Calculating Travelling Time File

Calculating Travelling Time
Organising a Journey
What information is required?- what information do you need?
Starting point, specific points on the journey to its end?
What other factors need to be considered when
planning a route?
Answer: weather, experience of the group,
landscape, distance.
This landscape shows how contours are used to show loss and
gain in altitude. Every contour on an Ordnance map is 1:25,00
which is equivalent to 10 metres.
How much gain is there from sea level to the highest point?
Answer:
50 metres = 5 contours x 10 metres = 50
metres
Planning a route
Contour Lines
A way to work out altitude
on a map
When out walking it is easy to see
the height of a mountain.
On a one dimensional map height is
represented by contour lines.
Contours
‘A way to work out altitude on a map
’
Part of an Ordnance
map showing contours
Contours are always
orange/light brown in colour.
One contour shows us a rise of
10 metres.
Contours are always round.
We can use say - a 10m
rise on a map takes 1
minute to walk.
Timing a route or journey
‘there is no guesswork’
One of the basic skills for a mountain leader is to be able to calculate time for a journey, although
there are many factors that influence the time of a journey, ‘Naismiths’ rule is used in this calculation.
Which factors affect the timing of a journey?
Naismith’s Rule
Naismith’s Rule for calculating speed/distance travel
William M. Naismith was a Scottish Mountaineer who in
1892 developed a rule of thumb for calculating distances
on a hiking expedition. This rule has become known as
Naismith’s rule and is thought to navigators all over the
world.
In order to estimate the time a walk/expedition will take,
a simple formula can be used as illustrated by the table -
Distance Travelled
Speed
kilometres per hour
meters
5
4
3
2
1000m
12min
15min
20min
30min
800m
10min
12min
16min
24min
700m
9min
11min
14min
21min
500m
6min
7 1/2min
10min
15min
400m
5min
6min
8min
12min
200m
2 1/2min
3min
4min
6min
100m
1 1/2min
1 1/2min
2min
3min
Naismith’s Rule
Example;
Distance
Travelled
Speed
kilometres per hour
meters
5
4
3
2
1000m
12min
15min
20min
30min
800m
10min
12min
16min
24min
700m
9min
11min
14min
21min
500m
6min
7 1/2min
10min
15min
400m
5min
6min
8min
12min
200m
2 1/2min
3min
4min
6min
100m
1 1/2min
1 1/2min
2min
3min
Walking 1000meters at 3kilometers an hour will take = 20 minutes
Walking 2300mtrs at 3 km/hr = 2000 mtrs – 40min
200 mtrs – 4min
100 mtrs - 2min
Total
= 46 mins
When walking in the hills you will need to add the time it takes to gain height
e.g. 10 meters will take 1minute.
For example;
A 30 meter gain = 3 x 1 minute = 3 minutes
A 300 meter gain = 30 x 1 minute = 30 minutes
3km
2km
.5km
150 m
300 m
400 m
Formula for calculating time using Naismith’s Rule
1.5km
.3km
Uphill
(3000m @ 3km/h = 60min) + (300mts @ 10m/min = 30 mins) = 90mins
( 500m @ 3km/h = 10min) + (400mts @ 10m/min = 40 mins) = 50mins
( 300m @ 3km/h = 6min) + (150mts @ 10m/min = 15 mins) = 21mins
Total uphill =151 mins
Flat/ Downhill
2000m @ 3km/h = 40min
1500m @ 3km/h = 30min
800m @ 3km/h = 16min
Total flat = 86 mins
Total journey time = 237 mins
.8km
Journeying time test
300mts
200mts
2km
3km
150mts
1km
3km
1.5km
800mts
600mts
400mts
4.4km
3km
400mts
1km
2km
3km
1km1km 1km
150mts
3.5km
350mts
2km
200mts
1km 1km 2.5km
250mts
1.2km 1km 2.2km
1.5km
2km
180mts
2.8km
3km
Journeying test Answers
Example 1 = 280 mins + 65 mins(h) = 275mins
2 = 320 mins + 215mins (h) = 535mins
3 = 404mins + 118 mins (h) = 522mins
Tranters Corrections
Tranter has devised an adjustment to Naismith’s rule which takes into account the
individuals fitness ability
Time taken to climb 300m in 800m
Individual
fitness in
minutes
Times taken in hours estimated using Naismith's Rule
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
15 very fit
1
1.5
2
2.25
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.75
7.75
10
12.5
14.5
17
19.5
22
24
20
1.25
2.25
3.25
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.75
8.75
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
23
25
1.5
3
4.25
5.5
7
8.5
10
11.5
13.25
15
17.5
30
2
3.5
5
6.75
8.5
10.5
12.5
14.5
40
2.75
4.25
5.75
7.5
9.5
11.5
50 unfit
3.25
4.75
6.5
8.5
Too much to be attempted
Limit Line
20kg load being carried
- drop one fitness level
Conditions underfoot
- drop one or more fitness levels according to conditions
Conditions overhead
- drop one level for journey at night or if wind is against you