hyprescon

Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses:
Stress Assessment for Pipes and Engineers
Colin Kristiansen, P.Eng., MBA
Outline
2
Purpose
Local Examples
Assessment Tools
Lessons Learned
May 2, 2016
Purpose
3
Break - Vancouver
Failure is Best Teacher
Share Experience and
Some Lessons Learned
Leak - Richmond
Near Disaster - Delta
May 2, 2016
Historic – First Narrows Crossing
4
First Narrows
Crossing
May 2, 2016
Yes, Vancouver can burn
1886
5
May 2, 2016
East-West Connector
6
Hyprescon Pipe
May 2, 2016
Haney 2 and 3 Water Main
Relocations
7
May 2, 2016
South Fraser Perimeter Road
8
May 2, 2016
MV Watermain & Delta Forcemain
9
1050mm Steel MV Watermain1988
1050mm Steel Delta Forcemain 1988
Preload Failure
Pushed 1m to the south 2015
Previously pushed 0.75m to the north 1998
No yielding calculated
Outside of safety factors for various design
standards
Visual inspection and Magnetic particle
inspection
May 2, 2016
Tools
10
Structural Analysis
• like round beam, but pressurized, and with odd joints
• considerations
• Design standard, material (mechanical behaviour,
allowable stresses/strain, etc.), temperatures,
pressures, loading, displacements, condition of the pipe
(corroded, damaged, eroded, etc), how is the pipe
supported, types of joints and fittings used, wall
thickness, D/t ratio, thermal expansion,
expansion/flexible joints, vibration, plug loading (steam
lines) or transients (water hammer), Pressure relief
valves, seismic…
Software
• Caesar II (Intergraph)
• Autopipe (Bentley)
• for large diameter piping, district energy pipes
Investigations - deductive reasoning
May 2, 2016
Collingwood Trunk Sewer
11
1. 750 mm Collingwood Trunk Sewer
May 2, 2016
Investigations – Richmond DEU Pipe
12
Leakage at the south west assembly
November 27, 2015. (photo by Corix)
May 2, 2016
At least we aren’t in the oil and gas
industry
13
Hastings St
2007
May 2, 2016
Break Statistics
14
Kobe, Japan, 1995
Over 1/2 of the failures due to joint
pull out.
Pipeline damage rates for the
Kobe earthquake are shown in
the table below.
Failure Mode
PipeLength (km)
Barrel
Fitting
Pulled Joint
Joint Failure
Joint Intrusion
Failure Rates/km - Number of Failures
DIP
CIP
PVC
Steel
AC
1874
405
232
30
24
0
9 0.63 257 0.38 88 0.33 10 1.24 30
0
1 0.31 124 0.17 40 0.03
1 0.04 1
0.47 880 0.49 199 0.33 76
0
0 0.37 9
0
2 0.06 25
0.5 115 0.07
2 0.08 2
0
5
0
1 0.01
3
0
0
0 0
From Donald Ballantyne
May 2, 2016
Pipe Vulnerability (1995)
Low Vulnerability
Ductile Iron
C1xx Series
B&S, RG, R
5
Polyethylene
C906
Fused
4
Steel
C2xx Series
Arc Welded
5
Steel
None
Riveted
5
C909
B&S, RG, R
PVCO(BIONAX)
Steel
C2xx Series
B&S, RG, R
5
Low/Moderate Vulnerability
Concrete Cylinder C300, C303
B&S, R
3
Ductile Iron
C1XX Series
B&S, RG, UR
5
PVC
C900, C905
B&S, R
3
Steel
C2xx
B&S, RG, UR
5
Moderate Vulnerability
AC > 8" D
C4xx Series
Coupled
2
Cast Iron > 8" D
None
B&S, RG
2
PVC
C900, C905
B&S, UR
3
Concrete Cylinder C300, C303
B&S, UR
3
Moderate/High Vulnerability
AC <=8" D
C4xx Series
Coupled
2
Cast Iron <= 8" D None
B&S, RG
2
Steel
None
Gas Welded
3
High Vulnerability
Cast Iron
None
B&S, Rigid
2
15
GOOD
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
18
19
19
18
19
18
4
5
3
5
4
4
4
4
3
1
3
1
14
15
13
15
4
4
3
4
5
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
12
11
11
12
1
1
3
5
4
1
1
1
2
9
8
9
2
1
1
6
B&S - bell & spigot; RG - rubber gasket; R - restrained; UR - unrestrained
Relative
Earthquake
Vulnerability
of Water
Pipe
BAD
From Donald Ballantyne
May 2, 2016
Lessons Learned
16
1. First Narrows – Old things leak, break. Material
and soil transitions weak points. Severe
consequences
2. City E/W Concrete Pipe – New isn’t always better
3. SFPR – Precautionary measures can induce risk
4. Delta example – Peat moves, a lot. Some pipes
can move a lot
5. Richmond DEU – Minor details matter.
6. Collingwood Trunk Sewer – Construction risky.
Emergency planning helps
7. Hastings Street – Survey, record drawing, and
caution around critical infrastructure matter
8. Kobe – material and joints make a big difference
9. Assessments – Not that common in water
industry
May 2, 2016
Questions?
17
March 11, 2011