Nastasia Merceron Présentation

Control of Acer negundo
insights from experimental and
physiological studies
Merceron N., Lamarque L.J., Brogniez S., Ducournau Y., Buyle S., Degrave L.,
Roudie J., Felis O., Moreau A., Vernin P., Guengant Y., Delzon S., Porté A.J.
[email protected]
4th International Symposium on Weeds and Invasive Plants,
Montpellier, 19-23 May 2014
1
Target species : Boxelder maple (Acer negundo)
Light green foliage
Seed dispersal by
wind and water
Fast-growing
Resprouts from
the stump
Dioecious species
Source : urban plantations
2
Distribution areas
introduced in Europe in 1689 (GB)
around 1749 in France
Native range
Lamarque LJ, PhD (2013)
Invasive range
3
Invaded habitats
Local distribution
Riparian forests and wetlands
Fraxinus sp,
Quercus sp
= LATESUCCESSIONAL
SPECIES
Acer negundo
=
INTERMEDIATE
POSITION +
RIVERBANKS
Salix sp,
Populus sp,
Alnus sp
= PIONEER
SPECIES
4
Negundo negatively impacts native tree species
Density
Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
5
Negundo dominates native tree species
Frequency
1
Adults
0.8
Acer negundo
Native tree species
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
Acer
Fraxinus Alnus Salix alba Populus Sambucus Ulmus
negundo excelsior glutinosa
nigra
nigra
minor
Saplings
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
Acer
Fraxinus Prunus
negundo excelsior spinosa
Ulmus
minor
Populus Corylus Sambucus Salix alba Quercus Crataegus Alnus
nigra
avellana
nigra
robur monogyna glutinosa
Methods in Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
Corylus Crataegus Prunus Quercus
avellana monogyna spinosa
robur
0
Seedlings
Acer
Quercus Fraxinus
negundo robur excelsior
Ulmus
minor
Corylus Salix alba Prunus Populus SambucusCrataegus Alnus
avellana
spinosa
nigra
nigra monogyna glutinosa
6
Local context : ecological and economic impacts
• River bank collapse
• Lower nesting
• Production and conservation concerns :
 Replacement of Populus (paper pulp), Alnus (energy)
 Protected areas
7
Questions ?
Can we control
Acer negundo
establishment?
In which way?
8
Main methods to control invasive trees
Mortality rate (%) of resprouting invasive species
100
80
60
All species
Acer sp
40
20
0
Biological Chemical Mechanical
Review 50 articles
9
Main methods to control invasive trees
Mortality rate (%) of resprouting invasive species
100
80
60
Prohibited in natural areas
(wetlands, forests …)
40
All species
Acer sp
20
0
Biological Chemical Mechanical
Review 50 articles
10
Experimental sites
Experiment
setting up
1st year of
measurements
2nd year of
measurements
11
Experimental sites
1%1% 0%
0%
7%
Salles
11%
91%
Acer negundo
Populus sp
Alnus glutinosa
Ulmus minor
Carpinus betulus
Quercus robur
4% 1%
1% 0%
22%
72%
Bruges
3% 1% 0%
16%
69%
Acer negundo
Fraxinus excelsior
Ulmus minor
Quercus robur
Alnus glutinosa
Platanus sp.
Marestaing
Acer negundo
Ulmus minor
Fraxinus excelsior
Alnus glutinosa
Populus alba
Salix alba
12
Experimental treatments
Cutting
Large girdling
Juglone
1.30 m
1.30 m
0.20 m
0.20 m
C
H
G
J
Cutting
High cutting
Girdling
Cutting +
Juglone
13
Experimental treatments
High cutting
Large girdling
Juglone
1.30 m
1.30 m
0.20 m
0.20 m
C
H
G
J
Cutting
High cutting
Girdling
Cutting +
Juglone
14
Experimental treatments
Girdling
Large girdling
Juglone
1.30 m
1.30 m
0.20 m
0.20 m
C
H
G
J
Cutting
High cutting
Girdling
Cutting +
Juglone
15
Experimental treatments
Juglone
Juglone =
allelopathic
substance
with
herbicide
properties
Large girdling
Juglone
1.30 m
1.30 m
0.20 m
0.20 m
C
H
G
J
Cutting
High cutting
Girdling
Cutting +
Juglone
16
Experimental treatments
Measurments :
• Mortality : mortality rate (%)
Juglone =
allelopathic
substance
with
herbicide
properties
• Vitality : diameter of the five
largest resprouts
Large girdling
Juglone
1.30 m
1.30 m
0.20 m
0.20 m
C
H
G
J
Cutting
High cutting
Girdling
Cutting +
Juglone
17
Mortality rate (%)
100
Percentage
80
b
60
40
20
a
A
A
A
a
a
A
0
Cutting
Girdling
High cutting
Juglone
Treatments
N+1
N+2
Mortality rate by girdling best method
18
Diameter of resprouts
12
A
Diameter (cm)
10
8
6
A
a
B
b
c
4
C
d
2
0
Cutting
Girdling
High cutting
Juglone
Treatments
N+1
N+2
Girdling limits diameter of resprouts
19
Control method of A. negundo in natural areas
 Adults: girdling
• Control rather than eradication
• 2-3 year long
• Stand level method
Seedlings: removal
• No germination
• No seed rain
• Long distance dispersal?
Scars reconstructing
the phloem tissues
20
High level of plasticity to nutrients and Light
• Growth (Relative Growth Rate)
12
Invasive
Native
RGRh (10-3. mm. mm-1. d-1)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Full light
C
Light Sshade DeepSS
Shade
N+
Nutrient Supply
FullClight
Light Sshade DeepSS
Shade
N-
No Nutrient Supply
Beware of an opening in forest cover
Adapted from Porté et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
21
Take Home Message
 No eradication but local elimination and control
 Girdling and seedling removal : best methods
•Beware of timing
•Beware of light and nutrients availability
22
The Negundo Team
And all the people from the Gers river management center, Bruges
National Reserve, Natural Park of Landes de Gascogne, Pierroton
23
Hermitage Experimental Unit
[email protected]