
two litre glass jars. The daily design
capacity of the new production line will
be 20,000 units/pd, doubling the
company's current output of 10,000.
The company was created in 2011,
and operates under the State
Programme for the Development of
Building Materials until 2015. It also
produces 1.3M sq/m of construction
glass/pa.
C 4710
AIGMF UNVEILS PACKAGING LCA
The All India Glass Manufacturers'
Federation (AIGMF) recently launched
the first ever ISO 14040/44 compliant
and independently reviewed cradle-tocradle Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) study
on glass packaging. It has been
commissioned by AIGMF and
executed by PE Sustainability India,
subsidiary of PE International AG,
Germany. The study affirms the green
potential of glass as a packaging
medium ith its prospect to be the
Page 20 of 116
packaging medium posing the lowest
hazard in human toxicity potential
(HTP - toxicological impact on human),
terrestric ecotoxicity potential (TETP toxicological impact on water and
soils) and photochem, ozone creation
potential (POCP - interferes with
ozone creation) compared to other
forms of packaging. The study was
conducted by data collection from 28
furnaces representing 72% of Indian
glass container production. It is in line
with the methodology followed for the
GPI (Glass Packaging Institute), and
FEVE. It examines the impact of
every stage in the life cycle of glass
containers, from raw material
extraction to end-use. Based on the
recommendations from the report on
lightweighting glass and increasing
cullet recycling, major players of the
industry, including: HNG, Piramal, AGI
Glaspac & Vitrum Glass are planning
to undertake measures to improve the
green profile of glass. These glass
manufacturers plan to bring about this
by initiating weight reductions of glass
by as much as 20% through
deployment of international
technologies such as NNPB by 2015.
They also want to focus on converting
from furnace oil as fuel in container
glass furnaces to natural gas to 50%
from the present 30% over the next
three years. This will lead to an
opportunity for earning carbon credits
to the tune of 1.2M for every 10M/t
production. Other initiatives include
maximising cullet recycling from the
current all-India average of 35% to
50% in 2015, resulting in a reduction
of carbon footprint by 22%.
C 4711
MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE CONTAINER GLASS SURGE IN
SOUTH EAST ASIA
ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 3638, 41, 43
This article discusses how varying
container glass growth patterns are
emerging across South East Asia.
Confidence in the commercial
prospects for the glass sector in
Vietnam has risen sharply in recent
months. Although Malaysia is a more
mature economy than some of its
southeast Asian neighbours
(Indonesia & Vietnam), it has an
expanding drinks sector which opens
numerous possibilities for bottle
manufactures and beverage
companies. After two years of political
upheaval between 2008 and 2010,
Thailand has returned to relative
stability, offering the prospect of strong
growth in the bottled beverage market,
as tourism increases once again and
the economy prospers, and Indonesia,
the 4th largest population in the world
with more than 237M people, is a very
large and growing market for glass
packaged beverage. The youth
segment alone is more than 40M
strong with an increasing appetite for
Western-branded goods - particularly
beers and soft drinks.
C 4712
ASEAN's GREEN SCENE - THE
CHALLENGE OF CULLET
COLLECTION
J AHMED
ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 44,
46, 48, 50-51, 53
The shortage of quality cullet in the
necessary amounts has been driving
the glass manufacturers, especially
the container industry in the bloc of
Association of South East Asian
Nations (ASEAN) to go for duty free
imports from the group members and
the bloc associates of North-East
Asian countries to improve the level of
recycled glass to at least 40%, which
is already being achieved in Thailand.
This article discusses how cullet
shortages across South East Asia
continue to pose problems for the
region's container glass makers.
C 4713
[EMHART] INNOVATIONS ABOUND
- ISIS WALL THICKNESS GAUGE
UNVEILED
PRESS RELEASE JULY 2012
This new gauge option for the ISIS
Dimensional Gauge is an integral part
of its MiniLab Glass Container
Measurement System. This new
Page 21 of 116
option provides the ability for
automated mold-correlated wall
thickness measurement of glass
containers on a sampling basis. The
wall Thickness Gauge uses a single
non-contact chromatic sensor with a
10um spot size to measure the wall
thickness of glass containers from 1 to
10mm with a repeatability of +/0.15mm. A servo-controlled linear
slide automatically keeps the
chromatic sensor at optimal distance
from the surface of round and nonround containers during the entire
measurement sequence. Once
installed and calibrated, the Wall
Thickness Gauge does not require any
mechanical adjustment. When
creating a job, the operator simply
specifies the distance from the top of
base of the container the different wall
thickness measurements should be
performed. Up to nine locations can
be specified, each with different
diameter and min/max limit values.
The ISIS elevator automatically
positions the container in front of the
sensor at the specified locations. The
wall thickness is measured 360
degrees around the container at each
location. The Wall Thickness Gauge
is available as an option on new ISIS
machines and as a field upgrade for
any machine already in operation.
C 4714
NEW GENERATION NECK RING
MECHANISM
www.emhartglass.com
Emhart Glass has announced a new
generation of neck ring mechanisms.
The new mechanisms feature closing
forces increased by 20%, optimised
airflow for improved synchronisation
motion and a fine-thread screw for
greater T-nut clamping force. The
tapered pin assembly has been
replaced with a strong, standardised
retaining ring assembly. The new
design offers higher clamping force for
the Neck Ring Holder Arm, and opens
up the possibility of higher revert
speeds. It allows for balanced
opening of right and left neck ring
cylinders, leading to fewer finish
checks. The increased stiffness also
enables improved precision, and the
unit as a whole is far easier to service.
The neck ring mechanism is fully
interchangeable with existing
mechanisms. Old and new versions of
the mechanism can be operated side
by side on the same machine.
However, many of the individual parts
within the new mechanism are not
compatible with earlier versions. The
new mechanism has part number:
191-5149-11. It is fully compatible
with the existing neck ring numbered:
19-5149-9, the production of which will
be discontinued when the new
mechanism launches in Q2, 2012. A
quick change version has also been
developed, offering the same feature
set and will bear the part number: 1915149-12 (replacing: 191-5149-10) and
launch in Q3, 2012.
C 4715
MEXICAN FOREHEARTH
COLOURING SUCCESS
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 8
The Nueva Fabrica Nacionale de
Vidrio (Fanal) glass container plant
near Mexico City has recently installed
a Ferro forehearth colouring system.
Part of Grupo Modelo, home of the
internationally renowned Corona Extra
beer, Fanal has been a key customer
for Ferro decorative enamels for many
years. Recognising the added value
potential of Ferro's foreherath
colouring technology, the glass maker
took the opportunity to install a
colouring line as part of a recent
forehearth rebuild programme. Ferro
helped with the design of the line and
supplied its standard equipment
package, including refractory stirrers
and colourant feeding system. Its
engineers were on hand to oversee
the plant's commissioning and start up
during Q4 2011.
C 4716
FIRST SCREW-CAP SPARKLING
WINE BOTTLES DOWN UNDER
Page 22 of 116
Guala Closures Australia and O-I have
launched Australia's first screwcapped sparkling wine bottles for De
Bortoli Wines. The Viva closure was
developed locally by Guala Closures
Australia in response to ongoing
complaints from industry and
consumers about traditional corkclosed sparkling wines, including
opening difficulty and loss of
carbonation. Guala worked in
collaboration with O-I to develop a
bottle specifically designed to fit the
closure, while maintaining a premium
image and key dimensions to match
existing filling lines and secondary
packaging. The closure system took
five years to develop and significant
investment in R&D to ensure it was
suited to traditional 5-gas-volume
sparkling wines.
C 4717
EMBOSSED BOTTLE FOR SICILY's
VOLCANIC WINES
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULY-AUGUST
2012 36
O-I's Marsala plant, close to Palermo
on the north western tip of Sicily, has
produced a distinctive embossed
bottle for one of the region's premium
wines. Since 1898, Cantine Nicosia
has been committed to cultivating its
rare native vines on the slopes of
Sicily's Etna volcano. One of these is
the Nerello Mascalese vine, the origin
of the company's "volcanic" Etna
Rosso wine, which has been awarded
a DOC certification. To package this
vibrant and individual wine, and the
Etna Bianco, a bottle has been
developed that preserves the special
characteristics of the wines and
communicates the heritage of Cantine
Nicosia to local and international
markets. O-I have collaborated
closely with the wine producer to
define a brief for the 75cl bottle design.
The bottle is characterised by
prominent, curvaceous shoulders and
a distinctive base, which forms a
pedestal on which the embossed
name "Nicosia" stands out.
C 4718
HIGH PERFORMANCE RADAR FOR
INNOVATIVE GREEN AGGREGATE
SIEMENS, CANADA
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 54, 56
What happens to the coloured glass
that cannot be recycled or pieces that
have become too fine to use in other
glass products? What if that beer
bottle eventually came part of the tile
adhesive used in a bathroom
renovation? For the past quarter of a
century, Dennert Poraver GmbH,
known in Canada as Poraver North
American, has been doing just that, as
C 4719
PACKAGING WASTE IN SWEDEN:
ECONOMICS AND POLICY
http://www.cserge.ac.uk/sites/default/fil
es/wm_1992_05.pdf
Increased recognition of the limited
assimilative capacity of the
environment has led to stricter
environmental regulation of waste
treatment. The costs of waste
disposal have consequently risen, and
with increased volumes of waste,
landfill space can be regarded as a
scarce resource. It is thus clear that a
general policy on waste management
should reduce the levels of waste that
are created. Recent policy attention
on packaging calls for an economic
evaluation of proposed measures and
policy options. The proposal of
producer responsibility for the takeback of packaging is in its nature an
command and control approach to the
problem. The regulatory agency
stipulates a goal, with or without a
basis in social cost-benefit analysis
and this goal has to be reached by all
concerned. It leaves little flexibility as
to which method to be used to reach
reductions in waste. The economic
instruments used in Sweden - a
Page 23 of 116
deposit-refund system and a beverage
container charge, are analysed.
Trippage rates for glass containers are
shown on page 28.
system reportedly took five years to
develop and significant investment in
R&D to ensure it was suited to
traditional 5-gas-volume sparkling
wines.
C 4718
[USA] O-I INTRODUCES JAR WITH
POURING SPOUT
GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE/12 3
Owens-Illinois (O-I) has announced
that it is testing a jar with a different
shape of pouring spout, which it claims
is unique in the sector. The
VersaFlow jar is aimed at eliminating
the potential of mess caused by jars
with rounded openings that can lead to
spills or food waste. According to the
company, the jar can be adapted to a
variety of shapes and sizes for the
food and beverage industry and could
be commercially available in four to
five months. "VersaFlow is about
adapting for modern life. We looked at
how traditional containers would leave
a mess of food that accumulates
around the rim. This leads to
consumers throwing away food before
it is all used," said Stephanie
Johnston, O-I Director of Global
Commercial Strategic Planning.
C 4720
GETTING THE SCOOP ON
LUBRICATION
M JOHNSTON
GRAPHOIDAL DEVELOPMENTS, UK
GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012
37-38
With an emphasis on minimising the
use of oil and water in the glass
manufacturing process, evaporationcooling systems are becoming more
common. In this article, Mark
Johnson, from Graphoidal
Developments highlights the benefits
of cooling at the shear sprays, but also
on the problems at the scoops due to
insufficient lubrication.
C 4719
[AUSTRALIA] WINE BOTTLES WITH
EXTRA SPARKLE
Guala Closures Australia and O-I, two
of Australia's leading packaging
suppliers, have announced the launch
of the country's first screw-capped
sparkling wine bottles for De Bortoli
Wines. The new screw-cap closure
named Viiva, was developed locally by
Guala Closures Australia in response
to ongoing complaints from industry
and consumers about traditional corkclosed sparkling wines surrounding
opening difficulty and loss of
carbonation. Guala Closures Australia
worked in collaboration with O-I to
develop a bottle specifically designed
to fit the closure, while maintaining a
premium image and key dimensions to
match existing filling lines and
secondary packaging. The closure
DOMESTIC
D 1275
RARELY SEEN AND UNUSUAL
GLASS
W LIEBERMAN
THE GLASS ART SOCIETY
JOURNAL 2011 62-63
In this article the author shares his
interest of unusual glassware,
describing the many things he's
discovered over the years. The author
describes these items in more detail
on a Facebook photo album called
"Rarely Seen and Unusual Glass." A
Corning Glass Works and Saunders
Machine and Tool Corporation Silver
Streak Electric Iron, made of
borosilicate glass, metal, fabric, and
plastic from 1946 is just one of the
items shown.
D 1276
HOLOGRAPHY, GLASS, AND THE
EXPLORATION OF LIGHT-SPACE
A MUTH
JOURNAL 2011, 67-69
When light interacts with a physical
substance, it is transformed into a form
Page 24 of 116
that can be recognized by the human
eye and we are able to see and
perceive a visual world. In many
ways, holograms manifest our
dimensional world in a similar way. In
essence, holograms are a light and
space recording of our physical world,
as explained in this paper.
D 1277
USING COPPER TUBING TO BLOW
GLASS
R G MILLER
JOURNAL 2011, 88-89
In this article the author describes a
highly effective technique he
developed about 15 years ago for
successfully working soda-lime glass
on copper tubing.
D 1278
HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN
ELECTRIC GLASS FURNACE
A PARKER
JOURNAL 2011, 90-93
In this paper the author describes how
he came about building his own
electric glass furnace, capable of
melting 100 lbs of glass at 2250 deg
C, using 3740KW/month, melting 90,
96, or 106 COE glass.
D 1279
ENERGY SAVING IN GLASS
PRODUCTION MACHINES
ATHENA ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
GMPA 1/12 24-28
Glassmaking is complex, time-taking
and energy consuming. In fact, to
produce high-quality glass items, a
great deal of energy is used to melt
the raw materials, maintain the molten
glass at the correct temperature, and
then to cool down the finished items.
The industry is continuously looking for
ways to reduce energy consumption changing fuel, machinery and speed of
production. However, according to
French-based machinery maker,
Athena, now it seems that there is a
sure way of reducing energy
consumption, as detailed in this article.
D 1280
[FORMING] STEMWARE,
TECHNICAL-WARE, SPUN-WARE
FORMING: ADVANCED MACHINES
FOR A WORLDWIDE MARKET
GMPA 1/12 44-46
Today's tableware market is
continuously looking for higher quality
and higher efficiency machines to
catch the growing market of stemware
and spinware. Olivotto Glass
Technologies (OGT), with its
considerable experience, has
developed a series of machines to
satisfy all processes, as well as all
sizes of production capacity, which are
described in this article.
D 1281
CRUCIBLE FURNACE CUSTOMISES
GLASS
34
Paragon has introduced the Trifecta
glass blower's kiln, designed for glass
blowers who make custom glass
colours, blown vessels and neon
tubing. According to the company, the
kiln holds three crucibles, which are
accessed through nine-inch holes in
the lid. The three crucible holes each
include a firebrick crucible cover with a
wooden handle. The lid, which does
not have a hinge, is held in place with
four T-handle spring latches and four
hand lifts are mounted to the lid. The
three-inch thick, K-25 insulating
refractory firebrick walls are wrapped
with a ceramic fibre blanket between
the firebricks and stainless steel case.
As with the wall bricks, the K-25
firebrick lid and bottom are three
inches thick. The crucibles can be
viewed through the tapered peephole
in the side of the kiln. An S-Type
platinum thermocouple and a mercury
relay are standard on the Trifecta kiln.
After receiving a signal from the digital
controller, the relay sends power to the
Page 25 of 116
heating elements. The separate
bottom section is held in place with
four T-handle spring latches, therefore
should a crucible crack during firing
and leak glass onto the firebrick
bottom, the bottom section can be
quickly replaced.
D 1282
FACTORY COMPLETES FURNACE
REPAIR
35
A division of tableware manufacturer
Arc International, Arc Glass Melting
Solutions (AGMS), has recently
carried out the demolition and
reconstruction of a soda-lime furnace
in one of its subsidiaries. The task
was particularly delicate because it
was a partial repair. The wear of the
bottom paving was assessed in order
to eliminate the slabs that had to be
changed. The bubblers were alsoredrilled in order to implement new ones
with larger AZS carrots. The dam all
and throat were dismantled and
replaced with new refractories. Each
of these jobs were completed in
accordance with the existing
expansion joints that could be
redesigned. The company was
required to carry out an efficient repair
compatible with strict economical
constraints. The complex AZS pieces
were machined in its refractory shop in
Arques, France.
which showed that, in certain cases,
this structure could cause serious
defects, in that some of the bubbles
extended right from the surface of the
enamel coat to the metal base. This
article attempts to decide, if possible,
how this structure originates, and also,
attempts to throw some light onto the
question of the contents of the
bubbles.
E 157
LEAD-FREE GLASS PASTES - A
BETTER BOND
CERAMIC INDUSTRY APRIL 2011
30-32
Due to rapid advances in consumer
electronics, automotive electronics and
mobile communication, the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
market is growing rapidly.
Applications for MEMS cover diverse
fields, including automotive,
aeronautics, consumer, defence,
industrial, medical and life science,
and telecommunications. Various
MEMS devices require a vacuum level
or controlled atmosphere operation to
ensure either good performance or an
acceptable operation lifetime.
Different wafer bonding technologies
are commercially used for MEMS
packaging. Among these, glass frit
bonding offers multiple advantages,
such as superior hermeticity, less
stringent surface roughness
requirements and tailored expansion
matching to the materials being joined.
ENAMEL
FLAT GLASS
E 156
FACTORS AFFECTING BUBBLE
FORMATION IN VITREOUS
ENAMELS
VITREOUS ENAMELLER
(INAUGURAL PAPER 1948)
AUTUMN/10 21-29
The fact that vitreous enamel coats
have a bubble-structure has been
realised for some considerable time,
but the matter was brought back into
prominence recently by a paper which
Charlish and Heeley gave to the IVE,
F 3256
BYSTRONIC GLASS: ENTRY MODEL
FOR INDUSTRIAL IG PRODUCTION
www.glassonline.com MARCH 2012
Bystronic glass has recently launched
the comfort line to the European
Market designed for the production of
insulating glass. Bernhard Schmitt,
Managing Director of Bystronic glass
in Neuhausen-Hamberg, Germany
states that, "Working with the line is
comfortable, quick and precise
providing the ideal entry into solution
Page 26 of 116
for industrial insulating glass
production." He explains: "At the same
time, the comfort line allows us to
reach out to customers who are
searching for an inexpensive
opportunity to expand their insulating
glass production capacity." 800 gasfilled insulating glass units can be
produced in rectangular or shaped
formats on the quick line per shift.
F 3257
[USA] SUDDEN CLOSURE OF
TRAINOR GLASS LIKELY TO CAUSE
RIPPLE EFFECT ACROSS THE
INDUSTRY
GLASS MAGAZINE APRIL 2012 8-9
Trainor Glass Co filed for voluntary
Chapter 11 bankruptcy with the
Northern District of Illinois US
Bankruptcy Court. Shortly thereafter,
the company filed a motion in the
case, seeking to use cash collateral
and obtain post-petition financing to
"pay for the costs of the preservation
and orderly liquidation of debtor's
assets, and to pay for the costs of
administration of the debtor's chapter
11 case," according to court
documents. First Midwest Bank, the
bank involved in the motion, "agreed
to allow Trainor to use a portion of its
cash collateral to pay for the prepetition wages due its former noninsider employees, and related payroll
obligations in an amount not to exceed
US$ 494,000."
F 3258
DEGRADATION OF GLASS AND
CERAMICS
S OLIVER
PILKINGTON UK
SHREIR's CORROSION 3 2009
2306 2318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978044452787-5.00177-3 Volume 3,
Pages 2306 2318
Glass is one of the engineer's most
useful and versatile materials. Its
properties can be engineered widely in
order to provide a range of physical,
mechanical, electrical, and optical
uses for practically every type of
environmental condition. The
transparency of glass facilitates
inspection of process operations and
minimizes the risk of failure due to
unsuspected corrosion, while its
hardness and smoothness contribute
to easy cleaning. The development of
glass-ceramic composites has further
extended the range of glassy
engineering materials. Glass-ceramics
combine the formability of glasses with
many of the advantageous properties
of ceramics and find application by
virtue of their strength and high
chemical durability particularly at
elevated temperatures. This chapter
comprises two contributions from the
3rd edition of Shreir: Glass and Glass
Ceramics by Oliver and Proctor; and
Vitreous Silica by May, which have
been combined by the editors, with
minor updating, for this current edition.
F 3259
FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY ON CRACK AND FALLOUT
OF TOUGHENED GLASS WITH
DIFFERENT THICKNESSES
Q XIE ET AL
FIRE AND MATERIALS 32 5 2008
293-306
The objective of this work is to analyze
the crack and fallout of toughened
glass with thicknesses of 6 and
10?mm in enclosure fires. A series of
full-scale experiments are conducted
in the ISO 9705 fire test room using
pool fires with different pan sizes,
which are located at the center of the
combustion room. The temperature
differences between the exposed
regions at the fire side and the shaded
regions at the ambient side for typical
edge positions are measured and
compared. The results of both 6- and
10-mm-thick toughened glass suggest
that the whole piece of toughened
glass cracks and falls out completely
when any region of the pane breaks.
Relatively large window vents may
come into being if the toughened glass
breaks. The experimental results also
preliminarily show that the critical
breakage temperature difference for
the 6-mm-thick toughened glass is
about 330 380°C, whereas the
Page 27 of 116
corresponding values for 10-mm-thick
toughened glass are approximately
470 590°C. It is suggested that the
critical breakage temperature
difference is larger for thicker
toughened glass. The experimental
phenomena for both 6- and 10-mmthick toughened glass indicate that
horizontally partitioning windows into
several small panes with frames may
be helpful and important to prevent the
whole large and tall toughened glass
from falling out completely in
enclosure fires.
F 3260
GLASS & METALS 301 - AN
ARCHITECT's GUIDE TO INTERIOR
GLASS
K DEVLIN
GLASS MAGAZINE APRIL 2012 2932
This article, the third part of a series,
provides an introductory look at interior
glass and the design possibilities it
offers for non-residential applications.
It also addresses common questions
and concerns regarding these types of
products.
F 3261
UTILISATION OF IMPLODED GLASS
IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
J CASSAR & J CAMILLEN
UNIVERSITY OF MALTA
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING
MATERIALS 29 2012 299-307
Land-filling waste has become a
problem and a waste in itself. Material
that is being land-filled can be reused
with minimal processing, reducing
demand on natural resources.
Concrete is an ideal material for the
reuse of glass and other waste
materials. Crushed glass has been
used as aggregate replacement
resulting in a poor bond and concrete
exhibiting alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
Reduction to finer particles and use as
cement replacement produced good
quality concrete that did not exhibit
ASR. The implosion technology
results in waste glass that is easier to
handle and of a much better quality to
reuse and is thus an improvement
over glass crushing. The aim of this
study was to compare concretes using
waste glass that had been either
crushed or imploded, replacing the
cement in 10-50% proportions.
F 3262
EMIRATES GLASS INAUGURATES
Dh160M COATING LINE
2012 8
Emirates Glass, a processor of
architectural flat glass in Dubai, has
opened a Dh160/M post-toughening
coating line that aims to boost
production capacity to more than 3.5M
3.5M square metres, according to
reports. UAE Minister of Economy,
Sultan Bin Saeed Al Mansouri,
inaugurated the coating line at
Emirates Glass, a subsidiary of Glass
LLC and wholly-owned by Dubai
Investments. Khalid Bin Kalban, MD
and CEO of Dubai Investments said:
"Reinstating Emirates Glass' position
as a pioneer in adopting technological
innovations, the new coating line will
enable the company to capitalise more
effectively ont eh burgeoning demand
for energy-efficient architectural glass."
Dubai Investments has also
announced an investment of Dh1.5BN
in four glass factories and plans to
invest an additional Dh800M in 201314. The expansion will also include
the upgrade of the Emirates float glass
facility in Abu Dhabi.
F 3263
INK VALIDATION IN PRINTED
GLASS
2012 58-59
In the March/April edition of Glass
Worldwide, Sylvia Muhr discussed the
importance of a complete glass
printing production line and how
automating the cleaning, priming and
printing processes is essential for high
volumes of glass panel printing. Of
greater importance when thinking
about investing in glass printing
equipment is thorough research into
inks and their performance on glass.
Page 28 of 116
F 3264
LIFTING HEAVY INSULATED
GLAZING UNITS
2012 78
With growing demand for triple IG
units, the requirements placed on
mean and machines in the handling of
insulating glass during production
become more demanding, as
F 3265
AMBITIOUS BUILDING
RENOVATION CAN SECURE
GROWTH
2012 100
The latest statement from Glass for
Europe comments that, at EU level,
there is growing awareness of the
necessity to make new and existing
buildings as energy efficient as
possible. This translates into two
important EU policy instruments; the
adoption in 2010 of the Energy
Performance of Buildings Directive
(EPBD) and the current debate on the
proposal for an Energy Efficiency
Directive (EED). The economic crisis
has been crippling the construction
sector throughout Europe and is
seriously affecting the flat glass and
glazing industries. The way out of this
difficult situation is known; accelerating
the rate of energy efficient renovations
of buildings will push the market
uptake of added-value glazing
solutions.
F 3266
[RUSSIA] VIBRANT FLAT GLASS
MARKET
S SINGH
2012 114, 116-118
The production and consumption of
flat glass in Russia has exploded in
recent times, new float lines having
come up one after another. The
product range has also improved and
there has been a transformation of the
competitive environment. The country
has the largest flat glass consumption
in Easter Europe with around 1.8M/t
consumed in 2010. GDP growth, brisk
construction and a rapidly developing
automotive sector are the main drivers
of flat glass consumption in Russia,
making it an ideal destination for float
glass producers and equipment
suppliers, as reported in this article.
F 3267
[BRAZIL] ASAHI GLASS MAY
EXPAND FACTORY BUILD
Asahi Glass is considering expanding
a factory it has recently started
constructing in Brazil in order to
double the facility's planned output of
automotive glass, according to reports.
The company anticipates a strong
increase in local demand for glass as
the nation's middle class grows and
more car manufacturers build vehicles
in teh region. "We are prepared to
boost production capacity," said
President, Kazuhiko Ishimura. "We
hope to do so early, in 2015 or later,"
he added. The factory, which is being
built in the state of Sao Paulo, will
reportedly begin shipments in the JulySeptember quarter of 2013. Under the
initial plan, the facility was planned to
have the capacity to produce 220,000/t
construction glass annually. It was
also expected to produce automotive
glass for 500,000 vehicles/pa. The
company is now considering raising
the target to 1M vehicles/pa.
F 3268
LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS HAS A
SILVER LINING
GLASS INTERNAITONAL MAY 2012
29-31
Due to environmental legislation aimed
at reducing carbon emissions and
energy use, the international building
community is striving to achieve netzero energy carbon neutral buildings.
This article details the benefits of
triple-silver, solar control, low-
Page 29 of 116
emissivity coatings on architectural
glass and presents evidence of the
environmental qualities through an
independent survey.
F 3269
ASIA: THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND
AUTOMOTIVE GLASS
32-35
Due to rising costs in the West, Asia
has become a desirable location for
glass manufacturers. Along with
growing demand in the domestic
automobile market, this has resulted in
an influx of automotive glass
producers moving to the region, as
well as the expansion of established
players. This article provides an
overview of the automotive glass
industry in China, Japan and India,
highlighting some of the major
manufacturers and their recent
development.
F 3270
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
DECORATES GLASS
INSTALLATIONS
36
DuPont SentryGlas Expressions, used
by Sharda Glass Digital, is a new
technology for decorative glazing that
brings together the power of digital
printing and imaging on glass. It
provides a way of incorporating
dramatic photography or artwork into
glass through the use of interlayers,
which are digitally printed in high
definition, using proprietary ink jet and
polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer
technology. The technology is aimed
at enabling virtually any image to be
reproduced in vibrant colour and
introduced into glass. The product
meets ANZI Z97 specifications for
safety glass and can be incorporated
into a range of glass applications,
including entry doors, overhead
glazing, balustrades and office
partitions. For more information,
please visit: www.shardaglass.co.uk
F 3271
GLASS IS KING IN MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
37-38
With a continuing trend towards using
glass in building design, architects are
tasked with creating aesthetic quality,
while ensuring efficiency and comfort.
This article explores the problems
associated with using glass facades
and how these can be overcome
through planning and technological
developments.
F 3272
[CHINA] DROP IN DEMAND FOR
FLOAT GLASS
GLASS-TECH INT 2/2012 24
According to the latest statistics from
the Ministry of Economy (NDRC),
market demand for float glass in China
is poor. However, demand for building
materials in China continued to
experience strong growth in 2011,
despite the tightening of government
action and, to some extent, slow
demand from the housing market.
Production in the flat glass sector is
damaged by excess capacity,
therefore, duplicates construction
problems. The main consumer of flat
glass - the private housing sector began to cool rapidly in China due to
government measures such as a ban
on the purchase of homes and stricter
requirements for advanced payment
for the last two years.Prices for flat
glass fell 27% in December/11
compared to the same period 2010. In
late 2011, stocks of flat glass were up
26.6% compared to the same period
2010. Manufacturers of flat glass saw
profits fall 80.3% year on year - to
CNY 1.47BN in the first 11 months of
2011. NDRC announced October
2011 that it would take action in
respect of national projects to build
capacity of flat glass to curb over-
Page 30 of 116
production of glass. The demand for
flat glass depends on the pace of the
housing sector as main consumer of
the material.
F 3273
LANDGLASS - ONGOING
DEVELOPMENTS - COMBINED
FORCED CONVECTION
GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL
2/2012 46-48
Landglass has, over the years,
introduced many new products to the
market, some of which are quite
influential, such as bending tempering
furnaces for auto sidelites, jumbo-size
bending tempering furnaces for
architectural glass, double curvature
bending tempering furnaces and jet
heating furnaces, to name a few. In
this article, the company presents its
most recent development - combined
tempering furnaces - which can, says
the company, eliminate quality defects
such as optical deformation
(waviness), spherical bending of thin
glass, hot spots on thick glass, white
haze and glass breaking inside the
furnace.
F 3274
ARCHITECTURE AND GLASS:
EFFICIENT INTERPLAY
2/2012 86-91
At international level, modern
architecture is, to a key extent,
influenced by spacious glass facades,
which create not only maximum
transparency, but also assume diverse
functions to ensure efficiency and
convenient utilisation. Their use,
however, is not entirely without
problems, which can be caused by
cold air in the winter and overheating
in the summer. All aspects need to be
thought through and controlled
carefully before installation, as
described in this paper.
F 3275
MARKET DYNAMICS OF
MATERIALS SUPPLY FOR PV IN
CHINA
M THIRSK
LINX CONSULTING, USA
PHOTOVOLTAICS, MAY 2012 40, 4244
China has become the largest
manufacturing base for crystalline
silicon modules in the world, and is
becoming increasingly reliant on a
domestic supply base. This article
discusses the emergence of local
supply chains and the strategic
response of global suppliers to this
domestic competition. It proceeds to
review a set of conclusions from four
case studies of formulated material
supply within China that can apply to
the supply-chain participants in the PV
industry, concluding with some
strategic considerations for suppliers
on the cusp of entering the Chinese
market.
F 3276
THE SIKA EXPERIENCE - PART 2:
BIGGER, BETTER, BRIGHTER
BONDED
INTELLIGENT GLASS SOLUTIONS
2/2012 73-81
Part one of The Sika Experience (IGS
Spring 2012) introduced readers to the
students and experts as they travelled
to IG manufacturing plants and
science laboratories across Europe to
get a better understanding about the
evolution of "Bonded Window
Systems." Now, in part two, the critical
factors driving this technology are
revealed, with a special focus on the
transformational impact of advanced
bonding solutions for the production of
double and triple glazed insulating
glass units (IGUs). Bigger glass
panes, better adhesive strength,
brighter interior spaces. Through R&D
Sika is well positioned in readiness for
the imminent market upswing.
F 3277
[VIETNAM[ NSG DELAYS FLOAT
LINE CONSTRUCTION
ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 11
Following a review of demand and
capacity in the supply of products for
the touch panel market, officials at the
NSG Group have decided to delay the
Page 31 of 116
company's plans to build a float line in
Veitnam to manufacture value-added
thin glass, according to a news
release. A revised timetable for the
project will be determined in due
course. NSG Ultra Fine Flat glass
(UFF) products are increasingly being
used in the growing touch panel
market, particularly in mobile devices
and computers. The group is
confident that it will be able to meet
near to medium-term demand from its
existing production facilities. The
decision follows the company's
announcement December 2011 of a
delay in plans to build a line in
Vietnam for the production of glass for
the solar energy sector.
F 3278
[CHINA] IGU OUTPUT CONTINUES
TO RISE
Figures obtained by Asian Glass have
confirmed a steady increase in
insulated glass output over the last
year in China with a rise of 13.5%, to
40.8M sq/m.
F 3279
GUARDIAN - LOOKING AT INDIAN
OPPORTUNITIES
www.glassonline.com JULY 2012
A recently published article reported
Guardian Industries had joined forces
with Modi Group to set up a glass
factory in India's Malanpur Ghirongi
industrial area. Responding to this
article, Guardian Glass Group
President Scott Thomsen said:
"Guardian has maintained a fruitful
relationship with the Modi Group in
India since we built the country's first
float plant together in Gujarat in 1993.
Through the years, we have
established a good reputation in the
Indian glass business even as it has
continued to grow at a rapid rate. We
can confirm the report that we have
acquired property in India and also
that we are continuing to look at the
best opportunities to increase our
business in the country. In fact, that's
true throughout the world: Guardian is
always assessing opportunities for
growth." Guardian officials noted that
while they could confirm the property
acquisition, other details were
"premature."
F 3280
US CONSTRUCTION HIGHEST
SINCE DECEMBER 2009
The value of US construction for the
12 months to the end of May 2012
totalled USD 830 billion - the highest
since December 2009. The figure was
also up +7.0% compared to a year ago
and was a +0.9% increase on April
2012. The gains compared to 2011
were slightly higher in the nonresidential segment, which increased
+7.4%. However, a +2.9% rise in
residential activity from April saw this
sub-sector go up +6.2% in May
compared to the position in May 2011.
Publicly funded construction dropped 3.9% compared to last year to USD
269 billion, with the most significant
decrease regarding the residential
sector. In contrast, privately funded
construction increased +13.1% yearon-year, thanks particularly to surges
in multi-family residential building,
lodging, educational, manufacturing
and power infrastructure construction.
The private non-residential sector, at
almost USD 300 billion, was up
+18.6% from a year ago.
F 3281
NSG: REDUCTION IN FLOAT GLASS
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
According to two recent
announcements from the NSG Group,
float glass production capacity in North
America and in Europe is to be
reduced. The two lines in question are
located at Laurinburg, North Carolina,
US, and Porto Marghera, Venice, Italy.
The NSG Group has decided to
reduce its float glass production
capacity in North America. One of the
two float lines at the Group's plant in
Laurinburg, North Carolina, US will be
idled. This process is expected to be
completed between August and
Page 32 of 116
September 2012. It is intended that
production will recommence on this
line when market conditions permit.
The Group is taking action to reduce
capacity and output to match the
requirements of its customers.
F 3282
ADVANCED SOLAR PHOTONICS
INTRODUCES LINE OF GLASS-TOGLASS CRYSTALLINE SILICON
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
Advanced Solar Photonics, LLC
(ASP), an American manufacturer of
photovoltaic (PV) equipment and
provider of turnkey alternative energy
systems, is introducing a line of next
generation glass-to-glass PV modules
at Intersolar North America 2012 at the
Moscone Center in San Francisco,
CA. The dual sided glass module
(G2G) series will include a range of
products featuring bifacial cells,
framed and frameless construction,
and optical tracking front sheets with
micro lenses. G2G PV solar panels
feature thinner tempered glass, which
reduces the distance light travels,
thereby increasing overall module
efficiency 10%. To further increase
efficiency, ASP modules feature a
holographic material sandwiched
between the silicon and EVA layers
maximizing the time per day they can
generate electricity from the sun.
F 3283
NSG WARNS OF DIFFICULT
FUTURE
Nippon Sheet Glass Co has said it slid
into a net loss for the fiscal year ended
March and warned of deeper trouble
ahead, soaking up restructuring costs
to offset the impact of Europe's
economic weakness on its core
construction and auto glass
operations. The bleak outlook
underlines the challenges facing new
management at Japan's second
biggest glassmaker by sales as it
seeks to accelerate a shakeout of noncore assets and staffing following the
abrupt resignation of former CE Craig
Naylor recently. The company
reported a net loss of Y2.82BN.
Restructuring charges this year will
mount to Y19BN, the company said.
American executive Naylor, stepped
down less than two years into the job
over still unexplained "fundamental
disagreements" on strategy to turn
around the company, which
announced a programme of 3,500 job
cuts in February in an effort to tackle
costs.
F 3284
SAINT-GOBAIN MOVES ON SMART
GLASS WINDOWS
Saint-Gobain recently announced it is
to take control of Faribault-based
(USA) Sage Electrochromics, in a deal
that could accelerate sales of Sage's
innovative "smart glass" windows.
The company has said that it will buy
the 50% of Sage it doesn't already
own. The company bought half of
Sage for US$80M in cash in 2010, and
the two companies combined their
electrochromic glass research,
marketing and manufacturing efforts.
Sage, which employs about 125
people, will become a subsidiary of
Saint-Gobain, but will remain based in
Faribault, where it is completing a US
$150M factory.
F 3285
[USA] PPG TO EXPAND SOLAR
GLASS
Due to growing demand, PPG
Industries is expanding production
capabilities at its flat glass
manufacturing facility in Salem,
Oregon, to include higher volumes of
its "Solarphire" AR anti-reflective and
"2XAR" two-sided, anti-reflective glass
for PV module manufacturers based
primarily ont he West Coast. "With the
new capabilities at Salem and Fresno,
we can now produce Solarphire PV
glass at Fresno then ship it to Salem
for the addition of an anti-reflective
coating." said Richard A Beuke, PPG
Vice President, flat glass. "That
enables us not just to accelerate
internal production, but to respond
Page 33 of 116
more quickly and with a broader range
of products to solar industry customers
throughout the western US. It also
enables soar customers to further
reduce the carbon foot print of solar
cell manufacturing." The company
said that it expected to offer next day
delivery for stock items in California,
Arizona and Nevada.
F 3286
GUARDIAN INTRODUCES
SOLADIGM
Guardian Industries and Soladigm, a
manufacturer of highly energy-efficient
dynamic glass for buildings, recently
announced that the companies are
working together to market and sell
Soladigm Dynamic Glass in the
commercial buildings sector. The
partnership positions Soladigm for
global adoption of its dynamic glass
product and provides Guardian with an
innovative architectural glass
technology for its customers.
Guardian will incorporate Soladigm's
Dynamic Glass product into its
SunGuard(R) advanced architectural
glass protfolio of solutions with the
introduction of a SunGuard EC product
line. Guardian SunGuard will also
integrate the new product into its Build
with Light(R) marketing program, an
initiative that connects architects,
glaziers and select fabricators with its
product line. Soladigm utilises
electrochromic technology to switch
from clear to tinted on demand, and
enables control of heat and glare in
buildings while providing greater
comfort, uninterrupted views, and
natural daylight. It can also
significantly reduce heating, ventilation
and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy
usage in commercial buildings, in
particular during times of peak load.
F 3287
[IRAN] THE SOLAR REVOLUTION?
CAN IRAN ADOPT A NEW ENERGY
STANCE?
ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 2829, 30, 33, 35
This article presents an overview of
Iran's fledgling solar industry and
discusses how it is fighting to grab a
greater piece of the action.
F 3288
BULLS IN THE BEAR's MARKET RUSSIAN FLAT GLASS LOOKS
TOWARDS EXPANDED HORIZONS
ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 57,
59-60, 63
The construction sector, which is the
main flat glass consumer, is
experiencing great difficulty in
overcoming the recession. In this
context, it is extremely difficult to
forecast construction market
developments, however, Lev
Shakhnes, from the Union of Glass
Companies, discusses the expanding
prospects on the horizon for Russia's
flat glass sector.
F 3289
BUILDING WITH THE SUN - CAN
INDIAN BIPV MARKETS PROVIDE A
SOLAR BOOM?
Y MALIK
ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 6465, 67, 69
In this article the author discusses why
India's solar mission is not placing
great demands on the country's
burgeoning BIPV potential.
F 3290
SAINT-GOBAIN CITES US
RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION AS
SALES INCREASE
7
Saint-Gobain has reported first quarter
2012 sales of 10.2BN Euros, up 3.7%
from quarter one, 2011. According to
the company, it saw double-digit
organic growth in the USA, driven by
businesses linked to residential
construction. "Amid an uncertain
economic climate and despite a
particularly tough basis for
comparison, Saint-Gobain delivered
further organic growth in the first
quarter of 2012," said Pierre-Andre de
Page 34 of 116
Chalendar, Chairman and CEO. Sales
of flat glass fell 5.6% in the quarter,
reflecting the slowdown in Asia and
emerging countries, the contraction in
solar markets and the EU automotive
industry, and faltering construction
activity in Western Europe.
F 3291
[USA] GUARDIAN INTRODUCES
WINDSCREEN RECYCLING
7
In an effort to protect the environment
and help its customers reduce waste
costs, Guardian Automotive Products
is now offering windscreen recycling
through its nationwide distribution
centres. "We are excited about our
new green initiative," said Scott
Billings, Director of Distribution
Operations. "Windscreen recycling is
a win/win - we're doing the right thing
for hte environment by keeping
windscreens out of landfills and we're
helping our customers reduce their
waste costs," he added. Customers
can return damaged windscreens to
be recycled to four of the company's
12 distribution centres in the USA:
Detroit, Cincinnati, Findlay (OH), and
Atlanta. The remaining facilities are
planned to offer this service later in
2012.
F 3292
[CHINA] WANSHENG FLOAT GLASS
- SECOND LINE STARTS
PRODUCTION
GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 26
Wansheng Float Glass Co, located in
the Wansheng Economic
Development Zone, has started up its
second production line, therefore
increasing the city's glass sheet
supply, as well as providing support to
the development of the auto industry.
Wansheng is a subsidiary of Fuyao
Glass Group, the largest automatic
glass manufacturer in China, a prject
worth CNY 900M and involving two
float glass lines with 1200/tpd. The
company will supply raw materials for
auto glass parts and energy-saving
glass. The first float glass line began
production in 2011, and has a CNY
150M annual output. This second line
means it can achieve "locally made"
auto glass in Chongquing this year,
reducing production costs. The per
ton price of auto glass and building
glass offered by Wansheng will be
reduced by CNY 300-400. On
completion, the firm will produce some
350,000/tpa, making annual output of
CNY 700M.
F 3293
SAFETY GLASS EXPERTS: HOW TO
CONTROL PROCESS
REPEATABILITY IN SERIAL
BENDING
M ERONEN
SAFETY GLASS EXPORTS OY LTD,
FINLAND
GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 54-57
In this day and age, and especially
due to the strong environmental issues
and difficult financial situation around
the world, we are often obliged to look
for the best way of proceeding bearing in mind too energy costs and
savings - trying to eliminate waste as
much as possible while ensuring
constant quality and repeatability. In
this article, we are shown how this can
be done, not only by the perfect use of
automation, but also by the correct
understanding of set-up operations
and processing parameters as well as,
of course, operator training.
F 3294
CONTINUING THE TREND
TOWARDS GLASS IN INTERIOR
ZONES
For facades, glass has long since
gained status as preferred material.
Refined into high-performance
functional glass, the transparent
material takes on various functions in
the building shell. It offers protection
from heat, sunlight and noise, directs
light to specific areas in rooms, and thanks to its unique transparency facilities light, open architectural
design. In addition, glass also offers
nearly unlimited design options. Glass
can be transparent, translucent or
Page 35 of 116
opaque. It can create architectural
accents through colour and individual
designs and fulfil the toughest security
requirements, at the same time. No
other facade material offers a similar
scope of design possibilities.
GENERAL
G 3975
IARC - EXPOSURES IN THE GLASS
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/
vol58/mono58-4.html
There are five main sectors in the
glass manufacturing industry: flat
glass, container and pressed ware, art
glass, special glass (e.g. optical,
ophthalmic, electronic) and fibre glass
(which is not considered here). The
basic steps in the manufacture of
glass products are melting, fining,
homogenization, annealing and
forming. Art and special glasses are
produced by pot processes, involving
manual batch handling. Art glass
production has changed little with time
and, for the most part, still involves
blowing by mouth. During the twentieth
century, the production of flat glass
and container glass has evolved from
traditional batch processes to highly
automated processes. The modern
production of flat glass is the most
highly automated and usually utilizes
tank melting with the continuous
feeding of batch ingredients and the
float (Pilkington) process for forming.
The production of containers and
pressed ware has also become
increasingly mechanized, with
mechanical blowing or pressing of the
molten glass. Exposure to lead,
arsenic and antimony oxides occurs
primarily in sectors of the industry
where traditional, non-mechanized
techniques are used, such as in the
production of crystal and other art
glasses. Other potential exposures in
glass manufacture include silica,
asbestos, other metal oxides and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
G 3976
TAKING GLASS INTO THE FUTURE
WITH VISIONARY APPLICATIONS
V HOTAR
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LIBEREC
GLASS INTERNATIONAL MARCH
2012 19-20, 23-24, 26
Following the first instalment in the last
issue of Glass International, Vladimir
Hotar continues his analysis of the
worldwide glass industry (all sectors),
this time focusing on visions in glass
applications that could take the
material into the future.
G 3977
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO
FOREHEARTH OPERATION
J GROESSLER & R SIMS
NIKOLAUS SORG & CO, GERMANY
2012 27-29
Glass conditioning takes place in the
distributor (sometimes called the
working end) and the forehearths. It is
a given that poor glass conditioning
will result in poor production. This
article offers practical advice for
efficient forehearth operation, along
with details of the processes involved.
G 3978
MAINTAINING STABILITY IN A
TOUGHENING FURNACE
ENVIRONMENT
G RANCOULE
VESUVIUS, FRANCE
2012 44-45
The quality of the glass product is
linked to the cleanliness of the furnace
environment. In this article the author
examines how to maintain stable
working conditions during thermal
toughening, in an effort to reduce dustoriginated defects.
G 3979
MINERALS BRACED FOR BUMPY
2012
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS FEB/2012
10-11
This article takes a look at the
prospects for industrial minerals
through this year. The only lesson to
remember in 2012 is that it is going to
Page 36 of 116
be another volatile ride for industrial
minerals prices, dragged down by the
EU debt crisis and worries over
China's property bubble, but it is not
without its bright spots. This time last
year it seemed like the industrials
minerals market was steadily
recovering from the 2008 financial
crisis and was hitting an up-cycle.
However, the Arab Spring (including
the war in Libya), the Japanese
earthquake and the EU debt crisis put
and end to that. And continuing
protests in Russia, Syria, Kazakhstan
and Nigeria (among other countries)
are adding to geopolitical risk.
G 3980
NEW PLAYERS EMERGE TO
CHALLENGE CHINA RARE EARTH
DOMINANCE
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS FEB/2012
20-22
The security of access to rare earth
elements continues to be uncertain in
2012, as the vast majority of global
supply remains under Chinese state
control. This article examines the
current supply situation and discusses
new project developments challenging
China's rare earth dominance.
G 3981
WHO OWNS THE MINERALS?
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS APRIL 2012
26
The 12 October, 2013 marks an
important step forward for any party in
England and Wales seeking to
establish a mineral title. On this date,
manorial interests will cease to have
overriding status under the transitional
provisions enacted by the Land
Registration Act 2002. The practical
effect of this is that unless manorial
rights are registered at the Land
Registry, they will be of no effect
against successors in title to the
surface of the land. This article takes a
look at these important changes.
G 3982
GLASS MELTING TECHNOLOGY: A
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC
ASSESSMENT
GMIC (USA) & US DoE 2004
http://www.osti.gov/glass/Special%20
Reports/Glass%20melting%20tech%2
0assessment.pdf
The goal of the project, Glass Melting
Technology: A Technical and
Economic Assessment, is to create a
common base of knowledge on which
future technology might be developed
for one of the nation s most important
industries. The objectives of this study
were to better understand the issues
that face the US glass industry,
particularly with regard to current
melting technologies; to identify the
factors that will motivate the industry to
adopt new technology for commercial
glass melting; and to analyze the
barriers that have stifled technical
innovation and change. One of the
major barriers to finding common
goals to advance glass melting
technology has been the division of
the glass industry into four major
segments, each with its own
requirements, products, and
processing methods. To obtain a
broad vision of the total industry, the
study focused on the larger segments
of the glass industry that represent
more than 90% of all container, flat,
textile and insulation fiber, and the
major segments of specialty glass, i.e.,
lighting, TV and tableware. This report
represents the collective efforts of
glass scientists, engineers and
manufacturers, organizations,
academic institutions, technical
librarians and automation specialists.
Experienced glass engineers,
scientists and manufacturers gave
willingly of their time and experience to
help the authors assess the
challenges that face the glass industry
as a whole. Personnel and institutions
throughout the United States, Europe
and Asia generously provided
information vital to this study.
Professional technical librarians and
research scientists conducted
exhaustive literature and patent
searches that resulted in over 500
technical articles and over 300 patents
that been categorized and evaluated,
making this an invaluable reference
Page 37 of 116
tool. The experimental work of glass
scientists and engineers provided a
record of the innovations in glassmelting technological innovations that
have been developed but, for
economic and technical reasons, not
implemented over the last quarter of
the past century. The report can be
downloaded in full from the abovementioned link.
G 3983
USABLE GLASS STRENGTH
COALITION: PATIENCE,
PERSEVERANCE AND PROGRESS
L MATTOS
COCA-COLA, USA
Glass always gets a bad reputation for
two perceived deficiencies: Its' heavy
and its breakable. People often prefer
not to have a glass bottle or cup
because they are afraid they might
drop and break it. Or, they say its
easier to work with a lighter-weight
product. These criticisms apply to
many glass products, whether it is
bottles, or architectural designs.
However, in the materials community,
we know that glass is actually very
strong. We hear and say all the time,
"Glass is actually stronger than steel."
The reality is, we have all seen a table
of theoretical vs usable strength of
glass, but know that once glass
articles are made, everything done to
them decreases the strength. In that
end, glass articles have about 0.5% of
the material's intrinsic strength. This
article takes an in-depth look at the
different ways various glass types can
be strengthened and also shows a
case study on building an industryuniversity-government coalition, which
was presented by Lou Mattos at the
2011 Ceramic Leadership Summit.
G 3984
HIGH-PULL FOREHEARTHS MEET
HIGH EXPECTATIONS
2012 19-20, 22
With the current focus on glass
manufacturing in Mexico, this article
provides a case study on the
introduction of high-pull foreherarths at
a plant in the state of Queretaro,
Mexico. An overview of the cooling
concept involved also highlights how
the forehearth design is aimed at
reaching high efficiency in thermal
homogeneity.
G 3985
TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
OF ELECTRIC MELTING FURNACES
2012 23-27
This article by Stanislava Kasa, from
the Department of Glass & Ceramics,
Institute of Chemical Technology,
Prague, compares an all-electric and a
fuel-fired furnace, offering a thorough
evaluation of both types in order to
determine which is more
advantageous in terms of operation.
G 3986
ELECTRIC MELTING: IT's ALL IN
THE PLANNING
W BOCK
BOCK ENERGIETECHNIK,
GERMANY
2012 28-29
When heating with electrodes, it is
imperative to achieve the best possible
temperature and the desired
convection, in order to guarantee glass
of good homogeneity. This article
highlights the benefits of all-electric
melting and how efficiency can be
increased with a boosting system.
G 3986
MOLYBDENUM ELECTRODES FOR
A SUPERIOR MELT
2012 30-32
Although molybdenum has enjoyed
widespread use in glass melting for
years, the high-temperature
metallurgical processing required to
produce glass melting electrodes has
remained relatively unknown. In this
article, the author looks at the
properties of molybdenum, the
production processes used and its
performance in glass melting.
Page 38 of 116
G 3987
XRF - A GOOD INDICATOR OF
QUALITY
2012 57-58, 60, 62-63
As the properties of glass are
determined by its chemical
constitution, accurate analysis is
important for quality control. In this
article the author looks at the benefits
of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as
an analytical tool, which can be used
for routine and relatively nondestructive chemical analyses of glass
and raw materials.
G 3988
INSPECTION SOLUTIONS ARE
INFRARED-HOT
2012 65-67
Infrared technology is widely used in
glassmaking for hot end inspection
and process control. In this article,
Xpar Vision demonstrates it's infrared
machinery products, which are aimed
at increasing the effectiveness of hot
end inspection and forming processes.
G 3989
ONLINE CALCULATOR PREDICTS
CO2 EMISSIONS
2012 6
Air Products has launched an online
tool to help glass producers compare
their CO2 emissions against the latest
benchmarks and calculate how much
emissions can be reduced using the
company's Cleanfire technologies. As
well as encouraging more installations
to improve their environmental
performance, glass producers could
find that switching to oxy-fuel burner
technology brings significant efficiency
benefits. The tool will help
glassmakers prepare for the third
phase of the EU ETS legislation, due
to be implemented from January 2013.
For more information, please visit:
www.airproducts.co.uk
G 3990
ADVANCED MELTING
TECHNOLOGIES IN PRINT
2012 10
"Advanced Melting Technologies with
Submerged Combustion" (ISBN: 9784349-9463-9) is the title of a recently
published book by L S Pioro et al,
devoted to the development and
design of advanced melting
technologies with submerged
combustion. Published by RoseDog
Publishing Co of Pittsburgh, USA, the
book's objective is to compile and
summarise the findings and
experiences of scientists and
engineers from various research
organisations and companies in this
area worldwide. The book comprises
10 chapters and 420 pages, covering
the development, design, testing and
industrial application of various
advanced melting technologies with
Submerged Combustion Melters
(SCMs) for the production of materials
for the building industry from
metallurgical slag; coal slag and ash
from coal-fired thermal power plants;
fuming of slags of non-ferrous metals;
melting silicate materials; production of
mineral wool; production of molten
defluorinated phosphates for
agriculture; pyrohydrolysis of fluorinecontaining wastes; and the production
of expanded clay aggregate for
lightweight concrete from nonselfbloating clays. Eight appendices
contain additional material related to
submerged combustion. The book is
intended for specialists, engineers,
designers, researchers and scientists
working in heat engineering, power,
chemical, metallurgical and building
industries, environment protection and
other areas where non-ferrous melting
apparatuses and gas burners are
used.
G 3991
COMBINED ANNEALING AND
TEMPERING STRENGTH
V MAIA
VIDROMECANICA, PORTUGAL
2012 50-51
Portugal's Vidromecanica offers an
extensive range of advanced
Page 39 of 116
annealing and tempering technologies
for the glass industry. Having
developed this know-how over the
years, the company produces its own
high performance equipment. Inhouse developed software accurately
calculates temperatures and working
speeds, following the characteristics
and dimensions of the glassware
handled. Using the annealing,
decorating and toughening curves
indicated, it is possible to achieve
good energy economy, efficiency and
performance, as described in this
article.
G 3992
GLASS FURNACE SIMULATION
2012 52, 54, 56
Mathematical computer modeling can
be used to determine the optimum
furnace length-by-width ratio, as
described in this article.
G 3993
CONTROLLED BUBBLING FOR
COLOUR CHANGE EFFICIENCY
G STUART
ELECTROGLASS, UK
2012 60
Many glass container manufacturers
will agree that carrying out a colour
change can present problems with
prolonged glass defects as the old
colour is gradually flushed out of the
furnace, working end and forehearths.
This is particularly an issue when
going from a dark composition to a
lighter one, and can lead to defects as
the colder, darker glass becomes
entrained from areas such as the
corners of the throat and any areas
where there is a transition in depth or
direction. In this article the author,
Grahame Stuart, or Electroglass,
discusses the employment of precision
controlled bubbling for colour change
efficiency in glass containers.
G 3994
SMART THYRISTOR CONTROL FOR
ELECTRIC BOOST
R MEULEMAN & S RUTKOWSKI
INVENSYS, THE NETHERLANDS
2012 66, 68, 70
In this article, the authors explain the
different methods for controlling power
with semiconductors (thyristors) and
consider how possible negative side
effects, like reactive power, peak
power demand and harmonic
distortion can be solved through smart
methods of control.
G 3995
CORD TESTING USING THERMAL
SHOCK: VIRTUE OR VICE?
G L SMAY & H M DIMMICK
AMERICAN GLASS RESEARCH,
USA
GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 72,
74, 76
Cord is defined as a streak of glass
whose composition differs from the
bulk glass. Due to these
compositional differences, certain
properties such as thermal expansion,
viscosity and density are affected.
The most important of these is the
coefficient of expansion as it controls
the generation of stresses in both the
cord streak and the surrounding glass.
This article discusses the detection,
measurement and testing of cord in
glass and the merits or otherwise of
using abraded thermal shock tests.
G 3996
INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS
DIRECTIVE IMPACTS EU
GLASSMAKERS
G TACKELS
GLASS ALLIANCE EUROPE
2012 92-95
The Directive on industrial emissions
2010/75/EU (IED) was adopted in
November 2010 and was published in
the OJ a month later. It replaces the
former IPPC directive. In this article,
Guy Tackels considers the directive's
impact on the EU glass industry.
G 3997
ENERGY SAVINGS - THE
FORGOTTEN THIRD
S KAHL
Page 40 of 116
ARDAGH GROUP, THE
NETHERLANDS
2012 96, 98-99
It is a well-known fact that the
production of glass is an energyintensive process. Melting glass from
mineral raw materials and cullet
demands high temperatures and at
least with currently applied melting
technology, long residence times to
create a final product that fulfils
increasing customer demands for
quality. Because of the vital economic
interest to reduce cost - and driven by
the public demand to reduce energy
consumption (especially the CO2
footprint), the glass container industry
has done a lot to improve energy
efficiency over the last 20 years. In
this article, Sven-Roger Kahl from
Ardagh Glass Group considers energy
savings in the container industry
beyond melting.
G 3998
9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON COATINGS ON GLASS AND
PLASTICS
2012 106
Following the last eight successful
International Conference on Coatings
on Glass & Plastics events, the 9th
ICGC will be held from 24-28 June
2012 in the Chasse Theatre, Breda,
The Netherlands. The ICCG
International Organising Committee
and local organiser, TNO, expects this
conference to create an opportunity to
bring together more than 400
scientists, technologists, practitioners
and managers from universities,
institutes, coating manufacturers,
materials and equipment suppliers and
user industries worldwide to discuss
the latest developments in the field of
coatings on glass and plastics.
G 3999
CLEANER FUELS: A COST BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
13-14
With such an emphasis on greener
glassmaking, Jan Viduna, EU Industry
Manager for Glass with Air Products
UK, explains how converting from airfuel to oxy-fuel burners can have a
significant effect on reducing energy
consumption, as one Czech company
has discovered.
G 4000
[RARE-EARTHS] LARGE DEPOSIT
OF NEODYMIUM DISCOVERED IN
BRAZIL
A story on Mining.com reports that the
Brazilian mining company, World
Mineral Resources, has discovered a
large reserve of neodymium in the
state of Bahia, brazil. According to the
story, the deposit will yield about 28M/t
of neodymium and is worth around
US$ 8.4BN. This is the first discovery
of neodymium in Brazil, and its
potential is second only to China's
Baotu deposit, the world's largest
concentration of this rare-earth
element. It is difficult to find rare-earth
minerals deposits that are large
enough to mine economically. The
story reports that the going rate for
neodymium is around US$ 300,000/t
and that the global market for the
element is worth US$ 5BN.
G 4001
[FORMING] HOW CAN THE BDF
DUAL AXIAL COOLING LET ME GO
LIGHTER?
GMPA 1/12 36-38
Glass containers have some known
and unquestioned advantages: they
are natural, hygienic, impermeable,
durable and also aesthetically
fashionable and pleasing. However,
this no longer seems enough and
strong competition from alternative
materials such as PET and cans, in
terms of costs and lightness, has
pushed the glass container industry
more and more to go beyond the limits
inherent to the actual productive
process. While maintaining the
characteristics of stability and
resistance, the production of lighter
glass containers introduces some
Page 41 of 116
important benefits: Reduced
consumption of raw materials; less
thermal and compressed air energy
used in the process; reduced costs
related to the transport, moving and
stocking of the containers and, if we
also consider an additional increase in
the percentage of recycled raw
materials, the important reduction in
environmental impact can be
appreciated ina bout 15% savings in
CO2 emissions. While maintaining
quality, efficiency, speed and
operational costs, container weight
reduction can be formally achieved by
means of improved control of process
parameters, mainly with timing and
temperature distribution, during gob
forming and in the steps of loading,
preforming, reheating and forming.
G 4002
[FORMING] BIS - BEST FROM NIS
AND AIS
GMPA 1/12 40-41
The new BIS from Emhart Glass, is an
innovative, full servo-electric small IS
section, and was introduced at
Glasstec in 2010. This article explains
the reasons and driving forces behind
this latest development, gives more
details of its specification and benefits
for potential future BIS users. As a
high performance, extremely flexible
IS machine, covering an outstanding
ware range, the BIS will outperform
today's small-section IS machines.
There is high probability that it will
supersede the majority of today's
relatively imprecise pneumatic driven
IS machines. The same will certainly
accrue as for food packaging
equipment, where pneumatic driven
mechanical machines have been
superseded by servo electric
machines.
G 4003
[CHINA] GLASS INDUSTRY MARKET
2011
GMPA 2/12 46-54
One of the fastest global markets in all
sectors, this article gives us an idea of
the glass industry in China, looking at
the various sectors, and concentrating
more in detail on hollow glass.
Products, machinery used for their
manufacture, along with the sectors
they are used in are discussed.
Companies involved are also
presented.
G 4004
[CONFERENCES] GLASSEXPO 2012
This year s edition of GlassExpo will
be held at the IEC Crocus Expo, in
Moscow, Russia, 27-29 November
2012. GlassExpo 2011 brought
together over 120 companies from
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Germany,
Italy and Poland. 16,000 customers of
various sectors of the economy of
Russia: glass, construction, food,
chemical, medical, furniture, utilities
and transport sector, wholesale buyers
lighting, art glass, glass houses,
glassware and crystal, architectural
institutes, workshops, design offices
and designers, service providers and
others came to our show to watch the
glass industry products and negotiate
contracts. GlassExpo 2012 will present
main areas such as: glass products for
various industries - technology and
equipment, machinery and tools for
glass production and processing - raw
materials for glass melting, refractory
materials - measuring, control
technology - engineering, consulting,
research and services in the glass
industry. For 10 years, the exhibition
has had, as its main exhibitors, wellknown manufacturers of glass,
manufacturers of machinery and
equipment for the glass industry,
technology providers working with
glass, the production of refractory
products, construction and repair of
glass furnaces.
G 4005
[SODA ASH] INDIAN INDUSTRY
SEEKS CUTS IN CUSTOMS DUTY
ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 14,
17
This article examines the Indian glass
sector, which consists of four main
Page 42 of 116
segments, namely: container glass;
speciality glass; flat glass; and fibre
glass. The article discusses recent
price hikes in India due to the
increasing costs of raw materials.
Container glass is the largest
segment, followed by speciality glass,
then flat glass and lastly, fibre. In the
last few years, the Indian glass
industry has been growing across all
segments with growth driven primarily
by India's growing automotive and
construction sectors. The container
glass industry benefits from growing
awareness on account of rising
hygienic packaging demand, growing
population, increasing per capita
income of average Indians and low per
capital glass consumption. The per
capita glass consumption in India for
container glass is 1.2,g, which offers
tremendous scope for increase.
During the quarter ending December
2011, profitability of the glass and
glass products sector was dampened
due to the pressure on margins. The
margins of many major players were
impacted mainly due to the rise in raw
material costs and increases in power
and fuel costs. The price of soda ash
is a major cost in the raw material
sector. Higher costs of input,
particularly soda ash, which
contributes about 30% of cost of
production of glass products, is one of
the major factors contributing to the
higher cost of glass and glassware.
G 4006
SiC LOSES MOMENTUM AMID
VOLATILE DEMAND
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012
19-20
The cautious optimism surrounding
silicon carbide (SiC) as it joined the
global economy in its tenuous 2010
rebound was it seems, well-advised.
While some markets and regions
(such as photovoltaic cells and China,
respectively) have shown signs of
promising growth for the ultra-hard
solid phase mineral, others have
weakened significantly, with demand
dropping off or even becoming
obsolete.
G 4007
RARE EARTHS MARCH TOWARDS
SUPPLY DIVERSITY
28-33
As China continues to hold the whip
hand on rare earths, so the need to
develop new sources becomes evermore critical, as this article reports.
G 4008
RARE EARTHS: THE POLITICS AND
POLICY
V NICOLETOPOULOS
NATURAL RESOURCES GP
CONSULTING SERVICES
34-39
International public policies regarding
rare earths have centred around the
basic question: "What are the Chinese
trying to do?" In this article, the author
discusses Chinese concerns and
policies and investigates just how
smartly the rest of the world is
reacting.
G 4009
FELDSPAR's FUTURE IN FLUX
A FEYTIS
40-44
According to this article from Industrial
Minerals, the feldspar industry, which
largely serves glass and ceramic
sectors, is balancing uncertain
markets in the west with growth
prospects in the east.
G 4010
[RARE EARTH ORES] DOES IT
HAVE TO COST THE EARTH?
IND MINERALS JULY 2012 50-51
As the rare earth industry continues to
monitor Chinese exports and the
progress of new projects, Industrial
Minerals reviews a back-to-basics
perspective on processing rare earth
ores.
G 4011
[PRICE BRIEFING] MINERAL
PRICES DROP AS DEMAND WANES
IN CHINA
Page 43 of 116
54-55
Latest news regarding industrial
mineral prices is reported in this
article. Headlines are: Chromite
pushed down by muted stainless steel
market; Soda ash falters on low
market demand; SiC prices expected
to climb; Fluorospar remains stable.
G 4012
WINDOW ON THE USA
Tables are shown (in kg and sq/m) of
the latest statistics for float glass,
container glass, and safety glass
manufacture, imports and exports in
the USA.
G 4013
REPEAT CUSTOMER FOR SORG
BATCH PREHEATING SYSTEM
PRESS RELEASE 19 JULY 2012
Nine months after implementing the
first full scale SORG® batch
preheating unit, our initial customer
has decided to add the entire BATCH3
program to a second furnace. This
repeat combination of the EMENEND® charger, IRD® Doghouse,
and SORG batch preheater marks an
important milestone in our program.
The BATCH3 system has been
confirmed on all points. No dusting,
reliable operation, and lower energy
consumption. Following a three year
development program SORG is now
ready to actively promote this
technology to a glass industry hungry
for sustainability solutions.
G 4014
FOOD AND DRINK INDUSTRY
ANNOUNCES UNIVERSITY
PROVIDER FOR FIRST FOOD
ENGINEERING DEGREE
PRESS RELEASE 9 JULY 2012
Sheffield Hallam University has been
named as the successful university to
partner the UK food and drink industry
in the development of the country s
first dedicated food and drink
engineering degree. The Food and
Drink Federation (FDF), in partnership
with the National Skills Academy for
Food and Drink made the
announcement after a rigorous
selection process to run the unique
course which is being developed in
response to the need for world-class
engineers for the industry. The food
and drink industry needs to recruit
137,000 new employees between
2007 -2017 and has been working with
employers to identify the skills gaps
that they are experiencing amongst
potential recruits. Many companies
have highlighted a need for highly
qualified engineers with a knowledge
and understanding of the specialist
requirements of food and drink
manufacturing. The lack of a specialist
course in the UK has led the industry
to work towards developing its own
and it hopes that Sheffield Hallam will
be able to accept the first students in
September 2014. FDF Director of
Human Resources, Angela Coleshill
said: We are delighted to be working
with Sheffield Hallam to design a
degree course that perfectly matches
food and drink manufacturers needs.
We listened closely to our member
companies expressions of the skills
that they require to continue
developing the highly regarded
products that have put our UK industry
at the forefront of innovation. Justine
Fosh, Executive Director of the
National Skills Academy for Food &
Drink said: This is an important
milestone in redressing gaps in
provision for our industry. The role of
the National Skills Academy is to work
with food businesses to drive up the
relevance, quality and accessibility of
training and with greater levels of
automation in the industry we need
higher levels of skills.
G 4015
FOREHEARTH SELECTION
CONSIDERATIONS
J McMINN
FOREHEARTH SERVICES, UK
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 68-69
With a lifetime's involvement in the
world of forehearths, John McMinn
Page 44 of 116
admits to a fascination with
forehearths and how they operate.
The company has conducted
forehearth audits and troubleshooting
on all mainstream, as well as some
slightly more bizarre systems. These
technical audits identify exactly how
individual forehearth designs operate
under production conditions, how they
perform with different glass colours,
how fast they react to temperature
variations, which design provides
greater gob temperature and tonnage
ranges etc and crucially, what steps
need to be taken to return the systems
to optimal performance.
G 4016
ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IN
GLASS MELTING
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 74, 76-77
According to the authors of this paper,
a proper furnace design with the
correct equipment and care of process
operations makes a major difference
to fuel efficiency, leading to better
productivity and higher profits.
G 4017
GLASSY SAND PROCESS
IMPROVEMENTS
P BERTUZZI ET AL
SASIL, ITALY
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 84, 86, 88-89
The use of glassy sand continues to
be an important solution for the glass
container industry because it improves
the glass itself and container quality. It
also performs significant
environmental benefits due to energy
savings, the increased use of recycled
cullet and the consequent reduction of
unused cullet landfill. In this article,
the authors discuss the latest glassy
sand process improvements realised
by Italian-based SASIL, to improve
quality, melting behaviour and other
criteria, including cooperation with
Freiberg University.
G 4018
CONTROLLED CHARGING FOR
EFFICIENCY
36
To achieve a high production output it
is necessary to efficiently charge glass
melting furnaces. This requires
melting material (batch and cullet) to
be distributed perfectly on the melting
surface and the melting speed itself
should be the highest possible. In an
attempt to fulfil all these requirements
in an optimum way, Zippe,
manufacturer of glass batch plants and
cullet plants for the international glass
industry,has recently developed and
operated the Desc Charger. The aim
of the Desc Charger is to feed the
furnace with batch and cullet in a
controlled and producible way. The
batch ribbon is chopped into
predetermined batch blocks, which are
distributed on the melting surface. By
swivelling the charger, the entry of the
batch blocks can be influenced so that
the melting surface can be covered in
the required way. According to Zippe,
one of the main advantages is that it
will almost seal the doghouse against
incoming false air, allowing its
operation in oxy-fuel fired furnaces. It
is also possible to install the new
charger at every traditional and
existing doghouse.
G 4019
GLASSMAKING IS A NATURAL
PROCESS - WITH GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DR S MALCHAREK
SIEMENS, GERMANY
41-42
Natural gas delivers clean, high-quality
energy for many industry sectors.
When it is a matter of achieving
consistent combustion and melting
processes, as with the glass industry,
the quality of the gas has a crucial
influence on the process. In this
article the author looks how the
continuous monitoring of quality
parameters, with the aid of process
gas chromatographs, created the
basis for optimised burner controllers.
Page 45 of 116
expansion measurements revealed a
good thermo-mechanical compatibility
between the foam glass substrate and
both coatings. The proposed coatings
showed excellent chemical durability;
no weight loss was observed after
soaking in distilled water at 90 deg C
for 16 days.
GLASS CERAMICS
GC 775
EFFECT OF ION EXCHANGE ON
THE SINTER-CRYSTALLISATION OF
LOW EXPANSION Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2
GLASS-CERAMICS
V O SOARES ET AL
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY SAO
CARLOS, BRAZIL
GLASS TECHNOLOGY 42 2 APRIL
2011 50-54
In this work, an ion exchange
treatment to minimize surface
crystallisation and thus improve the
sintering of compacts made of glass
particles is proposed. The concept
was tested by subjecting glass
powders of teh LiO2-Al2O3-SiO2
(LAS) system to molten KNO3 ion
exchange treatment aimed at
developing a low thermal expansion
glass-ceramic via sinter-crystallisation.
The relative densities of treated and
untreated glass powder compacts
sintered at different temperatures were
compared and suitable IE and
sintering temperatures were selected.
Optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction,
dilatometry and SEM were used to
characterise the sintered samples.
GC 776
DURABLE GLASS-CERAMIC
COATINGS FOR FOAM GLASS
F SMEACETTO ET AL
POLITECHNICO DI TORINO, ITALY
INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 6974
This work describes the design and
development of two new silica-based
glass-ceramic coatings, suitable to be
applied as slurries on a foam glass
substrate. The coating process was
optimised for both compositions,
according to their sintering behaviour.
Scanning electron microscopy
observations and coefficient of thermal
GC 777
[BOOK CHAPTER] SHREIR: GLASS
& CERAMICS - DEGRADATION OF
GLASS AND CERAMICS
S OLIVER ET AL
PILKINGTON LTD, UK
SHREIR's CORROSION 3 2009 23062318
Glass is one of the engineer's most
useful and versatile materials. Its
properties can be engineered widely in
order to provide a range of physical,
mechanical, electrical, and otpical
uses for practically every type of
environmental condition. The
tranparency of glass facilitates
inspection of process operaitons and
minimises the risk of failure due to
unsuspected corrosion, while its
hardness and smoothness contribute
to easy cleaning. The development of
glass-ceramic composites has further
extended the range of glassy
engineering materials. Glassceramics combine the formability of
glasses with many of the
adavntageous properties of ceramics
and find application by virtue of their
strength and high chemical duraiblity,
particularly at elevated temperatures.
This chapter comprises two
contributions from teh 3rd edition of
Shreir: Glass and Ceramics and
Vitreous Silica which have been
combined by the editors, with minor
updating for this edition.
GC 778
DARPA SAYS HYPERSONIC
VEHICLES NEED BETTER HIGHTEMPERATURE MATERIALS DATA;
UCSB TEAM SHOWS HOW TO
MEASURE STRAIN AT HIGHTEMPERATURES
Page 46 of 116
Last August, DARPA conducted the
second test flight of its hypersonic
technology vehicle, the Falcon HTV-2.
The test ended when the vehicle sent
itself into the Pacific Ocean nine
minutes into the flight. At the same
time, the reasons for the abort were
unclear and frustrating. The project's
program manager, Maj. Chris Schulz,
USAF, said: "We'll learn and try again.
That's what it takes." To help figure
out what it takes, DARPA enlisted the
aid of an independent engineering
review board comprised of
government and academic experts to
evaluate the data collected during the
flight. The vehicle was built to
demonstrate the technology, and as a
data-gathering platform. Thus, the
ERB had plenty of data telling the
story of what happened. The goal of
the program is to develop a vehicle
that can reach any location in the
world within an hour, requiring
hypersonic speeds. Apparently, the
test flight successfully achieved stable,
aerodynamically controlled speeds up
to Mach 20 for the first 3 minutes.
Then, the vehicle appears to have
experience shockwave disturbances
that were 100 times more intense than
it was designed to withstand,
eventually losing control. The ERB
conclusion this happened because of
"unexpected aeroshell degradation,
creating multiple upsets of increasing
severity that ultimately activated the
Flight Safety System," which triggered
a controlled descent and ocean ditch
of the vehicle. Vehicle engineers
knew there would be a "gradual
wearing away of the vehicle skin as it
reached stress tolerance limits."
However, more of the skin separated
than was expected. DARPA say the
next step for the program is to improve
models for "Characterising the thermal
uncertainties and heat-stress
allowances for the vehicle's outer
shell." In the US, a multi-university and
industry partnership is working on the
problem under the umbrella
organisation, National Hypersonic
Science Centre for Materials and
Structures. A recent paper
(doi:10.1063/1.3657835) by a research
team at the University of California,
Santa Barbara (one of the partners)
describes a method for measuring
strain at high temperatures, noting that
the development of such materials
requires the ability to reproduce
conditions in the laboratory, which is
not trivial. To read more, please visit:
www.nhsc-ms.net
GC 779
REACTIVE FILLERS TO PRODUCE
WOLLASTONITE BIOCERAMICS
M GROLINS
The main problem with the production
of pre-ceramic polymers, is the
formation of cracks and pores upon
heat treatment. It is associated with
the gas release and shrinkage that
occurs during the polymer-to-ceramic
conversion. For the most part, this
problem can be solved using so-called
active fillers. These are metallic or
metal silicide particles capable of
reacting chemically with the
decomposition products or the
pyrolysis gas in the furnace during the
conversion. Nevertheless, it is still
difficult to sinter silicate ceramics from
mixtures of oxides. Lately,
experiments have shown that
wollastonite (CaSO3) ceramics, a wellknown bio-material, can be obtained
from silicones containing calcium
oxide precursors, such as micropowders or nano-particles. In this
field, a group of scientists from the
University of Padova in Italy conducted
a study in cooperation with ACerS
Fellow Paolo Colombo and in recent
work they presented an innovative
processing method employing preceramic polymers containing
micrometer- and nanometer-sized
particles of calcium carbonate, which
act as reactive fillers. With the aim of
obtaining wollastonite ceramics, they
employed a solid and a liquid silicone
in their study. Extrusion experiments
were conducted on thick pastes and
melts. The researchers also added
hydoxyapatite powders to modify the
Page 47 of 116
biological response of the material. In
the study, silica from the
decomposition of the silicone resins
reliably reacts at low temperature with
the calcium oxide derived from the
fillers and yielding wollastonite
ceramics. This approach enables the
fabrication of 3D scaffolds for bone
tissue engineering via fused deposition
or via conventional hot extrusion. The
results provide evidence of the
flexibility of the approach employing
silicones containing fillers.
GC 780
BONDING MECHANISMS AT THE
INTERFACE OF CERAMIC
PROSTHETIC MATERIALS
L L HENCH ET AL
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA
J BIOMED MAT RES SYMP 2 (PART
1) 1971 117-141
The development of a bone-bonding
calcia-phosposilicate glass ceramic is
discussed. A theoretical model to
explain the interfacial bonding is based
upon in-vitro studies of glass-ceramic
solubility in interfacial hydroxyapatite
crystallisation mechanisms, compared
with in-vivo rate femur implant
histology and ultrastructure results.
GC 781
FLEXIBLE CERAMIC MEMBRANES
FOR GREEN APPLICATIONS
J OLENICK
ENrG INC, BUFFALO, NY
27-29
Our plant is changing as a result of
higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2)
in the atmosphere. According to the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), which has
measured the CO2 level since 1960,
the current level of 390ppm represents
a 26% increase over that of 1960! The
huge global demand for clean and
efficient energy, stable food, and clean
water and air will spawn boundless
opportunities for fuel cell technologies.
17-20
Industrial microwave furnaces are now
available that exploit the advantages
of microwave sintering for zirconiabased dental restorations.
GC 783
GLASS CERAMIC BONE IMPLANTS
T K GREENLEE ET AL
GAINESVILLE VETERANS ADMIN
HOSP, USA
J BIOMED MATER RES 6 1972 235244
Glass ceramic implants containing
45% SiO2 with a Ca/P ratio of 5
become firmly fixed to bone when
placed in a cortical defect of an intact
rat femur. The addition of fluoride ions
to the implant prevents this fixation.
The most significant difference
between the two compositions is in
their solubilities. The presence of high
local concentrations of Ca and PO4
ions at the interface of the soluble nonfluoride containing implant, could
account for the deposition of the bone
at its surface. It is not felt from these
studies, however, that this model will
be usable as a mass screening
technique for evaluating materials
variables. It is felt that other less
laborous in vitro systems need to be
devised.
GC 782
INDUSTRIAL-SCALE MICROWAVE
SINTERING
Page 48 of 116
GLASS FIBRE
GF 653
RECYCLING OF TFT-LCD CULLET
AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR FIBRE
GLASSES
K KIM & J HWANG
KUNSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY,
KOREA
GLASS TECHNOL & EU J GLASS
SCI, 52 6 DEC 2011 181-184
Since LCD glasses are produced
using relatively high purity raw
materials to ensure display quality,
they not only contain few impurities but
also are highly homogeneous. These
two characteristics of LCD glasses can
offer a recycling possibility for their
cullet as a raw material for some
commercial glasses in terms of
savings in raw material costs and
energy. In this work, several batches
containing LCD glass cullet, for Eglass and glass wool were prepared
and melted in the laboratory. Viscosity
and liquidus temperature were
determined for these glasses. In the
case of E-glass, there was no serious
change in both properties up to 25wt%
replacement of original glass by LCD
cullet. Glass wool could accept LCD
cullet up to 20wt% of total glass.
Since 2010, LCD glass cullet has been
used in some E-glass production
plants in Korea.
GF 654
[BEST PRACTICE] CULLET
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
FIBERGLASS INDULATION
MANUFACTURING
http://www.cwc.org/gl_bp/gbp30103.htm
Fiberglass insulation manufacturing
has grown to be one of the largest
uses for recycled glass. Because
fiberglass does not have glass s
clarity, there is an assumption among
some that fiberglass raw materials can
tolerate higher levels of contaminants
than container manufacturing. In fact,
metal, organic, and ceramic
contaminants can be costly to
fiberglass quality and production
equipment. During fiberglass
production, raw batch materials and
glass cullet are continuously added to
the furnace. After melting and fining,
the molten glass is spun into fibers by
a process called fiberizing. To ensure
production of consistent fibers, cullet
must meet specifications for major and
minor oxide chemical composition,
color consistency, and contaminant
levels. The chemical composition of
cullet as raw batch material for
fiberglass should fall within the ranges
listed in the table, published in this
document. Variations in major oxide
concentration can affect both the
viscosity and emissivity of the glass
melt. Viscosity is a measure of flow
resistance, while emissivity is the
ability of a material to emit heat
through radiation. Both of these
properties affect the attenuation ability
of the molten glass during fiber
formation. In addition, a shift in a
major oxide concentration can cause
fluctuations in the electrical resistivity
of the melt. This requires an
adjustment of transformer settings
controlling the power input to the
furnace, as well as creating changes in
heat flow patterns, current paths, and
temperature distribution, all of which
are undesirable during stable furnace
operations. Minor and trace oxide
composition of the batch cullet is also
very important. Oxides such as CoO,
Cr2O, and FeO can influence infrared
heat transmission, heat transfer during
melting, and rate of fiber cooling.
These factors will affect fiber
attenuation, leading to variability in the
fiber diameters and lengths. This Best
Practice document can be downloaded
from: http://www.cwc.org/gl_bp/gbp30103.htm
Page 49 of 116
GF 655
FORMATION OF EXTRINSIC
SCATTERERS IN ZrF4-BASED
FLUORIDE OPTICAL FIBRES
S SAKAGUCHI ET AL
NTT ELECTRICAL COMM LABS,
JAPAN
J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 95-96 1987
617-624
Formation of extrinsic ZrO light
scatterers in ZrF4-based fluroide
optical fibres is investigated with
respect to resultant oxides in raw
materials. Thermodynamic
consideration of reaction equilibrium
between ZrF4 and oxides possibly
included in raw materials, indicates
that all oxides concerned can convert
ZrF4 to ZrO2. Using low oxide content
materials for glass preparation,
scatters significantly decrease. In
addition, dissolved oxides produced by
OH evacuation enhance oxide
segregation to form or to grow ZrO2
scatterers during melting process.
GF 656
BUBBLES IN HEAVY METAL
FLUORIDE GLASSES
P McNAMARA
TELECOM AUSTRALIA RESEARCH
LABS, VICTORIA
J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 95-96 1987
625-632
Theoretically, light transmission losses
as low as 0.001 dB/km are possible in
optical fibres made from heavy metal
fluoride glasses. One reason this has
not yet been achieved is scattering
due to bubbles in the glass. Such
bubbles can be reduced in size, if not
completely eliminated, by heat
treatment of the glass preform before
fibre drawing.
GF 657
JM PLANS MAJOR GLASS FIBRE
EXPANSION
Johns Manville (JM) has announced
an investment of more than 50M/Euros
to expand glass fibre production at its
facility in Slovakia. JM says the
investment involves replacing and
NEWS IN GENERAL
N 2840
VIRIDOR - RESTRUCTURE
ANNOUNCED
PRESS RELEASE APRIL 2012
Leading UK recycling company Viridor
has confirmed that it is restructuring
part of its business operations at the
Lancots Lane recycling facility in St
Helens, to secure the future
profitability of the business. Viridor
has operated the recycling site at St
Helens since 2002, when it acquired
the business from Richardson Limited.
The site recycles flat (plate) glass for
reprocessing, along with volumes of
container glass, metals and plastics.
The restructure will focus the operation
on the recycling of a wider range of
materials, and on reducing the
tonnage of flat glass recycling, which
has become increasingly unprofitable
over the past two years due to
economic conditions. Viridor will
shortly be submitting planning and
permit applications formalising the
change of materials processed at the
St Helens facility. As a result of the
restructure, there will be a small
number of redundancies at St Helens
and associated transport operations
elsewhere. Consultation and dialogue
with employees is continuing, and
every effort will be made to assist
employees in being redeployed to
alternative roles elsewhere within the
company. Viridor is also in the process
of informing customers who will be
affected by the changes. Viridor
recently secured the trade waste
collections contract in St Helens, and
the restructure and focus on mixed
material reprocessing will help ensure
local businesses continue to be
offered high quality commercial
recycling services. This contract will
not be affected by the restructure of
the Lancots Lane facility. Container
glass recycling also remains an
important and growing part of Viridor s
business, having recently committed to
making a £6 million investment in the
latest technology at Bonnyrigg glass
recycling plant in Scotland and
Page 50 of 116
opening a similar plant in Sheffield last
year.
N 2841
FRENCH BPA BAN HURTS US
EXPORTS
PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL
MARCH-APRIL 2012 3
A French ban on Bisphenol-A (BPA)
will jeopardise US exports to the
European country, according to a US
Department of Agriculture report.
Frozen meat and seafood products,
which are most likely to have BPA in
their packaging, will be hardest hit by
the ban. The French National
Assembly has passed a bill that bans
the sale of any food packaging
container and food material containing
BPA by January 2014.
N 2842
PLOWDEN & THOMPSON
ACQUIRED BY ET ENTERPRISES
LTD
PRESS RELEASE 24 MAY 2012
Plowden & Thompson have
announced that their business and
assets have been acquired by ET
Enterprises Ltd with effect from the 9th
May 2012. A press release said: "Our
90 year trading history as a glass
manufacturer and processor will
continue as a division of ET
Enterprises Ltd. All of our employees
have transferred to the new company
and we are looking forward to an
enhanced and brighter future." Ron
McAlpine, Managing Director of
ETEL, has commented that the
technical glasses manufactured by
Plowden and Thompson Limited are
key materials for the manufacture of
ETEL s photomultipliers and this
purchase secures their availability
along with future glass manufacturing
in the UK. Also the facilities at Dial
Glass Works at Stourbridge in the UK
will allow additional glass working
skills to be introduced there. Glass
manufacturing expertise is being
retained with staff from Plowden and
Thompson and Tudor Crystal Design
being transferred to ETEL.
N 2843
VERALLIA LAUNCHES WEB SITE
2012 20
Verallia North America has relaunched its web site at
www.us.verallia.com. The site
features a modern design, simplified
navigation and a complete, interactive
product catalogue. The company's
entire catalogue of glass containers is
available, providing pertinent
information such as weight, size and
colour, however, for the first time,
users can also see renderings of the
final product to assist in the decisionmaking process.
N 2844
[UK] CLAYTON GLASS SMARTGLASS DISTRIBUTION
FACILITY
2/2012 28
UK-based Clayton Glass has opened
a new Smartglass distribution facility
int he Midlands. Smartglass is the
company's roof glazing sealed unit
offering featuring Edgetech's Super
Spacer warm edge technology.
Located near Northampton, this new
facility will employ a small team of
three people, providing storage and
distribution facilities. "As our roof
customer base has increased, so has
both the number and distance of end
user sites we need to get our product
to," said Jason McCabe, Commercial
Director. "The key to timely and
successful roof deliveries lies with a
small fleet of lightweight vehicles in the
right location, so whilst we will retain
the use of our heavy goods fleet, this
will be to ship roofs in volume to the
hub overnight for onward delivery the
next day." "To coincide with this, on
the production side we have invested
further and can now manufacture
Smartglass in either one of our two
County Durham facilities. The key for
us lies in being able to manufacture
quicker, thus getting the roof on the
most cost effective vehicle and
optimising by delivery "slot." We're
hugely confident that with this new
Page 51 of 116
facility we will be able to improve our
turnaround, reaction times and
delivery capacity, and with it our
overall customer experience. We are
taking orders for roof glass on a
national basis, so we have seen sales
grow too."
N 2845
[USA] VIRACON - FACILITY
UPGRADE IN ANTICIPATION OF
MARKET RECOVERY
2/2012 30
Viracon has announced that it will
invest US$ 4-7M to refurbish
manufacturing equipment and upgrade
building infrastructure at its
Statesborou, Georgia, facility in
anticipation of a commercial
construction market recovery. "As our
architectural glass markets continue to
demand more value-added and energy
efficient products, we intend to ensure
that our Statesboro facility, which
opened 13 years ago, remains on the
cutting edge of glass fabrication
capability for the next construction upcycle," said Viracon president, Kelly
Schuller. "Viracon's Statesboro facility
is strategically important, serving
international and southern US
markets. Production in the facility will
be greatly scaled back during the
anticipated six-month rebuild period,"
Schuller said. "During this period of
low seasonal and market demand,
Viracon will continue to serve all
markets from its Utah and Minnesota
facilities, with no disruption to current
project needs of future commitments."
Viracon initially invested US$ 27M in
1999 when it began operations at
Statesboro, adding 65,000 sq.ft. to the
facility in 2005. According to the firm,
the facilities is the second largest
architectural glass fabrication facility in
North America.
N 2846
VDMA - POSITIVE 2011 FOR
GERMAN EQUIPMENT
2/2012 36
Turnover for Germany's construction
equipment and building material
machinery industry rose by 17% in
2011 to EUR 12.6BN. Of this, EUR
7.8BN was accounted for by the
construction machinery sector and
EUR 4.8BN by the building materials,
glass and ceramics machinery sector.
2011 saw continued economic
recovery in almost all sub-sectors,
though not all at the same speed.
Overall, demand for construction
machinery worldwide was higher than
for building material machinery
throughout the entire year. "In 2011
our customers simply invested more
again," said Johan Sailer, Chairman of
the German Engineering Federation's
Association for Construction
Equipment and Building Material
Machinery (VDMA), explaining the
positive growth in the sector.
Previously reticent investments as a
continuing result of the crisis were now
being made up for, especially by plant
hire firms. This trend is also set to
continue in 2012.
N 2847
EQUIPMENT - PRODIM:
MEASUREMENT MADE PORTABLE
2/2012 61-64
Netherlands-based Prodim was
founded in 1995, and since then has
been dedicated to improving and
facilitating production processors.
This article presents the company, and
introduces its most recent
development - the Prodim Unfold
2012, a solution for glassmakers of
curved glass, dealing with windshields
for the automotive and naval
industries. The software easily
translates 3D drawings into 2D
unfolded shapes, enabling the creation
of digital templates from windshield
prototypes, as well as directly from the
frames; hard templates are no longer
necessary. The Unfold is extremely
Page 52 of 116
powerful and fast, but at the same
time, a simple and easy tool to use,
requiring little training.
N 2848
NEW BOTTLE PACKER INCREASES
SPEED WHILE REDUCING GLASS
BREAKAGE FOR DISTILLED
SPIRITS MAKER
http://www.mmh.com/
USA-based Modern Materials
Handling Magazine, reports that a new
bottle packer has increased speed
while reducing glass breakage for a
distilled spirits maker. The design of
the machine allows the bottler to
reduce costs by using thinner glass.
Saint Louis-based distilled spirits
manufacturer and bottler Luxco is
enjoying the sweet sounds of silence
since upgrading its packing line to
technology that almost eliminates
bottle breakage while increasing
packer speed. Luxco is a leading
beverage alcohol supplier. The
company receives bulk alcohol and
then blends, packages and ships its
own lines of bourbon, brandy, vodka,
rum, and tequila, as well as a range of
flavored cordials and liqueurs. During
the installation of a new bottling line,
Luxco sought a packing system that
would increase speed and offer better
and more consistent control of bottles.
It opted for a soft catch case packer
(Standard-Knapp,
http://www.standard-knapp.com). In
addition to increasing speed, the
packer significantly reduces bottle
breakage. Other benefits include
reduced changeover time and easier
and more efficient preventative
maintenance. To read this story in full,
please visit: http://www.mmh.com
N 2849
[NEW BOOK] ADVANCED MELTING
TECHNOLOGIES WITH
SUBMERGED COMBUSTION
L S PIORO ET AL
ISBN: 9781434994639 2011
This technical state-of-the-art book is
devoted to the development and
design of advanced melting
technologies with submerged
combustion. The objective is to
compile and summarise findings and
experiences of scientists and
engineers from various research
organisations and companies in this
ew area worldwide. The main
advantages of submerged combustion,
i.e. the combustion of gas-air or gasair-oxygen mixtures directly inside a
melt, are to achieve the maximum heat
transfer from combustion products to
the melt, to improve mixing, i.e. melt
homogeneity, and to increase the rate
of chemical reactions. Based on these
advantages of submerged combustion,
advanced melting technologies were
developed and tested in various
industries. The book consists of 10
chapters covering the development,
design, testing and industrial
application of various advanced
melting technologies with Submerged
Combustion Melters (SCMs) for
production of materials for the building
industry from metallurgical slag; coal
slag and ash from coal-fired thermalpower plants; fuming of slags of nonferrous metals: melting silicate
materials; production of mineral wool;
production of molten defluorinated
phosphates for agriculture;
pyrohydrolysis of fluorine-containing
wastes; vitrification of high level
radioactive wastes; and production of
expanded-clay aggregate for
lightweight concrete from nonselfbloating clays. Chapter 10 is
related to Immersion Tube Heaters
(ITHs), which are used for melting
purposes or heating/evaporating of
various liquids. Eight appendices
contain additional material related to
submerged combustion: theoretical
investigation into the effect of melt
turbulization on discrete particle
dissolution rate; SCMs heat losses
through water-cooled walls; heat
transfer enhancement in glass melting
furnaces; safety features for an SCMs
cooling system: SCM feeders and
melt-draining locking devices;
thermodynamic analysis of combined
thermal and environmental efficiency
of fuel utilisation; other submergedcombustion apparatuses;
Page 53 of 116
mathematical and CFD modeling of
thermal processes in radiant tubes
with natural gas combustion; and unit
conversion and tables of properties.
Many of the developed melting
technologies are intended to decrease
harmful effects of various wastes such
as slags, ash etc on the environment
by effectively reprocessing them into
materials for the building industry or by
safe infinite disposal of high-level
radioactive wastes by including them
into a glass matrix.
N 2850
GERMANY STOPS ENERGY
SUBSIDIES, FORCING FIRST
SOLAR TO SCALE BACK
According to the Toledo Blade, First
Solar (Tempe, Arizona), announced it
is reducing its workforce by 30%,
closing two plants in Germany with the
loss of 1200 jobs, and cutting four of
20 manufacturing lines in Malaysia
(550 jobs). Although no plants in the
US are slated for closing, the company
is reducing its workforce here too,
laying off 20 administrative staff in its
Toledo-area facility. The article said
the closures were triggered by the
elimination of subsidies for the solarpanel industry. Mark Widmar, CFO for
First Solar is quoted as saying, "In
recent months, we have seen this
trend continue and even intensify as
EU policy makers have proposed and
implemented significant reductions in
solar subsidies." He says that
business in Europe "is not viable
without significant subsidies."
N 2851
THE MARKET OUTLOOK FOR PV
UNTIL 2016
PHOTOVOLTAICS INTERNATIONAL
MAY 0212 154, 156-8
Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity
continued its remarkable growth trend
in 2011, even in the midst of a
financial and economic crisis, and
despite the PV industry going through
a difficult period. Once again, PV
markets grew faster than anyone had
expected, just as they have done for
the past decade, especially in Europe
but also around the world. While such
a rapid growth rate cannot be
expected to last forever in Europe,
prospects for growth around the world
remain high. The results of 2011, and
indeed the outlook for the next several
years, show that under the right policy
conditions, PV can continue its
progress towards competitiveness in
key electricity markets and be a
mainstream energy source. The major
system-price decrease that was
experienced in 2011, combined with
measures taken in German and Italy
after the Fukushima nuclear disaster,
allowed the market to further develop
in 2011, particularly in these two
countries. However, the price
decrease also helped weaken the
policy support in many countries, with
policymakers facing growing
discontent with regard to the perceived
cost of PV and the ailing PV industry in
Europe.
N 2852
RESEARCH EXCHANGE PROGRAM
BUILDS INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONSHIPS, ENHANCES
RESEARCH, OPENS EYES TO
WORLD
In today's global marketplace, it is
more important then ever for students
and researchers to gain an
international perspective. Some are
doing so through the Research
Exchange program offered by the
International Materials Institute for
New Functionality in Glass based at
Lehigh University (USA). The aim of
the Research Exchange is to
encourage and facilitate international
collaborations that will lead to creating
new applications and opportunities for
glass. Since 2004, the IMI-NFG
program has supported more than 115
exchanges, involving 25 countries in
addition to the US, as explained in this
article.
Page 54 of 116
N 2853
PREMIER FOODS NOW A TARGET
FOR CHINA's BRIGHT FOODS?
www.foodmanufacture.co.uk
Premier Foods could be targeted lock,
stock and barrel by China's acquisitive
Bright Foods, analysts have
suggested, after the UK s largest food
manufacturer announced it had found
a buyer for its vinegars business (15
June 2012). To read more, please
visit:
http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Bus
iness-News/Premier-Foods-now-atarget-for-China-s-Bright-Foods
N 2854
JAPANESE EXPORTS BOOST
BROWTH FOR WEST MIDLANDS
BREWERY
www.foodmanufacture.co.uk
The West Midlands brewery Holden s
is planning major expansion to meet
Japanese demand for exports of
British real ale. The growth is set to
create 10 jobs. To read more, please
visit:
http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Ma
nufacturing/Japanese-exports-boostgrowth-for-West-Midlands-brewery
N 2855
SOLAGLAS REBRANDS TO
BECOME GLASSOLUTIONS
GLASS TIMES APRIL 2012 5
Solaglas recently announced that it
has re-branded to become
Glassolutions. The company has also
acquired national glazing contractor
Greenberg Glass & Glazing. MD,
Mike Butterick said: This is a
statement of our intent and a strategic
fit to the business." The company
explained that the change from
Solaglas to Glassolutions reflects the
company's role as a "solutions
provider" in glass to the glazing,
architectural, construction and building
maintenance markets in the UK. The
move also more closely aligns it with
other glass-based organisations within
the global Saint-Gobain Group.
Glassolutions also said that £100M will
be pumped into the business with the
aim of turning glass from a passive to
an active component in the drive
towards improved sustainability in
building. "Under the new
Glassolutions banner in the UK, we
intend to strengthen our market
position as the leading glass service
and solutions provider," Mike said.
N 2856
RANKINS SOLD TO iGLASS
GLASS TIMES APRIL 2012 8
Rankins Glass has recently been
bought by iGlass. The original
Rankins company dates back to 1740
and the company has glazed many
Fleet Street newspaper offices, put the
face on London's Big Ben and
provided protective and low reflective
panels for precious works of art.
iGlass is owned by Gregg Botterman
and Mark Woodward, who both have
vast experience in the glass industry
and the supply of products to the
interiors markets. Paul Rankin, former
owner, will continue in the role of
Chairman following the sale. The sale
to iGlass will mean expansion and
diversification for Rankins, which will
continue to supply and support the
glass trade, the building sector, and
will expand its business in the interiors
market with the incorporation of the full
range of existing and new iGlass
products, such as handless glassfronted kitchen cabinets, glass-fronted
radiators, bespoke shower cladding,
new designs in kitchen and bathroom
splashbacks, designer glass worktops
and handcrafted glass cabinet
handles.
N 2857
SOLAR BOOM HEADS TO JAPAN
CREATING A $9.6BN MARKET
www.renewableenergyworld.com 12
JUNE 2012
Japan is poised to overtake Germany
and Italy to become the world's
second-biggest market for solar power
as incentives starting July 1, 2012
drive sales for equipment makers from
Yingli Green Energy Holdings Co. to
Kyocera Corp. Industry Minister Yukio
Edano recently set a premium price
for solar electricity that's about triple
Page 55 of 116
what industrial users now pay for
conventional power. That may spur at
least $9.6BN in new installations with
3.2 gigawatts of capacity, Bloomberg
New Energy Finance forecast. The
total is about equal to the output of
three atomic reactors. "The tariff is
very attractive," said Mina Sekiguchi,
associate partner and head of energy
and infrastructure at KPMG in Japan.
"The rate reflects the government's
intention to set up many solar power
stations very quickly." Prime Minister
Yoshihiko Noda's effort to cut
dependence on atomic energy that
provided about 30% of Japan's power
before the Fukushima nuclear
meltdown in 2011 will help a solar
industry suffering incentive cuts across
Europe.
N 2858
UK's FIRST PRODUCT
SUSTAINABILITY FORUM
LAUNCHED
www.letsrecycle.com announced 21
June that "A groundbreaking forum
which will tackle the environmental
footprint of everyday products has
been launched today. The Product
Sustainability Forum (PSF) brings
together more than 80 organisations
including retailers, suppliers,
environmental charities, academics
and UK governments in the first
collaboration of its kind. It will take the
lead on addressing environmental and
sustainability issues that arise from
making and selling products. The
forum will look at the whole of a
product's life. Greenhouse gas
emissions, energy consumption, water
use, reliance on raw materials,
product-related waste and packaging
will all come under the spotlight. To
read more, please visit the website
above.
N 2859
EU SOLAR THERMAL MARKET
G STRYI-HIPP
GERMAN SOLAR INDUSTRY
ASSOCIATION 2002
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S14710846(01)80075-5
The first comprehensive study about
the European solar thermal market
came out in 1996. The European Solar
Industry Federation (ESIF) had
conducted it within the framework of
the ALTENER program of the
European Commission and published
it with the title Sun in Action. Experts
from 10 countries collated descriptions
of the European and some nonEuropean markets. The market data
published stem from 1994 and are
used here as the yardstick for
comparison of developments in recent
years. This article by Gerhard StryiHipp, Manager, German Solar Industry
Association (DFS) is an update of the
most important data and shows some
trends in the current market, without
claiming to be a comprehensive study
such as the original ESIF work. ESIF
has requested an updating of Sun in
Action within the framework of
ALTENER II, which is to be carried out
soon.
N 2860
[NEW PUBLICATION] COMPENDIUM
OF GLASS MELTING
SGT JUNE 2012
This Compendium represents a unique
achievement - a CD-based document
that contains papers, PowerPoint
presentations and lecture materials
that cover both the basic science and
the practical aspects of glass melting.
Containing almost 100 papers and
presentations, by over 60 authors, it
represents more than 1,000 manyears of practical knowledge and
experience - in all aspects of glass
melting science and technology. With
almost 2,500 pages, this
'Compendium' is probably the world's
single largest collection of science,
technology and information - relating
to glass melting. Contributing authors,
both industrial and academic, are from
Page 56 of 116
around the world each an expert in
their own field. The sections include: A
glassmaking glossary; The science
and properties of glasses; Industrial
overview - the technology and
economics of glass melting; Raw
materials, Glass compositions and
Batch formulations; Furnace design
and Energy efficiency; Furnace
equipment; Furnace operation and
glass quality; Refractories; Pollution
control. All the papers are hyperlinked to contents pages providing
easy access to this vast body of
information. In addition, authors
contact details are provided allowing
readers to follow-up on any item, if
they wish. The Compendium is
targeted at glassmakers, furnace
designers and specialist glassmaking
materials suppliers but will be of
interest to all in the glassmaking
community. It is available to both
members and non-members of the
SGT. The aim is to update and
expand the contents of the
Compendium on a regular basis:
'Edition 1' is now available for
purchase, via the SGT's offices and
website: SGT website:
www.sgt.org/SGT News Email:
[email protected]
The price (incl. p+p) is £90 (or just £40
to members of the SGT), plus VAT.
N 2861
ICG COMMITTEES - PROGRESS
REPORT AND MANY NEW ACTIONS
GMPA 2/12 64-68
The most recent meeting of the
International Commission on Glass
(ICG) was held in Italy at the Stevanto
Group Headquarters. The ICG is a
non-profit international glass society
consisting of 37 national organisations
in glass science and technology. The
aim of ICG is to promote cooperation
between glass experts. ICG organises
Technical Committee (TC) to work
(laboratory round robins, publications
of scientific and technical papers).
ICG organises the International
Congress on Glass every three years.
During the meeting, Coordinating
Technical Committees first, followed
by the Steering Committee, met and
presented delegates with activities,
successes, research and possible
interactions.
N 2862
DR ALAN McLENAGHAN MOVES TO
SAGE
PRESS RELEASE 29 JUNE 2012
Dr. Alan McLenaghan has been hired
as Vice President of Operations and
will be joining SAGE Electrochromics
effective July 16th. Alan will be coming
to SAGE from Verallia North America,
a Saint-Gobain company. In his most
recent role, he has served as Senior
Vice President of Technology at
Verillia, based in Muncie, IN. Dr.
McLenaghan is a 14 year veteran of
Saint-Gobain, having joined the
company in 1998 to lead the
construction of their new float glass
manufacturing plant in Eggborough in
North Yorkshire in England, a plant
that has won several awards. Prior to
joining Saint-Gobain, Alan spent three
years at Dupont and seven years at
ICI America. In his new position at
SAGE, Dr. McLenaghan will have
responsibility for SAGE s
manufacturing operations. In addition
to Dr. McLenaghan s extensive
experience in glass manufacturing, he
also has played a key role in building a
technology team that has focused on
safety, process and manufacturing
improvements, and sustainability
initiatives in the areas of environment
and energy savings.
N 2862a
MEETHOD OF GROUPING AND
CUTTING PATTERN OF CUTTING
PROBLEM OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL
PLATE
Q XUESHAO ET AL
ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY OF
LIGHT INDUSTRY, CHINA
ADVANCED MAT RESEARCH 462
2012 194-198
Through a case of glass plate cutting,
two-dimensional cutting pattern
problem of rectangular blanks is
discussed. The raw material is cut
and laid out by applying the method of
Page 57 of 116
grouping and two-stage cutting pattern
types. Here, the blanks are first
divided into different groups based on
certain requirements and then twodimensional cutting pattern problem is
transformed into two one dimensional
cutting problems. Through
constructing an integer programming
model, the cutting program of the raw
material can be obtained step-by-step
by calculating in LINGO. Here, the
precise algorithm of integer
programming is applied, which is not
the time algorithm of polynomial, in the
specific implementation, there should
be no other variables, so all the data
should be divided into different groups
to calculate. In each group, there
should be no more than 6 blanks,
grouped according to their size. This
algorithm is simple and easy to
operate with a high material usage.
N 2863
CLIMATE CHANGE & EMISSIONS
TO AIR-GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS TO BE DISCLOSED
DEFRA PRESS RELEASE 20 JUNE
2012
Defra announced on 20 June that all
businesses listed on the Main Market
of the London Stock Exchange will
have to report their levels of
greenhouse gas emissions from the
start of the next financial year, under
plans announced at the Rio+ 20
Summit. The UK is the first country to
make it compulsory for companies to
include emissions data for their entire
organisation in their annual reports.
The new regulations will be introduced
from April 2013 and reviewed in 2015,
before a decision is made on whether
to extend the approach to all large
companies from 2016.
N 2864
SPARK AWARDS - MONEY
AVAILABLE FOR NEW
COLLABORATIONS
CCFRA JULY 2012
SPARK awards comprise small sums
of money for new collaborations
between research partners and
Small/Medium-sized Enterprises
(SMEs). The collaboration supported
by a SPARK award can comprise
almost any defined piece of work by
the research partner for the industrial
partner, such as a student project,
data analysis, technical consultancy, a
feasibility study or literature review.
Experience has shown these awards
to result in improved interaction, and
new research and technology transfer
projects. These Awards are intended
to help resource small confidence
building measures between a SME
and a research based partner that is
likely to lead to a longer-term
relationship. Highly innovative
applications from partners who have
not worked together before are
especially welcome. The grants, which
are of a fixed value of £5,000 (plus any
applicable VAT), are awarded to the
research partner to tackle a problem
relevant to the SME. The scheme is
designed to provide quick approval
with minimal bureaucracy, in keeping
with the value of the grant.
N 2865
SHEFFIELD HALLAM TO OFFER
FIRST FOOD AND DRINK
ENGINEERING DEGREE
www.foodmanufacture.co.uk 9 JULY
2012
In partnership with the National Skills
Academy for Food and Drink
(NSAFD), the Food and Drink
Federation (FDF) have announced
that top marks in the search to find a
college to offer the nation's first
dedicated food and drink engineering
degree have gone to Sheffield Hallam
University. The first students will
begin their studies for a food and drink
engineering degree at the university in
September 2014.
N 2866
[RAW MATERIALS] MALAYSIA TERENGGANU SILICA PROJECTS
TO BOOST GLASS DEVELOPMENT
The unique Silica Valley project in
Terengganu is expected to attract
RM1.2BN in local and foreign
investments. The project, on a
Page 58 of 116
1,800/ha site in Marang and Setiu, will
have centralised silica and silicarelated industries. This will be
developed by TRG Industrial Minerals
through a collaboration with
international companies from Japan,
India and France which will be known
as TIM Konsortium. A press release
said the consortium would invest
between RM350-400M in the next five
years on the project. The project was
launched by the Sultan of Terengganu,
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin May 2012.
TIM Konsortium plans to build
Southeast Asia's biggest silica
processing plant in Setiu, which could
produce 800,000/t high-grade silica
sand and powder a year. The plant is
expected to commence operations by
mid-2013.
and plastic pharmaceutical packaging
products and in established markets
with sophisticated products for drug
dosage and administration. "Since we
expect the growth trend to continue in
the second six months of the year we
increase our revenue forecast for 2012
again and are planning substantial
investments in these growth markets,"
said Uwe Röhrhoff, CEO of
Gerresheimer AG. Group revenues
rise 10.3% to EUR 314.0M in Q2 2012
- Adjusted EBITDA increases by 4.3%
to EUR 58.6M - Net income rises to
EUR 17.4M and EPS to EUR 0.51 Revenue forecast raised from 7-8% to
9-10% at constant exchange rates Expected investment volume rises
from around EUR 100M to around
EUR 120M.
N 2867
[MARKETS] SCHOTT PINS HOPES
ON ASIAN GROWTH
Schott is hoping to continue to grow in
Asia. The Group is already present
with 10 plants in the region. The
company is hoping to defy the
slowdown in economic growth with the
help of its strong core businesses,
continued inn
N 2869
[CHINA] GLASTON INITIATES
LAWSUIT AGAINST NORTH GLASS
Glaston Group has taken legal
measures against North Glass and the
competent Court has registered the
case. In November 2010, the federal
Court in Ottawa, ON, Canada, issued
judgement in Glaston's favour on the
infringement of Glaston's two patents
for its unique tempering and bending
technology. The Court ordered that a
declaration is made against Shanghai
North Glass for infringement of
Glaston's 1,308,257 patent and
2,146,628 patent. A similar judgement
was issued int he UK in 2006. During
the last 2 years, Glaston has several
times been disclosing similar patent
infringements of North Glass and the
violation of North Glass' disclosure
obligation related to its IPO. Currently,
Glaston is also in the process of
initiating legal action in Europe as the
company has reason to believe that
the EU patents: EP0261,611 and
EPO679,613, owned by the company,
are infringed by North Glass.
N 2868
[CHINA] EXPANSIONS BOOM IN A
"QUIET" YEAR!
This article briefly outlines new
projects set up in China during the last
12 months. From new glass plants to
expansions, all in all, 35 projects are
detailed.
N 2868
GERRESHEIMER RAISES REVENUE
FORECAST AFTER GOOD 2Q
The robust revenue growth trend
continues at Gerresheimer AG, one of
the world s leading partners of the
pharma and healthcare industry. Our
revenues continued to develop very
positively in the second quarter of
2012. This growth is being achieved in
emerging markets with standard glass
Page 59 of 116
N 2870
ALLIED UNVEILS EXPANSION
PLANS
Allied Glass has agreed a deal to take
additional space at Towngate Link on
Cross Green Industrial Estate in
Leeds. The deal was agreed with
Brighouse-based commercial property
business Towngate and followed the
manufacturer of glass containers
signing a ten-year lease of a 106,143
sq/ft unit at Towngate Link in 2011.
Allied, the UK's fourth largest glass
container manufacturer, has now
agreed a second unit as demand for
its products increases.
N 2871
[USA] O-I SEES REVENUE LEAP
O-I recently announced that its first
quarter profit rose 47% as the
company boosted prices and
increased revenue. The company said
its net income was US$ 121M
(73c/share), for the period that ended
31 March 2012. That's compared with
US$ 82M (50c/share) in the same
period a year earlier. Revenue rose to
US$ 1.74BN from US$ 1.72BN a year
earlier. The company reported
adjusted net income of 73c/share,
while analysts expected 65c/share,
according to FactSet. O-I's revenue
was slightly lower than the US$1.76BN
analysts expected on average. The
company said price hikes helped its
revenue rise and offset higher costs
for raw materials, and the quarter
looked strong by comparison with last
year's because the company booked
about US9M in charges in 2011s first
quarter that were associated with
flooding in Australia. The company's
quarterly operating profit rose to US$
260M (US$ 208M). Shipments were
flat or rose slightly in Europe, N
America and S America, but global
shipments fell, thanks largely to a drop
in shipments in China. The company
said its pricing strategy should help
improve year over year financial
performance during the current
quarter, especially in N. America. O-I
said it did not have "clarity" about
demand in Europe as that region deals
with a financial crisis. As a result, the
company said it expects the second
half of 2012 to roughly be the same as
that of 2011.
N 2872
IDEA? FUNDING AVAILALBE FOR
YORKS & HUMBER SME's
http://www.co2sense.co.uk/
If you have an innovative product,
technology, service or process that will
reduce carbon, use less energy, water
and raw materials, or produce less
waste, you could get support and
investment from CO2Sense. You can
apply: For up to £100,000, although
larger projects will be considered for
investment rather than grant funding:
If your business is located in Yorkshire
and Humber: If your business is a
small or medium sized company: For
up to 70% of the total cost of your
project. Applying for funding couldn't
be easier. Just follow these simple
steps: 1. Download the funding
information - from the above
mentioned website - this will give you
a bit more information about the
funding and what you can apply for. 2.
Complete a short form (from the same
website) and email it to
[email protected]. This will
then be looked at by one of our team,
who will then let you know if you could
qualify for investment. If your project is
right for investment, we'll then email
you a longer application form. If you
have any questions, or would like
more information, email
[email protected] or call
0113 2378419
N 2873
JORDAN CALLS FOR INVESTMENT
Ministries of Economic Development
throughout the Middle East have
published details of a number of glassrelated products that the country of
Jordan has opted to put together as
part of the creation of a silicon cluster.
According to sources, Jordan is
seeking investments for US$2M with
Page 60 of 116
5-year recoupment term for building of
a factory of silicone gel. The schedule
for building of the enterprise is 10-14
months, and its customer is NAVITAS
Engineering & Management
Consultant. Besides,US$ 4M will be
raised with a 4 year investment
recoupment period for construction of
a soda silicate and potash silicate
factory. Construction will take place at
the same time and the customer is the
same. Another US$ 21M with
recoupment term of 7 years is raised
for construction of a glass container
factory with construction term 14-18
months and its customer is also
NAVITAS. The largest project,
however, is the construction of a float
glass plant with a total investment of
US$ 222,469,763, of which 35% is
drawn as a loan and 65% as equity
stakes of the shareholders. This plant
will produce 700/tpd and the customer
is PRO Group Consulting. Interested
parties may contact the Ministry's
Inter-State Economic Relations
Department by phone: +962-64006622.
N 2875
YUANJIANG SIGNS DAILY
GLASSWARE PROJECT WITH
50,000 TONS CAPACITY
www.glassglobal.com
November 2010, Mr. Deng Zongxiang,
Mayor of Yuanjiang City led chargers
of economic development zone and
Economic Cooperation Bureau to
Foshan City of Guangdong Province.
They signed a contract of daily
glassware product project with Foshan
Huaxing Glass Croup. The total
investment is 750M Yuan, with a five
year construction period. It will be
finished in three periods. Huaxing
Glass Group is a large-scale private
manufacturing company which
produce glass containers in clear flint,
flint, emerald green and amber color.
The company headquarters is located
in the Wuzhuang Industrial Park,
Luocun, Nanhai, Foshan city, China.
The production scale is expanding
constantly, setting eleven
manufacturing centers in Guangdong,
Hubei, Henan, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hebei,
Xinjiang, etc., and annual capacity is 3
million tons. The project is an program
to develop the food industry, wining
and beverage, medical and
pharmaceutical, and chemical
industries. Yuanjiang government
leaders paid much attention to this
project. All departments collaborated
and settled the project successfully.
N 2876
ARDAGH TAKES QUARTER OF US
GLASS MARKET WITH $800M
ACQUISITION
http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news
/ardagh-takes-quarter-of-us-glassmarket-with-880m-acquisition/
Ardagh announced 17 July that it has
agreed to buy the $800m-turnover
business from its private equity owner
Wayzata Investment Partners. Anchor
will increase the size of Ardagh s
overall glass packaging business by
around 50% and will give it a major
foothold in the US glass market;
following the deal, Ardagh will have a
market share in the US of around
23%. Based in Tampa, Florida,
Anchor produces some 5.6bn
containers annually from eight facilities
across the US. It employs
approximately 2,700 people and has
sales of around $800m. The deal is its
second acquisition in the US glass
market in just three months after it
bought Leone Industries, a familyowned firm based in New Jersey, in
March. It also comes as Ardagh
continues its plans for a public listing,
expected to be on the New York Stock
Exchange.
N 2877
ARDAGH's ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ACHIEVEMENTS RECOGNISED
Ardagh Group has been recognised
for energy saving achievements at its
UK glass operation. The company
received a highly commended award
in the Carbon Trust's Energy Efficiency
in Manufacturing Awards 2012. The
award was earned for concerted
Page 61 of 116
efforts made to save energy at its plant
at Irvine, Ayrshire. A systematic
energy saving programme has
resulted in an annual reduction of
around 2405tCO2 emissions, with
annual savings for the company of
over £165,000. The judges praised
Ardagh's diligent and methodical
approach to achieving the energy
savings. They singled out the
company's systematic implementation
of variable speed drives into various
aspects of the glass production
process as innovative within the glass
container industry. It was also noted
that this approach can be scaled up
with the potential for substantial
savings if and when carried across the
international sites of the Ardagh
Group.
N 2878
NIS AT AGENDA GLAS
GLASS WORLDWIDE JULY-AUG
2012 11
HNG Global, parent company of
Agenda Glas, Germany, has
purchased Quantum TWT
replacement plunger mechanisms for
the 6 1/4in DG and 5in TG
arrangements at the factory, based in
Gardelegen. Initial sections have
been installed and have been running
under glass since March. The balance
of the machine's OEM plunger
mechanisms will be replaced by
Quantum later this year.
N 2879
CHINESE GLASSMAKER BENEFITS
FROM VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
KNOWHOW
Everything has a weight in the
production of lightweight glass bottles,
suggests a leading Italian vacuum
technology suppler. This is confirmed
by the Chang Yu-Glass factory of
Yantai, in Shandong, north east China.
According to Pneumofore, Chang YuGlass is proof that selecting the
correct partner has a decisive
influence on determining the success
of a company. Since installing its first
equipment for lightweight bottles in
2010, Chang-Yu Glass has
reappointed Pneumofore as partner
and supplier of vacuum in 2012. The
creator of innovative rotary vane
technology in vacuum pumps,
Pneumofore has been in business
since 1923. Vacuum has emerged as
a valuable tool in the production of
lightweight bottles over the years,
minimising weight, while maximising
quality and strength.
N 2880
CUT-RESISTANT CLOTHING
INTRODUCED
UK-based Cutsafe Clothing Ltd has
launched a cut-resistant clothing and
apron range for the glass industry, all
items featuring level 5 cut protection.
The range is made form Cut-Tex PRO
fabric, which looks and feels similar to
cotton sweatshirt material and in tests
exceeds three of the maximum EN
388:2003 performance levels.
Included in the range are two
sweatshirts, a zip up jacket, some
innovative "long-johns" (to wear under
workwear trousers) and two aprons,
one for body protection, the other for
leg only protection. According to the
supplier, these garments are
lightweight, easy to wear, extremely
durable and machine washable. For
more information, please visit:
http://www.cutsafe.co.uk/
N 2881
SIMULATION SOFTWARE
RELEASED
Nogrid GmbH, the specialist supplier
of meshless computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) software, has
introduced Nogrid pointsGlow, a
software solution that simulates the
glass container forming process and
computes the results in full 3D.
According to its German developers,
the product is easy to handle and
generates solid solutions. It can be
used for BB, PB and NNPB processes.
Page 62 of 116
N 2882
[TURKEY] SISECAM MEETS GLASS
DEMAND
8
Sisecam has announced that its 2011
profits grew by 53% as it continued to
expand abroad. According to reports,
the company currently holds 3% of the
global glass demand with its
production, which has reached US$
3.7BN. "In 2011, our net profits
increased by 53% to 741 Turkish liras.
Our 2011 sales figures registered an
18% increase from the year before,
reaching 5BN liras and our
international sales rose 23% to 2.4BN
liras," said Ersin Ozince, Chairman.
N 2883
GLASS CHARTER 2020: WORKING
TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY
IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY
13-14
The Annual Glass Industry Health and
Safety Conference was held 3rd May
2012 in Stoke-on-Trent, UK. A
landmark event, the conference saw
the unveiling of the glass industry's
new strategy: "GLASS Charter 2020"
and its renewed commitment to
continuous improvements in health
and safety. This article reports on the
day's events, and looks at the release
of new documents by British Glass,
which are aimed at promoting a safer
working environment.
N 2884
COUNTING THE COST OF SAFETY
FAILINGS
19-25
The HSE is the national independent
watchdog for work-related health,
safety and illness in the UK. A
proposal to place a duty on the HSE to
recover costs where duty-holders are
found to be in material breach of
health and safety law is expected to be
implemented by October 2012. In this
article, the author explains what this
proposal will mean for glass
manufacturers.
N 2885
HEALTH RISKS FROM THE USE OF
ASBESTOS AND CERAMIC FIBRES
F NOVOTNY & I ZACKOVA
INST CHEM TECHNOL, PRAGUE &
SKLO UNION, CZECH REPUBLIC
28-31
While two causes have been identified
for the harmful effect of asbestos,
there is no clear proof as to which is
the main culprit. In this article, the
authors investigate both the chemical
toxicity of the asbestos surface and
the mechanical damage of cells
caused by sharp fibre endings in order
to shed some light on the matter.
PACKAGING
PA 890
EUROPEAN GLASS PACKAGING
VOLUMES UP IN 2011
www.feve.org
European glass packaging production
volumes have grown by 4.7% in the
first half of 2011, according to figures
from the European Container Glass
Federation. In the first six months of
2011, Europe produced 10.6 Mtonnes
of glass compared to 10.2 Mtonnes in
the same period last year. France was
up 7.2% in production volumes with
Germany up 7.1%, Italy up 6.4% and
Turkey up 15%. According to Feve,
the results signal a recovered
confidence from customers and
consumers." Feve president Niall Wall
said: Glass packaging remains one of
the reference materials for brands and
retailers to deliver high quality food
and drinks to both domestic and export
markets because glass brings great
added value while remaining at a
competitive price. Such signals
reinforce our confidence in the fact
that consumers simply trust glass
because of its environmental, health
and taste preservation qualities.
Page 63 of 116
PA 891
UK PACKAGING AWARDS 2011 WINNERS: GLASS PACK OF THE
YEAR
/awards-winners/
More than 620 people gathered at the
London Hilton on Park Lane on 16
November 2011, to celebrate the very
best packaging and companies in the
UK market. Crown Closures Europe
stole the show with its Orbit easy-open
lid for jars, winning three awards for
the technology, while Logson Group
took home the UK Packaging
Company of the Year award.
Shortlisted in the glass category were:
Allied Glass Containers 700ml The
Naked Grouse; Ardagh Group
Glenlivet Malt Whisky 12 and 15 year
old versions; Webb deVlam Bombay
Sapphire Limited Edition Bottle. To
read more and see the list in full,
please visit:
/awards-winners/
PA 892
VERALLIA PRESENTS NEW IMAGE
OF PREMIUM SIGNATURE AT LUXE
PACK MONACO 2011
GLASS TECHNOLOGY (EUR J
GLASS SCI) 52 5 OCTOBER 2011
180
With a new logo, new image and new
range, Selective Line reaffirms its
position in the premium market and is
now structured around three axes: The
Collection includes a series of stock
bottles available in stock or for order,
depending on the model. Using the
extra flint quality, the range is also
available in a variety of feeder colours,
including extra black glass.
Creativ'Lab is a state-of-the-art
creation and innovation centre that
brings together experts in glassmaking
and premium decoration techniques to
design new glass packaging and
decoration projects. Equipped with the
most efficient communication tools, the
centre provides a space for
collaborative work in real time that
optimises the design-to-production
time. Creativ'Lab is based at the site
of Verallia's integrated partner, Saga
Decor, in Pont Sainte Maxence,
France, just 30 minutes from Charles
de Gaulle Airport, making it even
easier to develop close working
relationships with international
customers. Tailor-Made is a service
dedicated to accelerating product
development with project managers
who work alongside customers
throughout the design process.
According to Verallia, Selective Line's
strength lies in its global presence and
the complementary nature of its
products and services.
PA 893
ELECTRONIC LABELS LIGHT UP
BEVERAGE BOTTLES
RETAIL PACKING NOV-DEC/2011 10
Innovia Films Ltd, a leading global
manufacturer of speciality films, and
PragmatIC Printing Ltd,a pioneer in
imprinted logic circuits, has announced
the successful integration of printed
electronic functionality onto Innovia
Films' Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene
(BOPP) label substrates. The first
prototypes are interactive bottle labels
that activate a sequence of flashing
lights when the bottle is held. Schott
White CEO of PragmatIC Printing
commented: "Our collaboration with
Innovai Films has demonstrated that
our unique imprinted electronics can
be integrated successfully onto label
and packaging films." Steve Langstaff,
OPP Product Manager at Innovia
enthused: "This is a highly significant
step for BOPP. Innovia Films is well
known within the packaging and labels
arena as a proactive developer of
specialist surfaces on BOPP films.
This exciting development is only a
small part of a larger project getting
printable electronics into volume
packaging markets." For more
information, please visit:
www.innoviafilms.com
Page 64 of 116
PA 894
INNOVATIVE GLASS PACKAGING
BY O-I WINS RECOGNITON WITH
CLUTCH OF HIGH PROFILE DESIGN
AWARDS
RETAIL PACKAGING NOV-DEC/2011
19
Glass bottles in innovative designs are
key to creating successful brands,
attracting consumers' attention and
setting new trends. This has been
demonstrated recently by a number of
award-winning glass bottles produced
by O-I. The awards have been won
across many different segments NAB, beer and wine - around the
world, showing the flexibility of glass
as a packaging material. Among the
glass bottles to be recognised for their
innovation and creativity is the Gizebottle, which is produced for the Gize
mineral water from Canadian Mineral
Water SA. It has received a total of 10
national and international awards
through 2011, including the Gold
Pentaward 2011, beating almost 1000
competitors from five continents. For
www.http://GlassisLife.com
PA 895
BEATSON CLARK WINS
PRESTIGIOUS CONTRACT
ASIAN GLASS JANUARY 2012 18
Beatson Clark has won a prestigious
contract to supply bottles for a range
of high-end sauces and dressings,
developed by Wiltshire-based
OwentPotts. The deal extends the
existing relationship between the
Rotherham-based glass manufacturer
and Owen Potts, who made his name
as an inventor of sauces, jams,
condiments and dressings for brands,
large and small, before launching a
range under his own name. Michelle
Potts (Owen's wife), praised the
design saying: "We love the bottle: it
has a tall, slim silhouette that suites
the simple label and it really makes the
products stand out from the crowd."
Beatson's sales and marketing director
Lynn Sidebottom said: "We've
supplied glass containers to Owen
Potts since he first launched 4 years
ago and we're really pleased that the
company has chosen us to proide the
bottles for its new range." The new
Owen Potts ranges will be sold
exclusively through Sainsbury's stores.
PA 896
BENCHMARK PACKAGING - AG
BARR CONTRACT SECURED
GMPA 6/2011 20
Scottish Benchmark Packaging has
invested £60,000 in new machinery to
secure a major contract with soft
drinks producer AG Barr to label more
than 3M/bottles of major soft drinks.
Once complete, the Barrs returnable
glass bottles - unique in the soft drinks
market - will be sold for use in licensed
premises throughout the UK.
Benchmark's MD, Russell Cohen said:
"When we re-launched our contract
packaging division early 2011 we
made the decision to go head-to-head
with the UK's leading contract packers
in order to give Scottish businesses
the option to keep their work north of
the border. In order to achieve this,
we planned to invest £500,000 in our
management team, facilities,
processes and new product areas
during 2011-12, although at the time
we didn't envisage any of the
investment paying such immediate
dividends." Benchmark's clients also
include Chivas Brothers, Chesapeake,
Burns Stewart, The Edrington Group,
and William Grant & Sons.
PA 897
NEW BOTTLE FOR MOMBASA CLUB
GIN
PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL NOVDEC 2011 13
Spanish-based Unesdi has released
its Mombasa Club gin in an attractive
glass bottle. The 700ml blow glass
flagon has excellent shelf appeal and
is closed with a plastic-topped cork
stopper. The self-adhesive paper
labels are litho-printed and feature
semi-domed raised text on the front.
Page 65 of 116
PA 898
[USA] NEW REUSABLE PACK FROM
COCA-COLA
PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL NOVDEC/11 13
A brilliant reusable pack from CocaCola in the USA includes a bottle
opener and 12 237ml gravure-printed
blown glass bottles with crimped-on,
tin plate crown caps held in a "party
tub." A litho-printed and perforated
corrugated insert, which also protects
the huge tin plate bucket, is over
printed with the Coca-Cola logo.
Handles on each side of the bucket
improve portability.
PA 899
TESCO's NEW LIGHTWEIGHT
CHAMPAGNE BOTTLE
PACKAGING NEWS JAN 2012 4
Tesco has started stocking a new
lighter-weight champagne bottle as it
pledged to cut the weight of all its
champagne bottles in the coming
years. The supermarket giant began
selling its exclusive De Vallois
champagne in a 830g bottle that is
around 7% lighter than the standard
version in December 2011. De Vallois'
new bottle is the result of an initiative
led by the champagne industry body
CIVC.
PA 900
STO PROVIDES MARINE BLUE FOR
GANT
www.stoelzle.com
One of the stars on Stolzle
Flaconnage's stand at Packaging
Innovations will be the marine-inspired
bottle they have produced for Gant's
first in-house fragrance. Rectangular,
it features a braided wicker pattern
moulded into the deep sea blue glass.
It comes in 50ml and 100ml. A
rectangular cartouche three quarters
of the way up the bottle allows the
name to be moulded onto a plain
background. "The production of this
attractively masculine bottle has
required the highest level of quality
control," said Franck Legrand, Sales
Director for Stolzle France SAS. "It
was essential to fulfil the design
concept of the brand as created by
Pierre Dinand. We undertook
considerable research, both to ensure
the moulding of the pattern remained
constant around the bottle, particularly
at the shoulder and the base, and that
the colour homogeneity of the Kobalt
blue glass was maintained. We are
delighted with the result." For more
information, please visit:
www.stoelzle.com
PA 901
BEATSON CLARK PROVIDES A
CORKING NEW BOTTLE
www.beatsonclark.co.uk
Glass manufacturer Beatson Clark has
helped Global Brands to rebrand its
Corky's product by providing an
embossed bottle for the drink. Global
Brands began working with Beatson
Clark 18 months ago when it moved
filling operations for the Corky's drink
to the UK. Beatson Clark has now redesigned the 500ml white flint bottle
with a standard 31.5mm ROPP neck
finish, to replace the previous cork
neck. "At Beatson Clark we take pride
in our new flexible approach and the
fact that we can offer small production
runs," said Sales & Marketing Director
Lynn Sidebottom. "This flexibility
makes us the ideal choice for
companies launching or trialling new
products or re-branding existing
products like Corky's Liqueurs."
PA 902
AUCHENTOSHAN MOVES TO GICEL
GLASS
http://www.alliedglass.com/news/auchentoshanmoves-gicel-glass
For the first time since the
Auchentoshan Distillery was granted
its distillery licence in 1823, this truly
unique single malt Scotch Whisky has
been bottled in a beautiful superpremium flint glass bottle.
Manufactured using Allied s stunning
Gicel Glass, this elegant oval shaped
bottle, has a sleek and modern image,
with intricate embossing and a thick
base, which reflects the stylish and
unique Auchentoshan brand. Ian
Page 66 of 116
Hamilton, Purchasing and Packaging
Development Manager at Morrison
Bowmore Distillers says: These
elegant bottles have great presence
on- shelf, the outstanding clarity of
Gicel Glass reinforcing the premium
and unique qualities of the
Auchentoshan whisky brand. The
outstanding feature of the Gicel
premium flint glass is the extraordinary
clarity of the glass. In the main, clear
glass bottles have a tinge of colour,
however Gicel Glass has a purity that
is incredible. Philip Morris, Sales and
Marketing Director, says: Here at
Allied Glass we nurture a very special
culture which embraces creativity and
manufacturing discipline, technical
vision and creative enthusiasm, all of
which have been vital elements in the
creation of our stunning Gicel Glass.
He concludes: These Auchentoshan
bottles are an excellent example of
how Gicel Glass can help our
customers to develop packaging that
gives them a competitive edge over
rival brands. As the only fully triple
distilled single malt whisky in Scotland,
Auchentoshan is a contemporary
spirit, aimed to appeal to a new era of
whisky drinkers.
PA 903
NEW BOTTLE FOR CZECH BEER
www.glassonline.com 26 MARCH
2012
Czech beer brewer Staropramen is
investing more than EUR 8M in a new
bottle, part of the programme updates
of the brand: the new slogan "One for
all and all for one" and a new logo,
which was unchanged over the last six
years. In 2011 the Czech Republic
sold more packaged beer than draft
beer in pubs and restaurants. This
long-term trend intends to increase
home consumption of beer, and
Staropramen s investments are in
response to this trend. "Because
people are increasingly drinking beer
at home, we decided to give them this
opportunity and offer a unique new
bottle of beer, said Zbynek Fuller,
executive director of Staropramen
beer. The new package not only
reflects the innovative and modern
Staropramen brand, but also relies on
tradition." The new glass bottle has a
logo is in the form of a capital S in a
wreath and the inscription 1869. So
far, the company has invested US$
200M. Complete replacement of all
half-litre glass bottles of Staropramen
beer will take place in coming weeks,
depending on the time needed for the
return of old bottles from the market.
PA 904
IPA SHAKE-UP WOOS YOUNG
MALES TO ALES
THE GROCER 31 MARCH 2012 30
Greene King is revamping its IPA
brand and splashing out £4M on a
marketing push in a bid to modernise
the image of the ale category. Two
new brews are being added to the
range in 500ml glass bottles: 4.1% abv
IPA Gold, a golden ale aimed at
younger drinkers, and 5.4% abv IPA
Reserve for premium ale aficionados.
The brewer is also re-branding the
entire IPA range.
PA 905
WEST INDIAN EXTRA HOT PEPPER
SAUCE LAUNCED MARCH 2012 IN
GLASS
Encona has launched its hottest-ever
SKU in time for the barbecue season.
The first 100 bottles were sold via its
Facebook page before the official
launch. "Fans have been clamouring
for us to take the heat to a new level,"
said brand manager Giuseppe Vullo.
"We have responded with a distinctive,
spicy sauce featuring some of the
hottest peppers, including Jolokia and
Scotch Bonnet." Packaged in a
distinctive clear glass bottle, the sauce
retails at £1.59.
PA 906
CELEBRATORY SUMMER WILL
DRIVE BOOZE AND SAUCES
"For Brits, not having alcohol at a
barbecue is like forgetting the burters,"
said Richard Benjamin, MD of
Manchester Drinks. Like many alcohol
Page 67 of 116
suppliers, Benjamin feels there is
significant room for category growth
this year as key events drive
celebratory sales. "We expect that
with the Olympics, Jubilee and Euro
2012, sales will be our highest todate." Dan Townsend, GM at
Treasury Wine Estates UK & Ireland,
believes some brands will benefit more
than others, particularly those already
associated with sunnier climes, such
as Australian and Shiraz Cabernet
wines - but, retailers could do more to
appeal to consumer tastes. "Retailers
often overlook red wine when crosspromoting in the barbecue season,
despite the fact that many consumers
prefer red wines with more
pronounced food flavours, rather than
lighter whites, to accompany barbecue
meat," he said. Traditionally, it is the
beer brands that capitalise - and they
will be pulling out all the stops this
year to ensure that's still the case.
Chang Beer is offering a specialedition branded barbecue this summer
in an effort to associate its glass
bottles with the occasion. Foster's
meanwhile, is to roll out a £7.5M
campaign in a bid to position Foster's
Gold as a mainstream premium lager.
Both will be keen to capitalise on the
30% value growth in sales of long
alcoholic drinks that mixed social
occasions can bring.
PA 907
THE CHATTERING PACKAGES
THE PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL
MARCH-APRIL 2012 3
Talking packaging could be the future,
thanks to a new mobile phone
technology being developed by a
Finnish research centre. Researchers
at VTT Technical Research Centre of
Otaniemi, Finland, have found a way
to use NFC (near field communication)
technology to turn packaging into
gateway for more information. NFC
allows the wireless transfer of digital
information over a short range
between objects by placing them close
together, and could be used to help
those with visual or hearing difficulties
to identify indistinct products. Chip-
bearing stickers are added to a
product, which, when scanned by a
shopper's smart phone, prompts
anything from normal text, audio or a
link to a web page to load on the
screen. Marja Harjumaa, a research
scientist at VTT, points out that it could
be an effective way for the food
packaging industry to display detailed
information in a small area. The chip
comes battery-free and can be
constantly updated with new
information, unlike conventional
barcodes or more modern QR (quick
response) codes that cannot be
changed after they are set. NFC tags
are said to be easier to use than
barcodes and QR codes, both of which
can be scanned by shoppers using
their phone's built-in cameras to
access additional information or
compare prices.
PA 908
COBALT BLUE GLASS FOR USA
BEER LAUNCH
2012 13
Verallia North America is a key
supplier of the cobalt blue coloured
bottles for the recently-introduced Bud
Light Platinum beer launched by
Anheuser-Busch InBev in the USA.
The eye-catching cobalt blue beer
bottle not only differentiates the
product on the shelf and supports the
brand identity but is also completely
recyclable.
PA 909
CLEAR LOOK LABELS FOR
CONTEMPORARY BEER BRAND
2012 13
Carlsberg UK has formed a
partnership with Mahou-San Miguel of
Spain to create San Miguel Fresca.
Spear created contemporary, clear
look labels to complement this
dynamic brand. Fresca is brewed by
Carlsberg UK, who describes the
product as a "crisp refreshing lager,
best served chilled with a slice of
lime." The Spear team worked closely
with its suppliers to achieve this look
Page 68 of 116
on clear, pressure-sensitive labels.
Spear collaborated with its ink supplier
to develop a soft touch matt varnish;
this was combined with an innovative
"course touch" tactile varnish to create
a contoured effect. UV inks were then
utilised to create a standout visual
contrast on the bottle. Spear also
reduced costs by employing an
innovative thin material for a wider
front label, enhancing the premium "no
label" look.
PA 910
ABSOLUT GLIMMER BOTTLE WINS
PACKAGING AWARD
2012 14
Ardagh Group was among the winners
at the 2012 iF Packaging Design
Awards for one of its most recent glass
packaging developments. The limited
edition Absolut Glimmer features an
innovative glass bottle, produced and
decorated in-line at Limmared,
Sweden. Ardagh worked closely with
Pernod Ricard to create a distinct
appearance and texture, creating
something truly different to provide the
trade with an engaging consumer
proposition by representing something
bold, innovative and interesting in
store.
PA 911
LIMITED EDITION RETRO BOTTLE
DEVELOPED
2012 14
The Hubertus deer head, symbolising
the herbal liqueur brand Jagermeister,
is as internationally renowned as the
beverage itself. This iconic symbol
features strongly on the brand's limited
edition retro bottle, produced by O-I.
Once a traditional brand with a slightly
old-fashioned image, Jagermeister
herbal liqueur is now enjoyed
worldwide by a wide range of
consumers. The brand's limited
edition package highlights this
evolution by combining tradition with
modernity. In addition to the deer
head embossed on the back of the
bottle and the lettering on its side, a
historic label communicates the
history, spanning over 75 years,
behind this iconic product. The
distinctive bottle design is also
characterised by its vintage look and
textured surface, its robust squareedged shape and its hallmark green
colour, which was specially developed
for Jagermeister.
PA 912
GLASS BOOSTS BEER SALES
6
According to a company report, O-I's
Vortex bottle has played a major role
in a sales boost for Australia's Gage
Roads Brewing Company. The
company has reported a 25% year-onyear increase in its Wahoo Premium
Ale sales since the introduction of the
Vortex bottle and changes to the
beer's label and secondary packaging.
PA 913
[PET] MILK - SOARING COSTS
CREATE CRUSHING CLIMATE FOR
MILK PROCESSORS
THE GROCER MARCH 2013 12-13
Life in UK liquid milk is tough. Rising
input costs, fierce competition for
supply and supermarket price wards
have put processor margins under
continuing strain. But even by recent
downbeat standards, the current mood
is dark with two liquid milk businesses
hitting the buffers this year, Quadra
Foods and the processing arm of
Dairystix maker Farmright Group, both
called in administrators in February,
followed in early March by Rock Farm
Dairy. So what's changed? Much of
the answer can be found in the global
commodity markets. A dramatic fall in
the price of bulk cream - an important
source of income for processors coupled with soaring prices on fuel
and plastics has put extra strain on a
sector already operating on wafer-thin
margins. According to DairyCo, the
price of cream in February was
£1.18/litre (25% below 2011). The
Platts index, a key indicator of plastics
prices, has hit £1.285/t, up from an
average of £1.106/t in the last six
Page 69 of 116
months of 2011. Experts estimate
these two factors alone translate into
roughly £125M in additional,
annualised costs to the sector - and
that's before even taking into account
the rising cost of fuel. That £125M
extra consists of: £276.1/M litres of
cream produced annually; £105M lost
income on all cream produced:
110,000/t of plastic used in milk bottles
per year; and £19.6M extra plastics
cost based on 178.1/t price increase.
PA 914
ALE URGES BRITS TO "KEEP CALM
AND CELEBRATE"
THE GROCER MARCH 2012 28
Spitfire Premium Kentish Ale,
packaged in clear glass bottles, were
rolled out in May in limited-edition
celebration livery. The packs - dubbed
the "Bottle of Britain" - carry Union
Jack branding and a neck collar
sporting the motto: "Keep Calm and
Celebrate." Brand owner Shepherd
Neame said the bottle had been
developed to meet the need for
products for the Jubilee, Olympics and
Euro 2012. "Retailers need eventfocussed products for a range of
opportunities," said brand manager
Kate Maclean.
PA 915
DIAGEO SETS OUT £1BN SCOTCH
WHISKY INVESTMENT PLAN
http://www.diageo.com/enrow/newsmedia/pages/resource.aspx?
resourceid=1286
Diageo has announced its intention to
set out £1billion Scotch whisky
investment plan which will include:
New malt whisky distillery and major
expansion of existing distilleries;
Substantial warehousing expansion to
store maturing spirit; Hundreds of jobs
created in Diageo and wider Scottish
economy. Diageo, the world s leading
premium drinks business, has unveiled
plans to invest over £1billion in Scotch
whisky production over the next five
years to meet growing global demand
for its brands. A major new malt
distillery will be built as part of the
investment, alongside a programme of
major expansion at a number of
Diageo s existing distilleries. Detailed
plans will also be developed for a
second new distillery which will be built
if global demand for Scotch is
sustained at expected levels. The
company also plans to invest in
substantial new warehousing capacity
to house the millions of additional litres
of Scotch whisky which the distillation
investment will produce.
PA 916
DIAGEO AFRICA WINS "GOOD
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE"
AWARD AT AFRICA BUSINESS
AWARDS
http://www.diageo.com/enrow/newsmedia/pages/resource.aspx?
resourceid=1296
Diageo, the world s leading premium
drinks company, has won the Good
Corporate Governance award at the
2012 African Business Awards. The
event which is organised by Africa
Business magazine and the
Commonwealth Business Council
(CBC), was held in London on 7 June
and attended by more than 300
leaders from government, business
and the diplomatic community. The
African Business Awards have, over
the last five years, become a
prestigious platform to celebrate
business excellence and best practice,
recognising the leaders and
companies that are driving Africa s
rapidly transforming economies.
Winners have made an outstanding
contribution to the development of the
continent, the economic empowerment
of its citizens and the transformation of
Africa s image in international markets.
The Good Corporate Governance
award recognises responsible
business ethics and practices,
transparency and an active policy to
tackle corruption. On receiving the
award, Anne McCormick, Corporate
Relations Director, Diageo Africa,
remarked that, At the core of Diageo s
business and our values is the
commitment to being one of the
world s most respected companies,
with an earned reputation of integrity,
Page 70 of 116
fairness and good governance. This is
a source of pride for our employees
and is core to the long term success
and sustainability of our business. As
a leading business in Africa, we also
believe we have an important role to
play in working with other businesses,
governments and civil society to build
an environment where good
governance is understood, expected
and celebrated. Diageo s
comprehensive guidelines for business
compliance, controls and ethics are
enshrined in a global Code of
Business Conduct, which is translated
into 19 languages and observed as the
minimum standard in all of the 180
countries in which the company
operates.
PA 917
MOLSON COORS (UK AND
IRELAND) TARGETS WOMEN WITH
LAUNCH OF ANIMEE
http://www.molsoncoors.com
Recently launched Animée is part of
Molson Coors ambition to make beer
a real choice for women who are vital
in growing a shrinking beer market,
which currently attributes just 17% of
its sales to females. The 4% ABV
beer is lightly sparkling and finely
filtered with a delicious, fresh taste.
Animée will be available in three
variants: clear filtered , crisp rosé and
zesty lemon. The new brand
positioning aims to dispel the
perception among women that all
beers look and taste the same and
that there is nothing to tell them apart.
The positioning is supported by
Animée s unexpectedly sophisticated
appearance and delicious, fresh taste.
Kristy McCready, Communications
Partner, Molson Coors (UK & Ireland)
said: Women are an essential part of
future growth for the beer industry and
can no longer be ignored. We need to
repair the reputation of beer among
women by launching products that
meet their needs. Driving a growth in
beer consumption among women is no
mean feat. Currently 79% of women in
the UK never or rarely drink beer, only
accepting to drink beer on a small
number of occasions. At Molson Coors
we have put a lot of time into finding
out why women aren't drinking beer,
conducting an insight programme with
over 30,000 women, and what would
make them change their minds. The
result is Animée, which we see as an
exciting opportunity to break down the
barriers between women and beer.
The brand plan and the product design
are feminine and sophisticated without
being patronising. Animée is the result
of two years of NPD driven by industry
and consumer insights from the
BitterSweet Partnership, a multi-million
pound business set up by Molson
Coors in 2009 to remove the gender
imbalance that exists around beer
consumption and make beer an
aspirational choice for women.
Working with VCCP Blue, Molson
Coors will launch a £2 million
advertising campaign to drive
awareness of Animée among
consumers and the trade.
PA 918
MOLSON COORS RECEIVE
REGULATORY APPROVAL
RELATED TO STARBEV
ACQUISITION
http://www.molsoncoors.com
Molson Coors Brewing Company
announced on 6 June that it has
received regulatory approval from the
European Competition Commission,
related to its acquisition of StarBev,
which was previously announced on
April 3, 2012. This approval follows
previous regulatory approvals from the
Serbian Commission for the Protection
of Competition, as well as the AntiMonopoly Committee of Ukraine. We
are pleased to have received the EU
regulatory approval and look forward
to closing before the end of the month,
as previously indicated, said Peter
Swinburn, President and Chief
Executive Officer of Molson Coors.
We continue to be impressed with the
StarBev team and operations, and
expect to hit the ground running upon
closing this highly compelling
transaction. In May, the Company
successfully completed an offering of
Page 71 of 116
$1.9 billion in debt securities, the
proceeds of which will be used to
finance the acquisition.
PA 920
ALLIED GLASS WINS WORLD
WHISKY DESIGN AWARD
http://www.alliedglass.com/news/allied-wins-worldwhisky-design-award
Allied Glass Containers has recently
been awarded the Best Bottle
accolade at the inaugural World
Whisky Design Awards for The Naked
Grouse bottle manufactured for The
Edrington Group. Praised for being an
excellent and original bottle and a
great example of challenging existing
whisky packaging, The Naked Grouse
bottle was particularly applauded for
its creative and effective use of
embossing for the grouse, allowing the
bottle to work without the need for a
label. The World Whiskies Design
Awards recognise excellence in pack
design and innovation and are judged
by an international panel of design
experts.
PA 921
CONSOL GLASS LAUNCHES SOLAR
JAR
http://supermomsa.co.za/2012/01/cons
ols-new-solar-jar/lifestyle/
Lauched this year, South African glass
container manfacturer Consol Glass
has come up with an innovation in
container glass. According to a news
report: Many South Africans are
without adequate electricity supply,
and those who do have electricity are
subject to the inconsistent power
supply due to load shedding and
power outages. This prompted
leading glass manufacturer Consol
Glass to provide an alternative lighting
solution one that is safe, sustainable
and easy to use. The Solar Jar is
made up of a solar-powered light
housed safely in the classic Consol jar.
Fitted with solar-powered LED lights,
the lid has solar panelling that, when
placed in the sunlight, powers the LED
batteries for almost six hours before it
needs to be recharged. It also has a
switch on the lid for the user s control,
proving that the Jar is energy-efficient
and safe to use. The Consol Solar Jar
is perfect for when the lights go out, for
patio dining, or romantic dinners,
camping, in fact any outdoor activity
that needs soft, safe lighting. From
this it is clear that the uses for this
innovative new creation are endless,
making the Consol Solar Jar a
timeless piece.
PA 922
ROYAL SALUTE TO JUBILEE
Pernod Richard-owned Scotch whisky
Royal Salute is celebrating the
Queen's Diamond Jubilee with the
unveiling of a limited edition bottle.
The porcelain flagon is finished with a
rich, royal-blue glaze and presented in
a hand-crafted display box.
PRIMARY PAPERS
PP 1510
NEW ANNEALING TECHNIQUE IN
OPTICAL GLASS PRODUCES
GREATEST HOMOGENEITY
ANON
GLASS INT., 23 11 1942 424-25
Seven pictures and their caption
describe the new process of heat
treating optical glass developed by ED
Tillyer of the American Optical Co
PP 1511
SIMULTANEOUS ANNEALING OF
THICK AND THIN WALLED GLASS
OBJECTS IN A SPECIAL
ANNEALING FURNACE
FH ZSCHACKE
GLASHUTTE 72 1942 49-52;
ABSTRACTED IN CHEM.ZENTR., II
13 1942 1504-1505
It is possible to cool thick and thin
walled ware simultaneously in a belt
annealing furnace, provided the
highest temperatures attained in
Page 72 of 116
PP 1512
ANNEALING OF GLASS
WA WEYL AND AG PINCUS
JOUR. APPLIED PHYSICS 14 1 1943
37-39
The rate of removal of mechanical
strain should follow maxwells first
order law but for glasses it has been
found that the rate is proportional to
the square of the birefringence. The
authors explain this in terms of the
structural picture of glass. During
annealing the stress optical constant
of the glass as well as its viscosity
undergoes a continuous change.
Birefringence is not a correct measure
of the stress and the adamswilliamson findings are only apparently
in contradiction to the classical
derivation of maxwell.
PP 1513
ANNEALING OF FLAT GLASS
B DARAGAN
VERRES ET REFRACTAIRES 5 3
1951 135-43; TRANSLATED IN
GLASS IND., 33 2 1952 69-74, 98-99
The mechanical concept of the
annealing process advanced by
Adams and Williamson and the
structural concept of Lebedev are
discussed. D prefers the latter which
considers birefringence only as the net
result of density changes
corresponding to variations in
structural state and not as the sole
criteria for annealing. Changes in
density and refractive index of
quenched vs annealed glasses are
both subject to two effects opposite in
direction but in the case of density the
net effect is a greater percentage
change than in the case of refractive
index; therefore density
measurements are preferred.
PP 1514
GLASS FORMATION REGION IN
THE SYSTEM
ANORTHITEDIOPSIDEACKERMANITE
TA ABDUVALIEV ET AL
TR MOSK.KHIM-TEKHNOL.INST
1978 P 109-11
The glass formation capacity is related
to solid phase reactions.
PP 1515
ANORTHITE: A NEW FORM OF RAW
MATERIAL FOR THE GLASS
INDUSTRY
LP EFIMOVA ET AL
GLASS AND CERAMICS 31 11-12
1974 777-778
The use of anorthite for the production
of a calcium aluminosilicate glass is
described. The use of this material
which contains 35% alumina can
provide all the necessary alumina for
this type of glass and enable
economies on dolomite and san to be
achieved.
PP 1516
CRYSTALLISATION OF ANORTHITE
FROM CaO-Al2O3-Si02 GLASSES
MSY BHATTY ET AL
MINERALOG MAG 37 291 1970 780-9
The xray powder diffraction pattern of
synthetic anorthite crystallised from a
CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass having an
anorthite (1:1:2) molar ratio is identical
with that reported in the literature and
also with that of a natural Japanese
anorthite specimen. Increasing the
CaO or SiO2 content of the parent
glasses used for crystallisation studies
has no measurable effect on that
portion of the powder pattern
attributable to anorthite. However,
glasses containing an excess of Al2O3
ranging from 5 to 10mol% gave after
crystallisation at temperatures below
c.1150oC, a distinctively different
powder pattern. Several powder
reflectios that arw normally strong
such as 220,112 etc. were found to be
virtually absent. Moreover, the
chemical excess od Al2O3 did not
Page 73 of 116
PP 1517
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF ANTIDAZZLE
GLASSES, MORE PARTICULARLY
SUN-GLASS FILTERS.
JD MOLLER OPTISCHE WERKE
GmbH
B.P 1128476, 25.9.68
Elementary boron is added to silicon
dioxide or a silicon dioxide containing
substance and this mixture of
substances is evaporated on to the
glass filter under vacuum.
PP 1518
THE SELECTION OF THE BEST
ELEMENTAL VARIABLES FOR THE
CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS
SAMPLES
D A HICKMAN ET AL
METROPOLITAN POLICE
FORENSIC SCIENCE LABS
FORENSIC SCI INT 23 1983 189-212
Neutron activation analysis, inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry, flame atomic emission
spectrometry and atomic absorption
spectrometry have been employed to
measure the absolute concentrations
of 22 elements in a group of 49
colourless sheet, container and
tableware glasses of refractive index:
1.5177-1.5183. The elements
determined were: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Ce,
Co, Cr, Sc, Eu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn,
Na, Rb, Sc, Sr, Th, U and Zn. The
data have been examined by cluster
analysis and stepwise discriminant
analysis and recommendations are
made concerning the best elements to
determine for the forensic purpose of
achieving satisfactory classification of
the samples analysed.
PP 1519
CLASSIFICATION AND TESTING
LUBRICATIVE COATINGS FOR
GLASS CONTAINERS
GCMI
GLASS CONTAINER
MANUFACTURERS INST, USA
GCMI BULLETIN NO 63, 1965
A classification of coatings and outline
of recommended test methods for
lubricative coatings for glass
containers is specified in this report.
The classification was adopted by the
Committee on Container Design &
Specification on June 29, 1965, and
sent out as an Industry Bulletin.
PP 1520
METHODS FOR TESTING
LUBRICITY AND SCRATCH
RESISTANCE OF COATED GLASS
CONTAINERS
GMIC
GLASS CONTAINER
MANUFACTURERS INST, USA
GMIC TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO 64,
1965
This report presents methods for
testing lubricity and scratch resistance
of coated glass containers. Two tests
for evaluating lubricating coatings on
glass are: (i) Lubricity; and, (ii)
Scratch. The first is essentially a
measure of static coefficient of friction
between glass containers under no
load except their own weight. The
second is a measure of static
coefficient of friction between glass
containers under no load except their
own weight. The second is a measure
of the load needed to develop glassto-glass contact between two glass
containers in sliding contact.
PP 1521
COMPUTER MODELLED INTERNAL
PRESSURE STRENGTH
PREDICTIONS FOR REFILLABLE
GLASS CONTAINERS
B O AUGUSTSSON et al
GLASTECH BER 1986 59 5 121-131
The strength of a glass container
under different types of loads will be
determined by several interrelated
factors. Varying stresses will be
produced at different locations on a
bottle surface when loads are applied
to the bottle, due to different bottle
shapes, wall thicknesses and wall
thickness variations. This study
provides a method which may be used
to describe the stress and strength at
each location on a glass container
surface, and also provide a fracture
strength distribution for certain types of
loads.
Page 74 of 116
PP 1522
INVESTIGATIONS OF STRESSES IN
GLASS BOTTLES UNDER INTERNAL
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (PARTS
1, 2 & 3)
J M TEAGUE JR & H H BLAU
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA
J AM CERAM SOC 39 7 1956 229252
The behaviour of glass bottles under
internal hydrostatic pressure has been
studied. Three commercial beer bottle
designs were investigated by four
different methods of experimental
stress analysis, namely, photoelastic,
electric strain gauge, brittle coating,
and brittle model methods. The
"fixation" or "stress-freezing" method
of three-dimensional photoelastic
stress analysis employing Fosterite
models has been applied to the study
of glass bottles apparently for the first
time. By this method, extensive
measurements of the surface stress
distributions have been made and are
presented in graphical form. Other
tests corroborate these results and
illustrate the characteristics of bottles
under internal pressure, including the
effects of certain elements of bottle
design. Results obtained by all four
methods correlate well and should find
valuable and practical applications in
similar studies on other types of glass
containers.
PP 1523
THE INTERNAL PRESSURE
STRENGTH OF GLASS BOTTLES
UNDER LONG-TERM AND SHORTTERM STRESS (BGIRA
TRANSLATION 670)
G SCHONBRUNN
GLASTECH BER 38 8 1965 329-333
Until now, only experiments of short
duration have been undertaken to
determine the strength characteristics
of glass, in particular of glass
containers. The existing test methods
are: The bursting pressure test or the
rapid breakage pressure test; the oneminute test and the one-minute
incremental pressure test; the thermal
shock resistance test; & the optical
polarisation test. As in practice, glass
containers are often subjected for long
periods to excess internal pressure,
this raises the question of their
behaviour under long duration,
continuous loading. From other fields,
it is known that short duration
experiments do not permit conclusions
about long-term behaviour to be made,
ie with many materials, it is necessary
to study the long-term behaviour, as
some properties change with time
because of the interaction of the
structure and chemical composition of
the materials with the influences of
environment or operating conditions.
The duration of the stress also greatly
affects the strength. To follow up
these questions, experiments of long
duration were carried out.
PP 1524
STUDIES CORRELATING BOTTLING
LINE WITH PRESSURE TEST
BREAKAGE
A HERMAN & H M KINDSVATER
JACS 25 15 1942 434-438
An investigation was undertaken to
determine whether or not the Preston
hydrostatic pressure machine,
modified so that an initial pressure of
25lb per sq. in. may be obtained, is
capable of predicting bottling-line
production breakage by pressure tests
on samples of the bottles in use. The
quart and fifth-gallon bottles
investigated were round, whereas the
pint and half-pint bottles were of the
flask type. Correlating data between
production and the percentage of test
breakage for quart and pint bottles are
significant, and data for fifth gallons,
although less significant, are definitely
positive. Half-pint data yielded no
significant relationship between the
percentage of production breakage to
test breakage, but this is probably the
result of abnormal bottling-line
conditions. A method of determining
the range of production breakage
percentage to that of test breakage by
the use of the standard error of
estimate is described.
Page 75 of 116
PP 1525
A STANDARD FOR GLASS
BOTTLES USED IN THE FOOD
INDUSTRY
L S SERGEEVA & V N KURITSYNA
GLASS & CERAMICS 36 10 1979
577-579
One of the most important problems of
the glass industry is to lower the
amount of defective products and to
raise the quality of packaging material
to meet the conditions of being filled
on high-speed bottling lines. During
the revision of GOST 13906-68
"Bottles of Liquid Foodstuffs Technical Requirements," before the
Branch of the State Scientific
Research Inst for Glass, the following
tasks were set up: a more exact
definition of the individual indices of
quality for bottles and testing methods;
the introduction of new rules for the
acceptance and establishment of
requirements for products subject to
certification by the State Sign of
Quality. This article reviews current
national and foreign standards and
analyses the differences between
various countries. The index for the
resistance to internal hydrostatic
pressure of the bottles is lower in
GOST 13906 than in foreign
standards. The determination of the
hydrolytic class of stability is not
specified in GOST 13906, whereas in
other foreign standards the hydrolytic
class of grading to which the bottle
glass must belong is indicated.
PP 1526
IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL GLASS
FRAGMENTS FOR FORENSIC
PURPOSES
http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil
.gov.au/reports/9-80.pdf
This publication forms the final report
of the Criminology Research Council
project 9/80 entitled "The Identification
of Small Glass Fragments for Forensic
Purposes". The project was funded
over a two year period from August
1980 to August 1982 with grants. The
aim of the project was to implement a
rapid and sensitive
nondestructivemethod, based upon a
scanning electron microscope, for the
identification and comparison of small
glass fragments. Full details of the
various facets of the research
programme have been recorded in two
annual reports to the Criminology
Research Council (Terry, van Riessen
and Lynch 1981, 1982). These topics
are listed in Appendix A of this report.
This final report attempts to give an
overall view of glass, glass analysis
and the uses to which the analyses
may be put. It is hoped that this will be
of interest to law enforcement
personnel and others in the criminal
justice area as well as forensic
scientists.
PP 1527
CHARACTERIZATION OF GLASS
SURFACES
C T LEE & D E CLARK
UNIVERSITY FLORIDA, USA
APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE
SCIENCE 1985 20 397-412
Significant advances have been made
during the last 15 years in our
understanding of glass surfaces &
their environmental reactivity. The
major reason for this advancement is
the large array of surface analytical
techniques that has been developed
and applied to many industrial
problems. One specific area of
research where surface analysis has
been proven valuable is glass
corrosion. Until recently, the principal
methods for studying degradation of
glasses were weight loss
measurements & solution analytical
techniques. Neither of these provide
information on surface alterations
resulting from corrosion.
Consequently, very little was known
about the variety of mechanisms by
which glass corrosion occurs.
Currently,a multi-technique approach
is being used in many laboratories
around the world in order to achieve a
better understanding of corrosion on
glasses designed for immobilizing
nuclear wastes. Similar approaches
are being taken to solve problems
related to conventional glass
fabrication, glass preservation, & to
Page 76 of 116
new glass manufacturing processes
based on sol-gel technology. In this
paper, several techniques which are
being routinely used to characterize
glass surfaces are discussed.
PP 1528
CORROSION OF GLASS SURFACES
D E CLARK & L YEN-BOWER
SURFACE SCIENCE 1980 100 53-70
Solution analyses and weight losses
traditionally have been used for
studying glass corrosion. These
techniques provide very little, if any,
information concerning the nature of
the reaction layer remaining on the
glass surface after corrosion. Several
analytical surface techniques are now
being applied routinely to the
characterization of glass and glass
surfaces. A clearer understanding of
corrosion mechanisms and kinetics
emerges when a combination of
surface and solution analysis is
employed.
PP 1529
SINGLE-NUMBER TOLERANCES
FOR COLOURED GLASS
SPECIFICATIONS
N J KREIDL & T G PETT
BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL CO, USA
JACS 34 12 1951 370-374
Chromaticity data of glasses were
measured by the Hunter Colour-Colour
Difference Meter and the results
converted to single numbers
representing distances in colour space
between each glass and a glass in the
centre of an appropriate specification.
This simple evaluation gave a good
correlation to visual specifications as
the more complicated evaluation of
spectrophotometric data. A probable
error or 5% existed for each method if
the alternate method was regarded as
correct.
PP 1530
THE ANALYSIS OF THE GASES
OCCURRING IN BUBBLES AND IN
SOLUTION IN GLASS
W B PRICE
INT CONGRESS ON GLASS, 1956
199-213
This article examines the process of
the analysis of gases in bubbles. A
knowledge of the identity of the gases
which are found in bubbles and in
solution in glass can often be of great
use to the glass Technologist. The
bubbles which may occur in bottles, in
chemical glassware, in articles such as
glass blocks, in sheet glass and the
highest quality plate glass, in CRT's
and in optical glass can cause
considerable loss to the manufacturer;
any information which contributes to
their prevention is valuable. In
addition, the examination of bubbles
has great scientific interest, since it
gives information about the melting
process and the behaviour of
refractory materials. The
determination of dissolved gases adds
to our knowledge of the effect of such
gases on the properties of glass and of
the ways in which they can enter into
its structure.
PP 1531
THE MEASUREMENT OF FAINT
COLOURS IN GLASS
GLASS TECHNOLOGY 14 5 1973
109-113
A current survey in 8 laboratories has
shown that good agreement in the
measurement of faintly coloured glass
can be obtained between different
laboratories using different
instruments. Spectrophotometers
have been successfully used to
distinguish between similar samples
through 7mm path lengths.
Page 77 of 116
PP 1532
GLASS CLARIFICATION WITH
ANTIMONY H SCHOENBORN
SILIKAT TECH 2 7 1951 204-208
In laboratory tests at a glassworks in
Jena, additions of 0.15% Sb2O3 were
found to be superior to the equivalent
amount of 0.10% Al2O3 insofar as the
average blister concentration and the
average size of the blisters were
concerned. The lower the melting and
clarification temperatures, the greater
was the effect. In easily melting alkalirich glasses Sb clarification is also
superior to sulfate clarification. A
combined clarification of fluorspar and
Sb is the most favorable, and quartz
meal gives a worse clarification than
finely ground sand.
PP 1534
GLASS TRANSITION AND
CRYSTALLIZATION OF A TERNARY
METASTABLE PHASE IN AN
ANTIMONY-OXYGEN-TELLERIUM
SYSTEM (IN RUSSIAN) L.A.
DEMINA, V.A. DOLGIKH, B.A.
POPOVKIN, A.V. NOVOSELOVA
MOSK. GOS. UNIV., MOSCOW,
USSR
L A DEMINA ET AL.
MOSCOW UNIVERSITY
IZV. AKAD. NAUK SSSR, NEORG.
MATER 1981 17 9 1594-1597
The glass-forming region of the Sb-OTe system was studied by DTA and xray analysis. A homogeneous glass
forms at >90 mol % TeO2.
PP 1535
CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLASSES
OF THE ANTIMONY(IV) SELENIDEGERMANIUM SELENIDE-SELENIUM
SYSTEM (IN FRENCH) N
CLAVAGUERA ET AL. BARCELONA
UNIVERSITY
N CLAVAGUERA ET AL.
BARCELONA UNIVERSITY
JOURN. CALORIM. ANAL. THERM
1980 11 3-2-1/3-2-8
The crystallisation of glasses of the
Sb2Se3-GeSe2-Se system was
studied calorimetrically. Samples of
composition Ge5Sb15Se80 and
Ge12.5Sb25Se62.5 were crystallised
under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. In each case
the activation energy decreased as the
temperature of the transformation
increased; e.g. for the Ge5Sb15Se80
deltaH = 188 +/- 5 kJ/mol at 378 K and
112 +/- 2 kJ/mol at 526 K. Thus, it is
not possible to quote a constant
activation energy for the crystallisation
of these glasses although at agiven
temperature, both isothermal and nonisothermal methods give the same
results.
PP 1536
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF
ANTIMONY-GERMANIUMSELENIUM SYSTEM GLASSES IN A
BROAD TEMPERATURE RANGE (IN
RUSSIAN)
A V PAZIN & E D GLUSHKOV
KIROV POLITEKH. INST.
FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1980 6 6 693-699
The electric conductivity of Sb-Ge-Se
glasses increased with increasing
temperature at 300-1000 degrees due
to the gradual delocalization of
valence electrons and metalization of
chemical bonds. The electric
conductivity of melts was significantly
affected by the glass structure in the
solid state.
PP 1537
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
AND IR SPECTRA OF GLASS
FORMING Sb2O3 (IN RUSSIAN) Y P
KUTSENKO ET AL.
Y A KUTSENKO ET AL.
FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1979 5 4 438-441
The Sb2O3 glass was synthesized
from chemically pure Sb2O3 crystals
at 750 degrees C in vacuum. This
glass is highly resistant to acid
corrosion (e.g. HNO3, H2So4). Its
properties include a density of 5.06
g/cm3; microhardness, 430 kg/mm2;
initial softening temperature, 230
degrees; initial crystallization
temperature, 273 degrees;
crystallization capacity coefficient,
6.75; refractive index, 2.20; forbiddenband energy, 3.81 eV; and ultrasonic
wave propagation rate, 2.62 x 10
power 5 cm/s. The ir spectrum of the
Page 78 of 116
glass is compared with that of the
crystalline modifications senarmontite
and valentinite.
PP 1538
MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
OF STRUCTURES CRYSTALLIZING
FROM GLASSES IN THE SYSTEM
As-Sb-Se
S P TESLENKO ET AL.
FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1979 5 1 67-70
The effect of glass-crystal
transformation on the surrounding Sb
atoms was studied using Moessbauer
spectroscopic data of quenched and
crystallized glasses of the system AsSe-Sb. The Moessbauer spectra of
121Sb in these glasses exhibit a
positive isomer shift of 1-1.5 mm/s,
relative to the crystal Sb2Se3, which is
apparently caused by decreased
effective coordination number of Sb
and the degree of ionic bonding SbSe. The microheterogeneous glasses
As2O3Sbx (0.4<x<1.0) contain
associated pyramidal structural units
SbSe3/2 in the polymer network,
forming As2Se3 and AsSe structural
units.
PP 1539
EPR SPECTRUM OF Sb4+ IN A
SILICATE GLASS J W H SCHREURS
& D H DAVIS
J. CHEM. PHYS. 1979 71 1 557-559
An EPR Sb spectrum activated by
electrons photo-ionized from Ce is
observed in polychromatic glasses.
PP 1540
GLASS FORMING IN THE Sb-O-X (X
= Cl, Br, I) SYSTEM I D
TURYANITSA & Y P KUTSENKO
THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1979 5 2
215-217
A study of glass formation in the
antimony oxyhalide system has been
made and physico chemical properties
of the glasses are reported.
PP 1541
OXIDATION-REDUCTION
BEHAVIOUR OF ANTIMONY OXIDE
IN SOME BINARY BORATE AND
SILICATE GLASSES
A PAUL
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN
CERAMIC SOCIETY 1979 38 3 108109
A study has been made of the
oxidation-reduction behaviour of
antimony oxide in simple binary
sodium borate and sodium silicate
glass as a function of the sodium
content of the glasses.
PP 1542
HEAT CAPACITY, THERMAL
EXPANSION AND ULTRASOUND
PROPAGATION VELOCITY IN
ANTIMONY GERMANIUM SLENIDE
(SbGexSey) GLASSES WITH
CONSTANT ANTIMONY CONTENT
G M ORLOVA ET AL.
AMORPHOUS SEMICOND., PROC.
INT. CONF. 1976 (PUB. 1977) 487490
The variation of acoustical wave
propagation velocity, moduli of
elasticity, and adiabatic compressibility
with Ge composition is is practically
linear, except for the glass containing
25 at.% Ge, which lies in the concn.
triangle on the pseudobinary section
GeSe2-Sb2Se3. The increase of Ge
content over the stoichiometric amount
in the binary and ternary system leads
to an increase in d. and moduli of
elasticity and a decrease in
compressibility. As Ge was added to
the ternary systems, the glass
transition temperature, tg, increased
while the thermal expansion
coefficient, alpha, and heat capacity
Cp, decreased. However, at a Ge
content >25 at.%, Cp increased and tg
decreased possibly due to the
formation of weaker Ge-Ge bonds.
Page 79 of 116
PP 1543
ANTIMONY-TELLERIUM-SELENIUM
SYSTEM PHASE DIAGRAM AND
GLASS FORMATION REGION S
BORDAS ALSINA ET AL.
S BORDAS ALSINA ET AL.
JOURN. CALORIMETRIE ANAL.
THERM. 1977 8 2 25-32 (IN FRENCH)
The phase diagram of the binary
systems Sb-Te, Sb-Se, and Te-Se are
given. The region of glass formation
depends on the quenching procedure
(quenching into liquid N, air, and water
and slow cooling) and is decreased in
changing from liquid N to slow cooling.
The transformation temperature of
vitreous samples are not related to the
preparation technique.
PP 1544
A PHOTOMETRIC METHOD OF
DETERMINING ANTIMONY IN
GLASSES USING oPYRIDYLFLUORON (IN GERMAN)
J VRBSKY & J FOGL
PROC. OF THE XIth INTL. CONGR.
ON GLASS, PRAGUE 1977 III 449453
A highly sensitive reaction between
Sb(III) salts and derivatives of 2, 6, 7trihydroxyisoxanthenon (fluorons) has
been used to determinephotometrically
the antimony in glasses refined with
Sb2O3.
PP 1545
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURALCHEMICAL FEATURES OF
ANTIMONY-GERMANIUMSELENIUM SYSTEM GLASSES BY A
VISCOMETRIC METHOD (IN
RUSSIAN)
N A KOREPANOVA ET AL.
ZH. PRIKL. KHIM (LENINGRAD)
1976, 49 1 36-40
The viscosity of glass melts containing
Sb 5-25, Ge 5-30, and Se 60-85 at.%
at 76-397 degrees was determined
and free activation energy and entropy
of their viscous flow were calculated.
The GeSe2-Sb2Se3 pseudobinary
section on the Sb-Ge-Se conc. triangle
was a boundary between 2 ergions of
vitreous melts of different structuralchemical compositions.
PP 1546
STUDY OF THE MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY, VISCOSITY, AND
VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF
GLASSES ON THE ANTIMONYGERMANIUM-SELENIUM SYSTEM
(IN RUSSIAN)
V S GERASIMENKO ET AL.
LENINGRAD UNIVERSITY
FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1976 2 3 275-280
The structure and chemical interaction
of Sb-Ge-Se glass was studied by
determining magnetic susceptibility,
viscosity, and vibrational spectra. A
joint study of the magnetic properties
and vibrational spectra led to the
statistical distribution of the symmetry
of the structural units in the Sb-Ge-Se
glass system.
PP 1547
STUDIES ON REPLACEMENT OF
ARSENIC BY ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE
IN GLASS MELTING (IN SWEDISH)
L-G JOHANSSON
GLASTEK. TIDSKR. 1976 31 2 37-43
The investigation shows that antimony
trioxide may be used in lead free
potash glass and that solarisation is
eliminated by its use.
PP 1548
GLASS FORMING IN THE Sb-O-I
SYSTEM I D TURYANITSA & Y P
KUTSENKO
183-184
Some results of a study of the region
of glass formation and some
physicochemical properties of glasses
in the system Sb-O-I are presented.
PP 1549
GLASS FORMATION IN THE Sb-Se-I
SYSTEM
O V KHIMINETS ET AL.
485-488
The glass-forming region in the Sb-SeI system lies within the Sb2Se3-SeSbSeI triangle. The main
physicochemical parameters of the
Page 80 of 116
glasses and their transmission spectra
in the 400-33 cm-1 region are given.
at very low Reynolds numbers deserve
further study.
PP 1550
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY,
VISCOSITY, AND VIBRATIONAL
SPECTRA OF GLASSES IN THE SbGe-Se SYSTEM
V S GERASIMENKO ET AL.
271-275
It is suggested that in the Sb-Ge-Se
system there are ergions of
composition where the strcuture of the
glasses is determined by the presence
of micro-inclusions of elementary Ge
and Sb. A combined study of the
magnetic properties and the vibrational
spectra of these particular glasses
suggests that the structural units in
glasses of th Sb-Ge-Se system are
statistically distributed.
PP 1553
REVIEW - STATIC FATIGUE IN
GLASS
R ADAMS & P W McMILLAN
UNIVERSITY WARWICK, UK
J MAT SCI 12 1977 643-657
Experimental developments and
theoretical treatments of static fatigue
in glass are reviewed. Areas requiring
further research are highlighted.
PP 1551
PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES
OF GLASSES OF THE SYSTEM AgSb-S
M I GOLOVEI
NEORGANICHESKIE MATERIALY
1975 11 4 745-746
No Abstract
PP 1552
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE
HOMOGENIZING OF GLASS MELTS
M CABLE & J HAKIM
DEPT GLASS TECHNOLOGY,
SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY
CHEM ENG SCI 27 1972 409-415
A simple method of quantitatively
estimating the homogeneity of glass
from measurements of etching by
hydrofluoric acid was developed. This
was used to study the homogenizing
of mixtures of two different glasses
stirred with a simple disk stirrer. The
kinetics of homogenizing were typical
of a diffusive process but much
affected by initial distribution of the two
glasses. Flow patterns were not those
expected from study of models with
constant density and viscosity. It
appears that effects of density and
viscosity on mixing of viscous liquids
PP 1554
OPTIMUM SCHEDULE FOR
ANNEALING FLAT GLASS
O S NARAYANASWAMY
JACS 64 2 1981 109-114
This paper formulates and solves the
problem of optimum annealing of glass
in which one seeks to minimise either
residual stress or annealing time. An
approximate analysis shows that
residual stress is a weighted integral of
cooling rates and that an optimum
schedule is obtained when the cooling
rate is inversely proportional to the
square root of the weighting function.
Several multibreak annealing
schedules are investigated. It is found
that a practical and nearly optimum
schedule in this class is a two-break
schedule that cools glass most slowly
in a 65 deg C interval and most
rapidly outside this interval. It yields
an optimum stress significantly lower
than that of a constant-rate annealing
schedule. Furthermore, the optimum
is not very sensitive to minor changes
in the schedule.
PP 1555
INVESTIGATIONS OF STRESSES IN
GLASS BOTTLES UNDER INTERNAL
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
J M TEAGUE & H H BLAU
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
JACS 39 7 JULY 1956
The behaviour of glass bottles under
internal hydrostatic pressure has been
studied. Three commercial beer bottle
designs were investigated by four
different methods of experimental
stress analysis, namely, photoelastic,
Page 81 of 116
electric strain gauge, brittle coating,
and brittle model methods. The
"fixation" or "stress-freezing" method
of three-dimensional photoelastic
stress analysis employing Fosterite
models has been applied to the study
of glass bottles apparently for the first
time. By this method extensive
measurements of the surface stress
distributions have been made and are
presented in graphical form. Other
tests corroborate these results and
illustrate the characteristics of bottles
under internal pressure, including the
efects of certain elements of bottle
design. Results obtained by all four
methods correlate well and should find
valuable and practical applications in
similar studies on other types of glass
containers.
PP 1556
RATIONAL USE OF RARE-EARTH
COMPOUNDS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF TABLEWARE GLASS
V A FEDOROVA
GLASS & CERAMICS 12 7-8
DECEMBER 1985 529-532
The work of the Gusevsk branch of the
State Institute of Glass has adequately
covered the theoretical questions of
using rare-earth elements as a glass
colorant. A number of publications
exist dealing with the decolorisation of
glass using rare-earth oxides. At the
same time, the complex action of rareearth compounds as active additives
simultaneously influencing the fining,
chemical and physical decolorizing of
tableware glasses has not been
adequately investigated. The
empirical approach to the use of small
additions as rare-earth colorants in
glasses, as well as in the form of
decolorisers and fining agents often
leads to an economically unjustified
consumption of scarce raw materials.
The Gusevsk branch has studied the
complex influence of additives on the
process of fining and colorising of
tableware glasses. Physical
decolourisation was examined as a
process of colorising with small
additions of colorant. Also studied
was the effect of arsenic, antimony,
and cerium in various compositions of
such glasses.
PP 1557
SELENIUM RUBY GLASS
J D SULLIVAN & C R AUSTIN
JACS 25 5 1942 123-127
This paper presents the results of an
experimental study on the production
of selenium ruby glass, particularly on
the retention of the colorants during
the melting and fining operations.
Selenium, cadmium, and sulfur are
necessary in the final glass to get a
ruby colour. Reducing conditions are
conductive to the retention of a large
percentage of the selenium in the
glass, but when conditions are highly
reducing, cadmium is eliminated
almost completely. The writers believe
that too little attention has been given
in the past to the chemistry of the
entire glass batch, and as a result
operators and research workers have
often failed to get a ruby glass not
because the loss of selenium was too
high, but because they eliminated the
cadmium by maintaining too strongly
reducing conditions. A balance must
be maintained so that the batch and
the atmosphere above it are
sufficiently reducing to hold enough
selenium in the melt but not so
strongly reducing as to eliminate the
cadmium. The use of silicon as a
reducing agent is suggested.
PP 1558
SELENIUM BLACK GLASS
C R AUSTIN & J D SULLIVAN
JACS 25 5 1942 128-129
A black glass was made by melting a
soda-lime-silica glass under a
reducing atmosphere with the addition
of 0.6% of selenium and 0.1% of
cobalt carbonate, CoCO3. The light
absorption of a specimen about 0.01
inch thick in the range of 400 to 750mu
was superior to that of commercial
black glass. The maximum
transmission was 27% at 750mu. The
use of nickel and iron oxides is less
effective than cobalt oxide for
obtaining selenium black glass.
Page 82 of 116
PP 1559
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF GLASS
SURFACES
L L HENCH
J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 25 1-3 1977
343-369
Considerable progress has been made
in understanding the nature and
behaviour of glass surfaces since the
Xth ICG in Kyoto, Japan 1974. The
excellent Rolla Conference or Glass
Surfaces and proceedings therefrom,
firmly established that the surfaceenvironment interactions of glass can
now be treated as a science.
Characterization of the composition
and structure of a glass surface has
been made possible through the
development of a number of new
surface analysis techniques. Through
the use of these tools it is now a firmly
established fact that glass surfaces
consist of complex compositional
profiles of all the constituents in the
glass. Bulk composition, melt history,
fabrication variables such as furnace
and lehr atmospheres, and
environmental history all influence the
compositional profiles characteristic of
a given glass article. Direct
relationships between surface
compositional profiles and physical
and chemical properties thus can be
established. In fact, it is the ability to
characterize the glass surface
sufficiently to relate the surface to
glass processing on the one hand and
glass properties on the other that
makes the study of glass surfaces a
bona fide materials science.
REFRACTORIES
R 751
REFRACTORIES IN THE GLASS
INDUSTRY
SOCIETY OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY
More than 20 years ago, the SGT
published a series of papers outlining
the many advances in refractory
technology that had contributed
significantly to furnace performance
and glass melting. In the intervening
years, on-going developments,
particularly in refractory technology
and furnace design, have again
contributed to further progress in
energy efficiency, output and life of a
glass melting furnace, and in the
quality of their products. In recognition
of this, those earlier papers have been
extensively revised and are offered in
this publication. The papers are
intended for the non-specialist. They
have been written to give a practical
introduction to the properties,
application and performance of the
most important types of refractory,
currently used in glass furnace
construction. For more information,
please email:
[email protected]
R 752
HEAT-INSULATING SILICA BRICKS:
MANUFACTURE, PROPERTIES AND
APPLICATIONS
M KOTOUCEK ET AL
P-D REFRACTORIES, CZECH
REPUBLIC
2012 33-34, 36, 38, 40
Increased awareness surrounding
energy consumption is challenging
refractory manufacturers to create
products of smaller volume weight with
superior heat-insulating properties. In
this paper, the author describes heatinsulating silica and its application in
the glass industry. Attention is paid to
its history, today's product ranges and
development trends in the
manufacture of heat-insulating silica.
R 753
CUSTOM-MADE CRUCIBLES
BENEFIT TESTING PROCESS
www.almath.co.uk
Almath Crucibles, based near
Cambridge, supplies crucibles to a
variety of industries; predominantly to
educational and research institutions.
With a "no minimum order " policy, it
can produce crucibles in small
quantities, such as for experiments
where specific dimensions are
required. When using crucibles for
glass applications, Almath
Page 83 of 116
recommends using crucibles that have
been specifically made for the
process. For example, when using
alumina crucibles, a thicker wall is
recommended as it provides the
crucible with a good resistance to
breakage from "wetting." When
producing crucibles for use with silica,
the company would mill the alumina
slip for longer, which gives the crucible
a better non-wetting surface. For
www.almath.co.uk
R 754
EFFECT OF ALUMINA SOURCE ON
THE RATE OF MELTING
DEMONSTRATED WITH NUCLEAR
WASTE GLASS BATCH
D A PIERCE ET AL
PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS,
WASHINGTON, USA
The selection of raw materials affects
the rate of batch-to-glass conversion.
In all-electric melters, foam under the
batch blanket limits the heat flux from
the molten glass, thus slowing the rate
of melting. In this study, the authors
compare the melting behaviours of
three batches formulated to vitrify
high-alumina high-level waste, and
show that a slowly dissolving
refractory component can cause
excessive foaming. Faster melting
batches with gibbsite or boehmite as
an alumina source produced
substantially less foaming than at atch
with corundum. Although gibbsite and
boehmite dissolved below 500 deg C,
corundum was still present in the
batch up to 900 deg C; hence, the
glass-forming melt lacked alumina in
the batch with corundum. The low
viscosity of that batch caused the open
pores to close prematurely at 660 deg
C, trapping gases and expanding to
foam. This would explain the
literature-reported slow melting rate of
a batch with corundum, as compared
to batches with gibbsite and boehmite.
R 755
REFRACTORY ALKALI-FREE
CRISTOBALITE GLASS-CERAMICS:
ACTIVATED REACTION SINTERCRYSTALLISATION SYNTHESIS
AND PROPERTIES
R PASCOVA ET AL
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES, SOFIA
A new approach for the synthesis of
chemically stabilised B-cristobalite-like
glass-ceramic materials is developed.
It is based on an activated reaction
sinter-crystallisation process of
compacted powder mixtures at
relatively low temperatures and short
heat treatment times. To facilitate
homogenous dopant distribution and
thus the formation of a high content of
Bx-cristobalite-like phases, processing
a very low thermal expansion
coefficient, the batch components are
introduced in a chemically,
mechanically, or thermally preactivated form. In this way, the high
temperature glass re-melting usually
employed in the "classical" synthesis
of glass-ceramics is avoided. Using
different, mutually complementary
techniques of analysis it is revealed
that optimal refractory properties are
achieved with glass-ceramics
containing Xx- and Bx-cristobalite solid
solutions with close values of the
lattice parameters. In thsi case, the
transformation between these two
cristobalite-like solid solutions
proceeds instead by a first-order
displacive transition. The refractory
properties of the glass-ceramic
materials thus synthesized and the
possibility to use various forming
techniques open many fields for their
application.
Page 84 of 116
R 756
REFRACTORIES REVENUES
STRONG
2012 9
Despite the uncertain economic
environment, refractories producer
RHI expects good revenues for 2012,
which will be at the level recorded for
2011 (1758.6M/Euros). The Group will
invest around 170M/Euros in 2012,
with the main part flowing into the
expansion of raw materials supply in
Norway and Turkey, as well as the
creation and extension of
manufacturing capacity in Brazil and
China.
R 757
REFRACTORIES EXPERIENCE - ITS
ALL IN THE NAME
GMPA 1/12 29-31
This article gives an overview of
newly-formed, Italian-based
Refractories Experience, founded in
2010 by a group of businessmen and
collaborators who, thanks to their
considerable experience in the
demolition and reconstruction of
furnaces and refractory materials in
the hollow glass sector, have set up a
company with characteristics that are
true to its name. The company's
activities concern the demolition and
following reconstruction (total or
partial) of furnaces, working with
specialists with many years'
experience. The company is also
involved with hot work repairs as per
the needs and demands of clients,
regarding the reconstruction of
sidewalls using "AZS" as well as the
installation fo fused silica furnaces,
firing, preheating and sealing of
furnaces.
R 758
REFRACTORIES AND PROPPANTS
DRIVE NEW BAUXITE MATERIALS
21, 23-24
This article takes a look at the market
for bauxite materials. According to the
US Geological Survey, world output of
bauxite reached 200m/t in 2011, the
majority being used in the production
of smelter grade alumina, itself used in
the manufacture of aluminium.
Smaller amounts (about 10M/t) of this
served the niche non-metallurgical
sector, which comprises applications
such as abrasives, chemicals, calcium
aluminate cement, refractories, and
others.
R 759
CONSOLIDATION CONTINUES TO
RESHAPE THE REFRACTORIES
INDUSTRY
26-27
This article takes a look at recent
consolidations taking place within the
global refractories sector.
SPECIAL GLASS
S 3774
CHEMICAL STABILITY OF ZnONa2O-SO3-P2O5 GLASSES
S SIROTKIN ET AL
UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGENNUREMBERG, GERMANY
This paper reports on chemical
stability and corrosion behaviour of
highly depolymerised sulfophosphate
glasses from the system ZnO-Na2OSO3-P2O5 in aqueous solution,
providing data on weight loss, ion
release rates, and modifications of
surface topology as a function of time,
temperature and pH value.
Observations seem consistent with the
previously developed structural model
of chemical heterogeneity, where
cations Na+ and Zn2+ cluster
selectively in the vicinity of sulfate and
phosphate anions, respectively.
Page 85 of 116
S 3775
PHOTOINDUCED FLUIDITY AND
VISCOELASTICITY IN
CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES
Y GUEGUEN ET AL
UNIVERSITY OF RENNES, FRANCE
This work is an attempt to apply
conventional mechanical testing to to
characterise the photoinduced
viscoelastic behaviour of chalcogenide
glasses. Creep or relaxation-recovery
experiments are usually performed to
characterise the delayed elastic
contribution to deformation, during
thermally activated flow. In this article,
relaxation-recovery is used to
characterise delayed elasticity under
irradiation condition and to investigate
the influence of the photon irradiation
on the viscoelastic behaviour. It is
showed that thermally activated
processes and photoinduced ones are
decoupled. The viscoplastic
deformation under irradiation is the
sum of thermally activated and
photoinduced processes. As soon as
the irradiation ceases, chalcogenide
glasses behave exactly as if they had
never been irradiated. The
photoinduced viscoelastic behaviour
seems to be solely due to transient
photoinduced structural defects.
S 3776
GLASS FRACTURE PATTERNS AND
THE(G,R) vs DELTA C DIAGRAM
R C BRADT
UNIVERSITY ALABAMA, USA
J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 8 MARCH
2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2
012.01.067
The crack patterns of glass which form
when a propagating crack intersects a
free surface are considered in terms of
the (G,R) vs DELTA C universal
energy diagram for crack growth after
Broek (1974). After briefly reviewing its
derivation, the diagram is applied to
glass fracture and the bifurcation of
cracks in glass. The concepts are then
extended to address the formation of
the mirror/mist boundary on glass
fracture surfaces. Features of the
(G,R) vs DELTA C diagram and the KI
- V diagram after Richter (2002) are
combined to estimate the kinetic
energy associated with a crack in soda
lime silica glass at its terminal velocity.
The kinetic energy is ~ 70% of the
total energy requirement for crack
growth. Implications regarding other
glass fractures, such as the absence
of the mirror/mist boundary for nanowhiskers, are also discussed. The
(G,R) vs DELTA C approach appears
to have far reaching applications in
describing glass fractures.
S 3777
CLUSTER FORMATION OF SILICA
PARTICLES IN GLASS BATCHES
DURING MELTING
M J SCHWEIGER ET AL
PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS, USA
J NON CRYST SOLIDS 356 25-27
2010 1359-1367
This study describes the incorporation
of solid silica into molten glass during
glass-batch melting as a function of
the grain size in the range from 5275um. Whereas tiny grains formed a
bubbly melt, very large grains formed
slowly dissolving clusters. Silica
grains are forced to clusters by rising
bubbles. The impact of the silica grain
size on the glass-forming melt
viscosity, overall density, thermal
conductivity, and compositional
homogeneity, as well as the
consequences of these effects on
glass processing in melting furnaces,
is discussed. A high-alumina
borosilicate glass for nuclear waste
vitrification was chosen for the study,
but the authors believe that the
observed behaviours also occur in the
melting of commercial batches.
Page 86 of 116
S 3778
PLASTIC CONTAINERS AND THE
WHOLE-BLOOD CLOTTING TEST:
GLASS REMAINS THE BEST
OPTION
R STONE ET AL
CAIMS BASE HOSPITAL,
QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
TRANS ROYAL SOC TROPICAL
MEDICINE & HYGIENE 100 12 2006
1168-1172
This is the first study to identify normal
whole-blood clotting times in various
plastic containers and to identify the
effect of the addition of various
concentrations of Pseudechis australis
(Mulga snake) venom on the clotting
time in glass and plastic.
Polycarbonate was identified as a
potential alternative to glass as a
testing container owing to a wholeblood clotting time within acceptable
limits for a beside test (mean 29.5 min)
and equivalent performance to glass in
the presence of Pseudechis australis
venom. Other plastic containers (such
as polypropylene and polyethylene)
were found to be unsuitable owing to
very prolonged clotting times (>60
min) or impaired performance in the
presence of venom. Overall, owing to
the variation between the performance
of different plastics and the difficulty in
differentiating between them, plastic
containers cannot be recommended
as an alternative to glass when
performing the whole-blood clotting
test for envenomed patients.
S 3779
IDENTIFICATION OF HEMATITE
PARTICLES IN SEALED GLASS
CONTAINERS FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL USES BY
RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY
E CAUDRON ET AL
UNIVERSITY PARIS-SUD, FRANCE
J PHARMA AND BIOMEDICAL
ANALYSIS 54 4 MARCH 2011 866868
Raman microspectroscopy has been
shown to enable the identification of
micro-particles inside sealed glass
containers for pharmaceutical use
without any sample preparation.
Raman spectra were collected from
unknown particles with a maximum
size of 1mm, adsorbed on the inner
surface of ampoules. The particles
were clearly identified as primarily
hematite with traces of magnetite by
their characteristic Raman spectral
bands. The presence of this deposit
was attributed to the projection of iron
oxides during the manufacturing
process. These oxide particles were
not detected by the quality control
process of the glass manufacturer,
showing that in-process quality
controls failed to detect this problem.
Particle identification by Raman
microspectroscopy appears to be a
selective, rapid and reliable analytical
procedure for quality control and
assurance in the pharmaceutical
industry. Identification of the particles
was also helpful for evaluating the
nature of the contaminant and enables
consequences for the toxicological
aspects of final product quality to be
managed.
S 3780
SANDIA RESEARCH TO FORECAST
SOLAR PLANT OUTPUT
Sandia National Lab researchers are
testing a new system that may
ultimately provide a way for utility
companies to predict and prepare for
fluctuations in solar power output
caused by changes in weather. The
idea is that by observing cloud shape,
size and movement, the system can
monitor and predict how clouds will
affect large-scale photovoltaic power
plants and thereby allow utility
systems to respond appropriately.
The impacts of clouds on small PV
arrays are well documented, but there
is little research on how large-scale
arrays interact and function under
cloud cover. A small system can be
completely covered by a cloud, which
drastically reduces its power output,
but what's less well understood is what
happens when only part of a large
system is covered by a moving cloud
shadow, while the rest stays in
sunlight.
Page 87 of 116
S 3781
ADVANCES IN NANOMATERIALS SILICON NANOMESH
DEMONSTRATED AS THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY BARRIER FOR
IMPROVING THERMOELECTRICS
AM CERAM SOC BULL 89 9 15
Thermoelectric materials have great
promise - if they can be made
relatively simply and with inexpensive,
safe materials. Just imagine the
endless list of applications where
waste heat energy could be converted
to electrical energy. One problem,
however, is that when the thermal
conductivity of a material increases, its
electrical conductivity tends to
decrease. This lack of independence
becomes a major problem when
scientists and engineers are trying to
develop more efficient thermoelectric
devices.
S 3782
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF
ZIRCONIUM OXIDE HYBRID
MATERIALS
P R MILLER ET AL
AM CERAM SOC BULL 90 7 24-29
In this review the authors consider the
use of zirconium oxide hybrid
materials in tissue-engineering
scaffolds, microscale valves,
microfluidic devices, drug-screening
devices, drug delivery devices, bone
prostheses and other medial devices.
Along these lines, also presented is a
novel approach for processing
zirconium oxide hybrid materials via
two-photon polymerization.
S 3783
SOLAR FIBER-OPTIC MINI-DISH
CONCENTRATORS: FIRST
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND
FIELD EXPERIENCE
D FEUERMANN ET AL
BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF
NEGEV, ISRAEL
SOLAR ENERGY 72 6 2002 459-472
The experimental realisation and field
experience of a recently proposed
solar fiber-optic mini-dish concentrator
are reported. The prototype is 20mm
in diameter. We have repeatably
transposed concentrated sunlight in a
one-millimeter diameter optical fiber
and measured flux levels of 11-12
kilosuns at a remote target (up to 20m
away). The prototype - assembled
from off-the-shelf parts and
customised items that rely solely upon
existing commercial technologies proved impervious to dust penetration
and condensation. For the particular
application of solar surgery, dielectric
second stage concentrators were
designed and fibre tips were sculpted
to boost flux concentration by a factor
of 2-4, for light extraction into air and
tissue, respectively. The findings
strengthen the feasibility of the
efficient and complete de-coupling of
the collection and remote delivery of
highly concentrated solar radiation.
S 3784
RADIATION PERFORMANCE OF
DISH SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR/CAVITY
RECIEVER SYSTEMS
Y SHUAI ET AL
SOLAR ENERGY 82 1 2008 13 21
The Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method is
applied and coupled with optical
properties to predict radiation
performance of dish
solarconcentrator/cavity receiver
systems. The effects of sunshape and
surface slope error have been studied
and the corresponding probability
models are introduced in this paper.
Taking into account the abovementioned factors, we show that the
directional features of the focal flux
affect the radiation flux distribution of
cavity receiver, present criteria for the
characterization of directional
attributes, and describe a method for
their calculation. Based on the concept
of equivalent radiation flux, an upsidedown pear cavity receiver is proposed
in view of directional attributes of focal
flux. Receiver design and modelling
guidelines are presented. The
uniformity performance of the wall flux
is compared with five traditional
geometries.
Page 88 of 116
S 3785
HELIOS MODEL FOR THE OPTICAL
BEHAVIOUR OF REFLECTING
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
F BIGGS & C N VITTITOE
SANDIA NATIONAL LABS, USA
TECHNICAL REPORT No: SAND-760347 1979
The Helios model simulates the optical
behavior of reflecting concentrators.
The model follows the incident solar
radiation through the system (including
the atmosphere) and includes all the
factors that influence the optical
performance of a collector. An
important output is the flux-density
pattern (W/cm/sup 2/) at a grid of
points on a surface such as the
absorbing surface of a receiver and its
integral (power in watts) over the
surface. The angular distribution of
sunrays for the radiation incident on a
concentrator is modified by
convolution, using the fast Fourier
transform, to incorporate the effects of
other nondeterministic factors such as
sun-tracking errors, surface slope
errors, and reflectance properties. The
analytical methods used for the
statistics, the off-axis reflecting optics,
the atmospheric effects, and the
various coordinate systems are
described and illustrated. This model
forms a basis for the simulation code
HELIOS as well as for other codes
under development. Some of the
HELIOS routines are described, a few
of its capabilities are discussed and
illustrated, and comparisons of data
with calculations are presented. These
capabilities have been used for
performance predictions, safety
studies, design trade-offs, data
analysis problems, the specification
and analysis of concentrator quality,
and for the general understanding of
solar-concentrator technology.
S 3786
A LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR WITH 7.1%
POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
L H SLOOFF ET AL
PHYS STATUS SOLIDI RRL 2:
257 259 - DOI:
10.1002/pssr.200802186
The Luminescent Solar Concentrator
(LSC) consists of a transparent
polymer plate, containing luminescent
particles. Solar cells are connected to
one or more edges of the polymer
plate. Incident light is absorbed by the
luminescent particles and re-emitted.
Part of the light emitted by the
luminescent particles is guided
towards the solar cells by total internal
reflection. Since the edge area is
smaller than the receiving one, this
allows for concentration of sunlight
without the need for solar tracking.
External Quantum Efficiency (EQE)
and current voltage (I V)
measurements were performed on
LSC devices with multicrystalline
silicon (mc-Si) or GaAs cells attached
to the sides. The best result was
obtained for an LSC with four GaAs
cells. The power conversion efficiency
of this device, as measured at
European Solar Test Installation
laboratories, was 7.1% (geometrical
concentration of a factor 2.5). With one
GaAs cell attached to one edge only,
the power efficiency was still as high
as 4.6% (geometrical concentration of
a factor 10). To our knowledge these
efficiencies are among the highest
reported for the LSC.
S 3787
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR/CAVITY
RECEIVER SYSTEMS
J A HARRIS & T G LENZ
SOLAR ENERGY 34 2 1985 135-142
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(85)90170-7
Volume 34, Issue 2, 1985, Pages
135 142
To utilize solar energy at a high
temperature, a parabolic dish/cavity
receiver configuration is often used.
The energy loss mechanisms of such
Page 89 of 116
a system are analyzed. System
efficiency is defined as the power
absorbed by the working fluid
circulating in the cavity divided by the
solar power falling on the concentrator
aperture. Power profiles produced in
cavities of varying geometry with
concentrators of varying rim angle are
also discussed. It is found that varying
concentrator rim angle and cavity
geometry can greatly affect the cavity
power profile without a large effect on
system efficiency. Cavity isothermality
often requires a nonlinear power
profile , particularly in a
thermochemical system. The
methodology described can be used to
optimize concentrator/cavity design
variables.
S 3788
OPTIMISED EXCITATION ENERGY
TRANSFER IN A THREE-DYE
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR
S T BAILEY ET AL
SOLAR ENERGY MAT & SOLAR
CELLS 91 1 2007 67 75
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006
.07.011
The spectral range of sunlight
absorbed by a luminescent
solarconcentrator (LSC) is increased
by using multiple dyes. Absorption,
fluorescence, and fluorescence
excitation spectra, and relative light
output are reported for LSCs made
with one, two, or three BODIPY dyes
in a thin polymer layer on glass.
Losses caused by multiple emission
and reabsorption events are minimized
by optimizing resonance excitation
energy transfer between dyes.
Increases in the outputs from the
multiple-dye LSCs are directly
proportional to increases in the
number of photons absorbed. The
output of the three-dye LSC is
45 170% higher than those of the
single-dye LSCs.
S 3789
A 31%-EFFICIENT GaAs/SILICON
MECHANICALLY STACKED, MULTIINJECTION CONCENTRATOR
SOLAR CELL
IEEE 20th PHOTOVOLTAIC
SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE1988
doi: 10.1109/PVSC.1988.105803
The development and demonstration
of the first solar cell to achieve an
efficiency in excess of 30% are
reported. The improved performance
compared to previous GaAs/silicon
mechanically stacked, multijunction
(MSMJ) concentrator cells is due to
improvements in the component cell
technologies and to better optimization
of the GaAs cell transmissivity.
Preliminary analysis suggests that an
efficiency approaching 35% is possible
with GaAs-based MSMJ cells.
S 3790
CARRIER LIFETIME IN
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR CELLS BY THE
SMALL-SIGNAL OPEN-CIRCUIT
DECAY METHOD
A R MOORE
RCA REVIEW 41 DEC 1980 549-562
SMITHSONIAN-NASA
ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM
The conventional open circuit voltage
decay method of lifetime determination
in junction structures has been
modified by the addition of dc bias.
This converts the decay from linear to
exponential in time. Ambiguity in the
junction boundary condition no longer
influences the result. Application to
concentrator solar cells operating over
a wide range of solar intensity is
discussed.
S 3791
QUANTUM DOT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR BEHAVIOUR,
PREDICTED USING A RAY TRACE
APPROACH
S J GALLAGHER ET AL
INT J AMBIENT ENERGY 25 1 2004
47-56
DOI:10.1080/01430750.2004.9674937
Using a three-dimensional raytrace
technique, a model to optimise the
Page 90 of 116
design of Quantum Dot Solar
Concentrators for photovoltaic
applications has been developed. The
model includes reflection, refraction
and absorption of solar radiation
allowing the prediction of the optical
efficiency. The optical efficiency is
defined as the energy emitted from the
selected edge or edges divided by the
solar energy incident on the material.
Using the model, a parametric analysis
was performed and the optical
properties of a selected system
optimised. Details of the model and
predictions of concentrator efficiency
and ray path lengths for a range of
quantum dot seeding levels are
shown. The effects of path length on
energy absorbed in the carrier material
and that reaching the photovoltaic
material are presented.
S 3792
DEVELOPMENT OF TERRESTRIAL
CONCENTRATOR MODULES USING
HIGH-EFFICIENCY MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS
M J O'NEILL
ENTECH INC, USA
29th IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC
SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002
1369-72 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190863
For over two years, ENTECH has
been developing terrestrial
concentrator modules using highefficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar
cells. By utilizing MJ cells with colormixing Fresnel lens optics produced
by 3M, module efficiency levels of
approximately 30% can be realized.
Such high efficiency levels provide
excellent economic leverage on all
area-related costs (lenses, structures,
land, etc.) of concentrator systems.
ENTECH's new modules build upon a
successful heritage of concentrator
modules and systems developed over
the past two decades. This paper
summarizes progress on the
development of the new concentrator
module, including outdoor
measurements on mini-concentrator
modules employing color-mixing
lenses and MJ cells. A recently tested
mini-concentrator module has
achieved over 30% net operational
efficiency, which is believed to be the
first time the 30% barrier has been
broken for any solar technology.
S 3793
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FLUX
DISTRIBUTIONS USING BACKWARD
RAY TRACING
J C DALY
APPL OPTICS 18 ISSUE 15 1979
2696-2699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.00269
6
Flux distributions produced by
parabolic and circular cylinder solar
concentrators subject to surface slope
errors and defocusing are determined.
The technique developed traces a set
of rays from a point on the absorber
back through the concentrator optics
to the sun. The solar flux at the
absorber point is the sum of the flux
associated with each ray. Various
models of the solar disk are introduced
by weighting the flux associated with
each ray as a function of where it
strikes the solar disk.
S 3794
QUANTUM DOT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR: DEVICE
OPTIMISATION USING
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
S J GALLAGHER ET AL
SOLAR ENERGY 81 4 2007 540-547
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.200
6.07.006
The quantum dot solar concentrator
(QDSC) is a novel non-tracking
solarconcentrator comprising quantum
dots (QDs) seeded in materials such
as plastics and glasses, that
concentrates both direct and diffuse
solar energy on attached photovoltaic
cells. Spectroscopic measurements
have been undertaken for a range of
different quantum dot (QD) types and
transparent host materials. High
transparency in the matrix material
and QDs with high quantum efficiency
are essential for an efficient QDSC. An
optimum matrix material for a QDSC
has been determined based on
absorption characteristics and an
Page 91 of 116
optimum commercially available QD
type has been chosen using steadystate absorption, photoluminescence
and photoluminescence excitation
spectroscopy of QDs in solution and
solid matrices.
S 3795
COMPARATIVE ASSESSEMENT OF
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
MATERIALS
T FEND
SOLAR ENERGY 74 2 2003 149-155
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038092X(03)00116-6
This paper reports results from longterm durability tests of reflector
materials to be used for solar
concentrating systems. The studies
have been conducted under the
auspices of an IEA SolarPACES
collaboration between the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL,
USA), the Centro de Investigaciones
Energeticas, Medioambientales y
Tecnologicas (CIEMAT, Spain) and
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und
Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany). In this cooperative effort, accelerated ageing
tests as well as outdoor exposures at
a number of test sites having various
climatic conditions have been carried
out since 1995. In addition to materials
already in use at solar power stations,
newer materials offering the chance of
a significant cost reduction in solar
electricity and process heat generation
are being investigated. Comparative
optical tests are carried out to assess
the efficiency as a function of
exposure/service time in a
solarconcentrator. Among the
materials showing promise for longterm outdoor applications are various
silvered glass mirrors, a silvered
polymer film, and an anodized sheet
aluminium having an additional
protective polymer coating. In addition
to durability tests of reflector material
samples, practical results are also
reported for experiences with field
applications of silvered thin glass and
anodized sheet aluminium mirrors.
S 3796
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF
LINEAR FRESNEL REFLECTING
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH
TRAPEZOIDAL CAVITY
ABSORBERS
P L SINGH ET AL
APPLIED ENERGY 87, 2 2010 541550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.20
09.08.019
Thermal performance of the four
identical trapezoidal cavity absorbers
for linear Fresnel reflecting solar
device were studied and compared.
The absorbers were designed for
operating in conjunction with a
prototype Fresnel solar reflector.
Rectangular and round pipe sections
were used as absorber by placing in
the trapezoidal cavity. The absorber
pipes were coated with ordinary dull
black board paint and black nickel
selective surface. The bottom of the
cavity was provided with plane glass to
allow the solar radiation to be reflected
from the Fresnel reflector. The other
three sides of the cavity absorber were
insulated to reduce heat loss. Thermal
performance of the Fresnel reflecting
concentrator with each trapezoidal
cavity absorber was studied
experimentally at different
concentration ratio of the reflector. The
study revealed that the thermal
efficiency was influenced by the
concentration ratio and selective
surface coating on the absorber. The
thermal efficiency decreased with the
increase in the concentration ratio of
the Fresnel reflecting collector. The
selective surface coated absorber had
a significant advantage in terms of
superior thermal performance as
compared to ordinary black painted
absorber. The round pipe (multi-tube)
receiver had higher surface area to
absorb solar energy as compared to
rectangular pipe receiver. Thermal
efficiency of the solar device with
round pipe absorber was found higher
(up to 8%) as compared to rectangular
pipe absorber.
Page 92 of 116
S 3797
OPTICS OF A TWO-TROUGH
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
J L RICHTER
SOLAR ENERGY 56 2 1996 191 198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(95)00091-5
A linear focusing solarconcentrator is
described that uses two reflecting
troughs, one is a large, stationary
hemi-cylinder and the other is small
and tracks the sun. The small reflector
weighs less than a parabolic trough
with the same concentrator aperture
therefore diurnal steering is more
feasible. Energy is carried to the job by
solar heated fluid in a pipe at focus in
the secondary reflector assembly.
Theory is presented and comparisons
are given for east-west and northsouth oriented parabolic and twotrough collectors. In the ideal world,
the parabolic outperforms the twotrough collector however in the real
world, the simplifications due to the
immobile, hemi-cylinder, large reflector
may outweigh its disadvantages.
S 3799
LIGHTWEIGHT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR DEVELOPMENT
R GILLETTE ET AL
BOEING AEROSPACE
SOLAR ENERGY 5 1 JAN-MARCH
1961 24 28
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(61)90031-7
The objective of the present research
program is to develop a lightweight
solar concentrator that will provide
sufficient solar energy for space
vehicle power conversion equipment.
Solutions to processing problems such
as tooling and parting of the
lightweight replica mirror are
discussed. Solar test data are
furnished for performance evaluation.
It was found that a 36 inch diameter
mirror weighing 2.9 lb (.410 psf) has
the capability of providing sufficient
energy for a 15 watt thermionic
generator. These developments
demonstrate feasibility of supplying
highly concentrated solar heat with
lightweight concentrators.
S 3798
ANALYSIS OF A CONICAL SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR
M H COBBLE
UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, USA
SOLAR ENERGY 7 2 APRIL-JUNE
1963 75 78
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(63)90007-0 Volume 7, Issue 2,
April June 1963, Pages 75 78
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(63)90007-0
The concentration that a conical mirror
can theoretically attain is developed
for two types of targets; a circular
cylindrical target and a conical target.
Under the assumption of a onedimensional sun, the optimum mirror
cone is determined for both types of
targets. At the optimum mirror cone,
the concentration, assuming a twodimensional sun, is determined, and
the optimum concentration in terms of
mirror radii is found for both types of
mirrors.
S 3800
A FRESNEL LENSE-BASED
CONCENTRATED PV SYSTEM IN A
GREENHOUSE
P J SONNEVELD ET AL
WAGENINGEN UR GREENHOUSE
HORTICULTURE, THE
NETHERLANDS
http://www.concentratingpv.org/darmstadt2009/pdf/papers/39Sonneveld-CPVGreenhouse.pdf
The scope of this investigation is the
development and testing of a new type
of greenhouse with an integrated
linear Fresnel lens, receiver module
and an innovative system for tracking
to exploit all direct radiation in a solar
energy system. The basic idea of this
horticultural application is to develop a
greenhouse for pot plants (shadow
plants) which do not like direct
radiation. Removing all direct
radiation will drastically reduce the
need for cooling under summer
conditions and the need for screens or
lime coating of the glass to reflect or
block a large part of the radiation. The
Page 93 of 116
removal of direct radiation will block up
to 81% of solar energy, which will
reduce the needed cooling capacity.
The second measure is the integration
of a solar energy system. When the
(linear) Fresnel lenses are designed
between double glass coverings and
integrated in the greenhouse, the
focused solar energy on the thermal
photovoltaic cell in the focus poine
delivers electric and thermal energy.
The TPV module mounted in the focal
point requires cooling due to the high
heat load of the concentrated
radiation. All parts are integrated in a
greenhouse structure with a size of
around 36m/sq and the electrical and
thermal yield is determined for Dutch
climates.
S 3801
CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH
- SOLAR PROJECTS
CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH
http://www.cer.unlv.edu/cer/Research/
SolarProjects/SolarAmonixSystems/ta
bid/334/Default.aspx
Based in Las Vegas, USA, the Center
for Energy Research is a focus area
for research, information exchange,
and education in energy topics. Issues
of particular interest to their
geographical region include more
general topics such as: solar energy
utilization schemes, arid regions
energy systems (e.g. dry cooling
considerations), advanced cooling
concepts (e.g. refrigeration systems
that do not use CFCs), and nuclear
waste issues are of particular
importance. On a broader application
basis, conventional power generation
systems, energy conservation devices
and systems, and environmental
control issues for energy systems are
of interest. The Center serves as a
generator and catalyst for ideas, a
stimulus for interdisciplinary
cooperation, and a facilitator for
commercialization. One of their current
projects concerns a 38.1-kW
Integrated High Concentration
Photovoltaic (IHCPV) concentrated
solar power system. This system, from
Amonix, features five modular HCPV
panels, each rated at 8 kW DC at a
direct normal irradiance of 850 W/m2.
The modular design is referred to as
Amonix's MegaModule™. A live image
of the system is to the right. (when on
their website - image updated every 30
seconds.) Most common PV systems
are stationary flat-plate "one-sun"
systems (as seen on roof-tops). "Onesun" systems are normally costly,
covered in expensive solar cells, and
rely upon the direct illumination of the
entire surface. Unlike "one-sun"
systems, "concentrator" systems use
an intermediary (e.g. Fresnel lens)
between the sun and the cell to focus
sunlight onto a small solar cell (500)
times smaller than one-sun cell area)
effectively substituting inexpensive
plastic lenses in place of expensive
silicon solar cells. The efficiency of any
solar-electric system increases if the
sun is tracked (in order to absorb the
most direct normal light), and this
system additionally performs sun
tracking. The Amonix system is an
example of a "concentrator" system. It
uses a tracking (not stationary)
concentration scheme by use of a
proprietary hydraulically-driven tracker
and by "integrating" the lens, solar cell,
and solar receiver plate into a single
unit. To view a list of current research
solar projects from the Centre for
Energy Research, please visit the
above-mentioned website.
S 3802
SOLAR LIMB DARKENING AND RAY
TRACE EVALUATION OF SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS
S NEGI ET AL
APPL OPTICS 24 2 1985 296-298
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.00029
6
A comparison of different correlations
commonly used to describe the limb
darkening effect is made. A somewhat
new correlation is proposed which
predicts the values to within ±1.5% of
the experimental values. Using a
conventional ray trace technique and
assigning proper weight factors to
each ray, the distribution of the local
concentration ratio over a flat absorber
Page 94 of 116
placed in the focal plane of a
cylindrical parabolic trough is also
determined.
S 3803
GRADED-INDEX FRESNEL LENSES
FOR INTEGRATED OPTICS T.
SUHARA ET AL APPLIED OPTICS
21 11 1982 1966-1971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.00
Fresnel waveguide lenses having a
graded-index (GRIN) distribution for
the segmented quadratic phase
modulation are demonstrated. The
GRIN Fresnel lenses exhibit excellent
focusing characteristics and a very
high efficiency, both limited only by
diffraction. Graded-index Fresnel
lenses (F/5, 1-mm aperture) were
fabricated for the first time in
amorphous As2S3 film waveguides on
a thermally oxidized silicon substrate
by the electron-beam direct writing
technique. The nearly diffractionlimited focusing characteristics and a
high efficiency (48%) were
experimentally obtained. The
theoretical analysis and fabrication
process are presented, and
experimental results are discussed on
the focusing characteristics of the
fabricated GRIN Fresnel waveguide
lens.
S 3804
INTEGRATED HIGH-POWER
ELECTRO-OPTIC LENS AND
LARGE-ANGLE DEFLECTOR
Applied Optics, Vol. 40, Issue 31, pp.
5638-5642 (2001)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.40.00563
8
We present a theoretical discussion
and experimental demonstration of
what to our knowledge is a novel
integrated electro-optic lens and beam
deflector fabricated in lithium tantalate.
The cylindrical lens collimates
Gaussian beams as small as 4 µm in
diameter, whereas the independently
controlled deflector is capable of
scanning the collimated beam through
an angular range of nearly 20°.
S 3805
CONCENTRATION OF SOLAR
RADIATION BY WHITE BACKED
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS G
SMESTAD & P HAMILL
APPLIED OPTICS 23 23 1984 43944402
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.00439
4
In this paper, we present an analysis
of the concentration achieved by white
backed photovoltaic panels.
Concentration is due to the trapping by
light scattered in the refractive plate to
which the solar cell is bonded. Using
the reciprocity relation and assuming
the ideal case of a Lambertian
distribution, a detailed model is
formulated that includes the effects of
the thickness and walls of the
concentrator. This model converges to
the thermodynamic limit and is found
to be consistent with experimental
results for a wide range of cell sizes.
Finally, the model is generalized to
multiple-cell photovoltaic panels.
S 3806
MONITORING OF CONCENTRATED
RADIATION BEAM FOR
PHOTOVOLTAIC AND THERMAL
SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION
APPLICATIONS
A PARETTA ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 45 30 2006 78857897
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.00788
5
Methods for evaluating the light
intensity distribution on receivers of
concentrated solar radiation systems
are described. They are based on the
use of Lambertian diffusers in place of
the illuminated receiver and on the
acquisition of the scattered light, in
reflection or transmission mode, by a
CCD camera. The spatial distribution
of intensity radiation is then
numerically derived from the recorded
images via a proprietary code. The
details of the method are presented
and a short survey of the main
applications of the method in the
photovoltaic and thermal solar energy
conversion field is proposed. Methods
Page 95 of 116
for investigating the Lambertian
character of commercial diffusers are
also discussed.
S 3807
PROCESS OF EXCITATION AND
DEACTIVATION OF EXCITATION
ENERGY IN ORGANIC
WAVELENGTH TRANSFORMERS
COOPERATING WITH SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
T WASNIEWSKI
APPLIED OPTICS 31 12 1992 21362167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.00216
3
The measurements of maximal power
increase of silicon photovoltaic cells
coated with polymethyl methacrylate
foil containing Rhodamine-6G were
carried out. The photoelements were
irradiated from the solar radiation
simulator. Two different amplification
values were obtained: ~ 20% and
50%. An equation that describes the
change of photoluminescence intensity
as a function of fluorescent molecules
and that takes into account the
reabsorption and secondary
fluorescence is derived. The
expression obtained is compared with
the results of photoluminescence
measurements for Rhodamine-6G and
2,5-bis[5 -tert-butylbenzoxazol-(2')]thiopen; good agreement is evident.
S 3808
PROCESSES OF EXCITATION AND
DEACTIVATION OF EXCITATION
ENERGY IN ORGANIC
WAVELENGTH TRANSFORMERS
COOPERATING WITH SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
T WASNIEWSKI
APPLIED OPTICS 31 12 1992 21632167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.00216
3
The measurements of maximal power
increase of silicon photovoltaic cells
coated with polymethyl methacrylate
foil containing Rhodamine-6G were
carried out. The photoelements were
irradiated from the solar radiation
simulator. Two different amplification
values were obtained: ~ 20% and
50%. An equation that describes the
change of photoluminescence intensity
as a function of fluorescent molecules
and that takes into account the
reabsorption and secondary
fluorescence is derived. The
expression obtained is compared with
the results of photoluminescence
measurements for Rhodamine-6G and
2,5-bis[5 -tert-butylbenzoxazol-(2')]thiopen; good agreement is evident.
S 3809
COMPARISON OF FRESNEL
LENSES AND PARABOLIC
MIRRORS AS SOLAR ENERGY
CONCENTRATORS
E LORENZO & A LUQUE
APPLIED OPTICS 21 10 1982 18511853
This paper compares the gain that can
be achieved with a one- or two-stage
concentrator, when the first stage is a
Fresnel lens or a parabolic mirror, as a
function of the luminosity of the
concentrator. The results show that
the achievable gain using a parabolic
mirror is greater than that obtained
using a flat or roof lens but is lower
than that obtained using a curved lens.
S 3810
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS USING
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
G LIFANTE ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 22 24 1983 39663970
A study is presented of solar
concentrators based on total internal
reflections. The concentrators are
placed over photovoltaic cells.
Experimental data obtained with
different encapsulating materials and
dependence on geometrical and
physical variables are given. A
theoretical model which includes the
losses in the encapsulating material is
proposed, giving good agreement with
the experimental data. Gain factors as
high as 30% have been obtained with
these concentrators. The additional
effect of organic dyes on absorption
Page 96 of 116
bands in the 350 360-nm range is also
studied.
S 3811
PHOTON-TRANSPORT
PROPERTIES OF LUMINESCENT
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS:
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION
J RONCALI & F GARNIER
APPLIED OPTICS 23 16 1984 28092817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.00280
9
The principle of a luminescent solar
concentrator is analyzed with an
emphasis on the photon-transport
yield. A mathematical model is
developed, which takes into account
the loss factors related to the photon
transport in the LSC matrix. The
relations obtained show that whereas
the optical efficiency is still a
decreasing factor with the LSC size,
the concentration ratio can be
optimized with regard to the geometry,
the input surface, and the thickness of
the LSC. The experimental analysis,
carried out on two types of fluorescent
PMMA, confirms the effects of these
geometrical parameters on the LSC
performances. A concentration ratio of
22 has been obtained experimentally
with monochromatic irradiation, and a
flux gain of 9.5 has also been
determined in real conditions.
S 3812
CONDITIONS FOR ACHIEVING
IDEAL AND LAMBERTIAN
SYMMETRICAL SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS
A LUQUE & E LORENZO
APPLIED OPTICS 21 20 1982 37363758
In this paper we are concerned with
symmetrical bidimensional
concentrators, and we prove that for a
given source s angular extension a
curve exists that divides the plane into
two regions. No ideal concentrator can
be found with its edges on the outer
region and no Lambertian concentrator
can be found with its edges on the
inner region. A consequence of this
theorem is that a concentrator is
forced to cast some of the incident
energy outside the collector to ensure
its obtaining the maximum power.
S 3813
GEOMETRICAL OPTICAL
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF
SOME SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
R K MAZUMDER ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 25 23 1986 43704373
The concentration characteristics of
mirror profiles composed of small
plane mirror elements have been
studied for seasonally adjusted solar
concentrators with different absorbers:
flat horizontal, flat vertical, triangular
cross section, and tubular. The
distributions of local concentration
ratio over these absorbers have been
investigated using a ray tracing
procedure.
S 3814
OUTDOOR EVALUATION OF
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR PROTOTYPES
M SIDRACH DE CARDONA ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 24 13 1985 20282032
In this paper we present an outdoor
evaluation of luminescent solar
concentrators (LSC) throughout the
whole day with different weather
conditions. An electric gain of Gp =
25% was obtained with a LSC of
PMMA doped with KF-241 dye. These
results are compared with those
previously reported.
S 3815
EFFICIENCY OF LUMINESCENCE IN
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS
A LEMPICKI
APPLIED OPTICS 22 8 1983 11601164
The power efficiency of luminescence
excited by solar radiation in
luminescent solar collectors is
Page 97 of 116
calculated for a glass sheet doped with
Cr3+. The achievable chemical
potential for an optically thick absorber
irradiated by diluted blackbody
radiation as a function of Cr3+
concentration, sheet thickness,
sunlight dilution, and luminescence
quantum yield leads directly to overall
conversion efficiency of solar power to
luminescence power.
S 3816
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS: EFFECTS OF
SHAPE ON EFFICIENCY
E LOH & D J SCALAPINO
APPLIED OPTICS 25 12 1986 19011907
The effects of shape and photovoltaic
cell placement on efficiency are
studied for luminescent solar
concentrators. The mean path length
of light rays is found to be a poor
measure of performance. Simple
arguments based on a method of
images show that the efficiency grows
linearly with detector size h, saturating
at h pA/?, where A is the captation
area of the collector, and ? is the
attenuation length of radiation in the
medium. Monte Carlo simulations
confirm that efficiency is relatively
independent of collector geometry.
S 3817
CONTACTLESS EFFICIENT TWOSTAGE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
FOR TUBULAR ABSORBER
P BENITEZ ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 36 28 1998 71197124
The design of a new type of two-mirror
solar concentrator for a tubular
receiver, the XX concentrator, is
presented. The main feature of the XX
is that it has a sizable gap between the
secondary mirror and the absorber
and it still achieves concentrations
close to the thermodynamic limit with
high collection efficiencies. This
characteristic makes the XX unique
and, contrary to current two-stage
designs, allows for the location of the
secondary outside the evacuated tube.
One of the XX concentrators
presented achieves an average flux
concentration within ±0.73 deg of
91.1% of the thermodynamic limit with
a collection efficiency of 96.8% (i.e.,
3.2% of the rays incident on the
primary mirror within ±0.73 deg are
rejected). Another XX design is 92.5%
efficient and receives 95.1% of the
maximum concentration. These values
are the highest reported for practical
concentrators, to our knowledge. The
gap between the absorber and the
secondary mirror is 6.8 and 10.5 times
the absorber radius for each
concentrator. Moreover the rim angle
of the primary mirror is 98.8 and 104.4
deg in each case, which is of interest
for the collector s good mechanical
stability.
S 3817
MEASURED SURFACE LOSS FROM
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR WAVEGUIDES
M G DEBIJE ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 47 36 2008 67636768
The surface and edge emissions from
dye-filled and dye-topped
polycarbonate and polymethyl
methacrylate luminescent solar
concentrators were measured. We
demonstrate that about 40 50% of the
absorbed light energy (and 50 70% of
the photons) is lost through the top
and bottom surfaces of the filled
waveguide. In most cases the escape
cone losses are greater at the top than
the bottom surface.
S 3818
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH A
CIRCULAR PRISM ARRAY
J HUANG ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 49 23 2010 44724478
We present a novel idea to construct a
solar concentrator with a circular prism
array. FRED ray tracing software is
used to evaluate our proposed
structure in which the incident light
Page 98 of 116
rays are deflected by total internal
reflection and the optical energy is
concentrated and collected at the
center. The light rays to be collected
travel within the disk once they enter
the module, saving the space that is
reserved for ray propagation in other
concentrators. Simulations for both
single-wavelength and broadband light
are performed. Our device can be
used alone or serve as a secondary
concentrator when combined with
another solar-energy focusing module.
For the proposed concentrator, an
optical efficiency of 90% (single
wavelength, 0.87µm ) is achieved
under normal incidence and with
antireflection coating, and a high
geometric concentration ratio of 93 is
reached. When combined with a
Fresnel lens, which is used as a
primary concentrator, the overall
efficiency and concentration ratio can
reach 92% (single wavelength,
0.87µm) and 837, respectively.
S 3819
CHARACTERIZATION AND
REDUCTION OF REABSORPTION
LOSSES IN LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS
L R WILSON ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 49 9 2010 16511661
The effects of excitation wavelength
on the optical properties (emission
spectrum and quantum yield) of a
luminescent solar concentrator (LSC)
containing a fluorescent organic dye
(Lumogen F Rot 305) are studied.
Excitation at wavelengths on the longwavelength edge of the absorption
spectrum of the dye results in
redshifted emission, but the quantum
yield remains constant at 100%. The
origin of this effect and its
consequences are discussed. The
extent of the long-wavelength tail of
the absorption spectrum of the dye is
determined and the importance in
reabsorption losses is shown. The
optical efficiencies and photon
transport probabilities of LSCs
containing either an organic dye or a
rare-earth lanthanide complex are
compared using ray-tracing
simulations and experiment. The
optical efficiency is shown to depend
strongly on the Stokes shift of the
fluorophore. The lanthanide complex,
which has a very large Stokes shift,
exhibits a higher optical efficiency than
the dye (64% cf. 50%), despite its
lower quantum yield (86% cf. 100%).
S 3820
LUMINESCENT SOLAR
CONCENTRATORS. 2:
EXPERIMENTAL AND
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THEIR
POSSIBLE EFFICIENCIES
J S BATCHELDER ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 20 21 1981 37333754
Experimental techniques are
developed to determine the
applicability of a particular luminescing
center for use in a luminescent solar
concentrator (LSC). The relevant
steady-state characteristics of
eighteen common organic laser dyes
are given. The relative spectral
homogeneity of such dyes are shown
to depend upon the surrounding
material using narrowband laser
excitation. We developed three
independent techniques for measuring
self-absorption rates; these are timeresolved emission, steady-state
polarization anisotropy, and spectral
convolution. Preliminary dye
degradation and prototype efficiency
measurements are included. Finally,
we give simple relationships relating
the efficiency and gain of an LSC to
key spectroscopic parameters of its
constituents.
Page 99 of 116
S 3821
OPTICAL DESIGNS FOR
ULTRAHIGH-FLUX INFRARED AND
SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION:
MONOLITHIC DIELECTRIC
TAILORED EDGE-RAY
CONCENTRATORS
R P FRIEDMAN & M J GORDON
APPLIED OPTICS 35 34 1996 66846691
A new class of optical designs is
developed for attaining ultrahigh flux in
infrared and solar energy
concentrators. These concentrators
are required to satisfy simultaneously
three criteria: (1) being monolithic, i.e.,
comprising a single piece of dielectric
such that no mirrored surfaces or air
spaces between concentrator
elements are introduced; (2) attaining
at least 90% of the thermodynamic
limit to concentration; and (3) being
relatively compact, e.g., aspect ratios
of the order of unity or less. Our
inventions are rooted in the recently
developed formalism of tailored edgeray concentrators.
S 3822
INFORMATION THEORY AND
SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION
R P PATERA & H S ROBERTSON
APPLIED OPTICS 19 14 1980 24032407
Information theory is applied to the
problem of solar radiation collection.
We find that the optimum solar
concentrator corresponds to a perfect
imaging system, i.e., one that images
the entire sky on the absorber with no
aberrations. For a nonisotropic
distribution of radiation at the collector
aperture, many thermally separated
absorber segments are necessary at
the absorber for optimum
performance. The heat transfer fluid is
first passed through the warm
segments and then passed
sequentially through the progressively
hotter segments.
S 3823
ACHIEVEMENT OF ULTRAHIGH
SOLAR CONCENTRATION WITH
POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENT LASER
PUMPING
P GLECKMAN
APPLIED OPTICS 27 21 1988 43854391
Measurements are reported of the
irradiance produced by a two-stage
solar concentrator designed to
approach the thermodynamic limit.
Sunlight is collected by a 40.6-cm
diam parabolic primary which forms a
0.98-cm diam image. The image is
reconcentrated by a nonimaging
refracting secondary with index n =
1.53 to a final aperture 1.27 mm in
diameter. Thus the geometrical
concentration ratio is 102, 000. The
highest irradiance value achieved was
4.4 ± 0.2 kW cm-2, or 56,000 ± 5000
suns, relative to a solar disk insolation
of 800 W m-2. This is greater than the
previous peak solar irradiance record
by nearly a factor of 3, and it is 68% of
that existing at the solar surface itself.
The efficiency with which we
concentrated 55 W of sunlight to a
small spot suggests that our two-stage
system would be an excellent
candidate for solar pumping of solid
state lasers.
S 3824
APLANATIC DOUBLE REFLECTION
SYSTEM FOR
THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC
APPLICATIONS: DESIGN
F DEMICHELIS ET AL
APPLIED OPTICS 20 24 1981 41904192
The design of a solar concentrator is
presented; it consists of a spherical
mirror and a field of Fresnel mirror
facets deployed on a spherical surface
so that sine condition is satisfied,
eliminating both spherical aberration
and coma. This particular easy to
construct optical system yields high
concentration ratios and has the
distinct advantage of having a narrow
beam aperture near the receiver.
Page 100 of 116
These design features make the
concentrator particularly suitable for
thermophotovoltaic applications.
S 3825
PENDING ISSUES IN THE
MODELING OF CONCENTRATOR
SOLAR CELLS
C ALGORA ET AL
SIMULATION STANDARD
FEBRUARY 2005
http://silvaco.com/tech_lib_TCAD/simu
lationstandard/2005/feb/feb2005_hires
.pdf
This article, published in the
Proceedings of the 19th uropean
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
Paris, 2004, presents the ability of
ATLAS-Luminous3D to simulate
heterostructure Solar Cell. The
modelling of concentrator solar cells
for real conditions of operation inside
optical concentrators is a subject
almost untreated. Consequently, this
work highlights the main specific
situations that should be included in a
realistic modelling. The results of a 2D modelling applied to the case of a
1000 sun GaAs concentrator solar cell
inside a TIR-R concentrator are
presented. The necessity of going
towards a 3-D modelling is also stated.
This task is being carried out now at
IES-UPM.
S 3826
SPECTRAL BEAM SPLITTING
TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASED
CONVERSION EFFICIENCY IN
SOLAR CONCENTRATING
SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
A G IMENES & D R MILLS
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS &
SOLAR CELLS 84 1-4 OCT/2004 1969
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004
.01.038
Solar concentrating systems that
employ one or more quantum
receivers may realize improved energy
utilization and higher electric
conversion efficiency by incorporating
spectral beam splitting technology.
Such techniques were investigated in
thermophotovoltaic conversion,
introduced in the early 1960s, and in
concentrating PV devices using cells
of different band-gap materials,
proposed as early as 1955. One major
application was found in systems
combining quantum and thermal
receivers. This article presents a
review of the various solar hybrid
beam splitting systems proposed in
the literature and the different
spectrum splitting strategies
employed.
S 3827
MOLECULAR-BASED SYNTHETIC
APPROACH TO NEW GROUP IV
MATERIALS FOR HIGHEFFICIENCY, LOW-COST SOLAR
CELLS AND Si-BASED
OPTOELECTRONICS
Y FANG ET AL
AM CERAM SOC BULL 130 47
Ge1-x-ySixSny alloys have emerged
as a new class of highly versatile IR
semiconductors offering the potential
for independent variation of band
structure and lattice dimension,
making them the first practical group
IV ternary system fully compatible with
Si CMOS processing. In this paper we
develop and apply new synthetic
protocols based on designer molecular
hydrides of Si, Ge, and Sn to
demonstrate this concept from a
synthesis perspective. Variation of the
Si/Sn ratio in the ternary leads to an
entirely new family of semiconductors
exhibiting tunable direct band gaps
(Eo) ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 eV at a
fixed lattice constant identical to that of
Ge, as required for the design of highefficiency multijunction solar cells
based on group IV/III-V hybrids. As a
proof-of-concept demonstration, we
fabricated lattice-matched
Si(100)/Ge/SiGeSn/InGaAs
architectures on low-cost Si(100)
substrates for the first time. These
exhibit the required optical, structural,
and thermal properties, thus
representing a viable starting point en
route to a complete four-junction
photovoltaic device. In the context of
Si-Ge-Sn optoelectronic applications,
we show that Ge1-x-ySixSny alloys
Page 101 of 116
serve as higher-gap barrier layers for
the formation of light emitting
structures based on Ge1-ySny
quantum wells grown on Si.
S 3828
CAMERAS CONTROL GLASS
AMPOULE PRODUCTION
In this article, Alessandro
Crescentinini, sales and spare parts
manager at OCMI/Moderne
Mecanique (Italy), presents the latest
innovation from OCMI, a camerabased control system for the
production of glass ampoules. The
OCMI Optistem/2 camera control
system is not to control and reject
defective ampoules with out-oftolerance values but to control and
correct process faults during the
production cycle and consequently, to
reduce waste glass and improve
machine efficiency.
S 3829
[USA] CORNING LAUNCHES
FLEXIBLE GLASS
8
Corning Inc has announced the launch
of Corning Willow Glass, an ultra-slim
flexible glass, aimed at revolutionising
the shape and form of next generation
consumer electronic technologies.
The glass is expected to help enable
thin, light and cost-efficient
applications including today's slim
displays and the smart surface of the
future. According to the company, the
thinness, strength and flexibility of the
glass has the potential to enable
displays to be "wrapped" around a
device or structure and can be
processed at temperatures up to 500
deg C. It will support thinner
backpanes and colour filters for both
organic light emitting diodes (OLED)
and liquid crystal displays (LCD) in
high-performance, portable devices
such as smart phones, tablets, and
notebook computers. It is also aimed
at helping to develop conformable
(curved) displays for immersive
viewing or mounting on non-flat
surfaces. "Displays become more
pervasive each day and manufacturers
strive to make both portable devices
and large displays thinner. Corning
Willow Glass provides the substrate
performance to maintain device quality
in a thin and light form factor," said Dr
Dipak Chowdhury, division VP and
Willow Glass Program Director.
S 3830
DEVELOPMENT OF A
CATHODOLUMINESCENCE
MICROSCOPE FOR REFRACTORY
ANALYSIS
RHI BULLETIN 1 2011 36-39
Cathodoluminescence (CL)
microscopy is an investigative method
that is complimentary to optical and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
whilst exploiting aspects of both
techniques. Its main area of
application is in the geological
sciences, the field in which it was
initially developed; it has seen only
limited use in the study of refractories
and technical ceramics. Although
several commercial systems are
available, their use is largely restricted
to universities and research
institutions. One reason for this is the
relatively high equipment cost, starting
around US$ 25,000 for a stage
mounted optical microscope unit,
rising to US$ 80,000 for complete
microscope systems.
S 3831
[USA] GUARDIAN - SOLAR
MIRRORS FOR WORLD's LARGEST
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT
GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 3/12
23
Guardian Industries has announced
that its EcoGuard Solar Boost mirrors
are being installed at the Ivanpah
Solar Electric Generating System
(ISEGS) in California's Mojave Desert.
The project, a partnership between
NRG Solar (a subsidiary of NRG
Energy), Google and BrightSource
Energy, will nearly double the amount
of solar thermal energy produced in
the US today. Guardian started
Page 102 of 116
supplying the first of 160,000 of its
EcoGuard mirrors to ISEG in
November 2011. "Martin Bracamonte,
VP, Science & Technology, Guardian
Flat Glass Group said: "EcoGuard
Solar Boost has been proven to
withstand the extreme conditions
found in the Mojave Desert. The
technology used in manufacturing the
glass gives it the extra edge in being a
more durable and reliable resource to
maximise capturing the sun's energy
for large-scale use." Guardian's
EcoGuard mirrors have an industryleading reflectivity. In 1978, Guardian
Industries delivered one of its first sets
of laminated flat mirrors to Sandia Nat
Labs , one of the first solar fields in the
US. At the Ivanpah solar plant,
thousands of software-controlled
mirrors track the sun in 2D and reflect
the sunlight to a boiler that sits atop a
tower. When the concentrated
sunlight strikes the boilers pipes, it
heats the water to create superheated
steam. This high-temperature steam
is then piped from the boiler to a
standard turbine where electricity is
generated.
S 3832
[GLASTON] SOLAR GLASS
SOLUTIONS PROVIDING
RELIABILITY, QUALITY AND
PRODUCTIVITY
Bavelloni is known as a reliable brand
for glass processing machinery for the
architectural, furniture and appliance
glass industries. The company has
delivered over 20,000 glass
processing machines to over 100
countries during its 65 years of
operations, and its wide production
range includes tools, cutting, edging,
bevelling, drilling and CNC machines,
available also in integrated lines.
PATENTS
CN 202176037 (U)
HUBEI HONGYI Bdg Eng Co Ltd
28 March 2012
GLASS RIB CONNECTING
CLAMP PLATE MEMBER FOR
FULL-GLASS CURTAIN WALL
The utility model relates to a glass
rib connecting clamp plate member
for a full-glass curtain wall,
belonging to the field of
architectural decoration
engineering machinery. The
connecting clamp plate member
consists of a glass rib, a connecting
clamp plate, an aluminium alloy
sleeve, a viscose packing layer, a
non-woven fabric viscose layer and
bolts. The connecting clamp plate
member is characterized in that a
connecting hole at one end of the
glass rib is internally provided with
the aluminium alloy sleeve, and the
viscose packing layer is arranged
between the aluminium alloy sleeve
and the inner wall of the connecting
hole and can effectively absorb and
release stress, therefore the
damage to glass caused by the
focusing of stress is avoided; and
the non-woven fabric viscose layer
is arranged between the
connecting clamp plate and the
glass rib so as to increase the
adhesion and the friction between
the connecting clamp plate and the
glass rib simultaneously, therefore
by the design, the connection
strength of the glass rib connecting
clamp plate member is increased,
the stability and the safety in
connection are improved, and the
service life is prolonged.
Page 103 of 116
CN 202162657 (U)
LINYI YOUNG SUNRISING
MACHINERY CO LTD
14 March 2012
GRINDING WHEEL FIXING
DEVICE FOR GLASS EDGE
GRINDING MACHINE
The utility model discloses a
grinding wheel fixing device for a
glass edge grinding machine,
which belongs to the technical field
of glass grinding machinery. The
device consists of a retaining
screw, a screw cover, a grinding
wheel seat and a positioning screw,
wherein the grinding wheel seat is
fixedly connected with an output
transmission shaft of a motor, a
grinding wheel is connected with
the grinding wheel seat by the
retaining screw, and the screw
cover is arranged between the
grinding wheel seat and the
grinding wheel. With the adoption
of the structure, compared with the
prior art, the grinding wheel fixing
device has the advantages of
simple structure, firmness and
reliability.
CN 202080683 (U)
CHANGSHA FE
PHARMACEUTICAL MACHINERY
CO LTD
21 December 2011
CONTINUOUS PASSAGE
BOTTLE WASHER
The utility model discloses a
continuous passage bottle washer,
which relates to the technical field
of pharmaceutical machinery and
comprises a bottle washing box;
frame; a bottle washing roller; more
than two guardrail sets; a nozzle
device; a bottle feed rail; a bottle
discharge rail; a front limit plate; a
rear limit plate; and a bottle feeder.
The continuous passage bottle
washer has the advantages of high
operation efficiency, small
equipment length, small occupation
area, capability of achieving
continuous bottle feeding and
discharging, and the like, and is
applicable to washing of glass
bottles, plastic bottles or other
bottles in the pharmaceutical
industry, the chemical industry, the
food and drink industry and the like.
CN 202074739 (U)
ZHIGUO LIU
14 December 2011
SHELL OF A SOLAR ENERGY
COLLECTOR
The utility model provides a shell of
a solar energy collector, which
belongs to the technical field of
machinery. The problems that the
cost of the whole solar energy
collector is increased and the solar
energy collector is not convenient
to assemble because a heatpreserving layer is arranged in the
shell of a traditional solar energy
collector are solved. The shell of
the solar energy collector
comprises a pedestal and
transparent glass, wherein the
pedestal is provided with a cavity
which is unfolded along the
transverse direction; the
transparent glass is fixed at a port
of the pedestal; a cavity between
the transparent glass and the
pedestal is used for
accommodating heat exchange
tubes; and the pedestal is of a
hollow structure and is made from
a heat-insulating material. In the
shell of the solar energy collector,
because the pedestal is of the
hollow structure, the pedestal per
se has a heat-preserving effect and
the heat-preserving layer is not
required to be paved at the bottom
in the shell in the whole solar
energy collector.
Page 104 of 116
CN 202177752 (U)
TIANMA MICRO ELECTRONICS
CO LTD
28 March 2012
LIQUID CRYSTAL GLASSES
The utility model relates to the
technical field of stereoscopic
display and provides liquid crystal
glasses. The liquid crystal glasses
comprise a left glass piece and a
right glass piece, wherein the left
glass piece and/or the right glass
piece comprises a liquid crystal
box; the liquid crystal box
comprises first upper polarized
glass, lower polarized glass,
frames, a first conductive film and a
first orientation layer, a second
conductive film and a second
orientation layer, and liquid crystal,
wherein the first conductive film
and the first orientation layer are
coated at the inner side of the first
upper polarized glass in sequence;
the second conductive film and the
second orientation layer are coated
at the inner side of the lower
polarized glass in sequence; and
the liquid crystal is filled in a space
enclosed by the first orientation
layer, the second orientation layer
and the two frames. Since the
polarized glass with less thickness
is used for replacing the existing
upper and lower polarized pieces,
the thickness of the glass piece of
the liquid crystal glass is reduced,
the whole volume of the liquid
crystal glass is reduced, and
especially when the liquid crystal
glass is the 3D liquid crystal glass,
the structure provides the
possibility for improving the fashion
attractiveness of the 3D liquid
crystal glass and adding various
outdoor purposes and is
convenient for promotion and
application of products.
CZ
303117 (B6)
VYSOKA UEKOLA CHEMICKO
TECHNOLOGICKA V PRAZE
11 April 2012
LEAD AND BARIUM FREE
CRYSTAL GLASS CONTAINING
LANTHANUM AND NIOBIUM
OXIDES
In the present invention, there is
disclosed lead- and barium-free
crystal glass containing lanthanum
and niobium oxides, with refraction
index higher than 1.54 and specific
weight of at least 2.58 g.cme-3,
containing 63.0 +/- 2.5 percent by
weight of SiOi2, up to 2.0 percent
by weight of Ali2Oi3 and/or up to
2.0 Bi2Oi3, 3.0 +/- 2.5 percent by
weight of Lai2Oi3, 4.0 +/- 3.5
percent by weight of Nbi2Oi5, 3.0
+/- 2.0 percent by weight of SrO,
7.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of
CaO, 1.0 +/- 1.0 percent by weight
of MgO, 2.0 +/- 2.0 percent by
weight of ZnO, 5.0 +/- 2.0 percent
by weight of Nai2O, 10.0 +/- 2.0
percent by weight of Ki2O, 0.4 +/0.2 percent by weight of Sbi2Oi3,
0.05 +/- 0.02 percent by weight of
Eri2Oi3 + Ndi2Oi3, wherein the
sum of Ali2Oi3 and Bi2Oi3 is up to
4 percent by weight, the sum of
Ki2O and ZnO is in excess of 10
percent by weight,; and the sum of
Lai2Oi3 and Nbi2Oi5 is in the
range of 4 to 12 percent by weight.
Page 105 of 116
DE 102010043634 (A1)
Krones AG
10 May 2012
DEVICE FOR HANDLING
ARTICLES, E.G. GLASS
BOTTLES IN BEVERAGE
INDUSTRY, HAS MONITORING
DEVICE CONNECTED WITH
REJECTION DEVICE &
INCLUDING COUNTING DEVICE
WHOSE SIGNALS ARE
TRANSFERRED TO
CONTROLLER FOR
MONITORING FILLING LEVEL
OF CONTAINER
The handling device has a rejection
device including a collection
container provided for rejected
articles. A counting device of a
monitoring device is attached to the
container. The monitoring device is
connected with the rejection
device. Signals of the counting
device are transferred to a
controller for monitoring a filling
level of the container by comparing
a number of rejected articles
determined by the counting device
with a number of articles
corresponding to a preset filling
level in the container. An
independent claim is also included
for a method for handling articles
i.e. beverage containers.
KR 20120012689
DONGJIN SEMICHEM CO LTD
10 February 2012
LIQUID CRYSTAL PANEL FOR
WINDOW USING DYESENSITIZED SOLAR CELL
A liquid crystal panel for a window
using a dye sensitized solar cell
module is provided to improve
photoelectric transformation effects
by supplying voltages to liquid
crystal glass or a liquid crystal film.
A liquid crystal is injected into a
liquid crystal panel of a window.
The liquid crystal is turned on or off
according to an applied power
source. A dye sensitize solar cell
module is attached at the one side
of the liquid crystal panel for the
window. A charging circuit changes
the power source of the dye
sensitize solar cell module with a
charging voltage. The charging
circuit controls the charge of the
charging voltage. A liquid crystal
driving unit drives the liquid crystal
of the liquid panel.
MX 2010008985 (A)
Solis Alvaro Nunez
20 February 2012
PROCESS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
USING ALL TYPE OF
RECOVERED GLASS
The present invention describes a
process using waste glass resulting
from PC monitors, televisions,
refrigerators, microwaves, wine
bottles and perfume bottles
amongst others, which is milled to
a grain size of from about 5
meshes to about 300 meshes,
which may be used for the
manufacture of a novel TRC
mixture (ecological paste) with
which a large amount of
construction, decoration, and
consumption products and
byproducts may be manufactured.
The invention is successful in the
integration of up to 60% by weight
of the TRC waste mixture in each
product, thus being excellent for
replacing carbonates, gravels,
sands, amongst other materials,
and avoiding the extraction of virgin
raw materials from the earth. The
values obtained from the
compression resistance and the
rupture module are above the
minimum values accepted by the
NMX-C-316-86ONNCCE, which
turns the invention into an
Page 106 of 116
affordable and environmentally
attractive process.
MX 2011012608 (A)
Crown Packaging Technology
(USA)
2 April 2012
CLOSURE ASSEMBLY
A closure assembly comprising a
two-part closure having a metal
panel or disc and a ring and a
container such as a glass jar. The
ring is substantially cylindrical with
an axially upwardly extending
sidewall and has a radially inwardly
extending lower edge. The jar
terminates in a radially outwardly
extending beaded rim and the disc
has a curled circumference, such
that this curl co-operates with the
beaded rim of the container to
provide a primary seal. In one
example, in a metal ring, the lower
edge is curled with equally spaced
lugs on the skirt wall. In a plastic
ring, the upper rim feature may be
omitted.
RO 126155 (A0)
INST NATIONAL DE CERCETARE
DEZVOLTARE PENTRU
30 March 2011
SIMULATOR DETERMINING
OPTIMUM PARAMETERS OF
CONTAINERS FOR
TRANSPORTATION OF
AQUATIC ANIMALS
The invention relates to a simulator
determining the optimal parameters
of the containers for the
transportation of aquatic animals,
being meant to make the
correlation between the density and
amount of biological material (kg of
fish/mof water), the water aeration
level, the transportation container
volume and the aerator
characteristics. According to the
invention, the simulator consists of
a container made of acrylic glass
for ensuring the visualization of the
aeration phenomenon, an aerator
consisting of a circular plate with
equally spaced orifices, an air
pump which ensures supply of the
aerator whose flow rate is read and
controlled by means of a rotameter,
a pipe for sampling water that is
being aerated, which by means of a
peristaltic pump is led to the
measuring cell of an oximeter,
provided with oxygen and
temperature sensor and with
display for displaying these
parameters and then reintroduced
into the container through the
nozzle of a valve, the container
aeration as well as changing the
pressure on the free surface being
ensured by means of a valve.
RO 125978 (A0)
NITA ADRIAN
28 January 2011
CURTAIN FACADE
The invention relates to a curtain
facade used for the exterior closing
of a building. According to the
invention, the facade consists of
some pillars fixed to some floors of
a bearing structure of a building by
some attaching and fastening
elements respectively, on the
pillars there being fixed by some
self-cutting screws, some fastening
elements permitting the mounting
of some cross-beams provided with
some fastening limiters, which
cross the pillars, forming together
some window openings wherein
some thermopane glass windows
or polyurethane foam windows are
mounted, by means of some
intermediate blocks they rest onto,
the mounting thereof being
achieved by means of some
fastening elements, some gaskets,
some screws and some clips, the
fastening element having two sides
(3' and 3''), a long side and a short
Page 107 of 116
side, arranged at an angle of 90
DEG to one another, on the long
side (3') there being cut two parallel
oblong cutouts (a) of the same
length and two cylindrical seats (b),
while on the short side (3'') there
are cut two parallel oblong cutouts
(c) of the same length, the oblong
shape being about a longitudinal
axis, the two sides (3' and 3'') being
stiffened by means of two triangleshaped plates (4).
RU
2412122 (C1)
SHCHEPOCHKINA JULIJA
ALEKSEEVNA
20 Febraury 2011
CRUDE MIXTURE FOR MAKING
ARTIFICIAL EMERALD
This invention relates to making
artificial stones and minerals. The
crude mixture for making artificial
emerald contains soda, cobalt
carbonate, chromium carbonate,
scrap crystal glass, with the
following ratio of components, pts.
wt: scrap crystal glass 89.1-91.2;
soda 8-10; cobalt carbonate 0.050.1; chromium carbonate 0.75-0.8.
This has the effect of obtaining
environmentally safe crude mixture
for making artificial emerald.
TW 201219323 (A)
HUZHOU TA HSIANG GLASS
PRODUCTS CO LTD
16 May 2012
METHOD & APPARATUS OF
CONTINUOUSLY FORMING
CRYSTALLISED GLASS
One objective of the present
invention was to provide a method
of continuously forming crystallized
glass, so as to reduce the thermal
treatment time necessary for
crystallizing a belt-shaped glass
plate; and to provide an apparatus
of continuously forming crystallized
glass, so as to shorten the thermal
treatment zone necessary for
crystallizing a belt-shaped glass
plate. A method of continuously
forming crystallized glass according
to the present invention includes: a
melting step of melting a raw glass
material to obtain molten glass; a
shaping step of rolling the molten
glass to form a belt-shaped glass
plate; a crystallizing step of
retaining the belt-shaped glass
plate at a temperature necessary
for nuclei formation and crystal
growth, thereby forming nuclei and
crystallizing the belt-shaped glass
plate to a belt-shaped crystallized
glass plate, and then slowly cooling
the belt-shaped crystallized glass
plate; and a cutting step of cutting
the belt-shaped crystallized glass
plate.
US 2012114457 (A1)
NICOLETTI FABIANO
10 May 2012
STRUCTURE FOR GLASS
CONTAINERS FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL USE
The package structure for glass
containers for pharmaceutical use
(eg bottles, carpules and vials ),
comprises a tray accommodating,
at a raised position with respect to
its bottom, a support plane having
a plurality of holes for introducing
containers spaced with a preset
spatial order, the support plane
comprising, at each introduction
hole, elastically yielding means for
holding the container by means of
a radial holding force, the holding
means extending inside the volume
enclosed by the projection of the
perimeter of the hole in a manner
parallel to the central symmetry
axis of the latter.
Page 108 of 116
US 2012113248 (A1)
Krones AG
10 May 2012
DEVICE FOR INSPECTING
CONTAINERS
DEVICE FOR
INSPECTING CONTAINERS
DEVICE FOR INSPECTING
CONTAINERS
Device for inspecting containers
or the like, in particular bottles of
glass or plastics, with an inspection
module mounted at a conveying
path, where, be able to adapt the
device more flexibly to
corresponding customer demands
and to reduce assembly and
adjustment works, the device is
formed as a modular inspection
unit with a support with location
places for a plurality of inspection
modules.
US 2012194974 (A1)
Apple Inc
2 August 2012
ENHANCED CHEMICAL
STRENGTHENING GLASS FOR
PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
DEVICES
Apparatus, systems and methods
for improving strength of a thin
glass member for an electronic
device are disclosed. In one
embodiment, the glass member
can have improved strength
characteristics in accordance with a
predetermined stress profile. The
predetermined stress profile can be
formed through multiple stages of
chemical strengthening. The stages
can, for example, have a first ion
exchange stage where larger ions
are exchanged into the glass
member, and a second ion
exchange stage where some of the
larger ions are exchanged out from
the glass member. In one
embodiment, the glass member
can pertain to a glass cover for a
housing for an electronic device.
The glass cover can be provided
over or integrated with a display.
US 2012196099 (A1)
AGC Glass Europe
2 August 2012
COATED GLASS SHEET
Glass sheets according to the
invention, in particular lacquered
glass sheets, are covered with a
coating of enamel. This coating
comprises between 11 and 40% of
organic material. Such glass sheets
may be heat treated and, before
heat treatment, may be handled
and transported without damaging
the coating, may be cut and ground
without causing the coating to peel
off or to be damaged at the borders
of the cutting line, and offer a good
resistance under running water,
avoiding the peeling off or
destruction of the coating during
edges grinding or storage or
transportation.
US 2012156119 (A1)
Northwestern University
21 June 2012
NONLINEAR OPTIC GLASSY
FIBERS, METHODS OF MAKING
AND APPLICATIONS OF THE
SAME
A nonlinear optic article for
difference frequency generation is
provided. The article comprises a
wave mixer configured to generate
a difference frequency mixing
signal, the wave mixer comprising
a compound made from one or
more noncentrosymmetric crystalglass phase-change materials
comprising one or more
chalcogenide compounds that are
structurally one dimensional and
comprise a polymeric
1[infinity][PSe6-] chain or a
polymeric 1[infinity][P2Se62-]
chain, wherein the one or more
chalcogenide compounds are
Page 109 of 116
capable of difference frequency
generation.
WO 2011150066
Emhart Glass SA
1 December 2011
POST-MANUFACTURE GLASS
CONTAINER THERMAL
STRENGTHENING ON A
CONVEYOR
A method of manufacturing of
strengthened glass containers, and
more particularly a method of
thermally strengthening glass
containers in a glass container
manufacturing line while they are
on a conveyor intermediate the hot
end and the cold end. Glass
containers formed at an IS machine
are conveyed through a special
tempering Lehr that heats them
uniformly to a high temperature that
is short of temperatures at which
they may become deformed.
Subsequently, the glass containers
while being transported on a
conveyor are subjected to a unique
rapid thermal strengthening cooling
process in which the outer and
inner surfaces including all areas of
the glass containers are
simultaneously cooled to a
temperature below the Strain Point
of the glass used in the glass
containers.
WO 2012046459 (A1)
Toyo Glass Co Ltd
12 April 2012
METHOD FOR
MANUFACTURING GLASS
BOTTLES
The present invention addresses
the problem of providing a method
for manufacturing bottles with a
narrow mouth without creating a
bead, easily and at low cost, when
manufacturing a plurality of types of
bottles having the same body
shape with different mouth
diameters. A plurality of types of
mouth molds corresponding to the
shapes of the mouth of the glass
bottles to be formed are prepared.
Also prepared are a plurality of
types of neck moldings having a
neck molding face corresponding to
the shapes of the neck of the glass
bottles to be formed in a rough
mold and a finish mold which have
a two-part cylindrical shape on
which a half-doughnut-shaped
notch is formed on the upper edge
of each half. The half-doughnutplate-shaped neck moldings, the
inner peripheral surfaces of which
are the neck molding face, are
removably attached to the notches.
The present invention solves the
above problem by forming glass
bottles using a mouth mold
selected corresponding to the
shape of the mouth and neck of the
glass bottle to be formed as well as
a rough mold and a finish mold to
which the neck molding is attached.
WO 2012044252 (A1)
JINGXIN TRADE & INVEST LLP
5 April 2012
AN EASY OPEN CROWN CAP
AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD
The present invention discloses an
easy open crown cap and its
production method. It is composed
of a top and a side, and a
connecting strip with a handle is
extended from the hemline on its
side. The first longitudinal incision
and the second longitudinal incision
are symmetrically established on
both sides of the said connecting
strip on its side. The said first
incision and second incision are
located between its top and the
hemline on its side. An easy open
crown cap and its production
method in the present invention
use such a manner that the crown
cap can be easily opened, which
Page 110 of 116
can avoid bruising the bottle mouth
when it is opened, and improve the
recycling rate of glass bottles. Due
to the existence of incisions on the
side of the cap, when the pressure
sealed within a glass bottle is
overhigh because of external
factors, the incisions on the side of
the cap will be swelling up, which
results in air leak, reduces the risks
of glass bottle explosion after
sealing, can avoid the phenomenon
of twisted insertion between crown
caps caused by existing incisions
during production in a production
line, guarantee the product quality
and enhance the productivity effect.
WO 2012103552 (A2)
California Inst Technology
2 August 2012
FORMING OF FERROMAGNETIC
METALLIC GLASS BY RAPID
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE
An apparatus and method of
uniformly heating, rheologically
softening, and thermoplastically
forming magnetic metallic glasses
rapidly into a net shape using a
rapid capacitor discharge forming
(RCDF) tool are provided. The
RCDF method utilizes the
discharge of electrical energy
stored in a capacitor to uniformly
and rapidly heat a sample or
charge of metallic glass alloy to a
predetermined "process
temperature" between the glass
transition temperature of the
amorphous material and the
equilibrium melting point of the
alloy in a time scale of several
milliseconds or less. Once the
sample is uniformly heated such
that the entire sample block has a
sufficiently low process viscosity it
may be shaped into high quality
amorphous bulk articles via any
number of techniques including, for
example, injection molding,
dynamic forging, stamp forging,
sheet forming, and blow molding in
a time frame of less than 1 second.
WO 2012103194 (A1)
Corning Inc
2 August 2012
GLASS COMPOSITIONS HAVING
HIGH THERMAL AND CHEMICAL
STABILITY
Described herein are alkali-free,
boroalumino silicate glasses
exhibiting desirable physical and
chemical properties for use as
substrates in flat panel display
devices, such as, active matrix
liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs)
and active matrix organic light
rmitting diode displays
(AMOLEDs). In accordance with
certain of its aspects, the glasses
possess good dimensional stability
as a function of temperature. The
glasses comprise in mol percent on
an oxide basis : 70-74,5 SiO2, 10,
5-13,5 AL2O3, 0-2,5 B2O3, 3-7
MgO, 3-7 CaO, 0-4 SrO, 1,5-6
BaO, 0-0,3 SnO2, 0-03 CeO2, 00,5 As2O3, 0-0,5 Sb2O3, 0,01-0,08
Fe2O3 and F+Cl+Br ? RO/Al2O3 ?
1.7 and 0,2 ? MgO/RO ? 0.45, RO
being the sum of MgO, BaO, SrO
and CaO.
WO 2012103190 (A1)
Corning Inc
2 August 2012
LAMINATED PV MODULE
PACKAGE
Laminated packages and
photovoltaic modules having a
glass substrate layer or a plurality
of glass substrate layers
encapsulated between top and
bottom glass protective layers. The
glass substrate layers can have
similar CTE. Likewise, the top and
bottom glass protective layers can
have similar CTEs, CTEs that may
Page 111 of 116
be different from the CTE of the
glass substrate layer or layers.
WO 2012102851 (A1)
Guardian Industries
2 August 2012
HEAT TREATABLE FOUR
LAYER ANTI-REFLECTION
COATING
A coated article includes a heat
treatable (eg, temperable)
antireflection (AR) coating having
four layers. The AR coating
includes a layer adjacent the glass
substrate having an index of
refraction substantially matching
that of the glass substrate, and
having a compressive residual
stress. In certain example
embodiments, the coating may
include the following layers from
the glass substrate outwardly:
stress-reducing layer/medium index
layer/high index layer/low index
layer. In certain example
embodiments, depending on the
chemical and optical properties of
the high index layer and the
substrate, the stress-reducing layer
of the AR coating is selected to
cause a net compressive residual
stress and thus improve the overall
performance of the antireflection
coating when the coated article is
heat treated.
WO 2012102318 (A1)
Nippon Electric Glass Co
2 August 2012
LENS MANUFACTURING
METHOD AND LIQUID CRYSTAL
LENS
Provided are a liquid crystal lens
manufacturing method and a liquid
crystal lens. Although thin plate
glass is used as a glass plate for
dividing a liquid crystal layer,
breakage of the thin plate glass can
be prevented in a manufacturing
process. Liquid crystal lenses (10)
are manufactured by cutting a
mother liquid crystal lens in which a
plurality of liquid crystal lens units
are arranged in a length direction.
Side surfaces (13c, 13d, 14c, 14d)
extending in the length direction of
a glass ribbon that becomes thin
plate glasses (13, 14) have
sections taken in a direction
perpendicular to the length
direction, and the sections have
outwardly curved convex shapes.
Please note you can download any
of the patents mentioned from:
http://www.epo.org/searching/free/esp
acenet.html
CONFERENCES,
EXHIBITIONS, AND
TRAINING
COURSES/TRAINING
AVAILABLE FROM BRITISH
GLASS
TECHNICAL/INTERMEDIARY:
GLASS APPRECIATION
2-day Course – 2-3rd October
2012
This course is designed to give
delegates a broad understanding of
glass as a material covering
manufacture, properties, uses and
environmental impacts. The course
combines both theoretical and
practical sessions where delegates
will have the opportunity to:
• help make their own glass object,
• test glass products for strength
• attempt to identify different types
of glass to remove contaminants
from glass collected for recycling
• experiment with different glass
Page 112 of 116



coatings to see the effect these
have on the glass product.
Origins of Fractures
Breakage Patterns
Fracture Markings
Areas Covered:
• Introduction to the glass sector
• Glass forming
• Properties and uses of glass
• Inspection and quality controls
• Glass batch and melting
• Common glass defects and their
causes
• Glass furnaces and melting
technology
• Surface protection and coatings
• Recycling and environmental
Issues
Contact: [email protected]
GLASS FRACTURE
APPRECIATION COURSE
This course is designed for those
who have to investigate the causes
of glass failure in their products or
who are charged with designing
and specifying glass products to
ensure that they are fit for purpose.
This course is very practical in
nature and theoretical knowledge is
reinforced by practical real life
examples of failed products. The
course will give delegates the
background to begin identifying the
causes of glass failure and teach
them what steps are required to
positively identify why a failure
occurred and how it might be
prevented in the future. The
course utilises the state of the art
GTS product performance
laboratory for practical
demonstrations of glass failure
under controlled conditions.
On both courses delegate numbers
are kept low to encourage an
informal atmosphere and enable
delegates to bring examples from
their own work for discussion
during the sessions. Presenters are
chosen from a wide range of GTS
and British Glass Staff who are
experts in their particular field.
Experts are available throughout
the course duration to answer any
questions delegates may have.
Exact course content is tailored to
the interests of the course
delegates with the potential to run
small break out sessions on
specialist subjects if there is
specific interest.
Contact: [email protected]
BESPOKE COURSES
GTS/British Glass can also offer
bespoke courses either at its
Chapeltown Site or on customer
premises. Our staff and network of
associated consultants have
expertise in all areas of glass
manufacturing, user and disposal
and are happy to design a course
to cover your specific needs.
Please contact Chris Holcroft to
discuss your requirements.
Courses are run based on interest
please contact Chris Holcroft for
more information:
Areas Covered:

Introduction to Fracture
Analysis
Page 113 of 116
SEPTEMBER 2012
SGT ANNUAL CONFERENCE
5-7 September
University of Cambridge, UK
www.cambridge2012.sgthome.co.u
k or [email protected]
55TH INTERNATIONAL
COLLOQUIUM ON
REFRACTORIES
19-20 September
Bonn, Germany
www.feuerfest-kolloquium.de
SGIA ‘12
18-20 October
Las Vegas, USA
www.glassglobal.com
SOLAR MEETS GLASS
CONFERENCE
22-23 October
Dusseldorf, Germany
www.glassglobal.com
GLASSTEC & SOLARPEQ
23-26 October
Düsseldorf, Germany
www.glasstec-online.com
OCTOBER 2012
NOVEMBER 2012
73rd CONFERENCE ON GLASS
PROBLEMS
1-3 October 2012
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
http://glassproblemsconference.org
/
XXVII ATIV Conference
15-16 November
Parma, Italy
www.glassglobal.com
GLASS APPRECIATION
COURSE
By popular demand, a 2 day glass
appreciation course is being run by
Glass Technology Services. The
course is designed to give
delegates a broad understanding of
glass as a material covering
manufacture, properties, uses and
environmental impacts.
2-3 October
Sheffield
13th FORUM SOLARPRAXIS
22-23 November
Berlin, Germany
www.glassglobal.com
DECEMBER 2012
International Conference on
Fibre Optics and Photonics
(Photonics 2012)
9–12 December
Chennai, India
Email:
[email protected]
MS&T’12: Materials Science &
Technology Conference and
Exhibition, Combined with
ACerS 114th Annual Meeting
7-11 October, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Web: www.matscitech.org
Page 114 of 116
2013
JUNE 2013
MARCH 2013
PACRIM 10 – 10TH
INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF
PACIFIC RIM CERAMIC
SOCIEITIES
2–7 June
San Diego, CA, USA
[email protected] or
www.pacrim10.org
GPD INDIA
19-20 March
Mumbai, India
www.glassglobal.com
GLASSPEX INDIA 2013
20-22 March
Mumbai, India
www.glassglobal.com
MIR STEKLA (World of Glass)
2013
10-14 June
Moscow, Russia
www.glassglobal.com
APRIL 2013
DECO 2013
13-15 April
Louiseville, KY, USA
www.glassglobal.com
MAY 2013
GPD FINLAND 2013
13-17 June
Tampere, Finland
www.glassglobal.com
GLASSMAN EUROPE
15-16 May
Warsaw, Poland
www.glassglobal.com
FESPA 2013
25-29 June
London, UK
www.glassglobal.com
GPD CHINA 2013
22-23 May
Beijing, China
www.glassglobal.com
SEPTEMBER 2013
BRITISH GLASS CONFERENCE
23 May 2013
Radison Blu Hotel, Manchester, UK
Programme available soon, to
register your interest please email:
[email protected]
www.britglass.org.uk
CHINA GLASS 2013
24-27 May
Beijing, China
www.glassglobal.com
GULF GLASS 2013
3-5 September
Dubai, UAE
www.glassglobal.com
OCTOBER 2013
SGIA 2013 Expo
23-25 October
Orlando, USA
www.glassglobal.com
VITRUM 2013
23-26 October
Milan, Italy
www.glassglobal.com
Page 115 of 116
NOVEMBER 2013
GlassPrint 2013
28-29 November
Dusseldorf, Germany
www.glassglobal.com
Page 116 of 116

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