Haptodiv - BioMarKs

UiO team - research, resources, and
sampling plans in Norway
University of Oslo, Department of Biology, NORWAY (P7)
Bente Edvardsen, Tom Andersen, Kjell Bjørklund, Wenche
Eikrem & Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
Kick-off meeting Biomarks, Roscoff June 2009
Outline
• Presentation of the UIO team
– department, participants, research interests, resources
• Ongoing related research projects
– BIPROPOL / AKES
– HAPTODIV
• Background to Haptophyta and some challenges
• Tasks in BioMarks
• Sampling at a station in Northern Skagerrak, Norway
Department of Biology
Research Programs
1. Center for Evolutionary and
Ecological Synthesis (CEES,
CoE)
2. Integrative Biology
3. Marine Biology
4. Microbial Evolution Research
Group
Staff
31 Professors and Associate
professors
33 Post docs
33 PhD students
24 Technical and administrative staff
Biomarks participants
Research interests:
Tom
Andersen
•biostatistics, modeling,
stoichiometry, plankton ecology
Wenche
Eikrem
•phycology, taxonomy, electron
microscopy, harmful algae
Kamran
ShalchianTabrizi
•bioinformatics, phylogeny, microbial
genomics, diversity and evolution
Kjell
Bjørklund
•marine microplankton ecology
and evolution, radiolarians
Bente
Edvardsen
•phycology, molecular systematics,
microbial diversity and ecology,
harmful algae
Technical infrastructure
DNA-sequencing service (2x ABI
Electron Microscopy Laboratory
3730 and Roche/454 GS FLX )
(TEM, FE SEM, CM, LI)
Labs for: molecular biology, plankton, microscopy,
chemistry, flow cytometry, culturing a.o.
R/V Trygve Braarud
Climate rooms and
algal culture collection
The Biological
Station in Drøbak
Ongoing related research projects
•
Biodiversity and distribution of planktonic protists in polar seas, and Antarctic
krill ecosystem (BIPROPOL and AKES) (BE, WE, TA)
•
Diversity and dynamics of marine haptophytes (HAPTODIV) (BE, WE, TA)
•
Picoplankton diversity of the South Pacific Ocean (PicoFunPac) (WE)
•
Microarrays for the detection of toxic algae (MIDTAL) (BE, WE)
•
Flagellate diversity of marine North Atlantic sandy beaches (WE, BE)
•
Radiolarian diversity in Norwegian fjords (KB, KST)
•
Bioportalen (KST)
•
Modelling phytoplankton biodiversity in the Baltic Sea (TA)
Protists in polar seas: BIPROPOL and AKES
Cruise with R/V G.O. Sars to the Atlantic Southern Ocean
Feb-March 2008.
Protists in polar seas:
3 Masterstudent projects:
• Feed biology of Antarctic krill
• Biodiversity of protists in relation to environmental
factors (T, S, nutrients, chl a) in the Atlantic Southern
Ocean
• Geographical distribution of selected diatom genera
in polar Atlantic regions
A cruise to the Arctic (north of Spitzbergen) 16-23 July with R/V
Lance is planned.
Protists in polar seas:
74
73
72
71
69
68
66
AKES 2008
65
62
63
61
59
58
56
55
53
St.
51
Fluorescence (a measure for algal biomass)
along the 15oE longitude (latitude 45-67ºS)
0
0.8
50
0.6
150
0.4
3
3
Chl a (mg/m )
Chl a (mg/m )
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0.3
200
50
50
100
100
150
200
150
st. 62
54
st. 73
250
56
Latitude °S
58
0.1
200
250
52
0.2
Depth
250
Contours at [0:0.05:.8] µug/l
300
46
48
50
0,4
0
Fluoresence / µug/l
0.5
Depth
Depth
(m)
Pressure
/ dbar
100
Fluorescence (µg/L)
0.7
60
62
64
66
From GOS AKES cruise
0report, Institute of AKES
Marine Research
Protists in polar seas:
The diatom genus Fragilariopsis (TEM)
F. separanda
F. rhomboides
F. nana
F. ritscheri
F. kerguelensis
New green picoplankton species
PICOFUNPAC
•
•
•
•
•
Samples from Biosope - South-East Pacific Central Gyre
and Isolated cultures
Coordinator: Daniel Vaulot
Partners: Dave Scanlan (UK), Oswaldo Oulla (Chile), Wenche
Eikrem (UiO, NIVA)
Co-workers: Fabien Jouenne, Florence Legall, Dominique
Marie
Financial support: French Research Council (ANR)
HAPTODIV: Diversity and dynamics of
marine haptophytes
Norwegian Research Council, 2009-2012.
Partners: UIO, UIB, NIVA, CNRS/SBR
Aim:
Reveal the biodiversity and dynamics of haptophytes from North
European coastal waters, and clarify how the species composition,
diversity and abundance are affected by environmental factors.
Emiliania
Phaeocystis
Chrysochromulina Pleurochrysis
Ecological significance of
Haptophyta
Turner, Brazos River Authority
Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC
Iceland
Prymnesium parvum in Texas
Emiliania huxleyi /
coccolithophorids
Paasche
Oslofjord
Dover cliffs
Haptophyta - some members
Phaeocystis
Canter-Lund & Lund
Prymnesium
Eikrem
Chrysochromulina
Paasche
Emiliania
Hibberd
Cros & Fortuños
Chrysotila
Calcidiscus
Pleurochrysis
General features
haptonema
2 similar,
smooth
flagella
Ill. Jahn
Throndsen
Photos: Wenche Eikrem
organic
scales
Prymnesium parvum
Ultrastructure
organic scales
flagellum
dictyosome
(Golgi body)
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
pyrenoid
Photo: Wenche Eikrem
Haptophyta 18S rDNA phylogeny
Pavlova aff. salina
Pavlova gyrans
Pavlova CCMP1416
99/100
Pavlova CCMP 1394
100/100 Phaeocystis sp. 1
OLI51004
Phaeocystis globosa
99/
100/100
Phaeocystis pouchetii
100
96/75 Phaeocystis antarctica
Phaeocystis sp. 2
100/100 OLI51059
OLI51033, OLI51056
Chrysochromulina hirta
99/67
Chrysochromulina kappa
97/100
Chrysochromulina polylepis
66/Prymnesium calathiferum
98/97
Prymnesium parvum
-/60
Prymnesium patelliferum
75/86
100/100 Prymnesium nemamethecum
Imantonia rotunda
100/100 Chrysochromulina acantha
100/100
Chrysochromulina throndsenii
Chrysochromulina scutellum
73/99
Chrysochromulina campanulifera
76/57
58/89
OLI16108
79/89
OLI26017
OLI51102
79/98
66/98
OLI16029
100/100 Cruciplacolithus neohelis
Coccolithus pelagicus
98/98
Reticulosphaera japonensis
Pleurochrysis sp. CCMP 875
99/99 100/100
Pleurochrysis elongata
Pleurochrysis carterae
93/74
99/99 CCMP 300
100/100
Isochrysis galbana
Emiliania huxleyi/Gephyrocapsa oceanica
65/89
100/100 CCMP 625
OLI51050
OLI26041 CLADE E
100/100
100/100 OLI16010
OLI51080
CLADE D
76/65
OLI26047
60/60
OLI51076
Crypthecodinium
100/100
100/100
87/57
}
2%
}
CLADE A
}
}
Phaeocystales
CLADE B1
Prymnesiales
CLADE B2
}
CLADE C
Coccolithales
Isochrysidales
}
Fucus
From Edvardsen et al. 2000.
ML- analysis
Haplo-diploid life cycle in
Chrysochromulina polylepis
Flow cytometric ploidy analysis
alternate
authentic
Edvardsen & Vaulot 1996
Edvardsen et al. 1996
What are the influencing factors on
Chrysochromulina abundance?
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.2
Cells*106 l-1
0.8
1.0
Chrysochromulina spp.
1990
1992
1994
1996
Year
PO4
0.6
1998
NO3
10
2002
NO2
0.6
5
0.2
0.0
0
2.0
2000
NH4
SiO4
4
0.5
Tot N
25
8
15
0
Tot P
Part.P
1.0
0.25
0.4
0.05
(NO2+NO3):PO4
80
40
0
NO3:PO4
80
Tot N: Tot P
Chla:NO3
40
20
20
10
0
0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
NO3:SiO4
2
20
0
6
4
40
40
Lekve et al. 2006
60
0
Chla:SiO4
150
Chla:PO4
50
0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
year
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
PCA to find forcing factors
0.5
(NO2+NO3) : PO4
NO3 : PO4
NO3 : SiO4
Second principal component
0.4
Tot N
Tot N: Tot P
0.3
NH4
NO3
0.2
Chl a : PO4
Chl a : SiO4
0.1
Part.P
SiO4
0.0
Chl a : NO3
PO4
Tot P
-0.1
-0.4
NO2
-0.2
0.0
First principal component
Lekve et al. 2006
0.2
Taxonomic challenges in Haptophyta
• They are small (3-30 µm) and difficult to identify to
species
• Most non-calcifying species require electron
microscopy for identification
• Many (>20) species are known, but not formally
described
• Environmental sequences indicate large unknown
diversity
• Heteromorphic life cycles may reduce the number of
species
• A need for taxonomic revision of polyphyletic taxa
Haptodiv
Questions:
•
Which haptophytes are present and how are they distributed in
space and time?
•
How do biodiversity, species composition and abundance
correlate with physical, chemical and biological factors?
•
Do viruses affect species composition in haptophyte
communities?
•
When and where do alternating life cycle stages occur and
what are their role?
Methodology:
–
To meet these question we need to further develop the methodology for
quantification of haptophytes to species level
–
We will use 454-sequencing, clone libraries, cultures of haptophytes and
viruses, DNA-sequencing, molecular probes, flow cytometry, PFGE,
microscopy (LM,EM) and statistical analyses and models
Possible tasks within BioMarks
• Sampling and measurements from one station in
Northern Skagerrak, N Atlantic
• Microscopy, culturing, taxonomy of selected groups
• PCR for pyrosequencing of selected groups
• Analysis of 454-sequence data
• Statistical analyses of data from the Norwegian
station and of selected groups (e.g. haptophytes)
Sampling in outer Oslofjord (Northern
Skagerrak) in Biomarks
Oslo
Sampling at OF,
during 2009-2011:
BioMarks: 3 times
HaptoDiv: 8 times
MIDTAL: 20 times
OF
F
T
S
CTD profiles
Conductivity
Temperature
Depth
70’ (21,8 m)
long
TRYGVE BRAARUD
Crew of 3
Sampling in outer Oslofjord with
R/V Trygve Braarud
28 May 2009
Thank you for your attention!
Photo: Stein Kaartvedt, UiO from the IMR GOS AKES cruise 2008 to Southern Ocean