Changes in Matter - Pearson SuccessNet

Physical Science
by Lorrie Oestreicher
Genre
Nonfiction
Comprehension Skill
Cause and Effect
Text Features
• Captions
• Glossary
Science Content
Changes in
Matter
Scott Foresman Science 3.11
ISBN 0-328-13838-X
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Vocabulary
What did you learn?
chemical change
1. What are three states of matter?
mixture
2. Why is cutting paper a physical change?
physical change
3. Is a salad a mixture? Why or why not?
solution
4.
In this book you
read about dissolving salt in water. Write to
explain why it is a mixture and how you could
demonstrate this. Use details from the book
as you write.
5.
Cause and Effect What causes water
to turn into ice? What is the effect on the state
of matter?
Changes in Matter
by Lorrie Oestreicher
states of matter
Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott
Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom
(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (Bkgd) ©John Gillmoure/Corbis, (Bkgd) ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; Title Page: ©Garry
Black/Masterfile Corporation; 2 ©Robb DeWall; 6 ©Garry Black/Masterfile Corporation; 10 ©Stone/
Getty Images; 12 (BR, BL) ©DK Images; 13 (CL) ©Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (CR) Dave
King/Pitt Rivers Museum/University of Oxford/©DK Images; 14 ©Stone/Getty Images; 15 ©Doug Scott/
Age Fotostock
ISBN: 0-328-13838-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For
information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,
1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What are physical changes
in matter?
Making a Physical Change
Workers are carving this mountain into a statue of
the Native American leader Crazy Horse. They must
blast away and hammer bits of rock to do this.
The workers are causing a physical change to
the mountain. A physical change is when matter
changes the way it looks but does not become a new
kind of matter. This mountain looks different. Its
shape has changed. But it is still a solid mountain.
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3
Some Ways to Cause Physical Change
The clothes and paper in these pictures have gone
Water can change its state of matter. Freeze a cup
of water. It turns into ice. It changed from a liquid to
through physical changes. The clothes were folded.
a solid. The state changed, but the kind of matter did
The paper was cut.
not. Water and ice are the same kind of matter. If you
One kind of physical change is when matter
changes form, or state. States of matter are the
melt the ice, it is still water. Its state changed from a
solid back to a liquid.
different forms matter can have. They are solid, liquid,
and gas. The state of matter can change. But the kind
of matter stays the same.
This water is
a solid.
Folding clothes
causes a physical
change.
4
This water is
a liquid.
Cutting paper causes
a physical change.
5
Changes in temperature can cause matter to
Ice is water in a solid state. It can change to a
change its state. If you boil water, its state changes.
liquid. Hold an ice cube in your fist. The particles in
It evaporates. That means it changes into a gas called
a solid vibrate in place. The heat from your hand
water vapor. A physical change takes place. The gas
changes it. The heat makes the particles slide past
is still a form of water. But you cannot see it. The
one another. You feel water drip from your hand. A
water particles are far apart in the air. The water
physical change takes place. But the kind of matter is
has changed state. But it has not become a new
still the same.
kind of matter.
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7
What are some ways
to combine matter?
Some mixtures are very easy to separate. The coins
are easy to separate. A strainer can help separate
some mixtures. The bigger matter stays in the strainer.
The smaller matter passes through the holes. A sand
Mixtures
and iron mixture is harder to separate. A magnet can
Each coin you see below is made up of matter.
pull the iron out. The sand is left behind.
Putting different coins together makes up a mixture.
A mixture is made of two or more kinds of matter
that are placed together. There can be different
amounts of each kind of matter in a mixture.
In mixtures, the matter does not change into new
A strainer helps separate
the parts of this marble
and sand mixture.
matter. You can separate each kind of matter from
the others.
A magnet can
help separate this
mixture of sand
and iron.
How many of each
type of coin make
up this mixture?
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9
Solutions
Solutions can be separated since they are mixtures.
Mix lemonade powder and water together. The
Salt dissolves in water. You can separate this mixture if
lemonade powder will look as if it has disappeared.
you boil the salt water. The water evaporates. The salt
But it is still there. Its particles have just become
is left.
too small for you to see. The powder has dissolved,
Both the lemonade and the salt dissolved in water.
or broken down, in the water. It is now a solution.
But even these changes are just physical changes. The
A solution forms when one or more substances
kind of matter in each solution is still the same.
dissolve in another. It is a kind of mixture. You
cannot see the powder. But you know it is there
when you taste the lemonade.
There are many kinds of solutions. Soda is a
solution. Carbon dioxide gas and other substances
are dissolved in water to make soda.
Straining doesn’t
separate the salt from
salt water.
This glass of lemonade
is a solution.
The carbon dioxide
gas dissolved in this
soda is escaping.
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11
What are chemical
changes in matter?
Forming Different Materials
Have you ever watched bread being made? It starts
Chemical changes can happen quickly or slowly.
Fire changes paper or wood into ashes. It takes only
minutes. Rust forms on an iron chain very slowly
over time. The iron changes into rust. A new kind of
matter forms.
You cannot often get the original matter back after
as a mixture. Flour, water, baking powder, and other
it has gone through a chemical change. You cannot
ingredients are mixed in a bowl. After it is baked, you
easily change the rust back into iron. You cannot
have bread. Baking the bread in an oven causes a
change the ashes back into paper. You cannot change
chemical change. During a chemical change, one
bread back into its ingredients.
kind of matter changes into a different kind of matter.
The heat of the oven causes a new substance to form.
Bread is the result.
Rusting is a slow
chemical change.
Baking bread causes a
chemical change.
12
Burning is a fast
chemical change.
13
Using Chemical Changes
Another chemical change lets you use your CD
player. You push the buttons to play it. Chemicals
We use chemical changes every day. When we eat
combine inside the batteries. New substances form.
food, chemical changes take place. As the food moves
A small amount of electricity is produced. Now you
through your body, it changes. It gives your body
can hear your favorite music.
energy. It helps you grow.
Cars burn gasoline when they run. The chemical
change sends energy through the car engine.
Matter can change in many ways. It can change
states. It can be combined in different ways. These
changes make many things possible.
Chemical changes help make things easier to do.
Soap causes chemical changes that remove stains.
Chemical changes turn
milk into cheese.
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Glossary
Vocabulary
What did you learn?
chemical change
1. What are three states of matter?
chemical change
mixture
a change of one kind of matter
into a different kind of matter
2. Why is cutting paper a physical change?
mixture
two or more kinds of matter
3. Is a salad a mixture? Why or why not?
solution
placed together
4.
physical
change
states
of matter
a change in which matter looks
In this book you
read about dissolving salt in water. Write to
explain why it is a mixture and how you could
demonstrate this. Use details from the book
as you write.
5.
Cause and Effect What causes water
to turn into ice? What is the effect on the state
of matter?
physical change
different but does not become a
new kind of matter
solution
when one or more substances
dissolve in another
states of matter
the forms that matter can take:
solid, liquid, or gas
Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott
Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom
(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (Bkgd) ©John Gillmoure/Corbis, (Bkgd) ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; Title Page: ©Garry
Black/Masterfile Corporation; 2 ©Robb DeWall; 6 ©Garry Black/Masterfile Corporation; 10 ©Stone/
Getty Images; 12 (BR, BL) ©DK Images; 13 (CL) ©Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (CR) Dave
King/Pitt Rivers Museum/University of Oxford/©DK Images; 14 ©Stone/Getty Images; 15 ©Doug Scott/
Age Fotostock
ISBN: 0-328-13838-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For
information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,
1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
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