Technologie - agibsondesign.com

Unit 110: Component two
The Technical Manual
UP673018
Contents
Section 1: Analysis of Site .................................................... 4
Section 2: Environmental and Sustainable Design Response 10
Coursework 1 ............................................................... 10
Environment response .................................................. 13
Section 3: Material Selection............................................. 17
Concrete ...................................................................... 17
Wood........................................................................... 19
Glass ............................................................................ 21
Hybrid Solar Panels ....................................................... 22
Section 4: Making/ Building............................................... 23
Preparing the Site ......................................................... 23
Foundations ................................................................. 23
Substructure................................................................. 23
Water........................................................................... 24
Stairs............................................................................ 24
Structure ...................................................................... 24
Solar Panels.................................................................. 24
Cladding....................................................................... 25
Interior-Exterior............................................................ 25
Electric ..................................................................... 25
Water ....................................................................... 25
Ventilation................................................................ 25
2|P age
Furniture .................................................................. 25
Finishes........................................................................ 26
Floor......................................................................... 26
Ceiling ...................................................................... 26
Walls ........................................................................ 26
Section 5: Predicting the Future......................................... 27
Concrete ...................................................................... 27
Wood........................................................................... 27
Glass ............................................................................ 27
Hybrid Solar Panels ....................................................... 28
Images ......................................................................... 29
3|P age
Section 1
Analysis of Site
My site is east facing to get the morning sun, as a result of
this it means that the building doesn’t heat up during the day
to the extent that the visitors become uncomfortable. The
United Kingdom is in a temperate region situated between
the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle, but it has a
maritime temperate climate. It is caused by the sea’s
moderating effect, which keeps the land warmer in the
winter and cooler in the summer, compared to continental
Europe. Portsmouth has a milder climate then the rest of the
United Kingdom; since it is surrounded by water and densely
populated the temperatures rarely drop below freezing. The
marshes are also protected by Portsdown hill at 370 feet tall
it provides protection from the cold northerly wind during
the winter. Since Portsmouth is on the south coast of the
United Kingdom it receives more sunshine and therefore
more heat, it also has an urban heat effect caused by the
buildings retaining the heat. The lowest recorded temperate
is -8°C and the highest is 35°C Portsmouth is a very dense
city, in which parks, gardens and open spaces represent less
than 20% of the land, so the marshes are important to help
cut down to CO2 emissions coming from the city.
4|P age
The site is on the edge of the sea and very exposed to the
elements, there is nothing but the city of Portsmouth to stop
the strong south-westerly wind. The marshes were embanked
from the sea in the late 18th century; the sea wall is in threat
because of the rising sea levels, which would revert it back to
mudflats and small islets, as shown in the diagram below:
The site was anywhere you wanted on the west part of the
Farlington marshes, the cover an area of 125 hectares. My
site is 30m x 10m as shown in the image below:
10m
30m
5|P age
The tide height varies a lot, from 0.60m at low tide to 4.70m
at high tide in February 2013. The site is only two meters
above sea level, the same height as the current walkway.
The site is internationally important for the bird population,
as well as to the plants, flowers that bread and grow there,
also to other animals and insects including the vast numbers
of butterflies. Some of the birds include Lapwings,
Wheatears, Brimstones, Peacocks, large red Damselfly and
many more. The several pools both freshwater and brackish
and a broad steam each provide feeding and roosting sites for
waders and wildfowl, along with ducks and swans.
The marsh is covered with unusual species of plants, Sea
Barley, Bulbous Foxtail, Slender Hare’s-ear, Yellow-rattle and
many more.
6|P age
There are several was to get to the marshes there are several
small car parks just of the A27, a cycle route along the A27,
and a pedestrian path around the marsh.
Since the marsh in south of the A27, you can always hear the
road noise, even if you are the farthest south. When you are
on the marsh, you can smell the seaweed especially when the
tied is out, you can also smell the petrol from the cars when
you approach the road.
There’s no mains electric or water on the site but there is a
possibility of producing electric from the wind of from the
sun, you could also collect rain water to have a source of
water in the site.
The difference in height between the walkway and the marsh
has been used as an advantage in my design, allowing me two
floor heights without modifying the landscape too much.
7|P age
Climate data average for Portsmouth, England,
from 1971 to 2000
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year
Average
high °C
Average
low °C
Precipitation
mm
9.6
5.1
65
8.8
4.3
50
10.6
5.4
52
13.4
6.4
42
16.8
9.6
28
19.4
12.3
40
21.8
15
32
21.8
15
43
19.3
12.8
62
15.8
10.9
81
12.0
7.5
72
10.0
5.9
80
14.94
9.18
647
(Head Office at Havant, 2013)
8|P age
(Windfinder, 2013)
9|P age
Section 2
Environmental and Sustainable Design
Response
Coursework 1
What is climate?
- Definition of climate:
- ‘the weather conditions prevailing in an area
in general or over a long period: our cold, wet
climate’ (Oxford Dictionaires, 2013)
- ‘Climate is the average weather we expect
over a long period of time. So, while the
weather brings different temperatures all
over the world on a day to day basis, over a
year we'd expect the global climate to bring
an average temperature of about 14 °C.’ (Met
Office, 2012)
What’s the difference between weather and climate?
- ‘The difference between weather and climate is a
measure of time. Weather is what conditions of
the atmosphere over a short period of time and
climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over
relatively long periods of time.’ (Gutro, 2005)
10 | P a g e
Average winter rain fall in mm
11 | P a g e
12 | P a g e
Environment response
Climate-responsive design:
The building is orientated to capture the heat of the morning
to midday sun. It also has photovoltaic panels curved round
the top of the Island building and the main building that will
produce electric for the lights, heating and ventilation when
needed.
There are automated vents at the top of the glass front which
opens when it gets too hot in the building to let the heat out.
The building is shaded from the heat of the mid-day sun, from
the roof and the curved wall because the building is not
orientated to the south.
There are large windows to the east, and small windows to
the south, west, and north. There is a large opening to in the
roof of the Island building to let light into it during the day.
To the west of the building and surrounding the Island there
is a pond, which will help with the cooling in the summer.
13 | P a g e
Human comfort:
The buildings heat will be automatically regulated to insure
that it’s in the band of lack of discomfort.
The tunnel to the Island building will be cool and help cool
the main building when the vents at the front are open or the
door is open.
The pond will provide cool air in the summer for people
sitting outside of the main building.
The ceiling in the main building is quite high so the heat can
rise and go out the vents at the front.
14 | P a g e
Climate change:
The only way to get to the site is by walking, you cannot drive
to it, there are two routes, either you go counter clockwise
around the marsh like most people do or you go clockwise.
The heating will be done by photovoltaic on the roof of the
Island and main building, that will be stored in batteries that
will power under floor heating in the winter and run air
conditioners in the summer.
The exterior will be cladded in IPE-Brown wood; that can
easily be replaced if the harsh sea weather deteriorates it too
much.
The direct current LED lights running of batteries will only
come on when someone enters the building thanks to
motions sensors. There will be night lights on the exterior of
the building that give of a dim light during the night so you
can work out where the building is but not to disturb the
wildlife surrounding the building, as people may want to
come to the building at night to look at the stars from inside
the Island building.
15 | P a g e
Economy of resources:
The building is made out of reinforced concrete so it will last
over a long period of time and since the main building is
cladded with wood it will be protected.
The front glazing and the opening in the roof of the Island
building will provide sufficient light during the daylight hours.
The roof will naturally drain into the pond with no need of
gutters thanks to the angle of the roof.
16 | P a g e
Section 3
Material Selection
Concrete:
All the structural pieces of the building will be made out of
precast concrete insulated sandwich wall panels which
consist of two conventionally reinforced or prestressed
concrete wythes (a vertical section of bricks or other masonry
that is one unit thick. (Oxford Dictionaire, 2013)) with a
continuous layer of rigid insulation (typically extruded
polystyrene) sandwiched between the two wythes.
The panels come with a minimum insulation thickness of
25mm, the thickness of
the insulation is
determined by two
things, the thermal
characteristics of the
insulating material and
the thermal loads on
the structure. The
insulation is installed
under controlled
factory conditions
which stop the
insulation getting
damage and when it is
installed between the
two wythes they
(Canadian Precast/Prestressed prevent it settling or
Concrete Institute, 2012)
shifting which would
17 | P a g e
reduce the thermal efficiency of the panel, this often happens
with on-site insulation installation.
Precast Concrete Sandwich:
Precast concrete sandwich is made up of concrete, foam
insulation and steel which are not food sources for mould.
Also the precast concrete made of 35MPa is produced in a
controlled and protected environment in a process that
resists moisture intrusion, the concrete is virtually
impermeable to moisture migration.
The larger the precast concrete sandwich wall panels are the
fewer joints it will have, this can reduce uncontrolled air
filtration, they can also be recycled, be locally manufactured,
have high thermal mass and come pre-insulated. These key
features reduce the energy needed to manufacture, transport
and install the panels.
18 | P a g e
Wood:
The wood cladding will be made out of IPE-Brown otherwise
known other is Acariquara, Guayacan and Manwood. It is
grown in South America and West Africa, it is particularly
teredo-resistant ‘a worm-like marine bivalve mollusc with
reduced shells which it uses to drill into wood. It can cause
substantial damage to wooden structures and (formerly)
ships. Also called shipworm’ (Oxford Dictionaires, 2013), saltwater resistant, frost-resistant and is also used for
breakwater construction.
(South America Tmber Corp)
(Bedson Timber, 2013)
IPE-Brown is used for boat building, outdoor flooring,
furniture, panelling, and for decorative purposes. The wood
will cost around £120.00 M² to import, £25.00 for the
brackets & rails.
19 | P a g e
Appearance:
IPE-Brown is naturally resistant to rot, abrasion, weather,
decay, and termite attacks. IPE-Brown is the great choice for
all your decking or outdoor projects. Will last for 25 over
years without treatment, and can be maintenance-free. The
wood has a very nice chocolate colour with a fine to medium
texture. The grain is straight to very irregular. It is an
extremely durable wood due to its density.
Basic density
Bending Strength
Crushing Strength
Hardness
Impact Strength
Maximum Crushing
Shearing Strength
Static Bending
Work to Maximum
Load
Shrinkage, Tangential
Shrinkage, Radial
Drying
Natural durability
Working properties
Basic density
997 kg/cm2(green);1485
kg/cm2(dry)
101 kg/cm2(green); 158 kg/cm2(dry)
873 kg
137 kg/cm2 (dry)
Strength 480 kg/cm2(green); 732
kg/cm2(dry)
62 kg/cm2(dry)
622 kg/cm2(green); 874 kg/cm2(dry)
0.49 cm-kg/cm3(green);0.84 cmkg/cm3 (dry)
8%
5%
Very durable. Resistant to termites
Fairly Difficult
20 | P a g e
Glass:
The glass will come from a company less than ten minutes
away called Milton Glass, the Cosham Branch at 29 London
Road, Widley, Hampshire PO7 5AS. They have had more than
30 years experience in the glass industry and has become one
of the leading glass and glazing service in the South.
The glass will have these two options put on them, one to
keep the glass clean without maintenance and one to keep
the heat in the building during the winter.
Activ™ Self Cleaning Glass
Activ coating uses the sun to heat up the gas
to burn of any dirt and also consists for an
extra sooth coating that makes it hard for
any dirt to stick to it. Therefor when it rains
the rain water washes the already loose dirt
(Milton Glass, because of the heat off the glass, so you can
2013)
have clean glass for longer, the glass is also
clearer than a glazing. This helps the visitors in the
observatory see out. The activ coating doesn’t get worn away
or rubbed off, it lasts the lifetime of the glazing itself. It is an
ideal choice for hard to clean places and for low maintenance
buildings.
K Glass
K Glass is a coating that is put on the glass
which helps reduce heat loss through your
glazed areas. It works by being a very poor
heat conductor which helps prevent heat
(Milton Glass,
being transferred outside.
2013)
21 | P a g e
Hybrid Solar Panels:
The solar panels will come from a company less than ten
minutes any in Harts Farm Way, Havant, Hampshire, PO9
1HS. Hybrid solar panels are different compared to the most
common panels as these panels consist of a combination of
monocrystalline cells and thin film layers. That means that
these panels allow 20% more power output from the same
area than mono or polycrystalline panels.
(Solar Voltaics, 2013)
Hybrid solar panels are over twice the price as standard
mono or polycrystalline solar panels, so they are only used for
small roofs to maximize the power output
These panels will be used to charge batteries that will store
the electric (DC) which will then be used by the direct current
LED lights and converted though an inverter to power the
sockets in the main building.
22 | P a g e
Section 4
Making/ Building
Preparing the Site:
The site will have to be prepared before the build start, there
has to be easy access for vehicles, workers and equipment. So
the walkway may have to be modified to allow this.
Materials and equipment will have to be stored on or near
the site to save time on the build.
The pond at the back of the build, west, will have to be
drained to allow access to the area in which the foundations,
the underwater walk way and the Island are situated
A cane will be installed in the field to the west to lift
everything onto the site.
Foundations:
The foundations will for the entire build will have to be piles
because the build is situated in a marsh with very soft soil
and half of the build is underwater.
Substructure:
All the floor slabs for the entire build will be precast of site
and brought to site to be installed by a crane. The crane will
also install the steel beams used to make the bird nest
structure that holds the main buildings floor slab up of the
ground. This will be done before the installation of the main
buildings floor slab.
23 | P a g e
Water:
There is a water tank to be installed under the stair, where all
the water, electric and ventilation commands and setting are,
but all controls are remotely accessed from a maintenance
company.
Stairs:
The stairs will be precast off site, delivered to site and place
on the floor slabs by cane, the stairs have hydraulics in them
so they can lift up so maintenance can access to the electrics
and the water and ventilation.
Structure:
The retaining walls for the underwater walk way and the
Island will be precast off site, delivered to site and place on
the floor slabs by cane
The roof slabs will be precast off site, delivered to site and
place on the precast retaining wall slabs by cane.
The wall slabs for the main building will be precast off site,
delivered to site and place on the precast floor slab by cane.
The roofs slabs will be precast off site, delivered to site and
place on the precast wall slabs, starting will the underwater
walkway.
The glass will be precast off site, delivered to site and placed
where required by cane.
Solar Panels:
The hybrid solar panels will be delivered and installed by the
Solar Voltaics company on the main roof and the Island roof.
24 | P a g e
Cladding:
Wood cladding will be delivered beside the main building, it
will be cut to fit onsite. It will be installed on invisible exterior
brackets and rails.
Interior-Exterior
Electric:
The interior electrics will run of batteries, which are charged
by the hybrid solar panels, they will only run direct current
LED lights and alternative current sockets, inside for visitors
to use. All controls are remotely accessed from a
maintenance company.
Water:
There’s a tap inside where visitors can get portable water
which is collected from the roof, filtered and kept in a large
tank situated under the stair. All controls are remotely
accessed from a maintenance company.
Ventilation:
The ventilation main controls are under the stair, they control
the automatic vents above the glass wall at the front, East, of
the building. All controls are remotely accessed from a
maintenance company.
Furniture:
Inside there are seats, stools and sofas of people to relax
inside either to get out of the weather or the use the
observatory. There are tables so people can bring their
computer or paper to take notes, or just for their food.
Outside there are benches for people to sit, a bin for rubbish
and a dog bin.
25 | P a g e
Finishes
Floor:
The floor is finished with
Terrazzo(flooring material consisting of
chips of marble or granite set in concrete
and polished to give a smooth surface
(Oxford Dictionaries, 2013)), Corian
Sandstone K, Farben by Hasenkopf. It is
(Hasenkopf, 2013)
this colour so it looks like your walking on sand.
Ceiling:
The ceiling is finished with Terrazzo, Staron
Metallic galaxy by Staron. It is this colour
so it looks like your looking up at the stars
in the sky at night.
(Staron, 2013)
Walls:
The wall is finished with Terrazzo, Staron
Light Ash, Farben by Hasenkopf. It is a
plan and bright colour so the colours in
the building aren’t over powering
(Staron, 2013)
26 | P a g e
Section 5
Predicting the Future
Concrete:
According to the manufacturer a building using robust
materials like precast concrete can have life expectancies of
over a hundred years. It is also protected from any harsh
weather by the exterior wood cladding.
Wood:
Since IPE-Brown is naturally resistant to rot, abrasion,
weather, decay, and termite attacks, it is idea for all types of
outdoor projects. The wood can last for 25 years or more
without treatment, and can be maintenance-free. It can
easily be replaces since it is only exterior cladding and has no
structural benefits.
Glass:
Glass will last for centuries unless it suffers some type of
mechanical stress caused by humans, animals, the structure
surrounding the glass or the environment. Modern glass in
uniform and provides constant performance. Abrasion can be
caused by chemicals of air born grit like sand but it is rare
that is causes major damage, it usually only causes scratches
or removes the external coating.
27 | P a g e
Hybrid Solar Panels:
The photovoltaic panels have an estimated lifespan of 15 to
20 years. They can last longer but loose there efficiency over
time. One 1m x 2m panel can generate around 220W. There
are several ways in which you will lose power, one being
converting the electric to alternative current through the
inverter because they are only around 95% efficient. Also if
the panels are exposed to a lot of heat, this can decrease the
amount of electric produced, on average 4% for
temperatures over 35°C and up to 14% for temperatures over
50°C. Another loose of efficiency is caused by the panels
ageing which is generally around 0.5% loose ever year.
28 | P a g e
Images
Here are some images of the project, to understand to better
understand the build.
View from the West
View from the East
29 | P a g e
Works Cited
Carlton McLendon. (2011). Rare Woods and Veneers: Carlton
McLendon, Inc. Retrieved from Carlton McLendon, Inc
Web Site:
http://www.rarewoodsandveneers.com/pages/speci
mens/rarewoods/rarewood40.htm
Bedson Timber. (2013). Importer, processor and distributor of
exotics and hardwoods: Bedson Timbers. Retrieved
from Bedson Timbers Web Site:
http://www.bedsontimber.co.za/products/fullspecies-range.html
Canadian Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute. (2012).
Concrete Institute: CPCI. Retrieved from CPCI Web
Site:
http://www.cpci.ca/downloads/nationalinsulatedwall
.pdf
Gutro, R. (2005, February 01).
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaan/climate/climate_weather.html. Retrieved May 06,
2013, from www.nasa.gov:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaan/climate/climate_weather.html
Hasenkopf. (2013). The independent resource for architecture
and design: Archi tonic. Retrieved from Archi tonic
Web Site: http://www.architonic.com/pmsht/corianfarben-hasenkopf/1137428
Head Office at Havant. (2013, May). Independent water
company: Portsmouth Water. Retrieved from
30 | P a g e
Portsmouth Water:
http://www.portsmouthwater.co.uk/news/default2.a
spx?id=460
Met Office. (2012, March 20). What is climate?: Met Office.
Retrieved from Met Office:
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/guide/climate
Milton Glass. (2013). Glass and glazing service: Milton Glass.
Retrieved from Milton Glass Website:
http://www.miltonglassuk.co.uk/index.html
Oxford Dictionaire. (2013, May 06). Dictionary: Oxford
Dictionaries . Retrieved from Oxford Dictionaries Web
Site:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_e
nglish/wythe
Oxford Dictionaires. (2013, 05 06). Dictionary: Oxford
Dictionaries. Retrieved from Oxford Dictionaries Web
Site:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/tere
do
Oxford Dictionaires. (2013, May 06). Dictionary: Oxford
Dictionaries . Retrieved May 06, 2013, from Oxford
Dictionaries Web Site:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/clim
ate
Oxford Dictionaires. (2013).
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/clim
ate. Retrieved May 06, 2013, from Oxford
31 | P a g e
Dictionaries Web Site:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/clim
ate
Oxford Dictionaries. (2013). Dictionary: Oxford Dictionaries.
Retrieved from Oxford Dictionaries:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/terr
azzo
Solar Voltaics. (2013, Febrary 18). Supplyer of solar
photovoltaic systems: Solar Voltaics. Retrieved from
Solar Voltaics Web Site: http://www.solarvoltaics.com/portfolio/hybrid-solar-panels/
South America Tmber Corp. (n.d.). South American Tmber:
South America Tmber Corp. Retrieved from South
America Tmber Corp Web Site: http://www.satimber.com/zlzym.html
Staron. (2013). The independent resource for architecture and
design: Archi tonic. Retrieved from Archi tonic Web
Site: http://www.architonic.com/pmsht/staronmetallic-staron/1183313
32 | P a g e