AtLas of Human Anatomy Volume 2 Trurk, Viscera, Lower Limb

Transcription

AtLasof HumanAnatomy
Editedby R. PutzandR. Pabst
with RenatePutz
ln collaboration
T r a n s t a t i obny S . B e d o u i
Volume2
Trurk, Viscera,LowerLimb
1 4 t he d i t i o nn, e w t ye d i t e d
7 0 4c o t o u rp t a t e sw i t h 9 1 4t i g u r e s
URBANT FISCHER
M t i n c h e n. J e n a
Atlasof HumanAnatomy
Volume2
LowerLimb
Trunk,Viscera,'
Correspondenceand feedbackshould be addressedto:
E l s e v i e rG m b H ,U r b a n& F i s c h e rV e r l a g ,D e p a r t m e n ft o r M e d r c aS
I t u d e n tI n f o r m a t i o nA, l e x a n d e rG a t t n a r z i kK, a r l s t r a B e4 5 , 8 0 3 3 3M u n i c h ,G e r m a n y
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D i e D e u t s c h eB i b t i o t h e lki s t st h i s p u b t i c a t i oinn t h e D e u t s c h eN a t i o n a t bibtiografied
; e t a i t e db i b t i o g r a p h i cd a t a i s a v a i t a b t ei n t h e I n t e r n e t a t
h t t p : / / d n bd d b d e
Att rights reserved
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0 2 0 0 6 E t s e v i eG
r m b H ,M u n i c h
U r b a n& F i s c h e rV e r t a gi s a n i m p r i n t o f E l s e v i e rG m b H
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V o t u m e1 : H e a d ,N e c k ,U p p e rL i m b
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T h i sa t t a sw a s f o u n d e db y J o h a n n e sS o b o t t a t f, o r m e rP r o f e s s oor f A n a t o m y
a n d D i r e c t o ro f t h e A n a t o m i c aIln s t i t u t eo f t h e U n i v e r s i toy f B o n n ,G e r m a n y .
German Editions:
l s t E d i t i o n :1 9 0 4 - 1 9 0 7J . F . L e h m a n n sV e r [ a g ,M u n i c h
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12 r h - 2 0 rEhd i t i o n: 19 4 8 -19 9 3 Ur b a n & S c h w a r z e n b e r gM, u n i c h
1 3 t hE d i t i o n1: 9 5 3 e, d i t o rH . B e c h e r
1 4 t hE d i t i o n1: 9 5 6 e, d i t o rH B e c h e r
1Sth
E d i t i o n1: 9 5 7 e, d i t o rH B e c h e r
1 6 t hE d i t i o n1: 9 6 7 e, d i t o rH B e c h e r
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2 0 r hE d i t i o n1: 9 9 3 e, d i t o r sR P u t za n d R P a b s t
2 1 ' tE d i t i o n : 2 0 0 0e ,d i t o r sR P u t za n d R P a b s t ,U r b a n& F i s c h e V
r ertag,
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, d i t o r sR P u t za n d R P a b s t E
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r m b H ,M u n i c h
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B o h n S t a f t e uv a n L o g h u m ,H o u t e n
E n g t i s hE d i t i o nl w i t hn o m e n c l a t u rien E n g t i s h )
A t l a s o f H u m a nA n a t o m y
L i p p i n c o tW
t i t t i a m s& W i t k i n s
E n g t i s hE d i t i o nl w i t h n o m e n c L a t u rien L a t r n l
A t l a s o f H u m a nA n a t o m y
E l s e v i eG
r m b H ,U r b a n& F i s c h e r
F r e n c hE d i t i o n
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T e c& D o c L a v o i s i e rP
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M a r i aG P a r i s s i a n oA
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M a r i aG P a r r s s r a n o A
s ,t h e n s
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I n s a nA n a t o m i sAi t l a s i
B e t a B a s i mY a y i mD a g i t i m ,l s t a n b u l
Contents
vl
Preface
Abdominat viscera
128-181
...128-133
1-1.5 Stomach,Gaster.
. . 134-137
Smatl.intestine,Intestinumtenue .
S u r f a c ea n a t o m y
1
138-141
L a r g ei n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u mc r a s s u m
Vertebralcotumn,Cotumnavertebratis
2-25
, e s i c ab i t i a r i s ,
L i v e r ,H e p a r ,g a t t b t a d d e rV
M u s c L eos f t h e b a c k ,M u s c u t d
i o r s i ,s u b o c c i p i t a L
..... 142-151
a n d b i t ed u c ts y s t e m
m u s c t e sM
, u s c u t si u b o c c i p i t a t easn, d m u s c l e s
152-155
P a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s
of the neck, MusculicoLl.i. . .
26-34
156
S p l e e nS
, p t e n[ L i e n J
C o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cs e c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e v e r t e b r a I
157
, a v i t a sp e r i t o n e a t i sd,e v e t o p m e n.t .
P e r i t o n e acI a v i t yC
column
35
, i t u sv i s c e r u m . . . 1 5 8 - 1 6 7
L o c a t i o no f t h e a b d o m i n avI i s c e r aS
V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e b a c ka n d t h e o c c i p i t a L
168
A b d o m i n aal r t e r i e s o
, verview
regron .
3 6 - 4 0 A b d o m i n avl e i n s ,o v e r v i e w
169
V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e v e r t e b r a cl a n a l .
4 1 - 1 + 5 C o e t i a ct r u n c a n d s u p e r i o ra s w e [ [ a s i n f e r i o r
m e s e n t e r i ca r t e r i e sa n d v e i n s ,T r u n c u sc o e [ i a c u s ,
A r t e r i a ee t V e n a em e s e n t e r i c aseu p e r i o re t i n f e r i o r 170-178
1,6-73 Vessetsand nervesof the retroperitonealspace . . . .
T h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n a w
I a[[
179
1
8
0
-181
h
e
p
a
t
i
s
S u r f a caen a t o m y
46
Back
R i b sC
, o s t a et h, o r a c i.c. u i , u ,b . u . . t f ' o r . . i ,
S t e r n u mS, t e r n u m
. ... .
M u s c L eos f t h e t h o r a x ,M u s c u Lt ih o r a c i s a, n d
a b d o m i n am
I u s c t e sM
, u s c u [a
i bdominis
I n g u i n acI a n a [. .
D i a p h r a g mD, i a p h r a g m a
B r e a s tM
, amma ..
V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n aw
I aLt
S e g m e n t asI e n s o r yi n n e r v a t i o n
, l e x u s[ u m b o s a c r a I i s
L u m b o s a c r apLt e x u s P
A n t e r i o ra b d o m i n aw
l at[ . .
S e c t i o n st h r o u g ht h e a b d o m i n aw
I at[. . .
.
Heart,Cor
T r a c h e aT, r a c h e a
L u n g sP, u L m o n e. s. .
S h a o eo f t h e h e a r t
Bronchoscopy
Projection
o f t r a c h e a [, u n g sa n d p [ e u r a Ib o r d e r s . . . . .
0 e s o p h a g u s0, e s o p h a g u s
ThymusT
, hymus
P [ e u r a cI a v i t y C
, a v i t a sp [ e u r a t i sa, n d m e d i a s t i n u m ,
Mediastinum
Aorta,Aorta
Posteriom
r ediastinum
A u t o n o m o unse r v o u s y s t e m P
, a r s a u t o n o m i c. a. . . . .
P h r e n i cn e r v e ,N e r y u sp h r e n i c u s
S e c t i o n st h r o u q ht h e t h o r a x
1+7-49
50-51
space 182-251
PelvicvisceraandretroperitoneaI
52-59 K i d n e yR, e nl N e p h r o s l
...... 182-1BB
6 0 - 61 S u p r a r e n a I g l . a nGdL,a n d u it .r p . " r " n . i i r . . . : : : : : . . .
189
62-63 U r i n a r y b t a d d e r , V e s i c a u r i n a r i a
.....150-191
64-65 M a L e u r i n a r y a n d g e n i t a l o r g a n s .
....192-199
6 6 Femaleurinaryand genitalorgans .
. . 200-209
6 7 R e c t u m ,R e c t u m
.. 210-215
6 B R e n a l a r t e r yA, r t e r i ar e n a t i s
216
69-71 O r g a n so f t h e r e t r o p e r i t o n e as lp a c e
217
7 2 - 7 3 Vessetsand nervesof the retroperitoneaIspace . . . . . 218-221
71-127
74-89
90-91
222
lnnervatioo
n f m a t eg e n i t a t i a
223
lnnervatioo
n f f e m a l eg e n i t a t i a
..... 224-225
l n t e r n a pl e t v i ca r t e r i e s
.....226-229
Petvicviscera
, a L ea n d f e m a t e
P e L v idc i a p h r a g ma n d p e r i n e u m m
230-2/+1
e x t e r n ag
l enitatia
242-261
S e c t i o n st h r o u g ha b d o m e na n d p e t v i s
92-100
101
102
103
Lowertimb..
104-109
1 1 0 - 1 1 1 S u r f a c ea n a t o m y
B o n e s j,o i n t s ,[ t g a m e n t s
112-113 M u s c t e so f t h e L o w e rt i m b . .
1 1 / + Vessetsand nerves
11s-116
117
118
-127
119
Appendix
tnoex
.....262-381
262
263-305
306-343
344-379
380-384
385-399
. . .. 385-399
Preface
I t w a s j u s t o v e r a h u n d r e dy e a r sa g o t h a t J o h a n n e sS o b o t t as e t
o u t t o p u b t i s ht h e f i r s t e d i t i o no f h i s A t [ a s o f H u m a nA n a t o m y .
S i n c et h e n ,t h i s p i e c eo f w o r k h a s e v o l v e ds t e p b y s t e p a s a r e s u L to f t h e c o n s t a n ti n t e r a c t i o nb e t w e e ns t u d e n t s [, e c t u r e r sa n d
e d i t o r s .l t h a s n o t o n t yb e e nt h e m o s t m o d e r nb a s i sf o r t h e c o m p t e xs u b j e c to f m a c r o s c o p i ac n a t o m yt h r o u g h o u m
t a n yg e n e r a t i o n s o f d o c t o r s ,b u t h a s a L s od e v e t o p e di n t o a L a s t i n gw o r k o f
reference
f o r b o t hc t i n i c atIr a i n i n ga n d a d v a n c e dm e d i c a e
Lducat i o n .A t Li n a L l .i ,t h a s b e c o m ea b o o kf o r a m e d i c a Id o c t o r ' sL i f e .
0 n c e a g a i n ,i n t h i s n e w e d i t i o nt h e a d d i t i o n afIi g u r e sh a v eb e e n
d r a w ns t r i c t t yo n t h e b a s i so f o r i g i n a I s p e c i m e n s
T h e 1 4 t he d i t i o nh a s b e e np a r t i c u t a r l .dye s i g n e dt o m e e t t h e d e m a n d so f a r e f o r m e dm e d i c a cI u r r i c u t u m e, m p h a s i z i n tgh e i n t e g r a t i o no f c L i n i c am
I e d i c i n ei n t o t h e p r e c L i n i c acLu r r i c u L u mF. o r
t h i s p u r p o s e t, h e n e w e d i t i o nh a s b e e ne x t e n d e dt o i n c l u d et h e
f o l t o w i n gf e a t u r e s :
- S u r f a c e a n a t o m y i n c l u d i n g p r o j e c t i o no f i n t e r n a I o r g a n s
[ 4 5 c o L o u pr h o t o s ]
- AnatomicaIdiagram
n es x tt o i m a g i n gf i g u r e s
- I n t e g r a t i o no f i m a g i n gt e c h n i q u e st o a g r e a t e re x t e n t{ u [ t r a s o u n d ,X - r a y ,C T ,M R I ;11 9 f i g u r e s l
- E n d o s c o p i ci n
, t r a o p e r a t i vceo [ o u ri m a g e sa n d f i g u r e se x e m p L i f y i ntge c h n i q u e so f p u n c t u r ea n d e x a m i n a t i o (n5 4f i g u r e s l
- l m a g e so f p a t i e n t sp r e s e n t i n g
w i t h t y p i c a lp. a [ s i e s
- D i a g r a m so f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n a
t r t e r i a lv a r i a t i o n s( 9 3f i g u r e s l
- F r e q u e nvt a r i a t i o n si n t h e [ o c a t i o no f i n t e r n a Lo r g a n s[ 2 1 f*i g uresl
- I n t e g r a t i o no f h i s t o L o gayt l o w m a g n i f i c a t i o o
n f i m p o r t a n ti n t e r n a Io r g a n s{ i n t e s t i n eL, i v e rk, i d n e y e, t c . )
l n o r d e r t o i m p r o v et h e p r e s e n t a t i o o
n f t h e k n o w t e d g et,h e f o L l o w i n gf e a t u r e sh a v eb e e ni n t r o d u c e d :
- C L e a r - c uatr r a n g e m e not f t h e c h a p t e r sa c c o r d i n g
to the differe n t r e g i o n so f t h e b o d y
- T h e m a t i c a t tcyo r r e s p o n d i nf g
i g u r e sp r e s e n t e d
pages
ondoubLe
- A c o n c i s e ,s e p a r a t eb o o k t e t( i n c t u d e di n V o t u m e1 l c o n t a i n s
t a b t e so f m u s c t e s j, o i n t s a n d n e r v e s ,e n a b I i n gt h e r e a d e rt o
p t a c ei t n e x tt o a n y f i g u r ei n t h e a t [ a s
0 n e p a r t i c u t a ra i m o f t h e n e w e d i t i o ni s t o f a c i t i t a t ef i n d i n go f
s p e c i f i cs t r u c t u r e sT. h e S 0 B 0 T T Ad e p i c t sa n a t o m i c asI t r u c t u r e s
precisetw
y i t h o u tt h e r e a d e rL o o s i n tgh e g r e a t e rp r c t u r eT. h e r e f o r e ,s p e c i f i cd i d a c t i ct o o L sh a v eb e e ni m p r o v e da n d n e w a s p e c t s
inc[uded:
- E a c hc h a p t e rh a s b e e na t l o c a t e dt o a p a r t i c u L acro t o u r
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s u g g e s t i o n sD. r . N . S o k o L oav n d A . B u c h h o r nh a v ep u t m e t i c u l o u s e f f o r t si n t o g e n e r a t i n gt h e s p e c i m e np r e p a r a t i o n sS. . F r y k
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1978
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1979
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1982-1989
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1992-1994
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h ,. ( H r s g . S
s i s t o t o g i e ,A6u. f l . ,
U n i v e r s i t oy f M u n i c hl F i g 2 9 3 , 2 9 4 , 3 1 0 , 3 1 24,4 9 ,t + 5 ,1
U r b a n& F i s c h e rM, r i n c h e2n0 0 2l F i g .10 3 7 ,10 8 5 ,112 5a , b )
7 6 9 - 7 7 28, 0 7 - 8 1 0 ,1 2 5 5 ,1 2 8 6 ,1 2 8 7 ,1 3 1 7 ,1 3 1 8 1
W i c k eL, . :A t l a sd e rR d n t g e n a n a t o m
e ,u f L . ,
3 i.A
P D D r .R a u ,D e p a r t m e not f R a d i o L o gU
yf Freiburg
U r b a n& S c h w a r z e n b eM
r qt ,i n c h e n - W i e n - B a L t i 1
m9o8r 5
e
lFis. 912,925,9261
( F i q9 4 3a l
Spinascapulae
Scapula,
Angulusinferior
M. latissimus
dorsi
M. erectorspinae
Articulatiosacroiliaca
M gluteusmaximus
VertebralumbalisV,
Proc spinosus
Fig.728 Back,Dorsum;
surfaceanatomv.
Regio cervicalis posteriol
Lineamedianaoosterior
Lineaoaravertebralis
Lineascapularis
Lineaaxillarisoosterior
Regiointrascapularis
Fig.729 Regionsand orientation[ines of
the back.
> Back
M us c l es
Skeletonof thetrunk
Columnavertebralis
(Parscervicalis)
Angulussuperior
Columnavertebralis
(Parsthoracica)
Columnavertebralis
(Parslumbalis)
Os sacrum
lvertebraesacralesl-V]
Spina iliaca
posterior inferior
Os coccvois
[Vertebra6coccygeael-lVl
Fig.730 Skel.etal.
system,Systema
skeleta[e,
o f t h et r u n k .
Skeleton
Clavicula
Vertebra cervicalis Vll
Iprominens]
Vertebra
thoracicaI
Canalis vertebralis
HUmerus
Clavicula,
Extremitas
sternalis
Scapula
Manubrium
sterni
Corpus
stern
i
Arcuscostalis
Costaxl
costaxll
Costaxl
Costaxll
Vertebra
lumbalisI
Vertebralumbalis lll
Spina iliaca
anterior superior
Promontorium
Os
sacrum
Os
coccygrs
;,
Facies symphysialis
Spina
ischiadica
Tuberischiadicum
Tuberischiadicum
F i g . 7 3 1 V e r t e b r acI o t u m n ,C o l u m n av e r t e b r a L i s ;
p e c t o r a gI i r d t e ,C i n g u t u mp e c t o r a t ea, n d p e [ v i cg i r d t e ,
C i n g u [ u mp e l v i c u m ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e v e r t e b r a t c o l u m n ;
mediaLview.
Fig,732 VertebraIco[umn,Cotumnavertebra[is;
p e c t o r a t ea, n d p e [ v i cg i r d [ e ,
p e c t o r agI i r d l . eC, i n g u L u m
C i n g u [ u mp e l v i c u m ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e v e r t e b r a cI o t u m n ;
viewedfrom the teft.
> Back
M us c l es
VertebraL
column
Vertebrae
cefvicales
t-vtl
Disci
intervertebrales
Vertebrae
lumbales
Os sacrum
Promontorium
Os coccygis
F i g .7 3 3 V e r t e b r ac Io t u m n ,
C o [ u m nvae r t e b r a [ i s ;
ventraIview.
Fig.73l, VertebraLcoLumn,
C o l u m n av e r t e b r a t i s ;
dorsaIview.
F i g .7 3 5 V e r t e b r ac Io t u m n ,
C o [ u m nvae r t e b r a t i s ;
viewedfromthe teft.
VertebraI colLtmn, development
F i g . 7 3 6a - e R e g i o n acl h a r a c t e r i s t i cosf t h e v e r t e b r a e .
0 n t y i n t h e t h o r a c i cr e g i o no f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m nd o
t h e [ a t e r a Ip a r t s( t a b e t t e idn r e d ] r e m a i ns e p a r a t e da n d
form ribs.
vertebra,At[as
a First cervicaL
b FourthcervicaIvertebra,VertebracervicalislV
, e r t e b r at h o r a c i c al , w i t h
c F i r s tt h o r a c i cv e r t e b r aV
c o r r e s p o n d i nrgi b s ,C o s t a ea, n d s t e r n u m ,S t e r n u m
, e r t e b r aL u m b a l . li lsl
d T h i r d[ u m b a rv e r t e b r aV
e S a c r u m ,0 s s a c r u m
Epiphysis
anularis*
Proc.articularis[Zygapophysis]
supenor
Proc.
sprnosus
Epiphysis
anularis'
Proc costalis
Proc accessorius
Fig. 737 VertebraIdevetopment.
D e m o n s t r a t i oonf t h e a p p e a r a n c o
e f p r i m a r yo s s i f i c a t i o n
c e n t r e si n a [ u m b a rv e r t e b r aI p e d i c l es: e c o n df o e t a lm o n t h ;
c o r p u s :t h i r d t o s i x t hf o e t a Lm o n t h J
S y n o s t o s ios f t h e o s s i f i c a t i ocne n t r e so f t h e v e r t e b r a aI r c h
w i t h t h o s eo f t h e c o r o u so c c u r sb e t w e e nt h e t h i r d a n d t h e
s i x t hy e a r o f [ i f e .
Fig. 738 VertebraIdeve[opment
C i r c u t a ro s s i ifc a t i o nc e n t r e s[ = r i m s * ]a p p e a ri n t h e
e p i p h y s eos f t h e v e r t e b r a ed u r i n gt h e e i g h t hy e a ro f l i f ea n d
l o d i e su n t i It h e e i g h t e e n t hy e a r o f
f u s ew i t h t h e v e r t e b r a b
Life.
T h e c e n t r a Ip o r t i o n so f t h e e p i p h y s e rse m a i na s h y a L i n e
c a r t i t a g i n o u[sa m i n a e* * t h r o u g h o u Lt i f e .
S e c o n d a r oy s s i f i c a t i ocne n t r e s( a p o p h y s e sd)e v e t o pa t t h e
orocesses.
> Back
Atlasand axis
Tuberculum
anterius
Arcusanterioratlantis
Foramen vertebrale
Faciesarticularis
supeflor
lvlassalateralis
atlantis
Proc,
Iransversus
Foramen
magnum
Foramen
Iransversanum
Sulcus
arteriae
vertebralis
occipitalis
externa)
Arcusposterioratlantls
posterius
Tuberculum
F i g . 7 3 9 O c c i p i t abI o n e ,0 s o c c i p i t a l e ;
s e c t i o ni t l u s t r a t i n g
t h e f o r a m e nm a g n u ma n d t h e
a r t i c u [ a rs u r f a c e so f t h e a t t a n t o - o c c i p i tjaoIi n t ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w
Tuberculum
anterius
Fig.710 First cervicaIvertebra,At[as;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
T h e s u p e r i o ra r t i c u t a rs u r f a c e so f t h e a t l a sa r e
f r e q u e n t [ yd i v i d e d .
* Canatis
arteriae
vertebratis
asa variation
Arcusanterioratlantis
Densaxis
Faciesarticularis
inferior
Foveadentis
Massalateralis
atlantis
Facies
articularis
anterior
Faciesarticularis
superior
l\4assa lateralis atlantis
ArcusDosterior
atlantis
Fovea
dentis
Proc articularis
supeflor
Foramen
vertebrale
Foramen
transversarium
posterius
Tuberculum
Arcusposterior
atlantis
Fig.711 First cervicaIvertebra,Attas;
i n f e r i o rv i e w .
Proc
sprnosus
Corpus
vertebrae
Arcusvertebrae
Foramen
transversarium
Proc
Proc articularisinferiol
Iransversus
Fig.712 FirstandsecondcervicaI
vertebrae,
Atlaset Axis;
median
section.
Apexdentis
Faciesarticularis
oosterior
Apexdentis
Densaxis
Proc articularis
supenor
Faciesarticularis
anterior
Corpusvertebrae
Foramen
transversarium
Proc articularis
supenor
Foramen
transversarium
Proc
articularis
inferior
Tuberculum
posterius
Corpus
vertebrae
Arcusvertebrae
Proc.spinosus
F i g . 7 1 3 S e c o n dc e r v i c avLe r t e b r aA
, xis;
ventraIview.
Proc,articularis
inferior
Arcusvertebrae
Proc spinosus
Fig.711 SecondcervicaIvertebra,Axis;
d o r s o s u o e r i ovri e w .
Cervicalvertebrae
Uncuscorporis
IProc.uncinatus]
Tuberculum
anterius
Corpusvertebrae,
Faciesintervertebralis
Corpusvertebrae,
Epiphysis
anularis
Uncicorporis
lProccuncinati]
tsoramen Iransversaflum
Sulcus
nerut
spinalis
Tuberculum
poslerius
Proc articularis
supenor
Foramen
transversaflum
Proc
transversus
Proc,
articularis
supenor
Arcusvertebrae
Foramen vertebrale
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
Arcusvertebrae
Proc spinosus
Proc spinosus
F i g , 7 1 5 F i f t hc e r v i c a I v e r t e b r V
a ,e r t e b r ac e r v i c a L V
i s;
T h e t i p s o f t h e s p i n o u sp r o c e s s e o
s f the cervicaL
v e r t e b r a el l - V l a r e f r e q u e n t t yd i v i d e d .
Fig.746 SeventhcervicaIvertebra,VertebracervicatisVll;
s u p e f l o rv r e w
I n g e n e r a It h e s e v e n t hc e r v i c avI e r t e b r ac a n b e e a s i L y
i d e n t i f i e db y i t s p r o t r u d i n gs p i n o u sp r o c e s sa n d i s
r e f e r r e dt o a s v e r t e b r ap r o m i n e n sI.n f a c t ,t h e s p i n o u s
processof the first thoracicvertebraoften protrudes
evenfurther.
f Tuberculum
anrenus
Proc 'II
transversus
I Tuberculum
poslenus
\
Corpusvertebrae
Foramen
transversarium
Sulcusnervi
spinalis
Uncicorporis
IProccuncinati]
F i g . 7 t 7 S e c o n dt o s e v e n t hc e r v i c avI e r t e b r a e ,
V e r t e b r a ec e r v i c a t elsl - V l l '
ventraIview.
vertebrae,
Fig,718 First to seventhcervicaL
l-VlI I
VertebraecervicaLes
dorso[ateraLview.
tt
Thoracic
and lumbarvertebrae
Corpusvertebrae,
Epiphysis
anularis*
Articulatio
capitis
costae
Fovea
costalis
supenor
Caputcostae
Collumcostae
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
Foveacostalissuperior
Proc transversus
Foramen
costotransversarium
Foramen
vertebrale
Proc adicularis
lZygapophysisl
supenor
Costa
Fovea
costalis
processus
transversi
Tuberculum
costae
Lamrnaarcus
vertebrae
Proc transversus
Articulatio
costotransversaria
Fovea costalis
processus transversl
Corpus
vertebrae
Fovea costalis inferior
lncisuravertebralis
inferior
Proc articularisinterior
Proc spinosus
Proc spinosus
Fig.719 Vertebra,Vertebra;
t y p i c a sI t r u c t u r a fI e a t u r e se x e m p t i fe d b y t h e
f i f t h t h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a;
s u p e n o rv t e w .
+ Atso:rim of vertebraI
body
F i g .7 5 0 S i x t ht h o r a c i cv e r t e b r aV
, e r t e b r at h o r a c i c aV l ;
viewedfrom the teft.
Proc.articularis
supenor
Arcusvertebrae
Proc mamillaris
Proc accessorius
Corpus
verlebrae
Proc
sptnosus
Fovea costalis
Proc articularis
inferior
F i g . 7 5 2 T w e t f t h t h o r a c i c v e r t e b r a , V e r t e b r a t h o r a c i c a Xil;
viewed f rom the Left.
* R e g i o no f t h e v e r t e b r a Ia r c h b e t w e e nt h e s u p e r i o ra n d
F i g ,7 5 1 T e n t ht h o r a c i cv e r t e b r aV
, e r t e b r at h o r a c i c aX ;
ventraLview.
i n f e r i o ra r t i c u [ a rp r o c e s s e s
( " i s t h m u s =" i n t e r a r t i c u L p
ao
r rtionl
Corpusvertebrae
F i g .7 5 3 T h i r d[ u m b a rv e r t e b r aV
, e r t e b r aL u m b a L il sl l ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o ns; p e c i m e n
o f a n o L d e irn d i v i d u a [ .
* O s s i f i c a t ioofnt h e[ i q a m e n t o iunss e r t i o n s
;:ili'::.
Thoracicand lumbarvertebrae
Proc articularis
supeflor
Fovea costalis
supenor
Foveacostalisprocessus
transversi
Corpusvertebrae,
Facies
intervertebralis
Pediculus
arcus
vedebrae
Proc
sprnosus
Foramenvertebrale
Proc
costalis
Proc articularis
superlor
Laminaarcusvertebrae
Proc accessorius
Proc spinosus
, e r t e b r aL u m b a t i lsV ;
F i g .7 5 5 F o u r t h[ u m b a rv e r t e b r aV
s u p e n o rv r e w
Proc,articularis
supenor
Proc costalis
Proc mamillaris
Corpusvertebrae
Proc costalis
Proc accessorius
Proc articularis
inferior
Fig.751 Tenthto tweLfththoracicvertebrae,
V e r t e b r a et h o r a c i c a e
X - X l l ,a n d f i r s t t o s e c o n d[ u m b a rv e r t e b r a e ,
V e r t e b r a e[ u m b a L e ls- l l ;
d o r s a Iv i e wf r o m t h e [ e f t .
Pediculus
arcusvertebrae
Proc articularis
inferior
inferior
Faciesarticularis
, e r t e b r a[ u m b a L i lsV ;
F i g .7 5 6 F o u r t h[ u m b a rv e r t e b r aV
ventraIview
Proc articularis
superior
Epiphysis
anularis
Proc.spinosus
Proc articularisinterior
Fig.757 Fifth[umbarvertebra,Vertebra[umbatisV;
mediansection.
Notethe characteristic
wedge-shape
of the bodyof the
f ifth [umbarvertebra.
+ R e g i o no f t h e v e r t e b r aaI r c hb e t w e e nt h e s u p e r i o ra n d i n f e r i o ra r t i c u [ a r
process.Herein the fifth and Lessfrequentlyin the fourth [umbarvertebra
can be formed.This is
a cteft,bridgedby connectivetissuelspondylolysisl
the superlor
probabtycausedby locatbendingstress.As a consequence,
vertebramay stip [otisthesislonto the inferiorvertebralspondylotisthesis).
> Back
Muscles
Sacrum
Proc articularis
superior
Canalissacralis
Tuberositasossissacri
Faciesauricularis
Cristasacralislateralis
Crista sacralis mediana
Cristasacralismedialis
Foramina
sacraliaposteriora
Hiatussacralis
Cornusacrale
F i g .7 5 8 S a c r u m ,0 s s a c r u m ;
d o r s a Iv i e w
Apexossissacri
Proc articularis
supeflor
Parslateralis
Promontorium
Foramina
sacraliaanteriora
Lineaetransversae
F i g ,7 5 9 S a c r u m ,0 s s a c r u m ;
v e n t r o i n f e r i ovri e w .
Apexossissacri
Promontorium
Alaossissacri
Parslateralis
Basisossissacri
Proc articularis
superior
F i g . 7 6 0 S a c r u m ,0 s s a c r u m ;
t h e b o n eh a s b e e ns e c t i o n e da t t h e
[ e v e [o f t h e s e c o n ds a c r a Lv e r t e b r a :
s u D e n o rv t e w
Canalis sacralis
Crista sacralis medialis
Cristasacralismediana
Parslateralis
Parslateralis
Proc articularissuperior------:r
Basisossissacri
Canalissacralis
Cristasacralis
medlana
Promontorium
Foramina
sacralia
posteriora
Cristasacralis
medtana
Facies pelvica
Cornusacrale
Cornu
coccygeum
Hiatussacralis
Apexossissacri
Os coccygis
F i g . 7 6 1 S a c r u m0, s s a c r u m ;
v i e w e df r o mt h er i g h t .
F i g . 7 6 2 S a c r u m ,O s s a c r u m ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n .
* Remnants
disctissue
of intervertebraI
persistevenin theadutt.
F i g . 7 6 3 S a c r u m0,s s a c r u m ;
g e n d edr i f f e r e n c e s .
F i g . 7 6 I , S a c r u m ,0 s s a c r u m ;
o e n d e rd i f f e r e n c e s .
Cornucoccygeum
Cornu
coccygeum
Vertebra
coccygeaI
Vertebra
coccygeall
Vertebrae
coccygeae
lll-V
F i g . 7 6 5 C o c c y x0, s c o c c y g i s ;
v e n t r o s u o e r i ovri e w .
Fig.765 Coccyx,0s coccygis;
d o r s o i n f e r i ovri e w .
> Back
$\'oturs*{o*l
Cervicalpart of the vertebraL
column,radiography
Ramus
mandibulae
Proc
mastoideus
Atlas, Arcus
anterior
Os occipitale
Cavitas nasi,
Sinus
maxillaris
Atlas, Arcus
posterior
Palatum
osseum
Atlas,
Tuberculum
posterius
Axis, Dens
Axis, Proc
sprnosus
A x i s ,C o r p u s
vertebrae
Inctsura
vedebralis
inferior
Angulus
mandibulae
Ltngua
Inctsura
vertebralis
supenor
Vertebra
c e r v i c a l i sl l l ,
Corpus
vertebrae
Epiglottis
Articulatio
zygapophysialis
Os hyoideum
Proc articularis
inlerior
Proc articularis
supeflor
Discus intervertebralis
Cartilago
cricoidea,
Lamtna
Proc spinosus
Facies inter
vertebrales
Pediculus
arcus
vene0rae
Foramen
intervertebrale
Vertebra
c e r v i c a l i sV l l ,
Corpus
vertebrae
F i g .7 6 7 C e r v i c avLe r t e b r a eV, e r t e b r a ec e r v i c a t e s ;
L a t e r arIa d i o g r a p ho f t h e c e r v i c a pL a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o L u m n ;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o nt;h e c e n t r a Ib e a mi s d i r e c t e d
o n t ot h e t h i r d c e r v i c avI e r t e b r a ;
s h o u t d e r sa r e p u L t e d o w n w a r d s .
Topography
Cervicalpart of the vertebralcolumn,radiography
Proc spinosus-
Proc transversus
-
VertebracervicalisVl,
Corpusvertebrae
Fig, 768 CervicaIvertebrae,Vertebraecervicates;
A P - r a d i o g r a pohf t h e c e r v i c a pI a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o t u m n ;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o nt;h e c e n t r a Lb e a mr s d i r e c t e d
o n t ot h e t h i r d c e r v i c avI e r t e b r a .
x IntervertebraI
discsoaces
Uncicorporum
[Proccuncinati]
> Back
Thoracicpart of the vertebralcolumn,radiography
Corpusvertebrae
Foramenintervertebrale
Facies intervertebrales""
Proc spinosus
Pediculus
arcusvertebrae
F i g . 7 6 9 T h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a eV, e r t e b r a et h o r a c i c a e ;
L a t e r arIa d i o g r a p ho f t h e t h o r a c i cp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cLo L u m n ;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o w
n i t h t h e t h o r a xi n i n s p i r a t i o n ;
t h e c e n t r a Ib e a m i s d i r e c t e do n t o t h e s i x t ht h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a .
+ Intervertebra
d Ii s cs p a c e
* * C L i n i c at eLr m : e n d - p L a t e s
Pediculus
arcusvertebrae
a^r^,,c
v6d6hrr6
Costa
Articulatiocostotransversaria
Proc transversus
Articulatiocapitis costae
Caput costae
Facies intervertebralis
F i g . 7 7 O T h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a eV, e r t e b r a et h o r a c i c a e
A P - r a d i o g r a pohf t h e t h o r a c i cp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cLo L u m n ;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o w
n i t h t h e t h o r a xi n i n s p i r a t i o n ;
t h e c e n t r a Lb e a m i s d i r e c t e do n t ot h e s i x t ht h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a
* Intervertebra
d Ii s cs p a c e
Lumbarpart of the vertebralcolumn,radiography
Vertebra
lumbalisl,
Corpusvertebrae
Foraminaintervertebralia
Arcusvertebrae,
Pediculusarcusvertebrae
inferior
lncisuravertebralis
Faciesintervertebrales
Incisuravertebralissuperior
Proc.spinosus
Proc.articularissuperior
Proc articularisinferior
Os ilium. Crista iliaca
Articulatiozygapophysialis
Basisossissacri
Promontorium
Os sacrum
F i g . 7 7 1 L u m b a rv e r t e b r a eV, e r t e b r a eL u m b a t e s ;
l a t e r a Ir a d i o g r a p ho f t h e [ u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n ;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o n ;
t h e c e n t r a tb e a m i s d i r e c t e do n t ot h e s e c o n d[ u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
I n t h i s c a s e ,t h e a n t e r i o re d g e so f t h e l o w e r [ u m b a rv e r t e b r a e
a r e o b t i q u ed u e t o p a t h o L o g i caalIt e r a t i o n s .
* I n t e r v e r t e b r adI i s c s p a c e
* * R e g i o no f t h e v e r t e b r a la r c h b e t w e e nt h e s u p e r i o ra n d i n f e r i o r
a r t i c u [ a rp r o c e s s e ls" i s t h m u s '= i n t e r a r t i c u [ apro r t i o n l
* * * T h e m a r k s i n d i c a t et h e p o s i t i o no f t h e t w e t f t h r i b , w h i c h i s p o o r t y
v i s i b l ei n t h i s c o p yo f t h e r a d i o g r a p h .
M us c [es
Lumbarpart of the vertebralcolumn,radiography
costaXll
Vertebra
lumbalisl,
Corpusvertebrae
Proc.articularis
superior
Articulatiozygapophysialis
Procc. costales
Proc.articularis
inferior
Pediculus
arcusvertebrae
Faciesintervertebrales
Proccsplnosi
Proc. costalis
Os coxae;
Osilium
Foramina
sacraliaanteriora
F i g , 7 7 2 L u m b a rv e r t e b r a eV, e r t e b r a eL u m b a l e s ;
A P - r a d i o g r a p oh f t h e L u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o t u m n
andthe sacrum;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o nt;h e c e n t r a Ib e a mi s d i r e c t e do n t ot h e s e c o n d
L u m b a vr e r t e b r a .
+ IntervertebraI
discspace
CraniocervicaI j unctions
Os occioitale.Parsbasilaris
anterior
Membranaatlantooccioitalis
Parslateralis
Os occiDitale.
Os occioitale.Parslateralis
+
Articulatioatlantooccioitalis
Capsulaarticularis
Articulatioatlantoaxialis
lateralis
Lig longitudinaleanterius
Axis
Discusintervertebralis
Vertebra
lll
cervicalis
Vertebra cervicalis lll,
Corpus vertebrae
F i g . 7 7 3 C r a n i o c e r v i jcuanI c t i o nasn dt h eu p p e rc e r v i c apIa r t
o f t h ev e r t e b r a l t o [ u m n ;
ventratvtew.
Os occipitale
posterior
Membranaatlantooccipitalis
Lig atlantooccipitale
laterale
Atlas,Massalateralis
Sulcusarteriaevertebralis
Tuberculumoosterius
lateralis,
Articulalioatlantoaxialis
Caosulaarticularis
lateralis
Axis, Arcus vertebrae
junctions;
Fig.771 CraniocervicaI
dorsaIview.
Back
M us c l es
Crani ocervicaI j unctions
Os occipitale,Clivus
Sulcus
srnus
sigmoidei
Os occipitale
Articulatio
atlantooccipitalis,
Capsulaarticularis
Atlas
Articulatio
Membranatectoria
atlantoaxialislateralis,
Capsula articularis
Axis
Vertebra ceruicalis lll
F i g .7 7 5 C r a n i o c e r v i c jauIn c t r o n s ,
dcon
linemonf
c.
dorsaLview.
Fasciculilongitudinales
Ligg alaria
Canalisnervihypoglossi
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Articulatio atlantooccipitalis
Capsulaarticularis
Atlas,Arcusposterior
Lig transversum
atlantis
Articulatio
atlantoaxialis
lateralis
Lig cruciformeatlantis
Fasciculi
longitudinales
F i g .7 7 6 C r a n i o c e r v i cjauIn c t i o n s ,
d e e pI i g a m e n t s ;
dorsaLview.
Lig apicis dentis
Capsulae
articulares
Densaxis
F i g .7 7 7 C r a n i o c e r v i cjauIn c t i o n s ,
doon
linrmanic.
dorsaIview.
T h e a L a rL i g a m e n tfsr e q u e n t [ e
y x t e n dt o t h e l a t e r a I
m a s s e so f t h e a t t a s .
Topography
CraniocervicaI j unctions
Os occioitale.Pars basilaris
Duramatercranialis
Lig. apicis dentis
l\4embranaatlantooccioitalisanterior
DuramatersPinalis
Membrana tectoria
Atlas,Arcusanterior
Fasciculilongitudinales
I
atlantis
atlantislLig cruciforme
Lig.transversum
Articulatio
atlantoaxialis
medianaanterior
- Fasciculi
longitudinales
J
medianaposterior
Articulatio
atlantoaxialis
Squama occipitalis
Densaxis
Membrana atlantooccipitalisposterior
Discusinteruertebralis
Atlas,Arcusposteriol
lll,
Vertebra
cervicalis
Corpusvertebrae
Axis,Proc spinosus
Nn cervicales,Badices
F i g .7 7 8 C r a n i o c e r v i c jauLn c t i o n s ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n
Os occipitale
Atlas,
Arcusanterior,
Foveadentis
mediana posterior
atlantoArticulatio
occipitalis
mediana anterior
Densaxis
Densaxis
Atlas,Arcusanterior
Atlas,Massalateralis
Articulatioatlantoaxialislateralis
Atlas,Facies
articularis
supenor
Axis,Corpus
Axis,Proc spinosus
Membrana
atlantooccipitalis
posterior
Procspinosus
F i g ,7 7 i C r a n i o c e r v i cjauIn c t i o n s ;
s u p e n o rv t e w
F i g .7 8 0 C r a n i o c e r v i clauLn c t t o n s ;
A P -r a di o gr ap h .
> Back
li..-'-,,.+W
M us c l es
Ligaments
of thevertebralcolumn
Foveacostalis
inferior
Foveacostalis
supenor
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
Lig costotransversaflum
Arcus
vertebrae
Discus
intervertebralis
Vertebra
thoracica
Xll,
Corpus
vertebrae
Discus
intervertebralis
F i g . 7 8 1 L i g a m e n t so f t h e v e r t e b r a I c o l u m n ;
e x e m p t i fe d b y t h e L o w e tr h o r a c i cp a r t o f t h e
vertebratco[umn;
ventraLview.
F i g . 7 8 2 L i g a m e n t so f t h e v e r t e b r a I c o l u m n ;
e x e m p l i fe d b y t h e l o w e rt h o r a c i ca n d t h e
u p p e r[ u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cl o l u m n ;
d o r s a Iv i e w .
Lig capitiscostaeradiatum
Articulatiocapitis costae
Proc articularis
superior
Lig costotransversarium
Collumcostae
Tuberculumcostae
laterale
Proc transversus
Lig flavum
F i g . 7 8 3 C o s t o v e r t e b r jaoI i n t s ,A r t i c u l a t i o n ecso s t o v e r t e b r a [ e s ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e l e v e Io f t h e L o w e rp a r t o f t h e j o i n t a t a h e a do f a r i b ;
s u p e f l o rv t e w .
To p o g ra p h y
Lioamentsof the vertebralcolumn
superior
Proc.articularis
Foveacostalissuperior
Corpusvertebrae
Foveacostalisprocessustransversi
Foramencostotransversarium
laterale
superius
Lig intertransversarium
Lig capitiscostaeradiatum
F i g . 7 8 1 L i g a m e n t so f t h e v e r t e b r a cLo t u m na n d t h e
joints, Articulationes costoverteb
rates;
costovertebraI
[ a t e r a Ip a r t so f t h e a n t e r i o rL o n g i t u d i n [ai [g a m e n th a v e
b e e nr e m o v e d ;
viewedf rom the teft.
Fovea costalis
processus transversl
Ligg flava
Capsula articularis
F i g . 7 8 5 J u n c t i o n sb e t w e e nt h e v e r t e b r aal r c h e s ;
ventraIview.
> Back
M us c l es
joints
Costovertebral
supenus
laterale
Articulatiocapitiscostae
Tuberculum
costae
Caputcostae
F i g . 7 8 6 C o s t o v e r t e b r jaoIi n t s ,A r t i c u [ a t i o n e s
costovertebra[es;
ventraL
v i e wf r o m t h e l e f t .
Arcusvertebrae
Ligg intertransversaria
Proc spinosus
Lrg costotransversarium
superius
Lig flavum
laterale
Proc transversus
Proc articularis
inferior
Capsulaarticularis
Lig,supraspinale"
F i g . 7 8 7 L i g a m e n t so f t h e v e r t e b r a aL r c h e sa n d t h e
c o s t o v e r t e b r jaoI in t s ,A r t i c u l a t i o n ecso s t o v e r t e b r a t e s ;
dorsaLview.
* T h em e d i a n
p o r t i oo
n f t h et h o r a c o t u m bf a sr c i a
r sr e f e r r e d
t o a ss u p r a s p i n olui gsa m e n t
Ligamentsof the lumbarpart of the
arcusvertebrae
Pediculus
posterius
Lig longitudinale
Disciintervertebrales
V,
Vertebra
lumbalis
Corpusvertebrae
Os sacrum
F i g .7 8 8 L i g a m e n t so f t h e [ u m b a rp a r t
o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n .
Proc costalis
inferior
Proc articularis
Proc articularis
superior
Lig,transversum
zygapophysialis;
Articulatio
Lig flavum
Proc spinosus
F i g .7 8 9 V e r t e b r ajlo i n t so f t h e [ u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a l
cotumnA
, r t i c u t a t i o n ezsy g a p o p h y s i a l [eusm b a l e s ;
d o r s a lv r e wf r o m t h e r i q h t
r i n t s b y s t r o n ga n d
R e i n f o r c e m e notf t h e i n t e r a r t i c u [ aj o
t r a n s v e r s ef i b r e sI L i g g .t r a n s v e r s ai]s r e s t r i c t e dt o t h e [ u m b a r
p a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n .
> Back
Mr.rsu[es
lntervertebraldiscs
Uncuscorporrs
IProc uncinatus]
A n u l u lsi b r o s u s
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
Corpusvertebrae
Epiphysis
anularis
Anulusfibrosus
N spinalis,
Ganglion
sensoflum
nervispinalis
F i g .7 9 0 a ,b I n t e r v e r t e b r adIi s c s ,D i s c ii n t e r v e r t e b r a L e s
a C e r v i c aiIn t e r v e r t e b r adIi s c s ,D i s c ii n t e r v e r t e b r a l e s
c e r v i c [ae s ;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n
b L u m b a ri n t e r v e r t e b r adl i s c ,D i s c u si n t e r v e r t e b r a Lt iusm b a L i s :
m e d i a ns e c t i o n
Epiphysis
anularis
N u c l e upsu l p o s u s
Corpusvertebrae
* H y a t i n ec a r t i [ a g i n o ucso v e r i n go f t h e e n d - p L a t eosf t h e
v e r t e b r abI o d i e sr e f [ e c t i n tgh e n o n - o s s i f i epdo r t i o no f t h e
e prph y s e s
* x I n t h e f i r s t d e c a d eo f I i f e ,s o - c a l t e du n c o v e r t e b r a
c lI e f t s
d e v e [ o pi n t h e L a t e r azI o n e so f t h e c e r v i c a L
intervertebraI
d i s c sw
, h r c hc a n p r o g r e s sf u r t h e rt o w a r d st h e m i d d l ei n
t h ef o t t o w i n g
decades
Fascia thoracolumbalis
Vertebralumbalis l,
Corpus vertebrae
Proc spinosus
Canalisvedebralis;
Caudaequina
Spatium
epidurale
Vertebra
lumbalis
V,
Corpusvertebrae
Canalissacralis
F i g .7 9 1 L u m b a ri n t e r v e r t e b r adIi s c ,
D i s c u si n t e r v e r t e b r a L[ iusm b a I i s ;
s u p e n 0 rv t e w
F i g . 7 9 2 L u m b a rp a r t so f t h e v e r t e b r a L c o l u m n ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l ) ;
To pogr a p h y
Motionsegments
Proc articularis
suoerior
Uncuscorporis
[Proc uncinatus]
Articulatiozygapophysialis,
Capsulaarticularis
Epiphysis
anularis*
Lig flavum
Corpusvertebrae
Lig interspinale
Lig.longitudinale
anterius
Anulus
Oi"araJ' fibrosus
intervertebralis
Nucleus
I pulposus
Lig. nuchae
(Foramen venae
basivertebralis)
Proc articularis
inlerior
Laminaarcusvertebrae ' Proc soinosus
Epiphysis
anularis
"
* A l s o : r i m o f v e r t e b r a lb o d y
* * H y a l i n ec a r t i l a g i n o u sc o v e r i n go f t h e e n d - p l a t eo f t h e v e r t e b r a tb o d y
Fig.793 CervicaImotion segment;
s c h e m a t i cm e d i a ns e c t i o n .
r e f t e c t i n gt h e n o n - o s s i f i e dp o r t i o no f t h e e p i p h y s i s
Proc.articularissuoerior
Epiphysis
anularis*
Lig flavum
Lig. interspinale
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Lig supraspinale
/
I Anulusfibrosus
urscusI
intervertebralis
I
I Nucleuspulposus
\
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
(Foramen venae
basivertebralis)
Proc.spinosus
Lig. longitudinaleposterius
Lamina arcus vertebrae
Fig,79t, Lumbar motion segment;
s c h e m a t i cm e d i a ns e c t i o n .
Proc articularisinferior
* A [ s o :r i m o f v e r t e b r a tb o d y
* * H y a t i n ec a r t i l a g i n o u sc o v e r i n go f t h e e n d - p l a t eo f t h e v e r t e b r a Ib o d y
r e f t e c t i n gt h e n o n - o s s i f i e dp o r t i o no f t h e e p i p h y s i s
> Back
Superficialmusclesof the back
ProtuberantiaocciDitalisexterna
M sternocleidomastoideus
IVIspleniuscapitis
M trapezius
Spina scapulae
Fascia deltoidea
prominens,
Vertebra
Proc spinosus
M teres
malor
Scapula,
Angulusinferior
M infraspinatus,
Fasciainfraspinata
M latissimus
dorsi
M, rhomboideus
major
VertebrathoracicaXll. Proc. sDinosus
M obliquus externus abdominis
Cristailiaca
Os sacrum,
Faciesdorsalis
F i g . 7 9 5 M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ;
s u p e r f i c i aLI a y e or f t h e t r u n k - a r ma n d t r u n k - s h o u l d e r
o i r d l em u s c t e s .
To p o g r a p h y
Superficialmusclesof the back
M trapezius
l\4 sternocleidomastoideus
l\4 splenius
capitis
M splenius
cervicis
Fascia deltoidea
M. trapezius
M.teresmaior
M serratusposterior
supenor
major
M rhomboideus
M infraspinatus,
Fasciainfraspinata
Scapula,
Angulusinferior
M erectorspinae
M latissimus
dorsi
M latissimus
dorsi
Fascia thoracolumbalis*
M obliquusexternus
abdominis
M obliquus e)dernusabdominis
M obliquusinternus
abdominis
lumbale
Trigonum
Cristailiaca
F i g . 7 9 6 M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ;
d e e pl a y e ro f t h e t r u n k - a r ma n d t r u n k - s h o u t d e r
g i r d l em u s c l e s .
* Theso-catled
thoracotumbar
fasciaformsa dense
ao0neur0sts
> Back
i:'
tt
at"t
Deepmusclesof theback
M semisDinaliscaoitis
nuchae
M splenius
capitis
M splenius
capitis
l\4 longissimus
capitis
M splenius
cervicis
M. splenius
cervicis
M. scalenusoosterior
M levatorscapulae
M trapezius
M longissimus
ceruicis
M teresmajor
M semispinaliscervicis
M serratusposteriorsuperior
M iliocostaliscervicis
M rhomboideus
major
i/ inlraspinatus,
Fasciainfraspinata
M lliocostalisthoracis
M latissimus
dorsi
M spinalisthoracis
thoracis
M. longissimus
M iliocostalisthoracis
M. serratusanterior
M longissimus
thoracis
M serratusoosteriorinlerior
M iliocostalis
lumborum
M obliouus
externusabdominis
M obliquus internusabdominis
M erectorspinae
F i g . 7 9 7 M u s c l e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ;
s u p e r f i c i aLLa y e or f t h e d e e pI a u t o c h t h o n o u m
s ]u s c L e s .
Musclesof the back,sections
Caudaequina
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Pediculus l
arcus
I a,.,,"
vertebrae |
LamrnaarcusI ""il"urr"
vertebrae )
Ben
M psoasmajor
t\4m
*"
transversospinales
Plexuslumbalis
M. erectorspinae*
Proc costalis
(Lamina
protunda)
M quadratus
lumborum
Costaxll
M obliquus
externus
abdominis
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
lvl latissimus
dorsi
Proc spinosus
(Lamina
superficialis)
F i g .7 9 8 M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s e c o n dL u m b a vr e r t e b r a :
Thedeep[autochthonousl
musctes
of the backliewithinan osteofibrous
tubeformedbydorsatpartsof thevertebrae
andthesurrounding
intoa lateral*
aredivided
aponeurotic
thoracoLumbar
fasciaThemuscLes
a n da m e d i a*[* t r a c t
Corpusvertebrae
Proc articularis
superiof
Nucleuspulposus)
'
I Discus
f intervertebralis
Anulusfibrosus /
N spinalis
M psoasmajor
Articulatio
zygapophysialis
Caudaequina
Lig flavum*
Proc articularis
inferior
M. erectorspinae
Proc spinosus
Mm transversospinales
Fasciathoracolumbalis
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i o(nC T )a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e
i n t e r v e r t e b r adli s c b e t w e e nt h e t h i r d a n d t h e f o u r t h[ u m b a r
vertebra;
inferiorview.
* C a t c i f i c a t i oo
n r o s s i f i c a t i o nf r e q u e n t t yo c c u r sa t t h e s i t e s o f i n s e r t i o n
o f t h e [ i g a m e n t af t a v a ,e v e ni n y o u n g e ri n d i v i d u a t s .
* + A d i p o s et i s s u ed e p o s i t s
> Back
>>l
-
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Deepmusclesof the back
Tract
LongitudinaI
system
0btiquesystem
M longissimus
-capitis
-cervtcts
-thoracis
M iliocostalls
-cervtcts
-thoracis
-lumborum
M. semispinalis**
-capitis
-cervtcts
M. spinalis
-capitis
-cervtcts
-thoracis
M. multifidus"*
-cervtcts
-thoracis
-lumborum
Mm.interspinales
-cervrcts
-thoracis
lumborum
Mm. rotatoresbreves**
-cervrcrs
-thoracis
-lumborum
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
F i g . 8 0 0 D e e p[ a u t o c h t h o n o u m
s )u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ;
d i a g r a mo f t h e d i f f e r e n gt r o u p so f m u s c t e s .
T h e d e e p[ a u t o c h t h o n o u m
s Ju s c t e so f t h e b a c kc a n o e
d i v i d e di n t o a t o n g i t u d i n aal n d a n o b t i q u es y s t e m a
,s
w e t l a s i n t o a m e d i a la n d a l a t e r a lt r a c t .
+ Spinotransverse
+*TransversosoinaI
Tract
To p o g r a p h y
Deepmusclesof the back
l\4 semispinaliscapitis
l\4 rectuscapitisposterior
minor
M rectuscapitisposterior
major
posterius
Atlas,Tuberculum
M obliquuscapitissuperior
M spleniuscapitis
capitis
l\4 longissimus
Venterposterior
M digastricus,
Atlas,Proc transversus
M obliquuscapitisinferior
M semispinaliscapitis
posteriorescervicis
l\4m intertransversarii
Mm multilidi
M semispinalis
ceruicis
Mm interspinalescervicis
Lig supraspinale
Ligg.interspinalia;
M spinaliscapitis
Mm rotatoresthoracisbreves
thoracis
Mm intertransversarii
externi
Mm,intercostales
Mm levatorescostarumbreves
thoracislongi
Mm.rotatores
M semispinalis
thoracis
superius
lvlm lntercostales
externi,Fascia
Mm levatores
costarum
breves
intercostalis
interna
Membrana
interni
Mm intercostales
Mm levatores
costarumlongi
Mm intercostalesexterni
lvlm intertransversarii
thoracis
CostaXll
Fascia
M quadratus
lumborum,
lumborum
mediales
M obliquusinternusabdominis
M transversus
abdominis
laterales
tumoorum
Mm interspinaleslumborum
Fascialransversalis
l\4 obliquusexternus
abdominis
Lig iliolumbale
superior
Spinailiacaposterior
Lig sacrotuberale
Mm multilidi
F i g .8 0 1 M u s c l e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ,
a n d s u b o c c i p i t amI u s c t e s M
, m.suboccipitates.
tt
musclesof theback
Lig. intertransversarium
Lig.costotransversarium
Costalx
M levatorcostaelongus
Mm.multifidi
M levatorcostaebrevis
Mm rotatoresthoracis
Vertebralumbalisl,
Arcusvertebrae
CostaXll
Ligg. flava
Vertebraelumbales,
Procc.costales
Mm.intertransversarii
lateraleslumborum
(Laminaprofunda)
Mm. intertransversarii
mediales
lumborum
Mm. multifidi
M erector spinae
Vertebraelumbales,Procc sDinosi
d e e p e s lt a y e ri n t h e r e g i o no f t h e l o w e rt h o r a c i ca n d t h e t u m b a r
part of the vertebraIcolumn.
muscles
Suboccipital
M rectuscaoitisoosteriorminor
M. trapezius
caoitis
M semisDinalis
M rectuscapitisposteriormajor
capitissuperior
M. obliquus
capitis
M splenius
M. spleniuscervicis
M splenius
capitis
Proc mastoideus
capitis
M. longissimus
M digastricus,Venterposteriot
M splenius
cervicis
Proc styloideus
M longissimus
capitis
capitisinferior
M obliquus
i,il semispinalis
capitis
capitis
M. longissimus
posterius
Atlas,Tuberculum
Axis,Proc.spinosus
M semispinalis
capitis
Mm.interspinales
cervicis
Mm multifidi
M. semispinaliscervicis
M. longissimus
cervicis
M iliocostalis cervicis
Lig supraspinale
M semispinalis
capitis
M. semispinalis
thoracis
F i g . 8 0 3 M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ,a n d
, m.suboccipita[es.
s u b o c c i p i t amI u s c t e s M
M obliquus
capitissuperior
M rectuscapitis
posterior
minor
M. rectuscapitis
posteriormajor
Atlas.Arcusoosterior
M obliquus
capitisinferior
F i g .8 0 4 S u b o c c i p i tma ul .s c l e s ,
F
M m .s u b o c c i o i t a t e s .
Tr0;l
> Back
-:s
tt
Suboccipital
muscLes
M spleniuscapitis
M longissimus
capitis
Lrg nucnae
splenius
cervicis
lvl trapezius
levatorscapulae
prominens,
Vertebra
Proc,spinosus
l\4 longissimus
cervicis
M scalenusmedius
M iliocostaliscervicis
M semispinalisthoracis
M scalenusposterior
F i g .8 0 5 M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k ,M m . d o r s i ,
a n d m u s c l e so f t h e n e c k .M m . c o t L i .
M rectuscaoitisposterior
minor
M semispinalis
capitis
M rectuscapitis
posteriormajor
M splenius
capitis
Membrana atlantooccipitalis
posterior
M obliquuscapitissuperior
A vertebralis,
Pars atlantica
lvl longissimus
capitis
Atlas, Proc transversus
M digastricus,
Venterposterior
M rectuscapitislateralis
Proc styloideus
l\4 obliquus
capitisinferior
M obliquus capitis inferior
M longissimuscervicis
M splenius cervicis
posteriorcervicis
M intertransversarius
Axis,Proc transversus
M spleniuscervicis
Mm multifidi
Fig.806 SuboccipitaLmusc[es,
M m .s u b o c c i p i t a t e s .
il-
P o s t e r i o tru b e r c [ eo f t h e a t t a s
S p i n o u sp r o c e s so f t h e a x i s
Vertebral coIumn, sections
Larynx
Cartilagothyroidea
Corpus
vertebrae
VertebracervicalisV,
Corpusvertebrae
Uncuscorporis
Proc.transversus,
Tuberculum
anterius
Discus
intervertebralis
N spinalis
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
VertebracervicalisVl,
Corpusvertebrae
Proc.articularis
Foramen
vertebrale
Proc articularis
inlerior
Laminaarcus
vertebrae
Lig.flavum
Laminaarcus
vertebrae
Proc.spinosus
Proc.spinosus,
Tubercula
F i g . 8 0 7 C e r v i c apI a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o t u m n ;
computedtomographiccross-sectionICT]at the Level.
o f t h e i n t e r v e r t e b r adLi s c b e t w e e nt h e f o u r t ha n d t h e f i f t h
cervicaIvertebra.
+ EndotracheaI
tubeandendoscooe
F i g .8 0 8 C e r v i c apI a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cl o t u m n ;
computedtomographiccross-sectionICTJat the tevet
o f t h e f i f t h a n d t h e s i x t hc e r v i c avI e r t e b r a .
)a--->-
/q.
lrrl+-C*
lA\
r.'-}y'
Aorta,Pars
abdominalis
V cava interior
V cava inferior
Aorta,Pars
abdominalis
Corpusvertebrae
Discus
intervertebralis
M. psoas
Ben
Foramen
intervertebrale
Proc.articularis
supeflor
Articulatio
zygapophysialis
Proc articularis
inferior
Proc.mamillaris
Mm dorsi
Proc spinosus
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
F i g . 8 0 9 L u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n ;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i o[nC T la t t h e L e v e t
o f t h e i n t e r v e r t e b r adIi s c b e t w e e nt h e s e c o n da n d
t h e t h i r d l u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
M. psoasmajor
Pediculus
arcus
vertebrae
Lig flavum
Proc costalis
Proc.articularis
inferior
Proc articularis
supeflor
Lig interspinale
Mm dorsi
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
F i g . 8 1 0 L u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a I c o t u m n ;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i o[nC T ]a t t h e L e v e l .
o f t h e o e d i c l e so f t h e t h i r d [ u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
> Back
Cutaneousinnervation
N. auricularismagnus,R posterior(Plexuscervicalis)
N. occipitalisminor(Plexuscervicalis)
Nn.supraclaviculares
laterales(Plexuscervicalis)
N. cutaneusbrachii
lateralissuoerior
(N. axillaris)
N. cutaneus
brachiilateralis
inforior(N. radialis)
N. cutaneusbrachii
posterior(N. radialis)
(Rr.cutaneimedialeset laterales)
(Nn. spinalesC.$-L1,Rr. posteriores)
Rr.cutaneilaterales
(Nn.spinales,Nn. intercostales)
R. cutaneuslateralis
(Plexuslumbalis,N. iliohypogastricus)
Nn.cluniumsuperiores
(Nn.spinalesL1-13,
Rr.posteriores)
L3
Nn.cluniummedii(Nn.spinales
51-S3, Rr. posteriores)
L4
L5
Nn. cluniuminferiores
(N. cutaneusfemorisposterior)
S1
s2
S3
N. cutaneusfemorislaleralis(Plexuslumbalis)
N. cutan€usfemorisposterior(Plexuslumbalis)
F i g .8 1 1 S e g m e n t ca uI t a n e o ui ns n e r v a t i ol dne r m a t o m e s )
andcutaneous
nervesof the back.
andnervesof the
Vessels
N occipitalis
tertius(C3),
maior(C2);A.;Voccipitalis
a a N. occipitalis
.* N auricularis
magnus(Plexuscervicalis)
N occipitalismajor (C2) ,
(Cl) ..' -- '
N suboccipitalis
(C6)
& R, posterior
A vertebralisa
N occipitalisminor (Plexuscervicalis)1l'
N auricularismagnus (Plexus cervicalis)t
M longissimus
capitisO
M levator scapulae I
* R posterior(C7)
., B posterior
(C8)
(T1)
, R posterior
(Plexuscervicalis)
lateralis
t, N supraclavicularis
a M. deltoideus
brachiilateralis
$ N cutaneus
inlerior
& N radiaiis;
a o A.; (V) profundabrachii
& N cutaneus
brachiiposterior
M serratusposteriorsuperiorl'
Mm multilidit
Nn thoracici,
Rr posteriores,
,
medialeset laterales
I M triceps
brachii,
Caputlongum
M iliocostalisthoracis a
& N intercostobrachialis
c a a N axillaris;A; V circumflexa
humeriposterior*'
M longissimus
thoraciso
a M. teres major
scapulae*
a o A ; V circumtlexa
a M teresminor
a M infraspinatus
major
a M rhomboideus
M serratusposteriorinferiort
dorsi
|| M latissimus
(T12).
R posterior
M latissimus
dorsio
M obliquusexternus
abdominis
a
Trigonum
lumbale;
N iliohypogastricus
:
Crista iliaca
(Bursasubcutanea
spinaeiliacae
dosteriorissuperioris)
R posterior(T12) :
(Bursasubcutanea
sacralis)
Nn cluniumsuperiores
(Bursasubcutanea
coccygea)
M gluteusmaximust
(S3)
R posterior
(S4)
: R posterior
813
81t,
Fig,812 Vessetsand nervesof the back.
* Vessels
space
andnervesof thetriangutar
** VesseLs
space
andnervesof thequadrangutar
> Back
M us c tes
Vessels
and nervesof theposteriorcervicalregion
N occipitalismajor $
lvl semispinalis
capitis*
O A occipitalis,Rr occipitales
A;VoccipitalisOO
a A occipitalis
N occipitalismajor
A occipitalisa
O V occipitalis
V auricularisposteriora
: N occipitalisminor
A occipitalis,a
R mastoideus
* N auricularis
magnus
N occipitalisminor i
posterior,
a A auricularis
R occipitalis
M longissimus
capitis*
t M spleniuscapitis
N accessorius
[Xl] {
l\4 spleniuscapitis$
M levatorscapulae*
N dorsalisscapulae:
I M sternocleidomastoideus
O V jugularis
externa
,] Rr cutaneiposteriores
(Nn cervicales
et
thoracici,
Rr posteriores)
B profundus
O
(A transversacolli)
M levator scapulae O
V transversaO
colli
M rhomboideus
a
mtnor
O lvl trapezius
N4trapezius*
* Rr.cutaneiposteriores
(Nn thoracici,
Rr posteriores)
lvl rhomboideus O
maJor
M latissimus
dorsiE
{ Rr.cutaneilaterales
pectorales
(Nn thoracici,
Nn,intercostales)
8',14
il r'"
,,.,'i,
812
F i g . 8 1 3 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e o c c i p i t arI e g i o n ,
R e g i oo c c i p i t a L itsh,e p o s t e r i o rc e r v i c a rI e g i o n ,
R e g i oc e r v i c a t i p
s o s t e r i o ra, n d t h e u p p e rb a c k
Topography
l/esselsand nerves
posteriorcervical
occioitalisexterna
Protuberantia
Venteroccipitalis
M. occipitofrontalis,
a M. epicranius;
maior
a N. occipitalis
l\4.semispinalis
capitisa
a A vertebralis
M rectuscapitisposteriormajora
o V auricularisoosterior
O V occipitalis
N suboccipitalis3
o V. vertebralis
A occipitalisO
O A occipitalis
M o b l i q u uas
capitissuperior
A vertebralisa
M spleniuscaoitiso
M. longissimus
capitiso
M obliquuscaoitisinteriora
O A. cervicalisprofunda
R posterior(C 2) a
o V cervicalisprofunda
M semispinalis
capitisa
R. posterior(C 3) ,
cervicis
a M. semispinalis
3 N accessorius[Xl]
e N dorsalisscaDulae
N accessorius
[Xl]a
R super{icialis
a
(A transversa
colli)
(4. transversa
Fl profundus
colli)a
c N dorsalisscaoulae
majoret minor
a Mm rhomboidei
15
F i g . 8 1 4 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e o c c i p i t arIe g i o n ,
R e g i oo c c i p i t a t i sa,n d t h e p o s t e r i o rc e r v i c a rI e g i o n ,
Regiocervicatisposterior.
81
> Back
tt
Cervicalpart of thevertebralcanal
i,!W
N occipitalis
major&
tertius
* N. occioitalis
M semispinalis
capitisa
M obliquuscapitissuperiorI
O M rectuscaoitisoosteriorminor
M, rectuscapitisposterior
majorI
Os temoorale.Proc mastoideus
A vertebralis,Parsatlanticaa
& N. suboccipitalis
N suboccipitalis
$
Atlas,Arcusposlerior
M obliquuscapitisinferiora
a M obliquuscapitisinferior
R posterior(C 2) *
a A vertebralis,Parstransversaria
N occipitalis
tertius*
o M rectuscapitisposteriormajor
Plexus cervicalis {}
ceruicis
a Mm intersoinales
&x
Y;,e
,dY
81tl
F i g . 8 1 5 N e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o rc e r v i c a rI e g i o n ,R e g i oc e r v i c a t i p
sosterior,
a n d t h e v e r t e b r a aI rrery, A . v e r t e b r a t i s
Sinussagittalis
superioro
Foramenmagnum
Sinustransversus
o
Cisterna
cerebellomedullaris
!&N suboccipitalis
Arachnoidea
matercranialis;
Cerebellum
Proc.transversusatlantis
Arachnoidea
materspinalis
O A vertebralis
Duramaterspinalis
Arachnoidea
materspinalis
,t N. occipitalismajor
& N occipitalistertius
&N spinalis,R posterior
M, scalenusmediusa
I
Lig denticulatum
VertebraceruicalisV
Proc transversus
& N s p i n a l i s , Ra n t e r i o r
N, cervicalis
[C7], r
Filaradiculariaposteiior-a
& N spinalis,
Ganglion
sensorium
aA vertebralis
Medullaspinalis
,s.t&{&
/4
F i g . 8 1 6 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e d e e pp o s t e r i o cr e r v i c a rI e g i o n ,
R e g i oc e r v i c a I i p
s o s t e r i o ra, n d t h e c o n t e n to f t h e v e r t e b r a cI a n a L .
Lumbarpart of the vertebralcanaL
Corpusvertebrae
Truncussympathicus,
Ganglion
truncisympathici
M e d u l l as p i n a l i s
R communicans
R meningeus
Badixanterior
Ganglion
neruispinalis
sensorium
ror"r"n intervertebrate
Truncusnervispinalis
]
R posterior
Radixposterior
N intercostalis
Canalisvertebralis
Costa
Arcusvertebrae
R lateralis
Proc spinosus
R medialis
Mm.dorsi
(R cutaneuslateralis)
(R cutaneusmedialis)
F i g . 8 1 7 S p i n a nL e r v e N
, .spinatis;
i n t h e t h o r a c i cr e o i o n
lumbalisll, Proc.costalis
Vertebra
Spatiumepidurale
Lig flavum
lumborum
* l\4.quadratus
a Plexusvenosus
posterior
vertebralis
internus
Duramaterspinalis
0 Mm intertransversarii
mediales
lumborum
Rr dorsales(A ;V lumbalis)
a a
materspinalis
Arachnoidea
Radicesanterioret posterior
Piamaterspinalis
V spinalisposterior
a
Proc,articularis
superior
Caudaequina
s M intertransversarius
lateralis
lumborum
R anterior
t M. intertransversarius
medialis
lumborum
Radixanterior.
Radixposterior,
Lig.iliolumbale
Duramaterspinalis
Os sacrum,Pars
lateralis
Arachnoidea
mater
spinalis
Spatiumepidurale;
Plexusvenosusa
vertebralis
internus
anterior (Spatium
subdurale)
Os coxae,Os ilium
Piamaterspinalis
Spatium
subarachnoideum
F i g . 8 1 8 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e [ u m b a rp a r t
o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI a n a LR
, e g i o[ u m b a t i s .
Os sacrum,Proc
articularis
superior
> Back
:,8
Veinsandnervesof thelumbarpart of the vertebralcolumn
Lig longitudinale
(V basivertebralis)
Plexusvenosusvertebralis
externusanterior
internus
anterior
internusposterior
V lumbalisascendens
intervertebralis)
posterior
externus
F i g . 8 1 9 V e i n so f t h e v e r t e b r a cLa n a [ ,C a n a t i sv e r t e b r a t i s ;
v e n o u sp t e x u s
Discusintervertebralis,
Anuluslibrosus
posterius
Lig longitudinale
R. meningeus
Ganglion
truncisympathici
B communicans
albus
Capsulaarticularis
griseus
R communicans
R anterior
B posterior
(R medialis)
(R lateralis)
Truncusnervispinalis
G a n g l i osne n s o r i u m
nervispinalis
F i g . 8 2 0 N e r v e so f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n ,C o t u m n av e r t e b r a l i s ;
s o m a t i ca n da u t o n o m o uisn n e r v a t i o n
fl:ei
Topography
and nervesof the vertebralcanal
Vessels
N spinalis,Radix anterior
Lig denticulatum
Truncusnervisoinalis.R communicans
TruncusnervisDinalis,
R anterior
nervispinalis
sensorium
Ganglion
Epineurium
Truncusnervispinalis,
R posterior
Duramaterspinalis
Ganglion
neruispinalis
sensorium
N spinalis,Radixposterior
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Piamaterspinalis
(Spatium
subdurale)
Dura mater spinalis
Plexusvenosus
Spatiumepidurale;
vertebralis
inlernusoosterior
Periosteum
Arachnoideamater spinalis
Fig.821 Conteno
t f t h e v e r t e b r a cLa n a t ,C a n a t i sv e r t e b r a t i s ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e l e v e Lo f t h e f i f t h c e r v i c avI e r t e b r a .
posterius
Lig longitudinale
Filumterminale
internus
anterior
Truncusnervispinalis,
R meningeus
Caudaequina
Ganglion trunci sympathici
N spinalis,Fladixanteriot
Truncusneruisoinalis.
B communicans
nervispinalis
sensorium
Ganglion
Truncus nervi soinalis.R anterior
Truncusnervispinalis,R, posterior
N, spinalis,Radix posterior
R lateralis
Arachnoideamater spinalis
R medialis
(Spatium
subdurale)
SDatium
subarachnoideum
Duramaterspinalis
Piamaterspinalis
Lig flavum
Spatiumepidurale
Periosteum
Fig,822 Conteno
t f t h e v e r t e b r a cI a n a LC, a n a L ivse r t e b r a t i s ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e l e v e Lo f t h e t h i r d [ u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
M us c tes
Lumbarandsacralpuncture
F i g . 8 2 3 L u m b a rp u n c t u r et o o b t a i n
c e r e b r o s p i n af lIu i d ,L i q u o rc e r e b r o s p i n a t i s ,
o r f o r [ u m b a La n a e s t h e s i a .
p o s i t i o no f t h e o a t i e n t .
Caudaequina
internusposterior
Vertebra
lumbalislll,
Proc.spinosus
Arachnoidea
matersoinalis
Duramatersoinalis
Lig. flavum
Lig interspinale
LaminaarcusvenebraelV
Fig.824 Lumbarpuncture;
g u i d a n coef t h ep u n c t u rnee e d L e .
Fig.825Sacratpuncture;
g u i d a n coef t h ep u n c t u rnee e d t e .
Vessels
andnervesof the vertebralcanal
Duramaterspinalis
N soinalis,Fila radicularia*
Arachnoidea
matersoinalis
anterior
anterior,
R radicularis
O A sDinalis
Proc articularis
superior
Lig. denticulatum
o Truncusnervispinalis,
R posterior
Ganglion
sensorium
neruispinallsI
a Truncusnervispinalis,
R anterior
Spatium
subarachnoideum
Arcusvertebrae
Arachnoidea
materspinalis
Rr.spinalesO
(A intercostalis
posterior)
& R meningeus
a Plexusvenosus
vertebralis
internus
anterior
Foveacostalisorocessustransversi
R interganglionaris6
Lig longitudinale
posterius
Corpusvertebrae
Truncussympathicus;
*
Rr communicantes
Ganglion
truncisympathici
&
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Fig.825 Conteno
t f t h e v e r t e b r a cLa n a t ,C a n a l i sv e r t e b r a t i s ;
t h o r a c i cp o r t i o na f t e r s t e p w i s ee x p o s u r e ;
ventraLview.
Soatiumsubarachnoideum
Radixanterior
Radixposterior
Lig. flavum
R communicans
I
Discusintervertebralis,
Anulusfibrosus
Fig.827a, b IntervertebraI
foramina,Foramlnaintervertebratia; a Viewedfrom the [eft
[ u m b a ro a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a cI o l u m n .
b Sagittatsection
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a l l
tt
Angulussterni
Angulusinfrasternalis
Arcuscostalis
Anulusumbilicalis
Spinailiacaanteriorsuperior
Fig.828 Surfaceanatomyof the thoracicand
a b d o m i n aw
l a [ [ o f a y o u n gw o m a n .
M deltoideus
M. pectoralismajor
Lineaalba
M. serratusanterior
M. rectusabdominis
M. rectusabdominis,
Intersectio
tendinea
Fig.829 Surfaceanatomyof the thoracicand
a b d o m i n aw
I a [ [ o f a y o u n gm a n .
Skeletonof the trunk
Extrel
jugularis
Incisura
Proc coracoideus
Corpussterni
Proc xiphoideus
Angulusinfrasternalis
Arcuscostalis
pubicum
Tuberculum
of the skeleton
Fig.830 Projection
l a[t.
o n t ot h e t h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n aw
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awt a l [
Skeletonof the trunk
VertebracervicalisVl
VertebrathoracicaI
Proc.coracoideus
Cavitasglenoidalis
Scapula
Costae verae
!-vill
Costalv
Sternum
Costaespuriae
vilt_xill
F i g . 8 3 1 T h o r a c i cc a g e ,C a v e at h o r a c i sa, n d
l e f t s h o u t d e rg i r d l . eC, i n g u t u mp e c t o r a t e .
Caputcostae
Tuberculum
musculi
scalenianterioris
Sulcusvenaesubclaviae
Sulcusarteriae
subclaviae
Collumcostae
Collumcostae,
Cristacollicostae
Corpuscostae
Anguluscostae
musculi
Tuberositas
serratianterioris
Anguluscostae
Corpuscostae
Faciesarticularis
capitiscostae
Cristacaoitiscostae
Collumcostae
Tuberculumcostae
Sulcuscostae
F i g . 8 3 2 R i b s ,C o s t a e ;
l . - l l l . r i b , s u p e r i o rv i e w ;
V l l l .r i b , i n f e r i o rv i e w .
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a l [
Musctes
Sternum
jugularis
Incisura
Incisura
clavicularis
Manubrium
sterni
Incisura
costalisI
Incisura
costalisll
Angulussterni
Symphysis
manubriosternalis
Incisura
costalislll
Corpussterni
Incisura
costalislV
Incisura
costalislV
Symphysis
xiphosternalis
Proc.xiphoideus
F i g .8 3 3 S t e r n u mS, t e r n u m .
F i g .8 3 4 S t e r n u mS, t e r n u m .
0rgans
Cartilago costalis I
Manubrium
sterni
manubriosternalis
Symphysis
intraarticulare
Lig sternocostale
Cartilagocostalis lll
Corpussterni
sternocostales
Articulationes
Cartilago
costalisV
cartilagocostalisvll
F i g ,8 3 5 S t e r n u m ,S t e r n u m ,a n d
c o s t a Ic a r t i L a g e sC,a r t i [ a g i n ecso s t a [ e s ;
s e c t i on .
Articulatio
sternoclavicularis,
Discusarticularis
Lig interclaviculare
Lig costoclaviculare
Lig costoclaviculare
Capsulaarticularis
anterius
Lig sternoclaviculare
Cartilaoocostalis l:
Synchondr6siscostae i
radiatum
Lig sternocostale
Cartilago costalis ll
manubriosternalis
Symphysis
F i g .8 3 6 S t e r n o c l a v i c u t jaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i os t e r n o c L a v i c u [ a r t s .
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awI a [ [
>>l
-
Musclesof thethoracicand theabdominalwaLL
M trapezius
Clavlcula
Spinascapulae
M, infraspinatus
M pectoralismajor,Parssternocostalis
M teresminor
M, teresmajor
M, deltoideus
Corpusmammae,
Lobiglandulae
mammariae
Papilla mammaria
M serratusanterior
M.triceps
0,".n',
{%TJ,,,,iJi3i#
M pectoralis
major,Parsabdominalis
M brachlalis
M. biceps brachii
lvl latissimusdorsi
Arcuscostalis
M obliquus
externusabdominis
Anulusumbilicalis
Trigonum
lumbale
Vaginamusculirectiabdominis,
Laminaanterior
superior
M obliquusexternus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
(Fascia glutea)
M tensor fasciae latae
M gluteusmaxlmus
M sartorius
) T 1 5 ,T 1 7 , T1 8 . T2 6
F i g .8 3 7 M u s c l e so f t h e t h o r a c i ca n d t h e a b d o m r n a L w a l . L .
M m . t h o r a c i se t a b d o m i n i s .
Musclesof the thoracicand theabdominalwall
Trigonum
clavipectorale
Mm sternocleidomastoidei
Platysma
Fascia
brachii
M deltoideus
Fascia axillaris
M, pectoralismajor,
Parsclavicularis
M. pectoralismajor,
Parssternocostalis
M. serratusanterior
M. latissimus
dorsi
Ligg. costoxiphoidea
M pectoralis
major,
Parsabdominalis
Linea alba
M obliquus
externusabdominis
Anulusumbilicalis
Laminaanterior
Spina iliaca anterior
supeflor
Telasubcutanea;
Panniculus
adiposus
Fibraeintercrurales
obliquusexternus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
Lig.reflexum
Funiculus
spermaticus
penis
Lig.tundiforme
penis
Lig suspensorium
F i g .8 3 8 M u s c t e so f t h e t h o r a c i ca n d t h e a b d o m i n a I w a t [ ;
superficia[layer.
) T 1 5 ,T 1 7 , t 1 8 , 12 6
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a t l
tt
a[",
Musclesof the thoracicand theabdominaL
wall
lvl pectoralis
major,Parsclavicularis
/
Vl intercostalis
internus
M deltoideus
(M sternalis,Var)
M subclavius
V axillaris
lvl pectoralis
minor
Plexus brachialis,
Pars in{raclavicularis
M coracobrachialis
lvl biceps brachii,
Caput breve
M pectoralis
malor
A axillaris
lvl pectoralis
mtnor
M serratus
antenor
Costa ll
M latissimus
dorsi
M serratusanterior
M pectoralismajor, Pars abdominalis
M, pectoralismajor,Parssternocostalis
M obliquus
externusabdominis
) T 1 3 ,T ' . t s , T2 6
F i g . 8 3 9 M u s c t e so f t h e t h o r a c i cw a L t ,M m . t h o r a c r s .
CostaVlll
M serratusanteri(
posterior
V intercostalis
posterior
A intercostalis
(T8)
N intercostalis
M intercostalis
internus
Pulmo
M intercostalis
externus
Pleuravisceralis
lpulmonalis]
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
Parscostalisdiaphragmatis
Hepar
Peritoneum
viscerale
parietale
Peritoneum
Recessus
costodiaphragmaticus
F i g .8 4 0 M u s c t e so f t h e t h o r a c i cw a t [ ,M m . t h o r a c i s ;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
* P o s i t i oonf t h en e e d l feo r p u n c t u roef t h ep l e u r acIa v i t Iyp L e u r o c e n t e s i s l
Musclesof the thoracicwall
Tuberculum
anteriuslcaroticum]
(Vertebra
cervicalis
Vl)
M. scalenusanterior
M longuscolli
Membrana
intercostalis
interna
Mm intercostales
interni
Lig longitudinale
anterius
Fig.841 Thoraciccage,Caveathoracis;
o o s t e r i ow
r aL[.
Cartilagocostalis I
M. sternothyroideus
Manubrium
sterni
Mm intercostalesinterni
M transversus
thoracis
Diaphragma,
Centrumtendineum
Foramenvenaecavae
Mm intercostales
interni
Proc.xiphoideus
F i g . 8 4 2 T h o r a c i cc a g e ,C a v e at h o r a c i s ;
a n t e r i o rw a L t .
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a l [
>>l
Abdominalmuscles
M, serratus
antenor
M. pectoralismajor,
Parsabdominalis
M obliquus
externus
abdominis
M rectusabdominis,
Intersectio
tendinea
Mm.
intercostales
interni
M. rectus
abdominis
M rectusabdominis
M. obliquus
externus
abdominis
Anulusumbilicalis
M. obliquus
externus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
Fibraeintercrurales
Funiculus
soermaticus:
M. cremaster
M pyramidalis
-> T 13-T15,T17,T26
Lig.reflexum
F i g . 8 4 3 M u s c l e so f t h e a b d o m i n a l w a tM
[ , m .a b d o m i n i s ;
s u p e r f i c i aaI n d m i d d t el a y e r .
0r gans
AbdominalmuscLes
M pectoralis
malor
lvl serratusanterior
lvl latissimus
dorsi
tu
v
M obliquusexternus
abdominis
Mm intercostales
externi
Vagina musculi
recti abdominis,
Lamina anterior
Mm intercostalesinterni
Cartilago costalis X
M rectusabdominis
M obliquus
externus
abdominis
M obliquusinternus
abdominis
supeflol
Lig inguinale
Anulus
icialis
inguinalis
superf
M pyramidalis
Funiculus
spermaticus;
M cremaster
l a t t ,M m . a b d o m i n i s ;
F i g . 8 1 1 M u s c t e so f t h e a b d o m i n aw
middtelayer.
) T 1 3 - T1 5 , T1 7
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awI a t l
tt
Abdominal
muscles
M rectus abdominis
M pectoralis
major
Mm intercostales
extern i
l\ilm intercostales
interni
h,
M latissimus
dorsl
M serratus
anterior
l\il obliquus
externus
abdominis
lvl obliquus
exlernus
abdominis
Intersectiones
tendineae
C o s t a el X : X
Vaginamusculi
rectiabdominis,
Laminaanterior
M rectus
abdominis
Vaginamusculirecti
abdominis,
Laminaposterior
M obliquus
internus
abdominis
L i n e as e m i l u n a r i s
M transversus
abdominis
Intersectio
tendinea
M obliquus
internusabdominis
M obliquus
internus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
Ltnea arcuata
Anulus
inguinalis
superficialis,
Crusmediale
Vagina musculi
recti abdominis,
Lamina anterior
Fascia
lransversalis
Funiculus
spermalrcus
Anulus
inguinalis
superficialis,
Cruslaterale
M rectusabdominis
F i g .8 4 5 M u s c l e so f t h e a b d o m i n a t w a LMt ,m a b d o m i n i s ;
deep layer.
[/ pyramidalis
Lig. falciforme
Diaphragma
Diaphragma
Lig.teres
hepatis
M. transversus
abdominis
M rectusabdominis
Fasciatransversalis
Plica umbilicalis
lateralis
Fossa inguinalislateralis
Plicaumbilicalis
medialis
Fossa inguinalismedialis
Fossaparavesicalis
Plica umbilicalis
mediana
l atl.
F i g .8 4 6 I n t e r n a ls u r f a c eo f t h e a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n aw
> T 1 4 , T1 5 , T2 1
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a t l
>>l
-
Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
lnguinalcanal
M obliquus
externusabdominis
M .o b l i q u u s
externus
abdominis
M obliquus
externus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
Linea alba
M obliquus
externusabdominis,
Aponeurosis
[/. obliquus
internus
abdominis
L i g .i n g u i n a l e
lvl cremaster
Lig reflexum
Lig fundiforme
penrs
/ll.:i
Funiculus
spermaticus
F i g . 8 1 7 S u p e r f i c i aiIn g u i n a rI i n g ,A n u I u si n g u i n a t i s u p e r f i c i a L i s
M. obliquusexternus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
M. obliquusinternus
abdominis
M lransversusabdominis
A n u l u si n g u i n a l i s
profundus
N ilioinguinalis
Fasciatransversalis
A..;W epigastica(e)
Inreflor(es)
A ductusdeferentis
Fascia transversalis
Ductusdeferens
N ilioinguinalis
Plexuspampiniformis
Anulus inguinalis
superficialis
N. genitofemoralis,
B genitalis
Lig reflexum
M cremaster
Lig inguinale
Fascia spermatica
F i g .8 4 8 W a t t so f t h e i n g u i n a cLa n a [ .
N genitofemoralis,
R genitalis
parietale
Peritoneum
Lio.
- umbilicalemedianum
(Chorda urachi)
Fasciatransversalis
M rectusabdominis
inlerior
A epigastrica
M transversusabdominis
Chorda arteriae umbilicalis
2
lAePigastricainferior
M obliquusinternusabdominis
M obliquus
externusabdominis
(Fasciasuperticialis)
M obliquusexternus
Aponeurosis
abdominis,
Fascia spermaticaexterna
Fascia cremaslerica;M cremaster
Fasciaspermaticainterna
Ductusdeferens
Septumscroti
Epididymis
Cavitasserosascroti
Testis
F i g .8 4 9 D i a g r a mo f t h e i n g u i n a cl a n a t .
T h e i n g u i n a cLa n a t ,t h e s p e r m a t i cc o r da n d t h e s c r o t u ma r e
i t t u s t r a t e di n t h e s a m e o t a n ef o r d i d a c t i c arIe a s o n s .
1 Fossasupravesicalis
medialis
2 Fossainguinalis
lateralis
Fossainguinalis
inferior
A epigastrica
parietale
Peritoneum
3
inferior
A. epigastrica
Anulusinguinalis
supedicialis
M transversus
abdominis
M. obliquus
externus
abdominis
M obliquus
internusabdominis
Anulusinguinalis
superficialis
(Fascia superficialis)
Fasciaspermatica
externa
Fascia
transversalis
Ductusdeferens
peritonei),
(Procvaginalis
parietale
Peritoneum
Fasciaspermatica
interna
Fasciacremasterica;
M cremaster
Fascia spermatica externa
F i g . 8 5 0 D i a g r a mo f i n g u i n ahl e r n i a s ;
[ e f ts i d e :[ a t e r a Li ,n d i r e c th e r n i a ;
r i g h t s i d e :m e d i a Ld, i r e c th e r n r a .
Ductusdeferens
Fascia spermatica interna
Fascia cremasterica;
M cremaster
Cavitasserosascroti
* H e r n i a sI a cw i t h a n i n t e s t i n al Lo o p
* * P e r i t o n e asIp a c e
* * * N e w l yf o r m e d p e r i t o n e a h
I e r n i a Is a c
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a [ [
tt
Diaphragmandposteriorabdominalwall
Parssternalis
diaphragmatis
FOramenvenae cavae
Parscostalisdiaphragmatis
Oesophagus, Pars abdominalis
M transversus
abdominis
Hiatusoesophageus
Centrum
tendineum
Hiatusaorticus
Truncus
coeliacus
Parsabdominalis
aortae
Parslumbalis
diaphraomatis.
Cius d-extrum
Lig arcuatum
mediale
Lig arcuatumlaterale
Fasciatransversalis
(lvl psoasminor)
Vertebrae
lumbales
lll: lV
M quadratus
tum00rum
Cristailiaca
l\4 transversus
abdominis
(M.psoasminor),
tenoo
M psoas
malor
M psoas
maJor
M. iliacus
M iliacus
Promontorium
Lacuna
vasorum
A temoralis
V femoralis
Lig. inguinale
Vesica urinaria
M, rectus
abdominis
) T 1 5 , 1 1 6 , 2T 1 , T/ + 2
F i g .8 5 1 D i a p h r a g mD
, i a p h r a g m aa,n d m u s c t e so f t h e
a b d o m i n awl a [ t ,M m . a b d o m r n r s
Parssternalis
diaphragmatis
W phrenicae inferiores
Proc xiphoideus
(Trioonum
interna,
A.; V thoracica
sternocostale):
R. phrenicoabdominalis
N. olhrenicus
sinister,
Centrumtendineum
Hiatus oesophageus:Oesophagus;
Trunci vagales anterior et posterior
N. phrenicus
sinister,
R. bhrenicoabdominalis
Foramen v cavae: V cava inferior
inferior
A phrenica
N phrenicusdexter,
R phrenicoabdominalis
major
N splanchnicus
Pars costalisdiaphragmatis
V hemiazygos
Lig arcuatum medianum
(Trigonum
lumbocostale)
Pars lumbalisdiaphragmatis,
Crus dextrum, (Pars lateralis)
minor
N splanchnicus
Lig arcuatum laterale
Hiatus aorticus:Aorta abdominalis; Ductus thoracicus
Costa Xll
Proc costalis
vertebrae lumbalis I
lumborum
l\4 quadratus
l\4 psoas malor
Lig arcuatum
mediale
V azygos
Truncussympathicus
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
Crusdextrum,(Parsmedialis)
, iaphragma
V cava inferior,W hepaticae
Parssternalis
diaphragmatis
Pericardium
Oesophagus, Pars abdominalis
Pars thoracica aortae
Parsthoracica
Oesophagus,
Pleura parietalis,Pars diaphragmatica
Centrumtendineum
l\4 latissimus
dorsi
Gaster.Parscardiaca
C o s t aV l l l
diaphragmatis,
Parslumbalis
(Parslateralis)
Crussinistrum,
CostaVll
l\4 serralusanterior
CostaVl
Hiatusaorticus
(Trigonum
Iumbocostale)*
Lig arcuatumIaterale**
M rectusabdominis
C o s t aV l l l
costaxll
M obliquus
externus
abdominis
M transversus
abdominis
Lig arcuatummediale
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
(Parsmedialis)
Crussinistrum,
M psoas major
Lig lumbocostale
lumborum
M quadratus
lumbalislll, Proc costalis
Vertebra
(M psoas minor)
M iliacus
, i a p h r a g m aw, i t h a p e r t u r e s
a n d m u s c t e so f t h e o o s t e r i o ra b d o m i n a I w a L [
* C [ i n i c at eI r m :B 0 C H D A L
sE
t rK
ianqte
* * P s o a as r c a d e
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a 1 1
M us c tes
Breast
M pectoralis
maJor
Papilla
mammana
Areola
mammae
Areola
mammae
Papilla
mammana
Glandulae
areorares
F i g . 8 5 4 B r e a s t ,M a m m a
F i g . 8 5 5 B r e a s t ,M a m m a .
DuctusIactiferi
Papilla
mammafla
s
Sinuslactilerus
Lobuli glandulae mammariae
F i g .8 5 6 B r e a s t ,M a m m a ,o f a p r e g n a n w
t oman
F i g .8 5 7 B r e a s t ,M a m m a ,o f a p r e g n a nw
t oman.
F i g . 8 5 8 R a d i o g r a po
hf t h e b r e a s t ,
m a m m o g r a p h yo, f a 4 7- y e a r - o l dw o m a n
Nodi lymphoideiceruicalesanteriores,Nodi profundi
Nodi lymphoideiparasternales
Nodi lymphoideisupraclaviculares
Nodi lymphoideideltopectorales
Nodi lymphoidei
axillares
Nodi lymphoidel
brachiales
Nodus lymphoideus
paramammaflus
'''l'ii'':'
F i g .8 5 9 L y m p h a t i cd r a i n a g eo f t h e b r e a s ta n d
l o c a t i o no f t h e r e g i o n a lLy m p hn o d e s .
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awI a l t
M us c l es
Vessels
andnervesof the waLIof the trunk
Nn.supraclaviculares:
&
A ; V cervicalis
superficialis
Oa
a V cephalica
Plexusvenosusareolaris
o
V thoracica
lateralis;
a O
N thoracicus
[T2],
N. intercostalis,
R cutaneuslateralis
pectoralis
aA thoracicainterna*;
a W thoracicae
internae
V thoraco-a
epigastrica
* Nn thoracici,
Nn. intercostales,
Rr cutanei anteriores
superior
a a A ; V epigastrica
T5
T6
Nn thoracici,
t,
N n intercostales,
Rr cutanei
T7
abdominis
a M obliquusexternus
T8
pecrorares
T9
T10
T11
r12
Vv paraumbilicales
o
Anulusumbilicalis
W subcutaneae
abdominis
a
A ; V circumflexa
iliumsuperficialis
a a
genitofemoralis,
&,
R femoralis
O O A ;V epigasvica inferior
A;VepigastricaOo
superficialis
& N, iliohypogastricus,
R cutaneus
anterior
A pudenda externa; a
Vv pudendae externae a
a M rectusabdominis
N femoralis,i:
R cutaneus anterior
V saphena magna o
* N ilioinguinalis
F i g .8 6 0 V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t h o r a c i ca n d t h e a b d o m i n aw
I aL[
* C t i n i c at eI r m ;i n t e r n amLa m m a rayr t e r v
0rqans
Topography I Sections
Segmentalinnervation
F i g .8 6 1 S e g m e n t saeI n s o r iyn n e r v a t i oonf t h e
a n t e r i otrh o r a c iac n da b d o m i n a
wIa [ [[ d e r m a t o m e s ] .
(C4)
Diaphragma
Oesophagus(T4,T5)
Hepar;Vesicabiliaris
(r8 -T11)
tenue
lntestinum
(r10)
lntestinumcrassum
(T11)
Ren;Testis
( T 1 0- L 1 )
Fig.862 SegmentaIsensoryinnervationof the
a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n aw
I at[.
R e g i o n st o w h i c h p a i nf r o m d i s e a s e dv i s c e r a
(zonesof HEAD)is referredto are indicatedin grey.
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a t t
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
plexus
Lumbosacral
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
Crusdextruma
Lig arcuatum laterale
a N subcostalis
M quadratus
lumborum
I
a N iliohypogastricus
N subcostalis
a
N iliohypogastricus,
! N. ilioinguinalis
N ilioinguinalis
I
o Plexus lumbalis
M. psoasmajora
M obliquusa
externusabdominis
O Truncussympathicus
M obliquuso
internus
abdominis
M transversusa
abdominis
o N femoralis
N. cutaneus*
femorislateralis
t Truncuslumbosacralis
N femoralis *
t N genitofemoralis
,t N. obturatorius
N genitofemoralis,&
R femoralis
0 Plexussacralis
N genitofemoralis,&
R genitalis
a N cutaneus
femorislateralis
N obturatorius&
N cutaneus&
femorislateralis
N genitofemoralis,*
Br. lemorales
N femoralis, o
Rr cutaneianteriores
Lamina cribrosa
V saphenamagnaa
N. genitofemoralis,Rr genitales a
Funiculus
spermaticus
, [ e x u s[ u m b o s a c r a t i s .
F i g ,8 6 3 L u m b o s a c r apI l e x u s P
O r g a n sI T o p o g r a p h yl S e c t i o n s
anteriorwall of the
Manubrium
sterni
A, thoracica
internaa
A pericardiacophrenica a
interna
a A thoracica
interna
a V thoracica
Costa
Rr perforantesO
anteriores
a a Rr intercostales
M transversus
thoracisa
ooA;Vmusculophrenica
A. thoracica
interna,O
Rr intercostales
anteriores
superior
o aA ;V epigastrica
A musculophrenica
a
C Diaphragma
Fasciatransversalis
M rectusabdominis
a
Vaginamusculi
rectiabdominis,
Laminaposterior
interior
oA epigastrica
inlerior
a V epigastrica
Fig.86t, Vesselsof the
a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n a t
aA
iliacaexterna
A carotiscommunis
dextra
A subclavia
dextra
A thoracicainterna
[Aorta thoracica]
A. epigastrica
superior
Pars abdominalisaortae
[Aorta abdominalis]
M rectusabdominis
F i g . 8 6 5 D i a g r a mo f t h e c o t t a t e r a l
c i r c u t a t i o vn i a t h e i n t e r n a It h o r a c i ca r t e r y ,
A t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a t, h e s u p e r i o re p i g a s t r i c
a r t e r y ,A . e p i g a s t r i c sau p e r i o r a
, ndthe
i n f e r i o re p i g a s t r i ca r t e r y ,A . e p i g a s t r i c a
i n f e r i o r ,i n t h e c a s eo f a o r t i co c c I u s i o n ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t .
A epigastrica
inferior
A iliaca externa
Lig inguinale
A femoralis
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awt a t l
M us c [es
Abdominal
wallof a neonate
M rectusabdominis
N
OOA;Vepigastrica
supenor
M transversus
abdominis
C
Vagina musculi recti abdominis,Lamina posterior
N thoracicus[T8], ,' a O
N intercostalis:A : V, intercostalis
Proc xiphoideus , Funiculus
umbilicalis
a M serratusanterior
N thoracicus
[T9],rr O o
N intercostalis;
A ; V intercostalis
Cartilago
costalisVlll
Vaginamusculi
rectiabdominis,
Laminaanterior
e M obliquus
externus
abdominis
N t h o r a c i c u s ar o
lr10l,
N intercostalis;
A ; V intercostalis
a V umbilicalis
N thoracicus
r, a a
lr11l,
N intercostalis;
A; V intercostalis
O Aa umbilicales
M obliquusC
exrernus
abdominis
Lineaarcuata
N thoracicus
[T12],,
N intercostalis
Vaginamusculirecti
abdominis,
Laminaposterior
Urachus
Peritoneumviscerale
--. Anulus
Ingurnails
dextra
a A umbilicalis
O A vesicalissuperior
.-a
errno*iniatic
Vesicaurinaria
M o b l i q u uO
s
internus
abdominis
lvl cremaster|)
Spatiumretropubicum
Fasciaspermatica
interna
a Vv vesicales
Fasciaspermatica
externao
M obliquusexternusabdominis,
e
Aponeurosis
a M rectusabdominis
A testicularis
O
* Mm pyramidales
Plexus pampiniformisa
Ductusdeferens
l\4 cremastere
Tunica vaginalistestis, Lamina parietalis
Fascia soermaticainterna
Tunica dartos, M dados t
externa
t Fasciaspermatica
(Gubernaculum
testis)
F i g .8 6 6 A n t e r i o ra b d o m i n a L w aot Lf a n e o n a t e .
lnnercontourof the anteriorabdominalwall
M rectusabdominis
Lig teres hepatis;V umbilicalis
Fossasupravesicalis
Lineaarcuata
Plica umbilicalismediana
Plica umbilicalismedialis
Plica umbilicalislateralis
Plica vesicalistransversa
V testicularis
M iliacus
A;V
iliacaexterna
A:V iliacaexterna
A umbilicalis
AmDUllaductus deferentis
Ureter,Parspelvica
F i g . 8 6 7 A n t e r i oa
r b d o m r n a I w aot [f a n e o n a t e .
Lig falciforme
(hepatis)
M obliquusexternus
abdominis
M obliquusinternus
abdominis
Linea arcuata
M transversus
abdominis
Plica umbilicalis
mediana
Chorda arteriae
umbilicalis
Plica umbilicalis
medialis
M rectusabdominis
femoris
N cutaneus
lateralis
Plica umbilicalis
lateralis
inferior
A ; V epigastrica
l\4 iliopsoas
N femoralis
profundus
Anulusinguinalis
A ;V femoralis
Arcusiliopectineus
Fossa acetabuli
Vasatesticularia
Ductusdeferens
N obturatorius;
A ; V obturatoria
Fossasupravesicalis
Ureter
Vesicaurinaria
F i g .8 6 8 A n t e r i o ra b d o m i n aw
I a[t,
i n t e r n a Ia s p e c t .
Lig interfoveolare
> T h o r a c i ca n da b d o m i n awl a l l
M us c [es
Abdominalwall,sections
M rectusabdominis
Telasubcutanea,
Panniculus
adiposus
A; Vv epigastrica(e)
superio(es)
Aponeurosis
M obliquus
externusabdominis,
Vaginamusculi
rectiabdominis
Laminaanterior
a
M obliouusinternus
abdominis
V paraumbilicalis
Lig teres hepatis
Lig falcitorme
Umbilicus
M obliquusexternus
abdominis
M lransversus
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
Mm intercostales
M transversus
abdominis
M rectusabdominis
Anulusumbilicalis
Plica umbilicalismediana; Lig umbilicalemedianum
(Chorda urachi)
Vaginamusculirecti
abdominis,
Lamina
M. obliquusexternus
abdominis
M pyramidalis
anlerior
z
M. rectus abdominis
M obliquus
internus
abdominis
A ; W epigastrica(e)
inferior(es)
c
M transversus
abdominis
Plica umbilicalis
lateralis
M. obliquusinternus
abdominis
lvl obliquus
externus
abdominis
Vertebra
lumbalis;
Corpusvertebrae
(M psoasminor)
M. psoasmajor
M quadratus
lumborum
Alaossisilium
M iliocostalis
tumoorum
M longissimus
thoracis
Fascia
thoracolumbalis
M latissimus
oorsl
M gluteusmedius
M iliacus
869a
869b
869c
T 6 , I 2 0 a , b , T4 2
> T 1 I + -1
F i g .8 5 9 a - c M u s c t e so f t h e a b d o m i n aw
l a t [ ,M m . a b d o m i n i s ;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n s .
Diaphragma,
ParscostalisO
a Diaphragma,
Centrumtendineum
CostaVll
CostaVlll
a a A.;V intercostalis;
(T8)
,!, N intercostalis
CostalX
CostaX
a, N subcostalis
Fasciatransversalis
parietale
Peritoneum
* N iliohypogastricus
M obliquus
externusabdominis
o
l\4 obliquusinternusabdominis
o
* N ilioinguinalis
M transversus
abdominis
a
Crista iliaca
& N cutaneus
femorislateralis
M tensor fasciae latae O
& N femoralis
M iliopsoas
a
a A. femoralis
a V femoralis
pubica
Symphysis
F i g .8 7 0 M u s c t eosf t h e a b d o m i n a I w a tM
t ,m . a b d o m i n i s ;
f r o n t asI e c t i o n .
M obliquus
externusabdominis,
Aponeurosis
M obliquusinternus
Aponeurosis
abdominis,
M obliouusinternus
abdominis
Aponeurosis
M obliquus
externusabdominis,
M obliouusinternusabdominis
F i g .8 7 1a , b M u s c [ eosf t h e a b d o m i n a I w a tM
[ ,m . a b d o m i n i s ;
c o m p u t etdo m o g r a p hci cr o s s - s e c t i o nl sC T l .
Heart
A carotiscommunis
sinistra
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
A subclavia
sinistra
Arcusaortae
Lig arteriosum
V cavasuperior
A. pulmonalis
sinistra
Truncuspulmonalis
A pulmonalis
dextra
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparietalis
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparietalis
Auriculasinistra
V cardiaca [cordis] magna
Auriculadextra
A coronaria
sinistra,
R. circumllexus
Conusaderiosus
Atriumcordisdextrum
A. coronaria
sinistra,
R interventricularis
anterior
V interuentricularis
anlenor
V cardiaca[cordis]
parva
Ventriculus
cordis
sinister
A coronariadextra
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminavisceralis
IEpicardium]
Apexcordis
Pericardium
serosum.LaminaDarietalis
Abb.872 Heart,Cor.
Pericardium
fibrosum
Pericardium
serosum
P e r i c radi u m
L a m i n ap a r i e t a t i s
L a m i n av i s c e r a L i s
Epicardium
V vertebralis
V brachiocephalicasinistra
sinistra
A. carotiscommunis
A subclavia
sinistra
V brachioceohalica dextra
Truncusbrachioceohalicus
Arcusaortae
Aa intercostales
oosteriores
v azygos
Parsascendensaortae
[Aortaascendens]
Parsdescendens
aortae[Aortadescendens]
V cavasuperior
Lig,arteriosum
"**
trunciDulmonalis
Bifurcatio
A. pulmonalis
sinistra
Pericardium
dextra
A. pulmonalis
Truncuspulmonalis
W. pulmonalesdextrae
W pulmonales
sinistrae
Auricula
sinistra
V cardiaca [cordis] magna
Atriumcordissinistrum
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparietalis
W atrialessinistrae
Atriumcordisdextrum
Sulcusterminalis
V cavainferior
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Sinuscoronarius
Sulcuscoronarius
Apexcordis
posterior
A coronariadextra,B. interventricularis
cordisdexter
Ventriculus
F i g . 8 7 3 H e a r t ,C o r ,a n d g r e a tv e s s e t s ;
dorsaIview.
* A r r o w i n t h e t r a n s v e r s eo e r i c a r d i asI i n u s
* * D o u b t ea r r o w s i n t h e o b t i q u ep e r i c a r d i a sLi n u s
* * + R e m n a n t so f t h e f o e t a td u c t u sa r t e r i o s u sI g o t l L L o ' s t i g a m e n t J
Myocardium
Truncuspulmonalis
V cava
supenor
Atrium
cordis
dextrum
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Ventriculus
cordis
oexter
Sulcus
interuentricularis
anterior
Sulcusinterventricularis
anterior
Vortexcordis
F i g .8 7 1 M y o c a r d i u mM, y o c a r d i u m ;
ventraIview.
Apexcordis
posterior
v i e w e df r o m t h e a p e xo f t h e h e a r t .
A. pulmonalis
dextra
Bifurcatiotruncipulmonalis
V cavasuperior
W pulmonales
dextrae
W pulmonales
sinistrae
Atrium cordis
oexlrum
V cava inlerior
Sulcuscoronarius
Sinus coronarius
Ventriculus
cordis
dexter
posterior
d o r s o i n f e r i ovri e w
0esopha
Valvatrunci
pulmonalis
sinistra
Valvulasemilunaris
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Valvulasemilunaris
dextra
Valva aortae
Valvulasemilunaris
posterior
Trigonum
fibrosum
sinistrum
Trigonum
fibrosumdextrum
Anulusfibrosussinister
Anulus
fibrosus
dexter
Cuspis
commissuralis
sinistra
Valva
atrioventricularis
Cuspisposterior
sinistra
IValvamitralisl
Cuspisanterior
Valva
atrioventricularis
dextra [Valva
tricuspidalisl
Cusoiscommissuralis
dextra
Fig.877 Valvesof the heart,Valvaecordis;
S U p e f l ovr t e w
V cavasuperior
Valvaaortae
Valvaatrioventricularis
dextra
Apex cordis
F i g . 8 7 8 C o n t o u ro f t h e h e a r t ,v a L v eosf t h e h e a r t ,a n d p o i n t so f
a u s c u t t a t i o pn r o j e c t e do n t ot h e a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i cw a [ [ [ c i r c t e s ] .
ee
l h e a r tm u r m u r s
T h e h e a r ts o u n d sa n d l w h e r ea p p l . i c a b l t. h
a r e s p r e a d i n gi n t h e d i r e c t i o no f t h e a r r o w s .
> Thoracicviscera
Lungs
lnternaL
spacesof the heart
Ostiumatriovenviculare
dextrum
Pars ascendens aortae
Septuminteratriale
Mm pectinati
V cavasuperior
Auriculadextra
Foramina
venarum
mrnrmarum
A coronaria
dextra
Limbus fossae ovalis
Atriumcordisdextrum
dextra
vu-Prr
Tuberculum
Intervenosum
ar rrcr rul
l\4 papillarisseptalis
Fossaovalis
M papillaris
anterior
V cava inferior
dextra,
Cuspisseptalis
Valvulavenae cavae inferioris
Ostiumsinuscoronarii
Valvulasinuscoronarii
Septuminterventriculare,
Parsmuscularis
dextra,Cuspisposterior
posteriores
Mm papillares
Trabecula
septomarginalis
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
F i g . 8 7 9 R i g h ta t r i u m ,A t r i u m c o r d i sd e x t r u m ,
a n d r i g h tv e n t r i c [ eV, e n t r i c u [ u cs o r d i sd e x t e r ;
V C N I T A LV I E W .
l\4yocardium
Pericardium
serosum,
Lamina visceralisIEpicardium]
V cavasuperior
W pulmonales
dextrae
Septuminteratriale
Foramen ovale
Limbuslossaeovalis
V cavainferior
F i g . 8 8 0 R i g h ta t r i u m ,A t r i u m c o r d i sd e x t r u m ,
of a neonate;
ventraL
v i e wf r o m t h e r i q h r .
Apexcordis
Auriculadextra
dextra
IValvatricuspidalis]
Ostiumatrioventriculare
dextrum
V pulmonalis
sinistrasuperior
Myocardium
dextrae
W pulmonales
Auriculasinistra
V cardiaca [cordis]magna
Atriumcordis
sinistrum,
Septum
interatriale
sinistrum
V pulmonalis
sinistra
inferior
Valvula foraminis ovalis
(Falx septi)
M papillaris
anterior
sinistra,
Cuspis
posterior
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminavisceralis
IEpicardium]
Chordae tendineae
posterior
M papillaris
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Myocardium
Parsmuscularis
Seotuminterventriculare.
F i g .8 8 1 L e f ta t r i u mA
, t r i u mc o r d i s i n i s t r u m ,
a n dL e fvt e n t r i c [ e
V,e n t r i c u [ uc so r d i s i n i s t e r ;
[ateraIview.
Bulbusaortae
Trabeculae carneae
Apexcordis
Lunulavalvulaesemilunaris
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
A. coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria
sinistra,
anterior
Pars
Seotuminterventriculare,
membranacea
Sinusaortae
Truncuspulmonalis
lvlyocardium
Chordae tendineae
M papillaris
posterior
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
A coronariadextra
Nodulusvalvulaesemilunaris
Auriculadextra
Valvulasemilunaris
dextra
Valvulasemilunaris
oosterior
sinistrum
sinistra,
Cusoisanterior
F i g .8 8 2 L e f t v e n t r i c [ eV, e n t r i c u L ucso r d i ss i n i s t e r ,
a n d a s c e n d i n ga o r t a ,A o r t aa s c e n d e n s ;
o f t h e c u s p so f t h e a o r t i cv a t v e( a r r o w s i)n
Dosition
t h e i r p o s i t i o na t t h e f i L t i n g
p h a s eo f t h e h e a r t( d i a s t o L e l ;
LateraIview.
M papillaris
anterior
Ventriculus
cordissinister
> Thoracic
viscera
lnternalspacesof the heart
Valvaaortae,Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Valva aortae, Valvula
semilunarisposterior
Akiumcordissinistrum
Parsascendens
Cuspisanterior
vatuaatriouentricularis
sinistra
Cuspisposterior )
Sinusaortae
Auriculadextra
A coronariadextra
Septuminterventriculare,
Parsmembranacea
M papillarisposterior
dextra,
Cuspisposterior
dextra,
Cuspisseptalis
l\/ papillarisanterior
M papillarisanteriol
M papillarisposterior
Apexcordis
Seotuminterventriculare.
Parsmuscularis
F i g . 8 8 3 L e f t a n d r i g h tv e n t r i c t eV, e n t r i c u t ucso r d i s
s i n i s t e re t d e x t e r .
V interventricularis
anterior
Sulcusinteruentricularis
anterior
A. coronaria
sinistra,
anterior
Pericardium
serosum,Laminavisceralis
IEpicardium]
lvlyocardium
Endocardium
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
axis of the heart
Trabecula
septomarginalis
M papillaris
anterior
A. coronariadextra,
R marginalis
dexter
Myocardium
A coronaria
sinistra,
R marginalis
sinister
posterior
M. papillaris
Trabeculaecarneae
Ventriculus
cordissinister
SeDtuminterventriculare.
Parsmuscularis
posteriores
Mm papillares
Chordae tendineae
V cardiaca [cordisl media
[V interventricularisposterior]
dextraIValvatricuspidalis],
uusprsseprails
oosterior
posterior
A coronariadextra,R. interventricularis
F i g . 8 8 4 L e f ta n dr i g h tv e n t r i c t e
V,e n t r i c u [ uc so r d i s
s i n i s t eer t d e x t e r ;
s u p e n ovr r e w .
0esophagus
lnternalspacesof theheart
M papillaris
anterior
posterior
M. papillaris
F i g .8 8 5 L e f tv e n t r i c t eV, e n t r i c u [ u cs o r d i ss i n i s t e r ;
ventrosuoeriorview from the teft.
dextra,Cuspisposterior
M papillaris
posterior
Trabecula
septomarginalis
F i g . 8 8 6 R i g h tv e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u t u cs o r d i sd e x t e r ;
dorsaLview.
l*ungs
Parsascendens
aortae
V cavasuperior
Truncuspulmonalis
A coronaria
sinistra
Sinustruncipulmonalis
Ostiumvenaecavaesuperioris
Valvatruncipulmonalis,
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Atriumcordisdextrum
Sinusaortae
Valvaaortae,Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Nodus sinuatrialis
Fasciculus
atrioventricularis
Crusdextrum
Ostium venae cavae
inferioris
Nodusatrioventricularis
Valvulavenae cavae
inferioris
lvl.papillaris
anterior
Valvaatriovenlricularis
dextra,
Cuspisanterior
F i g .8 8 7 R i g h ta t r i u m ,A t r i u m c o r d i sd e x t r u m ,
a n d r i g h tv e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u L ucso r d i sd e x t e r ;
conducting
s y s t e m ,C o m p L e x usst i m u L a ncso r d i s
l S y s t e m ac o n d u c e n t ce o r d i s ] h
, ightighted
inyeltow;
ventraLview.
Pars ascendens aortae
Sinusaortae
A coronariadextra
Valvula semilunaris
)
posreflor
I
..
l Valva aortae
ValVUlaSemllunarlsI
dextra
)
Septumatrioventriculare
sinistra,
Cuspisanterior
Truncuspulmonalis
A coronaria
sinistra
Fasciculus
atrioventricularis,
Crussinistrum
M. papillaris
anterior
Ventriculus
cordissinister
F i g . 8 8 8 L e f tv e n t r i c L eV,e n t r i c u t ucso r d i ss i n i s t e r ;
conducting
s y s t e m ,C o m p t e x u s t i m u t a n sc o r d i s
l S y s t e m ac o n d u c e n t ceo r d i s ] h
, i g h l . i g h t ei d
nyetLow;
v e n t r a Iv i e wf r o m t h e l e f t
0esophagus
N vagus[X]
Ganglion
cervicale
supenus
N cardiacuscervicalis
supenor
cervicale
Ganglion
meorum
N laryngeus
recurrens
N. laryngeusrecurrens
Ganglion
cervicothoracicum
stellatuml
[Ganglion
N cardiacuscervicalis
medius
N. cardiacuscervicalis
inlerior
Plexuscardiacus
F i g . 8 8 9 I n n e r v a t i oonf t h e h e a r td, i a g r a m ;
s y m p a t h e ttircu n k :g r e e nv; a g u sn e r y ep: u r p t e .
* T h e b r a n c h e sb e y o n dt h e c a r d i a cp l e x u sc o n t a i n
s y m p a t h e t i ca n d v a g a If i b r e s .
Fasciculus
atrioventricularis
V cava
inferior
Nodus
sinuavialis
Crus
sinistrum
Nodus
atrioventricularis
of heart,
ng
F i g . 8 9 0 C o n d u c t i system
cordis]
conducente
s
;
C o m o l e x usst i m u [ a ncordis
[Systema
s e c t i oa
n t t h eo t a n eo f t h ea x i so f t h eh e a r t .
Crus
dextrum
Rr.subendocardiales
Septum
interventriculare
Arcusaortae
Lig arteriosum
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparietalis
V cavasuperior
A pulmonalissinistra
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparjetalis
T r u n c upsu l m o n a l i s
A, pulmonalis
dextra
Parsascendensaortae
A coronaria
sinistra
Sinustransversus
pericardli
Atriumcordissinistrum,
Auriculasinistra
V cardiaca [cordis]magna
coronaria
dextra
A coronaria
sinistra,
R circumflexus
Auriculadextra
Conusarteriosus
Atriumcordisdextrum
A coronaria
slnistra,
R interuentricularisanterior
Vv ventriculidextri
antenores
V interventricularis
anterior
R atrialis
Fig,891 Coronaryarteries,
A a .c o r o n a r i a e ;
ventraL
view
A r r o w i n t h e t r a n s v e r s ep e r i c a r d i asLi n u s
R marginalisdexter
Apexcordis
Incisura
apiciscordis
Valvulasemilunaris
anterior
Valva
semilunaris
trunci Valvula
dextra
pulmonalis
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Truncuspulmonalis
B interventricularis
anterior
A coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria dextra
R n o d is i n u a t r i a l i s
R circumflexus
Anulusfibrosus
dexter
Trigonum
fibrosum
sinistrum
Trigonum
fibrosum
dextrum
V cardiaca[cordis]
magna
Fasciculus
atrioventricularis
Anulusfibrosus
sinister
R marginalis
dexter
R marginalis
sinister
Fig. 8j2 Coronaryarieries,
A a .c o r o n a r i a e ;
s u p e n o rv t e w
Ostium
slnuscoronafll
V cardiaca lcordis] media
[V interventricuhrispdsterior]
A coronariadextra,
R interventricularisposterior
A coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria
dextra,
posterior
F i g . 8 9 3 V a r i a b i t i toy f t h e c o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s .
T h e c o n u sa r t e r i o s u sb r a n c ha r i s e sf r o m t h e
a o r t aa s a n i n d e p e n d e nat r t e r yt - 3 7 " / " ) .
of the heart
Arcusaortae
A. pulmonalisdextra
Pericardium
V cavasuperior
Bilurcatio
trunciDulmonalis
Pericardium
A pulmonalis
sinistra
W pulmonalesdextrae
W oulmonales
sinistrae
Sinusvenarumcavarum
Auriculasinistra
V obliouaatriisinistra
Pericardium
V cardiaca magna
cordis
Sulcusterminalis
A coronariasinistra,
R circumllexus
Sinuscoronarius
Atriumcordisdextrum
ventriculi
sinistri
poslenor
V cava inferior
Sulcuscoronarius
V cardiacalcordis]parva
A coronariadextra
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Ventriculuscordisdexter
V cardiaca [cordis] media
[v interventricularis posterior]
posterior
Apexcordis
Incisura
apiciscordis
F i g . 8 9 4 V e i n so f t h e h e a r t ,V v .c o r d i s .
A coronaria
sinistra,
R circumllexus
A coronaria
sinistra,
R posterior
ventriculi
sinistri
A coronariadextra,
posterior
A. coronariadextra
F i g .8 9 5 a - c V a r i a t i o n isn t h e a r t e r i a Is u p p l . oy f t h e
p o s t e r i o ra s p e c to f t h e h e a r t ;
dorsaIview.
coronary
arterysuPPtY
a Batanced
arterysupply
[eftcoronary
b Dominant
c D o m i n a nr it g h tc o r o n a rayr t e r ys u p p t y
Coronaryarteries,variabilityof supply
A coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria
dextra
R circumflexus
R nodi sinuatrialis
anterior
Flr interuentriculares
seotales
R coni arteriosi
R lateralis
R marginalis
sinister
R atrialis
F i g .8 9 6 C o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s A
, a .c o r o n a r i a e ;
posterioa
r r t e r i a Ib r a n c h e sa r e s h o w ni n a
L i g h t ecr o [ o u r ;
t h e p o s t e r i o ri n t e r v e n t r i c u L ba r a n c ha r i s e s
f r o m t h e r i g h t c o r o n a r ya r t e r yI b a L a n c ecdo r o n a r y
a r t e r ys u p p L y ) ;
v e n t r a tv t e w
B lateralis
R nodi
atrioventncularis
Rr,atriales
Rr interuentriculares
seprares
R marginalis
dexter
( R posterolateralis
dexter)
R posterior
ventriculi
sinistri
Rr atrioventriculares
posterior
R interuentricularis
A coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria dextra
R, circumflexus
R nodi sinuatrialis
anterior
R atrialis
R coni arteriosi
R lateralis
R marginalis
sinister
Rr interventriculares
septales
R atrialis
F i g , 8 9 7 C o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s A
t h e p o s t e r i o ri n t e r v e n t r i c u l abrr a n c ha r i s e sf r o m
t h e t e f tc o r o n a r ya r t e r yI d o m i n a n [t e f t c o r o n a r y
a r t e r ys u p p l y l ;
ventraLview.
Rr posteriores
ventriculi
sinistri
R marginalisdexter
seotales
posterior
A coronaria
dextra
R nodi sinuatrialis
R circumflexus
anterior
R atrialis
R coni arteriosi
atrioventriculares
R lateralis
R marginalis
sinister
R atrialis
R nodi
atriovenlricularis
F i g .8 9 8 C o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s A
r a L Io f t h e v e n t r i c L eiss
t h e p o s t e r i ow
m a i n [ ys u p p t i e db y b r a n c h e so f t h e
r i g h t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y{ d o m i n a n rt i g h t c o r o n a r y
a r t e r ys u p p t y ) ;
v e n t r a Iv i e w
A coronaria
sinistra
septales
R lateralis
R posterior
ventriculi
sinistri
R marginalisdexter
postenor
septales
(R posterolateralls
dexte0
Coronary a rteries, radiography
A. coronaria
sinistra
A coronaria
sinistra,
R marginalis
sinister
A coronaria
sinistra,
R circumflexus
sinistra,
A coronaria
septales
A coronariasinistra,
anterior
R. interventricularis
A coronaria
sinistra,
posterior,var
Diaphragma
F i g ,8 9 9 L e f t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y ,A . c o r o n a r i as i n i s t r a .
c o r o n a r ya n g i o g r a p h y ;
* C a t h e t e irn t h e a o r t aa n d i n t h e
o p e n i n go { t h e t e f t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y
t h e b e a mi s d i r e c t e do b t i q u e t fyr o m r i g h t a n t e r i o rt o [ e f t
o o s t e r i o r{ R A O J .
sinistra
A. coronaria
sinistra,
A. coronaria
B marginalis
sinister
A coronaria
sinistra,
R. circumllexus
A. coronaria
sinistra,
R. interventricularis
anterior
A coronaria
sinistra,
septales
A coronaria
sinistra,
posterior,Var
Diaphragma
F i g . 9 0 0 L e f t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y ,A . c o r o n a r i as i n i s t r a ;
c o r o n a r ya n g i o g r a p h y ;
* C a t h e t e ri n t h e a o r t i c b u t b
a n d i n t h e o p e n i n go f t h e l e f t
c o r o n a r ya r t e r y
* * S h a d o wo f t h e c a t h e t e ri n t h e
d e s c e n d i n gt h o r a c i ca o r t a
t h e b e a m i s d i r e c t e do b t i q u e t fyr o m l e f t a n t e r i o rt o r i g h t
o o s t e r i o rI L A O ] .
A coronaria
dextra,
R, coniarteriosi
A coronariadextra,
R atrioventricularis
A coronariadextra
A coronariadextra,
R marginalisdexter
Diaphragma
A coronaria
dextra,
posterior
R interuentricularis
A coronaria
dextra,
(R posterolateralis
dexteo
F i g . 9 0 1 R i g hct o r o n a rayr t e r yA, . c o r o n a r i ad e x t r a ;
c o r o n a rayn g i o g r a p h y ;
* C a t h e t e irn t h e a o r t aa n d i n t h e
o p e n i n go f t h e r i g h t c o r o n a r y
artery
+ +S h a d o wo f t h e c a t h e t e ri n t h e
d e s c e n d i n gt h o r a c i ca o r t a
t h e b e a m i s d i r e c t e do b l . i q u e lf .ryo m l e f t a n t e r i o rt o r i g h t
o o s t e r i o rI L A O l .
Lungs
Heartsitus
A; V thoracica interna a O
Nodi lymphoidei
paratracheales
(Nodi lymphoideimediastinales
anteriores)
N vagus[X]
(Nodilymphoidei
mediastinales
anteriores)
e N vagus[X]
.* N laryngeus
recurrens
Bronchus
principalis
dexter
Lig arteriosum
Nodilymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
supeflores
Nodilymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
supenores
A pulmonalis
dextraa
a V pulmonalis
sinistrasuperior
is
V p u l m o n a lO
dextra
o A pulmonalis
sinistra
Nodilymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
inferiores
a V pulmonalis
sinistrainferior
Nodilymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
inferiores
(Noduslymphoideus
ligamenti
arteriosi)
1
Nodi lymphoidei
phrenicisuperiores
F i g .9 0 2 P o s i t i o no f t h e h e a r t i n t h e t h o r a x ,S i t u sc o r d i s
F i g .9 0 3 P o s i t i o no f t h e h e a r t ;
i n s p ri a t i o n .
Nodi lymphoidei
phrenicisuperiores
F i g . j 0 1 P o s i t i o no f t h e h e a r t ;
exprrailon.
N laryngeus
recurrens
sinister
a V brachiocephalica
sinistra
Trachea
V thyroidea inferiora
brachiocephalicadextra a
sinistra
a A carotiscommunis
aA subclaviasinistra
O Arcusaortae
thoracicainterna a
.: N phrenicus
aaA;V
pericardiaco-
pnrenrca
Truncusa
brachiocephalicus
Pulmosinister
V cavasuperiorO
.. Plexusaorticus
thoracicus
l N vagus[X]
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
i N laryngeus
recurrens
Pulmodexter
Sinus
transversus
pericardii
V p u l m o n a lai s
dextrasuperior
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
V p u l m o n a lai s
dextrainferior
a V pulmonalis
sinistrasuperior
a V pulmonalis
sinistrainlerior
S i n u so b l i q u u s
pericardii
Pericardium
serosum,
Laminaparietalis
Pleura parietalis,
Pars diaphragmatica
V cava inferiora
Fig.905 Pericardium
P,e r i c a r d i u m .
V brachiocephalicadextra
V jugularis
internadextra
V brachiocephalica
sinistra
V subclaviadextra
V, cava superior
purmonares
dextrae
Pericardium
W hepaticae
V cava inferior
Atriumcordis
sinistrum
Atriumcordisdextrum
F i g . 9 0 5 0 p e n i n g so f t h e L a r g ev e i n si n t ot h e h e a r t ;
ventraLview.
> Thoracic
viscera
Trachea
and bronchi
Right main bronchus, Bronchus principalis dexter
Bronchus lobaris superior dexter
apicalis[B l]
1 = Bronchus
segmentalis
posterior
2 = Bronchus
segmentalis
[B ll]
=
segmentalis
anterior[B lll]
3 Bronchus
Cartilagothyroidea,
Laminadextra
Bronchus lobaris medius dexter
lateralis
4 = Bronchus
segmentalis
[B lV]
segmentalis
medialis[B V]
5 = Bronchus
Lig cricothyroideum
medianum
Bronchus lobaris interior dexter
segmentalis
superior[B Vl]
6 = Bronchus
basalismedialis[B Vlll
7 = Bronchus
segmentalis
segmentalis
basalisanterior[B Vlll]
I = Bronchus
basalislateralis
9 = ronchussegmentalis
[B lX]
basalisposterior
10 = ronchussegmentalis
[B Xl
Arcuscartilaginis
cricoideae
Left mainbronchus,Bronchusprincipalissinister
Cartilagines
tracheales
Bronchuslobarissuperiorsinister
apicoposterior
1,2 = Bronchus
segmentalis
[B | + lll
segmentalis
anterior[B lll]
3 = Bronchus
4 = Bronchus
lingularis
superior[B lV]
lingularis
inlerior[B V]
5 = Bronchus
Bronchus lobaris inferior sinister
superior[B Vll
6 = Bronchus
segmentalis
7 = Bronchus
segmentalis
basalismedialis[B Vll]
basalisanteriorIB Vlll]
8 = Bronchus
segmentalis
segmentalis
basalislateralis
9 = Bronchus
[B lX]
basalisposterior
10 = Bronchus
segmentalis
[B X]
Ligg anularia
Bifurcatiotracheae
1
Bronchus
principalis
sinister
Bronchusorincioalisdexter
Bronchus
lobaris
3
superiorde)del
Bronchus
lobarissuperiorsinister
3
Cartilagines
bronchiales
Bronchuslobaris
mediusdexter
Bronchus
lobarisinferiorsinister
4
Bronchus
lobaris
inferiordexter
8
Fig.907 Larynx,Larynx;
t r a c h e aT,r a c h e a ,n db r o n c h i ,
Bronchi.
Bronchus
lobaris
supeflor
dexter
Bronchus
principalis
sinister
Bronchus
lobaris
supenor
sinister
Bronchus
principalis
de)iter
Bronchus
lobaris
medius
dexter
Fig.908 Projection
o f t h e t r a c h e aa n d t h e b r o n c h i
o n t o t h e a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i cw a [ t .
Bronchus
lobaris
inferior
dexter
Bronchus
lobaris
inferior
sinister
0esophagus
Trachea,
structure
thyroidea,
Laminadextra
Cartilago
corniculata
Cartilago
Cartilagoarytenoidea
Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae
Pariesmembranaceus
Cartilaginestracheales
Ligg anularia
M trachealis
Bifurcatiotracheae
Bronchus
dexter
orinciDalis
lobarissuperiordexter
Bronchus
1
Bronchus
principalis
sinister
Bronchus
lobaris
superiorsinister
Bronchus
lobarisinferiordexter
lobarismediusdexter
Bronchus
Bronchus
lobaris
inferiorsinister
Fig.909 Larynx,Larynx;
+--Â^^
T-^^k^tt dLt tEo, | | oLt tco,
a n d b r o n c h iB, r o n c h i ;
dorsaIview.
Tunica adventitia
Glandulaetracheales
Pariesmembranaceus
M trachealis
F i g .9 1 0 T r a c h e aT, r a c h e a ;
c r o s s - s e c t rno;
m i c r o s c o p i ec n t a r g e m e nat t
lowmagnification
> Thoracicviscera
Segmental
bronchi
F i g . i 1 1 B r o n c h iB
, ronchi;
t h e [ o b a ra n d t h e s e g m e n t a bl r o n c h ih a v eb e e np r o j e c t e d
o n t ot h e I u n g sa n d a r e i t L u s t r a t ewdi t h d i f f e r e n ct o t o u r s ;
venlratvrew.
N u m b e r si n d i c a t teh e s e g m e n t abI r o n c hlis e ep . 9 0 1 .
tt
0esophagus
Bronchialtree,radiography
Bronchus
segmentalis
apicoposterior
[B | + ll]
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
Bronchus
lobaris
superiorsinister
Bronchus
lobarisinferior
sinister
Bronchus
segmentalis
superiorIB Vl]
Bronchus
lingularis
superior[B lV]
lingularis
Bronchus
inferiorIB V]
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalislateralis
[B lXl
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalisposterior[B X]
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalisanterior[B Vlll]
F i g . 9 1 2 B r o n c h iB
, ronchi;
A P - r a d i o g r a p hb;r o n c h o g r a p hoyf t h e l e f t [ u n g .
* Bronchography
catheter
in thetrachea
> Thoracicviscera
tt
Apexpulmonis
Lobussuperior,
Faciescostalis
Margoanterior
pulmonis
Fissurahorizontalis
dextri
Lobusmediuspulmonis
dextri,
Faciescostalis
Lobusinlerior,
Faciescostalis
Fissuraobliqua
Lobusinferior
Margoinferior
F i g .9 1 3 R i g h Lt u n gP, u t m od e x t e r ;
lateraIview.
Apexpulmonis
Lobussuperior,Faciescostalis
Fissuraobliqua
Lobusinferior,
Faciescostalis
Incisura
cardiacapulmonis
sinistri
Lingulapulmonis
sinistri
F i g . 9 1 t , L e f t [ u n g ,P u t m os i n i s t e r ;
[ateraIview.
Fissuraobliqua
Margo inlerior
0esophagus
Apexpulmonis
Lobussuperior
Fissvaobliqua
y'//
Lobussuperior
lobaris
Bronchus
superiordexter
A pulmonalis
de)dra
principalis
Bronchus
dexter
lobaris
Bronchus
mediusde)der
et inferiordexter
Noduslymphoideus
tracheobronchialis
inferior
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
Margoanterior
W pulmonales
dextrae
lmpressio
cardiaca
Lobusinferior
pulmonis
Fissurahorizontalis
dextri
Lig pulmonale
Lobusmediuspulmonis
dextri
Facies
diaphragmatica;
Basispulmonis
Margoinferior
Fissuraobliqua
F i g .9 1 5 R i g h tt u n g ,P u t m od e x t e r ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o na t t h e p [ a n eo f t h e h i t u m
o f t h e[ u n g ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
Fissuraobliqua
A pulmonalis
sinistra
V pulmonalis
sinistrasuperior
Bronchus
principalis
sinister
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
V pulmonalis
sinistrainterior
Margoanterior
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
lmpresslocardiaca
sinistri
Incisura
cardiacaDUlmonis
Lingulapulmonis
sinistri
Facies diaphragmatica;
Basis pulmonis
F i g .9 1 6 L e f t [ u n g ,P u t m os i n i s t e r ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o na t t h e p [ a n eo f t h e h i I u m
of the [ung;
> Thoracicviscera
tt
Bro nchopulmonary segm e nts
Pulmodexter
Pulmo dexter,Lobus superior
r
I
I
Segmentum apicale [S l]
Segmentum posterius[S lll
segmentum
anterius
[s tttl
Pulmo dexter.Lobus medius
I
segmentum
taterate
[s tvl
I
segmentum
mediate
[s vl
Pulmo dexter,Lobus inferlor
Segmentum
superius[S V|]
Segmentum
basalemedialelcardiacum]
[S Vll]Segmentum
basaleanterius[S Vlll]
il
E
Segmentumbasalelaterale[S lxj
Segmentumbasaleposterius[S Xl
* T h i ss e g m e n ti s g e n e r a L [nyo t a n i n d e p e n d e nste g m e n t ,
b u t r a t h e r f u s e dw i t h t h e a n t e r i o rb a s a Is e g m e n t[ S V l l l ] .
F i g . 9 1 7 R i g ht u n gP
, u l m od e x t e r ;
b r o n c h o p u l m o nsaer g
y ments,
S e g m e n tbar o n c h o p u t m o n;a l i a
LateraIview.
Pulmo sinister
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperlor
I
I
I
I
r
)I
apicoposterius
[S | + tt]
I Segmentum
)
Segmentum
anterius[S lll]
Segmentum
lingulare
superius[S lVl
Segmentum
lingulare
inferius[S V]
Pulmosinlster,Lobus Interior
Segmentum
superius[S V|]
Segmentum
basalemedialelcardiacum]
[S VlllSegmentum
basaleanterius[S Vllll
Segmentumbasalelaterale[S lX]
Segmentumbasaleposterius[S X]
+ T h i s s e g m e n ti s g e n e r a [ [ yn o t a n i n d e p e n d e n t
segment,
b u t r a t h e r f u s e dw i t h t h e a n t e r i o rb a s a Ls e g m e n t[ S V l l l ]
F i g .9 1 8 L e f tt u n g ,P u l m os i n i s t e r ;
b r o n c h o p u t m o nsaer gy m e n t s ,
S e g m e n tbar o n c h o p u t m o n a t i a ;
lateraIview.
ilesophagus
Bronchop ulmonary segments
F i g .9 1 9 R i g h t[ u n g ,P u L m od e x t e r ;
b r o n c h o p u t m o n a sr ye g m e n t s ,
Segmentb
aronchopulmonaLia;
mediaLview.
F i g . 9 2 0 L e f t [ u n g ,P u l m os i n i s t e r ;
b r o n c h o p u I m o n a sr ye gm e n t s ,
S e g m e n t ab r o n c h o p u t m o n a L i a ;
mediaIview.
> Thoracic
viscera
tt
Arcusaortae
VV brachioceohalicaedextra et siniska
V thoracica
interna
Apexpulmonis
A carotiscommunis
A subclavia
Apexpulmonis
Pulmodexter,Lobussuoerior
V cavasuperior
A pulmonalisdenra,Aa lobaressuperiores
A pulmonalis
sinistra
Pulmosinister.
Lobussuoerior
A. pulmonalis
sinistra,
Aa. lobaressuperiores
Bronchus
lobaris
superiorsinister
V pulmonalis
sinistrasuperior,
V apicoposterior
Pulmodexter,
Lobusmedius
A pulmonalis
dextra,
A lobarismedia
Nodi
lymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
V pulmonalis
dextrasuperior,
V lobimedii
A. DUlmonalis
dextra.
Aa lobaresinferiores,
Parsbasalis,
A segmentalis
basalisanterior
A pulmonalis
sinistra,
Aa lobaresinferiores
Auriculadextra
A coronaria
dextra
Bronchus
lobaris
inferiorsinister
A pulmonalis
sinistra,
Aa lobaresinferiores,
Parsbasalis,
A. segmentalis
basalisanterior
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Auriculasinistra
Conusarteriosus
Apexcordis
V Dulmonalis
sinistrainferior
A coronariasinistra,R interventricularis
anterior
Ventriculus
cordissinister
F i g . 9 2 1 L u n g s ,P u t m o n e sa, n d h e a r t ,C o r ;
t h e a r t e r i e s t, h e v e i n sa n d t h e b r o n c h ih a v eb e e n
d i s s e c t e du p t o t h e e x t e r n a sI u r f a c eo f t h e [ u n g s .
Ductusalveolaris
Bronchiolus
terminalis
Bronchus
Bronchiolus
F i g . 9 2 2 L u n gP
, ulmo;
o v e r v i e owf t h e[ u n gs t r u c t u r e ;
m i c r o s c o pei cn t a r g e m eanttl o wm a g n i f i c a t i o n .
0esophagus
A. carotiscommunis
Apexpulmonis
Trachea.Pariesmembranaceus
Pulmosinister.
Lobussuoerior
Truncusbrachiocephalicus
A subclavia
Fissuraobliqua
Arcusaortae
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
V cavasuperior
Lig arteriosum
Bifurcatiotracheae
Bronchus
lobarissuperiorsinister
A pulmonalis
sinistra
V azygos
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
.,r7
Bronchuslobarissuperiordexter
principalis
dexter
Bronchus
Bronchisegmentales
M bronchooesophageus
Nodi lymphoideitracheobronchiales
A segmentalis
basalislateralis
A pulmonalis
sinistra,
Aa. lobares
inferiores,
Parsbasalis
delitrasuoerior
V oulmonalis
A segmentalis
basalismedialis
dextra
A. pulmonalis
V pulmonalis
dextrainferiof
A segmentalis
basalisposterior
Atriumcordisdextrum
V. cava inferior
Pericardium
Sinuscoronarius
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
V cardiaca[cordis]media
Apexcordis
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Fig.923 Vesselsof the LeftL u n gP, u L msoi n i s t e r ;
d o r s a Iv i e w
A carotiscommunis
sinistra
A. subclavia
dextra
A subclavia
sinistra
Arcusaortae
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
dexter
R. bronchialis
Br bronchiales
sinistri
Parsthoracicaaortae
F i g . 9 2 t , B r o n c h iB
, ronchi;
^-+^-;^t ^..^^1.,
dr (Er rd( >uPPLy.
>> | l- lear tI T r ac hea I Lungs
Vesselsof the lung,radiography
t
F i 9 . 9 2 5 A r t e r i e so f t h e r i g h tI u n g ,
sextrae;
A a .p u I m o n a [ ed
y n g i o g r a p h yal ;f t e r
A P - r a d i o g r a p (hp u t m o n a r a
injection
o f a c o n t r a sm
t e d i u mi n t ot h e r i g h tv e n t r i c L e ;
ventraLview.
T h e n u m b e r sd e s i g n a tteh e s e g m e n t a l a r t e r i e s
p.961.
Icompare
F i g . 9 2 6 V e i n so f t h e r i g h t L u n g ,
V v p u L m o n a l edse x t r a e ;
A P - r a d i o g r a p lhr e t u r nv i a p u L m o n a rvye i n so f t h e c o n t r a s t
m e d i u mi n j e c t e di n t o t h e r i g h tv e n t r i c t e l ;
ventraIview.
N u m b e r si n d i c a t et h e s e g m e n t a L v e i n{ sc o m p a r ep . 9 5 1 .
Thoracic
Corpuscostael; lll; lV
radiography
Bronchus
Drincioalis
dexter
Clavicula
Scapula
V cava supenor
Truncus
pulmonalis
Atriumcordis
sinistrum
cordis
Ventriculus
sinister
Diaphragma
Apexcordis
Recessuscoslodiaphragmaticus
F i g , 9 2 7 T h o r a c i cc a g e ,C a v e at h o r a c i s a, n d t h o r a c i cv i s c e r a ;
PA-radiographol a 27-year-otdmal.elthorax radiograph)
1 ="Aorticknob"
2 =Archof the pulmonary
artery
3 =Archof the leftatrium
=Arch
4
of the leftventricle
5 =Archof the rightvessels
6 =Archof the rightatrium
Arcusaortae(l)
V cava
superior (5)
(2)
Truncuspulmonalis
Auriculasinistra(3)
Ventriculus
cordissinister(4)
\L
Atriumcordis
dextrum(6)
V, cava
inferior
Dt
sApex cordis
Diaphragma
F i g .9 2 8 0 u t l i n eo f t h e h e a r ts h a d o wi n t h e r a d i o g r a p h ;
ei a m e t e r ,
D t = T r a n s v e r sd
a b + c d = 1 3 - 1 4c m
L = L o n g i t u d i n aaIx i so f t h e h e a r tl f r o m t h e s u p e r i o r
b o r d e ro f t h e r i g h t a t r i a Ic o n t o u rt o t h e a p e xo f t h e
h e a r t l= 1 5 - 1 6c m
M = M e d i a np t a n eo f t h e b o d y
>> | Heart I Trachea I Lunqs
(Cartilago
bronchialis)
Carina tracheae
principalis
Bronchus
dexter
Bronchus
principalis
sinister
Fig.929 BronchiB
, ronchi;
b r o n c h o s c o poyf a h e a [ t h yi n d i v i d u adI i s p t a y i n tgh e t r a c h e a I
bifurcatioa
n n d t h e c a r i n ao f t r a c h e a .
Bronchus
segmentalis
apicoposterior
lB | + lll:
Bronchus
seginentati'C
anterior
lB ilrl
Bronchus
lobaris
superiorsinister
Bronchilingulares
superioret inferior
lBrv-vl
Bronchus
segmentalis
supeflor
lB vrl
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalisanterior
[B Vilt]
Bronchus
seomentalis
basalislateralis
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalisposterior
[B X]
lBrxl
Fig.930 Bronchi,Bronchi;
b r o n c h o s c o p vi ci e w o f t h e l e f t s e g m e n t a bL r o n c h i .
0esophagus
surfaceprojections
VertebracervicalisVll [prominens]
Lobussuperior
Cupulapleurae
Spinascapulae
Lobussuperior
Lobus
supenor
lncisura
cardraca
purmonrs
sinistri
Lobusmedius
pulmonis
dextri
Lobusinferior
Lobusinferior
Becessus
Costaxll
Cristailiaca
F i g .9 3 1 P r o j e c t i o n
o f t h e p u l m o n a r ya n d t h e p t e u r a l
b o r d e r so n t ot h e a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i cw a [ t .
Fig.932 P r o j e c t i o no f t h e p u l m o n a r ya n d t h e p l e u r a I
borderso n t ot h e o o s t e r i o tr h o r a c i cw a [ t .
B o r d e r os f t h e[ u n g s- t i n e
Bordersof the oteura- dashed[ine
Lobussuperior
Lobussuperior
Lobusinferior
Cristailiaca
cristailiaca
Fig.933 Projection
o f t h e p u l m o n a r ya n d t h e p t e u r a t
b o r d e r so n t o t h e l a t e r a It h o r a c i cw a [ t .
o f t h e p u t m o n a r ya n d t h e p t e u r a L
F i g .9 3 4 P r o j e c t i o n
b o r d e r so n t ot h e l a t e r a It h o r a c i cw a L t .
> Thoracic
viscera
Cartilagothyroidea,
Laminadextra
A carotis
communrs
Glandula
thyroidea,
Lobusdexter
M cricothyroideus
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
A subclavia
_Oesophagus,
Harscerytcalrs
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
Oesophagus,
Parscervicalis
A carotiscommunis
dextra
A carotiscommunis
sinistra
A. subclavia dextra
Arcusaortae
Lig.arteriosum
Cartilagines
tracheales
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
Arcusaortae
Bronchus
principalis
dexter
Lig.arteriosum
Bronchus
lobaris
superiordexter
Parsthoraclcaaortae
OesoDhaous.
Parsthoraiica
intercostales
posteriores
Pars
thoracica
aonae
Diaphraqma,
Centrum tendin-eum
Foramen
venae
cavae
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
Crusdextrum
Oesophagus,
Pars
abdominalis
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
Gaster,
Parscardiaca
Aa phrenicae
inferiores
Hiatusaorticus
Truncuscoeliacus
F i g .9 3 5 O e s o p h a g u s0,e s o p h a g u st ;r a c h e a T
, rachea,
a n d t h e t h o r a c i ca o r t a ,P a r st h o r a c i c aa o r t a e :
ventratview.
F i g .9 3 5 O e s o p h a g u s0,e s o p h a g u st ;r a c h e a T
, rachea,
a n d t h e t h o r a c i ca o r t a ,P a r st h o r a c i c aa o r t a e :
structure
0esophagus,
Glandula
thyroidea,
Lobussinister
Lobusdexter
thvroidea.
Glandula
A carotiscommunis
A carotiscommunis
V jugularisinterna
V jugularis
interna
A subclavia
A subclavia
V subclavia
V.subclavia
V, brachiocephalicadextra
A. subclavia
Truncus brachiocephalicus
Cartilagines
tracheales
Arcusaortae
V cavasuperior
V azygos
Lig arteriosum
Bifurcatiotracheae
B bronchialis
principalis
dexter
Bronchus
A pulmonalis
dextra
A pulmonalissinistra
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
W pulmonales
dextrae
W pulmonales
sinistrae
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Aa intercostales
oosteriotes
V cavainferior
Oesophagus,Parsthoracica
Parsthoracicaaortae
Diaphragma
Hiatusoesophageus
F i g . 9 3 7 O e s o p h a g u sO, e s o p h a g u sa ,n d t h e t h o r a c i ca o r t a ,
P a r st h o r a c i c aa o r t a e ;
dorsaLview.
Glandulaeoesophageae
Telasubmucosa
Stratumcirculare
Tunicamuscularis
Stratumlongitudinale
Tunica adventitia
Fig.938 0esophagus,0esophagus;
m i c r o s c o p i ec n l a r g e m e nat t L o wm a g n i f i c a t i o n
> Thoracicviscera
Vesselsof the oesophagus
V thyroidea inferior
A thyroidea inferior
V vertebralis
V jugularisinterna
A thyroidea
inferior,
Rr oesophageales
A vertebralis
A carotis
communrs
dextra
A subclavia
Oesophagus, Pars ceruicalis
M, intercostalis
externus
subclavia
dextra
V hemiazygos
accessofla
A carotis
communis
sinistra
V cava
supeflor
Pars thoracicaaortae,
Rr bronchiales
M intercostalis
internus
W intercostales
posteriores
W oesophageae
Oesophagus
Parsthoracica
aortae,
Br oesophageales
A gastricasinistra,
Rr oesophageales
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
V hemiazygos
\/.7w^ê
Diaphragma
Diaphragma,
Centrum
tendineum
Diaphragma,
Foramen venae
cavae
Truncuscoeliacus
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
Crusdextrumet
Crussinistrum
V phrenica
interior
Oesophagus,
Pars
abdominalis
V gastroomentalis
sinistra
V cava inferior
V gastricasinistra
Gaster
F i g . 9 4 0 V e i n so f t h e o e s o p h a g u sV,v .o e s o p h a g e a e
ctrnnlrrinn ertorioc.
v e n t r a Iv i e w .
W oesophageae
V hemiazygos
v. azygos
(Plexus venosus
suomucosus)
(R oesophagealis)
V oesophagea
(R oesophagealis)
V phrenicainferior
V gastricasinistra
V cava inferior
V portae hepatis
F i g . 9 1 1 V e i n so f t h e o e s o p h a g u sV,v .o e s o p h a g e a e ;
m a g n iifc a t i o no f F i g .9 4 0 ;
d e m o n s t r a t i o on f a n a s t o m o s e bs e t w e e nb r a n c h e so f
t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i na n d t h e s u p e r i o rv e n ac a v a .
Thoraciclymphnodes
Glandula thyroidea,Lobus dexter
Oesophagus,
Parscervicalis
A carotiscommunis
A carotiscommunis
A subclavia
A subclavia
V cava superior
Nodi lymphoideijuxtaoesophageales
Trachea.Pariesmembranaceus
Arcusaortae
Parsdescendensaortae
Nodi lymphoideitracheobronchialessuperiores
V oulmonalis
sinistrasuDerior
Nodi lymphoideitracheobronchialessuperiores
Bifurcatiotracheae
A. pulmonalissinistra
Bronchus orinciDalisdexter
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchialesinferiores
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
superiores
A pulmonalis
dextra
Bronchilobares
V pulmonalis
sinistrainferior
Bronchilobares
(Nodi lymphoideimediastinalesposteriores)
V pulmonalis
dextrainlerior
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
posteriores)
(Nodilymphoidei
mediastinales
Pericardium
librosum
V, cava inferior
Diaphragma
Hiatusoesophageus
F i g . 9 1 2 T h o r a c i cL y m p hn o d e s ;
t hi o r a c i s ;
N o d iL y m p h o i d e
dorsaLview.
> Thoracicviscera
0esophagus,
radiography
and oesophagoscopy
Extremitassternalis
piriformis
Becessus
lvlanubrium
sterni
Oesophagus,
*
Parsthoracica
Oesophagus,
**
Parsthoracica
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
Diaphragma
F i g . 9 4 3a , b 0 e s o p h a g u sO, e s o p h a g u s ;
r a d i o g r a p ha f t e r s w a t t o w i n g
o f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m .
a R i g h ta n t e r i o or b t i q u ep o s i t i o no, b L i q udei a m e t e |r [ b e a m
d i r e c t e df r o m l e f t a n t e r i o rt o r i g h t p o s t e r i o r )
b L e f ta n t e r i o ro b t i q u ep o s i t i o no, b t i q u ed i a m e t e rl l I b e a m
d i r e c t e df r o m r i g h t a n t e r i o rt o L e f tp o s t e r i o r )
* O e s o p h a g e acIo n s t r i c t i o nc a u s e db y t h e a o r t i c a r c h
* * R e t r o c a r d i apI o r t i o no f t h e o e s o p h a g u s
+ * * O e s o p h a g ecaoI n s t r i c t i oant t h e j u n c t i o no f t h e p h a r y n xw i t h t h e
oesophagus
Gaster,Parscardiaca,
Tunicamucosa
Parsabdominalis,
Oesophagus,
tunrcamucosa
F i g . 9 1 1 O e s o p h a g u s0,e s o p h a g u s ;
o e s o p h a g o s c o p( tye c h n i c adLe t a i [ ss e e F i g .9 8 6 ) ;
s u o e n o rv t e w .
Mm pharyngis
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
[Aortadescendens]
Parsascendensaortae
[Aortaascendens]
Bronchus
principalis
dexter
Parsthoracicaaortae,
[Aortathoracica]
Diaphragma
Hiatus oesophageus
Gaster.Cardia
constrcttons.
* U p p e ro e s o p h a g e as Ip h i n c t e r
+ + N a r r o w i n gc a u s e db y t h e a o r t i ca r c h
* * * D i a p h r a g m a t ci co n s t r i c t i o n
F i g . 9 1 6 0 e s o p h a g u sO, e s o p h a g u s ;
l o c a t i o na n d f r e q u e n c yo f d i v e r t i c u | . a .
typicaL
* Cervicatdiverticu[um
- 7l ,0 % l
{ Z E N K E Rd'isv e r t i c u L ulm
* + M i d - o e s o p h a gdei vaeI r t i c u t ul -m2 2 % l
+++
-8%]
E p i p h r e ndi icv e r t i c u [ u( m
> Thoracic
viscera
Thymus
Cartilagothyroidea
(Lobuspyramidalis,
Var)
M sternothyroideus
e
M cricothvroideus
o
I Lobusdexter
Glandula
thyroidea
{
Lobussinister
I
W thyroideae
inferiores
o
Arcusvenosusjugularis
O
o lvl sternohyoldeus
o M, thyrohyoideus
Ventersuperior
a M omohyoideus,
superior
a A thyroidea
superior
a V thyroidea
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suoerficialis
c M. sternocleidomastoideus
o A carotiscommunis
* Plexuscaroticus
communis
N phrenicus
o V jugularisinterna
M scalenusanterioro
a W brachioceDhalicae
Clavicula
o V thoracica
interna
M, subclaviusO
Thymus
Apexpulmonis
Costall
o M pectoralis
maJor
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
Pulmodexter,
lvlargoanterior
Margoanterior
Pericardium
Lobus
medius
Incisura
cardiaca
pulmonis
sinistri
LODUS
interior
Lingulapulmonis
sinistri
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
Margointerior
Recessus
t M obliquus
externus
abdominis
thoracica interna a
V thoracica
internaa
[,4 rectusabdominisa
thoracis
3 M transversus
a Parssternalis
diaphragmatis
Recessus
costomediastinalis
F i g . 9 1 7 T h y m u sT
, h y m u s ;p e r i c a r d i u mP, e r i c a r d i u m ,
a n d [ u n g s ,P u l m o n e so, f a n a d o t e s c e n t .
N o t et h e s i z eo f t h e a d o L e s c e n
t ht y m u s .I n o L d e ri n d i v i d u a t s ,
t h e t h y m i ct i s s u ei s a l m o s te n t i r e t yr e p t a c e db y a d i p o s et i s s u e .
0esophagus
V thyroidea
inferioro
Glandula
thyroidea
a
V subclavia
a
A subclavia a
a V brachiocephalicasinistra
Plexus brachialis
V thoracica interna a
& N vagus[X]
W pericardiacophrenicaeO
o A subclavia
V brachiocephalicadextra a
N phrenicus
{t
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
V cavasuperiora
I N phrenicus
Lobussinister\
t} _I N.V M U S
Pulmodexter,
Lobussuperior
I
Lobus dexter
/
Pulmosinister,
l\4argoanterior
Pericardium
fibrosum
diaphragmatis
a Parssternalis
Fig.918 ThymusT
, h y m u s ,o f a n a d o t e s c e n t .
Plexusbrachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis
,
Truncussympathicus,
Ganglion
thoracicum
ll 3
a A. subclavia
Clavicula
O M subclavius
N vagus[X],N laryngeus
recurrens
s
N vagus[X],Rr cardiacithoracici
&
anterior
o M scalenus
N, vagus[X],Plexuspulmonalis
I
a V subclavia
V azygosa
interna
O A thoracica
principalis
Bronchus
dexter
r N. phrenicus
(Aorta);a a
R bronchialis
V, bronchialis
a V brachioceDhalica dextra
l'{ vagus[X]. .
^
Hr carotacr
tnoracrcl
Thymus
posterioro
V intercostalis
a V cavasuperior
a Aa. pulmonales
N thoracicus[T 71,a
N. intercostaiis
AaaN
Truncussympathicus,
8
Rr.communicantes
phrenicus;A;V
oericardiacoohrenica
a W pulmonales
Pericardium
fibrosum;
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
N splanchnicus
o
malor
Lig.pulmonale
s N. vagus[X],
Plexus
oesophageus
Aa intercostales
a
posteriores
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Oesophagus
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
a Diaphragma;
Diaphragma,
Centrumtendineum
a
Fig.919 PteuraIcavity,Cavitaspteuratis,and mediastinum,
M e d i a s t i n u mo,f a n a d o t e s c e n t ;
L a t e r atIh o r a c i cw a t [ a n d r i g h t t u n g h a v eb e e nr e m o v e d ;
T h e x i n d i c a t et h e a r e a sa t t h e r o o t o f t h e [ u n ga n d t h e
p u t m o n a r yL i g a m e n tr ,e s p e c t i v e tw
y ,h e r et h e v i s c e r a p
I [eura
f o l . d sb a c ki n t ot h e p a r i e t a Ip [ e u r a .
Pleuralcavity
Plexusbrachialis.
Parsin{raclavicularis
thoracicus
R cardiacus
Truncussympathicus,
,r N vagus [X], R cardiacusthoracicus
Clavicula
lvl subclavius
a
A axillarisa
Parsthoracica
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
Ductusthoracicus,
V axillaris
o
A subclavia a
CostaI
(N.vagus)
recurrens
N laryngeus
Lig arteriosum
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
A carotiscommunis
a
a V hemiazygos accessofla
V brachiocephalicaO
N vagus [X] t
N phrenicus.
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
Plexusaorticusthoracicus.
Plexus cardiacus
: N. vagus[X],
Plexuspulmonalis
P l e x u sp u l m o n a l i s
O Parsthoracicaaortae
A p u l m o n a l i s i n i s t r aO
Thymus
r* Plexusaorticus
tnoracrcus
V pulmonalis
sinistraa
aoA;Vintercostalis
posterior
Bronchus principalis
, R communicans
N phrenicus
N splanchnicus
malor
V pulmonalis
sinistrao
Pericardium
fibrosum
oo
V pericardiacophrenica
a
A;vintercostalis
posterior;
N. intercostalis
A pericardiacophrenica
a
Truncus
sympathicus,
Ganglion
lX
thoracicum
Recessus
costomediastinalis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
Pleura
parietalis,
Parscostalis
(Nodi lymphoidei
mediastinales
anteriores)
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
Centrumtendineum
s ,n d m e d i a s t i n u m ,
, a v i t a sp t e u r a L i a
F i g .9 5 0 P t e u r a cLa v i t yC
o f, a n a d o t e s c e n t ;
Mediastinum
v i e w e df r o m t h e l e f t .
I n o t d e ri n d r v i d u a t tsh, e t h y m i ct i s s u ei s a t m o s te n t i r e [ y
r e p [ a c e db y a d i p o s et i s s u e .
> Thoracic
viscera
Aortic arch
A carotisexternadextra
A carotis
internadextra
A. carotisexternasinistra
A carotisinternasinistra
A. vertebralisdextra
A. vertebralis
sinistra
A. carotlscommunis
sinistra
A carotis
communis dextra
A subclavia
sinistra
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
Arcusaortae
Lig arteriosum
V cavasuperior
Truncuspulmonalis
Atriumcordis
sinistrum,
Auriculaatrii
Parsascendens
aortae
Atriumcordis
dextrum
Ventriculus
cordis
sinister
V cavainferior
.l Arcus
aortae
A. thoracica
interna
A. subclaviadextra
A carotiscommunis
dextra
A vertebralisdextra
Bimaglottidis
A vertebralis
sinistra
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I
10
11
'12
13
14
15
Trachea
A subclaviasinistra
A. carotiscommunis
sinistra
Cor
Valvaaortae
Parsascendensaortae
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
F i g , 9 5 1 H e a r t ,C o r ,a n d a o r t i ca r c h ,A r c u sa o r t a e ,
w i t h t h e o r i g i n so f t h e m a j o ra r t e r i e s ;
ventraIview.
A carotisexternadextra
A carotisinternadextra
Fig.952 Aortic arch,Arcus aortae,and branches;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m
i n t o t h e a o r t i cb u l b :
ventraIview.
* Catheter
A carotisexternasinistra
A. carotisinternasinistra
A vertebralisdextra
A carotis
communis
dextra
A vertebralissinistra
A. subclavia
sinistra
A subclavia
dextra
- 13Vo
-9o/o
A subclavia
sinistra
A carotiscommunis
sinistra
Truncus
brachiocephalicus
Arcusaortae
Parsascendens
aortae
a
70 Yo
Parsdescendens
aortae,
Parsthoracicaaortae
- 3To
F i g .9 5 3 a - e V a r i a b i t i toy f t h e o r i g i no f t h e m a j o ra r t e r i e s
f r o m t h e a o r t i ca r c h ,A r c u sa o r t a e .
a "Textbookcase"
b C o m m o no r i g i no f t h e b r a c h i o c e p h a ttircu n k a n d t h e L e f t
c o m m o nc a r o t i da r t e r y
c C o m m o nt r u n k f o r t h e b r a c h i o c e p h a lt.ri u
c nkandthe teft
c o m m o nc a r o t i da r t e r v
Left vertebraIartery branchingoff the aortic arch
independently
R i g h ts u b c t a v i a a
n r t e r ya s t h e u t t i m a t eb r a n c ho f t h e
a o r t i ca r c h
T h i sa b n o r m a Ia r t e r yf r e q u e n t [ yp a s s e sb e h i n dt h e
o e s o p h a g utso t h e r i g h t ,w h i c hc a n r e s u [ ti n s w a t l o w i n g
d i f fi c u t t i e sI D y s p h a g ilau s o r i a ) .
Posteriormediastinum
a
N vagus[X] 0
Trachea
recurrens
a N. laryngeus
I N vagus[X]
profundaa
A ceruicalis
Truncuscostocervicalis
O
o N phrenicus
A intercostalis
suDremao
O A subclavia
A subclavia
a
a A thoracicainterna
N laryngeus
recurrens
s
O Arcusaortae
a Parsthoracicaaortae,
Rr.bronchiales
3 N laryngeusrecurrens
Parsascendens
aortaea
IAortaascendens]
a N. vagus[X],
Rr bronchiales
principalis
Bronchus
dexter
sinister
Bronchusprincipalis
V azygosa
a Parsthoracicaaortae,
Rr.oesophageales
Truncussympathicus
8
recurrens,
a N. laryngeus
Rr oesophageales
Mm intercostales
O
interni
Oesophagus,Pars
thoracica
W intercostales
a
posteriores
a Aa. intercostales
posteriores
Mm.intercostales
o
externi
o Parsthoracica
aonae
Nn thoracici,
a
Nn intercostales
N splanchnicus
o
mtnor
a N splanchnicus
maJor
a V azygos
Parslumbalis
a
diaphragmatis
majorI
N splanchnicus
CostaXl
CostaXl,
Cartilagocostalis
a Truncuscoeliacus
N splanchnicus
minort
V lumbalis
ascendens
O
a A mesenterica
supenor
A;Vsubcostalisaa
N subcostalis,
a Parsabdominalis
aonae
o N iliohypogastricus
F i g .9 5 4 T h o r a c i ca n d a b d o m i n aal o r t a ,P a r st h o r a c i c a
sortae
a o r t a ee t P a r sa b d o m i n a l i a
> Thoracicviscera
V thyroidea
inferioro
V brachiocephalicadextra o
sinistra
a V subclavia
Arcus venae azygos a
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
V cavasuperiora
Ductusthoracicus.
Parsthoracica
posteriores
a Aa intercostales
a Mm intercostales
interni
V azygosa
a V hemiazygos
accessoria
O V hemiazygos
a o Aa ; Vv intercostales
posteriores
Truncussympathicus,
Ganglia
, Nn thoracici,
Nn intercostales
Lig longitudinale
anterius
N splanchnicus
major
Vv intercostales
a
posteriores
O V hemiazygos
subcostalis
a O
Cisternachyli
Costa Xl
c Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis,
Crusdextrum
et Crussinistrum
N subcoslalis
V cavainferiora
a V lumbalis
ascendens
F i g .9 5 5 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o rm e d i a s t i n u m ,
Mediastinum
oosterius.
cervicothoracicum
* Ganglion
[stellatuml
A carotiscommunis
O
N vagus[X] e
Truncussympathicus,
t
medium
Ganglion
cervicale
Trachea
anterior
o M. scalenus
recurrens
{, N laryngeus
O A subclavia
M scalenusanteriora
I Ansasubclavia
Ansasubclavias
* N vagus[X]
A subclavia O
Truncussympathicus,
*r
ll
Ganglion
thoracicum
thoracicus;
& Plexusaorticus
Plexuscardiacus
N vagus[X] &
N laryngeus
recurrens
8l
recurrens
6 N laryngeus
I N vagus[X],Rr.bronchiales
sinister
Bronchus
orincioalis
Parsascendens
a
aonae
N vagus(X),*
Rr bronchiales
* Nn. thoracici,
Nn intercostales
Bronchus
principalis
dexter
Truncus
&
sympathicus
I N vagus[X],
Plexus
oesophageus
Truncus*
sympathicus,
Gangliathoracica
t Truncus
sympathicus,
Rr.communicantes
Oesophagus,
Parsabdominalis
splanchnicus
s
mrnor
Diaphragma
a
Parspylorica
o N. iliohypogastricus
Duodenum
N subcostalis 8,
aortaeO
Parsabdominalis
F i g r 9 5 6 A u t o n o m o unse r v o ussy s t e mo f t h e t h o r a c i cc a v i t y ,
P a r st h o r a c i caau t o n o m i c a .
> Thoracicviscera
Phrenicnerve
V jugularis
internaa
Glandulathyroidea
a
Trachea
O A carotiscommunis
,, N laryngeus
recurrens
N laryngeus
recurrens.
V subclavia a
Clavicula
N vagus[X]
a M scalenusanterior
V brachiocephalicasinistra a
o A thoracicainterna
V brachiocephalica
a
dextra
, N vagus[X]
Pulmodexter,
Lobussuperior
N vagus[X],
" Rr cardiacithoracici
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
ArcusaortaeO
V cava a
supenor
s N phrenicus
Plexus..
cardtacus
O O A ; V pericardiacophrenica
N phrenicust
N phrenicus,
;
R pericardiacus
Pulmodexter,
Lobusmedius
Pericardium
Pulmodexter,
Lobusinferior
Recessus
Pleuraparietalis,
pars
diaphragmatica
* Diaphragma
F i g .9 5 7 T h o r a c i cv i s c e r ao f a n a d u L t ;
t h e a n t e r i o rt h o r a c i cw a L [h a s b e e nr e m o v e d ,
a n d t h e r i g h t a n d t h e L e f t[ u n g h a v eb e e n
s e c t i o n e di n t h e f r o n t a Ip L a n e ;
ventraL
view
l\4 scalenusanterior
N phrenicus
A subclavia
dextra
V subclavia
dextra
V cavasuperior
Pericardium
N phrenicus,
R pericardiacus
Diaphragma
N phrenicus,
Rr phrenicoabdominales
F i g .9 5 8 C o u r s eo f t h e p h r e n i cn e r v e ,
N.phrenicus
Mediastinum
Mediastinum
supenus
Mediastinum
inferius
F i g . 9 5 9 O r g a n i s a t i oonf t h e
m e d i a s t i n u mM, e d i a s t i n u m .
l\4 arytenoideus
transversusG
Oesophagus,Pars cervicalis
Cartilagocricoidea,Lamina
Cavitas infraglottica
Lig vocale
Trachea,
Pariesmembranaceus
Cartilagothyroidea
a l\4 sternothyroideus
VertebracervicalisVll
Iprominens]
Fascia cervicalis,Lamina superticialis
anterior
o V jugularis
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
thyroidea
Glandula
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchialessuperiores
Cartilaginestracheales
O M sternocleidomastoideus
VertebracervicalisVll
[prominens],Proc spinosus
Articulatiosternoclavicularis
sterni
l\4anubrium
O Truncusbrachiocephalicus
t lvl pectoralismajor
sinistra
Ligg interspinalia
Bilurcatiotracheae,
Carina tracheae
a Arcusaortae
Corpussterni
W basivertebrales
a
principahs
Bronchus
dextel
aortae
O Parsascendens
Thymus
Noduslymphoideus
inferior
tracheobronchialis
semilunares
Valvaaortae,Valvulae
et dextra
sinistra.
oosterior
sinistra
a A coronaria
Plexusvenosusa
vertebralis
internusposterior
M interspinalis
t
A pulmonalis
dextraa
Pars
Oesophagus,
thoracica
V p u l m o n a lsi si n i s t ra
Sinustransversus
pericardii
V hemiazygos
a
Myocardium
Valva atrioventricularis
dextra [ValvatricusPidalis]
C o s t a eV l ; V l l
Cavitas
pericardiaca
Septuminteratriale
A coronaria
dextra;O a
V cardiacamedia
Nledulla
spinalis
Sternum,
Proc xiphoideus
e M rectus
abdominis
O Parssternalis
diaphragmatis
Duramaterspinalis
Oesophagus,
Tunica muscularis
Pars lumbalisdiaphragmatisI
phrenicus
superior
Noduslymphoideus
Hepar,
Area nuda
Lamina visceralis
lEpicardiuml
Lamina parietalis
Atriumcordisdexlrum
, ediastinum;
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s a, n d m e d i a s t i n u mM
F i g .9 6 0 T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
m e d i a ns a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e n e c ka n d t h e t h o r a x ;
L a t e r avI i e wf r o m t h e r i g h t .
,",o.,.
e",i.u,oi,'
J
Thorax,frontalsections
Trachea
A vertebralis
a
Nodi lymphoideithoracis,
Nodi paratracheales
Plexusbrachialis
&
A suprascapularis
O
A thoracoacromialis
Oesophagus
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi orofundiinferiores
O A thoracicainterna
a M. scalenusmedius
sinistra
O A, subclavia
Clavicula
a M. subclavius
subclavia
O
dextra
CostaI
O A. axillaris
I N vagusslnister[X]
a V axillaris
V cavasuperiora
o Arcusaortae
minor
o M. pectoralis
V pulmonalis
dextrasuperior,
a
anterior,
Parsintrasegmentalis
A. intercostalis
O
CostalV
a) Parsascendensaortae
O M. serratusanterior
Fissurahorizontalis
pulmonis
dextri
internus
a M intercostalis
Atriumcordisdextrum
sinistra
o A coronaria
Fissuraobliqua
Bronchus
intrasegmentalis
Pleuraparietalis,Parscostalis
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Pleuravisceralis
Laminavisceralis
IEpicardium]
Diaphragma
O
Laminaparietalis
Recessus
Hepar,
Lobussinister
parietale
Peritoneum
Peritoneum\ Flexuracoli
V hepatica O
Valva aortae
Truncuspulmonalis
O
dextra
O A coronariadextra,
B. interventricularis
oosterior
Fundusgastricus
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
F i g ,9 6 1 T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s .
A carotiscommunis
Trachea
V cavasuperior
Parsascendensaortae
Truncuspulmonalis
Pulmosinister
Pulmodexter
Atriumcordisdextrum
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Diaphragma
Hepar
dextra
Fig.962 Thoraciccavity,Cavitasthoracis;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c e
t o m o g r a p h i ci m a g el M R l ) ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s u p e r i o rv e n ac a v a ;
ventraIview.
0esophagus
Thorax,
secttons
posterius
Mediastinum
Pleura visceralis
Ipulmonalis]
Pulmosinister
Oesophagus,
Parsthoracica
Cavitaspleuralis
Pulmo dexter,
Lobus inferior
Diaphragma
Cavitas pleuralis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Diaphragma
Hepar
Corpusgastricum
V hepatica dextra
Recessuscostodiaphragmaticus
Becessus
phrenicomediastinalis
Omentummajus
V cava inferior
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis
Gaster,Ostiumcardiacum
Tunicamucosa
Pancreas
Flexuracolisinistra
Gaster. Pars cardiaca
, i a p h r a g m aa,n d o e s o p h a g u s ,
O e s o p h a g u sw,i t h i t s t r a n s i t i o ni n t ot h e s t o m a c h G
, aster;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e L o w e rp a r t o f t h e t h o r a c i c
c a v i t ya n d t h e u p p e rp a r t o f t h e a b d o m i n acI a v i t y .
Truncuspulmonalis
Atrium cordis dextrum
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Diaphragma
Hepar
F i g . 9 6 t + T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e L e v eoLf t h e a o r t i cv a t v e :
V C N I T A LV I C W .
> Thoracicviscera
tt
Thorax,frontalsections
M trapeziust
o M serratus
anterior
I M, suoraspinatus
Articulatio
acromioclavicularis
o M subscapularis
lvl erectora
sptnae
Scapula, Cavitas glenoidalis
M spleniusa
Caputhumeri
t M deltoideus
Vertebrathoracicall
(Recessus
axillaris)
Cupulapleurae
. N axillaris
Pleuravisceralis
humeri
a A circumflexa
posterior
lvl intercostalis
internusa
a M teresmajor
,!8Plexusbrachialis,
posterior
Fasciculus
C o s t al l l
a A axillaris
AortaO
& Plexusbrachialis,
Fasciculus
medialis
V anterior,
a
Parsintrasegmentalis
Bronchus
segmentalis
anterior[B lll]
& Plexusbrachialis,
Fasciculus
lateralis
a V axillaris
N thoracodorsalis
s
M serratusI
anterior
a A circumflexa
scapurae
Nodus
lymphoideus
axillaris
a M coracobrachialis
F i g .9 5 5 T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
a x i t t aA
, x i L t aa, n d s h o u L d eiro i n t ,
A r t i c u L a t ihou m e r i .
M scalenusmedius*
a V jugularisinterna
o V cephalica
Proc. coracoideus
a M. biceps brachii,Caput longum, Tendo
Acromion
Caputhumeri
,*
Plexusbrachialis
O M. deltoideus
Nodilymphoidei
paratracheales
a A axillaris
CostaI
c M subscapularis
carotiscommunisa
sinistra
a V axillaris
Noduslymphoideus
tracheobronchialis
a lvl teresmajor
Arcusaortaea
longus
& N thoracicus
O l\4 serratusanterior
Pulmosinister
CostalV
F i g .9 6 6 T h o r a c icca v i t yC, a v i t atsh o r a c i s ;
a x i t t aA, x i L t a ,n ds h o u t d ei ro i n t ,
A r t i c u L a thi ou m e r i .
lvl scalenusanteriore
t M sternocleidomastoideus
* N vagusdexter[X]
M pectoralismajorC
M subclavius
*
a A carotiscommunis
Plexus brachialisx
Caput humeri
a A subclavia
Pulmodexter,Apex
Pleuravisceralis
Pleuraparietalis
Vertebra
thoracicalll. Proc soinosus
Scapula
M infraspinatus
t
t M serratusanterior
Clavicula
o M trapezius
a V subclavia
o
M sternohyoideus
a
.M
scalenusanterior
a M omohyoideus
a A subclavia
I M pectoralis major
Trachea
a M. deltoideus
Oesophagus
internusa
Medulla spinalis
a M infraspinatus
,! N suprascapularis
M trapeziusa
M supraspinatus
a
F i g .9 5 7 a , b T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s a; x i I L aA, x i t l a ,
a n d s h o u [ d e ri o i n t .A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i .
Scapula
Spinascapulae
a R i g h tp a r t o f t h e b o d y
b Left part of the body
> Thoracicviscera
Lungs
transversesections
A\
Manubrium
sterni
Nodi lymphoideiparatracheales
O Truncusbrachiocephalicus
a lvl sternothyroideus
sinistra
a A, carotiscommunis
V.thoracica
internao
N phrenicus
dexter,,
Trachea
.N
V cavasuperiora
M pectoralismajora
phrenicus
sinister
sinistra
a A subclavia
,* N vagussinister[X]
M pectoralis
c
mrnor
CostaI
Oesophagus
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
V pulmonalis
a
dexlrasuperior
,, N thoracicus
longus
thoracicus
longus?
V axillarisa
*{ Plexusbrachialis
HUMETUS
a Arcusaortae
A axillarisa
Noduslymphoideus
axillaris,
Nodusapicalis
a A subscapularis
l\4 subscapularis
a
Bronchus
segmentalis
poslerior
[B ll]
M teresmajorI
M infraspinatus
e
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
costa lll
Scapula
M trapeziusO
V azygoso
s M serratusanterior
* N, intercostalis
Pleuravisceralis
* Truncussympathicus
Ductusthoracicus
Vertebra
thoracicall. Proc soinosus
F i g . 9 5 8 T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s
Corpussterni
Becessus
costomediastinalis
A thoracica interna O
N phrenicusdexter {
a Truncusbrachiocephalicus
sinistra
a A carotiscommunis
a Arcusaortae
r N. phrenicus
sinister
I M pectoralismajor
V, cavasuperioro
Bronchus
segmentalis
anteriorIB llll
Nodi lymphoideiparatracheales
A pulmonalis
sinistra,O
A segmentalis
anterior
minor
, M pectoralis
Pulmosinister.
Lobussuoerior
V azygos O
Trachea
N intercostalis
i
Bronchus
intrasegmentalis
N thoracicus
longusa
longus
I N thoracicus
Pulmodexter,
Lobussuperior
Oesophagus
lvl intercostalis
externusa
a A thoracodorsalis
vagusdexter[X] i.
a M. teresmajor
lvl subscapularis
l|
, N.vagussinister
[X]
V azygosO
lvl infraspinatus
O
Scapula
Fissuraobliqua
CostalV
Truncussympathicus
{
M trapeziusa
Vertebrathoracica lV
Fissuraobliqua
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
a Parsthoracicaaortae
Recessus vertebromediaslinalis
Ductusthoracicus
F i g . 9 6 9 T h o r a c i cc a v i t y C
Thorax, transversesections
Corpussterni
A pulmonalis
dextraa
O Parsascendensaortae
Cavitas pericardiaca
N phrenicus
dexter
Cartilago
costalis
V cavasuperioro
a Truncuspulmonalis
l\4 pectoralismajor6
N phrenicus
sinister
A lobarissuperiora
sinistrasuperior
a V oulmonalis
Pulmodexter.LobussuDerior
Bronchus
sinister
Drincioalis
Nodi lymphoidei
bronchopulmonales
Bronchus
lobarissuperior
l\4 serratusanteriorO
Glandula mammaria
Costalll
N thoracicus
longus
, N thoracicus
longus
F i s s u roab l i q u a
a A lobarissuperior
principalis
Bronchus
dexter
I M serratusanterior
Pulmodexter,
Lobusinferior
Fissuraobliqua
M teres major O
N vagus[X]
Truncus
sympathicus
a Parsdescendens
aonae
azygosa
lvl trapezius
c
VertebrathoracicaV
Scapula
N vagus[X]
Oesophagus
Ductusthoracicus
F i g . 9 7 O T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
Bronchus principalisdexter
Sternum
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsmediastinalis
M pectoralis
major
Bronchus segmentalis
a n t e r i o r[ B l l l ]
Parsascendensaortae
V cavasuperior
posterior[B ll]
principalis
Bronchus
sinister
Parsdescendens
aortae
Bronchus lobarissuperior
dexler
Scapula
Bi{urcatiotracheae
M, infraspinatus
Oesophagus
Vertebrathoracica lV,
Corpus vertebrae
Vertebra thoracica lV,
Proc transversus
Foramen
vertebrale
M erectorspinae
M trapezius Costae
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i oInC T ] .
lvl serratusanterior
Lur r Es
Thorax, transversesections
\
V cavasuperiora
A thoracica
internaa
V pulmonalis
dextrasuDerior
a
N phrenicusdexter ,
M pectoralismajor S
Corpussterni
a Pars ascendens aortae
Sinustransversus
oericardii
O Truncuspulmonalis
Costalll
Bronchus
lobarismedius
N phrenicus
sinister
Auriculaatriisinistri
Pulmodexte.,Lobusmedius
Pulmosinister.
LobussuDerior
Bronchus
lobarismedius
G l a n d u l am a m m a r i a
Bronchus
lobarisinferior
Oesophagus
Nodi lymphoidei
bronchopulmonales
N thoracicuslongus .r
Aa lobares inferioresa
Fissura obliqua
Cavitaspleuralis
Pulmodexter,
Lobusinferior
Bronchus
segmentalis
basalisposterior
[B X]
M serratusanterior*
sinistra
a V pulmonalis
inferior
M latissimus
dorsicr
V pulmonalis
dextrainferiorO
M intercostalis
externus*
Ductusthoracicus
N vagus dexter [X] :
V intercostalisO
M trapezius
*
aortae
a Parsdescendens
Becessus
vertebromediastinalis
o V azygos
VertebrathoracicaVl
sinistrum
Aorta
Valva
aortae
Valvulasemilunaris
sinistra
Valvulasemilunaris
posterior
Cuspisanterior
I Valva atrioventricularis
sinistra [Valva mitralis]
7 Cuspisposterior
J
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Valvulasemilunaris
dextra
Septuminterventriculare
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Fig.973 Heart,Cor;
u L t r a s o u nidm a g ev i e w e df r o m t h e o e s o p h a g u s
( t r a n s o e s o p h a g eeacIh o c ar d i o gr a p h y l .
transversesections
Atriumcordisdextrum
Sternum, Proc xiphoideus
sinistra
a A coronaria
Cartilago costalis
a Sinusaortae
Valva aortae
N phrenicus
dexter
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Pulmodexler,Lobusmedius
a A coronaria
sinistra,
R, interuentricularisanterior
Papilla mammaria
Ventriculus
cordissinister
Giandula mammaria
sinistra[Valvamitralis]
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
Fissuraobliqua
l\4 serratusanteriorN
sinister
* N phrenicus
V basalisinferior,
a
V pulmonalis
dextra
inferior
o V cardiacamagna
Noduslymphoideus
bronchopulmonalis
Costa Vl
N vagusdexter[X] ''t
M latissimus
dorsia
Pulmodexter,
Lobusinferior
VertebrathoracicaVll
N intercostalis
&
Oesophagus
Lobusinferior
Pulmosinister,
a V intercostalisa Parsdescendensaortae
- Truncussympathicus
Ductusthoracicus
M pectoralismajore
V oulmonalis
sinistrainferioro
M transversus
thoracisa
Sternum.Proc xiohoideus
o A coronaria/ Atriumcordis
Sinistra ,/ dextrum
Pulmodexter,Lobusmedius
dextra
[Valvatricuspidalis]
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
Fissuraobliqua
Ventriculus
Costa lll -\
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
N intercostalis*
Mamma
Recessus
coslomediastinalis
Fissuraobliqua
Nodi lymphoidei
tracheobronchiales
inferiores
s N, phrenicus
a A coronariadextra
Pulmo dexter,
Lobus inferior
Pulmosinister,
Lobusinferior
M intercostalis
externusa
a Parsdescendensaortae
basalis lateralis[B lX]
dorsi
a M latissimus
Noduslymphoideus
juxtaoesophagealis
N vagusdexter[X] |
VertebrathoracicaVlll
Oesophagus
V azygosa
\ a A intercostalisDuctusthoracicus
Truncussympathicus
Vll. proc spinosus
thoracica
Vertebra
F i g ,9 7 5 T h o r a c i cc a v i t yC
, a v i t a st h o r a c i s
> Abdominalviscera
>> | Stom achI SmattintestineI Lar gei ntes ti ne
I Li v er
Oesoohaous.
Parsabdomirialis
Incisura
cardialis
Fundusgastricus
Curvatura
minor
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Corpus
gastricum
Incisura
angularis
Curvaturamaior
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Fig.976 Stomach,Gaster;
ventraIview.
Pancreas
Musclesof thestomach
Fundusgastricus
Oesophagus,
Tunicamuscularis
Tunicamuscularis,
Curvaturamajor
Tunicamuscularis,
Curuatura
minor
Tunicamuscularis,
Stratumcirculare
externaImusc[etayers;
ventraIview
Tunicamuscularis
Stratumcirculare
Oesophagus,
Tunicamuscularis
Tunicamuscularis,
Stratumcirculare
Tunicamuscularis,
Fibraeobliquae
, aster;
F i g .9 7 8 S t o m a c h G
t h e p e r i t o n e u mh a s b e e n
removedto demonstratethe
i n t e r n a Im u s c [ el a y e r s ;
ventraIview.
> AbdominaIviscera
Stomach,structure
Incisura
cardialis
Oesophagus,
Parsabdominalis
CardiaIParscardiaca],Ostiumcardiacum
Duodenum,
Parssuperior,
Ampulla
Plicaecirculares
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Parspylorica,
Canalispyloricus,
Antrumpyloricum
F i g . 9 7 9 S t o m a c hG
, a s t e r a, n d d u o d e n u mD
, uodenum;
ventraIview.
Areae gastricae
Foveolae gastricae
Tunicamucosa
Epilhelium
Laminapropriamucosae
Noduluslymphoideus
solitarius
Glandulae gastricae
Laminamuscularis
mucosae
Telasubmucosa
F i g .9 8 0 D i a g r a mo f t h e s t o m a c hw a t [ ;
the layersof the wa[[ havebeen removedstepwise;
m i c r o s c o p i ec n t a r g e m e nat i L o wm a g n i f i c a t i o n .
Pancreas
Vesselsof thestomach
A ; V gastricasinistra,Rr oesophageales
CardiaIParscardiaca]
A.; V.gastricasinistra
A hepaticapropria
V portaehepatis
Ductuscysticus
Ductus hepaticuscommunis
Omentumminus,
Lig hepatogastricum
Aa ;W. gastricae
breves
Lig hepatoduodenale
A hepaticacommunis
A;V gastroomentalis
sinistra
A;V gastricadextra
Omentummaius
A ;V gastroomentalis
dextra
Flexuraduodeniinferior
dextra,Rr.omentales
A ; V gastroomentalis
, aster;
F i g . 9 8 1 B L o o dv e s s e t so f t h e s t o m a c h G
ventraIview.
Lobus hepatis
sinister
Nodi lymphoidei
gastrici dextri
Nodi lymphoidei
pylorici
Nodi lymphoidei
gastroomentales dextri
F i g .9 8 2 S t o m a c hG
, a s t e r a, n d t i v e r ,H e p a r ,
w i t h L y m p hn o d e s ,N o d it y m p h o i d e i ;
ventraIview.
Liver
1 = Oesophagus
withcontrastmedium
( 1a) intothelundus
At the transition
o{ stomach,the groovesbetween
theloldsappearas darkstriations
2 = Fundusof stomachwithairbubble
3 = Bodyof stomach
3a = Lessercuruature
3b = Greatercuruature.
In the liningsof the latter,notches
cotresponding
to the contour
of the mucousarevisible
4 = Peristalticconstrictionat
the angularnotch
5 = Pyloricpartpriorto the progressionof
a portionol the stomach'scontenl
6 =Ampullaofduodenum
partof theduodenum
7 = Descending
withcircularfolds
8 = Jejunum
9 = Left"dome"ofdiaphragm
10 = Leftcolicflexure(filledwithair)
F i g . 9 8 3 S t o m a c hG
, a s t e ra, n d
d u o d e n u mD, u o d e n u m ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r o r a I
a d m i n i s t r a t i oonf a c o n t r a s m
t edium;
ventraIview.
Sternum,
Proc
xiphoideus
Cardia [Pars
cardiacal
Sternum,
Proc
xiphoideus
Gaster,
CardiaIPars
cardiacal
Fornix
gastricus
CostaX
Costa X
Fornix
gastricus
Corpus
gastricum
Corpus
gastricum
Gaster,
Parspylorica
Gaster,
Parspylorica
Spinailiaca
anterior
supenor
p r o j e c t i o no f a " n o r m a t "s t o m a c ho n t ot h e a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n a I
wa[t;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o n .
Spinailiaca
anterior
supenor
p r o j e c t i o no f a " l o n g "s t o m a c ho n t ot h e a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n a I
watt;
u p r i g h tp o s i t i o n .
Pan c r e a s
Gastroscopy
Oesophagus
Corpusgastricum
Antrumpyloricum
F i g . 9 8 6 T e c h n i c apt r o c e d u r eo f o e s o p h a g o s c o p y
and gastroscopy.
* Gastroscooe
** Thegastroscope's
(compare
Fig.987al
in thebodyof stomach
tip located
**+Thegastroscope's
Fig.987b)
antrumlcompare
in the pytoric
tip located
Gaste(
Pariesanterior
Gaster,
Pariesanterior
Plicae gastricae
Pylorus
Gaster,
Parspylorica,
Antrumpyloricum
Gaster,
Pariesposterior
, aster;
F i g . 9 8 7a , b S t o m a c h G
e n d o s c o p i icm a g eo f t h e stomachIgastroscopy)
;
Gaster,
Pariesposterior
, ithdistinct
, o r p u sg a s t r i c u mw
a V i e wo f t h e b o d yo f s t o m a c h C
L o n g i t u d i n faot L d so f t h e m u c o s a{ P t i c ag a s t r i c a e l
b V i e wo f t h e p y t o r i ca n t r u m ,A n t r u m p y t o r i c u mp, r e d o m i n a n t t y
coveredwith smooth mucosa
> Abdominalviscera
tt
Duodenum
Duodenum,
AmpullaIBulbusl
Gaster,Parspylorica
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Duodenum,
Parsascendens
Duodenum,
Parshorizontalis
Fig.988 Duodenum,Duodenum.
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Pancreas,Caput
Duodenum,
Parshorizontalis
F i g . 9 8 9 D u o d e n u mD
, u o d e n u ma, n d
p a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s ;
p r o j e c t e do n t ot h e a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n aw
I a[t.
Pancreas
pyloricus
M sphincter
Pylorus,
Ostiumpyloricum
CanalisovloricusI I Harsovlorlca
'
Antrumpyloncum)
Plicaecirculares
duodeni*
M susoensorius
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Flexuraduodenojejunalis
Ampullahepatopancreatica
Papilladuodenimajor""
Jejunum
Tunicamuscularis
Duodenum,
Parsascendens
Duodenum,
Parshorizontalis
F i g . 9 9 0 D u o d e n u mD, u o d e n u m ;
ventraIview.
* C[inicaI
of TREITZ
term:muscLe
++CtinicaI
term:papitlaof VATER
VertebrathoracicaXll
Duodenum,
Pars
suPerior,
Xll
Costa \
Ampulla
Duodenum, Pars I Plicae
descendens
minor
Gaster,Curvatura
Gaster,
Incisura
angularis
Duodenum,rJejunum
Parsascendens
Vertebra
lumbalislll
Fig.991 Duodenum,Duodenum;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r o r a I a d m i n i s t r a t i oonf a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m ;
ventraIview.
, uodenum;
F i g . 9 9 2 D u o d e n u mD
e n d o s c o p i icm a g e .
tt
SmalLintestine,
structure
Telasubmucosa
Tunicamuscularis,
Stratumcirculare
F i g . 9 9 3 S u p e r i o rp a r t o f t h e d u o d e n u m ,
P a r ss u p e r i o dr u o d e n i ;
layersof the wa[1.
* C t i n i c at eI r m :B R U N NsEgRL a n d s
Tunicamuscularis,
Mesenterium
Telasubmucosa
Laminamuscularis
mucosae
Tunicaserosa
Periloneum (
Teta
viscerale 1
\ suoserosa
Villi intestinales
Nodulus lymphoideus
solitarius
Stratum/
/
Tunica longitudinale
muscularis
I
I Stratumcirculare
F i g .9 j I S m a L i[ n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u m
tenue;
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e u p p e rs m a t Li n t e s t i n e .
Villusintestinalis
Epithelium
Lamina propria mucosae
Tunicamucosa
Vas lymphaticumcentrale
Glandulae intestinales
Lamina muscularismucosae
Tela submucosa
I Stratumcirculare
.l
r unrca musculans {
^.
srrarum --\
I
llongitudinale
Tela subserosa
Tunicaserosa
F i g .9 9 5 S m a t Ii n t e s t i n el,n i e s t i n u mt e n u e ;
[ a y e r so f t h e w a L t ;
m i c r o s c o p iec n l a r g e m e nat t l o w m a g n i f i c a t i o n
Tunicamucosa
Pancreas
Mucosaof the small intestine
Telasubserosa
Tunicamuscularis
Plicae
circulares
Plicae
crrcurares
Noduli
lymphoidei
solitarii
F i g . 9 9 7 l l e u m ,l t e u m .
F i g . 9 9 6 J e j u n u m ,J e j u n u m .
Plicae circulares
Noduli lymphoidei
aggregati*
Noduli lymphoideisolitarii
Mesenlerium
F i g .9 9 8 T e r m i n a iI [ e u m ,
P a r st e r m i n a t i si [ e i .
* CtinicaI
term:PEYER
s patches
Mesenterium
itei].
s iverticu[um
Fig.999 MECKEL'd
{Diverticutum
T h i sv e s t i g eo f t h e y o l . ks t a t kI D u c t u so m p h a t o e n t e r i c u s l
o c c u r si n 1 - 3 % o f c a s e s .l t i s [ o c a t e d3 0 - 7 0c m o r a I t o
t h e i t e o c a e c aj uI n c t i o no p p o s i t et o t h e a t t a c h m e n ot f t h e
mesenrerv.
> AbdominaIviscera
tt
Largeintestine
Flexuracoli
sinistra
Colontransversum
Flexuracoli
dextra
Taenia libera
Colondescendens
Colonascendens
Haustracoll
Appendices
omentales
Appendix
vermiformis
Colonsigmoideum
F i g .1 0 0 0 L a r g ei n t e s t i n eI n, t e s t i n u cmr a s s u m ;
ventraL
view.
Flexuracoli
sinistra
Colon
Iransversum
Colon
ascendens
Colon
oescenoens
Colon
slgmoideum
Rectum
F i g . 1 0 0 1 L a r g ei n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u mc r a s s u m ;
p r o j e c t e do n t ot h e a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n a I w a l L .
T h e p o s i t i o n so f t h e t r a n s v e r s ec o t o na n d o f t h e s i g m o i d
c o t o na r e h i g h l .vya r i a b t e[ c o m p a r eF i g .1 0 1 0 ) .
Pa n c r e a s
Large i ntestine, structure
Colonascendens
Taenia libera
Haustra
coli
Plicae semilunarescoli
Colon
ascenoens
Appendix
vermtformis
Papilla ilealis
Plicae
semtlunares
coll
lleum
Noduli
lymphoidei
aggregati'
Ostium
ileale
lleum
Frenulum
ostii
ilealis
Caecum
Taenia libera
Appendixvermilormis
vermiformis
Ostiumappendicis
F i g . 1 0 0 3 A s c e n d i n gc o t o n ,C o l o na s c e n d e n s ;
c a e c u m ,C a e c u m a, n d v e r m i f o r ma p p e n d i xA, p p e n d i xv e r m i f o r m i s ;
ventraIview.
* CtinicaI
S oatches
term:PEYER
F i g .1 0 0 2 C a e c u m C
, a e c u m v; e r m i f o r ma p p e n d i x ,
A p p e n d i xv e r m i f o r m i sa, n d t e r m i n a Ii [ e u m ,
P a r st e r m i n a t i si t e i ;
dorsalview.
Omentummajus
Taeniaomentalis
Haustracoli
Mesocolontransversum
Taenia mesocolica
Taenia libera
Fig. 1004 Transversecolon,Co[ontransversum;
ventroinferiorview.
Appendices
omentales
lepiploicael
intestinales
Glandulae
Epithelium
Tunicamucosa
Laminapropriamucosae
solitarius
Noduluslymphoideus
mucosae
Laminamuscularis
Telasubmucosa
F i g .1 0 0 5 C o t o n C
, oton;
layersof the wa[t;
m i c r o s c o p iec n [ a r g e m e n t
at lowmagnification.
Telasubserosa
Tunicaserosa
S t o m a c h Sm at[intestineLargeintestine Liver
SplenILienl
Lobushepatisdexter
Gaster
Omentummajus
Vesicabiliaris
Colontransversum
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Duodenum,
Parsascendens
Caputpancreatis
Radixmesenterii
Colon descendens
Colon ascendens
Caecum
Colonsigmoideum
Ampullatubaeuterinae
Ovarium
Vesicaurinaria
F i g . 1 0 0 6 V e r m i f o r ma p p e n d i xA, p p e n d i xv e r m t f o r m i s ;
v a r i a t i o n si n i t s p o s i t i o n ;
ventraIview.
Anulus
umbilicalis
Colon ascendens
Colonascendens
lleum
Appendix
vermiformis
Spinailiaca
anterior
supenor
Spinailiaca
anteriorsuperior
-30%
Appendix
vermiformis
Caecum
- 65o/o
2 o/o
<1%
F i g . 1 0 0 7a - d V e r m i f o r ma p p e n d i xA, p p e n d i xv e r m i f o r m i s ;
v a r i a t i o n si n i t s p o s i t i o n .
a D e s c e n d i n ign t o t h e l e s s e rp e l v i s
b B e h i n dt h e c a e c u m
c I n f r o n to f t h e i [ e u m
d B e h i n dt h e i t e u m
Fig. 1008 Caecum, Caecum,and vermiform appendix,
Appendixvermiformis;
p r o j e c t i o no n t o t h e a n t e r i o r a b d o m i n a I w a [ [ .
+ C t i n i c a l t e r mv; . L A N Z ' ps o i n t ,a t t h e r i g h tt h i r do f a [ i n e
c o n n e c t i n tgh e a n t e r i o rs u p e r i o ri t i a cs p i n e s l,o c a t e st h e t i p
o f t h e v e r m i f o r ma o o e n d i x
* + C [ i n i c atIe r m : N 4 c B U R NsEpyo i n t ,a t t h e o u t e rt h i r do f a t i n e
c o n n e c t i n tgh e r i g h ta n t e r i o rs u p e r i o ri L i a cs p i n ea n d t h e
u m b i t i c u s ,l o c a t e st h e b a s eo f t h e v e r m i f o r ma o o e n d i x
i
.i | , "-i':. o.'
lipi.uun
i r r r ; i 1 , , 'l , l ,\ ,
\''irlt\iuns
Flexuracoli dextra
Flexuracoli sinistra
Caecum
Appendix vermiformis
Colon sigmoideum
F i g .1 0 0 9 C o t o nC
, o t o n a, n d r e c t u m ,R e c t u m ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e rf i L t i n gw i t h a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m
a n da i r { d o u b l e
c o n t r a sm
t ethodl.
F i g . 1 0 1 0a - d T r a n s v e r s ceo l o n ,C o t o nt r a n s v e r s u m ;
c o m m o nv a r i a t i o nisn i t s p o s i t i o n ;
v e n t r a Lv i e w .
a N o r m a Ip o s i t i o n
b Twisted
F i g .1 0 11 A s c e n d i ncgo l o n C
, o L oa
ns c e n d e n s ;
e n d o s c o p iicm a g ea f t e r p a s s a g eo f t h e r e c t u m ,
t h e s i g m o i dc o t o nt,h e d e s c e n d i ncgo L o n
a n d t h e t r a n s v e r s ec o l o nI c o L o n o s c o p v l
c U- s h ap e d
d V - s h ap e d
>> | Stom ach
I Sm at[intestineI Lar gei ntes ti ne
I Li v er
Liver
Lig coronarium
Lig.triangulare
dextrum
Lig falciforme
Diaphragma
Lig triangulare
sinistrum
LobusheDatis
sinister.
Faciesdiaphragmatica
Lobushepatisdexter,
Lig. talciforme
Lig tereshepatis
Margoinferior
Vesica biliaris
Fi1.1012 Liver,Hepar;
ventraIview.
lmpressiooesophagea
.. I Parssuperior;
Factesoraonraomatca
1
\Area nuda
Appendixfibrosahepatis
V cava inferior
lmpressio
suprarenalis
Lig.venosum
Lig coronarium
Lobuscaudatus
V portaehepatis
lmpressio
gasrnca
lmpressio
renalis
Tuber
omentale
Ductus
choledochus
lbiliarisl
Proc papillaris
Proc caudatus
A. lobicaudati
lmpressio
duodenalis
Lobushepatissinister
A cystica
Margo inferior
lmpressio colica
propria
A hepatica
Lobushepatisdexter
Fissuraligamenti
teretis
Incisura
ligamenti
teretis
Lig teres
hepatis
LOOUS
quaoralus
Vesica biliaris
F i g . 1 0 1 3 L i v e r ,H e p a r ,a n d p o r t ah e p a t i s P
, o r t ah e p a t i s ;
dorsaIview.
* Borders
of thesuperiorrecessof theomentaIbursa
Pan c r e a s
Lig falciforme
Lobusheoatisdexter.
Tunicaserosa
Lobushepatissinister,
Tunicaserosa
Lig.coronarium
LOOUS
caudatus
Appendixfibrosahepatis
W hepaticae
V. cava inferior
(Lig. venae
cavae)
F i g . 1 0 1 4 L i v e r ,H e p a r ;
F i g . 1 0 1 5 L i v e r ,H e p a r ,o f a f o e t u s ;
oxygencontentof the btoodis shown
b y d i f f e r e n ct o [ o u r sa n d t h e d i r e c t i o n
of ftow by arrows;
dorsaIview.
* Atso:DuctusARANTII
> AbdominaIviscera
tt
Liverpuncture
CostaV
Diaphragma
Hepar,Lobussinister
Hepar,Lobusdexter
Lig teres hepatis
Fig.1016 LiverH
, epar;
p r o j e c t i o no n t ot h e a n t e r i o r
abdominaLwa[t;
intermediate
p o s i t i o nb e t w e e n
i n s p i r a t i oann d e x p i r a t i o n .
+ Position
of the needte
for liverpuncture
M intercostalis
externus
M intercostalis
internus
F i g . 1 0 1 7 L a y e r so f t h e a b d o m i n a l
w a [ La n d t h e L i v e rH
, epar;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
* Position
of theneedte
for liverouncture
F i g . 1 0 1 8a - d L i v e r ,H e p a r ;
v a r i a t i o n si n s h a p e
a S m a t L[ e f t [ o b eo f I i v e r ,L o b u sh e p a t i ss i n i s t e r
b T o n g u e - s h a p epdr o c e s so f t h e r i g h t l o b eo f L i v e r ,
L o b u sh e o a t i sd e x t e r
c B r i d g e df l a t s h a p e
d D i a p h r a g m a t ifcu r r o w s
Vesica biliaris
Fancreas
structure
coronanum
Areanuda
Lt9
coronanum
Facies visceralis
Margo inferior
, epar;
F i g . 1 0 1 9 L i v e rH
s a g i t t a L s e c t i ot h
n r o u g ht h e r i g h t [ o b eo f I i v e rt o d e m o n s t r a t e
t h e b r a n c h e so f t h e h e p a t i cv e i n sa n d t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i n .
* I n t r a h e p a bt irca n c h eosf t h eh e p a t ivce i n s
+ +I n t r a h e p a bt irca n c h eosf t h eh e p a t ipco r t avI e i na n dt h eh e p a t iacr t e r y
V centralis
Ductusbilifer
interlobularis
V interlobularis
A interlobularis
, epar;
Fig.1020 LiverH
m i c r o s c o p isct r u c t u r eI m i c r o s c o p iecn t a r g e m e nat t l o w
m a qn i fi c a t i o n l ;
t r i a s o f G L I S S OI N
c o n s i s t so f a b r a n c ho f t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a L
[ i t ed u c t l ,
v e i n ,a b r a n c ho f t h e h e p a t i ca r t e r yp r o p e ra n d a s m a L b
a n d a s m a [ tL i v e lro b u [ es u r r o u n d i n ga c e n t r a lv e i n '
> AbdominaIviscera
tt
Bloodyesselsof the liver
V cava inferior
W hepaticae dextrae
W hepaticae
sinistrae
W hepaticaeintermediae
Vesicabiliaris
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
F i g . 1 0 2 1 L i v e r ,H e p a r ,a n d h e p a t i cv e i n s ,V v .h e p a r r c a e ;
ventraLview.
Ductushepaticus
sinister
V cava inlerior
V portaehepatis,R sinister
A hepatica proprja,
R dexter
V portae hepatis, R. dexter
A hepatica
propria,R. sinister
Ductus hepaticusdexter
Ductuscholedochus
lbitiarisl
F i g . 1 0 2 2 L i v e r ,H e p a r ,a n d t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a tv e i n ,V p o r t a eh e p a t i s ;
ventraLview.
Pancreas
FissuraportalisprinciPalis
Segmentum
!l
Fissuraumbilicalis
Fissuraoortalisdextra
Seomentumposterius
sinisiruml ll
late-rale
Seomentumoosterius
laleraledexirum[Vll]
Lig.falciforme
anterius
Seomentum
sinistrumIlll]
late-rale
anterius
Seomentum
latEraledextrum[Vll
Lig tereshepatis
anterius
Seomentum
m6dialedextrum[Vj
mediale
Seomentum
sinistrum[V]
Vesicabiliaris
, epar;
F i g . 1 0 2 3 L i v e rH
areshownin differentcolours;
of the Lobes
the segments
ventratview.
V. cava inferior
Lig.triangulare
sinistrum
(Lig. venae cavae)
Segmentumill
Seomentumoosterius
la-terale
sinistrumilll
Lig.venosum
Seomentumanterius
ld;ale sinistrum
!lll
Seomentumanterius
latdraledextrum[Vl]
Seomentumanterius
meaialedextrum[V]
Lig.tereshepatis
Vesicabiliaris
Fig. 1021 Liver,Hepar;
of the tobesareshownin differentcotours;
the segments
dorsaIview.
> Abdominalviscera
tt
Liver,ultrasound
V. hepatica
sinistra
V hepatica intermedia
V hepatica dextra
V cava inferior
Diaphragma
Pulmodexter,
Lobusinferior
F i g . 1 0 2 5 H e p a t i cv e i n s ,V v .h e p a t i c a e ;
u t t r a s o u n di m a g es h o w i n gt h e o p e n i n go f t h e h e p a t i cv e i n s
i n t ot h e i n f e r i o rv e n ac a v a
* Abdominatwat[
--t
V portaehepatis,
R dexter
portaehepatis
V portaehepatis,
R sinister
R anterlor
V portaehepatis,
R dexter
Pars abdominalis aortae
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis
V cava inferior
Parscostalis
diaphragmatis
F i 1 . 1 0 2 6 H e p a t i cp o r t a Lv e i n ,V . p o r t a eh e p a t i s ;
u t t r a s o u n di m a g es h o w i n gt h e d i v i s i o no f t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i n
i n t ot h e m a i nb r a n c h e s ;
* A b d o m i nw
a Ia [ [
Fancreas
Liver,laparoscopy
Diaphragma
Fundusvesicae
bitiaris
Colontransversum
Hepar,Lobusdexter
Omentummajus
, s i c ab i l . i a r i lsf e l l . e a ] ;
F i g .1 O 2 l L i v e r ,H e p a r ,a n d g a t L b t a d d eVr e
l-^--^--^^.,.
LdPor uJLUPy,
o b t i o u ei n f e r i o rv i e wf r o m t h e L e f t
Fundus vesicae biliaris
Corpus vesicae biliaris
A ; V cystica
Peritoneumparietale
Collum vesicae biliaris
Lobus hepatis dexter
Duodenum, Pars superior
Fundusgastricus
F i g .1 0 2 8 G a L t b L a d d V
e re,s i c ab i L i a r i sl f e t t e a ]a, n d I i v e r ,H e p a r ;
Laparoscopy;
v e n t r a Iv i e w .
> A b d o m i n avt i s c e r a
tt
Gallbtadder
and biLeductsvstem
Lig falciforme
Vesica biliaris
Ductuscysticus
Ductushepaticus
communts
Ductushepaticus
dexter
Ductushepaticus
sinister
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
Lig hepatoduodenale
Duodenum
Papilladuodeni major
Collum vesicae biliaris
Ductushepaticus
communrs
Plicae mucosae
Plicaspiralis*
Corpus
vesrcae
biliaris
Ductus
choledochus
lbiliarisl
Fundus vesicae biliaris
Plicae circulares
Noduli lymphoidei
solitarii
Plica longitudinalis
duodeni
(Oriliciumductus
pancreatici)
Papilladuodeni major ""
F i 9 . 1 0 2 9 G a L l . b L a d dVeer s, i c ab i L i a r i sl f e t L e a ] ,
a n d b i [ ed u c t s y s t e m ;
ventraL
view
* C I i n i c at eI r m :H E I S TsEvRa l v e
** Ctinicalterm
t u:b e r c loef V A T E R
F i g . 1 0 3 0a - c V a r i a t i o n si n t h e b i L ed u c t s y s t e m :
c o m m o nh e p a t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sh e p a t i c ucso m m u n i s ,
a n d b i [ ed u c t ,D u c t u sc h o t e d o c h u s .
a H i g hu n i o no f t h e c o m m o nh e p a t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sh e p a t i c u s
c o m m u n i s a, n d t h e c y s t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sc y s t i c u s
b L o w u n i o no f t h e c o m m o nh e p a t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sh e p a t i c u s
c o m m u n i s a, n d t h e c y s t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sc y s t i c u s
c L o w u n i o na f t e rt h e c y s t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sc y s i i c u sc, r o s s e s
o v e rt h e c o m m o nh e p a t i cd u c t ,D u c t u sh e p a t i c u sc o m m u n i s
Pancreas
Bileduct system,radiography
Ductushepaticus
sinister
Ductushepaticus
dexter
Ductushepaticus
communrs
Ductuscysticus
Vesicabiliaris
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
Duodenum
F i g . 1 0 3 1 B i t ed u c t s y s t e m ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r a d m i n i s t r a t i oonf a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m ;
ventraIview.
DuctusheDaticus
communis
Ductuscysticus,
Plicaspiralis
Collumvesicaebiliaris
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
Duodenum
Corpusvesicaebiliaris
F i g . 1 0 3 2 G a L t b t a d d eVre, s i c ab i I i a r i s[ f e l . t e a ] ,
a n d b i l . ed u c t s y s t e m ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r a d m i n i s t r a t i oonf a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m ;
ventraIview.
> A b d o m i n avI i s c e r a
Pancreas
V cava inferior
V gastricasinistra
Pars thoracicaaortae
A hepatica propria
A gastricasinistra
V portae hepatis
Glandula
suprarenalis
Diaphragma
Glandula
suprarenalis
A;V splenicailienalisl
Ductushepaticus
communrs
Ductus cysticus
Caudapancreatis
A gastroduodenalis
Ren
Truncus coeliacus
A ; V mesenterica
supeflor
A hepatica
communrs
(V gastroduodenalis)
A renalis
Caputpancreatis
V renalis
Duodenum,
Pars descendens
A ;V colica
medta
l\4 suspensorius
duodeni
A ;V colica
dextra
Duodenum,
Parshorizontalis
Jejunum
M quadratus
lumborum
i
M, psoas major
V mesenterica
inferior
A ; V ovarica/testicularis
A mesenterica
inferior
Aa ; W jejunaleset ileales
F i g ,1 0 3 3 R e t r o p e r i t o n e a
oL
r g a n sa n d v e s s e t so f t h e u p p e ra b d o m e n ;
ventraLview.
Canalis pyloricus
pyloricus
l\4 sphincter
Corpuspancreatis
Ductuspancreaticus*
Ductus choledochus[biliaris]
Cauda pancreatis
Ductus oancreaticusaccessorius'*
Papilladuodeni minor
NI suspensoriusduodeni"***
Ductus choledochus[biliaris]
Incisurapancreatis
Duodenum, Pars descendens
Plica longitudinalisduodeni
Papilladuodeni maior**r
Duodenum, Pars ascendens
Plicae circulares
Caputpancreatis
Duodenum.
Parshorizontalis
Proc uncinatus
F i g .1 0 3 4 D u o d e n u mD, u o d e n u m ,
a n d p a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s ;
* C t i n i c at eI r m :d u c to f W T R S U N G
** Ctinicatterm
SA
: N T o Rsl N
d ul c t
*** CtinicaI
term:tubercleof VATER
*+*+
C [ i n i c at eI r m :m u s c l o
e fT R E t T z
Duodenum.
Parssuoerior
V portaehepatis
communis
Ductusheoaticus
Ductuscysticus
V splenica lienalis]
FlexuraduodenisuDerior
(Sulcusarteriaesplenicae)
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliaris]
Corpuspancreatis
Ductuspancreaticus
Parsdescendens
Duodenum,
V. mesenterica
superior
A. mesenterica
superior
Caputpancreatis
Proc uncinatus
Flexuraduodeni inferior
F i g .1 0 3 5 D u o d e n u mD, u o d e n u m ,
a n d p a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s ;
dorsaIview.
Parshorizontalis
Duodenum,
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
Ductus
pancreaticus
Pancreas
Papilla
duodeni
mator
e
F i g . 1 0 3 5a - f V a r i a t i o n isn t h e o p e n i n go f t h e b i t ed u c t ,
cuct,
D u c t u sc h o t e d o c h u sa,n d t h e p a n c r e a t i d
D u c t u sp a n c r e a t i c u s .
a L o n gc o m m o np a r r
b A m p u [ [ a r ye n t a r g e m e nat t t h e t e r m i n a lp a r t
c
d
e
f
S h o r tc o m m o np a r t
S e p a r a t eo p e n i n g
S i n g l .o
e p e n i n gw i t h a s e p t u md i v i d i n gt h e c o m m o nd u c t
A c c e s s o rd
y u c t ,D u c t u sp a n c r e a t i c uasc c e s s o r i u s
Pancreatocyticus
exocnnus
Insula pancreatica
Acini pancreatici
F i g , 1 0 3 7 P a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s ;
m i c r o s c o p recn t a r g e m e nat t l o w
m a g n iifc a t i o n .
Ductus excretorius
> A b d o m i n avt i s c e r a
Pancreas,
Ductuspancreaticus;
Caudapancrealis
Ductushepaticus
communts
Ductuscysticus
Jelunum
Vesicabiliaris
Ductuscholedochus
Ibiliaris]
Duodenum. Pars descendens
Ampulla hepatopancreatica
Ductuspancreaticus
F i g .1 0 3 8 P a n c r e a t i c d u c D
t , u c t u sp a n c r e a t i c u s ;
b i [ ed u c t ,D u c t u sc h o t e d o c h u sa,n d g a L L b t a d d e r ,
V e s i c ab i L i a r i s[ f e t t e a ] ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pshu; p i n ep o s i t i o na; f t e re n d o s c o p i c
i n t u b a t i o no f t h e c o m m o ne x c r e t o r vd u c t o f t h e l i v e r
a n d t h e p a n c r e a sa, s w e L [a s i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m ;
ventraIview
C t i n i c atLe r m : E R C PI e n d o s c o p irce t r o g r a d ec h o [ a n g i o pancreaticographyi.
V portaehepatis,R sinister
Hepar,Lobussinister
A mesenterica
superior
A splenica
Lig teres hepatis
Corpuspancreatis
V portaehepatis
Hepar, Lobus
caudatus
Corpuspancreatis
V, splenica
V renalissinistra
V cava inferior
Cauda pancreatis
Vertebra
lumbalisI
F i g . 1 0 3 9 P a n c r e a sP, a n c r e a s ;
u [ t r a s o u n di m a g es h o w i n gt h e p a n c r e a sa n d a d j a c e n t
[ a r g ev e s s e L isn d e e pi n s p i r a t i o n ;
o b t i q u ei n f e r i o rv i e w .
* A b d o m i nw
a Ia l L
Pancreas,
Gaster,
(Pariesposterio0
Caudapancreatis
Corpuspancreatis
Colontransversum
Flexuracoli dextra
t h e g a s t r o c o L li icg a m e n to f t h e g r e a t e ro m e n t u mh a s b e e n
d i s s e c t e dt o e x p o s et h e o m e n t a Ib u r s a ;
photograph
t a k e nd u r i n gs u r g e r y .
* D i s s e c t i o[ inn ea t t h eq r e a t eor m e n t u m
M. rectusabdominis
Gaster
Cavitaspleuralis
A splenica
A gastricasinistra
uapur I
CorpusI pancreatis
Cauda )
propria
A hepatica
V cava inferior
V splenica
Hepar
SplenILien]
Pars lumbalisdiaphragmatis,
Crus dextrum
Ren
Truncuscoeliacus
Corpus vertebrae
Parsabdominalisaortae
[Aortaabdominalis]
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i ch o r i z o n t asI e c t i o nI C T ] ;
i n f e r i o rv l e w .
I n t h i s s u b j e c t t, h e c o e t i a ct r u n k i s [ o c a t e dr e m a r k a b t y[ o w .
* A i r b u b b t ien t h es t o m a c h
> Abdominalviscera
, 4--\
Margosuperior
V.splenicalienalisl
Facies visceralis.Facies colica
A splenica lienalisl
Hilumsplenicum
Facies visceralis,
Facies gastrica
Lig splenorenale
Lig gastrosplenicum
Extremitasanterior
Facies visceralis,
Facies renalis
Fi1.1012 Spleen,S p t e n
ILienJ;
v e n t r o m e d i avIi e w .
Margoinferior
Facies diaphragmatica
Extremitas
anterior
Extremitasposterior
F i 9 . 1 0 4 3 S p [ e e nS
, p L e nI L i e n J ;
superolateraIview.
Facies diaphragmatica
Tunica serosa;
Tunica fibrosa
Facies renalis
TrabeculaesDlenicae
Pulpa splenica
V splenica Iienalis]
Fig. 10t+t+Spleen,SpLen[LienJ;
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e s p [ e n i ch i t u m ;
superomediatview
A splenica lienalis]
H i l u ms p l e n i c u m Facies gastrica
Pancreas
Gaster
Pancreas
Cavitas
peritonealis
Duodenum
Bursa
omentalis
Bursa
omentalis
Colon
transversum
Jejunum
Omentummajus
aonae
F i g . 1 0 4 5 D e v e l o p m e notf t h e p e r i t o n e acI a v i t yC
, avitas
p e r i t o n e a [ i sa,n d t h e v i s c e r a rLe L a t i o n s h i p s ;
s c h e m a t i cm e d i a ns e c t i o n :
Lateratview.
Fig. 1016 Devetopmentof the peritoneaIcavity,Cavitas
peritoneatis;
s c h e m a t i ch o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n :
S U p e n ovr t e w .
Hepar
Diaphragma
Lig hepatogastricum
Parsthoracicaaortae
Oesophagus
Pancreas
Bursaomentalis
Cavitasperitonealis
Gaster
Lig gastrocolicum
Colontransversum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Omentummajus
Cavitas peritonealis
Colonsigmoideum
Excavatio vesicouterina
Fig. 1017 Devetopmentof the peritoneaL
cavity,Cavitas
p e r i t o n e a t i sa,n d t h e v i s c e r a rLe L a t i o n s h i posf t h e f e m a L e ;
f i n a Is t a t eo f t h e p e r i t o n e acLa v i t yw i t h a d h e s i o no f t h e
g r e a t e ro m e n t u mt o t h e t r a n s v e r s ec o l o n ;
Excavatiorectouterina"
s c h e m a t i cm e d i a ns e c t i o n ,
LateraIview.
s i t h t h e p e r i t o n e acI a v i t yv i a
T h e o m e n t a Ib u r s ac o r r e s p o n dw
t h e o m e n t a If o r a m e n .
* C t i n i c at eI r m :p o u c ho f D 0 U G L A S
> AbdominaIviscera
Greateromentum
Lig. falciforme
Parspylorica
Gaster,Curvaturamajor
Corpusgastricum
Lobushepatisdexter
Lig. teres hepatis
M rectusabdominis
Fundus
vesicaebiliaris
Lig gastrocolicum
Colontransversum
M. transversus
abdominis
Taenia omentalis
Omentummajus
M. obliquusinternus
abdominis
M obliquus
externusabdominis
Colonascendens,
Taenialibera
Colonsigmoideum
Peritoneum
parietale
(A ; V epigastricainferior)
Linea arcuata
(Chorda arteriae umbilicalis)
(Lig umbilicalemedianum)
F i g . 1 0 4 8 P o s i t i o no f t h e a b d o m i n avl i s c e r a S
, i t u sv i s c e r u m ,
a n d g r e a t e ro m e n t u m ,0 m e n t u m m a j u s .
Pancreas
S p l e e n Topography
Sections
Abdominalvisceraof the neonate
Clavicula
fibrosum
Pericardium
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Pulmosinister,
Lobussuperior
Pulmodexter,
Lobussuperior
Pulmodexter,Lobusmedius
Pleura Darietalis.Pars mediastinalis
Pulmodexter,Lobusinferior
Lobusinferior
Pulmosinister,
Pleuraf Parsmediastinalis
parietalis
1'
\Harsorapnragmatca
Diaphragma
anteriot
Splen[Lien],Extremitas
Lig falciforme
major
Gaster,Curvatura
Colon descendens
Omentummajus
V umbilicalis
Intestinum
tenue
(A.; V epigastricainferior)
(A umbilicalis)
Vesica urinaria
(Urachus)
Lig falciforme
Anulus umbilicalis
V umbilicalis
F i g . 1 0 4 9 P o s i t i o no f t h e a b d o m i n avl i s c e r ao f t h e n e o n a t e .
Abdominalviscerain the upperabdomen
Lig falciforme
Lrg coronanum
Diaphragma
Faciesvisceralis
Lobushepatisdexter,
Fundus
gastricus
Lobusquadratus
Appendix
fibrosahepatis
Omentum
minus,
Ltg
hepatogastricum
Cardia
Recessus
Vesica biliaris
Omentum minus,
Llq.
Corpusgastricum,
Pariesanterior
hepatoduodenaie
Foramen omentale
*
lepiploicuml
Splen[Lien]
Gaster,Curvaturaminor
Lobus hepatis
dexter, Facies
visceralis
Lig gastrosplenicum
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Lig phrenicocolicum
Incisura
angularis
Ren,Extremitas
supenor
Gaster,Curuatura
major
Pylorus
Omentummajus
Jd- A.: V. gastroJi omentalis
sinistra
Flexuracoli dextra
Taeniaomentalis
A;Vgastricasinistra
Colontransversum
Mesocolon
transversum
Omentummajus,Lig gastrocolicum
F i g .1 0 5 0 P o s i t i o o
n f t h e a b d o m i n avIi s c e r ai n t h e u p p e ra b d o m e n ;
* A[so:foramenof WtNSLoW
Gaster,Curvatura
minor
Hepar,Lobussinister
Corpusgastricum
Gaster,
Pars pylorica
Gaster,Curvaturamajor
Hepar, Lobus
dexter
Vesica biliaris
V gastroomentalis
slnistra,
B omentalis
V gastroomentalis
dextra,Br gastrici
Omentummajus
F i g .1 0 5 1 S t o m a c hG
, a s t e ra, n d g r e a t e ro m e n t u m ,O m e n t u mm a j u s ;
photograph
t a k e nd u r i n gs u r g e r y ;
ventraLview.
* S u r g i c ad Lr a p e
** SurglcaI
retractor
Pan c r e a s
Abdominalviscerain the upperabdomen
Lobus hepatis dexter, Facies diaphragmatica
Lobushepatissinister,Faciesdiaphragmatica
Lig teres hepatis
Recessus
supenorDursae
omentalis
SplenILien],
Margosuperior
Lobus
quadratus
Plica
gastropancreatica
LOOUS
caudatus
Recessus
sprenrcus
Vesicabiliaris
Corpusgastricum,
Pariesanterior
Omentumminus,
Lig. hepatogastricum
Omentumminus,
Lig. hepatoduodenale
Mesocolon
Iransversum
Tuber
Corpus omentale
pancreatis Facies
anrerosupeflor
Flexura coli dextra
Gaster,
Curvaturamaior
inferior
Recessus
bursaeomentalis
Omentummajus,Lig.gastrocolicum
Gaster.Curvaturaminor
F i g . 1 0 5 2 A b d o m i n a I v i s c e rian t h e u p p e ra b d o m e n ;
parts of the lesser omentum havebeen removedto expose
t h e o m e n t a lb u r s aa n d t h e p a n c r e a s ;
o b t i q u ev i e wf r o m s u p e r i o r .
Plica gastropancreatica
Lig. gastrocolicum
Glandula
suprarenalis
Hepar,
Lobus
caudatus
Lig
gastrosplenicum
Vestibulum
bursae
omentalis
SplenILien],
Margo
supenor
Lig.hepatoduodenale
A;V
splenica
Pylorus
Hilum
splenicum
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Cauda
pancreatis
Corpus
pancreatis,
Facies
anterosuperior
Taeniaomentalis
Colon
transversum
Colonascendens
Mesocolon
transversum
Taenialibera
Omentummajus,Lig.gastrocolicum
A.: V colica media
F i g .1 0 5 3 0 m e n t abt u r s aB
, u r s ao m e n t a t i s ;
a f t e rd i s s e c t i oonf t h eg a s t r o c o [[iicg a m e n t ;
o b t i o uvei e wf r o mi n f e r i o r .
Taenia mesocolica
> AbdominaIviscera
Abdominalviscerain thelowerabdomen
Omentummajus
Colontransversum
Taenia libera
Appendices
omentales [epiploicae]
Flexuracolisinistra
Flexuracoli
dextra
Colon ascendens
Taenia libera
Colon sigmoideum
Sulci paracolici
Plica ileocaecalis
F i g . 1 0 5 4 P o s i t i o no f t h e a b d o m i n avl i s c e r a S
, i t u sv l s c e r u m .
Pancreas
Abdominalviscerain the lowerabdomen
Omentummajus
Taenia omentalis
Fundus vesicae
biliaris
Taenia libera
Flexuracolidextra
A ; V c o l i c am e d i a
Mesocolon
transversum
Lobushepatis
dexter,
Margoinferior
Pancreas
Duodenum,
Pars
horizontalis
Jejunum
Taenia libera
Recessus ileocaecales
superior et inlerior
Radix mesenterii
lleum,
Parsterminalis
Sulci paracolici
lleum
Plica ileocaecalis
Caecum
Ureter,Parsabdominalis
Mesoappendix
Appendix
vermiformis
F i g . 1 0 5 5 S m a l Li n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u mt e n u e ,
a n d [ a r q ei n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u mc r a s s u m .
>AbdominaI
viscera
Abdominalviscerain the lowerabdomen
Colontransversum
Omentummajus
Taenialibera
A ; V c o l i c am e d i a
Pancreas,
Faciesanteroinferior
Mesenterium
Ureter
Recessus
duodenales
superioret inferior
Ren, Extremitas
inferior
Sulci paracolici
Recessus
intersigmoideus
Mesoappendix
F i g . 1 0 5 6 S m a t Ii n t e s t i n eI,n t e s t i n u mt e n u e ,
a n d t a r g ei n t e s t i n el,n t e s t i n u mc r a s s u m .
Pancreas
Mesenteric
root
Omentummaius
Colontransversum
Mesocolon
transversum
Flexura coli dextra
Colon ascendens
Duodenum,
Parsascendens
Duodenum,
Pars
horizontalis
Plica duodenalis
inlerior
Taenia libera
Colon ascendens
lvlesenterium
Recessus ileocaecalis
supenor
Colondescendens
Appendices
omentales
lepiploicael
Taenia libera
Recessus
ileocaecalis
interior
Mesoappendix
Vesica urinaria
Colon
sigmoideum
F i g . 1 0 5 7 M e s e n t e r yM
, esenterium,
a n d L a r q ei n t e s t i n eI.n t e s t i n u mc r a s s u m .
tt
Mesentericrootand retroperitoneal
space
Lig, hepatogastricum
Vestibulumbursae omentalis
Lobus hepatis sinister
Ostium cardiacum
Bursaomentalis
Lobuscaudatus,
Proc papillaris
A;V
gastricabrevis
Lig gastrosplenicum
Lig falcilorme
Lig teres hepatis
Omentum
minus
Caudapancreatis
Fundusvesicaebiliaris
Flexuracolisinistra
Lig hepatoduodenale
Corpuspancreatis
l\4esocolon
transversum
Lig gastrocolicum
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Lig. phrenicocolicum
Ren,Extremilas
superior
Flexuracolidextra
Omentum majus
Gaster,Parspylorica
Colon transversum
j
Recessus duodenales
superioret inlerior
Omentummajus,
Lig gastrocolicum
Omentummajus
Colon descendens
Colonascendens
Colontransversum
Mesenterium
Recessus
ileocaecalis
superior
ileum
Recessus
ileocaecalis
inferior
Colon
sigmoideum
Caecum
Recessus
retrocaecalis
Mesocolon
sigmoideum
Appendix vermilormis
Ureter,Pars pelvica
Ductusdeferens
Mesoappendix
Excavatiorectovesicalis
Vesicaurinaria
F i g .1 0 5 8 P o s i t i o o
n f t h e a b d o m i n a L v i s c eSr ai t,u sv i s c e r u m ,
a n d t h e o m e n t a bI u r s a ,B u r s ao m e n t a L r s
A n a r r o w i n d i c a t e st h e o m e n t a Il e p i p l o i cf]o r a m e n .
FnncneaE
Retroperitoneal
Lig gastrophrenicum
Recessus
superiorbursaeomentalis
Ostiumcardiacum
Lig coronarium,Lig triangularesinistrum
Lig gastrophrenicum
W hepaticae
Glandula suorarenalis:Bursa omentalis
V cava inferior
A ;V splenica
Foramen omentale [epiploicum]
Lig gastrosplenicum
Diaphragma
Glandula
suprarenalis
Lig coronarium
V portaehepatis;
A hepaticapropria
Ductushepaticus
communts
Ducluscysticus
Caudapancreatis
Li9 hepatoduodenale
Mesocolon
transversum
Ren
Duodenum, Pars superior
inferior
V mesenterica
Peritoneumparietale
Flexura
Duodenum,
duodenojejunalis
A ; V gastroomentalis
dextra
inferior
Ren,Extremitas
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
Recessus
duodenales
superioret inferior
Ren, Extremitasinterior
Plicaduodenalis
inferior
Caput pancreatis
Duodenum, Pars
ascendens
A ; V mesenterica
supenor
Duodenum,
Pars horizontalis
A:Vcolicasinistra
A mesentericainferior
Radix mesenterii
Aa sigmoideae
Plica ileocaecalis
A rectalissuperior
Recessus
ileocaecalis
supenor
Becessus
intersigmoideus
Recessus
ileocaecalis
inferior
Ureler,
Pars pelvica
l\ilesoappendix
Mesocolon
sigmoideum
A; V ovarica;
Lig suspensorium
ovaflt
A ;V iliaca
communts
Linea terminalis
Ovarium
Colon sigmoideum
Excavatiorectouterina"
Ltg
Excavatiovesicouterina
Vesica urinaria,Fundus vesicae
Tubauterina[Salpinx]
teresuteri"'
Pelvis minor
Fundusuteri
, avitas
F i g . 1 0 5 9 P o s t e r i ow
r a L Lo f t h e p e r i t o n e acLa v i t y C
p e r i t o n e a L iasn, d s p l e e n S
, p L e nI L i e n Jo, f t h e f e m a L e
S i t e so f a t t a c h m e n ot f t h e a s c e n d i n ga n d d e s c e n d i n cg o L o n
a r e i n d i c a t e d[ * ]
* C l i n i c at eI r m :p o u c ho f D 0 U G L A S
* +C t i n i c at eI r m :r o u n d[ i g a m e n t
> Abdominalviscera
Abdomi naI arteri es, overview
Truncuscoeliacus
ParsabdominalisaortaelAortaabdominalis]
B oesophagealis
A. splenicailienalisl
A. hepatica
communis
A gastricasinistra
A. cystica
A. gastroomentalis
sinistra
A hepaticapropria
A. gastricadextra
A. pancreaticamagna
A. gastroduodenalis
A. caudaepancreatis
(A supraduodenalis)
A gastroomentalis
dextra
A. pancreaticoduodenalis
superior
posleflor
A pancreaticadorsalis
A prepancreatica
A mesenterica
supenor
A pancreaticoduodenalis inferior
A. marginalis
coli
A colica media
A. colica dextra
A ileocolica
Aa. sigmoideae
Aa jejunales
A. rectalissuoerior
A. appendicularis
F i g . 1 0 6 0 A r t e r i e so f t h e a b d o m i n avI i s c e r a ;
comi-<nhom:tin.
p o s s i b t ea n a s t o m o s eas r e i n d i c a t e d[ O ] .
A. rectalisinferior
V gastricadextra
W hepaticae
V. cavainlerior
V gastricasinistra
W gastricaebreves
V splenica
ilienalisl
V portaehepatis,
R dexter
V. cystica
V. oastroomentalis
lgaltroepiploicalsinistra
V. portaehepatis
V splenicailienalisl
V. mesenterica
supenor
inferiot
V. mesenterica
(V marginalis
coli)
(Vv duodenales)
V pancreaticoduodenalis
superior
posterior
V colicasinistra
V colicamedia
V colica dextra
V ileocolica
W. rectalesmediae
W. rectalesinferiores
V. appendicularis
W jejunales
, .p o r t a eh e p a t i s ,
F i g .1 0 6 1 H e p a t ipc o r t avI e i nV
w i t ht r i b u t a r i e s ;
semi-schematic.
> AbdominaIviscera
Coeliactrunk
Lig.tereshepatis
DuctusheDaticus
communis
Truncuscoeliacus
A hepaticapropria
Truncuscoeliacus
A gastricasinistra
Vesica biliaris
Gaster
A. cystica
Splen ILien]
Ductus
cysticus
A splenicalienalisl
A gastricasinistra
A hepaticacommunis
A hepaticapropria
A gastroduodenalis
A gastricadextra
A hepatica
communrs
V portaehepatis
Ductuscholedochus
lbitiarisl
A splenica
A gastrica dextra
A gastroomentalis
sinlstra
A pancreaticoduodenalis
superiorposterior
A gastroomentalis
dextra
A gastroomentalis
sinistra
Duodenum
-s0%
A gastroduodenalis
a
A mesenterica
superior
A gastroomentalis dextra
mesenterica
supeflor
A hepatica
propna,
R dexter
A hepatica
communrs
-3%
_10
- 3fo
- 12Yo
e
d
A gastrica
posterior
7To
t
F i 9 . 1 0 6 2a - f V a r i a b i L i o
t yf t h e a r t e r i a tb L o o ds u p p l . oy f t h e L i v e r .
a "Textbookcase"
b T h e s u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c a
superior,
p a r t i c i p a t eisn t h e s u p p [ yo f t h e r i g h t [ o b eo f t h e L i v e r .
c T h e c o m m o nh e p a t i ca r t e r y ,A . h e p a t i c ac o m m u n i s a, r i s e sf r o m
t h e s u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c a
superior.
d T h e t e f t [ o b eo f t h e l i v e ri s s u p p l . i e bd y t h e l e f t g a s t r i ca r t e r y ,
A . g a s t r i c as i n i s t r a .
e A b r a n c ho f t h e L e f tg a s t r i ca r t e r y ,A g a s t r i c as i n i s t r a s, u p p t i e s
t h e L e f t[ o b eo f t h e I i v e ra t o n gw i t h t h e t e f t b r a n c ho f t h e h e p a t i c
a r t e r yp r o p e r ,A . h e p a t i c ap r o p r i a .
f An accessorb
y r a n c ho f t h e h e p a t i ca r t e r yp r o p e r ,
A . h e p a t i c ap r o p r i a s, u p p t i e st h e l e s s e rc u r v a t u r eo f t h e s t o m a c h .
F i g . 1 0 6 3a - e V a r i a b i t i toy f t h e a r t e r i a Ib L o o ds u p p l . y
of the stomach.
a " T e x t b o o ck a s e " ,c t o s e da r t e r i a Ia r c a d es u p p L y i n g
b o t ht h e l e s s e ra n d t h e g r e a t e rc u r v a t u r e
b T h e t e f tg a s t r i ca r t e r y ,A . g a s t r i c as i n i s t r a ,
p a r t i c i p a t eisn t h e s u p p [ yo f t h e L e f t[ o b eo f t h e L i v e r .
c A n a s t o m o s ibs e t w e e nt h e r i g h ta n d l e f t g a s t r o - o m e n t a I
a r t e r i e sA
, a . g a s t r o o m e n t a t edse x t r ae t s i n i s t r a ,
at the greater curvature
d A b s e n c eo f a n a n a s t o m o s i b
s e t w e e nt h e r i g h t a n d
l e f t g a s t r o - o m e n t aaLr t e r i e s A
, a .g a s t r o o m e n t a L e s
d e x t r ae t s i n i s t r a a, t t h e g r e a t e rc u r v a t u r e
e An accessoryposteriorgastricartery,A. gastrica
p o s t e r i o ra, r i s i n gf r o m t h e s p t e n i ca r t e r y ,A . s p t e n i c a ,
r a t [o f t h e s t o m a c h .
s u p p t i e st h e p o s t e r i o w
Pancreas
Arteriesof the upperabdomen,radiography
A hepatica propria
A gastricasinistra
A. hepaticacommunis
Truncuscoeliacus
A gastroduodenalis
A. splenica
A. gastroomentalis
sinistra
Pelvisrenalis
Uretersinister
F i g . 1 0 6 4 A r t e r i e so f t h e s t o m a c h ,G a s t e r t; h e s p L e e n ,
S p t e nI L i e n l ,a n d t h e I i v e r ,H e p a r ;
t e d i u mi n t o
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e rs e t e c t i v e
i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s m
t h e c o e t i a ct r u n k I c o e [ i a c o g r a p hwyi)t h c o n c o m i t a nvti s u a t i z a t i o n
o f t h e r e n a tp e l v i sd u e t o t h e r e n a te x c r e t i o no f t h e m e d i u m ;
ventraIview.
* Catheter
[oopin theaorta
** Catheter
in theaorta
A hepaticapropria,
Aa segmenti
anterioriset posterioris
A hepaticapropria,R dexter
communis
A. hepatica
A gastroduodenalis
superiorposterior
A. gastroomentalis
dextra
superioranterior
F i g . 1 0 6 5 C o m m o nh e p a t i ca r t e r y ,A . h e p a t i c ac o m m u n i s ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e rs e t e c t i v ei n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m
i n t ot h e c o m m o nh e p a t i ca r t e r y ;
ventraIview.
A pancreaticadorsalis
inferior
A. pancreatica
*
B r a n c h e st o t h e t e f t t o b eo f t h e t i v e r r e p t a c i n ga s i n g L eL e f tb r a n c h
o f t h e h e p a t i ca r t e r y P r o P e r
* * A n a c c e s s o r yb r a n c ho f t h e h e p a t i ca r t e r y t o t h e l e s s e rc u r v a t u r e
of the stomach
* + * C a t h e t e ri n t h e a o r t a
> AbdominaIviscera
Vesselsof the upperabdomen
Lobuscaudatus
Lig teres hepatis
diaphragmatis
a Parslumbalis
a A gastricasinistra
V cava inferior o
a Truncus
coeliacus
Vesica biliaris
a A phrenica
inferior
Lobushepatis
dexter;
Lobus
a Parsabdominalis
aortae
9uqur drur
A;VcysticaOo
a A. splenica
A hepaticao
propna
SplenILien]
V portaea
hepatis
a V gastricasinistra
Ductus
choledochus
lbiliarisl
A gastroduodenalisa
OaA;V
gastroomentalis
sinistra
A hepatica a
communrs
Omentummajus
A gastrica dextra a
Pancreas
V prepyloricaO
A;vaa
gastroomentalis
dextra
a O Rr omentales
F i g . 1 0 6 6 V e s s e l so f t h e u p p e ra b d o m e n .
Pancreas
Vesselsof the upperabdomen
A hepatica
communis
a
a Truncuscoeliacus
O A gastricasinistra
a o A.;V gastroomentalis
sinistra
V cavainferioro
O A phrenica
inferior
a A gastrica
brevis
aaA;V
splenica
a a Rr sDlenici
A;Vgastro-aa
omentalis
dextra
A gastro-a
duodenalis
Corpus
pancreatis
V portaehepatisa
A pancreaticoa
duodenalis
superioranterior
a A pancreaticoduodenalis
inferior
Caputpancreatis
a A mesenterica
supeflor
V mesenterica
O
supeflor
Proc uncinatus
Lig gastrocolicum
a A. epigastrica
inferior
F i g . 1 0 6 7 V e s s e Losf t h e u p p e ra b d o m e n
> A b d o m i n avl i s c e r a
Superior m esenteric artery
A colica media
A mesenterica
superior
a jejunales
Aa ileales
A. ileocolica
A mesentericainlerior
A caecalis posterior
A appendicularis
200k
F i g . ' 1 0 6 8a - d V a r i a b i t i toyf t h e b r a n c h e so f t h e s u p e r i o r
m e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c a
s u p e r i o r s, u p p l . y i ntgh e l a r g e
i n t e s tni e
a " T e x t b o o ck a s e " ,t h e a s c e n d i n ga n d t h e t r a n s v e r s ec o L o n ,
C o t o na s c e n d e n se t t r a n s v e r s u ma, r e s u p p l . i e bd y t h r e e
Drancnes
1 0% o
6%o
T h e i t e o c o I ia
c r t e r y ,A i t e o c o I i c aa,n d t h e r i g h t c o t i ca r t e r y ,
A . c o L i c ad e x t r a ,f o r m a c o m m o nt r u n k
0 n L yt w o b r a n c h e sa r i s ef r o m t h e m e s e n t e r i ca r t e r yw h i t e
t h e r i g h t c o t i ca r t e r y ,A . c o t i c ad e x t r a ,i s a b s e n t
D u p t i c a t i oonf t h e r i g h t c o t i ca r t e r y ,A . c o t i c ad e x t r a
A mesenterica
superior
Aa jejunaies
A colica dextra
Aa. ileales
F i g .1 0 6 9 S u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y A
, . m e s e n t e r i c sau p e r i o r ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u mi n t ot h e
o r i g i no f t h e s u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ;
* C a t h e t e ri n t h e a o r t a
* * C a t h e t e irn t h e c o m m o ni I i a ca r t e r y
Fancreas
Vessels
coli
a A marginalis
V mesentericasuperior a
superior
a A mesenterica
aaA;Vcolicasinistra
A colica media a
a Aa jejunales
Flexura coli
dextra
JeJunum
Flexura duodeni
inferior
a W jejunales
A ;V colica
dextra
a A ileocolica
Aa ileales a
W i l e a l e sa
A ; V epigastrica
inferioro a
Caecum
F i g , 1 0 7 0 S u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r ya n d v e i n ,A . e t V m e s e n t e r i c sa u p e r i o r .
T h e a r t e r i e ss u p p L y i ntgh e s m a t Li n t e s t i n ef o r m a s e r i e so f a r c a d e s .
Colon sigmoideum
Liven
Inferior m esenteric arterv
A colicamedia
A marginalis
coli
A mesenterica
superior
A mesenterica
inferior
A colica sinistra
Aa sigmoideae
A rectalissuperior
F i 9 . 1 0 7 1a - c V a r i a t i o ni sn t h e b r a n c h e o
s f t h ei n f e r r o r
m e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r .
a T h e i n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r ,
d i v i d e si n t o t h r e e p a r t ss u p p t y i n gt h e d e s c e n d i n a
gn d
s i g m o i dc o l o n ,a s w e [ La s t h e r e c t u m
b A n a c c e s s o r ym i d d t ec o t i ca r t e r y ,A . c o t i c am e d i a ,a n s e s
f r o m t h e i n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r ,
c An accessorm
y i d d t ec o I i ca r t e r y ,A . c o I i c am e d i a ,a r i s e s
f r o m t h e L e f tc o l i ca r t e r y ,A . c o L i c a
sinistra.
* CtinicaIterm
: DECK
p o' si n t
SU
V mesentericainferior
A ascendens
V colica sinistra
A marginaliscoli
Crista iliaca
Aa sigmoideae
A rectalissuperior
F i g . 1 0 7 2 I n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r s e t e c t i v ei n l e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u mi n t o
t h e o r i g i no f t h e i n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ;
* C a t h e t ei nr t h ea o r t a
Fancreas
Vesselsof the lowerabdomen
A pancreaticoduodenalisinferiora
Flexura
duodenoieiunalis
superior
a A mesenterica
a V splenica
V mesentericaa
supenor
Pancreas
a V mesenterica
inferior
a A mesenterica
inferior
aA colicasinistra
A a ; V va o
jejunales
a OAa;W
sigmoideae
aoA;Vrectalis
supenor
Radix mesenterii
Colon
sigmoideum
A sacralismedianaa
F i g . 1 0 7 3 I n f e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r ya n d v e i n ,
A . e t V m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r .
>Abdominat
viscera
Coeliactrunk
Truncuscoeliacus
A mesenterica
superior
Vertebra
lumbalisI
F i g , 1 0 7 1 A b d o m i n aaI o r t a ,P a r sa b d o m i n a t i as o r t a e w
, i t h t h e c o e l i a ct r u n k ,
T r u n c u sc o e t i a c u sa, n d t h e s u p e r i o rm e s e n t e r i ca r t e r y ,A . m e s e n t e r i c sa u p e n o r ;
u l t r a s o u n di m a g e ;a L m o s itn t h e s a g i t t a p
I lane.
* A b d o m l nw
a Ia t L
Truncuscoeliacus
A hepatica communis
A gastricasinistra
A splenica
A. mesenterica
superior
superior posterior
1 0Y o
F i g . 1 0 7 5a - e V a r i a b i L i o
t yf t h e c o e I i a ct r u n k ,
T r u n c u sc o e t i a c u s .
a " T e x t b o o ck a s e " ,d i v i s i o no f t h e t r u n k i n t ot h r e e b r a n c h e s
b D i v i s i o no f t h e t r u n k i n t of o u r b r a n c h e s
c D e v e L o p m eo
n ft a h e p a t o s p [ e n ti cr u n k ,T r u n c u s
hepatospLe
i cnu s
d D e v e t o p m e notf a g a s t r o s p [ e n it cr u n k ,T r u n c u s
g a s t r o s p L ei cnu s
D e v e [ o p m e notf a g a s t r o s p t e n it cr u n k ,T r u n c u s
g a s t r o s p t e n i c uasn, d a h e p a t o m e s e n t e rtircu n k ,
T r u n c u sh e p a t o m e s e n t e r i c u s
Pancreas
space
Vesselsof the retroperitoneal
A heoaticacommunis a
Vv hepaticaea
Hiatusaorticus
Hiatus oesophageus
a a A ; V gastricasinistra
V cava inferiora
A hepatica propria a
Gaster,Parscardiaca
O Truncuscoeliacus
V portae hepatis O
Pars costalis S
diaphragmatis
Glandula
suprarenalis
Glandula
suprarenalts
oaA;Vsplenica
Ductushepaticus
communrs
Caudapancreatis
Ductuscysticus
a V mesenterica
inferior
Ductuscholedochus
lbiliarisl
aoA;Vmesenterica
supenor
Rendexter
Duodenum,
Pars
superior,
Ampulla
Jelunum
Duodenum,
Pars
oescen0ens
Rensinister
Caputpancreatis,
Proc uncinatus
Duodenum,
Parshorizontalis
a Parsabdominalis
aortae
N iliohypogastricus
{
aA colicasinistra
N i l i o i n g u i n a l i,s
o Bifurcatioaortae
V cava inferior a
O O A ; V l u m b a l i sl V
A;V testicularisaa
aoA;Vmesenterica
inferior
N cutaneus
femoris
lateralis
ooA;Vsacralis
mediana
([/ psoas mino0, Q
Tendo
a A rectalissuperior
A;Viliacaao
communrs
Mesocolon
sigmoideum
N femoralis.:
Fascia iliaca
A ; V c i r c u m f l e x aO a
i l i u mp r o f u n d a
A;V iliacaexlernaaO
a a Aa ;W sigmoideae
Ductusdelerens
A ; V epigastrica
inferiorO a
parietale
Peritoneum
pace,
F i g . 1 0 7 6 V e s s e t so f t h e r e t r o p e r i t o n e as L
S i t u sr e t r o p e r i t o n e a Loi sf t, h e m a t e .
> AbdominaIviscera
Hepaticportal vein,overview
Oesophagus
W oesophageae
V cava inferior
W hepaticae
V splenicaIienalisl
V gastricasinistra
V portaehepatis
W gastricaebreves
V gastricadextra
SplenILien]
V cystica
V oastroomentalis
sinistra
Vesica biliaris[fellea]
V mesentericasuperior
V mesenterica
inferior
V gastroomentalis
dextra
V colica media
Vv pancreaticoduodenales
V colica sinistra
Colonascendens
V colicadextra
W jejunales;
W ileales
V ileocolica
Colon descendens
V appendicularis
F i g . 1 0 7 7 H e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i n ,V . p o r t a eh e p a t i s ;
PortocavaI anastomoses
V. hemiazygos
(Plexusvenosussubmucosus)
V phrenicainferior
V. hepatica
(R.oesophagealis)
V gastricasinistra
V portaehepatis
V splenicailienalisl
V. renalissinistra
V mesenterica
supenor
V lumbalis
ascendens
V mesenterica
inferior
V paraumbilicalis
V. cavainterior
V colicasinistra
V epigastrica
superficialis
V iliacacommunis
V sigmoidea
V rectalissuperior
V epigastrica
inferior
V iliaca interna
Vv rectalesinteriores
F i g . 1 0 7 8 H e p a t i cp o r t a Lv e i n ,V . p o r t a eh e p a t i s ,
and inferiorvena cava,V. cavainferior;
semi-schematic;
t r i b u t a r i e so f t h e i n f e r i o rv e n ac a v ai n b t u e ;
t r i b u t a r i e so f t h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i ni n p u r p t e ;
p o t e n t i apI o r t o c a v aaIn a s t o m o s eas r e i n d i c a t e d
bvcirctes.
> Petvicviscera
and retroperitoneaI
space
U r i n a n yb l a d d e r
Kidney
Margosuperior
Aa suprarenales
supenores
Capsulaadiposa
Capsula fibrosa
I\4argomedialis
Aa suprarenales
mediae
Glandula
suprarenalis
V suprarenalis
A suprarenalis
interior
Margo
lateralis
A renalis,B posterior
V renalis
Hilum renale
A renalis,R anterior
Pelvis renalis
V,teslicularis/ovarica
sinistra
F i g . 1 0 7 9 K i d n e yR, e n[ N e p h r o s aJ n
, d
s u p r a r e n agIL a n dG, L a n d u L
ap r a r e n a L i s ;
su
v e n t r a tv i e w I t e f t l .
Aa suprarenalessuperiores
Margosuperior
Glandula
suprarenalis
Glandula suorarenalis.Hilum
Capsulaadiposa
Capsula fibrosa
Aa suprarenalesmediae
W suprarenales
Margo medialis
A suprarenalis
inferior
Margo medialis
A renalis
V renalis
F i g . 1 0 8 0 K i d n e yR, e n[ N e p h r o s al ,n d
s u p r a r e n agI t a n d ,G [ a n d u t a
suprarenalis;
ventraL
v i e w{ r i g h t l .
Genitatia
Cortexrenalis
Papillaerenales
lMedullarenalis,
Pyramides renales
(Basispyramidis)
F i g . 1 0 8 1 K i d n e yR, e n[ N e p h r o s l ;
o b L i q ua
e n d v e r t i c a Ih e m i s e c t i o n
d i s p t a y i n tgh e r e n a Ic o r t e x ,t h e m e d u t [ a
a n dt h e p e t v i s ;
ventraL
v i e w( t e f t J .
Arrows point from the pyramidsto the
calyces.
Cortexrenalis
Calyxrenalismajor
Sinusrenalis
Columnae
renales
Pelvisrenalis
Calyx renalis major
Medulla
renalrs
Calices renales minores
Costa Xl
Costaxll
Ren sinister
Ren dexter
Crista iliaca
Spina iliaca
posterior
supeflor
Cortexrenalis
Medulla renalis,
Pyramides renales
(Basispyramidis)
Fig. 1082 Projectionof the kidneys
o n t ot h e b a c k .
Capsula
fibrosa
Cortexrenalis
Columnarenalis
Areacribrosa,
papillaria
Foramina
Aa interlobares
A renalis
V renalis
Sinusrenalis;Corpus
Pelvis renalis
Sinusrenalis;
adiposum
renales
Columnae
A arcuata
o b t i q u ae n dv e r t i c ahI e m i s e c t i o n ;
ventraIviewIteftl.
> Pelvicviscera
U r i nar ybl adder
space
andretroperitoneaI
Kidney,structure
n
Capsulalibrosa
Cortexrenalis
l\4edullarenalis
Aa. interlobares
renales
Pyramides
Papilla renalis
Calyxrenalisminor
F i g . 1 0 8 4 K i d n e yR
, e n[ N e p h r o s l ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e r e n a Is i n u s ;
i n f e r i o rv i e w I l . e f t ] .
Polusurinarius
Corpusculum
renale
Tubulusproximalis
Tubulusdistalis
m i c r o s c o o i sc e c t i o no f t h e c o r t e xt 1 0 0 x J .
Genita[ia
Glandula
suprarenalis
Glandula
suprarenalis
V cavainferior
V renalis
Ren
M. psoasmaior
Ren
Ureter
Ureter
Promontorium
M. psoasmajor
Epididymis
Testis
Urachus
A. umbilicalis
A umbilicalis
Vesicaurinaria
F i g . 1 0 8 6 K i d n e yR
, e n[ N e p h r o s la, n d
, t a n d u t as u p r a r e n a t i s ,
t h e s u p r a r e n agl .L a n dG
o f a - 5 - m o n t h - o t df o e t u s
F i g . 1 0 8 7 K i d n e yR
, e nl N e p h r o s l ;
dorsaIview.
T h e l o w e rp o t e so f b o t h k i d n e y sa r e f u s e d
( = h o r s e s h o ek i d n e v ) .
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
Renalpelvisand calyces
F i g . 1 0 8 8a , b
R e n a Lp e L v i sP, e t v i sr e n a t i s ;
enrrncinn e:ctc.
v e n t r a Iv i e w I L e f t ]
a D e n d r i t i ct y p e
b A m p u l t a rt y p e
Vertebra
thoracicaXll
Papilla
renalis
Colon
ascendens
Pelvis
renalis
Calyx renalis
malor
Calyxrenalis
mtnor
Papilla
renails
Rensinister,
Extremitas
inferior
Colon
descendens
M psoas
maJor
r e n a Lp e L v i sP, e [ v i sr e n a t i sa, n d u r e t e r ,U r e t e r ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r r e t r o g r a d ei n j e c t i o no f a
c o n t r a s tm e d i u mv i a b o t h u r e t e r s
GenitaIia
Segmentum
superius
Segmentum
anterius
supeflus
A. renalis
V-renalis
Segmentum
anteriusinferius
Segmentum
inferius
F i g .1 0 9 0a , b R e n asl e g m e n t s ,
S e g m e n trae n a [ i a .
Truncuscoeliacus
a VentraIview Irightl
b D o r s a Iv i e w ( r i g h t l
A. mesenterica
suoerior
V suprarenalis
sinistra
V. cava inferior
A renalissinistra
A renalis
dextra
V. renalis
sinistra
V renalis
dextra
Uretersinister
V testicularis/ovarica
sinistra
Ureterdexter
V. testicularis/ovarica
dextra
F i g . 1 0 9 1 K i d n e yR, e n ;
areasof contactwith adjacentorgans;
ventraIview.
Areasof contactof the kidneys
I
I
I
Glandulaesuprarenales
Hepar
Duodenum,
Parsdescendens
il
I
Colon,Flexuradextra
SplenILienl
Jejunum
Pancreas
Gaster
Colondescendens
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
[-.$nirientrr
b[ndder
Kidney,imaging
Ben, Facies anterior
lvledullarenalis,Pyramis renalis
Pelvis renalis
Extremitas
superior
Diaphragma
Extremitasinferior
l\4 psoasmajor
pararenale
Corpusadiposum
Cortex renalis
Ren, Facies posterior
F i g . 1 0 9 2 K i d n e yR
, e n[ N e p h r o s J ;
u t t r a s o u n idm a g e ;
t h e t r a n s d u c e ri s d i r e c t e df r o m v e n t r o i n f e r i ot ro d o r s o s u p e r i o r ;
Lateratview
Iright).
* A b d o m i nw
a La [ [
Hepar, Lobus dexter
V cava inferior
Cutis
Pars abdominalis
aortae
Ren
V renalisdextra
abdominales
Corpus vertebrae
Ben, Capsula adiposa
Fascia renalis
Proc spinosus
Costa Xll
p u n c t u r eo f t h e r i g h t k i d n e y ;
computed
t o m o g r a p h iccr o s s - s e c t i oI C
n T];
* G u i d a n coef a n e e d tfeo r k i d n e b
yiopsy
GenitaIia
Suprarenalgland
A. phrenicainferior
Aa suprarenales
mediae
A. suprarenalis
inferior
A. renalis
Aorta
abdominalis
Faciesanterior
b - 260/o
a - 34o/o
V.suprarenalis
sinistra
c -33%
F i g .1 0 9 4 S u p r a r e ngatIa n o ,
G [ a n d u [sau p r a r e n a l i s ;
v e n t r avI i e wI r i g h t ) .
d
F i g . 1 0 9 5a - d V a r i a b i t i toyf t h e s u p r a r e n aaI r t e r i e s A
, a .s u p r a r e n a [ e s ,
a n d c o u r s eo f t h e s u p r a r e n avt e i n s ,V v .s u p r a r e n a [ e s .
a ArteriaI supptyby three arteries ("textbookcase"]
b Arterial supplywithout a branchfrom the renaI artery,A. renatis
c A r t e r i a ls u p p l yw i t h o u ta d i r e c tb r a n c hf r o m t h e a o r t a ,A o r t a
d Courseof the suprarenalveins,Vv.suprarenates
V centralis
F i g . 1 0 9 6 S u p r a r e n agI t a n d ,G [ a n d u t as u p r a r e n a t i s ;
crditf2l
confinn.
t a t e r avl i. e wl r i g h t ) .
F i g . 1 0 9 7 S u p r a r e n agI t a n d ,G l a n d u [ as u p r a r e n a l i s ;
m i c r o s c o p i ec n [ a r g e m e nat t l o w m a g n i f i c a t i o n .
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
Urinarybladder
Lig umbilicalemedianum
Apex vesicae
Tunicamuscularis
Tunicamucosa
(Plicaemucosae)
Trigonum
vesicae
internum
Ostiumurethrae
Uvula vesicae
Prostata
Cristaurethralis
I
Urethramasculina,
J
Parsprostatica
I Sinusprostaticus
seminalis
\ Colliculus
prostaticus
Utriculus
Ductusdeferentes,
Ductusejaculatorii
Ductuliprostatici
F i g . 1 0 9 8 U r i n a r yb t a d d e rV
, e s i c au r i n a r i a ;
p r o s t a t eP
, r o s t a t aa, n d u r e t h r a ,U r e t h r a ;
venlratvtew.
Peritoneum
parietale
Vesica
unnana
Peritoneum
parietale
Vesica
unnafla
Excavatio
rectovesicalis
Symphysis
pubrca
Excavatio
rectovesicalis
Prostata
, e s i c au r i n a r i a ,
a [ m o s tc o m p l e t e Lvyo i d e d
, e s i c au r i n a r i a f, i I t e d .
I n t h i s s i t u a t i o nt,h e b t a d d e rc a n b e p u n c t u r e df r o m
j u s t a b o v et h e p u b i cb o n ew i t h o u tp a s s i n gt h r o u g ht h e
peritoneaIcavity.
* P u n c t u rnee e d [ e
Genita[ia
Urinarybladder,ductusdeferensandseminalvesicle
Apex vesicae
Corpusvesicae,
Tunicamuscularis
Ductusdeferens
AmDullaductus deferentis
Ampullaductusdeferentis,
Diverticula
ampullae
Glandula
vesiculosa
Glandula vesiculosa
Prostata. Facies Dosterior
F i 9 . 1 1 0 1 U r i n a r yb t a d d e rV
, e s i c au r i n a r i a d
; u c t u sd e f e r e n t e s ,
D u c t u sd e f e r e n t e ss;e m i n a Iv e s i c L e sG, L a n d u t avee s i c u L o s a e ,
and prostate,Prostata;
vestcae
Plica
interureterica
Corpus
vesrcae
Plica
interureterica
Ostium
ureteris
Ostium
ureteris
Trigonum
vestcae
Trigonum
vestcae
F i 9 . 1 1 0 2a , b U r i n a r yb t a d d e rV
e n d o s c o p ivci e wo f t h e o p e n i n go f t h e u r e t e r
IcystoscopyJ.
a O p e no s t i u mo f t h e u r e t e rw i t h a p e r i s t a t t i c
w a v et r a n s p o r t r n u
g r i n ei n t o t h e b l a d d e r
b C l o s e do s t i u mo f t h e u r e t e r
e n d o s c o p ivci e wo f t h e m u c o s ai n t h e b o d yo f
t h e b L a d d eIrc y s t o s c o p;y l
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar ybl adder
Maleurinaryandgenitalorgans,overview
Pelvis renalis
(lnfundibulum
ductusparamesonephrici)**
Epididymis
Testislorchisl
(Paradidymis)
-i
Ductusmesoneohricus*
testis
Gubernaculum
DuctusDaramesoneohricus**
Ureier
Urachus
Ductusdeferens
Vesicaurinaria
Glandula
vesiculosa
prostaticus
Ulriculus
Ductusejaculatorius
Corpora cavernosa penis
Glandula
bulbourethralis
Ductusglandulae
bulbourethralis
penis
Corpusspongiosum
(Paradidymis)
Caput epididymidis
Glanspenis
(Ductulus
aberransinferior)
Appendix
testis
Testis[Orchis]
Cauda epididymidis
F i g . 1 1 0 4 M a t eu r i n a r ya n d g e n i t a L
organs;
0 r g a n au r o g e n i t a I i m
a ascutina;
d i a g r a mo f t h e d e v e l o p m e n t h
: e p a r t st h a t d e g e n e r a t e
are
d i s p L a y eidn p a t ep i n k ,a n d t h e p o s i t i o no f t h e t e s t i sp r i o r t o i t s
d e s c e n ti s i n d i c a t e db y t h e d a s h e d[ i n e ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i g h t
E p i d i d y m i s = g e n i t a Ip a r t o f t h e m e s o n e p h r o s ;
Paradidymi=
s r e m n a n t so f t u b u l e so f t h e m e s o n e p h r o s
'
W o L F F i a nd u c t
* * M U L L E R i a nd u c t
+ * * J u n c t i o n o f t h e M U L L E R i adnu c t s .
Ductus oaramesoneohric
F e m a t eg e n i t a t i a
Fascia cremasterica;
M cremaster
Fascia spermaticainterna
Tunica vaginalistestis,
Lamina parietalis
Caput
epididymidis
testis
Appendix
Lig epididymidis
supenus
Funiculus
spermaticus
(Appendix
epididymidis)
Extremitas
supenor
Sinus
epididymidis
testis
lvlediastinum
Facies lateralis
Margo
POSteriOr
Lig epididymidis
inferius
Cauda epididymidis
inferior
Extremitas
F i 9 .1 1 0 5 T e s t i sT, e s t i [s0 r c h i s ]a, n d
e p i d i d y m iEs p
, ididymis;
f r o mt h er i g h t
viewed
F i 9 . 1 1 0 6 T e s t i sT, e s t i s[ 0 r c h i s ]a,n d
e p i d i d y m iEs p
, ididymis;
f r o mt h er i g h t .
viewed
A ; V testicularis
Plexuspampiniformis
Caputepididymidis
Fig.11O7 BLoodvessetsof the testis,Testis'
t h e e p i d i d y m i sE, p i d i d y m i sa,n d t h e s p e r m a t i cc o r d ,
Funicutusoermaticus;
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar ybl adder
Testisand epididymis
Plexuspampiniformis
A testicularis
Ductuliefferentestestis
Caputepididymidis
Tunica albuginea
Ductusdeferens
Lobulitestis
Corpusepididymidis
Septulatestis
(Ductulus
abetransinferior)
Cauda epididymidis
F i 9 .1 1 0 8 T e s t i sT, e s t i se; p i d i d y m iEs p
, ididymis,
a n dd u c t u sd e f e r e nlsv a sd e f e r e n sD) ,u c t u sd e f e r e n s ;
[ateraIview.
Septumscroti
Raphe scroti
Lamina visceralist
Tunica vaginalistestis
Lobulitestis
Lamina parietalis**
Fascia spermaticainterna
M cremaster
Septulatestis
Fasciacremasterica
Fasciaspermatica
externa
(Cavumserosumscroti)
Tunicadartos
Mediastinum
testis
Tunicadartos
Sinus epididymidis
Corpusepididymidis
Corpus epididymidis
Ductusdeferens
Plexuspampiniformis
Ductusdeferens
A testicularis
F i 9 . 1 1 0 9 T e s t i sT, e s t i s e; p i d i d y m i sE, p i d i d y m i s ,
a n d s c r o t u m ,S c r o t u m ;
supeflorvrew.
* A[so:Epiorchium
* * A t s oP
: eriorchium
G en i t a t i a
Femategenitatia
Ductusdeferensandseminalvesicle
Ductusdelerens
Glandula vesiculosa
vesiculosa
Glandula
Amoullaductusdeferentis
Lobusprostataemedius
Lobusorostataedexter
Lobusorostataesinister
Basisprostatae
Urethramasculina
s ,u c t u sd e f e r e n t esse, m i n avIe s i c t e s ,
F i g .111 0 D u c t u sd e f e r e n t eD
G [ a n d u t av e s i c u t o s aaen,dp r o s t a t eP,r o s t a t a ;
supeflorvtew
Ductusdeferens
Glandula vesiculosa
Ampullaductusdeferentis
s ,u c t u s d e f e r e n t e s ,
F i g ,1 1 1 1 D u c t u sd e f e r e n t eD
a n ds e m i n avIe s i c l e sG, t a n d u l avee s i c u t o s a e ;
t e d i u mv t a
A P - r a d i o g r aapfht e ri n j e c t i oonf a c o n t r a sm
t h ee j a c u t a t odr yu c t s ;
ventraIview.
Fundus vesicae
T h o u g ht h i s t e c h n i q u ed e m o n s t r a t e s i z ea n d p o s i t i o n
u n d e rc l i n i c a l
o f t h e s e m i n a lv e s i c l e si,t i s n o m o r e a p p L i e d
c i r c um s t an c e s .
Ductusdeferens
Ostiumureteris
vesiculosa
Glandula
Trigonumvesicae
internum
Ostiumurethrae
Urethramasculina.Parsorostatica
Prostata
Parsintermedia
Urethramasculina,
Imembranacea]
Cervix vesicae
Prostata
Ductuseiaculatorius
, rostata;
, e s i c au r i n a r i a ;p r o s t a t eP
vesicutosa;
, tanduta
d u c t u sd e f e r e n s( v a sd e f e r e n s JD, u c t u sd e f e r e n sa, n d s e m i n a Iv e s i c [ eG
v i e w e df r o m t h e r i q h t .
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U r i n a r yb t a d d e r
UrinarybLadder
andmalegenitalia
Vesicaurinaria
Peritoneumparietale
Chorda arleriae umbilicalis
A ; V epigastricainferior
A iliaca externa
Ductusdeferens
V iliaca externa
Lig inguinale
Ductus delerens
Ureter
Os pubis,Ramussuperior
Excavatio rectovesicalis
Glandula vesiculosa
Glandula
vesiculosa
Ductusexcretorius
Ductusejaculatorius
Fundus vesicae
Prostata
Os oubis,Bamusinferior
Urethra,Parsintermedia
Imembranacea]
Cruspenis
Glandula
bulbourethralis
Bulbuspenis
Corporacavernosapenis
penis
Corpusspongiosum
Corona glandis
Glanspenis
F i g , 1 1 1 3 U r i n a r yb t a d d e rV
, e s i c au r i n a r i a ;d u c t u sd e f e r e n t e s ,
D u c t u sd e f e r e n t e ss;e m i n a Iv e s i c t e sG
, l . a n d u t avee s i c u t o s a e ;
p r o s t a t eP
, r o s t a t aa, n d m a [ eu r e t h r a ,U r e t h r am a s c u u n a :
dorsaIview.
Genitalia
Femategenital.ia
\/
SDina iliaca anteriorsuoerior
Penis,Dorsum
penis
Preputium
Glanspenis
F i g . 1 1 1 1 , M a t ee x t e r n a g
I e n i t a l i a0, r g a n ag e n i t a l i a
m a s c u t i n ae x t e r n a .
A ductusdeferentisa
a Plexus deferentialis
Ductusdeferens
a N genitofemoralis,
R genitalis
penis
Corpuscavernosum
Vasalymphatica
Tunicaalbuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
a A testicularis
Plexuspampiniformis
a
o Plexustesticularis
Fasciaspermaticainterna
Fasciapenis(prolunda)
M. cremaster
a Fasciacremasterica;
W pudendae
externaea
a Fasciaspermaticaexterna
a Tunicadartos
penis
Corpusspongiosum
F i g .1 1 1 5 S p e r m a t i cc o r d ,F u n i c u L ussp e r m a t i c u s ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n ;
v e n t r a Iv i e w I L e f t2, 5 0 % 1 .
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneal
space
Maleurethra
(Plicae mucosae)
Fundusvesicae
Plica interureterica
Trigonum
vesicae
Ostiumureteris
Uvulavesicae
Pars
intramuralis
Pars
prostatica
Pars
intermedia
Imembranacea]
Ostiumurethrae
internum
Colliculus
prostaticus
seminalis;
Utriculus
Ductusejaculatorii
Ductuliprostatici
Cristaurethralis
Glandula
bulbourethralis,
Ductusglandulae
bulbourethralis
Bulbuspenis
Cruspenis
Ductusglandulae
bulbourethralis
Tunicaalbuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
Urethra
masculina
Corpusspongiosum
penis
Trabeculaecorporumcavernosorum
A profundapenis
Pars
spongrosa
Aa helicinae
Cavernaecorporumcavernosorum
Lacunaeurethrales
Corona glandis
(Valvula
tossaenavicularis)
Glanspenis
penis
Preputium
Fossa navicularisurethrae
Ostiumurethrae
externum
F i g . 1 1 1 6 U r r n a r yb [ a d d e rV
p r o s t a t eP
, r o s t a t aa, n d m a l e u r e t h r a ,U r e t h r am a s c u L i n a ;
ventraIview.
Femategenital.ia
V.dorsalis
profunda
penis
V.dorsalis
penis
superficialis
A dorsalispenis
penis
A profunda
Fascia penis
(profunda)
Glanspenis,
Coronaglandis
Preputium
penrs
Tunica
albuginea
corpons
spongrosl
Cutis
Tunicaalbuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
Corpus
cavernosum
penrs
Tunica
albuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
Septumpenis
Fascia penis
(profunda)
Corpusspongiosum
penrs
Urethra
Pars
masculina,
spongrosa
A urelhralis
Septumpenis
a
Glanspenis;
Corpus
spongrosum
penis,Cavernae
corpoflsspongrosl
penis
Preputium
Urethramasculina,
Fossanavicularis
urethrae
Corpus
cavernosum
penis,Cavernae
corpons
cavernosl
Septumglandis
Urethra
masculrna
penis
Corpusspongiosum
preputii
Frenulum
d
c
F i g .1 1 1 7a - d P e n i s P
, enis;
c r o s s - s e c t i o n sp;L a n e si n d i c a t e di n F i g .1118 ;
venlraLvtew.
a C r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e m i d d t eo f t h e s h a f t
l artof the
b C r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e L e v eol f t h e p r o x i m a p
g t a n sp e n i s
c C r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e m i d d t eo f t h e g t a n sp e n i s
d C r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e l e v e Io f t h e d i s t a Ip a r t o f t h e g [ a n sp e n i s
externum
Ostiumurethrae
Fascia penis (profunda)
Fascia penis (superficialis)
penis
Preputium
preputii
Frenulum
, t a n sp e n i s ,
, e n i sw
F i g .1 1 1 8 P e n i s P
, i t h g t a n sp e n i s G
, r e p u t i u mp e n i s .
a n d p r e p u c eP
*
L e v e lo f s e c t i o no f F i g . 1117 a
+ + L e v e lo f s e c t i o no f F i g . 1117 b
* * + L e v e lo f s e c t i o no f F i g . 1 1 1 7 c
* * * * L e v e lo f s e c t i o no f F i g 111 7 d
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneal
space
U r i nar vbtadder
Femaleurinaryandgenitalorgans,overvtew
Pelvis renalis
Ovarium
Epoophoron Ductuslongitudinalis,
Ductulitransversi
Ductusmesonephricus*
1t
:ut,
Paroophoron
..
..
Lrg Ovarllproprlum
Tuba uterina [Salpinx]
Epoophoron
"\7
Vesicaurinaria
Infundibulum
tubaeuterinae
Urachus
Appendix vesiculosa
Ovarium
Lrg ovanr propflum
Lig teresuteri
Ductusmesonephricus*
Urethrafeminina
Glans clitoridis
Oslium urethraeexternum
Crusclitoridis
Ostium vaginae
Bulbusvestibuli
F i g .1 1 1 9 F e m a t eu r i n a r ya n d g e n i t aoLr g a n s ,
O r g a n au r o g e n i t a L fi e
aminina;
d i a g r a mo f t h e d e v e t o p m e ntth: e p a r t st h a t d e g e n e r a t a
ere
d i s p L a y eidn p a t ep i n k ,a n d t h e p o s i t i o no f t h e o v a r yp r i o r t o i t s
d e s c e n ti s i n d i c a t e db y t h e d a s h e dI i n e ;
ventraIview.
Glandulae
vestibulares
majores***
E p o o p h o r o n= g e n i t a Lp a r t o f t h e m e s o n e p h r o s ;
P a r o o p h o r o n= r e m n a n t so f t h e t u b u t e so f t h e m e s o n e p h r o s
*
W 0 L F F i a nd u c t
* * N 4 U L L E R Tdaunc t
* * x B A R T H 0 L I N 'gst a n d s
Femalegenitatia
Fimbriaovarica
Ovarium,Extremitas
tubaria
Amoullatubaeuterinae
Margomesovaricus
Ostiumabdominale
tubaeuterinae;
Infundibulum
tubae
uterinae
Mesosalpinx
A; Vv ovarica(e)
lsthmustubae
uterinae
Fundusuteri
Fimbriae
tubaeuterinae
Appendix
vesiculosa
Ovarium. Facies medialis
Ovarium
Lig suspensoriumovarii
A.; Vv ovarica(e)
Extremitasuterina
Lig.ovariiproprium
Ovarium,Margoliber
Ureter
Lig latumuteri
Corpusuteri,
Faciesintestinalis
lsthmusuteri
cervicis
Portiosupravaginalis
[il. rectouterinus**
Plicarectouterina
Excavatiorectouterina;
TunicaserosaIPerimetrium]
* C t i n i c atIe r m : c a r d i n a[[i g a m e n t
+ +C t i n i c a It e r m : s a c r o u t e r i n e[ i q a m e n t
F i 1 . 1 1 2 0 U t e r u sU, t e r u s ;
o v a r y , O v aarn, du t e r i n et u b e T
, u b au t e r i n a ;
dorsatview.
Lig ovariiproprium
Stromaovarii
lsthmustubaeuterinae
Fundusuteri
Mesosalpinx
Ductuslongitudinalis
Amoullatubaeuterinae
Ductulitransversi
Tubauterina
lSalpinxl
Plicaetubariae
Lig.teres
uteri***
Lig ovarii
propflum
lnfundibulum
tubaeuterinae;
Fimbriae
tubae
uterinae
Tunicaserosa
IPerimetrium]
Cavitasuteri;Tunica
mucosaIEndometrium]
Tunicamuscularis
IMyometrium]
Appendixvesiculosa
Fimbriaovarica
Corpusalbicans
Vv ovaricae;A ovarica
ovarici vesiculosi*
Corpus luteum
Canalisceruicis
uteri,
Plicaepalmatae
Portiovaginaliscervicis
Ostiumuteri
Lig latumuteri
Parsuterina; \Ostiumuterinum,l " ^ . . . ^ . , - ^
Corpusuteri
lsthmusuteri
Portiosupravaginalis
ceruicis
Rugae vaginales
Fi1.1121 Uterus,Uterus;
o v a r y , O v aarn, du t e r i n et u b e T
dorsalview.
* C t i n i c a tI e r m : G R l A F i afno t [ i c [ e
* * S t a t k e dh y d a t i d
* * * C t i n i c a l t e r mr:o u n d[ i g a m e n t
Appendix
vesiculosa**
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneal
space
Urinaryhi.aelder
]varies and uterus
Folliculiovarici primarii
Fi1.1122 Ovary,Ovar;
m i c r o s c o p iecn t a r g e m e natt l o w m a g n i f i c a t i o n
Facies intestinalis
/
Cavitas uteri
lsthmusuteri
Canalis ceruicisuteri
Fundusuteri
TunicamucosaIEndometrium]
Fornixvaginae,Parsposterior
Tunicamuscularis
lVyometriuml
Peritoneum
urogenitale
TunicaserosaIPerimetrium]
Facies vesicalis
Peritoneumurogenitale,Excavatiovesicouterina
Portio supravaginalisceruicis
Fornixvaginae, Pars anterior
Excavatiorectouterina
Labiumposterius
Ostiumuteri
Labiumanterius
Vagina
F i 1 . 1 1 2 3 U t e r u sU, t e r u sa, n dv a g i n aV, a g i n a ;
viewed
f r o mt h er i q h t .
Stratum
functionale
endometriale
Stratum basale
endometriale
Tunica
muscularis
F i g . 1 1 2 1 M u c o s ao f t h e u t e r u s ,U t e r u s ;
e a r l yp h a s eo f p r o t i f e r a t i o n
F i 1 , 1 1 2 5 M u c o s oa f t h eu t e r u sU
, terus;
L a t ep h a s eo f p r o L i f e r a t iwoint he x c r e t o rgy[ a n d s
Femategenitalia
, agina;
F i g . 1 1 2 6 U t e r u s ,U t e r u s ,a n d v a g i n aV
, n dt h e
n o r m a Ia n g t e sb e t w e e nt h e v a g i n at,h e c e r v i x a
b o d yo f u t e r u s ;
* L o n g i t u d i naaxIi so f t h ev a g i n a
** LongitudinaI
axisof thecervixof uterus
*** LongitudinaI
axisof the bodyof uterus
A n g t eb e t w e e nv a g i n aa n d c e r v i xo f u t e r u s= v e r s i o n
A n g [ eb e t w e e nc e r v i xa n d b o d yo f u t e r u s= f l e x i o n
f the uterus:
N o r m a It o p o g r a p h i c a I s i t u a t i o n
a n t e v e r s i o na,n t e fl e x i o n
R e t a t i o nt o t h e m e d i a np t a n e= p o s i t i o n
Fundus
uteri
Fig.1127 a-c Uterus,Uterus,and vagina,Vagrna
a A n t e v e r s i o na,n t e f t e x i o=n n o r m a Ip o s i t i o n
b A n t e v e r s i o nb,u t n o a n t e f t e x i o n
c Retroversion,retrofLexion
tubae
Ostiumuterinum
uterinae
Tubauterina
ISalpinx]
Cavitasuteri
Ampullatubae
uterinae
Canaliscervicis
uteri
F i 1 , 1 1 2 8 U t e r u sU, t e r u sa, n du t e r i n e
t u b eT
A P - r a d i o g r aapfht e ri n j e c t i oonf t o c o n t r a sm
t e d i u mi n t ot h e
c e r v i xo f u t e r u sI h y s t e r o s a I p i n g o g r a p h y l ;
u t e r u si n d e x t r o p o s i t i o n ;
ventraL
view.
T h i sf o r m e r l yc t i n i c a [ Layp p t i e dt e c h n i q u ea t l o w st o d e t e r m i n e
t h e p o s i t i o no f t h e o r g a n sa n d t h e p a t e n c yo f t h e t u b e s .
K = t u b e a d a p t o rf o r i n j e c t i o no f t h e c o n t r a s tm e d i u m
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U r i nar ybl adder
Arteriesof the femaleinternalqenitalia
Lig ovariiproprium
A uterina,R tubarius
Lig teresuteri*
Ovarium
A uterina,R ovaricus
Fundusuteri
A ovarica
A ovarica
Llg suspensoflum
ovanl
Appendix
vesiculosa
Corpusuteri
Ostiumabdominale
tubaeuterinae;
lnfundibulum
tubae
uterinae
Ovarium
Lig teresuteri*
Rr helicini
A uterina
A uterina
Rr vaginales
Cervix uteri
A vaginalis
A vaginalis
F i g . 1 1 2 9 A r t e r i e so f t h e f e m a L ei n t e r n a Ig e n i t a l i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a L ifae m i n i n ai n t e r n a ;
dorsaLview.
+ C [ i n i c at eI r m :r o u n d[ i o a m e n t
Tubauterina
Lrg suspensonum
ovafll
R tubarius
Fundus
uteri
(R fundi
uteri)
R ovaricus
Lig,ovariiproprium
Rr helicini
A uterina
R vaginalis
> 90%
F i g . 1 1 3 0a - f V a r i b i l . i toyf t h e a r t e r i a Is u p p t yo f t h e
f e m a [ ei n t e r n a Ig e n i t a l i a ;
dorsaLview.
a
S u p p l .oy f t h e u t e r u s ,U t e r u s[ " t e x t b o o kc a s e " ]
b , c , d S u p p t yo f t h e o v a r i e sO
, v a r i aI b , " t e x t b o o kc a s e ]
€,f
S u p p t yo f t h e f u n d u so f u t e r u s ,F u n d u su t e r i
I e . " t e x t b o o kc a s e " ]
Femalegenitatia
Articulatio
sacroiliaca
(Spatiumretrorectale)
(Spatiumpararectale)*
Rectum
Lig rectouterinum
Lig.cardinale
cervicis]**
ILig.transversum
Ceruixuteri
vesicouterina
Excavatio
(Spatium
paravesicale)***
Ureter
Vesicaurinaria
Spatiumretropubicum
Ostiumureteris
internum
Ostiumurethrae
pubica
Symphysis
F i g . 1 1 3 1 U t e r u s ,U t e r u s ;
u t e r i n eL i g a m e n tasn d c o n n e c t i v tei s s u es p a c e s ;
s e m i - s c h e m a t itcr a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e
L e v eoLf t h e c e r v i xo f u t e r u s :
s u o e n o rv t e w
* C [ i n i c atIe r m : P a r a p r o c t i u m
* + C L i n i c at eI r m : P a r a m e t r i u m
l e x i s t e n c eo f t h i s s t r u c t u r ei s c o n t r o v e r s i a I l
* * * C l i n i c atLe r m : P a r a c y s t i u m
Cervixuteri
Portio
vaginalis
cervtcts
raoium
I anlenus
usilum ]
ulefl
I
Labium
postenus
Portio
vaginalis
cervrcts
I l"uiu.
ostiumI anlerlus
ulerrl Labium
I poslenus
Rugae
vagrnares
I o r t i o no f t h e c e r v i xo f u t e r u s ,P o r t i o
F i g . 1 1 3 2a , b V a g i n a p
v a g i n a l i sc e r v i c i s .
s oman
a Photograph
o f t h e c e r v i xo f a y o u n gn u l t i p a r o u w
b Photograph
o f t h e c e r v i xo f a y o u n gw o m a nw h o h a s g i v e n
b i r t ht o t w o c h i l d r e n
L o r t i o no f t h e c e r v i xt h e
of thevaginap
F o rt h e i n s p e c t i o n
n o r m a t l ys l i t - t i k ev a g i n ai s s p r e a d e db y m e a n so f a b i v a l v e
s p e c u t u m{ * ) ;
.,:'j:.i .
and retroperitoneaI
space
F u n i c u l uusm b i l i c a l i s
Truncus
Caput
Membrum inferius
F i g . 1 1 3 3 U t e r u s ,U t e r u s w
, ith an embryo;
u t t r a s o u n di m a g et a k e ni n t h e e i g h t hw e e k o f p r e g n a n c y ;
[ a t e r a Iv i e w ( r i q h t l .
T h e e m b r y oi s i m m e r s e di n t h e a m n i o t i cf t u i do f t h e c h or i o ni c
cavity
Caput,Frons
Nasus
Membruminferius
Labiumsuperius
Regiomentalis
Truncus
F i g . 1 1 3 4U t e r u sU, t e r u sw,i t h a f o e t u s ;
uLtrasoun
d a g et a k e ni n t h e 2 8 t hw e e k o f p r e g n a n c y ;
im
L a t e r av Ii e w[ l e f t ] .
U L t r a s o u nedx a m i n a t i o a
n l t o w st h e v i s u a I i z a t i oonf m o v e m e n r s
of the extremitiea
s n d t h e o o e n i n oo f t h e m o u t h
D i g i t il l - V
Palma
Antebrachium
Pollex IDigitusI]
Humerus
F i g .1 1 3 5 H a n d ,M a n u s o, f a f o e t u
s;
u [ t r a s o u n di m a g et a k e ni n t h e 1B t hw e e ko f p r e g n a n c y ;
L a t e r avI i e w
D e t a i [ ss u c ha s f i n q e r sc a n b e o b s e r v e d .
Femalegenitatia
V umbilicalis
Aa umbilicales
Fundusuteri
Colonsigmoideum
Fornix vaginae, Pars posteriol
Placenta
Os coccygis
Fascia
rectovaoinalis
ISepturi'rectovaginale]
Linea alba
CorpusanococcygeumILig
anococcygeuml
Excavatio
vesicouterina
pubica,Discusinterpubicus
Symphysis
Vesicaurinaria
Clitoris,
Corpuscavernosum
clitoridis
M sphincter
aniexternus
Glans clitoridis
perineiprolundus
M transversus
Labium majus pudendi
Urethrafeminina
Labiumminuspudendi
urethrae
M sphincter
F i g .1 1 3 6 U t e r u sU, t e r u sw, i t ha f o e t u s ;
n t h em e d i a np t a n e .
t h ep e l v i sh a sb e e ns e c t i o n ei d
*
M u c o u sp L u gI o f K R I S T E L L Ei nRtIh e c e r v i c a Ic a n a Lo f t h e u t e r u s
* * C [ i n i c atLe r m : p o u c ho f D 0 U G L A S
* * * C [ i n i c atLe r m :v e s i c o v a g i nsael p t u m
* * + *C [ i n i c a tI e r m : c a v eo f R E T Z | u s
Fig.1137 Uterus,Uterus;
p o s i t i o no f t h e f u n d u so f u t e r u sd u r i n gp r e g n a n c y
N u m b e r sr e f e rt o t h e e n d o f t h e r e s p e c t i v e
m o n t ho f p r e g n a n c y[ = 2 8 d a y s ) .
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
Placenta
F i g . 1 1 3 8 a ,b P l a c e n t aP, l a c e n t aa, n d
u m b i t i c acI o r d ,F u n i c u I u su m b i t i c a l i s .
a View of the foetaIsurface
b V i e wo f t h e m a t e r n a Is u r f a c eo f a
p a r t u r i e n tp [ a c e n t a
U r i nar ybtadder
Genitalia
Femategenitalia
tubes
Appendix
vermilormis
Fimbriae
tubae
uterinae
A; V ovarica
Caecum
Lig suspensorium
ovarii*
lnfundibulum
tubaeuterinae
Ampulla tubae
uterinae
Ampullatubae
uterinae
l\4esosalpinx
Ovarium,
Facies medialis
lsthmustubae
uterinae
l\4argo mesovaricus
Lig latumuteri
Lrg ovarii proprium
I id
tarac
' 'tAri
Excavatio
vesicouterina
Uterus, Facies vesicalis
Vesica urinana
genitaLia,
F i g . 1 1 3 9 F e m a [ ei n t e r n a L
e m i n i n ai n t e r n a ;
0 r g a n ag e n i t a L fi a
ventraIview.
* C t i n i c at et r m :i n f u n d i b u [ o p eI Li gvai cm e n t
Colon
sigmoideum
Fimbriae
Tuba
uterina
Ovarium
Ampulla
Lrg ovanl
propflum
Facies
intestinalis
Uterus
Fundus
Fimbriae
tubae
uterinae
Lig teres
uteri
Facies
vesicalis
Ovarium
Fig.I1t0 FemaLe
i n t e r n a Ig e n i t a L i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a I ifae m i n i n ai n t e r n a ;
s u r g i c ae
I x p o s u r ei n a y o u n gw o m a n ;
o v a r i e sd i s p t a c e db o t h m e d i a L Layn d s u p e r i o r l yb y
c o m p r e s s e s[ * Ji n t h e p o u c ho f D 0 U G L A S ;
v e n l r o s u p e f l ovrt e w
** Swab
F i g . ' 1 1 1 1 A b d o m i n aol s t i u mo f t h e u t e r i n et u b e ,
0 s t i u m a b d o m i n a t teu b a eu t e r i n a e ;
s u r g i c a L e x p o s u irnea y o u n gw o m a n ;
t h e p e t v i cc a v i t yi s f i t t e dw i t h s a t i n et o d e m o n s t r a t e
t h ef i m b r i a ;
d o r s o s u p e r i ovri e w .
* P l a s t itcr a yt o s u p p o rt th eu t e r i n teu b e
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar ybtadder
Rectum
Flexura
sacralrs
Tunica
muscularis,
Stratum
longitudinale
M. levator ani
Flexura
anorectalis
lperinealisj
Telasubcutanea,
Panniculus
adiposus
F i g . 1 1 t + 2 R e c t u m ,R e c t u m ;
viewedfrom the Left.
A rectalissuperior
V. iliaca communis
V cava inlerior
V sigmoidea
Tunicamuscularis,
V. sacralis mediana
Plicatransversarecti"*
V. rectalissuperior
Ampullarecti
Ampullarecti
(Spatium
pararectale)
Plexusvenosus
rectalis
M levatorani
Columnae
anales
M sphincter
ani internus
Junctioanorectalis
W rectales
meorae
Sinusanales
A pudenda
interna
Columnae
anales
W rectales
inferiores
Pectenanalis
M. sphincter
aniexternus
F i g . 1 1 1 3 R e c t u m ,R e c t u m ;
b l o o ds u p p [ y t; h e m u c o s aa n d t h e p a r a r e c t a L
a d i p o s et i s s u e sh a v eb e e np a r t t yr e m o v e d ;
o p e n i n g si n t ot h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i ni n p u r p t e .
Noduli lymphoidei
solitarii
M. levator ani
M sphincterani
internus
Valvulaeanales
M. sphincter
ani
externus
Linea
anocutanea
F i 1 . 1 1 1 1 R e c t u m ,R e c t u m ,a n d a n u s ,A n u s ;
ventraL
view
* H a e m o r r h o i dn ao Id e
X * K O H L R A U S C H ,f so [ d
G en i t a l i a
Columnaanalis
Canalisanalis
Sinus analis
F i g . 1 1 4 5 R e c t u m ,R e c t u m ;
e n d o s c o p i icm a g eo f t h e a n a Ic a n a [w i t h s i x e n L a r g e d
n o d e so f t h e c a v e r n o u sr e c t a Ib o d y ,h a e m o r r h o i d s ;
suoeflorvtew.
* Co[onoscope
+*ThreehaemorrhoidaI
nodes
Plicatransversarecti
F i $ . 1 1 1 6 R e c t u mR, e c t u m ;
e n d o s c o pi im
c a g eo f t h er e c t a I a m p u [ILr a
ectoscopy);
i n f e r i ovr i e w .
> Pelvicviscera
U r i nar ybtadder
andretroperitoneaI
space
Arteriesof the rectum
A mesenterica
inferior
A rectalissuperior*
A. sacralis mediana
A. iliaca communis
A. gluteasuperior
A iliaca interna
Canalisobturatorius
A. iliaca externa
Spinaischiadica
A gluteainferior
M obturatorius
internus
A. pudenda interna
Rectum
A obturatoria
M levatorani
A. rectalismedia
A. rectalisinferior
Tuberischiadicum
M. sohincter
ani externus
Fig.11t7 Rectaa
I r t e r i e sA
, a .r e c t a t e s ;
dorsaIview.
* C [ i n i c at eI r m :S U D E c Kp'osi n ltf r o mt h i sp o i not nt h e r ea r e
nof urtheranastomoses
withthesiqmoidarteriesl
GenitaIia
V iliaca
communts
V cava inferior
W sigmoideae
V rectalis
supenor
Colon
sigmoideum
V gluteasuperior
Canalis
obturatorius
V. iliaca interna
V. iliaca externa
Spina ischiadica
V.gluteainferior
V obturatoria
V pudenda interna
M. obturatorius
internus
V rectalismedia
M. levator ani
W rectalesinferiores
Plexusvenosus
rectalis
Tuberischiadicum
ani
M. sphincter
externus
Fig. 1148 RectaIveins,Vv.recta[es;
d i a g r a mw i t h p a r t so f t h e p e l v i sa n d t h e p e t v i c
diaphragm;
dorsaIview.
T h e r ea r e n u m e r o u sc o n n e c t i o nbs e t w e e nt h e v e i n s
d r a i n i n gi n t ot h e h e p a t i cp o r t a Iv e i nI s u p e r i o r
r e c t a Lv e i n Ja n d t h o s ed r a i n i n gi n t ot h e i n f e r i o rv e n a
. h e yf o r m
c a v aI m i d d [ ea n d i n f e r i o rr e c t a tv e i n s l T
t h e p o r t o c a v aaIn a s t o m o s e sw, h i c ha r e o f p a r t i c u t a r
c t i n i c a iIm p o r t a n c e .
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar ybl adder
lnnervation
of the rectum
Plexus coeliacus;Ganglia coeliaca
Truncuscoeliacus
Gangliatruncisympathici
A mesentericainferior
Plexushypogastricus
superior
A iliaca communis
(S 2-S 5)
Radices
anteriores
N hypogastricus
dexter
Plexushypogastricus
inferior
Plexusrectalissuperior
Plexusrectalismedius
Plexusrectalisinferior
M ievator ani
N pudendus
Nn. anales
N4.sphincter
aniexternus
Fig. 111+9 Rectum,Rectum;
s c h e m a t i co v e r v i e wo f t h e i n n e r v a t i o n ;
ventratview.
Green = sympatheticnervoussysiem
Purpte = parasympatheticnervoussystem
Genita!.ia
Rectum,radiography
Os sacrum
Colonsigmoideum
, a m u si n f e r i o r
O s p u b i sR
Ampullarecti
Os coccygis
M gluleusmaximus
Tuberischiadicum
Canalisanalis
T h e t r a n s i t i o n azI o n eb e t w e e nt h e a n u sa n d t h e r e c t u m[ a r r o w l
i s [ o c a t e da t t h e L e v eoI f t h e t i p o f t h e c o c c y x[ t r i a n g t e ) .
T h e a n g L eb e t w e e nt h e a x e so f t h e a n u sa n d t h e r e c t u m[ 4 ]
9 y0 ' a n d d e p e n d su p o nt h e c u r v a t u r eo f t h e
is approximateL
. c a t ei n c m
l e v a t o ra n i m u s c [ e{ p u b o r e c t amLu s c t e )S
F i g .1 1 5 0 R e c t u mR
, ectum;
I a t e r a Lr a d i o g r a p hi n v o L u n t a rcyt o s u r eo f t h e a n u sa f t e rf i L t i n g
w i t h a c o n t r a s tm e d i u mI d e f a e c o g r a p h y l .
Iemoris
Caout
Os sacrum
Femur,Corpustemoris
Colonsigmoideum
Os pubis,Ramusinferior
Os coccygis
Ampulla recti
Tuber ischiadicum
l\il gluteus maximus
, ectum;
F i g .1 1 5 1 R e c t u mR
g ith a contrast
t a t e r a Lr a d i o g r a p ho f t h e d e f a e c a t i oanf t e rf i L t r n w
m e d i u mI d e f a e c o g r a p h y )
I n c o m p a r i s otno F i g 1 1 5 0t,h e a n o r e c t a L t r a n s i t i oznoanI eh a s
[ 4 ] i n c r e a s etdo 1 3 7 od u et o t h e
d e s c e n d eadn dt h e a n g L e
r e L a x a t i oonf t h e c u r v a t u r eo f t h e l e v a t o ra n i m u s c L eA s t h e
, e e t o n g a t i o rne s u L t si n a n u n i m p e d e d
b e n d i n ga c t st i k ea v a L v et h
p r e s s u r eo f t h e f a e c e so n t h e a n a Ic a n a Ll e a d i n gt o d e f a e c a t i o n .
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
Arterial supplyof the kidney
Ren.Extremitassuoerior
,
Vertebralumbalisl, Proc costalis
A arcuata
A. renalis A. interlobaris
Ren,Margomedialis
A. segmenti
A. renalis
Calyxrenalis
Ren, Margo lateralis
Pelvisrenalis
Ureter,Parsabdominalis
Ben,Extremitas
inferior
Crista iliaca
Fig.1152 Kidney,Ren;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r i n t r a v e n o u isn j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s t
m e d i u mw h i c h i s e x c r e t e dv i a t h e k i d n e y st o d e m o n s t r a t e
the renaI petvisand the ureters IintravenouspyeLographyl;
c o n c o m i t a nvti s u a t i z a t i oonf t h e a r t e r i e sb y i n j e c t i o n
o f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u mi n t ot h e r e n a Ia r t e r yt h r o u g h
a c a t h e t e r *i n t r o d u c e di n t ot h e a o r t a( a r t e r i o g r a p h y l .
(A.renalispolarisinferior)
F i g . 1 1 5 3a - d V a r i a t i o n isn t h e a r t e r i a ls u p p t yo f t h e k i d n e y .
a O n er e n a Ia r t e r y ,A . r e n a [ i sw
, i t h a b r a n c ht o t h e s u p e r i o rp o l e
b T w o r e n a Ia r t e r i e st o t h e r e n a Ih r t u m
c T w o r e n a Ia r t e r i e s o
, n e o f w h i c hs u p p l i e st h e s u p e r i o rp o t e
d T w o r e n a ta r t e r i e s o
, n e o f w h i c h s u p p L i etsh e i n f e r i o rp o l e
Genitalia
peritoneaI space,overview
Retro
A , : V p h r e n i cian f e r i oar a Vv hepaticae o
A phrenicaa
inferior
(Facies contacta hepatis)
Glandula
suprarenalis
Gaster,
Hiatus
oesophageus Parscardiaca O aA ; V phrenicainferior
media;
a A suDrarenalis
sinistra
a V suprarenalis
Glandula
suprarenalis
Peritoneum
parietale
OaA;V.renalis
Truncuscoeliacus
a)
a Mm.intercostales
A mesentericaa
supenor
Ren
inferior;a
A suprarenalis
V suprarenalis
dextraO
(A renalis a
accessona)
V cava inferiorO
a a A ; V testicularis
Costa Xl
A;V renalisOa
Ren,
Capsulaadiposa
* N subcostalis
Ureter
a a A.; V lumbalisI
M obliquusexternusa
abdominis
& N. iliohypogastricus
M obliquusinternusa
abdominis
a A. mesenterica
inferior
M transversust
abdominis
* N. ilioinguinalis
V;A testicularis
o a
o M. quadratus
tumoorum
M psoasmajora
Lig iliolumbale
Aa sigmoideae
a
a A colicasinistra
(M psoasminor)a
& N cutaneus
femorislateralis
Aa ;Vv iliacae
a a
communes
a lvl iliacus
/-
I H. remorails,
f . oentto-1
Temorails I
a
ooA;Viliolumbalis,
Rr iliaci
naniratic
$ N femoralis
A;V iliacainternaaa
'' \
o H. remorails N. genitoI
* R. genitalisJ femoralis
Mesocolon sigmoideum
a A iliacainterna
Vesicaurinaria
O A rectalissuperior
inferior
o a A ; V epigastrica
aaA;Vsacralismediana
M. rectus abdominis a
Colonsigmoideum
V renalissinistra
V cava inferior
a
V renalis
dextra
A testicularis
dextra
A testicularis
sinistra
-80%
tructures,
F i 1 . 1 1 5 1 P o s i t i o no f t h e r e t r o p e r i t o n e as L
S i t u sr e t r o o e r i t o n e a t iosf,t h e m a t e .
W h e r e a st h e L e f t e s t i c u L avre i no p e n si n t o t h e l e f t r e n a lv e i n ,
t h e r i g h t t e s t i c u t a vr e i nd r a i n sd i r e c t t yi n t o t h e i n f e r i o rv e n a
c a v a .T h e s a m ea p o t i e st o t h e o v a r i a nv e i n s .
F i g . 1 1 5 5a , b V a r i a b i t i toyf t h e c o u r s eo f t h e t e s t i c u t a r
a r t e r i e sA
, a .t e s t i c u L a r e s .
a "Textbookcase"
, a .t e s t i c u t a r e sb,r a n c ho f f
r r t e r i e sA
b B o t ht e s t i c u t a a
c r a n i a t Ltyo t h e r e n a Iv e i n s ,V v .r e n a t e st;h e r i g h t a r t e r y
passesposteriorto the inferiorvenacava,V.cavainferior,
a n d t h e l e f t a r t e r yp a s s e sa n t e r i o rt o t h e l e f t r e n a Iv e i n ,
V . r e n a t i ss i n i s t r a .
> Pelvicviscera
U r i nar vbtadder
andretroperitoneal
space
Lymphatics
of the retroperitoneal
space
W hepaticae
a
V cava inferiorO
A phrenica a
inferior
Nodi lymphoidei
phrenici inferiores
a A renalis
Truncusintestinalis
a A mesenterica
supenor
Cisterna
chyli
a Parsabdominalis
aonae
Truncuslumbalis
dexter
Nodi lymphoidei
lumbales intermedii
Nodilymphoidei
lumbales
dextri
V cavainferiora
a A iliaca
communrs
Ureter
o V iliaca
communts
Nodi lymphoidei
iliaci interni
Mesocolon
sigmoideum
Colonsigmoideum
Nodi lymphoidei
inguinales
superficiales,Nodi
superolaterales*
A femoralis o
Fascia cribrosa
V femoralis
a
N femoralis l
Nodi lymphoideiinguinales,(Nodi profundi)
a V saphena magna
V saphena magna O
ilioinguinalis
Funiculus
spermaticus
F i g . 1 1 5 5 L y m p hn o d e s ,N o d it y m p h o i d e ai ,n d L y m p h a t i c s ,
V a s al y m p h a t i c ao, f t h e p o s t e r i o a
r b d o m i n aw
I a | .a
[ ndthe
i n g u i n arLe g i o n ;
T h e n u m b e r sX a n d X l l i n d i c a t et h e r e s p e c t i v rei b s .
* C t i n i c at eI r m : h o r i z o n tcahI a i n "d, r a i n i ntgh eL o w earb d o m i n a t w a t l
t h eg l u t e arIe g i o nt h
, ep e r i n e u m
a n dt h ee x t e r n agte n i t a l
GenitaIia
Lymphatics
of theretroperitoneal
radiography
Truncuslumbalis
sinister
Vas lymphaticum
efferens
Noduslymphoideus
icialis
inguinalis
superf
Vasa lymphatica
afferentia
, d l y m p hn o d e s ,
F i g . 1 1 5 7 L y m p h a t i c sV, a s aL y m p h a t i c a n
N o d iL y m p h o i d eo if,t h e i n g u i n a [t ,h e p e L v iacn dt h e
Lumbaregion;
A P - r a d i o g r a pahf t e r b i l a t e r a itn j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s t
m e d i u mi n t o L y m p h a t i cosf t h e f o o t ( t y m p h o g r a p h y ) .
nnd
t hse p o s i t i o a
T h i sf o r m e r t ya p p L i etde c h n i q u vei s u a L i z e
s i z eo f l y m p h a t i c sa n d L y m p hn o d e s .
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U n i n a r yb l a d d e r
Neryesof the retroperitoneal
space
& N vagus[X],Plexusoesophageus
N splanchnicus
major,*
Oesophagus
." Plexus coeliacus
Costa Xll
N subcostalis
,
O Truncuscoeliacus
lumborum
O l\4.quadratus
N iliohypogastricus
*
6 Truncussympathicus
N ilioinguinalis{
* Plexusmesentericus
inferior
Cristailiaca
N genitofemoralis{
,* N temoralis
a M. iliacus
N obturatorius{9
Truncuslumbosacralis
*
& Plexussacralis
F i g . 1 1 5 8 N e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o a
r b d o m i n aw
Lat[,
, t e x u s[ u m b o s a c r a t i sa,n d
t h e L u m b o s a c r apLt e x u s P
t h e a b d o m i n apI a r t o f t h e a u t o n o m o u sn e r v o u ss y s t e m ,
P a r sa b d o m i n a I iasu t o n o m i c a :
ventraLview.
Genitatia
Vessels
and
A Dhrenica
inferioro
N. splanchnicusmajor ''
V cavainferiora
A t V r e n a l i so* a
retroperitoneal
Hiatus oesophageus
superior
a A mesenterica
a Truncuscoeliacus
ascendens
a V lumbalis
lumborum
o l\il quadratus
* N subcostalis
A;VtesticularisOo
* Truncus
sympathicus
a Parsabdominalis
aortae
O A mesenterica
inferior
aaA;Viliaca
communls
a A lumbalislV
I Truncus
lumbosacralis
genitolemoralis ,
a A iliolumbalis,
R iliacus
N ilioinguinalis.
,r, N obturatorius
a A iliolumbalis
M psoasmajora
* Rr musculares
s N ilioinguinalis
N femoralis ,.,
a M transversus
abdominis
& N. cutaneus
femorislateralis
& N genitofemoralis,
R genitalis
aaA;Vcircumflexa
iliumprotunda
Ureter,Parspelvica
Ductusdeferens
A ;V sacralismedianaa a
r bdominal
F i g . 115 9 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o a
watlof the male.
* I n - 1 0 %t h e[ e f tr e n avI e i np a s s epso s t e r i ot or t h ea o r t a .
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U r i nar ybl adder
lnnervation
of the maleaenitalia
F i 9 . 1 1 5 0 M a t eg e n i t a t i a ,
a ascutina;
0 r g a n ag e n i t a L im
d i a g r a md e m o n s t r a t i n tgh e a u t o n o m o u si n n e r v a t i o n
o f t h e [ e f ts i d e ;
ventraIand LateraIview, respective[y.
Green= sympatheticneryoussystem
Purpte= parasympatheticnervoussystem
Medulla spinalis
eflgent nerves
S u r g i c a rI e m o v a o
I f p a r a a o r t i cl y m p hn o d e so r o p e r a t i o n sa t
t h e a b d o m i n aaI o r t aa n d t h e [ a r g ea r t e r i e so f t h e p e t v i sc a n
c a u s ed a m a g et o t h e s y m p a t h e t i n
c e r v e sw i t h t h e c o n s e q u e n c e
o f e j a c u L a t o ri m
y p o t e n c yI l m p o t e n t i ag e n e r a n d i lP. r o s t a t e
o p e r a t i o n si ,n t u r n , m a y d a m a g et h e p a r a s y m p a t h e tfi icb r e s
i n n e r v a t l n tgh e p e n i s ,t h u s [ e a d i n gt o e r e c t i t ei m p o t e n c y
l l m p o t e n t icao e u n d i J .
Piexushypogastricus
superior
Plexustesticularis
A. testicularis
Ductusdeferens
Glandula
vesiculosa
Vesicaurinaria
Prostata
Glandula
bulbourethralis
penis
Corpusspongiosum
N hypogastricus
sinister
penis
Corpuscavernosum
Plexus
deferentialis
Plexusprostaticus
Plexus
hypogastricus
inferior Ganglia pelvica, Radix
Urethramasculina
parasympathica
INn splanchnicipelvici]*
Glanspenis
Plexustesticularis
Plexus deferentialis
l n n e r v a ti o no f th e ma teg e n i ta ti a
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
SacraLpart of
t h es p i n a l
c o r d l S 2- 5 4 l
Thoracicpart
of the
s p i n a Ic o r d
t T 1 0- T 1 2 l
G a n g l . ipae L v i c aR,a d i x
para
parntca
nchnicp
i elviciJ
lNn.
Penis
C o r p u sc a v e T n o s u m
Vasodi[atation
Erection
P [ e x u sm e s e n t e r i c i
s u p e r i o re t i n f e r i o r
J
Testis
Regulatioo
n f b l o o df t o w
T-,,^^,,-
-,,-^^+ki^,,^
Jyt t tPoU ilLu>
.1,
P t e x utse s t i c u L a r i s
J
L u m b a rp a r t
o ft h es p i n a L
c o r dl L 1 - L 2 l
P t e x uhs y p o g a s t r i csuusp e r r o r
J
N hypogastricus
J
P L e x uhsy p o g a s t r i c u s
rnreTror
Somatomotor,
somatosensory
C-^-^l
^^-+ ^{
JOUr dL Pdr I Ul
N pudendus
t h e s p i n a cL o r d
ts2- s4l
N n . s c r o t a l e sp o s t e r i o r e s
N . d o r s a L ipse n i s
Fvnrrlcinn ^f itc flrirl
G L a n d u tbau L b o u rethra[is
D u c t u s( v a s ld e f e r e n s C o n t r a c t i o nt r, a n s p o r to f t h e
s p e r m si n t ot h e u r e t h r a
G L a n d u tvae s i c u L o s a E x p u L s i oonf i t s c o n t e n ti n t o
Prostata
the urethra
I M s p h i n c t evre s i c a e ] C t o s u r eo f t h e u r i n a r y
btadd to preventretrograde
eJacu ron
M i s c h i o c a v e r n o s u s E x p u L s i oonf t h e e j a c u L a t e
M bulbospongiosus outofthe urethraS c r o t a sI k i n
P e n i [ es k i n
G en i t a I i a
lnnervation
Medulla spinalis
F i g . 1 1 6 1 F e m a l eg e n i t a t i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a t i af e m i n i n a .
d i a g r a md e m o n s t r a t i n tgh e a u t o n o m o u si n n e r v a t i o n ;
ventraIview.
c e r v o u ss y s t e m
G r e e n= s y m p a t h e t i n
Purp[e= parasympatheticnervoussystem
* C t i n i c at eLr m :F R A N K E N H A UgSaEnR
g L' si o n
** A[so:erigentnerves
Rr communicantes
R interganglionaris
d ith gangLia.
T h e a u t o n o m i cp t e x u sa r e i n t e r s p e r s e w
T h e h y p o g a s t r iac n d u t e r o v a g i n apLt e x u sc o n t a i nb o t h
s y m p a t h e t i ac n d p a r a s y m p a t h e tfi icb r e s .
Radices
anteflores
(s2-s5)
Plexusovaricus
Gangliatrunci
sympathici
A ovarica
N hypogastricus
Plexushypogastricus
inferior
Plexusuterovaoinalis*
N. sacralis[S1l
N vaginalis
Ganglia pelvica,
Radix parasympathica
lNn. splanchnicipelvicil
Ganglia pelvica,
Radix parasympathica
INn. splanchnicipelvici]**
Plexussacralis
Labiumminuspudendi
N pudendus
Nn.labialesoosteriores
(lntroitus
vaginae)
Innervationof the femalegenitatia
Parasympathetic JCo^ L^ '- ôl L ^Pô-' +L
of the
-^;^-t ^^-n
ts2- s4l
Sympathetic
G a n g t i ap e L v i c aR,a d i x
parasvmpatnIca
I N n .s p t a n c h n i cpi e t v i c i J
J
N n . c a v e r n o sci L i t o r i d i s
T u b au t e r i n a
U t e r us
Vasodi [atation
Vasodi[atation
Vaqi na
CL i i o r i s
Transsudation
Erection
Ovar
Vasoconstriction
T u b au t e r i n a
Uterus
Vagina
C o n t r ac t i o n
TL^-^^;^
^^-+
I rrvrouru Por L
nf tho cninal
P t e x u sm e s e n t e r i c u s
!
supenor
Ptexus
c o r d[ T ' 1-0T 1 2 l
ovancuS
v
P l e x u sr e n a L i s
T-.,^^,,^
I I UilLU5
^.,-^^+hi^,,>yil rPOLr ilLU>
J
L u m b a rp a r t
o ft h es p i n a L
c o r d[ 1 1 - L 2 ]
Somatomotor,
somatosensory
S a c r a Lp a r t
of the
s p i n a Ic o r d
ts2- s4l
P L e x u hs y p o g a s t r i c u s
s up e n 0r
J N hypogastrrcus
P t e x u sh y p o g a s t r i c u s
inferior
J
P l e x u su t e r o v a q i n a L i s
I F R A NK E N H A U S T N ' S
g an gL i o n )
N dorsatis
z cLitoridis
N.pudendus
:r Nn LabiaLes
posteriores
Clitoris
L a b i am a j o r a
M . i s c h i o c a v e r n o s u sC o n t r a c t ino
M buLbospongiosus
U r i nar ybl adder
andretroperitoneaI
space
Pelvicarteries
A iliaca communis
A iliolumbalis
A. sacralislateralis
A iliaca interna
gluteasuperior
M piriformls
A gluteainferior
A iliaca externa
Lig sacrosplnale
A obturatoria
A pudendainterna
A umbilicalis
vesicalis
superior
Lig sacrotuberale
A rectalismedia
A uterina
F i g . 1 1 6 2a - d V a r i a b i L i o
t yf t h e b r a n c h i n gp a t t e r no f t h e i n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r y ,A . i t i a c ai n t e r n a ;
viewedfrom the Left.
a A t [ b r a n c h e sa r i s ef r o m t h e s a m e s t e m .
b T h e i n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r y ,A . i L i a c ai n t e r n a ,d i v i d e si n t ot w o m a j o r b r a n c h e s[ " t e x t b o o kc a s e " J .
c T h e i n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r y ,A . i t i a c ai n t e r n a ,d i v i d e si n t ot h r e e m a j o r b r a n c h e s .
d T h e i n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r y ,A . i L i a c ai n t e r n a ,d i v i d e si n t o m o r e t h a n t h r e e m a j o r b r a n c h e s .
Genitatia
Vessels
andnervesof the pelvicwall
Parsabdominalis
aortaea
A, mesentericainferiora
Plexussacralis,
Truncus
lumbosacralis
A iliacacommunis
sinistraa
V iliacacommunis
O
o A sacralislateralis
A sacralis mediana O
,i N sacralis [S1], R anterior
A iliaca communis dextra a
A iliaca interna a
A iliolumbalisO
a A gluteasuperior
A iliaca externa a
A umbilicalis,Pars oatens a
,, Truncussympathicus,
Gangliasacralia
A obturatoria
a
N obturatorius
N genitofemoralis,
R genitalis
r N sacralis [S2],
B anterior
O A glutea inferior
profundus
, N sacralis [S3],
R anterior
A cremasterica
O
6 Nn anales [rectales]
inferiores
A epigastrica
O
inferior
R pubicusa
R obturatorius
a
Lig sacrospinale
a A pudendainterna
pubica
Symphysis
*, N pudendus
A obturatoria,
R oubicusa
M obturatorius
internusa
O A rectalis media
A vesicalis
interiora
: Plexussacralis
F i g . 1 1 6 3 I n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r y ,A . i I i a c ai n t e r n a ,
, t e x u ss a c r a L i s ;
a n d s a c r a Ip l e x u s P
viewedfrom the left
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar vbtadder
)rgans of the malepeLvis
A ;V sacralis lateralis,Rr spinales O a
N sacralis [S1], R anterior *
Os sacrum
,* N sacralis[S2],R anterior
N lumbalis[L5], R anterior i
V iliaca interna O
parietale
Peritoneum
V iliaca externa a)
A iliaca communis O
a M piriformis
Mesocolon sigmoideum
O M gluteusmaximus
Colon sigmoideum
Rectum,Flexurasacralis
Appendicesomentales [epiploicae]
Ductusdeferens
Vesica
u n n a n aI
funicaserosa
muscularis
I Tunica
\
Articulatio
sacrococcygea
l/ rectusabdominis
O
Os pubis
Ureter
Lig puboprostaticum
Glandula
vesiculosa
Corpus anococcygeum
ILig anococcygeum]
Funiculus
spermaticus
a M levator ani
Ductusdeferens
Corpusanococcygeum
[Lig anococcygeum]
lvl cremasterC
Tunicadartos,M dartosa
Rectum,Flexuraanorectalis
Iperinealis]
Cruspenis
ani externus
a M sphincter
A profundapenisa
l\4 ischiocavernosus 0
perineiprofundus
l\4 transversus
a
perineiprofundus
a I/l transversus
l\4 sphincter
urethraea
Prostata
Glandula
bulbourethralis'
a M bulbospongiosus
F i g . 1 1 6 1 + 0 r g a n so f t h e m a [ ep e L v i s .
* C t i n i c at eI r m :C O W P EgR[ 'asn d
Genitatia
Rectunn
Topography
Sseti0ns
of themalepelvis
a A sacralismediana
a A iliaca interna
Promontorium
Pars abdominalisaortae a
Parspatens
a A umbilicalis,
A mesentericainferiora
superior
a a A ; V.vesicalis
A i l i a c ac o m m u n i sO
V i l i a c ac o m m u n i so
Canalissacralis
O a A ; V rectalissuperior
Ureterdexter
A;VobturatoriaOo
V iliaca externa a
A iliaca externa a \
a V iliaca interna
ki
inferior
a a A.; V vesicalis
Ductusdelerensdexter
a A ductusdeferentis
A ; V c i r c u m f l e xOao
iliumprofunda
a l\4.piriformis
Plicaumbilicalis
lateralis;
A;V epigastricaaa
inferior
Vesicaurinaria
Ductusdeferenssinister
Uretersinister
vesiculosa
Glandula
A vesicalis
superiora
aaA;Vrectalismedia
V dorsalisprofundaa
penrs
inferior
a A vesicalis
o M levatorani
A dorsalispenisa
Plexus venosus vesicalisa
Prostata
a aA ; V rectalisinferior
pudendainterna
ooA;V
' A profunda
Funiculus
penisO
spermaticus
penis
Corpuscavernosum
posteriores
a a A ; V pudendainterna,Rr.scrotales
F i g . 1 1 6 5 B L o o ds u p p l . oy f t h e m a t ep e t v i s
> Pelvicviscera
and retroperitoneaI
space
g t a n dI U r i n a r yb l a d d e r
K i d n e yI S u p r a r e n a
Vesselsof the femalepelvis
a A iliacainterna
o V iliaca interna
V i l i a c ac o m m u n ios
O A sacralismediana
a o A ; V rectalissuoerior
A iliaca communis O
Tunicamuscularis,
rl\
/ Rectum,
.11\/ Stratumlongitudinale
A umbilicalis,Pars patens a
o A uterina
A ; V, ovarica a O
a a A :V rectalismedia
Plicarectouterina
Uretersinister
Tubauterina
Lig teresuteri
OOA;Vuterina
A;V iliacaexternaaa
a a A ;V rectalismedia
Vesicaurinaria
o A vaginalis
Ovarium
sinistrum
o A vesicalisinferior
a M levatorani
A uterina,a
R tubarius
a o A ; V rectalisinferior
o Plexusvenosusvaginalis
B u l b u vs e s t i b uol i
aoA:V
Lig teres uteri
a W vesicales
Fig. 1156 BtoodsuppLyof the fema|.epetvis
oudendainterna
Genitatia
R e ctu m
Topography
S e et i o n s
femalepelvis
Nodi lymphoidei preaortici, aortici laterales et retroaortici
a Pars abdominalisaortae
Nodi lymphoideiiliaci communes
a a A :V sacralismediana
Nodus lymphoideusprecavalis
a A iliolumbalis
a aA : V rectalissuoerior
A;Vovaricaoo
Nodi lymphoideiiliaci interni
Rectum
Noduslymphoideus
iliacusexternus
OoA;V uterina
N genitofemoralis,,
,:
N obturatorius
A ; V i l i a c ae x l e r n aa O
Noduslymphoideus
rectalissuperior
A;V obturatoriaOa
a A vaginalis
Nodi lymphoideiiliaci externi
mediales et laterales
o A pudendainterna
A umbilicalls,Pars occlusa O
a A rectalismedia
A;VepigastricaaO
inferior
Lig sacrospinale
Nodi lymphoidei
pararectales
Chorda arteriae
umbilicalis
Excavatio rectouterina*
Plica rectouterina
Lig teres ul
Anulusfemoralis
oaA;Vrectalismedia
Nodi lymphoideiiliaciexterni obturatorii
a A. umbilicalis,Pars patens
Lig teresuteri
a M levatorani
Uterus,Faciesintestinalis
Aa vesicales
superiores
a
Vesica urinaria
F i 1 . 1 1 6 7 L y m p h a t i c sV, a s aL y m p h a t i c a n
, d l y m p hn o d e s ,
N o d iL y m p h o i d eoi ,f t h e p e t v i cw a t [ o f t h e f e m a l e .
T h eL y m p hn o d e sa r e f r e q u e n t l ym u c h s m a t t e rt h a n i t t u s t r a t e d
. u m o u rc e t l sf r o m t h e u t e r u sc a n
b u t t h e ya r e a l w a y sp r e s e n tT
r e a c ht h e s u p e r f i c i aiIn g u i n a l y m p hn o d e sv i a l y m p h a t i c so f t h e
r o u n dl i g a m e n to f u t e r u s .
* C I i n i c at eI r m :p o u c h
ofD0UGLAS
* * C [ i n i c at eI r m :r o u n dl i g a m e n t
A iliaca
interna
A iliaca
externa
eprgastflca
inferior
obturatoria
Foramen
obturatum
250k
F i g . I 1 6 8a - c V a r i a b i t i toyf t h e o r i g i no f t h e o b t u r a t o ra r t e r y ,A
obturatoria;
mediaLview
a O r i g i nf r o m t h e a n t e r i o rb r a n c ho f t h e i n t e r n a Li L i a ca r t e r y ,
A . i t i a c ai n t e r n a[ " t e x t b o o kc a s e " ]
b O r i g i na s a n i n d e p e n d e nbt r a n c hf r o m t h e i n t e r n a Li I i a c
a r t e r y ,A . i t i a c ai n t e r n a
externa
c 0 r i g i nf r o m t h e e x t e r n a iI I i a ca r t e r y ,A . i L i a c a
0 n L yi n 7 5 %o f t h e c a s e s t, h e o b t u r a t o ra r t e r yo r i g i n a t e sf r o m
t h e t r u n k o f t h e i n t e r n a Ii t i a ca r t e r v .
> Pelvicviscera
and retroperitoneaI
space
g i " andI U r i nar ybLadder
Kidney| $ur pr anenat
Female pelvicdiaphragm
pubica
Symphysis
pubicum
Tuberculum
Lrg pubicuminferius
Urethrafeminina,
Tunicamuscularis
perinei
Lig transversum
lvl transversus
oerineiorofundus
Vagina
Fascia perinei IFascia
investiensperinei superficialisl
Spina iliaca anterior inferior
Spina iliaca
anteriorsuperior
Fossa acetabuli
Crista iliaca
Lig transversum
acetabuli
Os ilium
Fascia perinei
IFascia investiens
perinei superficialisl
Facies lunata
M transversus
perineisuperficialis
M obturatorius
internus
Fascia inferior
diaphragmatispelvis
Tuber ischiadicum
Fascia obturatoria
Fascia obturatoria
Lig sacrotuberale
Fascia inferior
diaphragmatispelvis
M levator ani, l\/l puborectalis
Spina ischiadica
l\4 levator ani, M iliococcygeus
Lt9
M ischiococcygeus[M coccygeus]
sacrotuberale
M sphincterani externus
Centrumperinei
Lig sacrotuberale
Spina iliaca posteriorsuperior
M sphincter
ani externus
Corpus anococcygeumILig anococcygeum]
Ossacrum
F i g .1 1 6 9 P e r i n e am
I u s c L e sM, m . p e r i n e i ,
a n d t h e p e t v i cd i a p h r a g mD
, i a p h r a g m ap e t v i so, f t h e f e m a l e ;
pubicum
Tuberculum
Os coccygis
P r o b ei n t h e p u d e n d acI a n a [I A L C O C Kc 'asn a [ ]
Symphysis pubica
L i n e at e r m i n a l i s
Eminentia iliopubica
M levator ani, l\4 pubococcygeus
Corpusossispubis
I
I!
Fossa acetabuli-1
Canalisobturatorius
Os sacrum
Ligg sacroiliacaanteriora
Ligg sacroiliacainterossea
l\4 levator ani,
M iliococcygeus
(Arcustendineus
musculilevatoris
ani)
l\4 rectococcygeus
M ischiococcygeus
[M coccygeus]
Foramen ischiadicum
maJus
Lig sacrotuberale
Os ilium
Proc articularissuperior
F i g . 1 1 7 0 P e L v idc i a p h r a g mD
, i a p h r a g m ap e t v i so, f t h e f e m a L e ;
s u p e n o rv t e w .
* C t i n i c atIe r m : l e v a t o rh i a t u sI H i a t u su r o q e n i t a t iest a n i l
Genitatia
Female pelvicdiaphragm
A i l i a c ac o m m u n i so
V iliacacommunis
o
A;ViliacainternaaO
Ureter
N obturatorius
a M piriformis
M transversus
a
abdominis
o M. levator ani
M obliquusG
internus
abdominis
M o b l i q u uas
exlernus
abdominis
M iliacus a
V iliaca externa O a
a (M sacrococcygeus)
A ;V circumllexa
a a
iliumprofunda
A ; V epigastrica
inferiorO a
N obturatorius:
Pectenossispubis
A;VobturatoriaOa-'{
M obturatorius
a
Internus
(Arcustendineus
musculilevatoris
ani)
a M rectococcygeus
; V pudendainternaa a
a M levator ani
Clitoris,
Corpusclitoridis
aniexternus
o l\4 sohincter
V dorsalisprofundaa
cliloridis
I M sphincterani internus
M sphincter
urethraea
Ostiumurethrae
externum
Pecten analis
Labiumminuspudendi
Vagina
Centrum perinei
F i g . 1 1 7 1 M u s c t e so f t h e p e L v i dc i a p h r a g m ,
D i a p h r a g m ap e L v i so,f t h e f e m a t e
aniexternus
e M sDhincter
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
Malepelvicdiaphragm
penis
Corpusspongiosum
M bulbospongiosus
Tunicadartos.l\4.dartos
*
Glandula
bulbourethralis
lvl ischiocavernosus
Raphe perinei
perinei
M transversus
profundus
lvl transversus
perineisuperlicialis
Fascia
obturatoria
Tela
subcutanea,
Panniculus
adrposus
Lig sacrotuberale
Fasciaobturatoria
M sphincter
ani externus
l\4 gluteusmaximus
l\4.levator ani
Os coccygis
Corpusanococcygeum
[Lig anococcygeum]
F i g . 1 1 7 2 P e r i n e u mP
, e r i n e u ma, n d
p e L v i dc i a p h r a g mD
, i a p h r a g m ap e l v i s o, f t h e m a t e ;
* C l i n i c at eLr m :c o w P E Rg' st a n d
Genita[ia
Femalepelvicdiaphragm
Preputium
clitoridis
Ostiumurethrae
externum
M gracilis
Glans clitoridis
Ostiumvaginae;
Carunculae
hymenales
Rugae vaginales
Labiumminuspudendi
Glandula
vestibularis
major,(Ostium)*
M. ischiocavernosus
M bulbospongrosus
M bulbospongrosus
Baphe
peflnel
Fasciaperinei
IFasciainvestiens
perineisuperf
icialisl
M. transversus
peflnel
superficialis
Fascia
obturatoria
Fossa ischioanalis
M. sphincter
anrexernus
M, gluteusmaximus
M levatorani
Anus
Mm transversi
et profundus
Os coccygis
F i g . ' l ' 1 7 3 P e r i n e u mP
, e r i n e u mp
; e t v i cd i a p h r a g m ,
D i a p h r a g m ap e t v i sa, n d f e m a [ ee x t e r n a gI e n i t a t i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a l i af e m i n i n ae x r e r n a ;
+ C t i n i c at eI r m :B A R T H 0 L g
t N[ a' sn d
Corpusanococcygeum
ILig.anococcygeum]
T h ev a g i n a a
I n d t h e a n a Io r i f i c e sa r e l o c a t e di n c t o s ep r o x i m i t y .
D u r i n gd e t r v e r tyh e s k i n a n d m u s c l e so f t h e p e r i n e u mc a n
r u p t u r eu p t o t h e s p h i n c t e rm u s c t e so f t h e a n u s i l . - l l l . d e g r e e
p e r i n e a lLa c e r a t i o n sT
l .h e s ec a n b e p r e v e n t e db y s u r g i c a l
i n c i s i o n sd i r e c t e de i t h e r[ a t e r a t [ yo r i n t h e m e d i a np [ a n e
I p e r i n e aiIn c i s i o n= l a t e r a Io r m e d i a I e p i s i o t o m y l .
L J r i n a r vb t m q i d e r
Lig inguinale
pubica
Symphysis
penis
a V dorsalisprofunda
A;N dorsalispenisO{a
Lig pubicuminferius
perinei
Lig transversum
Urethramasculina
Glandula bulbourethralis*
ll l\il,sphincter urethrae
perineiprofundus
M transversus
N
Ductusolandulae
bulbourethralis
A : V b u l b oi e n i so a
perineiprofundus
a M transversus
perineisuperficialis]
FasciaperineiIFasciainvestiens
AiV oerinealisaa
N perinealisi,
Ramus ossis ischii
A:Vpudendainternaaa
N pudendus
a M transversus
peflnel
superficialis
F i g . 1 1 7 1 U r o g e n i t adI i a p h r a g m ,
D i a p h r a g m au r o g e n i t a t eo,f t h e m a [ e ;
* C l i n i c at eI r m :c o w P E Rg' st a n d
pubicum
Tuberculum
Lig pubicum
superius
Lig inguinale
Os pubis,Ramussuperior
pubica
Symphysis
clitoridis
a V dorsalisorofunda
A ; N dorsalisclitoridis
O r:
Lig pubicuminferius
Vagina
perinei
Lig transversum
Os pubis, Ramus inferior
Urethrafeminina
A bulbivestibuli
a
perineiorofundus
C M transversus
Bamus ossis ischli
Fasciaperinei
perinei
IFasciainvestiens
M transversus
a
Tuberischiadicum
peflnel
superficialis
F i g .1 1 7 5 U r o g e n i t adLi a p h r a g m ,
D i a p h r a g m au r o g e n i t a t eo,f t h e f e m a L e ;
- i."
Genitatia
Female externaI genitalia
pubica
Symphysis
pubicum
Tuberculum
Lig.suspensorium
clitoridis
Lig. inguinale
clitoridis
Corouscavernosum
Preputium
clitoridis
Glansclitoridis
Frenulum
clitoridis
Crusclitoridis
Labiumminuspudendi
externum
Ostiumurethrae
Ostiumvaginae;Columnarugarumanterior
hvmenales
Carunculae
Bulbusvestibuli
M. ischiocavernosus
Glandula
vestibularis
maior*,
(Ostium)
M. bulbospongiosus
FasciaperineiIFasciainvestiens
perineisuperficialisl
M transversus
oerineiorotundus
Vestibulum
vagrnae
Tuberischiadicum
labiorum
Frenulum
pudendi
M. transversus
M. sohincter
Parssubcutanea
aniexternus.
Anus
Corpusanococcygeum
ILig.anococcygeum]
Fig. 1176 FemateexternaIgenita[ia,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a t i af e m i n i n ae x t e r n a ;
v e n t r o i n f e r i ovri e w .
+ C [ i n i c at eI r m :B A R T H O LqI N
L a' sn d
Monspubis
labiorum
Commissura
anterior
Preputium
clitoridis
Frenulum
clitoridis
(Ductusparaurethralis)
Ostium
urethrae
externum
Glandula
vestibularis
malor,
(Ostium)
Fossa
vestibuli
vagrnae
Commissura
labiorum
poslenor
Fi1.1177 FemateexternaIgenitatia,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a t i af e m i n i n ae x t e r n a ;
inferiorview.
Commissura
labiorum
anterior
Preputium
clitoridis
Glans
clitoridis
Labiummajuspudendi
Labiummajus
pudendi
Rimapudendi
Labiumminus
pudendi
Labiumminuspudendi
Ostium
vagrnae
Hymen
Frenulum
labiorum
pudendi
Perineum
Perineum,
Raphe
peflnel
Fig. 1178 Fema[eexternaIgenitatia,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a l . ifae m i n i n ae x t e r n a ;
inferiorview.
> Pelvicviscera
U r i nar ybtadder
andretroperitoneaI
space
Malepelvicorgansand retroperitoneal
space
Fossasuoravesicalis
(Chorda arteriae umbilicalis)
(Lig. umbilicalemedianum,
Chorda urachi)
O Plica umbilicalislateralis
(A ; V. epigastrica inferior)
Plicavesicalistransversa
Fossainguinalis
lateralis
o N. femoralis
M. psoasmajorO
a N genitofemoralis
A;V iliacaexternaaa
Ductusdeferens
Nodilympholdei
iliaciexterni
Nodi lymphoidei iliaci externi
O A. umbilicalis,Pars occlusa
N obturatoriuso
Linea terminalis
A;V obturatoriaOO
\
Ductusdeterens
Lig. capitis femoris
Ureter
Ductusdeferens
Glandula
vesiculosa
Amoullaductusdeferentis
M obturatorius
internusa
M obturatorius
externusO
a Plexusvenosusvesicalis;Plexusvenosusprostaticus
Membranaobturatoria
Fossaischioanalis
M. levator ani O
Prostata
Os ischii
A ; V pudendainterna;N. pudendus
OOC
Cruspenis
Cruspenis
Glandula
bulbourethralis
perineiprofundus
M. transversus
a
Bulbuspenis
F i g . 1 1 7 9 P e t v i cd i a p h r a g mD
, i a p h r a g m ap e l v i s ;
p e l v i co r g a n sa n d a n t e r i o ra b d o m i n a I w a [ [ ,
0 r g a n aa b d o m i n i se t p e t v i so, f t h e m a [ e ;
f r o n t a ls e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e h e a do f t h e f e m u r
a n d t h e u r i n a r yb | . a d d eor n t h e L e f t ;
dorsaIview
Genita[ia
space
Femalepelvicorgansandretroperitoneal
Fascia pelvis visceralis
t N. obturatorius
o A obturatoria
M obturatorius
internusO
Vesica urinaria
N pudendus
internusj
o Plexusvenosus
vesicalis
A. pudendainternaa
a M. levatorani
Diaphragma
urogenitale
Crusclitoridis
Glandula vestibularismajor
Bulbus vestibull
O M ischiocavernosus
Ostiumvaginae
Urethrafeminina
Labiumminuspudendi
externum
Ostiumurethrae
p e t v i sa, n d
F i g . 1 1 8 0 P e L v idc i a p h r a g mD
, iaphragma
p e t v i co r g a n s ,O r g a n ap e l v i s o, f t h e f e m a [ e ;
f r o n t a L s e c t i ol onn t h e r i g h t lc o m b i n e w
d i t h a m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
ventraIview.
Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U ni nar bl
y " adder
genitaLia
MaIe external
A dorsalis penis a
penis
Lig fundilorme
a V dorsalis profunda penis
superficialis
:t N ilioinguinalis
Funiculus
spermaticus
N genitofemoralis,{
B genitalis
a A cremasterica;
a (V cremasterica)
N dorsalis penis
a o A.; V, pudendaexterna
Plexuspamoiniformis
a
Ductusdeferens
A testicularis
a
anteriores
a Rr scrotales
a V dorsalisprofundapenis
penis
a V dorsalissuperficialis
Fascia penis (profunda)
F i g . 1 1 8 1 M a L ee x t e r n a g
I enitatia,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a t i am a s c u L i neax t e r n a .
Genitalia
Maleexternal
Anulusinguinalis
superficialis,
Crusmediale
Telasubcutanea,
Panniculus
adiposus
Aponeurosis
a M obliquusexternusabdominis,
abdominis
a M obliquusinternus
* N ilioinguinalis
a V dorsalisprofunda
penrs;
oeA;N dorsalispenis
Fascia spermatica exlerna a
Fasciacremasterica;
a
M cremaster
penis
1 A. profunda
Plexus pampiniformisa
penis
Corpuscavernosum
Ductusdeferens
Urethramasculina
A testicularis
a
I
Epididymis
j
caput
penis
Corpusspongiosum
| (APPendix)
Appendix
testis
a Fasciacremasterica;
M cremasler
Tunicavaginalis
testis,
Laminavisceralis
a Fasciaspermaticaexterna
Tunica vaginalistestis,
Lamina parietalis
Fascia sDermaticainterna
a Tunicadartos,M dartos
M cremastera
Fascia spermaticaexterna o
Septumscroti
Raphe scroti
Fig. 1182 MaLegenitaLia
0 r q a n aq e n i t a t i am a s c u L i n a .
> Pelvicviscera
and retroperitonealspace
t l r i n a r yb l a d d e r
Maleperinealregion
perinealis,Rr scrotalesposteriores
A, dorsalispenisa
I M bulbospongiosus
A bulbipenisa
l| l\4 ischiocavernosus
N dorsalis penis ,
a A perinealis
Rr perineales
:
(N cutaneus
femoris
posterior)
I l\4.transversus
peflnel
superficialis
Nnclunium:
inferiores
(N cutaneus
femoris
posterior)
Nn anales:
Irectales]
inferiores
N oerinealis
Lig sacrospinale
O A rectalisinferior
N pudendus,
A pudenda interna O
' Nn.cluniuminferiores
(N cutaneus
femorisposterio0
Lig. sacrotuberale
M gluteusmaximus+t
Corpus anococcygeumILig anococcygeum]
il M levator ani
Nn anococcygei
F i g . 1 1 8 3 V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p e r i n e u m ,
R e g i op e r i n e a L iasn, dt h e m a L ee x t e r n a L g e n i t a L i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a t i am a s c u I i n ae x t e r n a .
i.:liir i:.:rl:i
Genitalia
M bulbospongiosus
I
Ostiumurelhraeexternum
V bulbi O
vestibuli
posteriores
a A pudendainterna,Rr labiales
L a b i u mm i n u sp u d e n d i
Bulbusvestibuli
O M ischiocavernosus
A dorsalis O
clitoridis
A perinealisa
s Nn.labiales
posleflores
N dorsalis ,
clitoridis
A pudenda o
interna
Rr perineales
(N cutaneus
femoris
posterior)
a M transversus
pennel
superficialis
N dorsalis
clitoridis
Nn clunium
interiores
(N cutaneus
lemoris
posterior)
I M gluteus
maxtmus
Nn perineales
OoA;V Pudenda
inlerna
a A. rectalisinlerior
N pudendus
* Nn anales lrectales]inferiores
A pudendainternaa
lvl levatorani a
M sDhincter
aniexternuss
* Nn cluniuminferiores
(N cutaneus
femorisposterio0
t, Nn anococcygei
Corpusanococcygeum
[Lig anococcygeum]
F i g , 1 1 8 4 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p e r i n e u m ,
R e g i op e r i n e a L iasn, dt h e f e m a t ee x t e r n a I g e n i t a I i a ,
0 r g a n ag e n i t a [ i af e m i n i n ae x t e r n a .
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneal
space
N , . J n i n ba tray d d e r
Abdomen,mediansection
Oesophagus
Plexusvenosusa
vertebralis
internus
anterior,
V basivertebralis
Aorta,a
Pars
abdominalis
Hepar,Area nuda
Centrumtendineum
a Diaphragma,
Hepar,Lobussinister
Cor
Sternum,
Corpus
Sternum,Proc xiphoideus
Gaster,Cardia
Fornixgastricus
A gastroduodenalis
O
Pancreas,
Ductuspancreaticus
A mesenterica
superiora
Colontransversum
Pars lumbalis a
diaphragmatis
Lineaalba
V renalis dextra a
A renalisdextra a
JeJUnum
Filum terminale ,,
Omentummajus
Aa jejunales O
Peritoneum
viscerale
V mesentericasuperior a
parietale
Peritoneum
A iliaca communis a
dextra
V iliaca communis O
oexlra
Cauda equina ,
a A jejunalis
Promontorium
Colon sigmoideum
Plica transversa
recti
a M rectusabdominis
Os sacrum
Vesicaurinaria
a l\4 pyramidalis
Glandula
vesiculosa
Ampullarecti
O sp u b i s
Os coccygis
Lig fundiforme penis
Prostata
M sphincterani I
externus
penis
Corpusspongiosum
lvl,sphincter
ani a
internus
penis
Corpuscavernosum
Columnae anales
Tunicaalbuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
M levator ani, t
M pubococcygeus
Septumscroti
l\4 transversusperineia
profundus
penis
Preputium
l\4 ischiocavernosus O
Glans penis
lV bulbospongiosusj
Epididymis
Tunica vaginalistestis, Lamina visceralis
a M cremaster
a Tunicadartos
F i g . 1 1 8 5 A b d o m e nA
, b d o m e n a, n d p e t v i sP
, eLvis,
ofthemate;
Genita[ia
V hepaticasinistraO
Lig falciforme
Recessus
phrenicomediastinalis
Hepar, Lobus sinister
M rectusabdominis
o
diaphragmatis
O Parslumbalis
Parssternalisa
diaphragmatis
a V cavainferior
Gaster
retrocavales
Nodilymphoidei
A hepatica propria O
Caput pancreatis;
Ductus pancreaticus
a V renalisdextra
a A. renalisdextra
Ductus choledochus
lbiliarisl
V portaehepatisO
Omentummajus,
Lig.gastrocolicum
Colontransversum
Omentummajus
Caputpancreatis,
Proc uncinatus
V mesenterica
O
supenor
a M erectorsoinae
a A iliacacommunis
A mesenlerica
a
supenor
a V. iliacacommunis
Lineaalba
Os sacrum
Nodi lymphoideiileocolici
6 N .s a c r a l i[sS 1 ]
Rectum
a M piriformis
M rectus abdominis a
Ductusdeferens
Cavitas perilonealis
vesiculosa
Glandula
Rectum
Vesicaurinaria
a (M sacrococcygeus)
a M gluteusmaximus
Corpusossispubis
Prostata
penis
Lig fundiforme
a lvl levatorani,M. iliococcygeus
(l\4madductores)
O
o M levatorani,M pubococcygeus
Septumpenis
urogenitale)
a (Diaphragma
penis
Corouscavernosum
G l a n sp e n i s
penis
Preputium
A testicularis
a
a M cremaster
Epididymis
o Plexuspampiniformis
, etvis,
F i g .1 1 8 6 A b d o m e nA, b d o m e na, n d p e t v i sP
of the mate;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt o t h e r i g h t o f t h e m e d i a nP [ a n e .
> Pelvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U r i n a r yb l a d d e r
Abdomen, frontal section
Hepar,Lobuscaudatus
V hepaticasinistra O
a V cavainferior
Atriumcordisdextrum
Ventriculus
cordisdexter
V portae hepatis O
Lig triangulare
sinistrum
V portaehepatis,O
R dexter
Gaster,Ostium
cardlacum
A hepaticapropriaO
O O A.; V gastricasinistra
Duodenum,
Parssuperior
Colontransversum
Hepar,Lobusdexter
Caudapancreatis
Colontransversum
a A. gastroduodenalis
a V splenica
Caputpancreatis
Duodenum,
Flexura
duodenojejunalis
Colonascendens
O A mesenterica
supeflor
A,;V mesenteria
c aa
supeflor
a Aa jejunales
Colon ascendens
lleum
O si l i u m
Colon descendens
M sartoriusa
M. tensorfasciaelataeI
l\4 iliacus a
N femoralis .l
Colon sigmoideum
A femoralis
o
Os pubis
lvl rectuslemorisa
V femoralis
o
pubica
Symphysis
M pectineus
a
Lig.fundiforme
penis
N4,adductor brevis a
M adductorlongusa
Penis,Tunica albuginea
a A profundapenis
F i g . 1 1 8 7 A b d o m e nA
, bdomen;
f r o n t a ls e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e m o s t a n t e r i o rp a r t o f t h e a b d o m i n a t c a v r t y .
Genitatia
Ostiumcardiacum
f Loous
PulmoJ superlor
sinisterI r ^n,,"
|
Parsthoracica
Oesophagus,
V. pulmonalis
O
sinistrainferior
dextrainferior
a V pulmonalis
Pulmodexter,
Lobusmedius
.-l-':"
\ Inreflor
Lobushepatis
sinister
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
Lig triangulare
sinistrum
o Diaphragma
Lobushepatis
dexter
Diaphragma
O
Ductusthoracicus
Lig
gastrosplenicum
Corpusgastricum
(Noduslymphoideus
mediastinalis
posterioo
SplenILien]
O A subcostalis
Glandula
suprarenalis
o Parsabdominalis
aortae
Lig splenorenale
Nodilymphoidei
splenici
a Nn splanchnici
majoret minor
A ; V s p l e n i caa a
Glandula
suprarenalis
Pancreas
Omentummajus
Pyramisrenalis
Colondescendens
Papillarenalis
a o A.; V lumbalisI
o Truncus
sympathicus
CostaXl
Ren
A : V r e n a l ios a
Pelvis renalis,
Calyx renalis major
Pelvisrenalis
Ureter
M psoasmajora
o V hemiazygos
aoA;V
lumbalisll
Parslumbaliso
diaphragmatis
, bdomen;
F i g . 1 1 8 8 A b d o m e nA
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nd e m o n s t r a t i n tgh e d i a p h r a g m ,
t h e o r g a n so f t h e u p p e ra b d o m e na n d t h e k i d n e y s ;
dorsaIview.
Ren,
Capsula adiposa
::.-
a:
> Pelvicviscera
and retroperitoneaI
space
[-]rir"lany
hi,**ia$*r
Upperabdomen,sagittalsection
iwl
Diaphragma,{}
Centrum tendineum
nepar,
Lobus dexter
Pleuravisceralis
[pulmonalis]
Pleura parietalis,
Pars costalis
Q Pars costalis
diaphragmatis
Parscostalisa
diaphragmatis
a V hepatica dextra
Recessus
l\4 erectorc
sptnae
a V portae
hepatis,
R dexter,
R anterior
Columnarenalis
V renaliso
A renalisa
Pelvis renalis
t l\4 rectus
abdominis
l\4edullarenalis
Peritoneum
vrscerale
Calyx renalis
mtnor
M quadratus C
rumDorum
Cortex renalis
R e n ,C a p s u l a
adrposa
Ren,Capsulafibrosa
M psoas major *
Fascia renalis
F i g .1 1 8 9 A b d o m e nA, b d o m e n ;
s a g i t t asI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e ra b d o m e n
a t t h e L e v eoLf t h e r i g h t k i d n e y ;
ffienitalia
Upperabdomen,sagittalsection
Gaster,Cardia, Ostium cardiacum
Gaster,Fornixgastricus
Omentumminus,Lig hepatogastricum
Pleuravisceralis
[pulmonalis]
Pleuraparietalis,
Parscostalis
Pars costalis t
diaphragmatis
SplenILien]
Lig gastrosplenicum
A gastrica sinistra a
Bursaomentalis
R intercostalis
anterior;
a)
V intercostalis
anterior;
o
N intercostalis
a
Recessus
o M erectorspinae
CostaXll
lumborum
a lvl quadratus
gastroomentalis
a
sinistra
Fasciarenalis
Omentummajus
Lig gastrocolicum
lvl rectus abdominis a
Omentummajus
c lvl psoasmajor
Cavitasperitonealis
Colontransversum
s a g i t t a sLe c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e ra b d o m e na t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s p l e e n ;
viewedfrom the left
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
{.J ni nnr
y dder
b{m
Upperabdomen, transversesections
1,4rectusabdominis
*
Lig falcilorme
V cava inferiora
CostaVll
Linea alba
Hepar,Lobussinister
Costa Vl
O Pars thoracicaaortae
Pleura parietalis,
Pars costalis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
Cavitaspleuralis,
Becessus
Pars costalisdiaphragmatisI
Costa Vl
Peritoneumparietale
* lV],obliquus
externus
abdominis
Peritoneumviscerale
CostaVll
Mm intercostales
*
SplenILien]
Costa Vlll
V hepaticadextra a
Cavitasperitonealis
M latissimus
dorsi&
Costa lX
N intercostalis(T 9)
a V splenica
V portae hepatis, R dexter, O
R posterior
a A splenica
CostaX
Vertebrathoracica Xl, Proc articularissuoerior
VertebrathoracicaXl
l\4edullaspinalis
Spatiumepidurale
Bursaomentalis
diaphragmatis,
S Parslumbalis
Crussinistrum
' Truncussympathicus
{i M erector spinae
N intercostalis(T 10)
Ductusthoracicus
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e ra b d o m e n
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e e L e v e n tthh o r a c i cv e r t e b r a .
Proc xiphoideus
M rectusabdominis
Costa Vll
Gaster
Hepar,Lobusdexter
Splen [Lien]
VertebrathoracicaX
M erectorspinae
Pars lumbalisdiaphragmatis
F i 9 . 1 1 9 2 A b d o m e nA
, bdomen;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i oInC T J
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e t e n t ht h o r a c i cv e r t e b r a :
Genitalia
Rectum
T o p o g raphy Sections
Upperabdomen,transversesections
Lig falciforme
M rectus abdominis,Vagina musculi recti abdominis o
Lrnea
Lig tereshepatis;Lobushepatissinister
communis
a A heDatica
M transversus
abdominis
o
Hepar,Lobusquadratus
Omentumminus,Lig hepatogastricum
Ductuscysticus;
Duclus
choledochus
Ibiliaris]
sinistra;
o oA; V gasvica
Nodi
coeliacum;
* Ganglion
gastroomentales
lymphoidei
Lig hepatoduodenale
A hepalica propria, o
R dexter;
V portae hepatis o
Bursaomentalis
Lobuscaudatus,
Proc
papillaris;
Recessus
superiorbursaeomentalis
Omentummajus
Recessus
splenicus
V portaehepatis,O
R dexter
f Parscostalis:
pars
Diaphragma
?1
lumbalis,
( Crusdextrum
Hilumsplenicum;
Nodilymphoidei
splenici
Lobushepatisdexter
SplenILien]
V cavainferiorO
Cauda pancreatis
Ductusthoracicus
V azygosa
Peritoneumviscerale
Cavitas pleuralis
Cavitasperitonealis
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
PleuraDarietalis.
Parscostalis
Mm intercostales
externiet interni|}
Peritoneumoarietale
aaA;V
splenica
Ben:Glandula
suprarenalis
Ben
Ren,Capsulaadiposa
major
N. splanchnicus
a * V hemiazygos;
minor
N. splanchnicus
a Q i, Aorta;Diaphragma;
s N thoracicus
[T12]
M latissimus
dorsit
M serratusoosterior
inferiora
M iliocostalisthoracis N
N splanchnicus
minor,,
M longissimus
thoracis|}
Medulla spinalis
Xll. Proc.soinosus
Vertebra
thoracica
j
\
$ l\,4m multifidi
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e ra b d o m e na t t h e [ e v e [
o f t h e i n t e r v e r t e b r adIi s c b e t w e e nt h e e l e v e n t ht h o r a c i c
a n d f i r s t L u m b a vr e r t e b r a ;
withthe exception
o f t h e o m e n t a Lb u r s ah i g h l . i g h t ei n
dyetLow
g r e e nt h e p e r i t o n e u mi s c o L o u r eidn b t u e .
Colontransversum
Lig falciforme
Jejunum
Lig tereshepatis
Pancreas
Hepar,Lobuscaudatus
Colondescendens
Hepar,Lobusdexter
V portaehepatis
Aorta
V cavainterior
Vertebra
lumbalis,
Corpusvertebrae
Parslumbalis
diaphragmatis
Costa X
Splen[Lien]
Rensinister
M latissimusdorsi
Costa Xl
M. erectorspinae
Ben dexter
Costa Xll
F i g . 1 1 9 1 A b d o m e nA
, bdomen;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cs e c t i o nI C T ]
a t t h e l e v e Lo f t h e f i r s t I u m b a rv e r t e b r a
T h e i n t e s t i n ei s p a r t i a t t yf i t t e dw i t h a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m .
> Pelvicviscera
and retroperitoneaI
space
htadder
KidneyI Supr ar enagltand
.
I U r i nany
Upper abdomen, transversesections
Hepar,Lobussinister
V portae hepalis a
costavlll
Lig teres
hepatis
Colontransversum
* l\4 rectusabdominis
suoerior
O A mesenterica
Peritoneumparietale
Pancreas
Becessus
Noduslymphoideus
pancreaticus
Pleuraparietalis,
Parsdiaphragmatica
JeJunum
Pleura parietalis,
Pars costalis
C o s t aV l l l
Costa lX
Hepar,
Lobus
dexter
Colon
descendens
aA.
renalis
* M latissimus
dorsi
V cavainferioro
Pelvis
renalts
Pars lumbalisdiaphragmatlss
CostaXll
Truncus
sympathicus
l\4 erector spinae *
Medulla renalis
Calyx renalis minor
Sinusrenalis
Vertebra
lumbalisI
Cortexrenalis
Cauda equina ,
A mesentericainlerior a
o V renalis
a Pars abdominalisaortae
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u p p e ra b d o m e n
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e f i r s t I u m b a rv e r t e b r a .
A mesentericasuperior
Jejunum
Vesica biliaris
A renalis
V cava inferior
Corpus vertebrae lumbalis I
Hepar, Lobus dexter
F i g . 1 1 9 6 A b d o m e nA
, bdomen;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cs e c t i o nI C T ]
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e f i r s t [ u m b a rv e r t e b r a ;
* I n t e s t i ngaaI s
Rectum
Genitalia
T o p o E r aphy Sections
Lowerabdomen,transversesections
Linea alba
* M rectusabdominis
mesenterica
superior,
Aa ; Vv ilealesO o
lleum
A mesentericainferiorO
Cavitasperitonealis
Peritoneumviscerale
Peritoneum
oarietale
f M. transversus
abdominis
Colon sigmoideum
c l\4.obliquus
internus
abdominis
* M obliquus
exlernus
abdominis
aaA.;V
mesenterica
supeflor,
Aa.;W.
ileales
Pars O
abdominalis
aonae
Colon
descendens
Colon
ascendens
1,4latissimus
dorsi*
6 M psoasmajor
aoA;Vtesticularis
Vertebra lumbalis lll
Cauda equina t
t M erector spinae
N spinalis
Vertebralumbalis lV. Proc sprnosus
Fig.1197 Abdomen,Abdomen;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e l o w e ra b d o m e n
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e t h i r d L u m b a vr e r t e b r a .
r l/
M rectus
abdominis
Linea alba
Jejunum*
Colondescendens
M obliquus
externusabdominis
l\4 obliquusinternusabdominis
Caecum
abdominis
M. transversus
Parsabdominalis
aortae
l\4 psoas major
V cava inferior
lumbalislll
Corpusvertebrae
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i cs e c t i o nI C T l
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e t h i r d L u m b a vr e r t e b r a ;
* Jejunum
f i t l e dw i t ha c o n t r a smt e d i u m
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
K r e i n e yI S u p r a r e r r aEI t a n d I l . J n i n * riy: L n d c l e n
Malepelvis,mediansections
Mesenterium
Ostiumurethrae
internum
\
Colon sigmoideum
,ro 1[\l'
Filum terminale
lntestinumtenue
Ostiumureteris
Omentummajus
Apex vesicae
( L i g u m b i l i c a l em e d i a n u m )
Plica transversarecti*
,4'
Lrg sacrococcygeum
posteriussuperficiale
Spatium
retropubicum""
Lrneaalba
Articulatio
sacrococcygea
Symphysis pubica
Ampulla recti
Lig lundiforme penis
Fascia rectoprostatica
V dorsalis profunda penis a
Prostata
Fasciapelvisvisceralis
dorsalis superficialispenis o
Corpusanococcygeum
[Lig anococcygeum]
Urethra,Pars spongiosa
6 M sphincterani
externus
Duclus delerens
ani
* M sphincter
internus
Caputepididymidis
Tunicaalbuginea
corporum
cavernosorum
Columnae anales: Sinus anales
penis
Corpuscavernosum
(Pecten analis)
penis
Corpusspongiosum
ani externus
* M sphincter
perineiprofundus
& M transversus
Septulatestis
Membrana perinei
Coronaglandis
Glanspenis
Ductuliefferentes
testis
Fossa navicularisurethrae
Mediastinumtestis
P r e p u t i upme n i s
Ductusdeferens;
Caudaepididymidis
Ostiumurethrae
externum
Urethra,Parsintermedia
Imembranacea]
Lig puboprostaticum
penis
Bulbuspenis,Corpusspongiosum
Tunicadartos.M dartos
S Scrotum.
M cremaster;
Fasciacremasterica
&
Lobuli testis
F i g . 1 1 9 9 P e L v i sP, e L v i so,f t h e m a l e ;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
viewedfrom the [eft.
* C l i n i c at eI r m :K o H L R A U sSfCoH
td
* * C t i n i c at eI T mc: a v eo f R E T Z I U S
Vertebra
l u m b a l i sV
Canalis
sacrails
M rectus abdominis
Colon sigmoideum
Vesica urinaria
Symphysis pubica
Bulbus penis
F i g . 1 2 0 0 P e L v i sP, e t v i so, f t h e m a [ e ;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c teo m o g r a p h i c
i m a g eI M R l l ;
p a r a m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
viewedfrom the left
Testrs
Os sacrum
Ampullarecti
Os coccygis
Prostata
Canalisanalis
Rectum
Genitatia
T n p o E r aphy Sections
Femalepelvis,
sections
Fimbriaetubae uterinae
Infundibulum
tubaeuterinae
Uterus.Faciesintestinalis
Cavitas uteri; Canalis ceruicisuteri, Plicae palmatae
A sacralismediana a
Lig suspensorium
ovarii;A; V ovaricaa o
Colon sigmoideum
A.; V iliacaexternaa o
Ovarium,Folliculus
ovaricus
vesiculosus
a A. sacralis mediana
lsthmustubaeuterinae
Fundusuteri
Lig teresuteri
A ; V epigastricainferiorO a
Plica umbilicalismedialis (Chorda a umbilicalis)
Ampulla recti;
Plicae transversae recti
Peritoneumparietale
Linea alba
Excavatiorectouterina***
(Lig umbilicalemedianum)
Fornix vaginae, Pars
posterior
Fascia pelvis parietalis
lsthmus uteri
Portiovaginalisceruicis
Uterus, Facies vesicalis
Ostium uteri
Glomus coccygeum
Fascia rectovaginalis
[Septum rectovaginalel
Ostiumurethraeinternum
Corpuscijtoridis,
Corpuscavernosum
clitoridis
Frenulum
clitoridis
Ostiumureteris
Labium
m i n u sp u d e n d i
externum
Ostiumurethrae
Os sacrum
Promontorium
lvl erectorspinae
Fig. 1201 Petvis,Petvis,of the femate;
m e d i a ns e c t i o n ;
t h e i n t e s t i n eh a s b e e na l m o s tc o m p l e t e t y
r e m o v e dw i t h s o m e r e m n a n t so f t h e
s i g m o i da n d r e c t u m ;
v i e w e df r o m t h e L e f t .
* C t i n i c at eI r m :v e s i c o v a g isneapI t u m
+ * C l i n i c at eI T ms: a c r o u t e r iLnieg a m e n t
*** C[inicaI
term:pouchof DOUGLAS
lntestinum
lenue
l\,4rectus
abdominis
Corpusuteri
Vesica
unnafla
Symphysis
Portiovaginalisceruicis
Vagina
Spatium rectovaginale
urethra
Fig. 1202 pelvis,pelvis,of the female;
tomographic
i m a g eI M R l ) ;
p a r a m e d i asne c t i o n ;
viewedfrom the [eft.
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneal
space
g tand
y ndder
KidneyI Supr nr enal
.
| [.l r i narbl
Lowerabdomen,transversesections
a A rectalissuperior
Colon sigmoideum
a Aa sigmoideae
& l\4 rectusabdominis
A iliacacommunis
a)
o A epigastricainferior
V iliacacommunis
a
Ureter
lleum
A testicularis
a
* M obliquusinternus
abdominis
l\4 transversus
abdominis
* M obliquus
externus
abdominis
Colon
ascendens
Crista iliaca
M psoas.s
malor
Colon
oescenoens
P l e x u sl u m b a l i s
# M iliacus
A l ao s s i si l i u m
Vertebra lumbalisV
S M gluteus
medtus
A;Vgluteasuperioraa
Os sacrum,
s l\4 gluteusmaximus
C a u d ae q u i n a
superior
Vertebra
lumbalisV, Proc articularis
inferior
F i g . 1 2 0 3 P e t v i sP
, e[vis;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e f i f t h L u m b a vr e r t e b r a .
T h i s m a l e s p e c i m e ni s d i f f e r e nftr o m F i g . 1 1 9 1 ,1 1 9 3 ,1 1 9 5
a n d 119 7 .
A s t h e s i g m o i dr e a c h e sf a r i n t ot h e u p p e ra b d o m e nt h e f i g u r e
a L s od i s p L a ytsh e d o m eo f c o L o n ifct e x u r eT. h e t h i c k n e s so f t h e
a d i p o s et i s s u eL a y e or n t h e g t u t e u sm e d i u sm u s c L em u s t b e
t a k e ni n t o c o n s i d e r a t i ownh e n i n j e c t i ng i n t r a m u s c u [ a r l y .
M rectus
Colon
a b d o m i n i s 0escenoens
M obliquusinternus
abdominis
Colon sigmoideum
M obliquus
externusabdominis
Caecum
Cristailiaca
A i l i a c ac o m m u n i s
M iliacus
V iliaca interna
M gluteusmedius
l\4 psoas major
M gluteusmaximus
V iliaca externa
l\4 erector spinae
Fig. 1201 PeLvis,Petvis;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i o{nC T la t t h e l e v e I
o f t h e f i r s t s a c r a Iv e r t e b r aa f t e r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
o f a c o n t r a sm
t e d i u mi n t ot h e c o t o n ; s u p i npeo s i t i o n ;
* Calcificatio
n tnh ew a t lo f t h ei l i a ca r t e r y
' p a t e l n u e Jr6e o d d e
'ourlsolur
l l P L Ua
s q l ] o s l J e dp u e J a ^ r la q t ' q l e u r o l sa q l
' l J e a qo q l s e q r n s s u e 6 J o s a u e l du o r l l a so q l
Jo
'IICl
p
a
l
n
d
u
r
o
s
u
o
r
l
]
e
s
l
r
q
d
e
r
6
o
u
r
o
]
lre ] u o z r J o uq o p a s e q
a u e l dl e l u o J la q l u r u o r l l n J l s u o l a p
l aprn6-aurnlo^
u a u r o p q v ' u a u r o p q v9 0 z l ' 6 l J
suopuassEuoloc
suepuacsopuoloc
rouap ueu
unueponc
urnun[af
Ecuol^dsred lolse9
roueons
ecuelueseulv
reuap snqol 'rPdaH
slledoqsarel 6Fl
luar'tluotdS
lalstuts
snqo"lrEdeH
relsPc
euOerqderO
ralsrurs
srprocsnlnc!.lluon
urruuapsrpJocurnulv
'uawopqeJa$o-l
suo!llas
fiqder6odol
u n lla u
er l el r ua9
fualre1e.rou-ra;
aqlJolJedletpaulaql ut uotleltJnleO
*
'uorlrsod
a u r d n su r ] ) a f q n se q ] q l l Ms t A l a dJ o s s a a
l q]
Ll6noJqi lf Cl uorlras-ssorllr qder 6ourolpelndurol
:aleLUaql ,o 'st^led'st^lod LOZL'6lt
[sna6^ccoc l l] snab^ccocortlcsr li\
srlPueorqcsr
Pssol
ruP rolEêl y!
ecrperqcsr
euros
sncrperqcsr
N
y1
snurxeusna1n16
snurolxasnuole.rnlqol
:ofeu :elueqcoll'rnLual
PSOInCTSAA
elnpuelc
snuirurr!
la snrpauirep16tuyl
EUeUUneStSAn
suourajlnoPc
rlnqPlace
essol
ePlel aercsel rosual y!
y!
snuJalur
snrJoleJnlqo
suor.r.rajsnlcar !\
snuouPs|/\
sBosdorlr |/\
snaurlcaoyI
+ srleJotlaj V
srlerotr]aln
snc[euroossnlncrunl
srqnoso
ecrqndsrs^qdu^S
srururopqE
snlcar n
l o r l l e sa s r a ^ s u e r l
s r ^ l a dJ a s s o e
l q l q 6 n o J qu
:oleul aql jo 'sr^led'sr^lad gOZa'6lJ
PSOlnCrSa^
elnpuelg
PuJolurepuap
An: vda o
snquir"l'unlnqElacv
uinlceH
suoual exauuincrcn
o srlPrpauJ
srlPrpaui
suoual
a exauurncrsv
st6,{ccoc s6
suaralapsnlcno
ruralurilrolPrnlqorlncsnu EourpualqnseslnE
ilr.lcsrso
roua;uree1n16
1 O
eelnl6V o
sncrperqcstN *
snutxeut
snelnlo y! a
snrpeuJ
a snelnloy!
ilpoLU
ralnl0rlncsnu
PCUAlUeqCOrl
eSrng
srlecrsaA
snsouo^snxalda
roleu
JAlUeqcorl
rnual
snurolur
snuolPrnlqou\ o
eercsel
a rosual n
suelncrqro
euoz
ecPrll
eeurpuelqns
esrng
srJouiallnoPc
'lnutal
seosoorl|.u\
a
suourol
surdec6q
suor.lajepunloJov o
o o euolernlqon: v
o suoual snpal yI
O sPosdorlrU\
o snlrouesn
srleroualN t,
P3erI POUrpualqns
eslng
srlerouialv a
snqur"l'unlnqelacv
stleloulojn a
srlerporxoredns
snpoN
'srlercUadns
srleurnOur
snaproqdLu^l
snpoN
snauncedy1I
sncrlPrurods
snlncrunl
* snuolErnlqo N
& sr;eluabg 'sr;eroualolrue6
I
suajalopsnlcno
srqnoso
pueut./nP3rsan
a suelnc[salv
ecrqndsrs^qdur^S
srurrlropqe
snlcor r{ a
snDadns
uncrqnd0r-l
suo\Jas asJaAsueJJ'stqad
aFN
pue
aleds
leauoltJedollel
eJalsl^ I^lad <
r ap pe lq{. re ur - r |1-pu
1 el 6le ua rer dn|s[a up ly
Genitatia
Femalepelvis,transversesections
Lig pubicum
l\4 iliacus *
M sartorius
*
pubica
Symphysis
Spatiumrekopubicum
M pectineus
*
Vesicaurinaria
pubis
a V femoralis
N obturatorius
a O . V:A obturatoria:
a A femoralis
o A profundafemoris
M rectuslemoris*
i N femoralis
M psoasmajor,*
Tendo
M vastus g
lateralis
Articulatio
coxae
Femur,
Collumfemoris
M obturatorius
externusa
: N ischiadicus
; N cutaneus
femoris posterior
Bursa subtendineamusculi
obturatoriiinternitTuber ischiadicum
Flectum
l\4 gluteusmaximus4t
M obturatorius
!l
internus
Fossa ischioanalis
Corpusanococcygeum
ILig anococcygeum]
o M levatorani
a A gluteainterior
., N gluteusinferior
O a V ; A p u d e n d ai n t e r n a
N pudendus
I
F i g . 1 2 0 8 P e t v i sP
, e L v i so,f t h e f e m a L e ;
t r a n s v e r s es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e [ e s s e rp e L v i s
a t t h e l e v e Io f t h e s y m p h y s i s
pectrneus
Ospubis
A profundafemoris
pubica
/ Symphysis
[,4 sartorius
l\il rectusfemoris
V femoralis
M illopsoas
Vesica urinaria
M tensorlasciaelatae
Vagina
M vastuslateralis
Rectum,Ampulla recti
Femur,
Collumfemoris
l\4 obturatorius
externus
Fossa ischioanalis
R a m u so s s i si s c h i i ;
Tuberischiadicum
N ischiadicus
Os coccygis
[,4obturatorius
internus
M gluteusmaximus
Fig. 1209 Petvis,Pelvis,of the female;
c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h i c r o s s - s e c t i oInC T lt h r o u g h
t h e L e s s epr e [ v i sw i t h t h e s u b j e c ti n s u p i n ep o s i t i o n .
* R e m n a no
t sf c o n t r a s t i ni ngt e s t i n caoI n t e n t s
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneaI
space
U r i nar ybl adder
Malepelvis,obliquefrontalsection
o Aa sigmoideae
a V iliaca interna
Peritoneumparietale
Osilium
Appendices omentales
lepiploicael
Colonsigmoideum
Ureter
Ductusdeferens
Glandula vesiculosa
internus
M obturatorius
o M levatorani
o o V;A pudendainterna*
Tuberischiadicum
a M bicepslemoris;
M semitendinosus;
M semimembranosus
Cutis
lvl sphincterani internusa
a M levator ani, M puborectalis
I M sphincterani externus
Fig. 1210 Petvis,PeLvis,
of the ma[e;
o b I i q u ef r o n t a Ls e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e [ e s s e rp e t v i s .
* C L i n i ctaeIr m A
: L C 0 C sKc a n a t
Genitatia
Vesicaurinaria
M gluteusmaximus
Corpusossisilium
M gluteusmedius
Caputfemoris
internus
M obturatorius
Prostata
externus
M obturatorius
Urethramasculina
M vastuslateralis
penis
Corpuscavernosum
(Mm.adductores)
penis
Corpusspongiosum
Fig. 1211 Petvis,Petvis,of the mate;
t o m o g r a p h i ci m a g el M R l l ;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e h i p j o i n t s ;
ventraIview.
M. psoasmajor
Cavitasuteri
Corpusuteri
Corpusossisilium
M iliacus
M. gluteusmaximus
M gluteusmedius
Caputfemoris
internus
M. obturatorius
Collumfemoris
Tubauterina
externus
M. obturatorius
Vesicaurinaria
(Mm adductores)
Fig. 1212 Petvis,Petvis,of the femaLe;
t o m o g r a p h i ci m a g eI M R l l ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o na t t h e l e v e Io f t h e h i p i o i n t s ;
ventraIview
W h e nt h eu r i n a r yb t a d d ei rs e m p t yt,h eu t e r u s[ i e so nt h ea p e x
o f t h eb [ a d d edr u et o i t sa n t e f t e x r o n .
> Petvicviscera
andretroperitoneat
space
U r i nar ybtadder
Malepelvicdiaphragm,
angled-frontalsection
Vesicaurinaria,
Plicainterureterica
Ostiumurethrae
internum
Ostiumureteris
o M. levatorani
Peritoneum
urogenitale,
Fossaoaravesicalis
O M. obturatoriusinternus
Fossaacetabuli
Lig capitis femoris
a N. pudendus
Caput
femoris
a M obturatorius
eXlernus
a a A.;V
M. iliopsoas,
O
Tendo
circumflexa
femoris
medialis
M. quadratus
O
femoris
Ramusinferior
ossispubis
M adductora)
mlntmus
M adductorO
ma9nus
oOA;V.pudenda
interna
MmO
ischiocrurales
M. ischiocavernosus
a
O M. transversus
perineiprofundus
M. bulbospongiosus
O
Urethra
masculina
Penis,
Corpus spongiosum
a N. perinealis
O M transversusperineisuperficialis
Fascia perinei (superficialis)
Fig. 1213 Petvis,Petvis,of the ma[e;
a n g l e d - f r o n t asIe c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u r i n a r yb L a d d e r .
* C t i n i c at eLr m :p a r a c y s t i u m
** CLinical
term:prostatic
venousptexus
FemaIe pelvic diaphragm, angled-frontaI section
Urethrafeminina
Vesicaurinaria,
Tunicamuscularis
N obturatorius;aOa
A.; V obturatoria
M obturatorius
internusa
Vesicaurinaria
a M levatorani
Peritoneumurogenitale,Fossaparavesicalis
Acetabulum
Caputfemoris
Membrana
obturatoria
. O V;4.
pudenda
interna;
a N pudendus
M obturatoriusO
exlernus
N perinealis
a
o (Diaphragma
urogenitale)
M. iliopsoas
a
Ramusossis
ischii
M adductora
orevts
Crusclitoridis
A. profundaa
femoris,
Aa circumflexae
lemorismedialis
et lateralis
a M ischiocavernosus
Bulbus
vestibuli
V profundaa
femoris,
Vv circumflexae
femorismedialis
et lateralis
a M bulbospon9rosus
M adductorO
longus
M. gracilis o
Labiummajuspudendi
Labiumminuspudendi
Fi$.1211 Pelvis,Pelvis,of the fema[e;
a n g t e d - f r o n t asIe c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e u r i n a r yb t a d d e r .
* Paracystium
withvenousptexus
Urethrafeminina,
Ostiumurethraeeldernum
> Lowertimb
Surfaceanatomy
Os sacrum
Spina iliaca anterior superior
(Sulcusanalis)
R e g i oi n g u i n a l i s ,
Lig inguinale
Regioglutealis,
M gluteusmaximus
Trochanter
major(Femu0
Trochanter
major(Femur)
Sulcusglutealis
Begio
anterior
lvl sartorius
M quadriceps
femoris
Regiogenusposterior,
Fossapoplitea
Caputlibulae
Flegiogenus anterior,
Patella
Caput libulae
Tuberositas
tibiae
M gastrocnemius
Regio cruris
anterior
Regiocrurisposterior,
Sura
l\4argoanterior (l'lbia)
Malleolusmedialis (Tibia)
Malleolusmedialis (Tibia
Malleoluslateralis(Fibula)
Malleoluslateralis(Fibula)
Dorsumpedis
Dorsumpedis
D i g i t um
s inimus
lquintusl
Digitusquartus
Digitustertius
Digitussecundus
Hallux[Digitusprimus]
F i g . 1 2 1 5 L o w e r[ i m b ,M e m b r u mi n f e r i u s .
F i g . 1 2 1 6 L o w e rL i m b M
, e m b r u mi n f e r i u s .
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Skeletonof the lowerlimb,overview
Cingulum
pelvicum
Articulatio coxae
(Articulatio
femoropatellaris)
|
(Articulatiomeniscofemoralis)
Articulatiogenus
I
meniscotibialis)
[ (Articutatio
Parslibera
membriinferioris
Articulatio
tibiofibularis
tibiofibularis
Syndesmosis
Articulatiotalocruralis
Articulatiocalcaneocuboidea
Tarsus,Ossatarsi
t
Metatarsus,
Ossa metatarsi
Articulatiosubtalaris
l.
..
.
j (Anlculaao'"lolarsalls)
Articulatiotalocalcaneonavicularis
Articulatiocuneonavicularis
(Articulatio
cuneocuboidea)
intercuneiformes
Articulationes
Articulationes
tarsometatarsales
Digitipedis,
Ossadigitorum:
- Phalanxproximalis
- Phalanxmedia
- Phalanxdistalis
Articulationes metatarsophalangeae
Articulationesinterphalangeaepedis
Fig. 1217 Lower [imb, Membrum inferius;
s k e l e t o na n d j o i n t s .
> Lowertimb
M us c [es
Pelvis
Promontorium
Aperturapelvissuperior
t?tn^ iliaca posteriorsuperior
Tuberositasiliaca
/
Os sacrum,Parslateralis
^L-:
Alaossisilium,
Fossailiaca
Linea terminalis
Labium
internum
Linea
Crista
intermedia iliaca
Labium
exlernum
Tuberculum
iliacum
Linea arcuata
Os ilium
supenor
Spina iliaca anteriorinferior
Spina ischiadica
Os ischii
Eminentiailiopubica
Pectenossispubis
Ramussuoeriorossisoubis
Articulatio sacrococcygea
Ospubis
Aperturapelvisinferior
pubicum
Tuberculum
pubica
Symphysis
F i g . 1 2 1 8 S a c r u m ,O s s a c r u m ,a n d p e l v i cg i r d t e ,
pelvicum
CinguLum
T h e r e g i o nc r a n i a It o t h e I i n e at e r m i n a t i si s r e f e r r e d
, e t v i sm a j o r ,a n d t h e r e g i o n
t o a s t h e g r e a t e rp e [ v i sP
, e L v im
c a u d a It o i t i s k n o w na s [ e s s e rp e t v i sP
s inor.
Diameler
o b l i q u al l
Fig. 1219 PeLvis,
PeLvis;
s h a p ea n d d i m e n s i o n so f t h e p e L v i icn L e t
of thefemaLe.
Lineaterminalis
Fig. 1220 PeLvis,
PeLvis;
s h a p eo f t h e p e t v i ci n L e t
ot the mate.
Topography
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Pelvis
h-d = Sagittaldiameter of the
pelvic brim 12-12.5 cm
e-g = Sagittaldiameter of the
pelvic constriction
11-l l 5 cm
e-f = Sagittaldiameterof the
pelvic outlet (=,Distantia
puoococcygea)
9-1 0 cm
k-k = Pelvic axis
a-b = Anatomicalconjugate
a-e = Diagonalconjugate
12 5-13 cm
a-c = True conjugate
104-11cm
Spina iliaca anteriorsuperior
Spinailiacaanteriorinferior
maius
Foramenischiadicum
Linea terminalis
pelvissuperior
Apertura
Li9 sacrospinale
sacrotuberale
Foramen ischiadicumminus
Aperturapelvisinferior
Foramen obturatum
Tuber ischiadicum
Fig. 1221 Pelvis,Petvis;
d i m e n s i o nisn t h e f e m a [ e ;
a-a = Crestal distance
28-29 cm.
b-b = Anterior spinal distance
25-26 cmc-c = Posteriorspinal distance
(width of the sacrum)
10cm
" In this perspective,the crestal
distance appears shorter than
the anterior spinal distance
Fig. 1222 Petvis,PeLvis,
d i m e n s i o nisn t h e f e m a t e
d-d = Transversediameter
of the pelvic brim
(= interacetabularline)
12-12 5 cm
e-e = Transversediameter of
the oelvic constriction
(= iriterspinalline)
'10
5 cm
l-f = Transversediameterol
the pelvic outlet
(= tuberal diameter)
'11-.12
cm)
> Lowertimb
h4r-rEe[es
Hipbone
Crista iliaca
Linea intermedia
A l a o s s i si l i u m
Labiuminternum
Facies sacropelvica
Fossa iliaca
Tuberositas
iliaca
Spina iliaca
anteriorsuperior
Faciesauricularis
superior
Spina iliaca
anterior inferior
Linea arcuata
Spina iliaca posteriorinferior
Incisuraischiadicamajor
E m i n e n t i ai l i o p u b i c a
Sulcusobturatorius
Corpus ossis ischii
Ramussuperior
ossispubis,
Pectenossispubis
Spina ischiadica
Incisuraischiadicaminor
Foramen
obturatum
(Tuberculumobturatoriumposterius)
Faciessymphysialis
Bamus ossis ischii
Flamusinferiorossis pubis
Tuberischiadicum
F i 1 . 1 2 2 3 H i p b o n e , 0 sc o x a e ;
m e d i a Iv i e w
T h et h i n r e g i o ni n t h e c e n t r eo f
t h e a [ ao f i t i u m i s c h a r a c t e r r s t r c
for itsframe-Like
structure.
Tuberositasiliaca
Crista iliaca
Facies sacropelvica
Facies auricularis
Sulcussupraacetabularis
Spinailiacaanteriorinferior
Corpusossisilium
Eminentia
iliopubica
Corpusossispubis
Ramussuperior
ossisDubis
Cristaobturatoria
Pecten ossis pubis
pubicum
Tuberculum
Cristapubica
(Tuberculum
posterius)
obturatorium
Foramen
obturatum
F i g . 1 2 2 1 H i p b o n e , 0 sc o x a e ;
Facies
symphysialis
(Angulus
ossispubis)
Ramusinferiorossispubis
Tuber ischiadicum
Ramus ossis ischii
T op o gn ap h y
ThiEh Knee
Leg
Foot
Hip bone
Labiuminternum
Linea intermedia
Linea glulea anterior
Facies glutea
Labiumexternum
iliacum
Tuberculum
Crista iliaca
Linea glutea inferior
Alaossisilium
Soina iliaca anteriorsuoerior
(Tuberositas
musculi
gluteimaximi)
superior
Corpusossisilium
Spina iliaca posteriorinferior
SulcussuDraacetabularis
Incisuraischiadicamajol
Facies lunata
Limbus acetabuliIMargo acetabuli]
Fossa acetabuli
Incisura
acetabuli
Pectenossispubis
Cristaobturatoria
Spina ischiadica
pubicum
Tuberculum
Incisuraischiadicaminor
Ramusinferiorossisoubis
Corpusossisischii
anterius
Tuberculum
obturatorium
posterius)
(Tuberculum
obturalorium
Tuber ischiadicum
Ramusossisischii
dorsotateraLview.
Corpusossisilium
Eminentia
iliopubica
Corpusossis
puors
Corpusossisischii
Tuberischladicum
(cartilagineum)
Ramus ossis ischii
devetopment
* A p p r o x i m a t seitxyt hy e a ro f [ i f e
Ramussuperior
ossispubis
Ramusinferior
ossispubis
F i g . 1 2 2 7 H i p b o n e , 0 sc o x a e ;
i nt a 6 - y e a r - o l dc h i t d .
s t a g eo f d e v e L o p m e n
I n t h e a c e t a b u t u mt ,h e t h r e e p a r t so f t h e h i p b o n ea r e f u s e d
. h i sj u n c t i o no s s i if e s a t
t o a Y - s h a p e dc a r t i t a g i n o uj su n c t i o n T
t h e a g e o f 13 - 18 y e a r s .
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Jointsof thepelvicgirdle
Vertebra
lumbalislV
Discusintervertebralisnrticutatio
\
lumbosacralis
Lig iliolumbale
J
Lig pubicumsuperius
Lig iliofemorale
Canalisobturatorius
Articulatio
coxae,
Capsulaarticularis
Trochanter
major
Membrana
obturatoria
Angulus
subpubicus
Fig. 1228 Jointsof the petvicAirdLe,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u t ip e [ v i c ia, n d t h e I u m b o s a c r a L j o i n t
A r t i c u t a t i oL u m b o s a c r a t iosf.t h e m a t e .
Vertebra
lumbalislV
Discus intervedebralis)
Articulatiolumbosacralis
/ Lig. iliolumbate /
Lig inguinale
Canalis obturatorius
Lig iliofemorale
Trochantermajor
Tuber
ischiadicum
Arcuspubicus
Fi1. 1229 Joints of the peLvicairdLe,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u Lpi e t v i c ia, n d t h e I u m b o s a c r aj o
I int,
A r t i c u t a t i o[ u m b o s a c r a I i so.f t h e f e m a [ e
Topography
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Vertebra
lumbalislV CorDus
Lig iliolumbale
Vertebralumbalis V Proc costalis
Articulatio
sacroiliaca,
anterius
Lig sacroiliacum
majus
Foramenischiadicum
Lig sacrotuberale
Lig inguinale
Lig.sacrospinale
M rectusfemoris,Tendo
Lacunamusculorum
minus
Foramenischiadicum
Arcusiliopectineus
Articulatiocoxae,
Lig iliofemorale
Lig
Lacuna
vasorum pubrcum
supenus
F i g . 1 2 3 0 J o i n t so f t h e p e t v i cg i r d t e ,
I int,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u Lpi e [ v i c ia, n d t h e I u m b o s a c r aj o
A r t i c u l a t i o[ u m b o s a c r a t i so,f t h e m a t e
Vertebra
lumbalislV.Corous
Vertebra lumbalis V, Proc costalis
Lig iliolumbale
Articulatio sacroiliaca,
Lig sacroiliacumanterius
majus
Foramenischiadicum
Lig sacrospinale
Lig inguinale
Lig sacrotuberale
minus
Foramenischiadicum
Lacuna musculorum
M rectusfemoris,Tendo
Arcusiliopectineus
Articulatiocoxae,
Lig iliofemorale
Ltg
pubrcum
supenus
Fig. 1231 Joints of the peLvicgirdte,
j oI i n t ,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u l ip e [ v i c ia, n d t h e L u m b o s a c r a
A r t i c u l a t i oI u m b o s a c r a t i so,f t h e f e m a [ e .
> Lowertimb
Musc[es
Jointsof thepeLvic
girdle
Lig supraspinale
Lig iliolumbale
Ligg sacroiliacaposteriora
Ligg sacroiliaca
Interossea
Lig sacrotuberale
Proc
falcilormis
Lig sacrospinale
Lrg sacrococcygeum
posteriusprofundum
Lrg. sacrococcygeum
posteriussuperficiale
Lig.pubicuminferius
+
F i g . 1 2 3 2 J o i n t so f t h e p e t v i cg i r d t e ,
j oI i n t ,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u t ip e t v i c ia, n d t h e L u m b o s a c r a
A r t i c u t a t i o[ u m b o s a c r a L iosf,t h e f e m a t e .
superior
Foramenischiadicum
majus
Foramenischiadicum
minus
Proc
falciformis
Articulatio coxae,
Capsula articularis
Lig inguinale
Tuberischiadicum
Lig pubicum inferius
€
F i 9 . 1 2 3 3 J o i n t so f t h e p e t v i cA i r d [ e ,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u t ip e [ v i c io, f t h e f e m a [ e .
To pogr a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Canalis sacralis
Lig sacrospinale
Foramen ischiadicum
maJus
Lig capitis femoris
Lig sacrotuberale
Caputfemoris
Lig capitis femoris
Cavitasarticularis
Foramen ischiadicum
Zonaorbicularis
MINUS
Membrana
obturatoria
Lig pubicum
inferius
Articulatiocoxae,
Capsulaarticularis
pubica,
Symphysis
Discusinterpubicus
Fig. 123t, Jointsof the pelvicgird[e,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u Lpi e [ v i c io, f t h e f e m a [ e
Vertebra
lumbalis
V Corpus
Forameninteruertebrale
Articulatiolumbosacralis,
Discus interuertebralis
Os sacrum
Crista iliaca
Fossa iliaca
Foramen ischiadicummajus
Lineaarcuata
Lig sacrospinale
Linea terminalis
Pectenossispubis
Os coccygis
Foramen ischiadicumminus
pubicum
Tuberculum
Lig sacrotuberale
Faciessymphysialis
Foramenobturatum
F i 9 . 1 2 3 5 J o i n t so f t h e p e [ v i cg i r d [ e ,
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u Lpi e L v i cai ,n d t h e [ u m b o s a c r a I j o i n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i o[ u m b o s a c r a t i so,f t h e f e m a [ e ;
N o r m a [ t yt,h e a n t e r i o rb o r d e ro f t h e l o w e s ti n t e r v e r t e b r adLi s c
forms the furthestprojectingpointof the posteriorcircumference
o f t h e p e l . v iicn [ e t .R a d i o g r a p h i c a ttlh. ye,m o s t a n t e r i o rp a r t o f t h e
sacrum is referredto as promontory.
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Jointsof thepelvicgirdLe
Articulatio
zygapophysialis
Os sacrum
F i g . 1 2 3 6 S a c r o i t i ajco i n t ,A r t i c u L a t isoa c r o i I i a c a ;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n
Discusinterpubicus,
Cartilago
tibrosa
(Cavitas
symphysialis)*
Ramussuoeriorossisoubis
Cartilagohyalina
i
Lig. pubicum
inferius
Fig. 1237 Pubicsymphysis,Symphysispubica;
o b t i q u es e c t i o ni n t h e d i r e c t i o no f t h e L o n g i t u d i n a L
a x i so f t h e s y m p h y s i s
T h e i n t e r p u b i cd i s c c o n s i s t so f f i b r o u sc a r t i L a g ew,i t h
the exception
o f t h e a r t i c u L asr y m p h y s i asI u r f a c e so f
b o t h p u b i cb o n e st h a t a r e c o v e r e dw i t h h y a t i n e
c a r t i t a g eA. [ o n g i t u d i n af lLa t c l e f to c c u r sa f t e r t h e
f i r s t d e c a d eo f L i f e[ * ] .
TopographyI Sections
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Pelvis,radiography
Basis ossis sacri
Proc spinosus
lumbalislV
Vertebra
Pediculus
arcusvertebrae
Crista iliaca
Proc costalis
Spina iliaca
posterior
supenor
Os sacrum,
Pars lateralis
Spina iliaca
posterior
inlerior
Articulatio
sacroiliaca
Ala ossis ilium
Spina iliaca
anterior
supenor
Linea
arcuala
Spina iliaca
anterior
inlerior
Os sacrum
Articulatio
coxae, Cavitas
articularis
Spina
ischiadica
Fossa
acetabuli
Fovea capitis
femoris
Caput
femoris
Eminentia
iliopubica
Trochanter
maJor
Collum
femoris
Cristaintertrochanterica
Tuber
ischiadicum
Trochanter
mtnor
Foramen
obturatum
pubicum
Tuberculum
Os coccygis
Ramusossisischii
Ramussuperiorossispubis
pubica
Symphysis
Ramus inferiorossis pubis
F i g . 1 2 3 8 P e L v i sP, e t v i so, f t h e m a l e ;
A P - r a d i o g r a pw
h i t h t h e c e n t r a Ib e a md i r e c t e d
o n t ot h e t h i r d s a c r a Is e g m e n t ;u p r i g h tp o s i t i o n
> Lowertimb
$urnfnae lSketetonl
MLrscles
Petvis
Pelvis,development
Os ilium
Vertebraesacrales
Trochantermajor *
Symphysis pubica
Os pubis
Trochanter
minor+
Os ischii
Fig. 123i Pelvis,PeLvis,
and femur, Femur;
A P - r a d i o g r a pohf a f e m a t e ,p r e m a t u r eb a b y
[ e i g h t hm o n t h o f p r e g n a n c y )
*
O s s e o u sr o o fo f t h e a c e t a b u L u m
* * Y - s h a p e jdu n c t i o ni n t h e a c e t a b u L af or s s a
* * + T h eo s s i f i c a t i ocne n t r ei n t h e h e a do f t h e f e m u r d o e sn o t a o p e a r
b e f o r et h e t h i r d t o f i f t h m o n t h o f [ i f e
+ A t t h i s a g e , b o t h g r e a t e rt r o c h a n t e r so n L yb e c o m ea p p a r e n ta s s m a t I
p r o t u b e r a n c eosf t h e b o n eo f t h e d i a p h y s i s
Os ilium
Vertebrae sacrales
Trochantermajor +
Symphysis pubica
Os pubis
Foramen obturatum
Os ischii
Trochanterminor +
Femur, Diaphysis
Fig."1210 Petvis,PeLvis,
and femur, Femur;
A P - r a d i o g r a pohf a 1 2 - m o n t h - o Lbdo y
*
0 s s e o u sr o o fo f t h e a c e t a b u L u m
** Y-shaped
j u n c t i o ni n t h e a c e t a b u L af or s s a
* * * O s s i f i c a t l ocne n t r ei n t h e e p i p h y s i os f t h e h e a do f t h e f e m u r
+ A t t h i s a g e ,b o t hg r e a t e rt r o c h a n t e r os n t yb e c o m ea p p a r e n at s s m a t t
p r o t u b e r a n c eosf t h e b o n eo f t h e d i a p h y s i s .
Hip
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Femur
Foveacapitis
femoris
Caputfemoris
Caputfemoris
Trochantermajor
Fovea capitis
femoris
Tuberculum
quadratum
Collumfemoris
Collumfemoris
Crista
intertrochanterica
Linea intertrochanterica
Trochanterminor
Trochanter
minor
(Trochanter
tertius)
Lineapectinea
Tuberositas
grurea
Corpusfemoris
Lineasupracondylaris
lateralis
Linea supracondylaris
medialis
Facies poplitea
Epicondylus
lateralis
Epicondylus
lateralis
Fig.1211 Femur,Femur;
ventraIview.
Fig. 1212 Femur,Femur;
dorsaIview.
> Lowerlimb
tt
Hip
Femur
Fossa trochanterica
Caput
femoris
Fovea
capitis
femoris
Trochanter
malor
Collumfemoris
Tuberculum
quadratum
I
Cristaintertrochanterica
Trochanter
minor
Tuberositas
grurea
Linea pectinea
Lrnea aspera,
Labium mediale
F i g . 1 2 t 3 F e m u r ,F e m u r ;
p r o x i m ae
I xtremity;
dorsaLview.
Fig. 1215 Femur, Femur;
t r a b e c u t a sr t r u c t u r eo f t h e f e m o r a Lb o n ew i t h a L a r g e
n e c k - s h a fat n g [ el c o x av a [ g a Js; e c t i o ni n t h e p [ a n eo f t h e
a n g [ eo f a n t e r i o rt o r s i o n[ 6 0 % ] .
T h e l a t e r a Ip t a t e so f t h e t r a b e c u L abro n e *[ " t e n s i Lsey s t e m " l
a r e o n L yp o o r l yd e v e l o p e dw, h e r e a st h e m e d i a Lp t a t e s * +
( " c o m p r e s s i vsey s t e m " )a r e m u c h s t r o n g e r .
v a r i a b i L i toyf t h e a n g [ eo f t h e n e c ko f t h e f e m u r ;
T h e a n g t eb e t w e e nt h e n e c ka n d t h e s h a f to f t h e f e m u r l s
r e f e r r e dt o a s n e c k - s h a fat n o t e l t i s 15 0 " i n i n f a n t sa n d a b o u t
1 2 6 "i n t h e a d u [ t .
t r a b e c u L asrt r u c t u r eo f t h e f e m o r a Ib o n ew i t h a s m a L [
n e c k - s h a fat n g L el c o x av a r a l ;s e c t i o ni n t h e p t a n eo f t h e
a n g [ eo f a n t e r i o rt o r s i o n[ 6 0 % ) .
T h e l a t e r a Ip l a t e so f t h e t r a b e c u [ a br o n e* l " t e n s i l es y s t e m " l
a r e w e t l d e v e l o p e dw, h i t et h e m e d i a Ip l a t e s* *
L e s ss t r o n g .A s a
l " c o m p r e s s i vsey s t e m ' la r e d e v e l o p e d
r e s u Lot f t h e h i g hd e m a n do f f t e x i o nt,h e c o r t e xo n t h e i n n e r
s i d eo f t h e f e m o r a In e c k i s o a r t i c u [ a r ltvh i c k .
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Caputfemoris
Foveacapitisfemoris
Trochantermajor
Fossatrochanterica
Collum femoris
Trochanter
minor
Lrnea aspera
Fig. 121,8 Femur, Femur;
v a r i a b i t i to
y f t h e a n g [ eo f a n t e r i o rt o r s i o n ;t h e p r o x i m a I
e n d o f t h e f e m u r h a s b e e np r o j e c t e do v e rt h e d i s t a Ie n d ;
o r o x i m avI i e w
T h e a n g [ eo f a n t e r i o rt o r s i o ni s a b o u t3 0 oi n i n f a n t s
a n d a b o u t1 4 oi n a d u L t s .
Corpusfemoris
Substantia
compacra
Facies poplitea
Substantia
spongrosa
Tuberculum
adductorium
Fossaintercondylaris
Epicondylus
medialis
Cavitasmedullaris
Condyluslateralis
Condylus medialis
Fig.121l Femur,Femur;
mediaIview.
Fig.121,9 Femur,Femur;
t h em i d d t eo f t h es h a f t ;
c r o s s - s e c t i tohnr o u g h
d i s t avI i e w .
> Lowertimb
M us c tes
Hipjoint
l\il rectus femoris, Tendo
Membranaobturatoria
Trochanter
minor
F i g . 1 2 5 0 H i pj o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e ;
v e n t r o d i s t avIi e w .
Lig sacrospinale
caPutrellexumJ
M. rectus
femoris'Tendo
caputrectum J
Lig iliofemorale
Lig sacrotuberale
Collum femoris
Lig ischiofemorale
Trochanter major
Trochanter
minor
glutea
Tuberositas
T o p o g r a p h yI S e c t i o n s
Thigh
Knee
LeE
Font
Hipjoint
Caputrectum
l\4 rectus
temoris,
Tendo
Lig iliolemorale
Labrum acetabuli
Lig capitis
femoris
Caputreflexum
Canalisobturatorius
Os pubis,
Faciessymphysialis
Caput femoris
Lig pubofemorale
Lig capitis femoris
N4embranaobturatoria
Trochanter
minor
F i g . 1 2 5 2 H i pj o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oc o x a e ;
t h e a r t i c u t a rc a p s u t eh a s b e e no p e n e da n d t h e
h e a do f t h e f e m u r h a s b e e np a r t l ye x a r t i c u L a t e d ;
[aterodistaLview.
Facies lunata
Fossa acetabuli
Lig capitis femoris
F i 9 . 1 2 5 3 H i pj o i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i oc o x a e ;
a s p e c to f t h e a c e t a b u [ u ma f t e r r e m o v a o
I f thearticuLar
c a p s u L ae n d e x a r t i c u l a t i oonf t h e h e a do f t h e f e m u r .
IaterodistaLview.
Canalis obturatorius
Lig transversum
acetabuli
Lig ischiofemorale;
Capsula adicularis
Facies lunata
Cavitas articularis
M gluteus medius
Caputfemoris
Fossa acetabuli
s inimus
M g l u t e um
Lig capitis femoris
Zonaorbicularis
Fovea capitis femoris
Fossatrochanterica
M obturatorius
internus
Trochanter
major
Collum femoris
M gluteusmaximus,
Tendo*
Laorum
acetabuli
Bursatrochanterica
musculi
gluteimaximi
Bursa lrochantericamusculi
glulei medii
M obturatorius
externus
Tractus iliotibialis
M iliopsoas,
Tendo
Trochanter
minor
M vastuslateralis
v e r t i c a sI e c t i o na t t h e p l a n eo f t h e a n g L eo f a n t e t o r s i o n
* R a d i a t i o innst ot h ei t i o t i b i tarIa c t
> Lowertimb
$ur{ace
lSkeletonl
Hipjoint, radiography
Corpusossisilium
Fossa acetabuli
Caput femoris
Fovea capitis fgmoris
C o l l u mf e m o r i s
Trochantermajor
Foramenobturatum
Tuberischiadicum
Femur,Corpus
F i g . 1 2 5 5 H i pj o i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i oc o x a e ;
A P - r a d i o g r a p uh p; r i g h p
t osition
o n b o t h[ e g s
Trochanter
minor
* C [ i n i c atIe r m : a c e t a b u l arro o f= t a n g e n t i apI r o j e c t i o o
n f t h e [ u n a t es u r f a c e
* x C t i n i c atIe r m : e d g eo f t h e a c e t a b u t arro o f= t h e m o s t l a t e r a Ip r o j e c t i o n
of theacetabu[um
* * * C L i n i c at eI r m : K O H L E Rt 'esa r d r o p= p r o j e c t i o o
n f t h e a c e t a b u t af ro s s a
Os ilium
lncisura ischiadica
maJor
Cavitasarticularis*
Caputfemoris
Trochanter
major
Spina ischiadica
Incisuraischiadica
mrnor
Foramen
obturatum
Trochanterminor
F i g . 1 2 5 6 H i pj o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t rcoo x a e ;
n i t ht h e t h i g ha b d u c t e d
A P - r a d i o g r a pshu; p i n ep o s i t r ow
a n d f l e x e dI s o - c a L L eLdA U E N S T EoIrNo i e c t i o n ]
Tuberischiadicum
* D u et o m i n i m a Ia b s o r p t i o n
o l X - r a y sb y c a r t i t a g e t, h e a r t i c u L a rc t e f t
a p p e a r sa b n o r m a t l yb r o a d
Musctes
To poE r a p h y
Thigh
Knee
LeE
Fsot
Femur
Epicondyluslateralis
Condylus lateralis
Sulcus popliteus
distaLextremity;
[ateraLview.
Epicondylusmedialis
Epicondylus
lateralis
Condylus medialis
Condylus
lateralis
F i g . 1 2 5 8 F e m u r ,F e m u r ;
d i s t a Ie x t r e m i t y ;
distaLview.
Cavitasmedullaris
Substantiaspongiosa
Linea epiphysialis
EpicondylusIateralis
Epicondylusmedialis
Sulcus popliteus
Condylus lateralis
Condylus medialis
(Cartilagoarticularis)
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e d i s t a Ip a r t ;
> Lowertimb
Muscl.es
Tibia
Facies
articularis
supenor
Tuberculum
intercondylare
laterale
Area intercondylarisanterior
intercondylaremediale
Facies articularis
supeflor
Condylus
medialis
Condylus
lateralis
Facies
articularis
fibularis
Eminentia
intercondylaris
Area
intercondylaris
posleflor
Tuberositas
tibiae
Ltnea
muscutl
solei
Corpus tibiae
Margoanterior
Foramen
nutricium
l\4argomedialis
Facies lateralis
Facies
lateralis
Facies
posteflor
Faciesposterior
Facies medialis
Corpus tibiae
Sulcus
malleolaris
Incrsura
fibularis
Facies articularisin{erior
tnctsura
fibularis
Faciesarticularis
inferior
Facies articularismalleoli
Facies articularis
inlerior
F i g . 1 2 6 0 T i b i a ,T i b i a ;
Facies articularismalleoli
medialis
ma
F i q . 1 2 6 1 T i b i a ,T i b i a ;
Lateratview.
F i g . 1 2 6 2 T i b i a ,T i b i a ;
d o r s a Iv i e w
Tuberositastibiae
Areaintercondylaris
anterior
Tuberculumintercondylarelaterale
Condyluslateralis"
Condylus medialis.
Caputfibulae
Articulatio
tibiofibularis
Tuberculumintercondylaremediale
Area intercondvlarisoosterior
F i g . 1 2 6 3 T i b i a ,T i b i a ,a n d f i b u t a ,F i b u t a ;
p r o x i m avI i e w .
* Theartrcutar
surfaces
of thecondyles
together
are
referred
to as suoeriorarlicutarsurface
To p o g r a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Tibiaand fibula
Apex capitis
fibulae
Apex
capitis
tibulae
Facies articularis
capitis fibulae
Caput
fibulae
Caput fibulae
Collum fibulae
Crista medialis
Margo
posterior
l/argo anterior
Margo
Inlerosseus
Foramennutricium
Facies
medialis
Corpusfibulae
Facies
lateralis
Margo
anlerior
Facies posterior
Facies
articularis
malleoli
lateralis
Sulcus
malleolaris
F i g .1 2 6 t + F i b u t a F
, ibuta;
medialview
lvlalleolus
lateralis
F i g . 1 2 6 5 F i b u L aF, i b u L a ;
[ a t e r a vt i e w .
F i 1 . 1 2 6 6 T i b i a ,T i b i a ,a n d
f i b u l . aF, i b u L a ;
dorsaLview.
Facieslateralis
Margoanterior
Faciesmedialis
Corpustibiae
lvlargoanterior
Facies lateralis
Facies medialis
Corpusfibulae
Margointerosseus
Facies poslerior
Crista medialis
F i g . 1 2 6 7 T i b i a ,T i b i a ,a n d f i b u L aF, i b u L a ;
c r o s s - s e c t i ow
n i t h t h e i n t e r o s s e o um
s e m b r a n eo f l e g ;
distaIview.
* 0 p e n i nfgo rt h ea n t e r i ot ri b i aaI r t e r y
> Lowerlimb
M us c [es
Patellaand kneejoint
Facies articularis
Facies anterior
Fig. 1269 Patelta,Patelta:
Fig. 1268 Pate[La,
PateLta;
ventraIview.
Faciesanterior
Facies articularis,Cadilago articularis
Retinaculumpatellaemediale
Articulatiogenus (Articulatio
femoropatellaris)
(Plica synovialismediopatellaris)
Betinaculumpatellaelaterale
Facies patellaris,Cartilagoarticularis
Epicondylus
lateralis
M biceps femoris
Tendo
M sartorius,
M gastrocnemius,
Caput laterale
V saphena magna
A poplitea
V poplitea
M gracilis,Tendo
1 N l i b u l a r icso m m u n i/s
N ischiadicus
{
N .t i b i a l i s
\
M semimembranosus,Tendo
Tendo
M. semitendinosus,
V saphenaparva
M gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
F i g . 1 2 7 0 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t igoe n u s ;
c r o s s - s e c t ino.
* M e d i abl o r d efra c e t
To p o g r a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Kneejoint
genus
M articularis
Facies patellaris
M quadriceps
femoris,Tendo
Plica synovialis
infrapatellaris
M. quadriceps
femoris
Condylus
lateralis
Lig
collaterale
fibulare
Betinaculum
patellae
laterale
Corpus
adiposum
intrapatellare
Betinaculum
patellae
mediale
Capsula
articularis
Lt9
collaterale
tibiale
Lig patellae
Caput fibulae
Tuberositas
tibiae
F i g . 1 2 7 1 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i og e n u s ;
i n t a c ta r t i c u t a rc a p s u t e :
ventraIview.
F i g . 1 2 7 2 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i og e n u s ;
t h e a n t e r i o rp a r t o f t h e a r t i c u [ a rc a p s u t eh a s
of
b e e nr e f[ e c t e dd o w n w a r d sa f t e r d i s s e c t i o n
s uscte;
the quadricepm
t h e s u p r a p a t e t l abr u r s ah a s b e e no p e n e d ;
ventraIview.
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Kneejoint
Faciespatellaris
**
posterius
Lig cruciatum
Condylusmedialis
Condylus
lateralis
Meniscus
medialis
l\4eniscus
lateralis
*
Lig cruciatum
anterius
Lig,capitisfibulaeanterius
genus
Lrg transversum
Caput fibulae
Tuberositas
tibiae
F i g . 1 2 7 3 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i og e n u s ;
i n 9 0 of L e x i o n ; t h ae r t i c u t a rc a p s u L a
en dt h e [ a t e r a L
t i g a m e n t sh a v eb e e nr e m o v e d ;
ventraLview.
* C l i n i c a l t e r mA; C L { = a n t e r i o rc r u c i a t et i g a m e n t l
* * C t i n i c a l t e r mP: C Ll = p o s t e r i o cr r u c i a t et i g a m e n t )
M. adductormagnus,Tendo
M plantaris
lV.gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
Lig popliteum
obliquum
M gastrocnemius,
Caputlaterale
Lig, collateralefibulare
Lig popliteumarcuatum
Lig collateraletibiale
M biceps femoris,
Tendo
M popliteus
F i g . 1 2 7 1 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t igoe n u s :
i n t a c ta r t i c u L acr a p s u t ew i t h m u s c u t a ro r i g i n s ;
dorsaIview.
To p o g r a p h yI S e cti o n s
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Kneejoint
lvl adductormagnus,
Tendo
l/ gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale,
Tendo
M gastrocnemius,
Tendo
Caputlaterale,
Femur, Condylus medialis
Lig cruciatum
anterius
Lig meniscofemoraleposterius
Femur,Condyluslateralis
M popliteus,
Tendo
l\il semimembranosus,Tendo
Meniscus
lateralis
fibulare
Lig collaterale
L r g p o p l i t e u mo b l i q u u m
Tibia,Condyluslateralis
posterius
Lig cruciatum
Lig capitisfibulaeposterius
Caputlibulae
M popliteus,
Aponeurosis
M popliteus
e x p o s u r eo f t h e c r u c i a t eL i g a m e n tasn d t h e m e n i s c i ;
d o r s a Lv i e w
lvl quadricepsfemoris,
Tendo
Femur
Lig patellae
l\4eniscusmedialis
Tuberositas
tibiae
F i g . 1 2 1 6 T i b i a lc o L [ a t e r aI iLg a m e n t L, i g .c o [ [ a t e r a ttei b i a [ e ;
k n e ei n e x t e n d e p
do s i t i o n :
mediatview
0 n L yt h e p o s t e r i o rf i b r e so f t h e t i b i a L c o t [ a t e r Iai L
gamena
t re
attached
t o t h e m e d i a Im e n i s c u s
F i g . 1 2 7 7 T i b i a Lc o t l a t e r aLI i g a m e n tL, i g .c o l t a t e r a t tei b i a [ e ;
p o s i t i o n[ 9 0 ' ] ;
k n e ei n f L e x e d
m e d i a Iv i e w
I n t h e c o u r s eo f f t e x i o nt,h e p o s t e r i o ra n d p r o x i m a fI i b r e so f t h e
t i b i a Ic o t L a t e r at iLg a m e n tb e c o m et w i s t e d t, h e r e b ys t a b i L i z i n g
meniscus.
themediaL
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Kneejoint
Bursasuprapatellaris
l\4 quadricepsfemoris,Tendo
Bursa subfascialisoreoatellaris
Lig collaterale
fibulare
Lig patellae
l\4eniscus
lateralis
l\il popliteus, Tendo
profunda
Bursainfrapatellaris
Lig popliteum
arcuatum
M biceps femoris,Tendo
s y n o v i am
L e m b r a n et i g h t t yf i l . l . eadf t e r i n j e c t i o no f p t a s t i cm a t e r i a L ;
LateraIview.
S u b p o p t i t e ar e
L c e s sn o t s h o w nI c o m p ar e F i g . 1 2 7 9 ) .
M. adductormagnus,Tendo
posterius
Lig cruciatum
posterius
Lig meniscofemorale
M gastrocnemius,
Caputlaterale
Lig collateralefibulare**
Lig collateraletibiale*
Meniscus
lateralis
M. semimembranosus,Tendo
lvl popliteus,
Tendo
Meniscus medialis
Lig popliteumobliquum
s y n o v i am
L e m b r a n et h i g h t t yf i L t e da f t e r i n j e c t i o no f p L a s t i m
c ateriat;
d o r s a Iv i e w
* C t i n i c at eI r m :M C Ll = m e d i act o l t a t e r L
a iIg a m e n t l
* +C t i n i c at eI r m :L C L[ =L a t e r ac Io [ [ a t e rlai q[ a m e n t ]
M bicepsfemoris,Tendo
Lig.popliteum
arcuatum
Topography
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Lig. patellae
profunda
Bursainfrapatellaris
Lig.cruciatumanterius
Lig.transversum
genus
A. mediagenus,
(R. anterior)
Meniscus
medialis
A. mediagenus,
(R. posterio0
M. popliteus,
Tendo
Lig.cruciatum
anterius
Meniscus
lateralis
Lig.cruciatumposterius
A. poplitea
Lig.cruciatumposterius
Lig. collaterale
fibulare
A. inferiorlateralisgenus
, r t i c u t a t igoe n u s ,
F i g .1 2 8 0 M e n i s coif t h ek n e ej o i n t A
a n dc r u c i a t [ei g a m e n t L
s ,i g g c. r u c i a t a ;
oroximaI
view.
genus;
Fi1.1281 Menisciof the kneejoint,Articutatio
a r t e r i asI u p p t y ;
view.
oroximaI
F i g . 1 2 8 2 a , b D i s p t a c e m e notf t h e m e n i s c id u r i n gf t e x i o n ;
lateraIview.
a Extendedposition
b Ftexedposition
F i g .1 2 8 3 D i s p t a c e m eonf t h em e n i s cdi u r i n gf l e x i o n ;
proximaI
view.
posteriorty
overthe
bothmenisciaredisp[aced
In f Lexion,
of the lateraI
Thegreatermobil.ity
edgesof thetibial.condyles.
for its lesserrisk of damage.
accounts
meniscus
> Lowertimb
Kneejoint,sections
M vastuslateralis
Epicondylusmedialis
Lig cruciatumposterius
Lig cruciatum
anterius
M popliteus,
Tendo
lvleniscusmedialis
Capsulaarticularis
Tibia, Condylus medialis
Meniscus
lateralis
Tibia,Condyluslateralis
Eminentia
intercondylaris
M soleus
M tibialisanterior
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n
Bursasuprapatellaris
M quadricepsfemoris, Tendo
Femur, Facies patellaris
Corpusadiposum
infrapatellare
lvleniscus
lateralis,
(Cornuanterius)
Capsulaarticularis,
Lig popliteum
arcuatum
(Cornuposterius)
Meniscus
lateralis,
Lig patellae
l\4 popliteus,
Tendo
Recessus
subpopliteus
Tibia, Condylus lateralis
Lig capitisfibulaeposterius
Articulatio
tibiofibularis
M tibialisanterior
M soleus
F i 9 . 1 2 8 5 K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t igoe n u s ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e [ a t e r a Lp a r t o f t h e j o i n t
To p o g r a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Kneejoint, radi ography
Corpusfemoris
Basis patellae
medialis
Epicondylus
Fossa intercondylaris
Apexpatellae
Sulcus popliteus
Femur, Condylus lateralis
Femur,Condylusmedialis
Tibia, Condylus lateralis
Tibia,Condylusmedialis
Tuberculum
mediale
intercondylare
Apex capitis fibulae
Eminentia
intercondylaris
Tuberculum
intercondylare
laterale
Articulatiotibiofibularis
Lineaepiphysialis
Caput fibulae
Corpusfibulae
Corpustibiae
h i t h t h e c e n t r a Ib e a md i r e c t e do n t o
t h e m i d d t eo f t h e j o i n t ;s u b j e c rt e c L i n e d .
Corpusfemoris
Patella,Facies articularis
Facies poplitea
Apex patellae
Fossa intercondylaris
Eminentiaintercondylaris
Linea epiphysialis
Apex capitislibulae
Tuberositastibiae
Articulatiotibiofibularis
Caput fibulae
Corpustibiae
Corpus libulae
[ a t e r a Lr a d i o g r a p h
w i t h t h e c e n t r a Lb e a md i r e c t e do n t o
t h e m i d d L eo f t h e j o i n t ;s u b j e c tr e c t i n e d
> Lowertimb
M us e[es
Kneejoi nt,arthroscopy
Patella,Facies
articularis*
'1
2
3
4
5
6
7
**
suprapatellaris
Arthroscope
Inlet or outlet for the rinsinqfluid
Cold light source
Ocular or connectorfor the video system
Anterolateralaccess
Anteromedialaccess
Additionalinstrument
Femur. Facies oatellaris
F i g . 1 2 8 9a - c K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t igoe n u s ;
a rth roscopy
a DistaL
v i e w i n t ot h e f e m o r o p a t e I Ljaori n t
* P a t e L t raor o fr i d g er:i d g eb e t w e etnh em e d i aaI n d
l^+^-^l
F i g . 1 2 8 8 A c c e s s e sf o r a r t h r o s c o p y
^-+;-.,1^- -,,-t^^^^
* * C [ i n i c atIe r m : s u o r a o a t e t t ar e
r cess
M e d i a tv i e wo f t h e f r e e i n n e re d g eo f t h e L a t e r a L
mentScuS;
r e t r a c t o r[ * l s t i g h t Ldy e p r e s s i n tgh e a n t e r i o rp a r t o f t n e
menrscus
A n t e r o L a t e r vaiIe w o f t h e d i s t a Lo a r t o f t h e a n t e r i o rc r u c i a t e
t i g a m e n tL, i g .c r u c i a t u ma n t e r i u s
T h e l i g a m e n ti s c o v e r e db y a r i c h L yv a s c u L a r i z esdy n o v i a I
m e m b r a n e l t i s d r a w n m e d i a t Lbyy a r e t r a c t o r[ + )
Topography
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Fnnt
Kneejoint, imaging
l\il vastus lateralis
Condylus
lateralis
Fossa
intercondylaris
Capsula
articularis;
M gastrocnemius,
Tendo
Femur,
Condylus
medialis
Lig
collaterale
tibiale
l\4eniscus
lateralis,(Cornu
l\ileniscus
medialis
Caput
fibulae
M popliteus,
Tendo
Adiculatio
tibiofibularis
Tibia,
Condylus
medialis
Tibia
infrapatellare
Corpusadiposum
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n cteo m o g r a p h ii cm a g eI M R l l ;
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e [ a t e r a Ip a r t o f t h e j o i n t ;
k n e ei n t h e e x t e n d e dp o s i t i o n .
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n ;
k n e ei n t h e e x t e n d e dp o s i t i o n .
I n t h i s i m a g i n gt e c h n i q u ec,o m p a c bt o n ea p p e a r sb L a c k
Capsula
articularis,
Lig popliteum
obliquum
Lig cruciatum
anterius
Lig cruciatum
posterius
Area
intercondylaris
anterior
Fossa
intercondylaris
Capsula
articularis,
Lig popliteum
obliquum
Lig cruciatum
posterius*
Area
intercondylaris
posterior
Tibia
F i g . 1 2 9 2a , b K n e ej o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i og e n u s ;
the cruciate
s a g i t t a sI e c t i o n st o d e m o n s t r a t e
[rgaments;
k n e ei n t h e e x t e n d e do o s i t i o n
a A n t e r i o rc r u c i a t eL i g a m e n tL, i g c r u c i a t u ma n t e r i u s I, A C L ]
b P o s t e r i o cr r u c i a t et i g a m e n t L, i g .c r u c i a t u mp o s t e r i u sI,P C L )
T h ei n h o m o g e n ei si tdyu et o o b l i q u see c t i o n i nogf t h ef i b r eb u n d l e s
> Lowertimb
Jointsof thebonesof the leq
Articulatio
tibiofibularis,
Lig.capitisfibulaeanterius
Tuberositas
tibiae
Membranainterosseacruris
Malleolusmedialis
Malleoluslateralis
Syndesmosls
tibiofibularis,
Lig tibiolibulare
anterius
F i g . 1 2 9 3 J o i n t so f t h e b o n e so f t h e L e g ;
ventralview.
Faciesarticularis
inferior
Facies articularismalleolimedialis
Malleoluslateralis
Facies articularismalleolilateralis
Malleolusmedialis
F i g . 1 2 9 1 T i b i a ,T i b i a ,a n d f i b u l . aF, i b u l . a ;
distaIview.
To pogn a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
of thefoot
Skeleton
Phalanx distalis
Fi1.1295 Skeletono f t h e f o o t ,O s s ap e d i s ;
proximaIview.
Phalanx proximalis
Caputphalangis
Corpusphalangis
Caputossismetatarsi
Basisphalangis
Corpusossismetatarsi
Basisossismetatarsi
Os cuneiforme
mediale
Os cuneiforme
I HalluxlDigitusprimus]
ll Digitussecundus
lll Digitustertius
lV Digitusquartus
V Digitusminimus[quintus]
Os cuneiforme
intermedium
ossis
Tuberositas
quinti
metatarsi
Os cuboideum
Os naviculare
Caputtali
Calcaneus
Tuberositasphalangisdistalis
Proc lateralistali
Trochleatali
Caput phalangis l-lll
Calcaneus
Phalanx distalis
Phalanx media
Phalanx proximalis
Basis phalangis l-lll
Ossa sesamoidea
Ossametatarsil-V
Basisossis
metatarsi
lll-V
Tuberositas
ossis
quinti
metatarsi
Tuberositas
ossis
primi
metatarsi
Os cuneiformemediale
Os cuneiformeintermedium
Os cuneiformelaterale
s usculi
S u l c u st e n d i n im
f i b u l a r il so n g i
Tuberositas
ossis
cuboidei
Calcaneus
Tuberositasossis navicularis
Caputtali
Talus
tali
Sustentaculum
o f t h e f o o t ,O s s ap e d i s ;
Fig. 1296 SkeLeton
p [ a n t a rv r e w .
> Lowertimb
MuscN.es
Skeletonof the foot
Caput tali
Collum tali
Facies malleolaris
medialis
Corpustali
Proc posterior
tali,Tuberculum
mediale
Sustentaculum
tali
Phalanx proximalis
Phalanx media
Phalanx distalis
Tuberositas
metatarsiV
Ossasesamoidea
medialeet laterale
Basisossis
metatarsi
hallucis
Os cuboideum,
Tuberositas
ossiscuboidei
F i g . 1 2 9 7 S k e t e t o no f t h e f o o t ,O s s ap e d i s ;
mediatview
Ossatarsi
Articulatiotarsi transversa*
navtcutare
Os cuneiforme
intermedium
Os cuneiforme
laterale
Articulationes
tarsometatarsales**
Ossa metatarsi
Ossa digitorum IPhalanges]
Calcaneus
Trochlea
Tuber calcanei
Sinustarsi
Articulatiotarsi
transversa*
O sc u b o i d e u m
Tuberositas
ossis
metatarsiV
Articulationes
tarsometatarsales**
F i g . 1 2 9 8 S k e L e t oonf t h e f o o t ,O s s ap e d i s ;
[ateraIview.
* A t s oc: H o P A RjTo'isn t
+ +A t s o L: | S F R A Nj oCi'nst
Caputossismetatarsi
V
Topogr a p h y
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot
Talusand calcaneus
Caputtali
Faciesarticularis
navicularis
Caput tali
Collumtali
Proc lateralis
tali
Facies
malleolaris
medialis
C o l l u mt a l i
sulcustali
Facies
malleolaris
lateralis
Corpustali
Corpustali
Proc lateralis
tali
Proc.posterior
tal
Tuberculum
medial
Sulcustendinis
Trochleatali,
Facies superior
I
I
./
Sulcustendinis
musculiflexoris
hallucislongi
Facies articularis
calcanea posterior
Proc posterior
tali,
Tuberculum
laterale
hallucislongi
Proc posterior
tali
F i g . 1 3 0 0 T a L u sT,a L u s ;
p [ a n t avri e w .
Fig.1299 Tatus,Tatus;
p r o x i m avIi e w .
Sustentaculum
tali
Faciesarticularistalarisposterior
Facies articularistalaris media
Faciesarticularis
talarisanterior
Sulcustendinismusculi
flexorishallucislongi
Facies articulariscuboidea
Proc. medialistuberis calcanei
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 0 1 C a l c a n e u sC, a L c a n e u s ;
medialview.
Faciesarticularis
talarisoosterior
Trochleafibularis
talarisanterior
Faciesarticularis
Sulcuscalcanei
Faciesarticularis
cuboidea
fibularislongi
Tuber calcanei
Proc lateralistuberis calcanei
F i g . 1 3 0 2 C a L c a n e uC
s ,a l c a n e u s ;
lateraIview.
> Lowertimb
MurscLes
Tarsalbones
Os metatarsi
ll
Os metatarsilll
Os metatarsiI
Os metatarsilV
Caputossis
metatarsi
US
Corpusossis
metatarsi
Os cuneiformemediale
metatarsi
V
I
s ossrs
rtarsi
)rositas
metatarsi
Os cuneiforme
laterale
ti
S u l cu us st e n d i n i s
musculi
iculifibulari
fibularis
Os naviculare
Tuberositas
erositasos!
ossi
cuboidei
oidei
Tuberositas
ossisnavicularis
S
rboideum*
Facies articularisnavicularis
Caput tali
(Facies al
articularis
catcanea)
Collum tali
Facies malleolarismedialis
Facies articulariscuboidea
Faciesarticularis
talaris
anterior
Trochleatali
Facies malleolarislateralis
Proc lateralistali
Proc
postenor
tali
Sulcus calcanei
Tuberculum
mediale
Tuberculum
laterale
Facies articularistalaris
posterior
Calcaneus
Sustentaculum
tali
Sulcustendinismusculiflexorishallucislonoi
Proc. lateralis )
tuberis calcanei I r,,xo.
Proc.medialisI iir"""."i
tuberis calcanei/
F i g . 1 3 0 3 T a r s a bI o n e s , O s staa r s i ,
a n d m e t a t a r s abI o n e s ,O s s am e t a t a r s i ;
proximaLview.
* T h ec u b o i b
d o n ei s s h o w ni n a m e d i a I v i e w
To p o g r a p h y
Knee
Leg
Foot
Ossacuneiformia
Os naviculare
Os cuboideum
Os cuboideum
Calcaneus
Fig. 1304a, b Skeletonof the foot, Ossapedis;
structurao
I rganisation.
a ProximaIview
b P L a n t avr i e w
T h e h e a d so f a [ [ m e t a t a r s abl o n e sL i ei n t h e p t a n t a rp l a n e .T h e
r o n ea n d t h e t a l u s r e s t u p o nt h e
c u n e i f o r mb o n e s t, h e n a v i c u l a b
[ateraIparts of the sketeton,especiat[yin the posteriorpart of
the foot.The talus is thereforesituatedabovethe calcaneusand
t h e L o n g i t u d i n a rI c h i s f o r m e d .
T h ew e d g e - s h a p ecdr o s s - s e c t i oonf t h e c u n e i f o r mb o n e sa n d
t h e b a s e so f t h e m e t a t a r s abI o n e sc o n t r i b u t et o t h e f o r m a t i o n
of the transversevau[t.
Os naviculare
Ossacuneiformia
Os metatarsill
Os metatarsiI
Calcaneus
Aponeurosisplantaris
F i g . 1 3 0 5 S u p p o r t i n gs t r u c t u r e so f t h e m e d i a la r c h o f t h e
t o n g i t u d i n avta u t to f t h e f o o t ;
M. abductorhallucis,
Fascia
Lig.plantare
longum
Lig. calcaneonaviculare
plantare
are mostlydirectedin
The ligamentsshown in this itl.ustration
t h e t o n g i t u d i n aaIx i so f t h e f o o t a n d s u p p o r tp a s s i v e ttyh e
t o n g i t u d i n a L v a uotftt h e f o o t .T h e s h o r t m u s c t e so f t h e f o o t
p r i m a r i t ys u p p o r t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n .
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Jointsof the foot
ParstibiotalarisDosterior
Pars tibionavicularis
M tibialisposterior,Tendo
M tibialisanterior,
Tendo
posterius
Lig tibiolibulare
Tuber calcanei
Ligg tarsometatarsalia
plantaria
Sulcus tendinis
musculi libularis longi
Lig calcaneonaviculareplantare
Lig plantare longum
F i g . 1 3 0 6 J o i n t so f t h e f o o t ,A r t i c u L a t i o n epse d i s ;
L i g a m e n tasn d t e n d o n s ;
m e d i a tv i e w
Lig tibiofibulare
anterius
Lig talofibulareanterius
Lig talocalcaneum
interosseum
L4alleoluslateralis
Lio. cuboideonavicularedorsale
Ligg cuneonaviculariadorsalia
Ligg metatarsaliadorsalia
Lig calcaneofibulare
Tendo
calcaneus'
Ligg metatarsalia
transversa
profunda
Lig plantare longum
Lig calcaneonavtcurare
Lig calcaneocuboideum
Ligg tarsometatarsalia dorsalia
M libularisIperoneus]
brevis,Tendo
Lig bifurcatum
F i g . 1 3 0 7 J o i n t so f t h e f o o t ,A r t i c u t a t i o n epse d i s ;
L i g a m e n tasn d t e n d o n s ;
Lateratview.
* ALso:
Achitles
tendon
Topog r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
Thigh
Knee
LeE
Foot
Anklejoint
Lig tibiolibulareposterius
posterius
Lig talofibulare
l\4alleolusmedialis
Lig collateralemediale, Pars tibiotalarisposterior
Malleoluslateralis
Lig collateralemediale, Pars tibiocalcanea
posterius
Lig talocalcaneum
Talus
Lig calcaneolibulare
Lig talocalcaneummediale
Tendo calcaneus"
Calcaneus
Tuber calcanei
l i g a m e n t sa n d t e n d o n so f t h e p o s t e r i o rp a r t o f t h e f o o t
* A l s oA
: c h i [ [ et se n d o n
Fibula
Membrana
interossea
cruris
Facies articularisinferior
Lig tibiofibulare
anterius
Facies articularismalleolimedialis
Malleolusmedialis
Facies articularismalleoli lateralis
Sulcus malleolaris
Malleoluslateralis
Plica synovialis
Lig tibiofibulareposterius
F i g . 1 3 0 9 A n k t ej o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t itoa t o c r u r a [ i s ;
p r o x i m aa
L r t i c u t a rs u r f a c e s ;
distaLview.
> Lowertimb
$urfaee
lSkeletonl
Musci.es
Hip
Joints of the foot
p t a n t a rv i e w .
* W i t ht h el o n gp t a n t aLr i g a m etnhteg r o o vfeo rt h et e n d o n
o f t h ef i b u [ a r i[so n g u m
s uscte
i s e n c t o s ei n
da c a n a L
Ligg collateralia
Ligg plantaria
Lig metatarsale
transversum
profundum
Basisossismetatarsi
I
plantaria
Ligg tarsometatarsalia
Os cuneiforme mediale
Tuberositas
ossis
quinti
metatarsi
Ligg cuneonaviculariaplantaria
S u l c u st e n d i n im
s usculi
fibularis
longi*
lperonei]
L'V
P'ar r(are
longum
L'V
Lig cuboideonaviculareplantare
Tuberositasossis navicularis
vo,Lorrvu-
cuboideum plantare
Lig calcaneonaviculareplantare
Lrg
calcaneofibulare
Lrg plantare
rongum
Sustentaculum
tali
Lig collateralemediale,
Pars tibiocalcanea
Proc medialis
tuberis calcanei
Articulationesmetatarsophalangeae
Os sesamoideum
Tuber calcanei
Lig metatarsale
transversumprofundum
M fibularis
longus,
[peroneus]
Tendo
Ligg metatarsalia
Prar
Ligg tarsometatarsaliaplantaria
rLdr ra
lV1tibialisanterior,
Tendo
Ligg tarsi
plantaria
fibularis[peroneus]
brevis,Tendo
Lig cuboideonaviculareplantare
Tuberositas
ossis
cuboidei
M tibialisposterior,
Tendo
Lig calcaneonaviculare
plantare
F i g . 1 3 1 1 J o i n t so f t h e f o o t ,A r t i c u l a t i o n eps e d i s :
L i g a m e n tasn d t e n d o n so f t h e t a r s u sa n d m e t a t a r s u s ,
p L a n t avr i e w .
Lrg calcaneocuboideum
plantare
Tuber calcanei
Topng r a p h y
Thigh
Knee
LeE
Foot
joint
Talotorsal
Ligg tarsometatarsaliadorsalia
Os metatarsi ll
Os metatarsi lV
V
Os metatarsi
Os metatarsiI
Ligg intercuneiformia
dorsalia
quinti
ossismetatarsi
Tuberositas
dorsale
Lig cuneocuboideum
Ligg cuneonavicularia
dorsalia
Os cuboideum
Lig calcaneonavicutare
I r.o bifurcatum
Lig.calcaneocuboideum
l
Os naviculare
M fibularis[peroneus]brevis,Tendo
plantare
Facies articularis
talaris anterior
Lig talofibulare
anterius
Lig talocalcaneuminterosseum
Facies articularistalaris posterior
Ltg
deltoideum
Lig calcaneofibulare
Calcaneus
F i g .1 3 1 3 T a t o t a r s a t j o i n t ,
Articu[atio ta lotarsaIis;
p r o x i m aa
I r t i c u L asr u r f a c e s ;
d i s t a Lv i e w .
Fig. 1312 TalotarsaIjoint,
A r t i c u t a t i ot a l o t a r s a [ i s ;
d i s t a La r t i c u t a rs u r f a c e s ;
proximaLview.
(Faciesarticularis
talaris)
Os naviculare
Lig cuboideonavicularedorsale
Facies articularistalaris posterior
Lrg talocalcaneumInterosseum
Lig calcaneocuboideum
F i g . 1 3 1 t , T a l o t a r s aj o
I i n t ,A r t i c u L a t itoa t o t a r s a L i s ;
t h e t a t u sa n d t h e l a t e r a IL i g a m e n ths a v eb e e nr e m o v e d ;
l a t e r a Iv i e w .
T h e t w o a r r o w sp o i n to u t t h e h e I i c a dL i s t o r s i o no f t h e
t a L o c a L c a n ei natIe r o s s e o u[si o a m e n t .
I
lio oitr,"ut*
T i g h t c o n n e c t i v et i s s u el a y e rb e t w e e nt h e p t a n t a rc a t c a n e o n a v l c u L a r
p ra r t o f t h e d e t t o i dt i g a m e n It i m i t i n g
t i g a m e n at n d t h e t i b i o n a v t c u [ a
gf this
a m e d i a L tdyi r e c t e dg t i d i n go f t h e h e a do f t h e t a l u s ;s l a c k e n i n o
, e sv a L g u s l
l a y e rr e s u [ t si n f t a t t e n i n go f t h e t o n g i t u d i n avt a u t t I f t a t - f o o t p
> Lowertimb
M us c tes
Ankleand talotarsaljoint,sectlons
Metaphysis,Linea epiphysialis
Articulatio
talocruralis
Tibia, Malleolusmedialis
Nletaphysis,
Lineaepiphysialis
Lig collateralemediale,
Pars tibiocalcanea
Corpustali
Fibula, Malleoluslateralis
Vagina tendinis musculitibialis
posterioris
Lig talolibulareposterius
M flexordigitorum
longus,Tendo
Vaginatendinismusculiflexoris
digitorum
longi
Lig, calcaneofibulare
Betinaculum
musculorum
llexorum
Articulatio
subtalaris
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
superius
lperoneorum]
Lig talocalcaneum
interosseum
M fibularis[peroneusj
brevis,Tendo
V a g i n cao m m u n itse n d i n u m
musculorum
fibularium
lperoneorum]
N plantarismedialis
M libularis[peroneus]
longus,Tendo
(v plantarismedialis)
plantarismedialis
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
inferius
lperoneorum]
M abductor hallucis
Calcaneus
plantae
M quadratus
M abductordigiti minimi
(V plantaris
A; N plantaris
lateralis;
lateralis)
plantaris
Aponeurosis
M flexor digitorumbrevis
F i g .1 3 1 5 A n k L ea n dt a L o t a r s a t j o i n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i o n etsa L o c r u r a t iest t a l o t a r s a t i s :
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n .
I\4 flexor hallucislongus
l\4 extensor hallucislongus
M tricepssurae,
Tendocalcaneus
Articulatio
subtalaris
/
I
(Articulatio
talotarsalis)
./ Articulatio
|
talocalcaneonavicularis./
Os naviculare
Articulatiotarsometatarsalis
Lig talocalcaneum
Interosseum
M fibularis
longus,Tendo
[peroneus]
Os metatarsi
ll
M interosseus
dorsalisoedisI
Calcaneus
Tuber calcanei
Aponeurosisplantaris
Lig plantarelongum
plantae
M quadratus
M flexor digitorum brevis
1,4adductor hallucis,
Caput obliquum
F i g .1 3 1 6 A n k t ea n d t a t o t a r s a L j o i n t ,
A r t i c u [ a t i o n etsa [ o c r u r a L e
i st t a t o t a r s a t i s ;
crîit2l
cortinn
* F a t p a do f t h e h e e l
T* p:uqr* prhy
ThiEh f{n*e
i-e.q Foot
joint,radiography
Ankleand taLotarsal
Linea epiphysialis
Syndesmosistibiofibularis
Trochleatali
l\4alleoluslateralis
j o i n t ,A r t i c u L a tti ao L o c r u r a L i s ;
F i g .1 3 1 7 A n k L e
h i t h t h e s u b j e c tr e c L i n eadn d t h e c e n t r a Ib e a m
d i r e c t e dt a n g e n t i a L o
[ yn t ot h e t r o c h L e o
af t a I u s .
Malleolusmedialis
Talus
C l i n i c a L [ yt h, e p o s t e r i o rb o r d e ro f t h e f i b u L a rn o t c hi s a L s or e f e r r e dt o
a s t h e t h i r dm a t t e o t u s .
Fibula
Linea epiphysialis-.
Trochleatali
Malleolusmedialis
Proc posteriortali
Malleoluslateralis
Articulatiosubtalaris.
Collum tali
Sinustarsi
Sustentaculum
tali
Caput tali
Articulatio
*
talocalcaneonavicularis
Os naviculare
Tuber calcanei
F i g .1 3 1 8 A n k L ea n dt a t o t a r s a L j o i n t ,
A r t i c uL a t i o n etsa L o c r u r a t e
i st t a L o t a r sI a
is;
A P - r a d i o g r a pwhi t ht h e s u b j e c rt e c L i n eadn dt h e c e n t r a b
I eam
d i r e c t e dt a n g e n t i a [ yo n t ot h e a p e xo f t h e t r o c h L e o
af t a L u s
* D u e t o t h e i rh e I i c a dI i s t o r s i o nt h
, e j o i n t c t e f t sa r e n o t d i s p t a y e d
orthogonatty
* * O v e r [ a p p i negp i p h y s e aI it n e so f t h e t i b i aa n d f i b u t a
> Lowertimb
>>lttl
Fasciaeof thelowerlimb
Spina iliaca ------i-
anteriorsuperior
M tensorlasciae
latae
CornusuPerius
MargeI
falciformis Cornuinferius
I
Lig inguinale
Funiculus
spermaticus
Hiatussaphenus,
Fasciacribrosa
V saphena magna
Fascia lata
Patella
Retinaculum
patellaelaterale
Caput fibulae
Bursasubcutanea
prepatellaris
Lig patellae
Bursasubcutanea
infrapatellaris
Fasciacruris
Fasciacruris
Tibia,Margoanterior
Tibia, Facies medialis
M tibialisanterior,
Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
supeflus
M extensor
digitorum
longus,Tendines
Betinaculummusculorum
extensorum inferius
M extensor hallucisbrevis
M. extensor hallucislongus,
tenoo
Fascia dorsalis pedis
F i g . 1 3 1 9 F a s c i al a t a ,F a s c i al a t a ,a n d d e e pf a s c i ao f [ e g ,
F a s c i ac r u r i s .
T h e t r a n s i t i o nz o n eb e t w e e nt h e a p o n e u r o s ios f t h e e x t e r n a l
o b t i o u ea b d o m i n a m
I u s c t ea n d t h e f a s c i al a t a i s k n o w na s
i n g u i n a ILi g a m e n tT. h i s I i g a m e n te x t e n d s[ a t e r a L tfyr o m t h e
a n t e r i o rs u p e r i o ri I i a cs p i n et o i t s a t t a c h m e n ot n t h e p u b i c
t u b e r c [ em e d i a t L y .
* 0 p e n i n gi sn t h ef a s c i fao rt h ep e r f o r a t o
s insl
r i n s( D o D Dv' e
ve
Topography
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Fasciaeof the lowerlimb
(Fascia glutea)
M tensor
fasciaelatae
Sulcusglutealis
Fossapoplitea
(Fascia poplitea)
M gastrocnemius
M. gastrocnemius,
Tendo
lvlalleolusmedialis
Tendocalcaneus
F i g . 1 3 2 0 F a s c i a[ a t a ,F a s c i a[ a t a ,
a n d d e e pf a s c i ao f l e g ,F a s c i ac r u r i s .
> Lowertimb
Musclesof thelowerlimb,overview
lvl iliacus
vr irioo.o".
{,
psoas major
M pectineus
M sartorius
M adductor longus
M vastuslateralis
M gracilis
quadflceps
femoris
M rectusfemoris
M vastus medialis
M fibularis[peroneus]
longus
M gastrocnemius,
Caput mediale
M tibialisanterior
M soleus
M extensor
digitorum
longus
lvl extensor
hallucis
longus
, l+5,
> T r + 2 , f! + 4T
T l+7,Tl+8
F i g , 1 3 2 1 M u s c L eos f t h e l o w e r I i m b ,M m e x t r e m i t a t i si n f e r i o r i s ;
overvtew.
Tn pogr a p h y
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Musclesof the lowerlimb,overview
s edius
M g l u t e um
M gluteusmaximus
lvl semitendinosus
l\il biceps femoris
M semimembranosus
M gastrocnemius
Tendo calcaneus
F i g . 1 3 2 2 M u s c t e so f t h e l o w e rt i m b ,M m . e x t r e m i t a t i isn f e r i o r i s ;
overvtew.
) T 43, T I+6,Tt+9
> Lowertimb
tt
0riginsand insertionsof the musclesof the hip,the thighand the leg
lvl quadratus
lumborum
M obliouusinternus
abdominis
l\4 transversus
abdominis
M. psoasmajor
lvl,iliacus
l\4 sartorius
M obturatorius
internus
M piriformis
M rectusfemoris
Lig sacrospinale;
[4.anococcygeus
(Bursa iliopectinea)
pectineus
l\,1.
M gluteusminimus
M obturatoriusexternus
l\il vastuslateralis
l\4 adductorlongus
M adductor brevis
M iliopsoas
M gracilis
M vastus intermedius
M. vastus
medialis
M adductormagnus
M quadratus
femoris
M biceps femoris
M semimembranosus
genus
M articularis
M quadriceps
femoris
M adductormagnus
M vastus medialis
M bicepsfemoris
Lig collaterale
fibulare
patellae
Retinaculum
M sartorius
laterale
M gracilis
lvl semitendinosus
l\4 extensor digitorum
tongus
M fibularis
[peroneus]longus
Lig patellae
[/ tibialis
anterior
F i g . ' 1 3 2 3 O r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c t e sa t t h e
L o w e r[ u m b a rv e r t e b r a et,h e p e L v i b
c o n e s t, h e f e m u r a n d
I x t r e m i t i e so f t h e b o n e so f t h e [ e g ;
t h e p r o x i m ae
ventraIview.
til
To pogr a p h y
Thigh
Leg
,i]r;
Foot
r titlr
)rigins and insertionsof the musclesof the hip,the thighand the leg
abdominis
M. obliouus
externus
M. gluteusmedius
M, gluteusminimus
l\il piriformis
l\4 tensor fasciae latae
l\4 gluteusmaximus
M obturatorius
internus
M piriformis
lvl rectusfemoris
M obturatorius
externus
M gluteusmedius
l\4 gemellus
superior
l\4.gluteusminimus
M. obturatorius
internus
musculigluteimedii
Bursatrochanterica
M. levatorani
l\4 quadratusfemoris
perineiprofundus
M transversus
Bursasubculaneatrochanterica
M gluteusmaximus
Bursaischiadica
musculi
obturatorii
interni
M gemellus inferior
M, semitendinosus
M iliopsoas
M pectineus
M. adductormagnus
M adductorbrevis
M vastus medialis
M vastusintermedius
M adductorlongus
M biceps femoris
l\4 vastuslateralis
l\4 adductormagnus
Bursasubtendinea
musculigastrocnemii
medialis
M gastrocnemius
M plantaris
M semimembranosus
M sartorius
l\/ gracilis
M semitendinosus
M semimembranosus
Lig collateralefibulare
M biceps femoris
l\4,popliteus
M. soleus
musculisolei
Arcustendineus
Foramennutricium
lvl soleus
M tibialisposterior
M flexordigitorum
longus
F i g , 1 3 2 t , 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c t e sa t
c o n e s t, h e f e m u r a n d t h e p r o x i m a eI x t r e m i t i e s
t h e p e L v ib
o f t h e b o n e so f t h e [ e g ;
dorsaIview.
) T 4 3 - T4 6 , T4 9 , T5 0
> Lowertimb
>>l
Surfmce l$[ceLertnnl Muscles
Musclesof thethigh
F i g . 1 3 2 5 T e n s o rf a s c i a e
[ a t a em u s c t e ,M t e n s o r
f a s c i a eI a t a e ,a n d s a r t o r i u s
m u s c t e ,M . s a r t o r i u s .
Q u a d r i c e pfse m o r i sm u s c L eM
, . q u a d r i c e p fse m o r i s
l\il pectineus
l\4 adductorlongus
M adductor brevis
M adductor
magnus
l\4 gracilis
A d d u c t o rm u s c t e s M
. m.adductores
l I i o p s o a sm u s c t e ,M i I i o p s o a s
To p o g r a p h y
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Musclesof the thigh
psoas major
M iliopsoas
{.
(M psoasminor)
iliacus
Lig inguinale
Arcusiliopectineus
l/ iliopsoas
Lig pectineum
M tensor tasciae latae
M pectineus
M rectusfemoris
M adduclorlongus
M. sartorius
M gracilis
M vastuslateralis
M vastusmedialis
Fascia lata, Tractus iliotibialis
prepatellaris
Bursasubtendinea
Lig patellae
Caput libulae
Bursa subcutaneainfrapatellaris
%,
Fig. 1329 Musctesof the thigh and the hip;
a f t e r r e m o v a L o f t h e f a s c i a [ a t a e x c e o t f o r t h e i l i o t i b i a It r a c t .
* C o m m o ni n s e r t i o no f t h e s a r t o r i u sg, r a c i l i sa n d s e m i t e n d i n o s u s
m u s c t e sj u s t b e t o wt h e m e d i a Ic o n d y l eo f t h e t i b i a l f o r m e r t yk n o w n
a s t h e s u p e r f i c i apI e s a n s e r i n u sP, e sa n s e r i n u s u p e r f i c i a t i s )
)T
l + 2 , Tl r / , , T1 , 5
> Lowertimb
>>l
Surface
lSkeletsnl
Muscles
Hip
Musclesof the thigh
M iliacus
l\4 psoas major
Promontorium
M sartorius
M tensor tasciae latae
l\4 piriformis
Lig sacrospinale
M gluteusmedius
Pecten ossis pubis
Lig pubicumsuperius
M iliopsoas
l\4 pectineus
lvl adductor longus
M gracilis
Canalis adductorius;A ; V femoralis
Septumintermusculare
vastoadductorium
M quadricepsIemoris*
M sartorius
Fascia lata
M, rectus femoris,Tendo
Lig patellae
> I I + 2 , I l + l + , lT+ 5
s f t h e t h i g ha n d t h e h i p ;
F i g .1 3 3 0 M u s c t e o
a f t e r r e m o v a L otfh e f a s c i a[ a t a ,t h e t e n s o rf a s c i a e[ a t a e
m u s c l ea n d t h e s a r t o r i u sm u s c t e .
* T h ef o u r t hh e a do f t h eq u a d r i c e p
msu s c l et h
, ev a s t u isn t e r m e d i u s
is covered
musc[e,
bythe rectusfemorismuscle
To p o g r a p h yI Se c ti o n s
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Musclesof the thigh
M iliopsoas
M. piriformis
M sartorius
(
iliaca
Bursasubtendinea
caPutrectumM rectusfemoris**.i
rellexum
luaput
Pectenossispubis
M gluteusmedius
Lig iliolemorale
M pectineus
M iliopsoas
M adductor
brevis
M vastus lateralis
M gracilis
M adductorlongus
M adductormagnus
Hiatusadductorius
Fascia lata
M vastusmedialis
M vastusintermedius
M rectus femoris,Tendo
Tendo
M sartorius,
medialis
Femur,Epicondylus
Lig patellae
F i g .1 3 3 1 M u s c L eosf t h e t h i g ha n dt h e h i p ;
d e e pL a y e ar f t e r r e m o v a o
I f t h e s a r t o r i u st,h e r e c t u sf e m o r i s
a n d t h e a d d u c t o rL o n g u sm u s c t e sa s w e I La s p a r t so f t h e
i t i o p s o am
s u s c t ei n t h e j o i n tr e g i o n .
+
C o m m o ni n s e r t i o no f t h e s a r t o r i u sg, r a c i t i sa n d s e m i t e n d i n o s u s
m u s c t e sj u s t b e t o wt h e m e d i a Ic o n d y l eo f t h e t i b i a
* * T h e o r i g i n o f t h e r e c t u sf e m o r i s m u s c t eh a s b e e nf t a p p e dt a t e r a l t y
upwards
* * * A p a r t o f t h e a d d u c t o r[ o n g u sm u s c t eh a s b e e nf t a p p e du p w a r d s .
> T I + 2 , Tl + 4 , I t + 5
> Lowertimb
Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
Musclesof the thigh
M iliopsoas
lvl sartorius
M piriformis
M. rectustemoris
Canalisobturatorius
M pectineus
Bursa subtendineailiaca
M adductorlongus
gluteusmedius
M obturatoriusexternus
l\4 iliopsoas
M adductor brevis
Trochanter
minor
M pectineus
M adductorminimus
M adductorbrevis
M adductormagnus
M vastuslateralis
M adductorlongus
M gracilis
M vastus medialis
Hiatusadductorius
lvl vastusintermedius
M adductor magnus, Tendo
M gracilis,Tendo
l\4 sartorius,Tendo
Bursa subtendineamusculi sartorii
M gracilis,
Tendo
lvl semitendinosus,Tendo
T5
> I 4 2 , T4 / + , 4
Bursaanserina
F i g . 1 3 3 2 M u s c t e so f t h e t h i g ha n d t h e h i p ;
a f t e r a t m o s tc o m p t e t er e m o v a I o fs u p e r f i c i aaI n d
s e v e r ad
I e e p e rm u s c t e s ;
ventratview.
9 ' L - Z ' L ' e Z ZL ?
'M0rA
lerpau.r
: d ! qa q l p u e r . l 6 r qe]q t j o s a l r s n N e e e l ' 6 l l
snuDeuropnppe'nl
suoural snlca|lil
y!
snsourpualru.ros
unouol1nde3'suouelsdactqy\
sr;rcer6 y1
sn0uolJopnppE'yI
snurxeusneln;6y1
srqndsrsso
JOlralur
snueu
ilqcsrsrssosnuleH
srlerouro]V
(!uBslJoleâl!lncsnuJ
sneu!puelsncJV)
urncrpErqcsr
leqnl
ecrqndsrs^qdu^S
snurelur
snuolernlqoy!
snuouesyI
elPieqnlorces6r'l
snuolernlqo
srlPue3
snutLl.l
urncrperqcsruaurelol
areunce;611
slqnosrsso
roueonssnureu
Isne6[ccoc]
snao^ccocorqJst
li\
Euolerntqo
n:'v
:snuolPJnlqo'N
EUOlernlqo
etcsel
e u r e u a B c e lnl !: V
(aurolurdeJlur
ueulero3)
snaulsaoorIsncJV
sruuolurdli\
sllaoulol N
sllErouol u
'srlerourelolruoo
N
Proualue
erlErcPsEUrureJol
'611
e;eurnbur
(auro;urdetdnsuoujelol)
srlPlelPlsuor.uel
snauelncN
ro!JoonsrolJaluP
ece!t!eutos
s!lerces
srlEuEc
srqnosrssoualcad
opual
'(roufl-u
seosd'W)
unJcesso
eroualuE ecerltolces 66t"1
'ecerlrorceso[elnsruv
roleu seosd !\
srlerqeua^
srpue3
tt6!qlaql Jo sapsn4
looj
6at
q6!ql
suorllas | ,{qder6odol
dltt
s!^lad
'olq
a
q
l
lo sallsnur
r '6!r
l e s J o pd a a o 4ec
' s n r p a t us n a l n l 6 ' t / {
' a l l s n u Js n r p a u sr n a l n l e g e e l ' 6 l l
suoualsnlPrpenby!
roualursnllaua0 y!
snulalul
snuolPJnlqo y!
rouadnssnllauao y!
srrlroluro y!
snururur
snalnloti\
snrpau
snalnlon
'snuJrxeu
s
n
a
l
n
lo hl
' a l l s n u rs n L u r x e us n o l n l g g e e ' 6 l l
t
' q O l q lo q ]
J os a l l s n u r
lesroo teel'6ll
snsourpuelruos
l
snutxpul
snalnl0 y\
dltl atil pue q6gl aLlllo sapsnry
MaTAJAA0
solrsnr{ luo}alo{sl
qull JattAo'l<
arP}rn5
Thigh
Leg
Foct
of the thighand the hip
MuscLes
M erectorspinae,
M gluteus medius, Fascia
M gluteusmaximus
Trochanter major
Sulcusglutealis
Fascia lata
Tendo
lvl gluteusmaximus,
F i g .1 3 3 8 M u s c t e o
s f t h e t h i g ha n dt h e h i p .
Crista iliaca
M latissimusdorsi, Aponeurosis
M erector spinae, Fascia
thoracolumbalis
Fascia lata, (Fascia glutea)
M gluteusmaximus
(
s edius
M ,g l u t e u m
(Foramen
suPrapiriforme)
Foramen I
ischiadicum1
majus |
(Foramen
I infrapiriforme)
M piriformis
Spina ischiadica
M. gemellussuperior
Foramen ischiadicum
mtnus
internus*
M obturatorius
Lig sacrotuberale
M gemellus inferior
Tuberischiadicum
Bursatrochanterica
musculigluteimaximi
Ramusossisischii
femoris
M quadratus
l\4,gracilis
M gluteusmaximus
M adductor magnus
M adductorminimus
M semitendinosus
M adduclor magnus
bicepsfemoris,
C a p u lto n g u m
F i g .1 3 3 9 M u s c t e o
s f t h e t h i g ha n d t h e h i p ;
t h e g l u t e u sm a x i m u sm u s c t eh a s b e e ns e c t i o n e d ;
d o r s a tv i e w .
Tuberositasglutea
* T h e p a r t o f t h e o b t u r a t o ri n t e r n u sm u s c l eb e t w e e nt h e c u r v e de d g e
o f t h e l e s s e rs c i a t i cn o t c ha n d t h e i n s e r t i o ni n t h e t r o c h a n t e r i cf o s s a
f r e q u e n t l cy o n s i s t so f t e n d i n o u sb a n d s
) T 4 3 , I I + 5 , T4 6
> Lowertimb
Muscles
Musclesof the thighandthe hip
Crista iliaca
M gluteusmedius
s inimus
M g l u t e um
(Foramen
suprapiriforme)
I/ gluteusmaximus
M piriformis
N4gemellus
superior
(Foramen
infrapiriforme)
lvl tensorfasciaelatae
l\il obturatorius
internus
M gemellus
inferior
Lig sacrotuberale
M quadratus
femoris
M obturatoriusinternus
M gluteusmedius
Tuberischiadicum
Trochanter
major
Bursalrochanterica
musculigluteimaximi
M adductormagnus
lvl gluteusmaximus
M adductorminimus
M adductormagnus
M gracilis
M semitendinosus
M vastuslateralis
M biceps temoris, Caput longum
M. bicepsfemoris,Caputbreve
M biceps femoris,Caput longum
l\4 semimembranosus
M semitendinosus,Tendo
A poplilea
lvl semimembranosus,
Tendo
M gastrocnemius,Caput laterale
M gastrocnemius,Caput mediale
-> T 43, T r+5,Tt+6
t h e g l u t e u sm a x i m u sa n d m e d i u sm u s c t e sh a v e
b e e np a r t i a L [rye m o v e d ;
Topogr a p h yI S e c ti o n s
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Musclesof the thighand the hiP
lvl gluteusmedius
M gluteusminimus
L4 gemellusinferior
M gluteusmaximus
Tendo
internus,
M obturatorius
M piriformis
musculigluteimedii
Bursatrochanterica
(Foramen
infrapiriforme)
Trochantermajor
M gemellus
superior
externus
M obturatorius
M obturatorius
inlernus
femoris
M quadratus
Bursaischiadica
musculiobturatorii
interni
musculi
Bursatrochanterica
Lig sacrotuberale
glutei maximi
M biceps femoris, Caput longum
M iliopsoas,Tendo
M semitendinosus
Trochanterminor
Foramenischiadicum
minus
M
M gluteusmaximus
M adductorminimus
M gracilis
M adductor magnus
M vastuslateralis
M semimembranosus
lV bicepsfemoris,Caputlongum
M biceps femoris, Caput breve
M semitendinosus.Tendo
Fossapoplitea
M gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
Caputlaterale
M. gastrocnemius,
s f t h e t h i g ha n dt h e h i p ;
F i g .1 3 4 1 M u s c t e o
I f the
d e e pL a y e ar f t e ra t m o s tc o m p l e t er e m o v a o
s u p e rifc i a L g t u t e aa nI dt h e i s c h i o c r u r amLu s c L e s ;
dorsaIview.
)I
t + 3 , T4 5 , Tt 6
> Lowerlimb
Surfaee lSkeletonl Muscles
Hip
Musclesof the thighand the hip
M obliquus
externusabdominis
Cristailiaca.Labiumexternum
SDinailiaca anteriorsuoerior
M gluteusmaximus
M. reclus femoris
M vastuslateralis
M biceps femoris, Caput longum
M semimembranosus
M bicepsfemoris,Caputbreve
l\4 gastrocnemius,
Caputlaterale
-> T 43, r t+/+,T46
a f t e rr e m o v a o
l f t h e f a s c i a[ a t ae x c e o tf o r t h e i t i o t i b i atLr a c t
Topography
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Musclesof the thigh
l\4 vastus medialis
lvl sartorius
l\4 gracilis, Tendo
Tendo
M semitendinosus,
Retinaculumoatellaemediale
Corpusadiposum
infrapatellare
Lig patellae
M gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
F i g . 1 3 4 3 M u s c t e si n t h e r e g i o no f t h e k n e ej o i n t ;
> f I r 4 - Tt 6 , T4 9
mediaLview
* C o m m o inn s e r t i oj u
n s tb e t o w
t h em e d i acI o n d y toef t h et i b i a
s ,e sa n s e r i n ussu p e r f i c i a [ i s l
l f o r m e r tkyn o w na ss u p e r f i c ipaet sa n s e r i n uP
M vastuslateralis
M adductor magnus
lvl bicepsfemoris,Caputbreve
M gracilis
Femur,Lineaaspera
Hiatusadductorius
M vastusmedialis
lvl bicepsfemoris,Caputlongum
M adductormagnus,Tendo
Femur, Facies poplitea
M semimembranosus
M plantaris
Articulatiogenus, Capsula articularis
M sartorius
M biceps femoris,Tendo
lvl gracilis,Tendo
M semitendinosus.
Tendo
lvl gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
Caputlaterale
M gastrocnemius,
Fig, 13t+t+ Musctes in t h e r e g i o no f t h e k n e ej o i n t ;
a f t e r a t m o s tc o m p t e t er e m o v a o
L f t h e i s c h i o c r u r am
I usctes:
dorsaLview.
)T
l + 4 - Tl + 6 , Tl + 9
> Lowertimb
tt
)rigins andinsertionsof the musclesof the thighand the ventralpart of the leg
Tractusiliotibialis
l\/ gracilis
M quadricepsfemoris
M. biceps femoris
l\4 semitendinosus
M sartorius
lvl tibialisanterior
l\4 fibularis[peroneus]
tongus
M. extensor
digitorum
tongus
fibularisIperoneusl
brevis
F i g . 1 3 4 5 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c t e s
a t t h e b o n e so f t h e l e g ;
tat"t
To p o g r a p h y
Thigh Leg
Foot
}rigins and insertions
of themusclesof thethighand the dorsalpart of the leg
M popliteus
M soleus
M tibialisposterior
M flexordigitorum
longus
M. fibularis[peroneus]
rongus
M flexorhallucislongus
M fibularislperoneus]
orevts
M. flexorhallucislongus,Tendo
brevis,Tendo
lvl.tibialisposterior,Tendo
M llexordigitorum
longus,Tendo
F i g . 1 3 1 6 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c l e s
a t t h e b o n e so f t h e l e g ;
dorsaIview.
> T r,6,T 48-T 50
> Lowertimb
tt
Musclesof theLeg
Fig.1317 Extensor
m u s c L eosf t h e[ e g .
M tibialisanterior
longus
Iperoneus]
L a t e r a [[ fi b u l . a rm
] uscLes
Caput laterale
I t o".uo"n".'r"
Caput mediale )
M flexordigitorum
rongus
M tibialisposterior
M flexorhallucis
l o n gu s
(Chiasma crurale)
lvl.soleus
(Chiasma tarsale)
Tendo calcaneus
Fig. 1319 Tricepssurae muscte,
M . t r i c e o ss u r a e .
D e e pf l e x o rm u s c L e o
sf the leg
Topog r a p h y
Thigh
Leg
Fcot
Musclesof the Leg
Tibia,
Condylus medialis
Tuberositastibiae
M gaslrocnemius
M extensor
digitorum
longus
M fibularis
[peroneus]brevis
crurisanterius
M extensor
longus
digitorum
M tibialisanterior,Tendo
M extensor
h a l l u c i sl o n g u s
Malleolusmedialis
lvlalleoluslateralis
l\il extensor digitorum
longus,Tendines
tertius,Tendo
Retinaculummusculorum
extensoruminferius
M extensor hallucis
longus,Tendo
M exlensor
digitorum brevis
F i g . 1 3 5 1 M u s c L eos f t h e [ e ga n d t h e f o o t .
lvl extensor
hallucisbrevis
> Lowertimb
Surface lSkel.etonl Muscles
Hip
Musclesof the leg
M semitendinosus
M semimembranosus
M gracilis
M semitendinosus,Tendo
M gaslrocnemius,
Caputmediale
M gastrocnemius,Caput laterale
Fasciacruris
N4alleolusmedialis -------------t-
Malleoluslateralis
Tendo calcaneus*
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 5 2 M u s c l e so f t h e L e g ;
s r r n p rifr i a l l r v c r
* A l s o : A c h i t l e st e n d o n
Topngraphy
Thigh Leg
Font
Musclesof the leg
l\4 gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
M biceps femoris
M semimembranosus
Bursasubtendinea
musculi
gastrocnemii
medialis
lvl gastrocnemius,
Capullaterale
Bursamusculisemimembranosi
Lig popliteum
obliquum
Lig popliteum
arcuatum
Tibia,Condylus medialis
l\4 plantaris
A ; V poplitea;Arcus
tendineus
musculisolei
M soleus
M plantaris,
Tendo
M gastrocnemius
longus
M libularislperoneus]
M gastrocnemius,Tendo
M llexor hallucislongus
M flexor digitorum longus
M tibialisposterior.Tendo
Seotumintermusculare
crurisDosterius
Malleolusmedialis
Tendo calcaneus*
Retinaculummusculorumflexorum
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 5 3 M u s c L eos f t h e l e g ;
s u p e r f i c i a[[a y e ra f t e r p a r t i a Ir e m o v a I
s uscLe.
o f t h e g a s t r o c n e m i um
* ALso:
Achi[[es
tendon
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
superius
lperoneorum]
> Lowertimb
Musclesof theleg
M biceps femoris
Bursasubtendinea
musculi
gastrocnemii
medialis
M gastrocnemius,
Caputlaterale
M plantaris
Lig popliteumobliquum
M popliteus
M tibialisposterior
M soleus
Fibula,Margointerosseus
M flexordigitorum
longus
l\4 tibialisposterior
longus
M flexor hallucislongus
M flexor digitorum longus,Tendo
M a l l e o l ums e d i a l i s
M tibialisposterior,
Tendo
M flexor hallucislongus,Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
Betinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
superius
[peroneorum]
Tendo calcaneus"
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 5 4 M u s c [ e so f t h e l e g ;
deep tayer.
* A t s oA: c h i [ [ et se n d o n
To p o g r a p h y
ThiEh Leg
Foot
Musclesof the leg
Caputmediale
lil gastrocnemius,
Bursasubtendinea
musculi
gastrocnemii
medialis
M plantaris
-----f
Tibia,CondylusmeOialis
M popliteus
Tendo
M. bicepsfemoris,
i,, ,
Recessus
suboooliteus
M popliteus
M flexordigitorum
longus
l\4tibialisposterior
M flexor hallucislongus
l\,4tibialisposterior,Tendo
lvl flexordigitorum
longus,Tendo
brevis
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
f ibularium
Retinaculum
musculorum
superius
[peroneorum]
Tendo calcaneus
F i g .1 3 5 5 M u s c L eos f t h e l e g ;
doonoqt
lerror
> Lowertimb
Musclesof the leg
l\/ biceps
femoris
M quadriceps
temoris,M vastus
lateralis
Tractus
iliotibialis
M fibularis
longus
lperoneus]
M gastrocnemius
l\4 tibialisanterior
crurisanterius
l\4 extensor digitorum longus
brevis
M extensor hallucislongus
Tendo calcaneus
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
inferius
Malleolus
lateralis
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
superius
lperoneoruml
M extensor
hallucisbrevis
Tuber calcanei
longus,Tendo
M. extensor
digitorum
longus,Tendines
Betinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
inferius
Iperoneorum]
brevis,Tendo
M extensor
brevis
diqitorum
- T 4 9 , T5 1
> I t+7
F i g . 1 3 5 6 M u s c l e so f t h e L e ga n d t h e f o o t .
Topography
Thigh Leg
1riginsand insertions
of the musclesof the thefootand the leg
M. tricepssurae,Tendocalcanous
M. extensordioitorumbrevis:
M. extensorhallucis
brevi6
M. fibularislperoneus]brevis
M. fibularislporoneus]tertius
M. abductor
digitiminimi
Mm. interosseidorsalespedis
Mm.interosseiplantares
M. abductorhallucis
Mm.extensoreshallucislongusst brevis
Mm.extensorgsdigitorumlonguset brevis
F i g .1 3 5 7 O r i g i nas n di n s e r t i o nosf t h em u s c t e s
a t t h eb o n e so f t h ef o o t ;
dorsaIview.
>T4t,T48,T51,
T53,T54
> Lowertimb
tt
Tendonsheaths
of thefoot
longus
M extensordigitorum
Lig tibiofibulare
anterius
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
interius
Malleoluslateralis
l\4 extensorhallucislongus
Malleolus
medialis
Vaginatendinismusculitibialisanterioris
hallucislongi
Vaginatendinismusculiextensoris
Retinaculum
fibularium
musculorum
inferius
Iperoneorum]
Vaginacommunis
tendinummusculorum
fibularium
lperoneorum]
brevis,Tendo
l\4 extensor
digitorum
brevis
Tendo
M tibialisanterior,
quinti
Tuberositas
ossismetatarsi
M extensorhallucisbrevis
M abductor
digitiminimi
Ligg tarsometatarsaliadorsalia
f ibularislperoneus]
tertius,Tendo
(M opponens
digitiminimi)
I
Corpusossismetatarsi
M extensor
longus,Tendines
digitorum
l\il extensor hallucisbrevis,Tendo
Mm interossei
dorsalesoedis
lvl extensorhallucislongus,
Tendo
, a g i n a et e n d i n u m ,
F i g . 1 3 5 8 T e n d o ns h e a t h sV
of the foot
T o p o g r a p h yI Se cti o n s
Thigh Leg
Foot
Tendon
sheathsof the foot
M. extensor hallucislongus,Tendo
lvl extensor
digitorum
longus
Vagina tendinum musculi extensorisdigitorum longi
Nil fibularis
lperoneus]brevis
inferius
musculorum
extensorum
Retinaculum
Vaginatendinis musculi extensorishallucislongi
Fibula
l\4 extensor hallucisbrevis
M fibularis
[peroneus]longus
Tendo calcaneus
R e t i n a c u l ummu s c u l o r u m
fibularium
superius
Iperoneorum]
l\il extensor digitorum
longus, Tendines
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
inlerius
lperoneorum]
I/ extensor digitorum brevis
Vaginacommunis
tendinummusculorum
fibularium
lperoneorum]
tertius,Tendo
brevis,Tendo
, f thefoot.
, a g i n a et e n d i n u m o
Vaginatendinismusculi
tibialisposterioris
Vagina tendinis musculi tibialisanterioris
llexorisdigitorum
longi
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
inferius
Vagina tendinis musculi extensorishallucislongi
Tendo calcaneus
\-
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
Vagina tendinis musculi flexoris hallucislongi
abductor hallucis,
Tendo
Vagina tendinis musculi
tibialisposterioris
/'a
M abductor hallucis
Vagina tendinis musculi flexorisdigitorum longi
M flexor digitorum brevis
, f thefoot.
, a g i n a et e n d i n u m o
> Lowertimb
Sunface lSkel.etonl
Musclesof thefoot
M extensorhallucislongus
lil extensor digitorum longus
Malleolusmedialis
l\4alleolus lateralis
Retinaculummusculorumextensorum inlerius
brevis,Tendo
Retinaculum
musculorum
fibularium
inferius
[peroneorum]
lvl extensordigitorumbrevis
lM fibularislperoneus]
tertius,Tendo
M extensorhallucislongus,
Tendo
l\4 extensor
digitorum
longus,Tendines
M extensorhallucisbrevis
Articulatiometatarsophalanqea
hallucis.Caosula articularis-
Mm interossei
dorsalesoedis
)r47,T51,T53
F i g . 1 3 6 1 M u s c t e so f t h e f o o t ;
a f t e rr e m o v a o
I f t h e t e n d o ns h e a t h s .
Muscles
Tnpogr a p h y
Thigh LeU
Foot
Musclesof the foot
tertius
[/ extensor
longus
digitorum
M extensor hallucislongus
Malleoluslateralis
extensorum
Retinaculum
musculorum
inferius
l\4 tibularis[peroneus]
brevis,Tendo
l\4 extensor hallucisbrevis
l\il extensor digitorum brevis
tertius,Tendo
Nil abductordigiti minimi
Mm interossei
dorsales
pedrs
brevis,
M extensor
digitorum
Tendines
M extensor digitorum longus,
Tendines
I
F i g . 1 3 6 2 M u s c L eos f t h e f o o t :
a f t e rs e c t i o no f t h e i n f e r i o r
extensor etinacutum.
>T47,T51,T53
> Lowerlimb
tt
tat"t
Hip
Musclesof the foot
Lig metatarsale transversum
superficiale
Fasciculitransversi
plantaris
Aponeurosis
(Eminentiaplantarislateralis)
(Eminentiaplantarismedialis)
Malleolusmedialis
M abductor hallucis
l\4alleoluslateralis
Bursasubcutanea
calcanea
F i g . 1 3 6 3 M u s c l e so f t h e f o o t ;
p L a n t aar p o n e u r o s i sA,p o n e u r o s i ps t a n t a r i s .
Thigh Leg
Foot
0riginsandinsertionsof the musclesof the footand the leg
M. flexordigitorum
brevis
M flexordigitorum
longus
M flexorhallucislongus,Tendo
M adductorhallucis,
Caputtransversum
Caputobliquum
M adductorhallucis,
Mm interosseiplantares
l\il abductor hallucis
lvl flexor digiti minimi brevis
Ossasesamoidea
M abductor digiti minimi
M abductor hallucis,Tendo
M flexor hallucisbrevis
t
I
I
+
I
I
al
fl
Mm interossei
dorsalespedis
longus
M tibialisanterior
M flexordigitiminimibrevis
M abductorhallucis
lvl abductor
digitiminimi
l\4 flexor hallucis brevis
t
,
M adductorhallucis,
Caputobliquum
M. tibialisposterior
M fibularis
longus,Tendo
lperoneus]
M quadratus plantae
M abductorhallucis
brevis
M flexordigitorum
F i g . 1 3 6 1 0 r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n so f t h e m u s c l e s
a t t h e b o n e so f t h e f o o t ;
plantarview.
)T47,T48,T50,
T 52-T 54
> Lowertimb
Surface lSke[etonl Muscles
Hip
Musclesof the foot
Vaginaetendinum digitorumpedis
Parscruciformis
Parsanularis
Mm lumbricales
pedislv-l
M adductorhallucis,
Caput
transversum
plantaris
M interosseus
lll
l\4 abductorhallucis
l\4 flexor digitorumbrevis
plantaris
Aponeurosis
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 5 5 M u s c t e so f t h e f o o t ;
t h e p t a n t a ra 0 o n e u r o s i hs a s b e e nr e m o v e d
T o p o g r a p h yI S e c t i o n s
Thinh
I- v :o, n
Foot
Musclesof the foot
flexor hallucislongus,Tendo
Vaginaetendinum digitorumpedis
M flexordigitorum
longus,
Tendines
M adductor hallucis,
Caput transversum
M llexordigitorum
brevis,
Tendines
l/m lumbricalespedis lv-l
M flexor digitorum longus,Tendo
M flexor digiti minimi brevis
Vagina plantaristendinis
musculi fibularis [peronei]longi
M llexor hallucislongus,Tendo
l\il interosseusplantarislll
M interosseus
dorsalispedislV
M fibularis[peroneus]longus,Tendo
M abductor hallucis
plantae
M quadratus
l\4 abductor
digitiminimi
l/ flexordigitorum
brevis
Tuber calcanei
F i g . 1 3 6 6 M u s c l e so f t h e f o o t ;
m i d d t eL a y ear f t e r a L m o sct o m p t e t er e m o v a o
Lf t h e
f t e x o rd i g i t o r u mb r e v i sm u s c L e .
) T 50,T 52-T stl
> Lowertimb
Surface lSkeletonl Musctes
Musclesof thefoot
M flexor digitorum longus,Tendines
M, flexordigitorum
brevis,Tendines
l\ilm lumbricalespedis lv-l
M adductor hallucis
l\4 interosseusdorsalis pedis lll
Caputobliquum
Mm inlerosseiplantares lll et ll
l\4 interosseus
dorsalispedislV
lvl flexorhallucisbrevis
(M opponens
digitiminimi)
M flexordigitiminimibrevis
M abductor hallucis
M libularislperoneus]
longus,Tendo
plantae
M quadratus
M flexor digitorum longus,Tendo*
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
Lig plantarelongum
M flexorhallucislongus,Tendo*
l\4 abductor hallucis
plantaris
Aponeurosis
f,4 flexor digitorumbrevis
) T 50,T 52-T str
Fig. 1367 MuscLesof the foot;
oeep rayer.
* T h es i t ew h e r et h et e n d o o
n f t h ef L e x odri g i t o r u m
[ o n g um
s usc[e
c r o s s etsh et e n d o n
o f t h ef t e x ohr a t t u c i[so n g u m
s u s c t ies
c o m m o n rt ye f e r r etdo a s p t a n t acrh i a s mC, h i a s mpaL a n t a r e
Topognaphy
Thigh Leg
Foot
Musclesof the foot
Mm.interossei
dorsalespedisl-lV
F i g . 1 3 6 8 D o r s a Ii n t e r o s s em
i u s c L e sM, m i n t e r o s s edi o r s a t e sp e d i s ;
dorsaLview.
Mm inlerossei
p l a n t a r el sl l - l
F i g . 1 3 6 9 P L a n t airn t e r o s s em
i u s c L e sM, m i n t e r o s s epi L a n t a r e s ;
p L a n t avr i e w .
> Lowertimb
plexus
Lumbosacral
N, subcostalis
R cutaneuslateralis
N i l i o h y p o g a s t r i(cTu1s2 ,L 1 )
Plexuslumbalis
N i l i o i n g u i n a l i(sT 1 2 , L 1 )
/^.
I H, Iemorails
N o e n i t o f e m o r a l i(sL 1 . 2') {
R. genitalis
\
N. cutaneus femoris lateralis(L2, 3)
N femoralis (L2-4)
(L2-4)
N. obturatorius
N gluteussuperior(L4,5; Sl )
Truncuslumbosacralis
Plexussacralis
N .g l u t e u isn f e r i o(r1 5 ;S 1 ,2 )
I N ,f i b u l a r i s
tcommunts
N. tscnradrcus
I
( L a ,5 ; S 1- 3 ) I
I
\ N. tibialis
Plexus
coccygeus
DC
N cutaneus
(S1-3)
femorisposterior
Co
(S2-4)
N pudendus
Nn analeslrectales]
inferiores
N, coccygeus
tredtl
N anococcygeus
F i g .1 3 7 0 L u m b o s a c raanI dc o c c y g epaLI e x u s ,
P t e x u[su m b o s a c r a(t P
i st e x u[su m b a Lei st s a c r a t i se]t c o c c y g e u s ;
s e g m e n t aoIr g a n i s a t i o n
fnerves.
Thigh Poplitealfossa Leg
Foot
Nervesof the lower limb
N iliohypogastricus
N ilioinguinalis
N. cutaneus
femorislateralis
N. genitofemoralis
N. femoralis
N. gluteussup€rior
N. gluteusinferior
N obturatorius
N. pudendus
N. cutaneus
lemorisposterior
N. ischiadicus
N. saphenus
N. cutaneussurae
medialis
N. cutaneussuraelateralis
tibularis
R. communicans
N. saphenus
N. suralis
N cutaneusdorsalis
intermedius
N. cutaneus
dorsalismedialis
N. cutan€usdorsalislateralis
N. olantarislateralis
N. Dlantaris medialis
Nn.digitales
dorsalespedis
F i g . 1 3 7 1 N e r v e so f t h e l o w e r[ i m b ;
overyrew.
Fig.1372 Nervesof the lower [imb;
overvtew.
> Lowertimb
Cutaneous
innervation
S2
DJ
S4
DC
F i g , 1 3 7 3 S e g m e n t acI u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n
ldermatomes]
of the lower [imb.
F i g , 1 3 7 4 S e g m e n t acI u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o (nd e r m a t o m e s ]
o f t h e l o w e r[ i m b .
Thigh
F o p l l t e a if n s s a
Leg
Fn*t
Cutaneous
innervation
R cutaneus lateralis
R cutaneus lateralis
N cutaneus
femoris
posterior,
Nn clunium
inferiores
N cutaneus
lemorisposterior
N femoralis,
Rr cutanei
anleriores
N obturatorius,
R cutaneus
N obturatorius,
R cutaneus
N saphenus,
R infrapatellaris
(N femoralis)
N fibularis
communrs,
N cutaneus
surae lateralis
(N ischiadicus)
N fibularis
communrs,
N cutaneus
suraelateralis
(N ischiadicus)
N saphenus,
Rr cutaneicruris
mediales
(N temoralis)
N saphenus,
Rr cutanei
cruris mediales
(N femoralis)
N suralis.
N cutaneus
dorsalislaleralis
N. cutaneus
I
oorsalls
N. fibularisI
superficialisl Inlermeolus
(N ischiadicus) N..ut"n"r.
|
\ dorsalismedialis
N f i b u l a r ipsr o f u n d u s ,
Nn digitales
dorsalespedis
(N ischiadicus)
I
I
Nn lumbales
Nn sacrales
I
I
N iliohypogastricus
N cutaneus
lemorislateralis
F i g . 1 3 7 5 C u t a n e o u sn e r v e so f t h e l o w e r L i m b .
N genitofemoralis
N femoralis
I
N obturatorius
N fibularis
N cutaneus
femorisposterior
N suralis
F i g .1 3 7 6 C u t a n e o u n
s e r v e so f t h e l o w e r [ i m b
> Lowertimb
M us c l es
Femoraland obturatornerve
N iliohypogastricus
M psoasmajor
N. ilioinguinalis
N genitofemoralis
N lemoralis
N cutaneus
femoris
lateralis
Rr.cutaneianteriores
Membrana
vastoadductoria
F i g .1 3 7 7 F e m o r a a
I n d o b t u r a t o rn e r v e ,N n . f e m o r a L i es t o b t u r a t o r i u s ;
overvtew;
c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n
i L [ u s t r a t ewdi t h p u r p t e .
Thigh Poptitealfossa Leg
Foot
Glutealnervesandsciaticnerve
N. gluteussuperior
Plexussacralis
N gluteusinferior
N. ischiadicus
N. cutaneus
femorisposterior
F i g . 1 3 7 8 G t u t e a nI e r v e s N
, n . g t u t e i ,a n d s c i a t i cn e r v e ,N . i s c h i a d i c u s ;
overvtew;
c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o int l u s t r a t e dw i t h p u r p t e
> Lowertimb
Tibialand fibuLarnerve
N ischiadicus
N tibialis
N fibulariscommunis
Arcustendineus
musculisolei
N suralis
N suralis
N plantaris
lateralis
N plantarismedialis
F i 9 . 1 3 7 9 T i b i a Ln e r v e ,N . t i b i a t i s ;
overvtew;
c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o int L u s t r a t ewdi t h o u r o [ e .
F i g . 1 3 8 0 F i b u [ a rn e r v e ,N . f i b u t a r i s ;
OVCTVIEW:
c u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o n
i[tustrated
with purpLe
Topography
T h i g h F o p t i t e af Io s s a L e g
Fuot
Arteriesof thelowerlimb
A glutea inferiot
A femoralis
A circumflexa
femoris lateralis
A circumflexa
femoris medialis
R ascendens
A profunda femoris
R descendens
AA
Aa. perforantes
ll; ll;lll)
0""fri?ii?'j
A descendens
genus
R saphenus
A poplitea
R articularis
A superior
genus
lateralis
A inferior
genus
lateralis
A superior
medialisgenus
Rete articularegenus
A inferior
medialisgenus
A superior
m e d i a l igse n u s
A superiorlateralis
genus
A suralis
A suralis
A inferior
m e d i a l i sg e n u s
A tibialisposterior
A mediagenus
A inferiorlateralis
genus
(A recurrens
tibialis
posterior)
A tibialisanterior
A tibialisanterior
A fibularis
R communicans
A fibularis,
R pertorans
A malleolaris
anteriorlateralis
A tarsalislateralis
A malleolaris
anteriormedialis
A tarsalis medialis
A dorsalis pedis
(A arcuata)
Aa metatarsales
oorsales
F i g . 1 3 8 1 A r t e r i e so f t h e L o w e r[ i m b ;
overvtew;
T h e s e g m e n to f t h e f e m o r a La r t e r yb e t w e e nt h e p o i n tw h e r e
t h e d e e pa r t e r yo f t h i g h b r a n c h e so f f a n d t h e p o i n to f e n t r y
i n t o t h e a d d u c t o rc a n a [[ * ] i s k n o w nc t i n i c a t Lavs s u p e r f i c i a I
femoralarterv.
Rr malleolares
mediales
A plantaris
medialis
Rr malleolareslaterales
A plantarislateralis
profundus
Arcusplantaris
F i g . 1 3 8 2 A r t e r i e so f t h e l o w e r L i m b ;
overvtew;
dorsaIview.
> Lowertimb
M us c tes
Pelvis
Veinsand lymphaticsof the lowerlimb
Nodi lymphoidei
inguinales
sapnenamagna
V. saphenaparva
F i g . 1 3 8 3a , b
overytew
V e i n sa n d l y m p h a t i c so f t h e l o w e r [ i m o ;
a MediaLview
b D o r s a tv i e w
V superficialis
Valvula
V.communicans
Valvula
V perforans
1 DODD'S
veins
2 HUNTER'S
vein
3 BoYD's
vein
4 V arcuatacrurisposterior
5 SHERMAN'S
vein
6 cocKETT'sveins
7 Deepperforatingvein
V profunda
Fascia
Of HACH
8 Popliteal perforating vein
9 MAY'Svein
10 Lateral perforatingvein
Fig. 1384a, b Perforatingveins,Vv.perforantes;
o v e r v i e w( a c c o r d i ntgo H A C H1,9 8 6 1 .
a M e d i a vI i e w
b Dorsatview
F i g . 1 3 8 5 V e i n so f t h e [ o w e r[ i m b ;
p r i n c i p [ eo f o r g a n i s a t i o n .
D i s t u r b a n c eosf t h e v e n o u sf [ o w o f t h e l o w e r l i m b ,e s p e c i a t t y
v a r i c o s i sa, r e a c o m m o nc a u s eo f v a s c u t a rd i s o r d e r s .
l f o n e o f t h e v e n o u ss y s t e m si s e n t i r e t yo c c L u d e dt h, e
perforating
v e i n sm a y b e o f c r u c i a Ii m p o r t a n c et o m a i n t a i n
t h e v e n o u sd r a i n a o e .
Hip
T o p o g r a p h yI Se c ti o n s
Thigh PopliteaIfossa Leg
Font
Vessels
andnervesof the thiqh
A femoralisa
R cutaneusanterior(N iliohypogastricus)
A : V epigastrica
superficialis
a a
i N ilioinguinalis
a V femoralis
N cutaneus
femorislateralis
o a Aa : VV pudendaeexternae
(N genitofemoralis)
B, femoralis
(lateralis)
o V saphenaaccessoria
A ;V circumllexa
iliumsuperlicialis
a a
a V saphenamagna
(N femoralis)
o Br cutaneianteriores
, Rr cutanei(N obturatorius)
genus
a A descendens
, R infrapatellaris(N saphenus)
Bete patellarea
1391
F i g . 1 3 8 6 E p i f a s c i avLe s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e i n g u i n a l
r e g i o nR
, e g i oi n g u i n a t i tsh, e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f t h i g h ,
R e g i of e m o r i sa n t e r i o r a
, n d t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f k n e e ,
R e g i og e n u sa n t e r i o r .
> Lowertimb
Surfaee lSkeletonl Musctes
Petvis
Lymphatics
of theinguinalregion
Lig inguina
V circumflexailium
superficialis
V epigastricasuperficialis
Nodi lymphoideiinguinales
superficiales
Funiculusspermaticus
V saphena magna
Vv pudendae externae
V saphena accessoria
(medialis)
V saphena magna
M adductor longus
F i g . 1 3 8 7 S u p e r f i c i aLI y m p h a t i c sL ,y m p hn o d e s
a n d m a j o rv e i n so f t h e i n g u i n arIe g i o nR
, e g i oi n g u i n a t i s
M, psoas major
Nodilymphoidei
iliaciinterni
Nodi lymphoideiiliaciexterni,
Nodi laterales
A ; V i l i a c ai n t e r n a
Nodi lymphoideiiliaciexterni,
Nodi mediales
Rectum
A;V
iliacaexterna
Ovarium
Uterus
superficiales,Nodi superolaterales
Vesicaurinaria
Lig inguinale
superficiales,Nodi superomediales
Hiatus saphenus
Nodi lymphoideiinguinales,
(Nodi profundi)
supediciales,Nodi inferiores
F i g . 1 3 8 8 D r a i n i n ga r e a so f t h e L y m p hn o d e si n t h e
i n g u i n arLe g i o nR
, e g i oi n g u i n a L iosf,t h e f e m a L e ;
overvtew.
T h e a r r o w si n d i c a t ep o s s i b Ldei r e c t i o n so f t h e f t o w o f t y m p h .
* I n s o m eT a r ec a s e st ,h em e d i apI a r t so f t h eu t e r i n teu b ea n d
t h ef u n d u so f t h eu t e r u sm a yb ed r a i n e bd ys u p e r f i c i[aytm p hn o d e s
i n t h ei n g u i n ar e
I g i o vn i at h er o u n dL i g a m eonftu t e r u s
Hip
T o p o g r a p h yI Se c ti o n s
Thigh PoptiteaI
fossa Leg
Foot
Vessels
andnervesof theinguinalregion
0 M psoas major
M iliacus O
t (M psoasmino0,Tendo
N femoralis t
Arcusiliopectineus
Lig inguinale
OaA;Vfemoralis
(Nodus lymphoideuslacunarismedialis)"
Lig lacunare**
Fascia lata
a V, circumflexailium superficialis
Lig pubicumsuperius
a V epigastrica
superficialis
Fascialata
Cornuinferius
a W pudendae
externae
V saphena magna O
F i g .1 3 8 9 S a p h e n o uosp e n i n gH, i a t u ss a p h e n u s ,
a n dv a s c u t asr p a c e L, a c u n av a s o r u m ;
a f t e rr e m o v aoI f t h e a n t e r i o ar b d o m i n a L w aa[nLdt h e
c o n t e n t so f t h e a b d o m e n a, s w e [ La s d i s s e c t i o n
of the
i t i a cf a s c i aa n d t h e f e m o r a t s e p t u ml c l o o u r r ]
* A t s oR
: o S E N M U L LnEoR
d 'es
* * A t s oG
: I M B E R N [Ai gTa' sm e n t
Vaginamusculirecti
Laminaanterior
abdominis,
Aponeurosis
abdominis,
femorislateralis
cutaneus
Spina iliaca anteriorsuDerior
Lig inguinale
M iliopsoasO
, N genitofemoralis,
R femoralis
aoA;Vlemoralis
Septum femorale
(Nodi lymphoideilacunares)
N femoralis..
Arcusiliopectineus
Lig lacunare
Funiculus
spermaticus
(Bursa iliopectinea)
Lig inguinale
M ilioosoas.Tendo a
Tuberculum pubicum
pubica
Symphysis
Lig pectineum
Membrana
obturatoria
M pectineus
o
Canalisobturatorius
$ N obturatorlus
a a V;A obturatoria
F i g ,1 3 9 0 M u s c u t aar n dv a s c u t asr p a c e ,
L a c u n a em u s c u t o r u me t v a s o r u m ;
o b t i q u es e c t i o na t t h e l e v e to f t h e i n g u i n a ILi g a m e n t .
> Lowertimb
$urface
lSkeletonl
Vessels
and nervesof the thigh
O A iliaca externa
N femoralis.
a V iliaca externa
cutaneus femoris lateralis :
a A iliaca interna
Lig inguinale
A circumflexailium profunda O
M iliacus&
I M pectineus
N femoralis:
a V saphena magna
A profundafemoris a
: R muscularis(N femoralis)
A, femoralis* O
. V femoralis
l\4 tensor fasciae latae S
C lvl adductorlongus
M rectuslemorisi
s N4gracilis
G l\4 sartorius
l\4 vastuslateralis
a
a M vastus medialis
R articularis
a
(A descendens
genus)
1154
11 5 6
Rete patellarea
Lig, patellae
F i g . 1 3 9 1 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f t h i g h
R e g i of e m o r i sa n t e r i o r ;
a f t e r r e m o v a L otfh e f a s c i a[ a t ae x c e o tf o r t h e i I i o t i b i a L t r a c t .
* C [ i n i c a [ [t yh e f e m o r a t a r t e r yi s c o m m o n [ yr e f e r r e dt o a s s u p e r f i c i a t
f e m o r a Ia r t e r y t o d i s t i n g u i s hi t f r o m t h e d e e pa r t e r y o f t h i g h
Muscles
To p o g r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
Thigh PopliteaIfossa [-eg
Fc*t
Vesse/s
and nervesof the thiqh
N obturatorius
N cutaneuslemoris lateralis :
N temoralis
M i l i a c ua
s
a A femoralis
* l\4 pectineus
(A obturatoria)
a R acetabularis
a R anterior(A obturatoria)
., N. obturatorius
A circumflexafemoris lateralisa
femorismedialis
o A circumtlexa
A profunda femoris a
a R superficialis
(A circumflexa
femorismedialis)
M sartorius
A
R descendens a
(A circumflexa femoris lateralis)
o V femoralis
a A femoralis
M rectusfemorisi
,, R cutaneus(N obturatorius)
; N saphenus
R m u s c u l a r(i N
s femoralis)
vastoadductorium*
li M gracilis
N saphenus
M vastusmedialist
I l\4 sartorius
R articularis(A descendensgenus) O
Fig.1392 Vesselsand n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f t h i g h ,
a f t e r p a r t i a Ir e m o v a o
I f t h e s a r t o r i u sm u s c [ ea n d d i s s e c t i o n
of
t h e p e c t i n e u sm u s c l e .
+ T h ee n t r a n c ei n t ot h e a d d u c t o cr a n a Ii s f o r m e db y t h e v a s t u sm e d i a [ i s
a n d a d d u c t o [r o n g u sm u s c l e sa s w e t l a s b y t h e a n t e r o m e d i a L
se
intermuscuLa
r p t u ms p a n n i n gb e t w e e nt h e m
> Lowertimb
SurrfaeelSkeletonl
I/esselsand nervesof thethigh
.. N obturatorius
V iliaca externa a
o V saphena magna
A iliaca externa a
a A circumflexafemoris medialis
N femoralis i
M i l i a c ucs
o V femoralis
A profunda
femorisa
o V profunda femoris
R ascendens O
A circumflexa
femoris lateralis
c} M adductorbrevis
R descendens a
c N4adductorlongus
a A pertorans
(N femoralis)
Rr musculares
,
M rectustemoris$
R cutaneus(N obturatorius)
s l\4 adductorlongus
A perforans
a
o V femoralis
* M gracilis
l\il vastus lateralis I
R muscularis(N femoralis) ,
M rectus femoris €t
I M adductor magnus
a A femoralis
Hiatus adductorius
vastus medialis fl
O A descendens genus, R saphenus
N saphenusa,
O l\4 sartorius
genus
a A superiormedialis
A poplitea
genusa
Retearticulare
genus
o A inferiormedialis
1'l5I+
11 5 6
11 5 9
t,
t'-
V
1392 1408
F i g . 1 3 9 3 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f t h i g h ,
d e e pl a y e ra f t e r p a r t i a Lr e m o v a o
I f t h e s a r t o r i u sa n d r e c t u sf e m o r i s
m u s c l e s t, h e p e c t i n e u sa n d a d d u c t o rl o n g u sm u s c t e sh a v eb e e n
d i s s e c t e d ; t haed d u c t ocr a n a L
i s a L m o set n t i r e Loyp e n e d .
Muscles
Thigh PoptiteaI
fossa Leg
Foot
Arteriesof thepelvisand thehip
Aorta,Bifurcatioaortae
A. iliacacommunis
A. iliaca interna
A. epigastricainferior
A epigastricasuperficialis
R. obturatorius
A circumflexailiumsuperficialis
R. pubicus
A. femoralis
Lig.inguinale
Aa. pudendaeexternae
R. ascendenset R. transversus
R. acetabularis
R. ascendens
R. anterior
A. profundafemoris
R. posterior
A. circumflexafemorislateralis
A. obturatoria
R. transversus
R. acetabularis
A. circumflexafemorismedialis
R. profundus
R. descendens
R. superficialis
Aa perforantes
R descendens
Fig.1394 Arteriesof the hipandthe thigh;
overvtew.
patternof thesearteriesvariesconsiderab[y.
Thebranching
T h i st y p eo f o r i g i na n da r b o r i s a t i oonf t h ed e e pa r t e r yo f t h i g h
occursin approximate[y
58%of cases.
A. lumbalis
V
lAortaabdominalisl
A. sacralismediana
A. iliacacommunis
A. iliacaexterna
A iliacainterna
A. gluteasuperior
Caputfemoris
A. obturatoria
F i g .1 3 9 5 A r t e r i e o
s f t h ep e t v ias n dt h et h i g h ;
d i g i t asI u b t r a c t i oann g i o g r a p h
I Dy S A I .
> LowerLimb
Veinsand nervesof the thigh
(Ll -L3)
(N iliohypogastricus)
R culaneuslateralis
N n c l u n i u mm e d i i ( S 1 - S 3 )
Sulcusglutealis
(N cutaneus
Nn cluniuminferiores
temorisposterior)
N cutaneus
femorislateralis
Fascia lata
R cutaneus(N obturatorius)
femorisoosterior
N cutaneus
V saphena magna
V saphenaparva
F i g , 1 3 9 6 E p i f a s c i avte i n sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o n
o f t h i g h ,R e g i of e m o r i sp o s t e r i o rt,h e g L u t e arIe g i o n .
R e g i og L u t e a I i sa,n d t h e p o p l . i t e af ot s s a ,F o s s ap o p L i t e a .
Crista iliaca
superior
(Foramen
suprapiriforme)Foramen
N gluteussuperior
ischiadicum
(Foramen
infrapiriforme) maJus
Foramenischiadicum
majus
N ischiadicus
N gluteus inferior
M piriformis
N pudendus
Lig sacrospinale
Trochantermajor
N cutaneus
femorisoosterior
Tuberischiadicum
Lig sacrotuberale
Tuberischiadicum
F i g . 1 3 9 7 S k e t e t o nc o n t o u ra n d s c i a t i cn e r v e ,
N . i s c h i a d i c u sp,r o j e c t e do n t ot h e s u r f a c eo f t h e
g t u t e a Lr e g i o n ,R e g i og t u t e a t i s .
Foot
Vessels
andnervesof the thigh
a M gluteusmedius,Fascia
N n c l u n i u mm e d i i ( S 1 - 5 3 ) : r
M gluteusmaximusa
is Nn cluniuminferiores
(N cutaneus
femorisposterior)
Tractusiliotibialis
femorisoosterior
* N cutaneus
M gracilisI
M semitendinosus
a
a M.vastuslateralis
M. semimembranosus
a
a M bicepsfemoris
V popliteao
M semimembranosus
a
* N tibialis
d N. fibulariscommunis
A. popliteaa
suraelateralis
{i N cutaneus
(N fibularis
communis)
M gastrocnemius
a
N cutaneussuraemedialist
a V saphena parva
a M biceps femoris, Tendo
F i g . 1 3 9 8 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e g L u t e arLe g i o n ,
R e g i og t u t e a t i st,h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f t h i g h ,R e g i of e m o r i s
p o s t e r i o ra, n d t h e p o p t i t e aflo. s s a ,F o s s ap o p [ i t e a .
> Lowertimb
Muscles
Vessels
(L1-L3) "
N n c l u n i u mm e d i i( S 1 - S 3 ) { ,
(Fascia glutea)
o M gluteusmaximus
N n c l u n i u mi n f e r i o r e s ,
(N cutaneus femoris posterior)
,r N ischiadicus
N cutaneus
femorisposterior
t,
a A perforans
e lvl bicepsfemoris,Caputlongum
N t i b i a l i,s,
semitendinosus
I
a Aa,perforanles
Hiatusadductoris
N fibularis
communis
M. gracilisC
l\4 semimembranosus
a
A popliteaa
l\il sartorius O
V popliteao
,. N cutaneussuraelateralis
N cutaneussuraemedialis
A superiormedialis
genusa
(N tibialis)*
Rr musculares
M gastrocnemius,
|l
Caputmediale
N .s u r a l i s
Caputlaterale
O M gastrocnemius,
r400
13 9 8
F i g . 1 3 9 9 V e s s e l sa n d n e r v e so f t h e g l u t e a Ir e g i o n ,R e g i og l u t e a [ i s ,
t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f t h i g h ,R e g i of e m o r i sp o s t e r i o r ,
a n d t h e p o p t i t e afLo s s a ,F o s s ap o p L i t e a ;
t h e l o n g h e a do f t h e b i c e p sf e m o r i sm u s c [ eh a s b e e nr e t r a c t e d
IateraLty.
I n t h i s s p e c i m e nt ,h e m e d i a L a n[da t e r a I s u r a I c u t a n e onuesr v e sb r a n c h
o f f q u i t ef a r p r o x i m a t L y
Vessels
A glutea superior,R superticialis1
* M gluteusmedius
M gluteusmaximuso
I M piriformis
superior
a l\4 gemellus
internus
c M obturatorius
c lvl gemellusinferior
N gluteus inferiok
O R ascendens (A. circumflexa
femoris medialis)
A gluteainferior
a
a R superficialis(A circumflexa
femoris medialis)
A ; V p u d e n dian t e r n a o
a M. quadratus temoris
N cutaneus
Iemorisposterior
N ischiadicus*
a A perforans
a M. adductormagnus
(N tibialis)*
Br musculares
M bicepstemoris,Caputlongums
O Aa perforantes
M semitendinosus
o
o M bicepstemoris,Caputlongum
t l\il biceps lemoris, Caput breve
M semimembranosusa
V popliteao
communis
!, N fibularis
N cutaneus surae medialis :
V saphenaparvaa
F i g . 1 4 0 0 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e g t u t e a Ir e g i o n ,R e g i og L u t e a l ' i s ,
t h e p o s t e r r or e g i o no f t h i g h ,R e g i of e m o r i sp o s t e r i o r ,
a n d t h e p o p L i t e af oI s s a ,F o s s ap o p L i t e a ;
o f t h e g L u t e u sm a x i m u sm u s c l ea n d t h e L o n gh e a d
a f t e rd i s s e c t i o n
o f t h e b i c e o sf e m o r i sm u s c L e
1399
11113
'14'lIr
> Lowertimb
Hip
Vessels
and nervesof theglutealregion
Trigonum
lumbale
l, R cutaneus lateralis(N iliohypogastricus)
Rr profundia a
(A ; V.gluteasuperior)
abdominis
Cristailiaca
N gluteussuperior&
a M gluteusmedius
s inimus
a M .g l u t e u m
N gluteusinferior*
a M gluteusmedius
A;Vgluteainferioraa
I M gluteusmaximus
lVI.gluteusmaximusI
o M piriformis
cutaneus
temorisposterior
{t
superior
a M gemellus
N. ischiadicusE
internus
a M. obturatorius
a l\4.gemellusinferior
A ; V. pudenda interna a a
Lig sacrotuberale
a M obturatoriusexternus
femoris
a M quadratus
Trochanter
minor
Rr.profundi(A circumflexa
femorismedialis)
O
a M adductormagnus
F i g . 1 4 0 1 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e g t u t e a lr.e g i o n ,R e g i og l . u t e a l . i s ;
a n d p a r t i a Ir e m o v a o
I f t h e g l u t e u sm a x i m u sa n d m e d i u sm u s c L e s ;
t h e s c i a t i cn e r v eh a s b e e nr e m o v e da f t e r i t s p a s s a g et h r o u g ht h e i n f r a p i r i f o r mf o r a m e n
Crista iliaca
M gluteusmedius
gluteussuperior
N. ischiadicus
Trochantermajor
Fig.1102 VentrogtuteaI
injection(accordingto v HOCHSTETTERJ.
a n d t h e p a l m o f t h e h a n do n t h e g r e a t e rt r o c h a n t e rS. i n c et h e
I n o r d e rt o a v o i dt h e s u p e r i o rg I u t e a In e r v ea n d ,i n p a r t i c u l . a r ,
i n j e c t e dm a t e r i a Is h o u I db e d e p o s i t e d
w i t h i nt h e b e t | . oy f t h e
t h e s u p e r i o rg t u t e a Ia r t e r yt h e i n j e c t i o ni s m a d e i n t ot h e
g l u t e u sm e d i u sm u s c l ea s f a r a w a ya s p o s s i b l ef r o m a n yv e s s e l ,
t r i a n g u [ a rf i e t df o r m e db y t h e t w o s p r e a df i n g e r sa n d t h e i l . i a c
t h e n e e d t es h o u t dn o t c r o s st h e [ i n e so f t h e t r i a n g t e H
. owever,
c r e s t .T h e i n d e xf i n g e r- o r w h e n u s i n gt h e r i g h t h a n d ,t h e
s o m e r i s k r e m a i n sf o r t h e n e r v eb r a n c ht h a t r u n s f r o m t h e
m i d d [ ef i n g e r- i s p t a c e do n t h e a n t e r r o rs u p e r i o ri L i a cs p i n e
s u p e r i o rg t u t e a In e r v et o t h e t e n s o rf a s c i a el a t a em u s c L e .
Topography
Foot
Veinsandnervesof the leq
V saphena
magna
N saphenus
V saphena parua
R infrapatellaris
(N saphenus)
N cutaneus
surae lateralis
(N fibularis
communrs)
N saphenus
V perforans
V pedorans*
Rr cutanei
crurismediales
(N saphenus)
Rr cutaneicrurismediales
(N saphenus)
N cutaneus
suraemedialis
(N tibialis)
V saphena
parua
(V arcuatacrurisposterior)
R communicans
fibularis
N suralis
Fasciacruris
Fasciacruris
Rr cutaneicrurismediales
(N saphenus)
V marginalis
lateralis
Arcusvenosus
dorsalispedis
N fibularis
superficialis
N cutaneus
dorsalismedialis
cutaneus
dorsalis
intermedius
Rete venosum
dorsale pedis
V marginalismedialis
V saphena parva
13 8 6
+
I
:-;' ' - ' -
F i g . 1 4 0 3 E p i f a s c i avle. i n sa n d n e r v e so f t h e [ e g
a n d t h e f o o t ,R e g i o n e cs r u r i s e t p e d i s .
N cutaneus
dorsalis
(N suralis)
lateralis
1396
*k
veinsand nervesof the [eg
Fig, 1t Ot, Epifascial.
a n d t h e f o o t ,R e g i o n e sc r u r i se t p e d i s ;
t h e d e e pf a s c i ao f [ e g h a s b e e nd i s s e c t e d
proximatty.
* C t i n i c at eI r m :M A Yv' se i n
> Lowertimb
Vessels
andnervesof the leg
o (V femoropoplitea)
V saphena magna a
V saohena oarva O
A. popliteaa
& N tibialis
Nodi lymphoideipopliteiprofundi
a V. poplitea
Vasa lymphaticasuperficialia
Fasciacruris
M gastrocnemiusil
a V saphenaparua
V saphenamagnaa
F i g . 1 4 0 5 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e p o p t i t e afIo s s a ,
Fn<<a
nnnlitaa.
o f t h e d e e pf a s c i ao f l e g a n d p a r t i a Ir e m o v a l
o f t h e s m a t [s a p h e n o uvse i n .
.:
Fasciacruris
Septum
intermusculare
crurisanterius
1 Compartimentumcruris
anterius:
A ;V tibialisanterior
profundus
N fibularis
l\il tibialisanterior
lvl extensordigitorumlongus
lvl extensorhallucislongus
l\/ fibularis
tertius
lperoneus]
posterius,Pars profunda:
A;Vtibialisposterior
A ; V fibularis
N .t i b i a l i s
l\4.llexordigitorum
longus
l\4.tibialisposterior
M llexorhallucislongus
laterale:
N fibularissuperficialis
l\4 fibularis
longus
[peroneus]
Nl fibularis
brevis
Iperoneus]
4 Compartimeniumcruris
posterius,Pars superficialis:
lV tricepssurae
l\4 plantaris
Tibia
Septum
intermusculare
crurisposterius
Membrana
interossea
crufls
V saphena
magna
N saphenus
Fascia cruris
N cutaneus
suraemedialis
V saphenaparua
F i g . 1 4 0 6 O s t e o f i b r o ut su b e so f t h e l e g ;
c r o s s - s e c t i osnu p e r i o rt o t h e m i d d t eo f t h e l e g
T h e s eo s t e o f i b r o utsu b e st o g e t h e rw i t h t h e i r c o n t e n t s
a r e c t i n i c a [ Lkyn o w na s c o m p a r t m e n t s
* Deeppartof thedeepfasciaof leg
Topography
Fnot
Vesselsof the leg
Caput fibulae
Tuberositastibiae
longustD
i* M tibialisanterior
(Noduslymphoideus
tibialisanterior)
Vasa lymphaticaprofunda
W tibialesanteriores
a
a lvl tibialisanterior,Tendo
A tibialisanterior a
M extensor hallucislongus o
longus$
M extensor
digitorum
inferius
extensorum
musculorum
Retinaculum
MalleolusIateralis
13 9 1
*t!*
l!l
A b b . 1 4 0 7 V e s s e t so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f t e g ,
R e g i oc r u r i sa n t e r i o r ;
t h e e x t e n s o rm u s c t e ss p r e a db y r e t r a c t o r s .
T h e s u p e r f i c i atty m p h a t i c sr e g u t a r t yf o t l o wt h e m a j o re p i f a s c i a I
v e i n sa n d c o n v e r g ea L o n gt h e g r e a ts a p h e n o u vs e i nt o t h e
. h e d e e pl y m p h a t i c sa r e f o u n dw i t h i n
m e d i a ts i d eo f t h e L e gT
t h e c o n n e c t i v tei s s u es h e a t h so f t h e d e e pa r t e r i e sa n d v e i n so f
the Leg.
> Lowerlimb
M us c l es
Arteriesand nervesof the leg
A superiorlateralis
genuso
A inferiorlateralis
genusa
genus
a A superiormedialis
genus
a Betearticulare
N fibulariscommunis
M fibularis[peroneus]longus *
Lig patellae
M extensor
digitorum
longus*
A recutrens
tibialisanteriora
N libularisprofundus:
O A tibialisanterior
N fibularis
superticialis
,
M fibularis[peroneus]longus S
lvl extensordigitorumlongus{
I lvl tibialisanterior
N libularissuperficialis
i
fibularisprofundus
M fibularis[peroneus]brevis G
O l\il extensor hallucislongus
M. extensor digitorum longus O
A libularis, R perforansa
Retinaculum
musculorum
extensorum
inferius
Rete malleolarelateralea
A malleolarisanterior lateralisa
; N fibularisprofundus
a A dorsalispedis
l\4 extensor digitorum brevis *
fibularis[peroneus]tertius,Tendo *
, Nn digitalesdorsales pedis
a Aa metatarsales
dorsales
13 9 1
1392
A 1416
I"
'lI+07
F i g . 1 4 0 8 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e a n t e r i o rr e g i o no f l e g ,
R e g i oc r u r i sa n t e r i o r a
, n d t h e d o r s u mo f f o o t ,D o r s u mp e d i s ;
a f t e rr e m o v ao
I f t h e d e e pf a s c i ao f t e ga n d d i s s e c t i o n
of the extensor
d i g i t o r u ml o n g u sa n d f i b u [ a r i s[ p e r o n e u s[]o n q u sm u s c t e s .
Thigh PoptiteaIfossa Leg
Foot
Arteriesandnervesof thepoplitealfossa
M gracilisa
a l\4 bicepsfemoris
M semitendinosus
O
M semimembranosus
o
{* N tibialis
V popliteaO
communis
& N. fibularis
A popliteaa
genus
a A. superiorlateralis
genusa
A. superiormedialis
suraelateralis
t N. cutaneus
V saphenaparvaa
a Aa.surales
Rr musculares
(N tibialis)$
E N cutaneussuraemedialis
M gastrocnemius,
Caputmedialea
communis
* N fibularis
a M bicepsfemoris,
Tendo
M gastrocnemius,
Caputlateralea
Fig.lt 09 VesseLs
and nervesof the poptiteaL
fossa,Fossapopl.itea;
a f t e r r e m o v a I o ft h e f a s c i a[ a t aa n d t h e d e e of a s c i ao f t e o .
A perforans
M semimembranosus
M semitendinosus
M biceps femoris
l\4 gracilis
genus
A descendens
A superiormedialis
genus
genus
A superiorlateralis
M semimembranosus
M. bicepsfemoris
A. media genus
A poplitea
M plantaris
M gastrocnemius,
Caputlaterale
Aa surales
genus
A inferiorlateralis
genus
A. inferiormedialis
lvl popliteus
M. soleus
M soleus
(A recurrens
tibialisposterior)
A tibialisanterior
(Truncustibiofibularis)
A tibialisposterior
F i g . 1 4 1 0 A r t e r i e so f t h e p o p t i t e afIo s s a ,F o s s ap o p L i t e a ;
d e m o n s t r a t i o on f t h e a r t e r i a Is u p p t ya f t e r p a r t i a I
M soleus
A. fibularis
r e m o v ao
I f t h e c o v e f l n gm u s c L e s .
g a t t e r ni s f o u n di n a b o u t9 0 %o f t h e c a s e s .
T h i sb r a n c h i n o
> LowerLimb
Surface
lSkel.etonl
[/esselsandnervesof thepoplitealfossaand the leg
I M biceps femoris
M semitendinosus
I
{ N tibialis
A popliteaa
a V poplitea
a V saphenaparua
lvl semimembranosus
Q
a M gastrocnemius,Caput laterale
aOA;V suralis
(N tibialis)
, Rr musculares
A :V suralia
s a
N fibulariscommunis
M gastrocnemius,Caput mediale *
genusO
A inferiormedialis
W tibialesposteriores
o
f lvl soleus
Arcustendineus
musculisolei
M plantaris,Tendo *
I M gastrocnemius
longus
O l\4 fibularislperoneus]
N tibialis ,
brevis
I lM fibularis[peroneus]
A ;V tibialisposterior
a a
NI tibialisposterior,
Tendo6
Malleolus
lateralis
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
1400
Tendo calcaneus
1
fibularium
Relinaculum
musculorum
superius
Iperoneorum]
11,13
,,
'lI+Ol+
"I t
F i g . 1 1 1 1 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p o p l i t e afLo s s a ,F o s s a
p o p t i t e aa, n d t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f L e g R
, e g i oc r u r i s p o s t e r i o r ;
F i g . 1 1 1 2a - d V a r i a t i o n si n t h e b r a n c h i n gp a t t e r no f t h e
p o p t i t e aaLr t e r y ,A . p o p [ i t e a .
a C o m m o nt r u n ko f t h e a n t e r i o ar n d p o s t e r i otri b i a L a r t e r y ,
A a . t i b i a t e sa n t e r i o re t p o s t e r i o ra, L o n gw i t h t h e f i b u t a r
a r t e r y ,A . f i b u t a r i s
b T h e p o p t i t e aaLr t e r y ,A p o p t i t e ab, r a n c h e so f f p r o x i m a L [t yo
L u s c L eM
t h e s u p e r i o rb o r d e ro f t h e p o p t i t e am
, . popLiteus.
c P o s t e r i o tri b i a L a n df i b u L a ar r t e r y ,A a .t i b i a l . i ps o s t e r i o r
e t f i b u [ a r i so, r i g i n a t ef r o m a c o m m o np r o x i m a tI r u n k .
d T h e a n t e r i o rt i b i a Ia r t e r y ,A t i b i a L i a
snterior,
p a s s e sv e n t r a I Ltyo t h e p o p L i t e amI u s c [ e ,M p o p [ i t e u s .
of the
a f t e r r e m o v a L otfh e d e e pf a s c i ao f L e ga n d d i s s e c t i o n
o a s t r o c n e m i um
s uscte
- Lo/o
-30k
- 1To
MuscLes
T opog r a p h yI S e c ti o n s
ThiEh Poplitealfossa Leg
Fc*t
fossaand the leg
Vessels
andnervesof thepopLiteal
1 N fibulariscommunis
; N tibialis
A i n f e r i o rm e d i a l i sg e n u s a
A popliteaa
M soleus&
A libialis posterior O
N tibialis r
M tibialisposterior
s
M llexordigitorum
longus{F
A tibialisposterior
a
* M flexor hailucislongus
N tibialis;
M tibialisposterior,Tendo *
Malleolus
lateralis
lvlalleolusmedialis
Retinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
musculorum
fibularium
Retinaculum
superius
lperoneorum]
Tendocalcaneus
i
.:\
1398
F i g . 1 4 1 3 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e p o p l i t e afIo s s a ,F o s s a
p o p t i t e aa, n d t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f L e g R
deep layer.
> Lowertimb
$unface lSke[etonl
Arteriesand nervesof the leg
A popliteao
inferiormedialisgenus a
N tibialis
t M plantaris
l\4 popliteus
*
A tibialisanteriorO
(Truncus
tibiofibularis)
a
* M soleus
M soleus dt
M tibialisposteriorI
A. tibialisposterior
a
a A fibularis
N tibialis
l\4 flexordigitorum
longus&
f M fibularis[peroneus]longus
o l\4 llexor hallucislongus
A tibialisposteriora
brevis
s [/] fibularis[peroneus]
lvl tibialisposterior,Tendo @
Rr malleolaresmediales a
M flexor hallucislongus,Tendo *
a Rr malleolareslaterales
Tendo calcaneus
Rr calcanei O
a Retecalcaneum
F i g . 1 1 1 1 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p o p l i t e afIo s s a ,F o s s a
p o p I i t e aa, n d t h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f L e g R
d e e o e s lt a v e r .
Muscl"es
To p o g r a p h yI Se cti o n s
Foot
Veinsandnervesof the foot
t: N saphenus
, N cutaneus surae medialis (N tibialis)
a V saphena magna
Malleolusmedialis
Malleoluslateralis
o V saphenamagna
N cutaneusdorsalismedialis
, N. saphenus
N culaneusdorsalisintermedius
V saohenaparvao
medialis
o V maroinalis
cutaneus
dorsalis
lateralis
a V pertorans
V marginalislateralisO
Nn digitales
t N tibularisprofundus,
rl^rcalac
Arcusvenosusdorsalispediso
Vv digitalesdorsales pedis a
Nn digitalesdorsales pedis
F i g , 1 4 1 5 E p i f a s c i avLe i n sa n d n e r v e so f t h e d o r s u mo f f o o t ,
D o r s u mp e d i s .
na.lic
> L o w e rt i m b
Surface lSkeletonl Musctes
Arteriesand nervesof the foot
M extensor
digitorum
longusfi
s M tibialisanterior,Tendo
l\4 extensorhallucislongus*
o A malleolarisanterior medialis
R perforans(A fibularis)a
A tibialisanlerior a
A malleolarisanterior lateralisa
a Rete malleolaremediale
a A malleolarisanteriormedialis
Rete malleolarelateralea
; N fibularisprolundus
(N fibularisprofundus)
* Rr musculares
L4mextensores
digitorum
et hallucisbrevisO
a Aa tarsalesmediales
A tarsalislateralis
a
a A dorsalispedis
(A arcuata)a
profunda
o A plantaris
Aa metatarsales
dorsalesa
|) l\4 extensor hallucisbrevis,Tendo
a M extensor hallucislongus,Tendo
', Nn digitalesdorsales pedis
Aa digitalesdorsales a
1408
,r-l:
/1,'
'lI+15
F i g , 1 1 1 6 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e d o r s u mo f f o o t .
D o r s u mo e d i s .
Foot
Aa digitalesplantarespropriae
Aa. digitalesplantarescommunes
Aa metatarsalesolantares
A. plantarisprofunda(A. dorsalispedis)
Arcusplantarisprofundus
R superficialis
R. profundus
A. olantarismedialis
A olantarislateralis
A. tibialisposterior
Fig. 1117 Arteriesof the soteof foot,
Planta;
overytew.
27 To
26 o/o
F i g .1 4 1 8a - d V a r i a t i o ni nst h ea r t e r i asI u p p Loyf t h es o l eo f
f o o t ,P t a n t a .
a Dorsalispedisartery,A. dorsatispedis,as majorsupptyfor
t h ed e e pp l a n t aar r c hA
, r c u sp t a n t a r ipsr o f u n d u s
b Posterior
tibiaLartery,A. tibiatisposterior,
as majorsuppl.y
for the deepptantararch,Arcusptantaris
profundus
c Thefifthtoeand[ateraIpartsof thefourthtoearesupp[ied
by
r ,h e r e atsh e
t h ep o s t e r i ot irb i a a
I r t e r yA, . t i b i a t i p
s o s t e r i ow
o/o
13 Vo
mediatty
locatedtoesreceive
theirarteriatsuppty
remaining
throughthe dorsalispedisartery,A. dorsatispedis.
Thefifthandfourthtoeaswet[as lateraIoartsof thethird
l .r t e r yA, .t i b i a t i s
t o ea r es u p p t i ebdyt h ep o s t e r i ot irb i a a
posterior,
mediaLl.y
locatedtoes
whereasat[ remaining
throughthedorsatispedis
receive
theirarteriaIsuppl.y
artery,A. dorsatispedis.
> Lowertimb
Surface lSkel.etonl Musctes
Arteriesand nervesof thefoot
plantares
propriaea
Aa digitales
plantares
proprii::
Nn digitales
Nn digitates.i
ptanlarescommunes
Aa metatarsales plantares a
N plantarislateralis,*,
R superficialis
plantaris
proprius
a N digitalis
plantaris
Aponeurosis
Retinaculum
musculorum
f lexorum
Rr calcanei mediales (N tibialis)
{ N plantarismedialis
a A tibialisposterior
N plantarislateralis
Fi1.1119 Arteries and nervesof the soteof foot, Ptanta
Thigh Poplitealfossa Leg
Foot
Arteriesandnervesof the foot
M flexordigitorum
brevis,Tendines
a
o Aa digitalesplantarespropriae
plantares
communes
o Aa.digitales
o M flexor hallucislongus,Tendo
Nn. digitales €
planlarescommunes
a M flexor hallucisbrevis
longus
a M. flexordigitorum
a M. abductorhallucis
a M quadratusplantae
.9 (B cutaneus)
A. plantarislateralisa
medialis
s N plantaris
M abductor
digitiminimia
Betinaculum
musculorum
flexorum
ADoneurosis
olantaris
* (R muscularis)
M flexordigitorum
breviso
a A tibialis posterior
lateralis
& N. olantaris
o M. abductorhallucis*
Retecalcaneum
a)
1t+13
1t+21
Fig.112O Arteries and nervesof the so[e of foot, Ptanta;
oeep rayer.
* ThedistaIextension
space
of themediaIretromatteolar
beneath
theabductor
hallucismuscteis atsoknownastarsaI
tunne[.
1419
> L o w e rt i m b
Surfnc*
lSkeletcnl
Arteriesof the foot
plantares
proprii
Nn digitales
e M flexor hallucislongus.Tendo
Nn digitalesplantares :
communes
* Caputtransversum
I
I
a caputobtiquum )
plantares
Aa metatarsales
a
M adductorhallucis
C [,,]flexorhallucisbrevis
profundus
Arcusplantaris
a
o R perforans*
,
f R. superficialis
I
N plantaris
lateralis
1t \ H. proTunous
a A plantarismedialis,R superticialis
c lvl flexor hallucislongus,Tendo
l\4 adductor hallucis,Caput obliquum {l
o M llexor digitorum longus,Tendo
A plantarislateralisa
6 l\4 quadratusplantae
lvl abductordigiti minimi I
o M abductor hallucis
,' N. plantaris
medialis
flexordigitorum
brevisa
Retinaculum
musculorum
tlexorum
plantaris
Aponeurosis
Rete calcaneum a
1r+1l+
tI
t,
1I+20
Fig,It21
doonoci
A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e s o L eo f f o o t ,P t a n t a ;
larrer
+ A n a s t o m o s iws i t h t h e d o r s a [ i sp e d i sartery
Muscles
To p o g r a p h yI Se rtro rrs
T h i q h P n p l i t e a I f o s s aL e U F o o t
of the foot
Compartments
/ : / t''r'/''''
V saphena magna
Fascia dorsalis pedis
N fibularisprofundus
M extensor digitorum longus,Tendines
A dorsalispedis
M extensordigitorum
brevis
l\4 extensor hallucislongus,
Tendo
Ossametatarsi
Lig plantarelongum
(Septa longitudinalia)
plantaris
Aponeurosis
l\4 flexor hallucislongus,Tendo
Fig. 1122 Compartmentsof the foot;
qionuriqo
r
**
***
****
<ociinn
S n a c eo f t h e i n l e r o s s em
i usctes
L a t e r a cI o m p a r t m e n t
MediaL
compartment
I n t e T m e d i a ct eo m p a r t m e n t
> Lowertimb
Surface
lSkeletonl
MuscLes
Leg
Thigh,obliquesection
a lvl tensor fasciae latae
a l\4 gluteusminimus
a M sartorius
M gluteusmediusa
a l\4 rectusfemoris,Tendo
A ; V.gluteasuperiora a
C M iliopsoas
, N femoralis
N gluteussuperior.,,
Lig iliofemorale
a A femoralis
Bursasubtendinea
iliaca
l\4 piriformis,
Tendoa
o V femoralis
a M pectineus
l\4 gemellus superior a
M obturatorius
internus,
TendoO
femoris
a A profunda
M gluteusmaximusc
g N obturatorius
M gemellus inferiora
o M adductorlongus
A; V glutea inferiora O
N gluteusinferior
a M adductorbrevis
M obturatorius
externusa
a M adductormagnus
N ischiadicus,
N cutaneus
femorisDosterior
,
femoris
t M quadratus
t l\4 semitendinosus
N4semimembranosus,
Tendos
F i q . 1 1 2 3 T h i g h ,F e m u r ;
o b L i q usee c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e h i pj o i n t
To p o q r a p h yI S e cti o n s
Font
Thighand leg,cross-sections
a M rectusfemoris
M vastusintermedius
a
Fascia lata
M vastuslateralist
a l\4 vastusmedialis
o v saphenamagna
Femur
ooA;Vfemoralis
I l\4 sartorius
Tractusiliotibialis
M bicepsfemoris.CaputbreveO
M biceps femoris, Caput longum O
a M gracilis
N ischiadicus
o M adductormagnus
o M adductorlongus
M semitendinosusC
O l\4 semimembranosus
F i g . I t 2 1 T h i g h ,F e m u r ;
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e m i d d t eo f t h e t h i g h .
M tibialisanteriore
Fasciacruris
l\4 extensor hallucislongus I
a A tibialisanterior
M extensor
digitorum
longusI
profundus
N fibularis
crurisanterius
lr4fibularislperoneusl
brevisI
I M flexor digitorum longus
a v saphena magna
longusa
Membrana interossea
crurisposterius
a M tibialisposterior
Fibula
O A tibialisposterior
M {lexor hallucislongus a
o M gastrocnemius,
Caputmediale
M soleuso
N tibialis
A fibularisa
o V saphenaparva
F i g . 1 t 2 5 L e g ,C r u s ;
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e m i d d t eo f t h e L e g .
I
> Lowertimb
M us c tes
Legand foot,sections
N fibularisprofundus *
A dorsalispedisa
a l\4 extensor hallucislongus,Tendo
N libularissuperficialis
I
a M tibialisanterior,Tendo
M extensor
digitorum
longus,Tendoa
Syndesmosistibiofibularis
O V saphenamagna
N saphenus
NI fibularis[peroneus]
|
longus,Tendo
a Nil tibialisoosterior,Tendo
breviso
longus,Tendo
a lvl flexordigitorum
A fibularis
O
6 N tibialis
M flexor hallucislonous I
V saphena parva a
Tendo
a M plantaris,
Tendocalcaneus
F i 1 . 1 1 2 6 L e g ,C r u s ;
c r o s s - s e c t ijouns ta b o v et h ea n k [ ej o i n t .
t l\4 extensorhallucislongus,Tendo
M extensor
digitorum
brevis,Tendoa
l\4 extensor
digitorum
longus,Tendoa
tertius,Tendo*
Tendo
a M tibialisanterior,
,, N saphenus
o V saphenamagna
Lig collaterale
mediale
Caput tali
Sustentaculum
tali
Fasciapedis
I
l\4,tibialisposterior,Tendo
Proc lateralistali
c M flexor digitorumlongus,Tendo
a M llexor hallucislongus,Tendo
brevis,Tendoc
O A plantarismedialis
longus,Tendot
medialis
s N plantaris
E N plantarislateralis
lateralis
o A plantaris
0 l\4 ouadratusolantae
Tendo calcaneus
Fi1.1127 Foot,Pes;
o b I i q u es e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e c a t c a n e u as n d t h e h e a do f t h e t a t u s
Topogr a p h yI Se c ti o n s
Foot
Foot,sagittalsections
Tendocalcaneus
Os cuneiforme intermedium
Os cuboideum
longus,Tendo
Articulatio
subtalaris
Os metatarsill
M interosseus
dorsalispedisI
Lig talocalcaneum
Interosseum
M extensordigitorum
longus,Tendo
Phalanx proximalis
Calcaneus
plantae
M quadratus
M llexor digitorum longus,
Tendo
M adductor
hallucis,
Caputobliquum
l\4 flexor
digitorum
brevis
N plantaris
lateralis
Lig plantare longum
plantaris
Aponeurosis
F i g . 1 t 2 8 F o o t ,P e s ;
s a q i t t a sL e c t i o nt h r o u q ht h e s e c o n dt o e .
N4 libialis
anterior, Tendo
l\4.flexor hallucislongus
Tibia
Linea epiphysialis
Articulatio
talocruralis
M triceps surae,
Tendo calcaneus
Talus
(Articulatio
talonavicularis)
Lig talocalcaneum
interosseum
Os naviculare
Calcaneus
Lig plantarelongum
Fig.1t29 Foot,Pes;
m a g n e t i cr e s o n a n c teo m o g r a p h yi m a g e{ M R l ) s; a g i t t a sI e c t i o n
> Lowertimb
...Top ogr aphy
I Sec ti ons
Foot
Foot,cross-section
andpedograms
l\4 interosseusdorsalis oedis ll
Mm extensores
hallucislonguset brevis,Tendines
l/m extensores
digitorum
longus
et brevis,Tendines
M interosseus
dorsalispedisI
Fasciadorsalispedis
M interosseus
dorsalisDedislll
plantaris
M. interosseus
I
M interosseusdorsalis oedis lV
l\4,adductorhallucis,
Caputobliquum
(M opponens digiti minimi)
M abductorhallucis
lvl flexor digiti minimi brevis
M flexorhallucislongus,Tendo
(Eminentia
plantaris
lateralis)
plantaris
M interosseus
lll
l\4 inlerosseusplantarisll
(Eminentia
plantaris
medialis)
M. flexorhallucisbrevis
Mm flexoresdigitorum
longuset brevis,Tendines
F i g . 1 4 3 0 O s t e o f i b r o utsu b e so f t h e f o o t ;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e m e t a t a r s u s
F i g . 1 4 3 1a - c F o o tp r i n t s ,p e d o g r a m s .
a NormaIfoot
b Pes cavus
c Ftat foot
tnoex
II
T h e n u m b e r sr e f e rt o t h e p a g en u m b e r s .
T h e n u m b e r sw i t h , T " r e f e rt o t h e n u m b e r so f t h e t a b t e si n t h e s e p a r a t eb o o k t e te n c t o s e di n V o l u m e1 .
Arteria[-ae]
Arcus
Anulus
- e p i g a s t r i icnaf e r i o 6r 0 - 6 1 , 6 6 ,
- inguinalis
ani
levatoris
muscu[i
profundus60,71,225 - tendineus
- - s u p e r f i c i a [5i 5
69,71-72,158-159,173,175,
230-231,317
s-58,50-61,
Abdomen
- - - s o l e i3 1 1 , 3 2 9 , 3 5 0 , 3 7 0
- computedtomography 248-21+9,
179,196,217, 221, 225,227
,229,
70,238-239
- venaeazygos115
- umbilicaLis
231, 236,253-254,359
46,52,56,58,6o,
251,255
- - - collateraI
- venosus
69
- cross-section 248-251
circutation
pedis365,
dorsalis
70, 72-73,140,159,2/+2
- - superficiatis
66,353,359
- frontal section 244-245
373
Anus 210, 212-21/+,230,232-233,
- - s u p e r i o6r 6 , 6 9 - 7 0 , 7 2
- - j u g u t a r i1
- median section 2/+2
s10
235
- v e r t e b r a5e- 8 ,1 5 ,1 7 , 2 0 , 2 2 , 2 9 , - - - collateratcirculation
69
- s a g i t t a Is e c t i o n 2 4 3 ,2 4 6 - 2 4 7
Aorta29,35,76-77,83,87,122,
- femoralis62,69,73,218,244,
32,41,45
126,174,242,249,359
A b d o m i n a I v i s c e r1a5 8 ,1 6 2 ,1 6 6 ,
- abdominalis
314, 317,351,353,
256-257,
Area(-ael
172
s. Parsabdomi- cnDrosa
- arteries 168
380-381
355-359,
lKenJluJ
natisaortae
- - superficia3
- gastricae130
- ascendens
t i 5s 1 , 3 5 6
s. Parsascendens
A b d o m i n aw
l a [ [ 5 8 , 6 6 ,6 9 - 7 1
- fibu[aris351,366,368-372,
- intercondylaris
- a n t e r i o r ,v i e w e df r o m i n s i d e 5 9 ,
anterior282,
aortae
- congestion,
381-382
293
circu[a71
cottateraL
- gastrica[-ael
- - posterior282
breves131,166,
- i n n e r v a t i o ns, e g m e n t a ts, e n s o r y
t i o n6 9
- descendens
168,170,173
67
s. Parsdescendens - n u d a1 1 9 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 5 , 2 4 2
- - d e x t r a1 3 1 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 , 1 7 2
- m u s c l e s 5 2 , 5 1 +5,6 - 5 8 ,6 0 - 5 1 ,
Areolamammae64
aortae
- - posterior170
- thoracica
Arteria
s. Parsthoracica
[-ae)
66,72-73, T1 4-r1 6
- - s i n i s t r a1 0 61, 3 11, 5 21, 5 5 ,
- appendicutaris
- posterior 220-221
168,17/+
aortae
- arcuata183,215,351,374
- s k e t e t o np r o j e c t i o n4 7
160,168,170-173,178-179,
Apertura
- a s c e n d e n1s7 6
- s u r f a c ea n a t o m y 4 6
- petvisinferior264-265
218,2l+l+,247,2l+9
- gastroduodenatis
- auricutaris
152,168
- - superior264-265
posterior38
A c e t a b u t a frl o o r 2 7 4
- axittaris54,113,120,122,12/+
170-173,242,244
Acetabular root 274, 280
Apex
- gastroomentatis
- bulbipenis234,240
dextra131,
- capitisfibutae283,291
A c e t a b u t u m2 5 6 ,2 6 1 ,2 6 6
- - vestibuti234
167-168,170-173
84-85,98-99,
A c h i l t e st e n d o ns . T e n d oc a t c a n e u s - cordis7/+-80,
- - s i n i s t r a1 3 11, 6 0 1, 6 8 ,
- caecatis
posterior174
101
A c i n ip a n c r e a t i c i1 5 3
- carotiscommunis69,74-75,
- dentis5
170-173,2/+7
A c r o m i o n 1 - 2 , 2 6 , l + 7 - / + 81,2 2
- gtuteainterior212,224-225,
- ossissacri 10-11
110-111,
89,98-99,104-107,
A d d u c t o rc a n a l 3 5 7 - 3 5 8
380
- patellae284,290-291
256-257
,351, 363-364,
113-114, 117-1 18,120-124
Ata
- - superior212,224-225,254,
- - e x t e r n a1 1 4
- o s s i si t i u m 7 2 , 2 5 4 , 2 6 4 ,
- pulmonis94-95,98-99,110,
- - i n t e r n a1 1 4
359,363,380
2 6 6 - 2 6 ,72 7 3
123
- h e [ i c i n a1e9 8
- caudae
- vesicae190-191,252
- - sacri 10
pancreatis
168
- hepatica
- c e r v i c a lpi sr o f u n d3a9 , 1 1 5
communis131,152,
Aponeurosis
A l c o c K ' sc a n a t 2 3 0 ,2 5 8
- - superficialis
218,249
- muscu[i
178-179,
168,170-173,
66
obtiqui
externiabdoAmputta
---AP-radiographlTl
- circumflexa
- d u c t u sd e f e r e n t i s7 1 ,1 9 1 ,
femorislateralis
m i n i s6 0 - 6 1
- - propria131,142,1t+6,152,
- plantaris299,30t+,
261,351,357-359
338,340,
195-196,236
'132,
- - - medialis260-261,351,
179,
- l D u o d e n u m1
155,167-168,170-172,
6-379,383-384
134-135,
342,37
l 30,
2l+3-244,2/+9
363-364
357-359,
Appendix(-cesl
179
- - variabitity
- - humeriposterior
170
- epididymidis
- h e p a t o p a n c r e a t i c1a3 5 ,1 5 4
37,122
193,239
- - i t i u m p r o f u n d1a7 9 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 7 , - iteates152,168,174-175,
251
- epiptoicae
- recti 210, 215, 242, 252-253,
s.Appendixl-cesl
- iteoco[ica168,17/+-175,
255
231, 356,359
omentates
257-258
- - - s u p e r f i c i a t5i 5
- fibrosahepatis142-143,
- t u b a eu t e r i n a e 1 4 0 , 1 6 7 , 2 0 1 ,
s , 3 5 3 , 3 5 9 - iliacacommunis167,179,212,
160,
- - s c a p u l a3e7 , 1 2 2
231,
214, 217_218, 221,22/+_229,
166
203,209,253
- colicadextra152,168,
- omentales
242-243,254,359
138-'139,
162,165,
A n a [h i a t u s 2 3 0
- - e x t e r n a6 9 , 7 1 , 1 7 9 , 1 9 6 , 2 1 2 ,
174-175
226,258
A n a s t o m o s e sp, o r t o c a v a [1 8 1 ,
- - media152,161,163-164,
- t e s t i s1 9 2 - 1 9 3 , 2 3 9
221, 22t+-225
, 227-229, 231,
ttJ
- v e r m i f o r m i1s3 8 - 1 4 0
236,253,317,354,356,
168,174-177
1 ,6 3 - 1 6 6 ,
Angte
- - sinistra167-168,175-177,
358-359
- between
175,209,251
neckandshaftof the
- - i n t e r n a2 1 2 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 4 - 2 2 5 .
- - projection
1 7 ,92 1 7
140
lemur 276
- coronaria(-ael
- - variations
227-229,231,354,356,359
- of antetorsion,
84,86
in position140
femur277
---variations224
- - dextra74-75,78-80,82,
- vesiculosae
200-201,
204
Angutus(-i)
- iliolumbaLis
217,221.224-225,
- costae49,101
127
8t -87,98, 119-120,
Arachnoidea
mater
229
- i n f e r i o1
87
angiograPhY
coronary
40
craniaLis
r -2,26-27
- inferiorlateralis
- - sinistra74-75,79-80,82,
genus289,
- spina[is40-41,43-45
- infrasternalis
46-47
351,368-369
- m a n d i b u l a1e2
98,119-1 20' 127
8/+-87,
Arcus
- - medialisgenu
- - - coronaryangiograPhY
2 s8 9 , 3 5 1 , 3 5 8 ,
- a n t e r i oart l a n t i s6 , 1 2 , 1 9
- ossispubis266
87
- aortae74-75,8l+-85,
369-372
- sterni46,50
89,98-99, - cremasterica193,225,238
- intercostatislesl 70,99,120,
- subpubicus
168,170,172
10 1, 10 4 - 10 5 ,10 7 - 10 8 ,1 1 t + - 1 1 5 ,- cystica142,1/+9,
268
- d e s c e n d egnesn u s3 5 13, 5 3 ,
127
- superior2
118-120,122,124
- - posteriores
l+5,54,73,75,
- - A P - r a d i o g r a 1p 1h 4
369
356-358,
Ansasubclavia
117,120
- digitates
(Pesl374
115-116
- - b r a n c h e1s 1 4
104-105,112-113,
dorsates
Anteftexio
{Uterus)203
- - s u p r e m a1 1 5
- - ptantares
- - v a r i a t i o n1s1 4
375,
communes
Anteversio
IUterus]203
- i n t e r t o b a r(eRse n )1 8 3 - 1 8 4 , 2 1 6
- cartitaginis
377
90
cricoideae
Antrumpyloricum130,133,135,
- intertobutares
---propriae375-377
- costa[is3, 46-47,52,207
[Heparl145
247
- jejunates152,168,174-175,
- dorsalis
- itiopectineus
clitoridis234
71,269,313,317,
AnuLus
- - p e d i s3 5 1 , 3 6 8 , 3 7 t + - 3 7 5 , 3 7 9177
- femoralis229
, , 242,244
355
- tienatis
splenica
s. Arterial-ael
- plantaris
- fibrosus24-25,29,42
382
profundus
351,375,
- lobarisl-es)
- - penis199,227,23t+,238-240,
98-99,
inferiores
- - dexterlCorl 77,8t,
378
- posterior
101,126
- - lDiscus
2l+4
attantis6, 12,18-19,
intervertebratisl
- ductusdeferentis
60,193,197, - - media98
/+5
33,39-40
- - superiores
98,125
- pubicus268
- - sinisterlCorl 77,79,84
227
A
Arteria(-ael
- t o b ic a u d a t i1 4 2
- l u m b a l e s 4 1 , 1 7 9 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 1 ,2 4 5 ,
359
- m a t t e o t a r i sa n t e r i o r[ a t e r a l i s
3 5 1 ,3 6 8 ,3 7 4
---medialis351,374
- m a r g i n a t i sc o t i 1 6 8 ,1 7 4 - 1 7 6
- m e d i ag e n u s2 8 9 , 3 5 1 , 3 6 9
- m e s e n t e r i c ai n f e r i o r 1 5 2 ,
16 7- 1 6 8 ,1 74 , 1 76 - 1 7 7, 1 7 9, 2 1 2 ,
2 1 4 , 2 1 ,72 2 1, 2 2 5 , 2 2 7, 2 5 0 - 2 5 1
---AP-radiographlT6
---variationslT6
- - superior 115,152-154,
16 7- 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 ,1 7 3 - 1 7 9 1
, 87,
217-2182
, 21,242-244,
250-251,255
---AP-radiographlTt+
---variationslT4
- m e t a t a r s a t e sd o r s a t e s3 5 1 ,3 6 8 ,
-
-
-
-
Arterial-ael
- r e c u r r e n st i b i a t i sa n t e r i o r3 5 1 ,
368
- - - p o s t e r i o r3 5 1 , 3 6 9 - 3 7 0
- r e n a t i s 1 5 2 ,1 8 2 - 1 8 3 ,1 8 5 ,1 8 7 ,
18 9 , 2 16 - 2 18 , 2 2 1 ,2 t + 2 - 2 4 3 ,
245-246,250
- - a c c e s s o r i a2 1 7
- - a r t e r i o g r a p h y2 1 6
- - p o [ a r i si n f e r i o r2 1 6
---superior216
- - v a r i a t i o n s2 1 6
- s a c r a L i s[ a t e r a t i s2 2 4 - 2 2 6
- - m e d i a n a1 7 7 , 1 7 9 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 7 ,
2 2 1 ,2 2 5 ,2 2 7- 2 2 9 , 2 5 3 ,3 5 9
- s e g m e n t a l i sb a s a l i sa n t e r i o r 9 8
---lateratis99
---mediatis99
---posterior99
- s e g m e n tliA r e n a t i s )2 1 6
- - a n t e r i o r i sh e p a t i c i1 2 4
---renatis171
374
- p l a n t a r e s3 7 5 - 3 7 6 , 3 7 8
- - p o s t e r i o r ihse p a t i c i1 2 4
- - - r e n a l i s1 7 1
m u s c u L o p h r e n i6
ca
9
- s i g m o i d e a e16 7- 1 6 8 ,1 76 - 1 7 7 ,
o b t u r a t o r i a7 1 ,2 1 2 ,2 2 l r - 2 2 5 ,
2 2 7, 2 2 9 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 6 - 2 3 ,72 5 6 - 2 5 7,
1 7 9 2, 1 2 , 2 1,72 5 4 , 2 s 8
- s p i n a l i sa n t e r i o r 4 5
261,317,355,357-359
- v a r i a b i t i t y2 2 9
- s p [ e n i c a1 5 2 ,1 5 4 - 1 5 6 1
, 61
o c c i p i t a t i3
s7-39
16 7- 1 6 8 ,1 7 0 - 1 7 3 ,1 7 8 - 1 7 9, 2 1 8 ,
ovarica 152, 167, 201, 204,209,
245,248-249
- s u b c t a v i a74 - 7 5 , 8 9 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,
223,228-229,253
p a n c r e a t i cdao r s a t i s1 6 8 ,1 7 1
104-1071
, 11- 1 1 3 ,11 5 ,11 7 , 1 2 3
- i n f e r i o r1 7 1
- - d e x t r a 6 9 , 9 9 ,1 1 / r ,1 1 8 ,1 2 0
- magna168
- - s i n i s t r a9 9 , 1 1 4 , 1 2 0 , 1 2 4
- s u b c o s t a t i s11 5 - 116 , 2 1 + 5
p a n c r e a t i c o d u o d e n aitni sf e r r o r
- s u b s c a p u [ a r i1s 2 4
168,173,177
- s u p e r i o r a n t e r i o1r 7 1 , 1 7 3
- s u p e r i o rl a t e r a l i sg e n u s 3 5 1 ,
- - p o s t e r i o r1 6 8 , 1 7 0 - 1 7 1 , 1 7 8
366,368-369
- - m e d i a t i sg e n u s 3 5 1 ,3 5 8 ,3 6 2 ,
p e r f o r a n t e s3 5 1 ,3 5 8 - 3 5 9 ,
362-363,369
368-369
- s u p r a d u o d e n a t1
p e r i c a r d i a c o p h r e n i c6a9 , 8 9 ,
i s6 8
- s u p r a r e n a t i s1 8 9
112-113,118
- - i n f e r i o r1 8 2 , 1 8 9 , 2 1 7
p e r i n e a t i s2 3 4 , 2 4 0
- - m e d i a 1 8 2 ,1 8 9 , 2 1 7
p h r e n i c ai n f e r i o r6 3 , 1 0 4 ,
- - superior 182,189
1 7 2 - 1 7 3 ,1 8 9, 2 1 7- 2 1 8 , 2 2 1
- - v a r i a t i o n s1 8 9
p t a n t a r i sL a t e r a t i s3 0 4 ,3 5 1 ,3 7 5 ,
- s u p r a s c a p u l a r i1s2 0
3 7 7- 3 7 8 , 3 8 2
- m e d i a t i s3 0 1 + , 3 5317, 5 , 3 7 8 ,
- s u r a [ e s3 5 1 , 3 6 9 - 3 7 0
- t a r s a t i s l - e s [l a t e r a t i s3 5 1 , 3 7 4
382
- p r o f u n d a3 7 / + - 3 7 5
- - m e d i a t e s3 5 1 , 3 7 4
- t e s t i c u t a r i s7 0 - 7 1 ,1 5 2 ,1 7 9 ,
p o p l i t e a2 8 4 ,2 8 9 ,3 2 0 ,3 2 9 ,3 5 1 ,
3 5 8 ,3 6 1- 3 6 3 , 3 6 6 ,3 6 9- 3 7 2
1 9 3 - 1 9 4 ,1 9 7, 2 1 7, 2 2 1- 2 2 2
- v a r i a t i o n s3 7 0
238-239,243, 251, 254, 256
nron:nrre:tire
1AQ
- - v a r i a t i o n s2 1 7
- t h o r a c i c ai n t e r n a 6 3 , 6 6 , 6 9 , 8 8 ,
p r o f u n d ab r a c h i i3 7
- femoris 256-257,261,351,
1 1 0 ,11 2 , 114 - 11 5 ,11 8 , 1 2 0 ,1 2 4 ,
356-3593
, 80
126
- p e n i s 1 9 8 - 1 9 9 , 2 2 6 - 2 2 7 , 2 3 9 , - - - c o t t a t e r acI i r c u l a t i o n
69
- - l a t e r a [ i s6 6
244
- t h o r a c o a c r o m i a t1i s2 0
p u d e n d ae x t e r n a 6 6 , 2 3 8 , 3 5 3 ,
- t h o r a c o d o r s a t i s1 2 4
359
- i n t e r n a2 1 0 , 2 1 2 , 2 2 / + - 2 2 5 ,
- t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r 1 0 6
- - s u p e r i o r1 1 0
227-229 , 231, 234, 236-237,
- t i b i a t i sa n t e r i o r2 8 3 ,3 5 1 ,
240-241, 256-258, 260-261,
363-364
366-370,372,37/+,381
- - p o s t e r i o r3 5 1 , 3 6 6 , 3 6 9 - 3 7 2 ,
p u t m o n a t i s l - e s1l1 2
- dextra 7t-76,84-85,88-89,
375-378,381-382
- t r a n s v e r s ac o t t i 3 8 - 3 9
9 5 , 9 8 - 10 1, 10 5 , 10 7 , 1 1 9 ,1 2 5
- s i n i s t r a 7 / + - 7 5 , 8 4 - 8 5 , 8 8 - 8 9 , - u m b i t i c a t i s7 0 - 7 1 1 5 9 ,1 8 5 ,
,
9 5 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,10 5 , 10 7 , 1 1 3 ,1 2 / 1
2 0 7, 2 2 4 - 2 2 5 ,? 2 7 - 2 2 9 ,2 3 6
- u r e t h r a [ i s1 9 9
r e c t a l i s2 1 2
- i n f e r i o r1 6 8 , 2 1 2 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 8 ,
- u t e r i n a 2 0 4 ,2 2 4 ,2 2 8 - 2 2 9
- - V a r i a b i t i t d t2 0 4
240-241
- m e d i a 2 1 2 , 2 2 4 - 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 9 - - v a r i a b i t i t y2 0 4
- superior 167-168,176-177,
- v a g i n a l i s2 0 4 ,2 2 8 - 2 2 9
- v e r t e b r a t i s2 4 , 3 4 , 3 7 , 3 9 - 4 0 ,
1 7 9 ,2 1 0 ,2 1 2 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 7- 2 2 9 ,
25/1
106,114.120
Arterial-ael
- v e s i c a t i s ( - e si nl f e r i o r 2 2 5 ,
227-228
- - s u p e r i o r e s7 0 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 ,
260
A r t e r i e sh, i p 3 5 9
A r t e r l o g r a p h y2 1 6
A r t h r o s c o p yA, r t i c u t a t i og e n u s
292
Articutatiol-nesl
- a c r o m i o c t a v i c u l a r i1s 2 2
- a t t a n t o a x i a t ilsa t e r a L i s1 7 - 1 9
- - m e d i a n aa n t e r i o r1 9
---posterior19
- a t t a n t o o c c i p i t a t1i 7
s -19
- c a t c a n e o c u b o i d e2a6 3 ,T 3 9
- c a p i t i sc o s t a e8 , 1 4 , 2 0 , 2 2
- c o s t o t r a n s v e r s a r i8a, 1 4 , 2 0
- c o s t o v e r t e b r a l e2s 0 - 2 2
- coxae 257, 263, 268-271,273,
Attas4-7,12,17-19,31,
33-34,
39-40
Atrium
- cordisdextrum74-76,78,82,
84-85,89,99,101,114,119-121
,
127,2/+3-244,255
- - sinistrum
75-76,79,82
84-85,89,99,101,114,119,
126-127
AuricuIa
- dextra74, 78-80,8l+,98,114
- sinistra7/+-76,
79,84-85,98,
101,114,126
Axitta 122-123
Axis4, 6-7,12,17-19,33
- petvis265
278-279,139
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h2 8 0
- L A U E N S T EpTr N
o j e c t i o n2 8 0
c u n e o c u b o i d e a2 f f i , f 3 9
c u n e o n a v i c u L a r2
i s6 3 ,T 3 9
f e m o r o p a t e l l a r i s2 6 3 ,2 8 4
g e n u s 2 6 3 ,2 8 t + - 2 8 92,9 2 ,3 2 3 ,
T39
- - A P - r a d r o g r a p2h9 1
- - a r t h r o s c o p y2 9 2
- - c r o s s - s e c t i o n2 8 4
- - f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 2 9 0
- - [ a t e r a Ir a d i o g r a p h2 9 1
- - MRt 293
- - s a g i t t a Is e c t i o n 2 9 0
- humeri 122-123,T39
- i n t e r c u n e i f o r m e s2 6 3 ,T 3 9
- i n t e r m e t a t a r s a t e s3 0 4 ,T 3 9
- i n t e r p h a L a n g epaeed i s 2 6 3 , I 3 9
- l u m b o s a c r a t i s2 6 8 - 2 7 1
- m e m b r ii n f e r i o r i s2 $ , f 3 9
---tiberi263,139
- m e n i s c o f e m o r a t i s2 6 3
- meniscotibial2
i s6 3
- m e t a t a r s o p h a t a n g e a { - a2e5l 3 ,
B a c k1 ,3 7
- cutaneous
innervation,
segmentat 36
- dermatomes
36
- [ i n e so f o r i e n t a t i o1n
- muscles26-34
- regions1
-
-
-
3 0 2 ,3 0 4 ,T 3 9
- h a t t u c i s3 3 6
pedis 300-303
sacrococcyge2
a 2 6 ,2 5 2 ,2 6 4
s a c r o i t i a c a1 , 16 , 1 76 , 2 0 5 ,2 3 0 ,
254, 263-264, 268-269,271-27 3,
280, 317,139
s t e r n o c t a v i c u L a r4i s6 , 5 1 , 119
s t e r n o c o s t a l e s5 1
s u b t a t a r i s2 6 3 , 3 0 4 - 3 0 5 , 3 8 3 ,
T39
t a l o c a t c a n e o n a v i c u t a r2i 6
s3,
303-305T
, 39
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h3 0 5
- f r o n t a ls e c t i o n 3 0 4
- t a t e r a lr a d i o g r a p h3 0 5
- s a g i t t a Is e c t i o n 3 0 4
t a l o c r u r a t i s2 6 3 ,3 0 1 ,3 0 4 - 3 0 5 ,
3 8 3 ,T 3 9
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h3 0 5
- f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 3 0 4
- l a t e r a Ir a d i o g r a p h3 0 5
- s a g i t t a ls e c t i o n 3 0 4
ta[onavicutari3
s 8 3 ,T 3 9
t a L o t a r s a t i s2 6 3 ,3 0 4 ,I 3 9
t a r s i t r a n s v e r s a2 9 6 , f 3 9
tarsometatarsaLes263,296
3 0 4 ,T 3 9
t i b i o f i b u t a r i s2 6 3 ,2 8 2 ,2 9 0 - 2 91 ,
293-294,T39
z y g a p o p h y s i a t i1s2 , 1 5 - 1 6 ,2 3 ,
2 5 ,2 9 , 3 5 . 2 7 2
B
-
-,,-l^-^
^^^r^-.,
JUr rdLg oi rdtut I ty
I
I
B A R T H o L I Ng'tsa n d 2 0 0 ,2 3 3 , 2 3 5
Basis
- o s s i sm e t a t a r s i 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2
---hattucis296
- - sacri 10-11,15,273
- pateltae 284,290-291
- p r o s t a t a e1 9 5
- p u t m o n i s9 5
- p y r a m i d i s1 8 3
B i f ur c a t i o
- aortae177,179,359
- t r a c h e a e 9 0 - 9 1 ,9 9 , 1 0 2 ,
104-105,107,119,125
- t r u n c ip u t m o n a t i s7 5 - 7 6 , 8 5 , 8 9
BoCHDALE
SK
triangte63
BOYD
s vern 352
B r o n c h is, e g m e n t asI . B r o n c h u s [ - i ]
s e gm en t a[ i s ( - e s ]
B r o n c h i o t u s l -9i J8
- t e r m i n a [ i s9 8
B r o n c h o g r a p h y / B r o n c h o s c o9p3y
- B i f u r c a t i ot r a c h e a e 1 0 2
- s e g m e n t abI r o n c h i1 0 2
B r o n c h u s [ - i J9 0 - 9 2 , 9 8
- a r t e r i a Is u p p t y 9 9
- b r o n c h o g r a p h y9 3
- b r o n c h o s c o p y1 0 2
- i n t r a s e g m e n t a t i s1 2 0 ,1 2 4
- [ i n g u [ a r i si n f e r i o r( B V ) 9 0 , 9 3 ,
102
- - s u p e r i o rt B l v l 9 0 ,9 3 , 1 0 2
- t o b a r i s l - e s9l 2 , 1 0 7
- - i n f e r i o r1 2 6
- - - dexter 90-91,95,120-121
- - - s i n i s t e r9 0 - 9 1 , 9 3 , 9 8
- - m e d i u s9 0 - 9 1 , 9 51, 2 1 , 1 2 6
- - s u p e r i o r1 2 5
- - - d e x t e r 9 0 - 9 1 , 9 5 , 9 91, 0 4 ,
tz3
- - - s i n i s t e9r 0 - 9 1 , 9 3 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,
102
- p r i n c i p a tdi e
s xte8
r 8 ,9 0 - 9 19, 5 ,
99,101-102,104-105,107,109,
112,115,117, 119-120,
125
- - s r n i s t e9r 0 - 9 1 , 9 3 , 9 5 , 9 9
102,104-105,
113,115,117
,
119,125
- projection
90
lndex
Canalis[-es]
- i n g u i n a t i s2 3 9
- n e r v ih y p o g t o s s i1 8
- obturatorius 212-213,230, 268,
278-279,316-317,355
- pudendati2
s 30
- p y t o r i c u s1 3 0 ,1 3 5 ,1 5 2
- s a c r a t i s 1 0 - 1 1 ,2 4 , 2 2 7 ,2 5 2 ,
2 7 1, 3 1 7
- v e r t e b r a [ i s3 , 2 4 ,4 1- 4 3 , 4 5 ,3 1 7
- - v e i n s4 2
C ap s u[ a
- a d i p o s a1 8 2 ,1 8 8 ,2 1 7 ,2 4 5 - 2 L 7 ,
249
- a r t i c u L a r i {sA r t i c u l a t i o
l 7-18
a t L a n t o a x i a LLias t e r a t i s 1
- - { A r t i c u L a t iaot l a n t o o c c l p i t a [ i s )
18
- - [ A r t i c u t a t i oc o s t o v e r t e b r a [ i s ]
21-22
- - l A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e J2 6 8 ,
270-271
- - l A r t i c u L a tgi oe n u s )2 8 5 ,2 9 0 ,
293,323
- - [ A r t i c u l a t i om e t a t a r s o p h a [ a n g e ah a t t u c i s 3l 3 6
- - [ A r t i c u L a t isot e r n o c l a v i c u t a r i s )5 1
- - ( A r t i c u t a t i oz y g a p o p h y s i a t i s l
25
- - { C o t u m n av e r t e b r a L i s4) 2
- f i b r o s a( R e n l 1 8 2 - 1 8 4 , 2 4 6 - 2 4 7
- i n f r a p a t e t l a r ip
s r o f u n d a2 8 5 ,
Caput
288-289
- b r e v e( M b i c e p sb r a c h i i l 5 4
- i s c h i a d i cm
a usculo
i bturatonl
- - { M b i c e p sf e m o r i s l3 1 8 ,
i n t e r n i3 11
- m u s c u [ si e m i m e m b r a n o s i
320-3233
, 6 3 ,3 8 1 ,r 4 0 ,r 4 6
- c o s t a e8 , 1 4 , 2 2 ,/ , 9
32 9 - 3 31
- e p i d i d y m i d i s1 9 2 - 1 9 4 2
- o m e n t a t i s1 5 7 ,1 6 1 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7 ,
, 3 9 ,2 5 2
- f e m o r i s 2 5 6 ,2 5 9- 2 6 1 ,2 71 , 2 7 3 ,
247-21+9
- s u b c u t a n ecaa l c a n e a3 3 8
2 7 5 - 2 7 7, 2 7 9 - 2 8 0 , 3 5 9
- f ibuLae262, 282-283,285-281,
- - c o c c y g e a3 7
- - i n f r a p a t e I L a r3i s0 6 , 3 1 3
291, 293-29/+,306, 3 13, 322, 332,
- - p r e p a t e [ [ a r i s2 8 4 , 3 0 6
367
- humeri 122-123
- - sacralis37
- [ a t e r a l el M g a s t r o c n e m i u s l
- - s p i n a ei t i a c a ep o s t e r i o r issu p e r i o r i s3 7
284, 286 -288, 320-323, 326,
- - t r o c h a n t e r i c3
3 2 8 - 3 3 0 ,3 6 2 ,3 6 9- 3 7 0 , T4 9
a1 1
- - l M t r i c e p sb r a c h i i l5 2
- s u b f a s c i a t ip
s88
s r e p a t e L [ a r i2
- [ o n g u m{ M b i c e p sb r a c h i i ]1 2 2
- s u b t e n d i n eiaL i a c a2 5 6 ,
- - [ M b i c e p s f e m o r i s ]3 1 7 - 3 2 3 ,
3 15 - 3 16 , 3 8 0
- - m u s c u t gi a s t r o c n e mm
iiedi3 6 2 - 3 6 3 , 3 8 0 - 3 8 1T,4 6
- - l M . t r i c e p sb r a c h i i l3 7 ,5 2
a l i s 3 11 , 3 2 9 - 3 3 1
- m e d i a L (eM g a s t r o c n e m i u s )
- - - obturatoriinterni 256-257
---sartorii316
2 8 4 ,2 8 6 - 2 8 7 , 3 0 83, 2 0 - 3 2 1 ,3 2 3 ,
- - p r e p a t e t l a r i3s1 3
, 6 2 , 3 6 9- 3 70 , 3 8 1 ,
3 2 6 ,3 2 8 - 3 3 1 3
- s u p r a p a t e t t asr i 2 8 5 , 2 8 8 , 2 9 0 ,
r49
- o b t i q u u mI M a d d u c t o hr a [ [ u c i s ]
292
- t r o c h a n t e r i cm
3 0 4 ,3 3 9 ,3 4 2 , 3 7 8 , 3 8 3 - 3 8T4 5, 2
a u s c u t gi L u t e i
- o s s i sm e t a t a r s i 2 9 5 , 2 9 8
m a x i m i 2 7 9 ,3 1 9 - 3 2 1
m e d i i2 5 6 , 2 7 9 , 3 1 1 , 3 2 1 - - - q u i n t i 2 9 6
- p a n c r e a t i s1 3 4 , 1 4 0 ,512 - 15 3 ,
16 7, 1 7 3 ,1 7 9 , 2 4 3 - 2 4 4
- p h a t a n g ilsP e s l 2 9 5
- rectum 278-2793
, 1 5 ,f / + 4
- r e f l e x u m 2 7 8 - 2 7 9 , 3 1 5T. 4 4
C a e c u m1 3 8 - 1 4 01, 5 8 ,1 6 2 - 1 6 6 ,
- rali 295-298,305, 382-383
1 7 5 , 2 0 ,92 5 1, 2 5 4
- transversum
- p r o j e c t i o n1 4 0
{ M a d d u c t o hr a t , 7 8 ,T 4 0 ,T 5 2
lucisl 339-3423
C a t c a n e u s2 9 5 - 3 0 13, 0 3 - 3 0 43, 8 3
C a r d i a1 0 9 ,1 3 0 - 1 3 11, 6 0 ,2 4 2 ,2 4 7
C a I i c e sr e n a l e s2 1 6
- majores 183,186,245
C a r i n at r a c h e a e 1 0 2 ,1 1 9
- m i n o r e s 1 8 3 - 1 8 4 ,1 8 6 ,2 4 6 ,2 5 0
Carti[ago[-inesl
- a r t l c u t a r i s2 8 4
Calx 262
- a r y t e n o i d e9
a1
C a n a fo f A L C O C K2 3 0 , 2 5 8
- b r o n c h l a t e9s 0 , 1 0 2
C an at i s[ - e s ]
- cornicutata
- a d d u c t o r i u s3 1 4 , 3 5 ' 1
91
- c o s t a l i s5 1 ,5 5 ,5 7 - 5 8 ,7 0 , 115 ,
- a n a t i s2 1 1 , 2 1 5 , 2 5 2
- c e r v i c i su t e r i 2 0 1 - 2 0 3 ,2 5 3
125.127
Bronchus[-iI
- s e o m e n t a l i s l - e s9l0 - 9 2 9 9
- - a n t e r i o[rB l l l ] 9 0 , 9 3 ,1 0 2 ,
122,124-125
- - a p i c a t l s[ B l J 9 0
- - a p i c o p o s t e r i [oBr | + l l ] 9 0 ,
93,102
- - b a s a t i sa n t e r i o rI B V l l l ] 9 0 ,
93,102
- - - c a r d i a c u [sB V l l ]s
R r n n r hrrc [ - i ls c n m e n t a t i s
b a s a L im
s e d i a L iIsB V l l ]
- - - l a t e r a l i s[ B l X ] 9 0 , 9 3 , 1 0 2 ,
127
- - - m e d i a l i st B V l l l 9 0
- - - p o s t e r i o [rB X ] 9 0 , 9 3 ,1 0 2 ,
126
- - b r o n c h o s c o p1y0 2
- - L a t e r a L itsB l v l 9 0
- - m e d i a t i st B V l 9 0
- - p o s t e r i o rt B l l l 9 0 , 1 2 4 - 1 2 5
- - s u p e r i o rI B V l ] 9 0 ,9 3 , 1 0 2
B R U N N E Rg 'tsa n d s 13 6
Butbus
- a o r t a e 7 9 ,8 7
,
- p e n i s ' 1 9 61
98,236,252
- v e s t i b u l i 2 0 0 ,2 2 8 ,2 3 5 ,2 3 7 ,2 4 1 ,
261
Bursa[-ae]
- a n s e r i n a3 1 6
c
CartiLagol-ines)
- c r i c o i d e a1 2 ,11 9
- e p i p h y s i a L2i s7 4
- f i b r o s aI D i s c u si n t e r v e r t e b r a L i s l
272
- h y a [ i n aI D i s c u si n t e r v e r t e b r a t i s l
272
- t h y r o i d e a3 5 ,5 8 ,9 0 - 9 1 ,1 0 4 ,
110,119-120
- t r a c h e a [ e s9 0 - 9 1 ,1 0 4 - 1 0 51, 1 9
C a r u n c u L ahey m e n a l e s2 3 3 ,2 3 5
Cauda
- e p i d i d y m i d i s1 9 2 - 1 94 , 2 5 2
- e q u i n a 2 4 , 2 9 , 4 1 ,1 , 3 - 4 42, 4 2 ,
250-251,25/+
- p a n c r e a t i s1 3 / ' , 1 5 2 ,514 - 15 5 ,
j 6 j , 1 6 6 _ 16 7, 1 7 9, Z t + 4 , 2 4 9
C a v eo f R E T Z l u s2 0 7 , 2 5 2
Cavea
- thoracis48,55
- - A P - r a d i o g r a p 'h1 0 1
Caverna(-ael
- c o r p o r i sc a v e r n o s i1 9 8 - 1 9 9
- - s p o n g i o s 1i 9 9
C a v i t a s-(t e s l
- a r t i c u l a r i {sA r t i c u L a tci o x a e l
2 71, 2 7 3 , 2 7 9 - 2 8 0
- g t e n o i d a t i4s 8 , 1 2 2
- i n f r a g L o t t i c1a1 9
- m e d u t t a r i 2s 7 7 , 2 8 1
- nasi12
- p e r i c a r d i a c1
a1 9 , 1 2 5
- p e r i t o n e a l i s1 5 7 ,16 7 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 1 + ,
247-251
- - d e v e t o p m e n1t 5 7
- p t e u r a I i s1 1 2 - 1 1 31, 1 7 ,1 2 1 ,
1 2 6 ,1 5 5 , 2 4 8 - 2 4 9
- s e r o s as c r o t i 6 1
- s y m p h y s i a L i2s 7 2
- t h o r a c i s 1 1 9 ,1 2 4 - 1 2 5 1
, 27
--cr129
-
-
frontal section 120-122
m e d i a ns a g i t t asI e c t i o n11 9
MRt 120-121
t r a n s v e T s see c t i o n 1 2 3 ,
125-126
- u t e r i 2 0 1- 2 0 3 , 2 3 7 ,2 5 3 ,2 5 9
C a v u ms e r o s u ms c r o t i 6 1 , 1 9 4
C e n t r um
- perinei 230-231
- t e n d i n e u m 5 5 , 6 2 - 6 3 ,7 3 , 1 0 4 ,
1 0 6 ,1 1 2 - 1 1 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 6
40
CerebeL[um
C e r e b r o s p i nfaLIu i dp, u n c t u r e4 4
C e r v i c a pI a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a l
c o t u m n1 7 , 4 3
- A P - r a d i o g r a p 'h1 3
AT
'E
- l a t e r a Ir a d i o g r a P h1 2
Cervix
- u t e r i 2 0 3 - 2 0 52, 3 7
- v e s i c a e1 9 5
Chiasma
- crurate 326
- p t a n t a r e3 4 2
- tarsate326
c H o P A R Tj 'osi n t 2 96 , f 3 9
Chordat-ael
- a r t e r i a eu m b i t i c a t i 6
s 1 ,6 6 ,
7 1- 7 2 , 15 8 , 196 , 2 2 9 ,2 3 6 ,2 5 3
- t e n d i n e a e7 9 - 8 1
- urachl61,72,236
C i n g uI u m
- m e m b r ii n f e r i o r i s C i n g u t u m
p e t v r cm
u
- - s u p e r i o r i s C i n g u t u mP e c torate
Cingutum
- p e c t o r a t e3 , 4 8
- p e t v i c u m3 , 2 6 3 - 2 6 4
Ci s t e r n a
- c e r e b e l l o m e d u [ [ a r i4s0
- c h y t i1 1 6 , 2 1 8
C L a v i c u t3a, 4 6 - 1 , 8 , 5-15 2 ,9 0 , 10 1,
1 0 8 ,11 0 ,1 1 2 - 11 3 ,1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,
122-123,159
C t e f t ,u n c o v e r t e b r a2[ 4
C t i t o r i s2 0 7 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 1
C l i v u s1 8
eins 352
C o c K E T Tv' S
C o e l i a c o g r a p h1y7 ' 1
C o l t i c u L usse m i n a l i s1 9 0 ,1 9 8
C o t t u m2 5 7
- c o s t a e8 , 2 0 , 4 9
- femoris 259, 273, 275-280
- fibutae283
- tati 296-298,305
- v e s i c a eb i t i a r i s1 4 9 - 1 5 1
C o t o n1 3 8 - 1 3 9 , 1 8 8
- AP-radiograp1
h41
- a s c e n d e n s1 3 8 - 1 4 11, 5 8 ,
1 6 1 - 16 2 , 1 6 5 - 16 6 , 1 8 0 ,1 8 6 , 2 1 4 ,
251,254
- d e s c e n d e n s1 3 8 ,1 4 0 ,1 5 9 ,
1 6 5 - 16 6 ,177 , 1 8 0 ,1 8 6 ,2 4 4 - 2 4 5 ,
21,9-251,25/'-255
- L a y e r so f t h e w a t t 1 3 9
- p r o j e c t i o n1 3 8
- s i g m o i d e u m' 1 3 81, 4 0 ,1 5 7 - 1 5 8 ,
16 2 , 1 6 4 - 1 6 ,71 7 5 ,1 7 7, 1 7 9, 2 0 7,
27
1 8 ,2 2 6 ,
2 0 9 ,2 1 2 - 2 1 3 , 2 1 5 , 2- 1
2 4 2 ,2 4 / + , 2 5-12 5 4 , 2 5 8
- t r a n s v e r s u m 1 3 8 - 14 0 ,1 4 9 ,
15 7 - 15 8 , 1 6 0 - 1 6 2 , 1 6 4 - 1 6 6 , 1 7 5 ,
242-21,4,246-247,249-250
- - v a r i a t i o nisn p o s i t i o n1 4 1
C o L o n o s c o p1y4 1 ,2 11
CoLumna[-ael
- a n a t e s 2 1 0 - 2 11 , 2 4 2 ,2 5 2 ,2 5 8
- renales 183,246
- r u g a r u ma n t e r i o r2 3 5
- verlehralis 2-4, L2
- - nerves42
Commissura
- [ a b i o r u ma n t e r i o r2 3 5
- - p o s t e r i o r2 3 5
Compartimentum
- c r u r i sa n t e r i u s3 6 6
- - laterale366
- - p o s t e r i u s3 5 6
C o m p l e x usst i m u t a n sc o r d i s
82-83
C o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h yI C T )
- a b d o m e n2 4 9 , 2 5 1
- c e r v i c a Ip a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a I
c o t u m n3 5
- L u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a L
c o t u m n3 5
- M m a b d o m i n i s7 3
- Mm dorsi 29
- p e t v i s2 5 4
- - of the femate 257
- - of the mate 256
- t h o r a c i c a v i t y1 2 5
C o n d u c t i n gs y s t e m 8 2 - 8 3
C on d y t u s
- l a t e r a L iIsF e m u r ]2 7 5 , 2 7 7 , 2 8 1 ,
285-287,290-293
- - lTibia] 282,287,290-293
- m e d i a l i sl F e m u r l 2 7 5 , 2 7 7 , 2 8 1 ,
285-287,290-293,3',l3-3 14
- - [ T i b i a ]2 8 2 , 2 9 0 - 2 9 1 , 2 9 3 ,
3 2 7, 3 2 9, 3 3 1- 3 3 2
- o c c i p i t a t i6
s
Index
Conjugata
- a n a t o m i c a2 6 5
- d i a g o n a t i s2 6 5
- vera 264-265
Corpus(-ora)
- s t e r n i 3 , 4 7, 5 0 - 5 1, 5 5 , 9 0 , 119 ,
124-126,242
- rati 296-297,304
- tibiae 282-283,291
C o n u sa r t e r i o s u s7 4 ,8 4 ,i 8
- u t e r i 2 0 1 ,2 0 3 - 2 0 4 2
C o r 6 7 , 74 - 7 5 , 9 8 , 11/ + ,2 6 2
, 3 7 ,2 5 3 ,
- a r t e r i a Is u p p t y 8 5
259
- a t r i u m ,l e f t 7 9
- v e r t e b r a e 5 - 9 , 1 2 - 2 5 ,2 9 , 3 5 ,
- - r i g h t 7 8 ,8 2
4 1 ,1 + 57,2 ,1 2 5 ,1 5 5 ,1 8 8 ,2 4 9 ,
- b a t a n c e dc o r o n a r ya r t e r ys u p p l y
251
- v e s i c a e1 9 0 - 1 9 1
85-86
- c o n d u c t i n gs y s t e m 8 2 - 8 3
- - b i t i a r i s1 4 9 - 1 5 1
- c o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s 8 4 , 8 6 - 8 7
- - c y s t o s c o p y1 9 0
- - c o r o n a r y a n g i o g r a p8
h7
y
Corpuscutum
r e n a l e1 8 4
- d o m i n a n t[ e f t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y
Cortex
- [ G t a n d u tsau p r a r e n a [ i s1] 8 9
s u p p t y8 5 - 8 6
- d o m i n a n tr i g h t c o r o n a r ya r t e r y
- r e n a t i s1 8 3 - 1 8 41, 8 8 , 2 4 6 - 2 4 7 ,
s u p p t y8 5 - 8 6
250
- i n n e r v a t i o n8 3
C o s t a [ - a e ]2 - 3 , 5 , 8 , 1 1 + -61, 2 0 - 2 2 ,
- p o s i t i o n7 7
2 7, 2 9 , 3 1- 3 2 , 3 / +4, 1, 4 8 - 4 9 , 5 4 ,
- - d u r i n ge x s p i r a t i o n / i n s p i r a t i o n 5 8 ,6 3 ,6 9 ,7 3 , 10 3 , 1
10 , 113 ,
88
11 5 - 116 , 118 - 1 2 0 ,12 2 , 12 4 - 12 7 ,
- p r o j e c t i o n1 0 1
1 3 2 ,14 1 , 1 8 3 ,1 8 8 ,2 16 - 2 1 7 ,2 2 0 ,
- ultrasound
image 126
245-250
- valvesp
- f t u c t u a n t e[sX l ;X l l ] 4 8
, o i n t so f a u s c u l t a t i o n7 7
- - p r o j e c t i o n7 7
- s p u r i a e[ V l l l - X l l 4] 8
- v e n t r i c t e l,e l t 7 9 - 8 2
- v e r a e[ l - V l l ] 4 8
- - r i g h t 7 8 ,8 0 - 8 2
C o W P EsRg l a n d 2 2 6 , 2 3 2 ,2 3 1 Cornu
Coxa
- a n t e r i u s( M e n i s c utsa t e r a t i s )
- valga 276
- vara 276
290,293
- c o c c y g e u m1 1
uL
n c t i o n s17 - 1 9
C r a n i o c e r v i cj a
- i n f e r i u s( M a r g of a t c i f o r m i s3) 0 6 ,
- AP-radiograp1
h9
355
Crista
- p o s t e r i u sI M e n i s c u lsa t e r a t i s ]
- c a p i t i sc o s t a e 4 9
- c o t [ ic o s t a e 4 9
290,293
- s a c r a t e1 0 - 1 1
- i t i a c a1 - 2 , 1 5 ,2 6 - 2 7 ,3 7 , 4 4 ,4 7 ,
- s u p e r i u sl M a r g of a t c i f o r m i s l
6 2 ,7 3 , 1 0 3 ,1 76 , 1 8 3 , 2 1
6,220,
305,355
2 3 0 ,2 5 4 ,2 6 4 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7, 2 7 1, 2 7 3 ,
C o r o n ag l a n d i s1 96 , 1 9 8 - 1 9 92, 5 2
3 0 7 ,3 1 7 ,3 1 9- 3 2 0 , 3 2 2 ,3 6 0 ,3 6 1 +
- i n t e r t r o c h a n trei c a 2 7 3 ,2 7 5 - 2 76
C o r o n a r ay n g i o g r a p h 8y 7
- m e d i a t i s2 8 3
C o r o n a r ya r t e r i e s 8 4 , 8 6
- o b t u r a t o r i a2 6 6 - 2 6 7
C or p u s {- o r aI
- a d i p o s u mi n f r a p a t e t [ a r2e8 5 ,
- o c c i p i t a t iesx t e r n a6
- p u b i c a2 6 6
290, 293,323
- - p a r a r e n a t e1 8 8
- s a c r a l i st a t e r a t i s1 0
- - ( R e n l1 8 3
- - m e d i a l i s1 0
- a t b i c a n s2 0 1
- - m e d i a n a1 0 - 1 1 1, 5 , 3 6 0
- a n o c o c c y g e u m2 0 7 ,2 2 6 ,
- urethraLi1
s 9 0 ,1 9 8
230-233,235, 240-241,252,257
C r u s [ - r a ]2 6 3
- cavernosum
- c t i t o r i d r s2 0 0 ,2 3 5 ,2 3 7 ,2 6 1
c l i t o r i d i s2 0 7 , 2 3 5 ,
- c o m p a r t m e n t s3 6 6
253
- - penis192,196-197,199,222, - cross-section
381-382
- c u t a n e o u isn n e r v a t i o n
227, 239, 242-243, 252, 259
350
- - recti211
- d e x t r u m{ F a s c i c u t uast r i o v e n - [ C t a v i c u t a4l 6 - 4 7
tricutaris8
l 2-83
- c t i t o r i d i s2 3 1 , 2 5 3
- - [ P a r sl u m b a l i sD
, iaphragmal
- c o s t a e4 9 , 1 0 1
6 2 - 6 3 ,6 8 , 10 4 , 10 6 , 116 , 15 5 ,
- e p i d i d y m i d i 1s 9 1 ,1 9 1 +
249, r21
- f e m o r i s 2 1 5 ,2 7 5 ,2 7 7 ,2 9 1
- e x t e n s o r s3 2 6
- fibutae 283,291
- f t e x o r s3 2 6
- g a s t r i c u m 1 2 1 ,1 2 8 ,1 3 0 ,
- [ a t e r a t e[ A n u l u si n g u i n a t i s
132-133,158,160-161, 245
s u p e r f i c i a t i s5l6 ,5 8 ,6 0 ,2 3 9
- luteum 201-202
- m e d i a t el A n u t u si n g u i n a t i s
- - m e n s t r u a t i o n i2s0 2
s u p e r f i c i a t i s5l6 ,5 8 ,6 0 ,2 3 9
- m a m m a e5 2
- muscles 324-332,I 47-T50
- o s s i si [ i u m 2 5 9 , 2 6 7
- - l a t e r a l3 6 6
- - i s c h i i2 6 6 - 2 6 7
- - o r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n s
- - m e t a t a r s i2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 3 4
310-311,32/+-325
- - pubis 230,243,266-267
- o s t e o f i b r o u tsu b e s 3 6 6
- p a n c r e a t i s1 3 4 ,1 5 2 - 1 5 5 ,1 6 1 ,
- p e n i s1 9 6 ,1 9 8 , 2 2 6 , 2 3 6 , 2 6 0
- s i n i s t r u mI F a s c i c u t uast r i o v e n 166,173
- p e n i s1 9 7
t r i c u t a r i s8
l 2-83
- p h a l a n g i {sP e s l 2 9 5
- - l p a r st u m b a t i sD, i a p h r a g m a )
- spongrosum
penis192,
63,j04,106,11|6,2/+9.f21
1 9 6 - 1 9 9 , 2 2 2 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 2 , 2 5 2C, r y p t a ei n t e s t i n a [ ess G t a n d u t a e
259-260
intestinates
C u m u L uos o p h o r u s2 0 2
C u p u l ap l e u r a e1 0 3 , 1 2 2
Curvatura
- m a j o r 1 2 8 - 1 3 01,3 2 ,1 5 8 - 1 6 1
- m i n o r 1 2 8 - 1 3 01,3 2 ,1 3 5 ,
16 0 - 16 1
Cuspis
- a n t e r i o r{ V a l v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u t a r i s
dextral77-78,81-82
- - [ V a l v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u [ a r issi n i s tra) 77,79-80,82,126
- commissura[d
i se x t r a 7 7
- - sinistra 77
- p o s t e r i o r[ V a l v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u [ a r i s d e x t r a ] 7 7- 7 8 , 8 0 - 8 1
- - l V a t v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u t a r issr n r s Ira) 77,79-81,126
- s e p t a t i sl V a l v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u L a r i s
d e x t r a J7 7 - 7 8 , 8 0
C u t a n e o uisn n e r v a t i o n
, gmentat
se
- back 36
- lowerlimb 346
C u t a n e o u sn e r v e s ,l o w e r [ i m o
349
C u t i s 7 0 ,1 8 8 ,2 1 0
C y s t o s c o p y19 0 - 19 1
D
D e f a e c o g r a p h2y15
D e n sa x i s 6 - 7 , 1 2 , 1 8 - 1 9
Dermatomes
- back36
- l o w e rl i m b 3 4 6
D i am e t e r l s l
- o b t i q u a| 2 6 4
- o b L i q u lal 2 6 4
DiameterIs]
- l o f t h e p e t v i si n t h e f e m a l e
265
- s a g i t t a t i s2 6 5
- transversa 26L-265
- t u b e r a t i s2 6 5
D i a p h r a g m a5 4 - 5 5 ,5 9 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 6 7 ,
6 9 ,7 3 ,8 7, 1 0 1, 1 0 4 - 1 1 2 ,
116 - 1 2 1 ,1 4 2 ,1 4 4 ,1 4 8 - 14 9, 1 5 2 ,
15 7 , 15 9 - 16 0 , 2 5 5 , r 2 1
- p e t v i s 1 8 8 ,2 3 7 ,2 4 2 ,2 4 5 - 2 4 6 ,
249-250,T22
- - o f t h e f e m a t e2 3 0 - 2 3 12, 3 3
- - ofthe male 232,236
- urogenita[e
2 3 1 ,2 4 1 ,2 4 3 ,2 6 1 ,
122
- - of the femate 234-235
- - of the mate 234
Di gi t us ( -i l
- m i n i m u sl P e s )2 6 2 , 2 9 5
- p e d i s2 6 3
- p r i m u sI P e s ls H a t [ u x
- q u a r t u sl P e s l 2 6 2 , 2 9 5
- q u i n t u sI P e s Js D i g i t u sm i n i m u s
- s e c u n d u sl P e s ) 2 6 2 , 2 9 5
- t e r t i u sl P e s l 2 6 2 , 2 9 5
Dr s c u s
- a r t i c u t a r i s[ A r t i c u t a t i os t e r n o c L a v i c u t a r i5s1l
- interpubicu2
s 0 7 ,2 6 8 ,2 71- 2 72 ,
T39
- i n t e r v e r t e b r a L i4s, 1 2 , 1 7 ,
1 9- 2 5 , 2 9 , 3 5 ,4 2 , 4 5 , 1 7 8 ,2 5 9 ,
268, 271
D i s t an ti a
- i n t e r c r i s t a l i s2 6 5
- i n t e r s p i n o saan t e r i o r2 6 5
- - posterior265
- pubococcygea
265
Diverticutum(-al
- a m p u t l a e1 9 1
- c e r v i c a t1 0 9
- e p i p h r e n i c1 0 9
- i L e i1 3 7
- mid-oesophagea
1 [0 9
- o f M E C K E1L3 7
_ o f Z E N K E1R0 9
D O D D 'vse i n s 3 0 6 ,3 5 2
Dorsum
- t i n e so f o r i e n t a t i o n' 1
- o f t h e f o o t ,m u s c l e s 3 3 3 - 3 3 7 ,
T 51- T 5 2
- pedis 262, 368, 373-374
- p e n i s1 9 7
- r e g i o n s1
- s u r f a c ea n a t o m y 1
D O U G L APSo,u c ho f 1 5 7 , 1 6 7 , 2 0 7 ,
229,253
Duct
- o f M U L L E R1 9 2 , 2 0 0
_ O f S A N T O R I1N5I2
- o f W I R S U N1G5 2
- o f W o L F F1 9 2 , 2 0 0
Duc t u[ u s l- i J
- a b e r r a n si n f e r i o r 1 9 2 , 1 9 4
- e f f e r e n t e st e s t i s 1 9 4 , 2 5 2
- p r o s t a t i c 1i 9 0 ,1 9 8
- transversi 200-201
Ductus[-us]
- a L v e o l a r e9
s8
- a r t e r i o s u sI B O T A L L 0 ]7 5
- b i t i a r i ss D u c t u sc h o t e d o c h u s
- b i t i f e ri n t e r l o b u t a r i1s 4 5
- c h o t e d o c h u 1s 4 2 , 1 4 6 , 51 0 - 15 4 ,
1 7 0 ,1 7 2 ,1 7 9 , 2 4 32, 4 9
- - AP-radiograp1
h 5 1 ,1 5 4
- - v a r i a b i t i t y1 5 0 ,1 5 3
- c y s t i c u s1 3 1 ,1 5 0 - 1 5 41, 6 7 ,1 7 0 ,
1 7 9 ,2 4 9
- d e f e r e n s{ V a sd e f e r e n s 6
l 0-61,
7 0 - 71 , 16 6 ,1 7 9 ,1 9 0 - 1 9 2 ,
1 94 - 1 9 7, 2 2 1- 2 2 2 , 2 2 6 - 2 2 7, 2 3 6 ,
238-239, 2/,3, 252, 256, 258
- - AP-radiograp1
h95
- e j a c u L a t o r i u1s9 0 ,1 9 2 ,1 9 5 - 1 9 6 ,
198
- e p o o p h o r o n tliosn g i t u d i n a tsi s
D u c t u s[ o n g i t u d i n a t i s
- e x c r e t o r i u s1 5 3 ,1 9 6
- g t a n d u t ab
e u t b o u r e t h r a l i1s9 2 ,
198,234
- h e p a t i c u cs o m m u n i s1 3 1 ,
15 0 - 15 4 ,1 6 7 , 1 7 0 , 1 7 9
- - d e x t e r 1 4 6 ,' 1 5 0 - 1 5 1
- - s i n i s t e r1 5 0 - 1 5 1
- t a c t i f e r i6 4
- t o n g i t u d i n a t i s2 0 0 - 2 0 1
- m e s o n e p h r i c u s1 9 2 ,2 0 0
- o m p h a l o e n t e r i c u1s3 7
- p a n c r e a t i c u 1s 5 0 ,1 5 2 - 1 5 4 ,
242-243
- - accessoriu1
s 52-153
- - AP-radiograp1
h54
- - v a r i a b i t i t y1 5 3
- p a r a m e s o n e p h r i c u1s9 2 ,2 0 0
-
nererrrothrelic
??q
- t h o r a c i c u s6 3 , 11 3 ,11 5 - 1 ' 1 6 ,
1 2 1 ,1 2 4 - 1 2 7, 2 4 5 , 2 4 8 - 2 4 9
- v e n o s u sI A R A N I u s ]1 4 3
D u o d e n u m1 1 7 ,1 2 8 - 1 3 01, 3 3 - 1 3 6 ,
14 0 ,14 9- 1 5 4 , 1 5 7 ,1 6 0 - 16 1 ,1 6 3 ,
16 5 - 16 7 , 1 70 , 17I - 1 8 0 , 2 4 3 - 2 4 4 ,
25s
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h1 3 2 ,1 3 5
- e n d o s c o p y1 3 5
- l a y e r so f t h e w a l 1 3 6
lndex
Fissura(-ae)
- p o r t a l i sd e x t r a 1 4 7
- - p r i n c i p a L i1s4 7
D u r am a t e r
- u m b i t i c a t i s1 1 r 7
- c r a n i a l i s1 9
F t a t f o o t3 0 3 , 3 8 4
- s p i n a l i s 1 9 , 4 0 - 4 1 ,4 3 - 4 5 ,1 1 9
F L e x i oI U t e r u s ] 2 0 3
F t e x ur a
- a n o r e c t a [ i s2 1 0 , 2 2 6
E
- c o l id e x t r a' 1 3 8 , 1 5 5 , 1 6 0 - 1 6 3 ,
165-166,175
E m b r y ou, t t r a s o u n idm a g e 2 0 6
- - s i n i s t r a1 2 0 - 1 2 1 , 1 3 21,3 8 ,
Eminentia
162,165-166,175
- i [ i o p u b i c a2 3 0 ,2 6 4 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7 ,
- d u o d e ni in f e r i o r1 3 1 , 1 5 3 , 1 7 5
273
- - s u p e r i o r1 5 3
- rortnnrn<tafira
25?
- intercondylaris 282, 290-291
- d u o d e n o j e j u n a t1i s3 4 - 1 3 51, 5 2 ,
- rectovagina[i2
- p t a n t a r i isn t e r m e d i a3 8 4
s 0 7 ,2 5 3
- renatis 188,21,6-247
16 6 - 16 7, 1 7 7, 2 4 1
- - lateraLi3
s38,384
- p e r i n e a l iss F l e x u r aa n o r e c t a t i s
- s p e r m a t i ce
- - m e d i a L i s3 3 8 , 3 8 4
a x t e r n a6 0 - 6 1 ,7 0 ,
- s a c r a t i s2 1 0 , 2 2 6
1 9 7, 2 3 9
Endocardium
80
F
o e t u s ,u L t r a s o u n idm a g e 2 0 6
6
1
,
7
0
,
1
9
3
1
9
4
,
1
9
7
,
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
E n d o s c o p irce t r o g r a d ceh o l a n g i o 210,252
FoLdof KOHLRAUSCH
239
p a n c r e a t i c o g r a pt hEyR C P I15 4
- s u p e r f i c i a t Ii sC a n a t i isn g u i n a t i s l F o t tci uL us t -i i
Epicardium
s L a m i n av i s c e r a t i s
- a t r e t i c u s2 0 2
^^-+ia1?
- LUrrrdLrd L
61
ilePdu5
. | /
serosumj
lPericardium
- o v a r i c u s l -m
- t h o r a c o [ u m b a l i s2 2 , 2 4 - 3 2 ,3 5 ,
- c o s t a l i sI P u t m o l 9 4 - 9 5
r l a t u r u s2 0 2
Ep i c ond y t us
- - v e s i c u l o s i2 0 1 , 2 5 3
- l a t e r a L il sF e m u r l 2 7 5 , 2 8 1 , 2 8 4 , - d i a p h r a g m a t i c{ H
5
2
,
7
2
,
3
1
9
1
4
2
,
a eparl
- p r i m a r i i2 0 2
- t r a n s v e r s a l i s3 1 , 5 8 - 6 2 , 6 9 ,
145,160-161
290-291
- - l P u t m o l9 5
Foot s Pes
- m e d i a L ilsF e m u r l 2 7 5 ,2 1 7 , 2 8 ,1
72-73
- v e s i c o v a g i n a L2i s0 7
- - [ S p L e n1l 5 6
F o o tp r i n t s 3 8 4
284, 287, 290-291,315
- d o r s a L iIsO ss a c r u m i 2 6
Foramen{-inal
F a s ci c u[ u s {- i J
, 22,
E p i d i d y m i s6 1 ,1 8 5 ,1 9 2 - 1 9 4 2
- costotransversarium
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u L a r i8s2 - 8 4
8, 21
- g a s t r i c aI S p t e n )1 5 6 ,1 6 6 - 1 6 7
239,242-243
- epiploicum
- lateralis 122
s F o r a m e no m e n - g t u t e a2 6 7
E p i g L o t t i1s2
ta[e
- intervertebral7
i s- 9 , 1 2 ,1 1 ' - 1 6 , - L o n g i t u d i n a LI Le isg c r u c i f o r m e
E p i n e u r l u m4 3
- infrapiriforme
3 1 7 ,3 1 9- 3 2 1 ,
a t t a n t i s l1 8 - 1 9
25
E p i o r c h i u m1 9 4
- m e d i a t i s1 2 2
360,361
- i n t e s t i n a [ i s2 0 1 - 2 0 2 2
, 0 9 ,2 2 9 ,
Ep iph y s i s
- i n t e r v e r t e b r a l e4 , 1 2 , 1/ + - 1 5 2
, 2,
- p o s t e r i o r1 2 2
- a n u t a r i s5 , 7 - 9 , 2 4 - 2 5
253
- t r a n s v e r s li A p o n e u r o s i P
- L a t e r a t iIsF i b u t a ]2 8 3
2 5, 2 9, 3 5, 4 1, 4 5, 2 71
- o f t h e h e a do f t h e f e m u r 2 7 4
s lan- ischiadicum
majus 230,265,
- - [ T e s t i s l1 9 3
taris) 338
Episiotom2
y 33
- - [Tibia] 282-283
2 6 9 - 2 7 1 , 391, 3 6 0
F a t p a d ,p a r a t h y m i c
1 0 5 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 6 ,1 3 9
Epithetium
- - minus 265,269-271,317,
- [ u n a t a 2 3 0 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7 2
111
, 79
Epoophoro2
n00
319,321
2
6
2
2
6
3
,
2
1
5
,
2
5
6
2
5
7
,
3
,
F
e
m
u
r
l
a
t
e
r
a
L
i
s
2
9
6
2
9
8
matteotaris
Erection 222
- m a g n u m6 , 4 0
- - m e d i a L i s2 9 6 - 2 9 8
273-277, 280-281,284-287,
E x c a v aot i
- nutricium 282-2833
, 11
- m e d i a t i s( F i b u t a 2
- r e c t o u t e r i n a1 5 7 ,16 7 , 2 0 1- 2 0 2 ,
l 83
2 9 0 - 2 9 3 3, ' ,3] - 3 16 , 3 2 3 ,3 2 8 ,3 3 0 ,
- o b t u r a t u m 2 2 9 ,2 6 5 - 2 6 6 2
, 69,
- - { O v a r i u m2l 0 1
369,381
2 0 5 , 2 0 7, 2 2 9 , 2 5 3 , 2 5 7
271, 273-274, 280
- - { T i b i a l 2 8 2 - 2 8 3 , 3 0 6 , 3 2 7 , 3 6 7 - a n g L eb e t w e e nn e c k a n d s h a f to f
- r e c t o v e s i c a L i1s6 6 ,1 9 0 ,1 9 6 ,
- o m e n t a L e1 6 0 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7
- p a t e I t a r i s2 7 5 ,2 8 1 ,2 8 4 - 2 8 6 ,
t h ef e m u r 2 7 6
2 1 0 ,2 1 7, 2 2 6 , 2 3 6 , 2 1 3 , 2 5 2
- o v a [ el C o r l 7 8
- - o f a n t e t o r s i o n2 7 7
- v e s i c o u t e r i n 1a 5 7 ,1 6 1 ,2 0 2 ,
290,292
- p a p i L [ a r i 1a 8 3
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h2 7 4
- p e l v i c a 11
2 0 5 , 2 0 1, 2 0 9 , 2 3 7, 2 5 3
- s a c r a L iaan t e r i o r a1 0 , 1 6 , 3 1 7
- a r t e r i e s3 5 1 , 3 5 9
- p o p L i t e a2 7 5 ,2 7 7 ,2 9 1 ,3 2 3 ,3 2 8 ,
Extremitas
- - p o s t e r i o r a1 0 - 1 1
- - d i g i t a st u b t r a c t i oann g i o g r a - acromialis 47, 122
3 3 0 ,3 6 9
- s u p r a p i r i f o r m 3e 1 7 ,3 1 9 - 3 2 0 ,
- p o s t e r i o rI F i b u t a ]2 8 3
- a n t e r i o r( S p L e n1l 5 6 ,1 5 9
p h y I D S A ]3 5 9
- c r o s s - s e c t i o n3 8 0 - 3 8 1
360
- - ( P r o s t a t a1l 9 1
- i n f e r i o rl R e n l 16 4 , 1 6 7 , 1 8 6 ,
- t r a n s v e r s a r i u m6 - 7 , 3 5
- fascia306-307
- - l R e n l1 8 8
188,21
6
- v e n a eb a s i v e r t e b r a t i 9
- m u s c l e s 3 1 0 - 3 2 3 f, 4 2 - f 4 6
s , 25
- - {Tibial 282-283
- - { T e s t i s1
l 93
- - c a v a e5 5 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 ,
- r e n a L i s[ S p L e n l' 1 5 6
- nn<tarinr lSnianl 'l5A
r21
- s a c r o p e t v i c a2 6 6
- s t e r n a l i s3 , 4 7 , 1 0 8
310-311
- v e n a r u mm i n i m a r u m7 8
- s t r u c t u r eo f t h e t r a b e c u [ abr o n e
- s u p e r i o r{ T a t u s l2 9 7
- s u p e r i o r{ R e n l 1 6 0 ,1 6 6 ,1 8 8 ,
- v e r t e b r a [ e6 - 9 , 3 5 ,1 2 5
- s y m p h y s i a t i3s, 2 6 6 ,2 71 , 2 7 9
276
216
- WINSLOW
- v e i n s3 5 2
1 I6 0
- v e s i c a l i s2 0 2 ,2 0 9 ,2 5 3
- - l T e s t i s l1 9 3
F or n i x
- v i s c e r a l i lsH e p a r l 1 4 5 ,1 6 0
- t u b a r i a2 0 1
Fibrae
- g a s t r i c u s1 3 0 ,1 3 2 ,2 4 2 , 2 4 7
- i n t e r c r u r a l e s5 6 ,5 8 , 6 0
- - { S p t e n )1 5 6
- u t e r i n a2 0 1
- vaginae 202, 205, 207, 253
- o b L i q u a e1 2 9
F a t xs e p t i 7 9
Fossa
Fibula 262-263, 282-283, 285-287,
Fascia
- a x i t t a r i s5 8
2 9 4 ,3 0 0 - 3 0 13, 0 4 - 3 0 53, 3 0 - 3 3 1 , - a c e t a b u t i7 1 , 2 3 0 ,2 5 6 ,2 6 0 ,
F
- b r a c h i i5 8
2 6 6 - 2 6 ,72 7 3 , 2 7 9 - 2 8 0
3 3 5 ,3 6 6 ,3 8 1- 3 8 2
- itiaca 26t+,266,271
- c e r v i c a t i1s1 0 , 1 1 9
Frtumt-al
F ac i e s
- i n g u i n a t il sa t e r a L i5s 9 ,6 1 , 7 1 , 2 3 6
- r a d i c u t a r ilaN s p i n a t i s 4) 5
6R
- a n t e r i o r( G [ a n d u lsau p r a r e n a L i s l - r l r w i n o r r n r r l i <
- - m e d i a l i s5 9, 6 1, 7 1 , 2 3 6
- - p o s t e r i o r a4 0
- c r e m a s t e r i c a6 1 ,1 9 3 - 1 9 4 1
, 97,
189
- i n t e r c o n d y l a r i s2 7 5 ,2 7 7 ,2 8 1 ,
- t e r m i n a L e4 3 ,2 / + 22, 5 2
- - { P a t e l t a ]2 8 L - 2 8 5 , 2 9 0 - 2 9 1
239,252
2 9 1, 2 9 3
- c r i b r o s a2 1 8 , 3 0 6
- - tRenj188
Fimbria[-ae]
- ischioanatis 232-233,236
- o v a r i c a2 0 1
- c r u r i s 3 0 6 - 3 0 73, 2 8 ,3 6 5 - 3 6 6 ,
- a n t e r o i n f e r r o r1 6 4
- t u b a eu t e r i n a e 2 0 1 , 2 0 9 ,
256-258
- a n t e r o s u p e r i o1r 6 1
3 8 1- 3 8 2
- maIteo[L
i a t e r a t i s2 8 3
- d e L t o i d e a2 6 - 2 7
- a r t i c u t a r i sa n t e r i o rl A x i s l 6
253
- n a v i c u t a r i su r e t h r a e 1 9 8 - 1 9 9 ,
- d o r s a I i sp e d i s 3 0 6 , 3 7 9 , 3 8 4
- - c a l c a n e a2 9 8
F i s s ur a| - a eI
- horizontatp
252
- g l u t e a 5 2 , 3 0 7 ,3 1 9 ,3 6 2
---anterior297
i su l m o n i sd e x t r i
- ovalis78
- i t i a c a1 7 9
---media297
94-95,120
- paravesicatis59, 260-261
- [ i g a m e n ttie r e t i s 1 4 2
- inferiod
---posterior297
r iaphragmatp
i se t v i s
- p o p l i t e a2 6 2 ,3 0 7 ,3 2 1 ,3 6 0 - 3 6 3 ,
- o b t i q u a 9 L - 9 5 ,9 9 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 ,
- - c a p i t i sc o s t a e 4 9
230
366,369-372
- i n f r a s p i n a t a2 6 - 2 8
---fibulae283
12/,-127
Duodenum
- p r o j e c t i o n1 3 4
Faciesarticularis
- - c u b o i d e a2 9 7 - 2 9 8
- - f i b u t a r i s2 8 2
- - i n f e r i o rl A t t a s l6
_ _ _ lTibial 292,291,,301
- - - ( V e r t e b r at u m b a L i s )9
- - matteo[L
i a t e r a [ i s2 8 3 , 2 9 4 ,
301
- - - m e d i a l i s2 8 2 , 2 9 4 , 3 0 1
- - n a v i c u l a r i s2 9 7 - 2 9 8
- - I P a t e t t a l2 8 4 - 2 8 5 , 2 9 0 , 2 9 2
- - p o s t e r i o r( A x i s l 6
- - s u p e r i olrA t t a s 6
l ,19
---fTibiaj 282,293
- - t a t a r i s3 0 3
- - - anterior 297-298,303
---media297-298,303
- - - posterior297-298,303
- - t u b e r c u l ic o s t a e 4 9
- a u r i c u t a r i s1 0 - 1 1 , 2 6 6
- c o L i c a1 5 6
Fascia
- i n v e s t i e npse r i n e si u p e r f i c i a L i s
s F a s c i ap e r i n e i
- t a t a 3 0 6 - 3 0 73, 1 3 - 3 1 53, 1 9 ,
355,360,381
- n u c h a e3 9
- o b t ur a t o r i a 2 3 0 ,2 3 2 - 2 3 3 3
, 17
- p e d i s3 8 2
- p e t v i sp a r i e t a t i s2 5 3
- - v i s c e r a t i s2 3 7 , 2 5 2
- p e n i sp r o f u n d a1 9 7 , 1 9 9 , 2 3 8
- - superficiali1
s99
- perinei 230, 232-235,260
Index
Fossa
- s u p r a v e s i c a l i6s1 ,7 1 ,2 3 6
- t r o c h a n t e r i c 2a 7 5 - 2 7 72, 7 9
- v e s t i b u lvi a g i n a e2 3 5
F o v e a[ - a e J
- c a p i t i sf e m o r i s 2 7 3 ,2 7 5 - 2 7 7 ,
279-280
- c o s t a t i si n f e r i o r 8 , 2 0
- - p r o c e s s utsr a n s v e r s8i - 9 , 2 1 ,
45
- - superior 8-9,20-21
- d e n t i s6 , 1 9
F o v e o l a eg a s t r i c a e 13 0
F R A N K E N H A USSgEaR
n g t i o n2 2 3
Frenu[um
- c t i t o r i d i s2 3 5 , 2 5 3
- [ a b i o r u mp u d e n d i2 3 5
- o s t i ii t e a t i s1 3 9
- p r e p u t i i1 9 9
F un du s
- g a s t r i c u s 1 2 0 ,1 2 8 - 1 3 0 ,1 3 2 ,
1 4 9 ,1 6 0
- u t e r i 1 6 7 ,2 0 1 - 2 0 4 2
. 0 7 ,2 0 9 ,
253
- v e s i c a e 1 6 7 ,1 9 5 - 1 9 6 ,1 9 8
- - b i l r a r i s1 / + 9 - 1 5 0 , 1 5186, 3 ,
166
FunicuLus
- s p e r m a t i c u s5 6 - 5 8 , 6 0 , 6 81, 9 3 ,
1 9 7, 2 1 8 , 2 2 6 - 2 2 ,72 3 8 ,2 5 6 , 3 0 6 ,
35 4 - 3 5 5
- u m b i t i c a I i s7 0 , 2 0 6 ,2 0 8
Gt an dI s l
- o f B A R T H o L I2N0 0 , 2 3 3 , 2 3 5
- o f B R U N N E1R3 6
- o f c o w P E R2 2 6 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 4
Glandu[al-ae]
- a r e o t a r e s6 4
- b u l b o u r e t h r a t i1s9 2 ,1 9 6 ,1 9 8 ,
Hip
- a r t e r i e s3 5 9
- muscles 310-322,T42-f 43
H o r s e s h o kei d n e y18 5
H u m e r u s3 , 1 2 4
H U N T EsRv e i n 3 5 2
H y d a t i ds, t a t k e d2 0 1
H y m e n2 3 5
H y s t e r o s a t p i n g o g r a p h2 y0 3
2 2 2 ,2 2 6 , 2 3 22, 3 4 ,2 3 6
d u o d e n a t e s1 3 6
g a s t r i c a e1 3 0
r n t e s t i n a t e1s3 6 ,1 3 9
mammaria 125-127
I
o e s o p h a g e a 1e 0 5
s u p r a r e n a t i s1 5 2 ,1 6 1 ,1 6 7 ,1 7 9 , l t e u m 1 3 7 - 1 1 r 0
1 ,5 7 - 1 5 81, 6 2 - 1 6 3 ,
1 8 2 ,1 8 5 ,1 8 9 ,2 1 7 ,2 4 5 ,2 4 9
16 6 , 1 7 5 ,2 0 9 ,2 1 5 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 4 , 2 5,1
- t h y r o i d e a 1 0 4 - 1 0 5 ,1 0 7 ,
254-255
110-111,118-119
lmpotentia
- t r a c h e a l e s9 1
- coeundi 222
- v e s i c u t o s a1 9 1 - 1 9 2 ,1 9 5 - 1 9 6 ,
- generandi 222
2 2 2 ,2 2 6 - 2 2 ,72 3 6 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 3 , 2 5 6 , r m p r e s s r o
- c a r d i a c a9 5
258
- - AP-radiograph
- colica 142
195
- v e s t r b u [ a rm
- d u o d e n a [ i s1 4 2
i s a j o r 2 0 0 ,2 3 3 ,
- g a s t r i c a1 4 2
235,237
- o e s o p h a g e a1 4 2
Gtans
- c L i t o r i d i s2 0 0 ,2 0 7 ,2 3 3 ,2 3 5
- r e n a t i s1 4 2
- p e n i s 1 9 2 ,1 9 6 - 1 9 9 , 2 2 2 ,
- s u p r a r e n a l i s1 4 2
242-243,252
Inctsura
- a c e t a b u I2i 6 6 - 2 6 7
G L I S S 0T
Nr,i a do f 1 4 5
- a n g u l a r i s1 2 8 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 2 , 1 3 5 ,
G l o m u sc o c c y g e u m2 5 3
GRAAFia
f ont t i c t e2 0 1
160
- a p i c i sc o r d i s8 4 - 8 5
G u b e r n a c u l u tme s t i s 7 0 , 1 9 2
- cardiaca
p u l m o n i ss i n i s t r i
94-95,103,110
G
- c a r d i a [ i s1 2 8 , 1 3 0
H
- c t a v i c u l a r i 5s 0
Gangtion(-ial
- c o s t a l i s5 0
H A c Hd, e e pp e r f o r a t i nvge i no f 3 5 2
- c a r d i a c u m1 2 0
- f i b u t a r i s2 8 2
H a e m o r r h o i d2s1 1
- c e r v i c a tm
e edium83,117,120
- i s c h i a d i c am a j o r 2 6 6 - 2 6 7
H a L t u x2 6 2 ,2 9 5 , 2 9 9
- - s u p e r i u s8 3
- - minor 266-267,280
H a u s t r ac o l i 1 3 8 - 1 3 91, 4 1 ,16 3
- c e r v i c o t h o r a c i c u8m3 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 0 H E A Dz,o n e so f
- j u g u [ a r i sl S t e r n u m ]4 6 , 5 0
67
- c o e l i a c a2 1 L , 2 4 9
- t i g a m e n ttie r e t i s 1 4 2
Heart
_ o f F R A N K E N H A U S2E
- axis80
- p a n c r e a t i s' 1 5 2
2R
3
- mesentericum
- s h a d o w1 0 1
i n f e r i u s2 1 4
- v e r t e b r a l i isn f e r l o r8 , 1 2 ,1 5
- p e t v i c a2 1 4 , 2 2 2 - 2 2 3
- s h a p e1 0 1
- - s u p e r i o r1 2 ,1 5
- s a c r a L i a2 2 5
- - a o r t i ck n o b 1 0 1
In f u n d r bIuu m
- s e n s o r i an e r v o T U m
- - - o f p u t m o n a r y a r t e r y1 0 1
- d u c t u sp a r a m e s o n e p h r i 'c1i 9 2
spinalium
- - - o f t h e t e f t / r i g hat t r i u m 1 0 1
21,40-43,45
- t u b a eu t e r i n a e 2 0 0 - 2 0 1 , 2 0 4 ,
- s t e t l a t u ms G a n g [ i o cne r v i - - a r c h o f t h e v e n t r i c [ e 10 1
209, 228,253
- v e i n s8 5
c o th o r a c i cum
I n g u i n acIa n a [6 1
- t h o r a c i c a1 1 3 - 1 1 41, 1 7 ,
- walts 60
H E I S T E R S v a L1v5e0
120-121
H e p a r 5 4 ,6 7 , 1 1 9 - 1 2 11, 3 1 ,
I n g u i n ahI e r n i a 6 1
- t r u n c is y m p a t h i cLi 1 - 4 3 , 4 5 ,
- directm
142-146, 149 -150, 154-155, 157,
, e d i a [6 1
21/+,222-223
- i n d i r e c tL, a t e r a 6[ 1
180, 188, 242-241.246-250.255
G a s t e r6 3 ,6 7 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 , 1 0 8 - 1 0 9 , - A p - r a d i o g r a p h1 7 1
I n j e c t i o nv,e n t r o g I u t e a3[6 4
- a r t e r i e sv, a r i a t i o n s17 0
1 1 7 , 1 2 1 , 21 8 - 13 5 , 1 4 0 ,15 5 ,
I n s u t ap a n c r e a t i c a
153
1 5 7 - 1 6 1 , 1 6 6 , 1 7 0 , 1 7 2 , 1 7 9 - 1 8 0-, f o r m v a r i a t i o n s1 + +
I n t e r a c e t a b u Lt ianre 2 6 5
- t a p a r o s c o p1y 4 9
217,242-244,246-250,255
I n t e r a r t i c u Lpaor r t i o n8 , 1 5
- AP-radiograph
- m i c r o s c o p isct r u c t u r e1 4 5
1 3 2 ,1 7 1
I n t e r m e t a t a r s aj oI i n t s s A r t i c u l . a - a r t e r i e sv, a r i a b i l i t y1 7 0
- p o r t ah e p a t i s1 4 2
t i o l - n e s il n t e r m e t a t a r s a [ e s
- forms 132
- p r o j e c t i o n1 4 4
I n t e r s e c t itoe n d i n e a4 6 , 5 6 - 5 8
- l a y e r so f t h e w a t t 1 3 0
- s e g m e n t s1 4 7
I n t e r s p i n at iI n e 2 6 5
- p r o j e c t i o n1 3 2
- veinsp
, r o j e c t i o n1 4 6
I n t e s t i n adIe v e l o p m e n1t5 7
- - ultrasound
G a s t r o s c o p1y3 3
image 14g
Intestinum
G e n i t aol r g a n s
- c r a s s u m6 7 , 1 6 3 - 1 6 5
Hiatus
- f e m a l e2 2 3
- a d d u c t o r i u s3 1 5 - 3 1 6 , 3 2 3 , 3 5 8 , - t e n u e 6 7 , 1 3 6 ,1 5 9 ,1 6 3 - 1 6 4 ,
- - d e v e t o p m e n t2 0 0
362
252-253
- - external233,235,241
- a o r t i c u s6 2 - 6 3 ,1 0 4 ,1 7 9 , f 2 1
- - l a y e r so f t h e w a t L 13 6
- - i n n e r v a t i o n2 2 3
- o e s o p h a g e u s6 2 - 6 3 ,1 0 4 - 1 0 5 ,
I n t r o i t u vs a g i n a e2 2 3
- - i n t e r n a l2 0 4 , 2 0 9
1 0 7 ,1 0 9 ,1 7 9 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 1 ,T 2 1
l s t h m u s8 , 1 5
- male 222,239
- s a c r a l i s1 0 - 1 1
- g t a n d u l a teh y r o i d e a e1 0 4
'
1
9
2
- - development
- s a p h e n u s3 0 6 ,3 5 4 - 3 5 5
- t u b a eu t e r i n a e2 0 1 , 2 0 9 , 2 2 9 ,
- - e x t e r n a l1 9 7 , 2 3 8 , 2 4 0
- urogenitate
i st a n i 2 3 0
253
- - innervation
222
- uleri 201-202,253
Hitum
G e n u2 6 3
( G L a n d ust au p r a r e n a t i s1l 8 2
- muscles 323
- r e n a [ e1 8 2
- s p t e n i c u m1 5 6 ,1 6 1 ,2 1 9
G I f 4 B E R NsA[Ti g a m e n t 3 5 5
-
J
Jejunum132,13/.-135,
137,152,
154,157,162-163,165,175,179,
242,244,247, 249-251
, 255
Joint
- o f c H 0 P A R 2T9 6 , f 3 9
- o f L I S F R A N2C9 6 , T 3 9
J u n c t i oa n o r e c t a t i 2
s 10
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u Lpi e t v i c 2
i 6 8 - 2 71 ,
T39
K
K o H L E Rt' se a r d r o p 2 8 0
K0HLRAUScH
f o' sl d 2 1 0 ,2 5 2
K R I S T E L L EmRu,c o u sp t u g o f 2 0 7
L
Labium
- anterius 202,205
- e x t e r n u m 2 6 4 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7 3
, 22
- i n t e r n u m 2 6 / +2, 6 6 - 2 6 7
- l a t e r a t e2 7 5 , 2 7 7
- m a J Up
s u d e n d i2 0 7 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 5 ,
253,261
- m e d i a [ e2 7 5 - 2 7 7
- m i n u sp u d e n d i2 0 7 ,2 2 3 , 2 3 1 ,
233, 235, 237,241, 253, 261
- p o s t e r i u s2 0 2 , 2 0 5
L a b r u ma c e t a b u L2i 7 9
L ac un a[ - a e J
- m u s c u t o r u m2 6 9 , 3 5 5
- u r e t h r a t e s1 9 8
- v a s o T U m6 2 , 6 8 ,2 6 9 ,3 5 5
L a mi n a ( - a e l
- a n t e r i o rl V a g i n a
m u s c u [ ri e c t i
a b d o m i n i s l5 2 , 5 6 - 5 8 ,7 0 , 7 2 ,
355
- ar c us v e r t eb r ae 7- 9 , 2 1- 2 3 , 2 5 ,
2 9 , 3 5 ,4 1, 4 4
- c a r t i t a g i n icsn c o i d e a e12 . 9 1 ,
119
- cribrosa68
- d e x t r al C a r t i t a gtoh y r o i d e a l
9 0 - 9 1 ,1 0 / +
- h e p a t o c y t i c a1e4 5
- m u s c u [ a r im
s u c o s a e1 0 5 ,1 3 0 ,
136,139
- p a r i e t a t i sI P e r i c a r d i u ms e r o suml 74-75, 85, 89, 119-120
- - lTunica
v a g i n a t itse s t i s l 7 0 ,
193-194,239
- p o s t e r i o [rV a g i n m
a u s c u t ri e c t i
a b d o m i n i s 5J 8 , 6 9 - 7 0
- p r o f u n d a( F a s c i tah o r a c o t u m b a t i s J2 9 ,3 2
- p r o p r i am u c o s a e1 0 5 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 6 ,
139
- s u p e r f i c i a [ i sI F a s c i ac e r v i c a t i s ]
110,119
- - [ F a s c i at h o r a c o [ u m b a L i s ]
29
- v i s c e r a t i IsP e r i c a r d i u m
serosuml 74-75, 78-80, 119-120
- - I T u n r c a v a g i n a l i s t e s t1i s9)4 ,
239,242
v L A N Z 'pso i n t 1 4 0
L a p a r o s c o p y1 4 9
L a r y n x3 5 ,9 0 - 9 1 ,10 9
L A U E N S T EpIrNo j e c t i o n2 8 0
Legs Crus
L i e ns S p t e n
L i g a m e not f G I M B E R N 3A5I 5
lndex
L i g a m e n tm
u [-aJ
- atare18
- a n o c o c c y g e usmc o r p u s
Ligamentuml-a)
- i[iotumba[3
e 1, 4 1, 2 1 7,
268-270,272
- i n f u n d i b u L o p e L v i c2u0m
anococcygeum
9
- a n u [ a r i a9 0 - 9 1
- i n g u i n a l e5 7 , 6 0 ,6 2 , 6 9 ,
- a p i c i sd e n t i s 18 - 1 9
196- 19 7 , 2 34 - 2 3 5 ,2 6 2 ,2 6 8 - 2 70 ,
- a r c u a t u mL a t e r a t e6 2 - 6 3 ,6 8
3 0 6 ,3 1 3 ,3 1 7 ,3 5 4 - 3 5 6 , 3 5 9
- - m e d i a t e6 2 - 6 3
- i n t e r c t a v i c u L a5r1e
- - m e d i a n u m6 3
- i n t e r c u n e i f o r mdi ao r s a L i a
303
- a r t e r i o s u m 7/ ' - 7 5 , 8 / + 8
- i n t e r f o v e o l a r e7 1
, 8 ,9 9 ,
- interspinaLia
10 4 - 10 5 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 4
2 5 , 3 1 ,3 5 , 4 4 ,1 1 9
- a t t a n t o o c c i p i t aLtaet e r a t e1 7
- i n t e r t r a n s v e rasr i u m 2 1- 2 2 ,
- b i f u r c a t u m3 0 0 , 3 0 3
31-32, 1,1
- c a l c a n e o c u b o i d e u3m
- i s c h i o f e m o r a [ e2 7 8 - 2 7 9
0 0 ,3 0 3
- - p t a n t a r e3 0 2
- Lacunare
62,317,355
- c a l c a n e o f i b u [ a r 3e 0 0 - 3 0 4
- L a t u mu t e r i 2 0 1 , 2 0 9
- c a t c a n e o n a v i c u L a3r e
- [ o n g i t u d i n a at en t e r i u s1 7 ,
0 0 ,3 0 3
- - plantare299-3003
, 02-303
2 0 - 2 2 , 2 4 - 2 5 ,2 9 ,4 2 , 4 5 ,5 5 , 7 2 ,
- c a p i t i sc o s t a ei n t r a a r t i c u l a r e2 2
116,124,268
---radiatum20-21
- - p o s t e r i u s2 0 , 2 3 - 2 5 , 4 2 - 4 3 ,
- - f e m o r i s2 3 6 , 2 5 6 , 2 6 0 , 2 7 1 , 2 7 9
45
- - f i b u l a ea n t e r i u s2 8 6 , 2 9 4
- [ u m b o c o s t a t e6 3
---posterius287,290
- m e n i s c o f e m o r a lpeo s t e r i u s
- c a r d i n a [ e2 0 1 , 2 0 5
287-288
- cottateratel-ial
- m e t a t a r s a [ e ( - i adlo r s a t i a 3 0 0
- - {Articutatione
- - p t a n t a r i a3 0 2
i nst e r p h a - - t r a n s v e r s u mp r o f u n d u m 3 0 0 ,
t a n g e a ep e d i s )3 0 2
- - fibulare 285-289,293,
302
---superficia[e338
3 10 - 3 11
- - laterale288
- n u c h a e2 5 , 2 8 , 3 4
- - m e d i a [ e[ A r t i c u l a t igoe n u s )
- o v a r i ip r o p r i u m 2 0 0 - 2 0 1 , 2 0 4 ,
287-288
209
- - - [ A r t i c u t a t i o t a t o c r u r a L i s ] - patettae 285, 287-290, 293,306,
3 0 0 - 3 0 4 ,3 8 2
310, 312-315, 322-323,327, 332,
- - tibiate 284-290,293
356,368
- c o r o n a r i u m 14 2 - 11 , 3 ,1L 5 , 1 6 0 ,
- p h r e n i c o c o t i c u 1m6 0 ,1 6 6
167
- costoclavicular5
- phrenicosplenicum
e1
247
.- costotransversarium20-21, 32
- p t a n t a r e l - i a3J0 2
- - longum 299-300,302,304,
- - L a t e r a t e2 0 - 2 2
- - s u p e r i u s2 1 - 2 2 , 3 1
342,379,383
- c o s t o x i p h o i d e5a6 ,5 8
- p o p t i t e u ma r c u a t u m 2 8 6 , 2 8 8 ,
- c r i c o t h y r o i d e um
290,329
me d i a n u m9 0
- c r u c i a t u ma n t e r i u s 2 8 6 - 2 8 7 ,
- - obliquum 286-288,293,
329-330
289-290,292-293
- - p o s t e r i u s2 8 6 - 2 9 0 , 2 9 3
- p u b i c u mi n f e r i u s2 3 0 , 2 3 1 r , 2 6 8 ,
- c r u c i f o r m ea t t a n t i s18 - 19
270-272,r39
- cuboideonavicu[a
- - superius234,256-257,
d roer s a L e3 0 0
- - plantare302
268-2692
, 7 2 ,3 14 , 3 5 s ,T 3 9
- p u b o f e m o r a l e2 7 8 - 2 7 9
- c u n e o c u b o i d e udmo r s a t e3 0 3
- p u b o p r o s t a t i c u m2 2 6 ,2 5 2
- c u n e o n a v i c u l a rdi oa r s a t i a3 0 0 ,
- p u L m o n a [ 9e 5 ,1 ' 1 2
303
- rectouterinum
- - p t a n t a r i a3 0 2
205
- deltoideum
- r e f l e x u m5 6 ,5 8 , 6 0
s Ligamentum
- r o t u n d u m 1 6 7 ,2 0 1 ,2 0 4 ,2 2 9
c o t L a t e r a tm
e e d i a t e[ A r t i c u [ a t i o
- sacrococcygeum
anterius
t al o cr u r aI is ]
- d e n t i c u l a t u m4 0 , 4 3 , 4 5
230-231
- - p o s t e r i u sp r o f u n d u m2 7 0
- epididymidin
s f e r i u s1 9 3
- - - s u p e r f i c i a t e2 5 2 , 2 7 0
- - s u p e r i u s1 9 3
- f a L c i f o r m e5 9 , 7 1 - 7 2 ,1 4 2 - 1 4 3 ,
- s a c r o i L i a caan t e r i o r a 2 3 0 ,
268-2692
, 7 1 - 2 7 2 , 3 1 ,7r 3 9
14 7 , 1 5 0 ,15 8 - 16 0 , 16 6 ,2 4 3 ,
- - i n t e r o s s e a2 3 0 , 2 5 4 , 2 7 0 - 2 7 2 ,
21,8-249
- flavum 20-23, 25, 29, 32, 35, 41,
T39
- - p o s t e r i o r a2 7 0 - 2 7 1 , f 3 9
/.3-/.5,254
- s a c r o s pni a l e 2 2 4 - 2 2 5 2
- f u n d i f o r m ep e n i s 5 8 ,6 0 ,2 3 8 ,
, 2 9 ,2 4 0 ,
2 6 5 ,2 6 9- 2 71 , 2 7 8 ,3 1 0 ,3 14 , 3 6 0 ,
242-244,252
- gastrocolicum
157-158,
T39
- s a c r o t u b e r a t e3 1 , 2 2 4 ,2 3 0 ,
16 0 - 16 1 , 16 6 ,1 7 3 ,2 4 3 ,2 4 7
- gastrophrenicum
167
232-233,240, 265, 269-27 1, 278,
- g a s t r o s p L e n i c u1m5 6 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 1 ,
3 1 1 ,3 1 9 - 3 2 1 3
, 6 0 ,3 6 4 ,T 3 9
- s a c r o u t e r i n u m2 0 1 ,2 5 3
166-167, 245, 247
- spLenorena[1
- h e p a t o d u o d e n a1L3e1 ,1 5 0 ,
e56,245
- s t e r n o c l a v i c u t a raen t e r i u s 5 1
16 0 - 16 1 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7
- s t e r n o c o s t a [ ien t r a a r t i c u t a r e
- hepatogastricum
1 3 1 ,1 5 7
JI
16 0 - 16 1, 16 6 , 2 4 7, 2 4 9
- - r a d i a t u m5 1
- itiofemorate 268-269,278-279,
- s u p r a s p i n a t e2 2 , 2 5 ,3 1 , 3 3 , 2 7 0
3 15 . 3 8 0
Ligamentum[-a)
- suspensorium
c L i t o r i d i2
s35
- - o v a r i i1 6 7 , 2 0 1 , 2 0 4 , 2 0 9 , 2 5 3
- - penis 58,238-239
- tatocatcaneum
interosseum
, 83
3 0 0 ,3 0 3 - 3 0 4 3
- - l a t e r a t e3 0 0
- - m e d i a l e3 0 1
- - p o s t e r i u s3 0 1
- t a t o f i b u t a raen t e r i u s3 0 0 , 3 0 3
- - p o s t e r i u s3 0 1 , 3 0 4
- t a r s ip L a n t a r i 3
a0 2
- t a r s o m e t a t a r s a Ldi ao r s a L i a3 0 0 ,
303,334
- - p L a n t a r i a3 0 0 ,3 0 2
- t e r e sh e p a t i s5 9 , 7 1 - 7 2 , 1 4 2 ,
1 4 4 , 1 1 1 75,41,15 8 ,16 0 - 16 1 ,16 6 ,
170,172,21,9-250,255
- - uteri 167,200-201,204,209,
2 2 8 - 2 2 9 ,2 5 3
- t i b i o f i b u L aar e
n t e r i u s2 9 4 ,
3 0 0 - 3 0 13, 3 4
- - p o s t e r i u s3 0 0 - 3 0 1
- t r a n s v e r s u m2 3
- - a c e t a b u t i2 3 0 , 2 7 9
- - l A r t i c u L a tzi oy g a p o p h y s i a t i s l
23
- - a t t a n t i s1 8 - 1 9
- - cervicis Ligamentum
cardinate
- - genus 286,289
- - perinei 230,234
- t r i a n g u t a rdee x t r u m 1 4 2
- - s i n i s t r u m1 4 2 , 1 4 7 , 1 6 7
244-245
- u m b i l i c a lm
e e d i a n u m6 1 , 7 2 ,
15 8 ,1 9 0 - 1 9 11, 96 , 2 0 7 ,2 2 9 ,2 3 6 ,
252-253
- v e n a ec a v a e 1 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 1 4 7
- v e n o s u m1 4 2 , 1 4 7
- vocale 1'19
L i m b ,l o w e r 2 6 3
- a r t e r i e s3 5 1
- c r o s s - s e c t i o3n8 1 - 3 8 2
- c u t a n e o u Isn n e T v a t r osne,g m e n tat 346
- c u t a n e o u sn e r v e s 3 4 9
- d e r m a t o m e s3 4 6
- innervation
se
, g m e n t a it n, d i c a tor musclesT41
- l y m p h a t i c s3 5 2
- muscles 306-309T
, 42-T5/.
310-311,324-325
- nerves345
- s k e L e t o n2 6 3
-
-,,-J^-^
^^^l^-.,
5Ur rdLtr d'rd(v'rry
tlt
zez
- v e i n s3 5 2
Limbus
- a c e t a b u t i2 5 6 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7
- f o s s a eo v a l i s 7 8
L in e a| - a eJ
- a t b a 4 6 ,5 6 ,5 8 ,6 0 ,7 2 - 7 3 , 2 0 7 ,
242-243,21,8-249,251-254
- a n o c u t a n e a2 1 0
- a r c u a t a7 1 , 2 7 1 , 2 7 3
- - [ 0 s i t i u m ]2 6 4 , 2 6 6
- - [Vaginm
a u s c u t ri e c t ia b d o m i n i s l5 8 ,7 0 ,1 5 8
- aspera 275-271,323
- a x i [ [ a r i sp o s t e r i o r]
- e p i p h y s i a t i2s8 1 ,2 9 1 ,2 9 3 .
304-305,383
- glutea anterior 267
- - i n f e r i o r2 6 7
- - p o s t e r i o r2 6 7
Linea[-ae]
- i n t e r c o n d y l a r2
i s7 5
- i n t e r m e d i a2 6 4 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7
- i n t e r t r o c h a n t e r i c a2 7 5
- m e d i a n ap o s t e r i o r1
- m u s c u t is o t e i 2 8 2 - 2 8 3
- p a r a v e r t e b r a [ i s1
- p e c t i n e a2 7 5 - 2 7 6
- s c a p u t a r i s1
- s e m i L u n a r i5s 8
- s u p r a c o n d y l a r ilsa t e r a L i s2 7 5
- - m e d i a t i s2 7 5
- t e r m i n a L i s1 6 7 ,2 3 0 ,2 3 6 ,
264-2652
, 7 1 ,2 8 0
- t r a n s v e r s a1 0
L i n g u a1 2
L i n g u t ap u l m o n i s i n i s t r i9 4 - 9 5 ,
110
L I S F R A N cj o' si n t 2 96 , I 3 9
L i v e rp u n c t u r e 1 4 4
L o b a rb r o n c h i9 2
Lobutusl-il
- g l a n d u l a em a m m a r i a e6 4
- testis193-194,252
- t h y m i1 1 1
Lobusl-iJ
- caudatus142-1431
, 5 4 ,1 6 1 ,
166,172,244,249
- [ G L a n d u t ha y r o i d e a 1J 0 4 - 1 0 5 ,
107,110
- g l a n d u l a em a m m a r i a e5 2
- h e p a t i sd e x t e r 1 3 1 ,1 4 0 ,
1 4 2 - 1 1 + 4 , 1 4 9 - 1 5508,-116 1 ,16 3 ,
2 ,1 , 8 - 2 5 0 ,
16 6 , 1 7 2 ,1 8 8 , 2 4 / + - 2 4 6
255
- - sinister 120,131,142-144,
14 9 - 15 0 , 1 5 4 ,1 5 8 - 16 1 ,16 6 ,
170,172,212-243,245,
2 4 7- 2 5 0 , 2 5 5
- i n f e r i o r9 4 - 9 6 ,9 8 - 9 9 ,1 0 3 ,11 0 ,
1 18, 121, 121+-127
, 148, 159,243,
245-247
- m e d i u s( P r o s t a t a1l 9 5
- - putmonis dextri 94-96, 98,
, 59,
1 0 3 ,1 1 0 , 1 1 8 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7 1
245
-
nrnc+elra davfpr
195
- - s i n i s t e r1 9 5
- p y r a m i d a t i1s1 0
- q u a d r a t u s 14 2 , 1 6 0 - 16 1 ,1 7 2 ,
249
- s u p e r i o r I 4 - 96 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,1 0 3 ,
110 - 111 , 1 1 8 ,1 2 4 - 1 2 71, 5 9 ,
245
- { T h y m u s1l 1 1
L o w e ra b d o m e nv, e s s e L s1 7 5 ,1 7 7
L o w e rl i m b s L i m b ,l o w e r
L u m b a rp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a I
c o L u m n4 3
- A P - r a d i o g r a p 'h1 6
_CT35
-
| ^+^-^t -^t:^^-^^l
(dLEr dt I ourvgr dPr |
1F
| J
- [ i g a m e n t s2 3
- N 4 R l2 4
- v e r t e b r a t j o i n t s2 3
L u m b a rp u n c t u r e4 4
L u n u [ av a t v u l a es e m i L u n a r i s7 9
L y m p h a t i c sA, P - r a d i o g r a p h2 19
L y m p h o g r a p h y2 1 9
M
MaLleotus
- l a t e r a l i s 2 6 2 ,2 8 3 ,2 9 4 ,3 0 0 - 3 0 1 ,
304-3053
, 2 7- 3 2 8 , 3 3 2 ,3 34 ,
336-338,367, 370-371, 37?)
Index
Malteolus
- m e d i a t i s2 6 2 ,2 8 2 ,2 9 / + , 3 0, 1
3 0 4 - 3 0 5 ,3 0 7 ,3 2 7- 3 3 0 ,3 3 4 ,3 3 6 ,
3 3 8 ,3 7 1 ,3 7 3
- t e r t i u s3 0 5
M a m m a 6 4 - 6 5 ,1 2 7
- t y m p h a t i dc r a i n a g e6 5
- r a d i o g r a p h6
y5
Mammograph6
y5
M a n u b r i u ms t e r n i 3 , 4 7 ,5 0 - 5 1 ,5 5 ,
6 9 ,1 0 8 ,1 1 9, 1 2 4
Margo
- a c e t a b u tsi L i m b u sa c e t a b u l i
- a n t e r i o rI F i b u t a l2 8 3
- - { P u l m o l9 4 - 9 5 , 1 1 0 - 1 1 1
- - l T e s t i s j1 9 3
- - ( T i b i a l2 6 2 , 2 8 2 - 2 8 3 , 3 0 6
- f a [ c i f o r m i s3 0 6 , 3 5 5
- i n f e r i o rI H e p a r l1 4 2 ,1 4 5 , 1 6 3
- - I P u t m o l9 4 - 9 5 , 1 1 0
- - I S p t e n )1 5 6
- i n t e r o s s e u{sF i b u t a l2 8 3 ,
3 3 0 - 3 31
- - (Tibial 282-283
- l a t e r a l i sl R e n l 18 2 ,2 16
- t i b e rl O v a r i u m 2
l 01
- m e d i a l i sl G t a n d u t a
s u p r a r e n a t i s1) 8 2 , 1 8 9
- - lRenl 182,216
- - ( S c a p u t a2)
- - lTibia] 282-283
- m e s o v a r i c u s2 0 1 , 2 0 9
- p o s t e r i o{rF i b u t a l2 8 3
- - l T e s t i s ]1 9 3
- s u p e r i o r[ G t a n d u t a
s u p r a r e n a t i s l1 8 2 , 1 8 9
- - l S p t e n l1 5 6 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7
M a s s al a t e r a t i sa t t a n t i s6 , 1 7 ,1 9
M A Ys v e i n 3 5 2 ,3 6 5
M C B U R NSEpYo i n t 1 4 0
M E C K ESLd i v e r t i c u t u m1 3 7
M e d i a s t i n u m1 1 2 - 1 1 31, 16 , 11 9
- a n t e r i u s1 1 9
- i n f e r i u s1 1 9
- m e d i u m1 1 9
- organisatio1
n19
- p o s t e r i u s1 1 9 , 1 2 1
- s u p e r i u s1 1 9
- lestis 193-19/+,252
MedutLa
- [ G t a n d u tsau p r a r e n a t i s1l 8 9
- r e n a l i s 1 8 3 - 1 8 41, 8 8 , 2 1 6 - 2 4 7 ,
250
- s p i n a t i s 4 0 - 4 1 ,1 1 9 ,1 2 3 ,
222-223,248-249
M e m b r an a
- a t L a n t o o c c i p i t aatni st e r i o r1 7 ,
19
- - p o s t e r i o r1 7, 1 9 , 3 4
- i n t e r c o s t a tri n
s t e r n a3 1 ,5 5
- i n t e r o s s e ac r u r i s 2 8 3 ,2 8 6 , 2 9 4 ,
3 0 1 ,3 6 6 ,3 8 1
- o b t u r a t o r i a2 3 6 ,2 6 0 - 2 6 1 ,2 6 8 ,
271,278-279,355
- p e r i n e i2 5 2
- t e c t o r i a1 8 - 1 9
Membrum
- inferius 206,263
- - s u r f a c ea n a t o m y 2 6 2
Meniscusl-il
- l A r t i c u t a t i og e n u s l 2 8 9
- lateraLis 286-290,292-293
- medialis 286-290
M e s e n t e r i u m1 3 6 - 1 3 7 1
, 6 4 - 16 6 ,
252
- d i v e r t i c u t1i 3 7
M e s o a p p e n d i x1 6 3 - 1 6 7
Me s o c o[ on
- s i g m o i d e u m1 6 4 ,1 6 6 - 1 6 71, 7 9 ,
Muscutus{-i)
- gracilis232-233,
261,284,308,
217-218,226
310-317, 319-321,323-324,328,
- t r a n s v e r s u m1 3 9 ,1 5 7 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 1 ,
356-358,
361-362,369,381
16 3 ,16 5 - 16 7 , 1 7 3 ,1 7 5 ,1 7 7
r /+0-I41, I45
- i t i a c u s6 2 - 6 37, 1 - 7 22, 1 72, 2 0 ,
M e s o s a [ p i n x2 0 1 , 2 0 9
Metaphysi3
s04
231,244,254,257,259,308,310,
--cr29
M e t a t a r s u s2 6 3 , 2 9 8
312-314, 317,348,355-358,
T42
- - [ a t e r a l t r a c t3 4
- iIiococcygeus
M o n sp u b i s 2 3 5
230,243,T22
- e p i c r a n i u s3 9
- i t i o c o s t act iesr v i c i2s 8 , 3 0 ,
M o t i o ns e g m e n t
'11,73,
- c e r v i c a l2 5
- ArA.t^rcnin:o
1 )1-)q
33-34,120
- [umbar25
- - [umborum
122,125,188,243,216-251
28,30,72,f20
- - t h o r a c i2
M u c o u sp t u go f K R T S T E L L2E0R
7
253-254,319
s8,30,37,249,f20
- e x t e n s odTi g i t o r u b
- itiopsoas
M U L L E R i adnu c l 1 9 2 , 2 0 0
mr e v i s3 2 7 ,
71,73,256-257,
Muscles
332-337
4,379, 382,384,
260-261
,368,37
, 279, 308,310-316, 321,
- o r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n os f
T40-r41,r51
355,380,r40-r41
- o f t h e a b d o m i n a t w a L5L2 ,5 4 ,
- - - l o n g u s3 0 6 , 3 0 8 , 3 1 0 , 3 2 1 +- , infraspinatus
26-28,37,52,
5 6 - 5 8 , 6 0 - 6 26, 6 , 7 2 - 7 3
326-327
123-125
,332-337
,
- - Crus 310-311,324-325
- i n t c r c o c l e l e 5s 5 7 ? 2 1 7 2 4 8
367-368,37
4,379,
--cT73
- - e x t e r n i3 1 , 5 4 - 5 5 5
381-384
I L, j - T 1 1 , T 4 7
, 7-58,60,
- - Femur310-31'1
- - h a t l u c ibsr e v i s3 0 63, 2 7 ,
10 6 , 115 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7 , 1 1 + 4 ,
- - P e l v i s3 1 0 - 3 11
332-337
2 4 9, T 1 3
, 374, 384,r 40-r41,
- - Pes 339
- - i n t e r n i3 1 ,5 4 - 5 8 ,6 0 , 1 0 6 ,
T51
- - - longus304,306,308,324,
M u s c t e so f t h e b a c k 2 6 - 3 4
115 - 116 , 1 2 0 ,1 2 2 ,14 4 ,2 4 9 ,
- a u t o c h t h o n o u2s8 , 3 0 - 3 3T, 2 0
326-327
T13
,332-337
,
- - l a t e r a l t r a c t2 9 - 3 0 , 3 4T, 2 0
- i n t e r o s s eci ,o m p a r t m e n t s3 7 9
366-368,374,379,
- - m e d i a It r a c t 2 9 - 3 0 ,T 2 0
381-382,38/1,
I 40-r41,T47 - - d o r s a L e IsP e s l 3 0 4 ,3 3 3 - 3 3 4 ,
- - s u b o c c i p i t am
- extremitatis
I uscles32-34
inferioris308-309
336-3373
, 3 9 ,3 4 1- 3 4 3 ,
- deep 28-34
- fibularis
brevis300,302-304,
383-384T
, 53
- s u p e r f i c i a2[ 6 - 2 7
324-325,327,331-337,366,368, - - p l a n t a r e s3 3 3 , 3 3 9 - 3 4 33, 8 4 ,
M u s c u l u s [ - i3] 0 8 ,3 12 , 3 19 ,
370,372,381-382,r 40-I/+1,
r 48
T53
- - [ o n g u 3s 0 2 , 3 0 4 , 3 0 8 , 3 1 0 , - i n t e r s p i n a t ecse r v i c i s3 0 - 3 1 ,3 3 ,
1040-1041,1045,1052
- a b d o m i n i s 5 2 , 5 6 - 5 8 ,6 2 , 6 6 ,
324-327,
329-330,
332,335,
40,T20
- - l u m b o r u m3 0 - 3 1 ,T 2 0
72-73,188
339,341-342,366-368,
370,
--cr73
- - t h o r a c i s3 0 , 1 1 9 , T 2 0
3 7 23, 8 1- 3 8 3r, 4 0 - 1 4 1 , r 4 8
- a b d u c t odri g i tm
- - tertius327,332-337,366,
- i n t e r t r a n s v e r s a rai in t e r i o r e s
i i n i m i3 0 4 ,
333-334,
336-337,
339-342,
368,382,T47
c e r v i c i s3 3 ,T 2 0
- f i b u L a rIipse r o n e ubsrle v i s3 2 6
- - l a t e r a t e [su m b o r u m3 1 - 3 2 ,
377-378,384,
T40,T54
- - h a t t u c i2s 9 9 , 3 0 / + , 3 3 3 , 3 3 5 , - f t e x o r [ - easc] c e s s o r isu sM u s 4 1 ,T 2 0
-378,384,
- - m e d i a L e[su m b o r u m3 1 - 3 2 ,
338-312,377
c u l u sq u a d r a t upsl a n t a e
- - d i g i tm
r40-r 41,r52
i i n i mbi r e v i{sP e s l
41, r20
- adductor(-esj
- - p o s t e r i o r ecse r v i c i s3 1 , 3 4 ,
243,259
339-342,384,
r/10-r41, r54
- - b r e v i s2 4 4 , 2 6 1 , 3 1 0 - 3 1 2 , - - d i g i t o r u m
379
T20
3 15 - 3 16 ,3 5 83, 8 0T
, 4 0 - T 4 1 , - - - brevis304,335,
339-342, - - - l u m b o r u m 3 0
- - t h o r a c i s 3 4 ,T 2 0
r45
3 7 7- 3 7 8 , 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 ,
- - hattucis301+,339-342,378,
- i s c h i o c a v e r nsou s 2 2 2 - 2 2 3 ,2 2 6 ,
T 4 0 - T 4T
1 ,5 3
- - - l o n g u s3 0 4 , 3 1 1 , 3 2 5 - 3 2 6 , 232-233,235, 237, 240-242,
383-384,
T40-r11,152
- - l o n g u s2 4 4 , 2 6 1 , 3 0 8 ,
329-331,
339,341-342,
260-261,r22
- i s c h i o c o c c y g e u2s2 5 ,2 2 7 ,
3 10 - 3 17 ,3 5 43, 5 6 - 3 5 8 ,
3 6 6 , 3 7- 13 7 2 , 3 7- 73 7 8 ,
380-381
r 4, 0 - I / + 1 , r 4 5
381-384,T40-T41,
T50
230-231, 256,317, T22,T40
- - magnus260,286-288,290, - - hattucis
- i s c h i o c r u r a t e2s6 0
brevis339-342,
- l a t i s s i m ud
310-312,3
15-3't7, 319-321
377-378,38/,,
r 40-rU ,r52
sorsi 1,26-29,
,
- - - longus30/+,325-326,
323,358,363-364,
380-381,
37 -38, 52, 54, 57-58, 63,72,
r 40-r/+1
329-331, 339-312,36(.
, r 45
1 2 6 - 1 2 72
, 4 8 - 2 5 13
, 19 , T 1I
- - m i n i m u s2 6 0 , 3 1 6 , 3 1 9 - 3 2 1 ,
- l e v a t o r l - e saln i 2 1 0 ,2 1 2 - 2 1 4 ,
3 7 1- 3 7 2 , 3 7- 73 7 9 .
T40
381-384,T40-T41,
T50
226-233,236-237, 240-2/+3,
- a r t i c u t a rgi se n u s2 8 5 , 3 1 04, f/ '
- gastrocnemius
262,284,
256-258,260-261,311 , T22,r 1,0
- arytenoideus
- - costarumT20
transversus
119
286-288,293,307-309, 311,
- bicepsbrachii52,54,122
-323,
-332,
320
326
361-362.366, - - - b r e v e s 3 1 - 3 2
- - femoris258,284,286,288,
---tongi31-32,f20
369-370,381
, T41,1 49
- g e m e t l ui sn f e r i o3r 1 1 , 3 1 8 - 3 2 1 , - - s c a p u l a e2 7 - 2 8 , 3 4 , 3 7 - 3 8 ,
309-311, 317-324,328-332,
361-363,369-370,
380-381,
363-364,380,
T43
r17
- - s u p e r i o3r1 1 , 3 1 8 - 3 2 1 ,
- [ o n g i s s i mcuasp i t i s2 8 ,3 0 - 3 1 ,
r40-TL1
, T46
- b r a c h i a t5
i s2
363-364,380,
T43
33-34,37-39,T20
- bronchooesophag
- g t u t e ums a x i m u1s , 3 7 , 5 2 , 2 1 5 , - - cervicis28,30,33-34,T20
9e
9us
- bulbospon
- - t h o r a c i2
giosus 222-223,
226,
226,232-233,
240-241,243,254,
s8,30,37,72,249,
232-233,235,240-242,
260-261
2 5 6 - 2 5, 7
2 5 9, 2 6 2 , 2 7 9 , 3 0 9 1
r20
,
,3
,1
- [ o n g ucso t t i5 5 ,f 1 2 - T 1 3
T22
317-322,361-364,380,
- c o c c y g e su sM u s c u t ui ssc h r o - [umbricales
r40-T41,T43
T1+0,
IPes]340-342,
- - m e d i u s7 2 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 6 , 2 5 9 .
c0ccygeus
T53
- c o t t i3 4
- muttifidusl-il
2 7 9 , 3 0 9 , 3,13111 + - 361,
cervicis30,33-34,
- constrictor
pharyngis
inferior
318-321
380,
3 9 ,10 2 0
,361, 363-364,
- - lumborum30-32,2L9,f20
104,120
r40-r41,143
- coracobrachiatis
---injection364
- - thoracis30-32,37,T20
54,122
- c r e m a s t e5r6 - 5 86, 0 - 5 1 , 7 0 ,
- - m i n i m u 2s 5 6 , 2 7 9 , 3 1 0 - 3 1 1 ,- o b t i q u ucsa p i t iisn f e r i o3r 1 ,3 3 ,
193-194,
197,226,239,242-243,
318,320-321,364,
380,
39-40,120
- - - s u p e r i o3r 1 . 3 3 , 3 9 - 4T02, 0
252
r40-T41.T43
MuscuLusl-il
- c r i c o t h y r o i d esu 1 0 4 ,1 1 0 ,1 2 0
- d a r t o s 7 0 , 2 2 6 ,2 3 2 ,2 3 9 ,2 5 2
- d e t t o i d e u s1 , 3 7 , 4 6 ,5 2 ,5 4 ,5 8 ,
122-123
- d i g a s t r i c u s3 1 , 3 3 - 3 4
- d o r s i 2 6 - 3 3 ,3 5 , 4 ' l
lndex
l
Musculusl-ilobLiquus
- - e x t e r n u sa b d o m i n i s2 6 - 2 9 ,
3 1, 3 7, 4 6 , 5 2 5
, 4 ,5 6 - 5 8 ,
6 0 - 6 1 ,6 3 ,6 6 , 6 8 , 7 0 - 7 3 , 1 1 0 ,
1 5 8 ,2 1 7, 2 3 1 ,2 3 9 ,2 4 8 ,2 5 1 ,
2 5 4 ,3 1 1 ,3 2 2 ,3 5 5 ,3 6 4 ,T 15 ,
Musculusl-ilrectus
- - c a p i t i sa n t e r i o rT 1 2
- - - L a t e r a l i s3 4 ,T 2 0
- - - p o s t e r i o r m a j o3r1 , 3 3 ,
39-10, r20
m i n o r 3 1 , 3 3 , 4 0T, 2 0
- - femoris 244,256-257,269,
r40
- - i n t e r n uasb d o m i n i2s7 - 2 8 ,
2 7 8 - 2 7 9, 3 0 8 , 3 1 0 - 3 1 ,73 2 2 ,
3 1 ,5 6 - 5 86, 0 - 6 16, 6 ,6 8 ,
3 5 6 - 3 5 83, 8 0 - 3 8 1T, 4 4
- r h o m b o i d e u sm a j o t 2 6 - 2 8 ,
70-73,158,217,231,239
2 5 1 , 2 5 4 ,0
3 ,1T 15 ,T 4 0
3 7- 3 9 , r 1 7
- obturatorius
- - minor 27,38-39,I17
externus236,
- r o t a t o r e sb r e v e s 3 0 - 3 1 ,T 2 0
256-257
279,310-311
,259-261,
,
- - t o n g l3 0 - 3 1 , T 2 0
316,321,364,380,T40-141,
- qa.rn.o..vdprs ?3n-2?1243
T45
- - internus212-213,225,
- s a r t o r i u s 5 2 ,2 / 1 42, 5 6 - 2 5 7 ,2 6 2 ,
230-231
2 8 4 ,3 0 8 ,3 r 0 - 3 17 , 3 2 2 - 3 2 1 .
, 236-237
,256-261,
2 7 9 , 3 1 0 - 3,1311 7- 3 2 1 ,
3 5 6 - 3 5 83, 6 2 ,3 8 0 - 3 8 1 ,
363-364,
380,T40-T41,
T43
-
neeinitnfrnnt:lie
?9
- omohyoideu1
s10,123
- opponend
s i g i t im i n i m iI P e s )
3 3 4 , 3 4 2 , 3 8 4T,4 0 ,T 5 4
- p a p i l l a r ia
s n t e r i o r7 8 - 8 2
- - p o s t e r i o r7 8 - 8 1
- - s e p t a l i s7 8
- p e c t i n a t 7i 8
- p e c t i n e u s2 4 4 ,2 5 6 - 2 5 7 3
, 08,
3 10 - 3 16 , 3 5 5 - 3 5 73, 8 0 ,
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
r40-r41, r44
'1
- scalenua
s n t e r i o r5 5 ,110 , 12 ,
117-118,123,r11
- - m e d i u s 3 4 ,4 0 ,5 5 ,1 2 0 , 1 2 2 ,
T11
- - p o s t e r i o r2 8 ,3 1 ,3 4 ,5 5 ,T 11
- s e m i m e m b r a n o s u2s5 8 ,2 8 4 ,
2 8 6 - 2 8 83
, 0 9 - 3 11 , 3 17 - 3 18 ,
3 2 0 - 3 2 3 ,3 2 5 ,3 2 8 - 3 3 0 3
, 61- 3 6 3 ,
MuscuLus[-il
- t e r e sm a j o r 1 , 2 6 - 2 8 , 3 7 , 5 2 ,
122,124-125
- - m i n o r 3 7 ,5 2
- t h o r a c i s3 1 , 5 2 , 5 46, 0
- t h y r o h y o i d e u1s1 0
- t i b i a L i sa n t e r i o r 2 9 0 , 3 0 0 , 3 0 2 ,
, 32,
3 0 6 ,3 0 8 ,3 1 0 ,3 2 1 ,3 2 6 - 3 2 7 3
, 74 ,
3 3 4 ,3 3 6 - 3 3 7 ,3 3 9 ,3 6 6 - 3 6 8 3
3 8 1 - 3 8 3T, L j - r 4 1 , I / 1 7
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 0 ,3 0 2 ,3 0 4 ,3 11 ,
325-326,329-331, 339,342,
3 6 6 , 3 7 0 - 3 7 2 , 31-83 8 2 ,
T 4 0 - T 4 1T
, 50
- t r a c h e a L i9s1
-
tr:ncvar<ncninrlic
29
Nervusl-ilcutaneus
- - d o r s a t i si n t e r m e d i u s3 1 r 5 ,
3 4 9 , 3 6 5 , 3 7 3r,4 0
- - - l a t e r a t i s 3 4 5 ,3 4 9 - 3 5 0 ,
3 6 5 ,3 7 3 ,T 4 0
- - - m e d i a [ i s3 4 5 , 3 4 9 - 3 5 0 ,
365
- - f e m o r i sl a t e r a t i s3 6 , 6 8 , 7 1 ,
7 3 , 1 7 9, 2 1 7, 2 2 0 - 2 2 1, 3 1 7,
3 / + 4 - 3 4 53,4 8 - 3 4 9 ,3 5 3 ,
3 5 5 - 3 5 7 ,3 6 0 ,T 1 * 0
- - - p o s t e r i o r3 6 , 2 4 0 - 2 4 1 ,
2 5 7, 3 4 / + - 3 4 5 , 3 4 9 ,
360-3643
, 8 0 ,T 4 0
- - s u T a el a t e r a L i 3
s45,349-350,
3 6 1- 3 6 3 , 3 6 5 ,3 6 9 ,T 4 0
- - - m e d i a t i s3 4 5 , 3 6 1 - 3 6 3 ,
365-366,369,373,r40
- d i g i t a l ed
s o r s a l e sp e d i s 3 4 5 ,
3 4 9, 3 6 8 , 3 7 3 - 3 7L , r 4 0
- - p l a n t a r e cs o m m u n e s
3 76 - 3 7 8 , r 4 0
- - - proprii 376,378,140
- d o r s a t i sc t i t o r i d i s 2 2 3 ,2 3 1 ,2, 4 1 ,
- t r a n s v e r s uasb d o m i n i s3 1 ,
5 8 - 6 3 ,6 6 , 6 8 ,7 0 - 7 3 ,1 5 8 ,2 1 7 ,
2 2 1, 2 3 1, 2 4 9, 2 5 1, 2 5 4 , 3 1 0r, 1 5 ,
T40
- - p e r i n e pi r o f u n d u s2 0 7 , 2 2 6 ,
230,232-236,2/+2,252, 260,
3 1 1 , f 2 2 , 10 4 0T a b
- - - s u p e r f i c i a t i s2 3 0 ,2 3 2 - 2 3 5 ,
2 4 0 - 2 4 ,12 6 0 , r 2 2 ,1 0 4 0
Tab
- - t h o r a c i s5 5 , 6 9 ,1 1 0 ,1 2 7,
f 13-T11+
- t r a p e z i u s1 , 2 6 - 2 8 , 3 3 - 3 43, 8 ,
5 2 ,1 2 2 - 1 2 6r 1, 7
- t r i c e p sb r a c h i i3 7 ,5 2
- - s u T a e3 0 1 , , 3 2 6 , 3 3 3 , 3 6 6 , 3 8 3 ,
r40
- penis222,234,238-240,
T40
- s c a p u l a3e8 - 3 9 , T 1 7
3 6 9 - 3 7 03, 8 0 - 3 8 1T, 4 1 ,r 4 6
- s e m i s p i n a t icsa p i t i s2 8 ,3 0 - 3 1 ,
Jlanche r i g e n t essN e r v u s l -si p
n i c ip e L v i c i
r40-r41,r45
3 3 - 3 4 ,3 8 - 4 0 ,T 2 0
- - c e r v i c i s2 8 ,3 0 - 3 1 ,3 3 ,3 9 ,T 2 0
66,68,73,179,
femoraLis
p e c t o r a [ i sm a j o r 4 6 , 5 2 , 5 1 .
2 ,36 ,2 4 4 ,
2 17- 2 18 ,2 2 0 - 2 2 1
5 6 - 5 8 ,6 0 , 6 4 ,1 1 0 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 3 - 1 2 7 , - - t h o r a c i s3 1 , 3 3 - 3 4T, 2 0
- s e m i t e n d i n o s u s2 5 8 ,2 8 4 ,
348-349,
256-257,
317,344-345,
r 4 0 , r4 9
r26
- v a s t u si n t e r m e d i u s3 1 0 - 3 1 2 ,
- minor 54,60,120,12L,f26
T ,4 0 ,
3 ,8 0 - 3 8 1
3 5 3 3, 5 5 - 3 5 8
309-311, 31 6-321,323-324,328,
r LL-r45
p e r i n e i2 3 0
315-316,381,144
3 6 1- 3 6 3 ,3 6 9- 3 7 0 ,3 8 0 - 3 8 1T, 4 1 ,
- f i b u t a r icso m m u n i2s8 4 ,
- - l a t e r a l i s2 5 7 , 2 5 9 , 2 7 9 , 2 9 0 ,
p e r o n e u sb r e v i s ,[ o n g u sb z w
T46
- s e r r a t u sa n t e r i o r2 7 - 2 8 , 4 6 , 5 2 ,
361-363,
365,
349-350,
344-345,
2 9 3 ,3 0 8 ,3 10 - 3 16 , 3 2 0 - 3 2 3 ,
t e r t i u ss M u s c u t u fsi b u [ a r i s
368-371, T40,T51
3 3 2 ,3 5 6 ,3 5 8 ,3 6 1 ,3 8 1 ,r 4 4
b r e v i s ,L o n g u sb z w t e r t i u s
5 4 , 5 6 - 5 8 ,6 3 - 6 4 ,7 0 , 1 2 0 ,
- - profundus
- - m e d i a L i s2 9 0 ,3 0 8 ,3 10 - 3 16 ,
366,
31'5,
349-350,
p h a r y n g i s1 0 9
1 2 2 - 1 2,7r 1 7
- - p o s t e r i o ri n l e r i o r 2 7 - 2 8 , 3 7 ,
3 68,373-374, 379, 381-382,
p i r i f o r m i s 2 2 4 ,2 2 6 - 2 2 7 2
323,356-358.381,r44
, 31,
f 4 0 , f1 + 7 5, f1
M y o c a r d i u m76 , 7 8 - 8 0 ,11 9
2 4 3 ,3 1 0 - 3 11 , 3 14 - 3 2 1 ,3 6 0 ,
2 4 9 ,T 1 9
- - superficia[is
- - - s u p e r i o r2 7 - 2 8 , 3 7 , f 1 9
345,349-350,
, 43
363-3643
, 8 0 ,T 4 0 - T 4 1 T
- s o t e u s2 9 0 ,3 0 8 - 3 0 93, 11 ,
368,373,379,
365-366,
p t a n t a r i s2 8 6 , 3 1 1 , 3 2 3 ,
r 4, 0 , r 4 8
381-382
N
3 2 8 - 3 3 1 ,3 6 6 ,3 6 9- 3 7 2 ,3 8 2 ,T 4 0 ,
325-332,369-372, 381, T 41,r 49
- genitofemoralis
- s p h i n c t ear n i e x t e r n u s2 0 7 , 2 1 0 ,
60,66,68,179,
T49
1 9 ,72 1 7
, 2 2 0 - 2 2, 212 5 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 6 ,
p o p l i t e u s2 8 6 - 2 9 0 ,2 9 3 ,3 1 1 ,
N e c k ,m u s c t e s3 4
2 12 - 2 14 , 2 2 6 ,2 3 0- 2 3 3 , 2 3 5 ,
1,5,348_349,
238,256, 317, 344_3
N e c k - s h a fat n g t eo f t h e f e m u rs
3 2 5 ,3 3 0 - 3 3 1 ,3 6 9- 3 7 0 ,3 7 2 ,
240-242,252, 258,r22, r 40
- - - i n t e r n u s2 0 7 , 2 1 0 , 2 3 1 ,
3 5 33, 5 5T, 15 ,T 4 0
A n g t eb e t w e e nn e c k a n d s h a f to f
T 4 0 - T 4 1T
, 50
- gluteusinferior257,344-345,
p s o a sm a j o r 2 9 , 3 5 , 4 1 , 6 2 - 6 3 ,
thefemur
242,252,258
- - p y l o r i c u s1 3 5 ,1 5 2
380,T40,T43
349,360,363-364,
N e p h r o ss R e n
6 8 ,7 2 , 1 5 2 ,18 5 - 18 6 , 1 8 8 ,2 1 7 ,
- - u r e t h r a e2 0 7 , 2 2 6 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 4 , N e r v o u ss y s t e ma, u t o n o m o u s1 1 7 , - - superior3/+1r-345,349,360,
2 2 1 ,2 3 6 ,2 4 5 - 2 4 ,72 5 1, 2 5 4 ,2 5 7,
364,380,r40,rrc-r4t'
120-121
2 5 9 ,3 0 8 ,3 1 0 , 3 1 2 - 3 1 1 , , 3 1, 37L 8 ,
r22
- hypogastricus
- - vesicae 222
214, 222-223
Ne r v u s ( - i l
354-355T
, 42
- iLiohypogastricus
- a c c e s s o r i u s[ X l ] 3 8 - 3 9 ,T 17
- minor 62-63,72,179,217,
- s p i n a l i s3 0
36-37,66,68,
- a n a l e s2 1 4
- - c a p i t i s3 0 - 3 1 ,T 2 0
73,115,117, 179,217
,
,220-221
313,317,355,T42
- - i n f e r i o r e s2 2 5 , 2 4 0 - 2 / . 1 , 3 4 4 ,
- - c e r v i c i s 3 0 ,T 2 0
353,364,T15,
34/+-345,
348-349,
p u b o c o c c y g esu 2 3 0 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
- - t h o r a c i s2 8 ,3 0 ,T 2 0
T40
T40
r22
- i t i o i n g u i n a 6L 0i s6
- a n o c o c c y g e u s2 2 5 ,2 4 0 - 2 4 1 ,
- s p [ e n i u sc a p i t i s2 6 - 2 8 ,3 0 - 3 1 ,
, 3 ,1 7 9 ,
, 6 ,6 8 7
puborectaLis230, 256, 258
238-239,
217-218, 220-221,
3 4 4 ,T4 0
p y r a m i d a t i s5 6 - 5 8 ,6 6 , 7 0 , 7 2 ,
3 3 - 3 4 , 3 8 - 3 91, 2 2 , T 2 0
- a u r i c u l a r im
- - c e r v i c i s2 7 - 2 8 , 3 0 , 3 3 - 3 1T* ,2 0
353,T15,
344-31,5,
31,8-349,
s a g n u s3 6 - 3 8
2 4 2 ,T 1 1 r
- a x i t l a r i s3 6 - 3 7 , 1 2 2
- s t e r n a l i s5 4 , 6 0 ,T 1 3
r40
q u a d r a t u fse m o r i s 2 6 0 ,3 10 ,
- intercostates
- c a r d i a c ucse r v i c a t iisn f e r i o r
- s t e r n o c l e i d o m a s t o i d e2u6s- 2 8 ,
36,38,41,54,66,
318-3213
, 63-3643
, 8 0 ,T 4 0 ,T 4 3
- f u m b o r u m2 9 , 3 1 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 6 6 ,
13,115-117,120,
70,73,112-1
83
3 5 ,3 8 ,5 4 ,5 8 ,1 1 0 ,1 1 9 ,1 2 3
- - - m e d i u s8 3 , 1 2 0
- s t e r n o h y o i d e u1s1 0 ,1 2 3
1 2 11+2, 7, 2 2 0 , 2 4-72 4 8T, 1 3 - r 1 1
6 8 ,7 2 - 7 3 ,1 2 1, 1 5 2 , 2 1 7,
- intercostobrachiaLis
---superior33
- s t e r n o t h y r o i d e u5s5 ,1 ' 1 01, 1 9 ,
37
2 2 0 - 2 2 12, 4 6 - 2 4 72, 5 1 ,3 10 ,
- interosseus
- c a v e r n o sci t i t o r i d i s2 2 3
crurisT40
r16
124
- ischiadicus
284,
- ptanta3
256-257,
e 0 4 , 3 3 9 , 3 4 1 - 3 4 2 , - s u b c l a v i u s5 4 ,6 0 , 11 0 ,1 1 2 - 1 1 3 , - c e r v i c a [ i s1 9 , 4 0 ,1 2 0 ,T 1 9 - I 2 0
- cLunium
360,
347,349-350,
344-315,
i n f e r i o r e s3 6 , 2 4 0 - 2 4 1 ,
377-378,382-383,
T40,T53
120,122-123,126
- s u b c o s t a [ e s6 0 ,T 1 3
362-361,,
380-381,I 40,r n,
3/,9,360-362,r40
quadriceps
femoris262,285,
- - medii 36,349,360-362
- suboccipitate3
T46-T50
287-288,290,306,308,311-312,
s 1 - 3 4 ,L 0
- - projection
- - s u p e r i o r e s3 6 - 3 7 , 3 / + 9 , 3 6 0 ,
- s u b s c a p u t a r i6s 0 ,1 2 2 ,1 2 4 ,f 2 6
350
314,324,332,
T40-r41,r 44
- labiates223
- s u p r a s p i n a t u s1 2 2 - 1 2 3
rd.t^.^..vdo,,<
)1n-2'\1
362
- - anteriores
- c o c c y g e u s2 2 5 ,3 6 4 ,f 4 0
- s u s p e n s o r i udsu o d e n i1 3 5 ,1 5 2
T40
r e c t o u t e r i n u 2s 0 1
- - p o s t e r i o r e2s2 3 , 2 4 1 , f 4 0
- c u t a n e u sb r a c h i li a t e r a t i si n f e r i - t e n s o rf a s c i a el a t a e 5 2 , 7 3 , 2 4 4 ,
r e c t u sa b d o m i n i s1 ' 6 , 5 6 - 5 9 ,
- [aryngeus
recurrens83,88-89,
or 36-37
2 5 6 - 2 5 ,72 6 2 ,2 7 9, 3 0 6 - 3 0 8 ,
6 1 - 6 3 ,6 6 , 6 9 - 7 3 ,1 1 0 ,11 9 , 1 5 5 ,
111-1 13,115,117-1 18,120
s u p e r i o r3 6
1 5 8 , 2 1 ,72 2 6 ,2 t 2 - 2 4 3 ,2 4 6 - 2 5 4 ,
3 11- 3 14 , 3 2 0 ,3 2 2 ,3 5 6 ,3 8 0 ,
- [ u m b a t e6s 6 , 2 2 6 , 3 4 9
---posterior36-37
r40-r41.r44
2 5 6 ,r 1 4 , r 4 0
Index
Nervus[-il
N odus[- i] tymphoideus[- i)
- o b t u r a t o r i u s6 8 ,7 1 , 2 2 0 - 2 2 1 ,
- - b r a c h i a l e s6 5
- - b r o n c h o p u [ m o n a L e1s2 5 - 1 2 7
2 2 5 ,2 2 9 , 2 3 1, 2 3 6 - 2 3 7, 2 5 6 - 2 5 7,
- - c e r v i c a t e sa n t e r i o r e s6 5
2 6 1 ,3 1 7 ,3 t 4 - 3 4 5 ,3 4 8 - 3 4 9 ,3 5 3 ,
3 5 5 ,3 5 7 - 3 5 83, 6 0 ,3 8 0 ,T 4 0 , T 4 5
p r o f u n d i6 5
- o c c i p i t a l im
---taterates120
s ajor 37-40
- - minor 36-38
p r o f u n diln f e r i o r e s1 2 0
- - t e r t i u s 3 7 ,4 0
dol+nnorrnreloc
AE
- p e c t o r a t i s[ a t e r a [ i s6 0 ,T 2 6
- - g a s t r i c i1 3 1 , 2 1 8
- - m e d i a t i s6 0 ,T 2 6
- - g a s t r o o m e n t a t e1s3 1 ,2 4 9
- p e r i n e a l e s2 3 4 ,2 4 0 - 2 4 1 ,
- - h e p a t i c1i 3 1
- - i t e o c o t i c2i 4 3
260-261, T40
- p h r e n i c u6s3 , 8 9 1, 1 0 - 1 1 3 , 1 1 5 , - - i t i a c ci o m m u n e s2 1 8 , 2 2 9
- - - e x t e r n i2 1 8 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 6 , 3 5 4
1 1 8 ,1 2 0 - 1 2 11, 2 4 - 1 2 ,7r 2 1
- - c o u r s e1 1 8
[ a t e r a t e s2 2 9 , 3 5 4
- p l a n t a r i s[ a t e r a I i s3 0 4 ,3 4 5 ,3 5 0 ,
m e d i a t e s2 2 9 , 3 5 4
- - - i n t e r n i2 1 8 , 2 2 9 , 3 5 4
3 76 - 3 7 8 ,3 8 2 - 3 8 3 T
, 4 0 ,I 5 2 - r 5 L
- - m e d i a t i s3 0 4 , 3 4 5 , 3 5 0 ,
- - i n f r a c t a v i c u [ a r e6s 5
- - inguinate3
3 76 - 3 7 8 , 3 8 2 , r4 0 ,T 5 2 - T 5 3
s 52
- p u d e n d u s2 14 , 2 2 2 - 2 2 32, 2 5 ,
---profundi218,354
- - - s u p e r f i c i a t e2s1 8 - 2 1 9 , 3 5 4
2 3 4 ,2 3 6 ,2 4 0 - 2 4 1, 2 5 7, 2 6 0 - 2 6 1,
344-345,3/+9, 360,T22,r 40
i n f e r i o r e s2 1 8 , 3 5 4
- r a d i a t i s3 6 - 3 7
s u p e r o [ a t e r a t e2s1 8 ,
- r e c t a L e isn f e r i o r e ss N e r v u s ( - i )
aq/,
a n a L e si n f e r i o r e s
s u p e r o m e d i a t e2s1 8 ,
- s a c r a l e s 2 2 3 ,2 2 5 - 2 2 6 ,2 4 3 ,
256,354
- - j u x t a o e s o p h a g e a l e1s0 7 , 1 2 7
349,r22
- s a p h e n u s3 4 5 ,3 4 8 - 3 4 9 , 3 5 3 ,
- - [ a c u n a r i s { - e s3]5 5
---mediatis355
357-3583
, 65-3663
, 7 3 ,3 8 1- 3 8 2 ,
- - l i g a m e n tai r t e r i o s i8 8
r40
- s c r o t a t e sa n t e r i o r e sT 4 0
- - [ u m b a L edse x t r i 2 1 8
- - p o s t e r i o r e s2 2 2 , 2 4 0 , T 4 0
---intermedii 218
- s p i n a t e s3 6 , 4 1 , 4 3 , 4 5 ,2 5 1
- - m e d i a s t i n a Laens t e r i o r e s8 8 ,
- spinalis 24,29
1 1 1 ,1 1 3
- s p i n a [ i s l - e s2l 4 , 3 5 ,4 0 - 4 1
- - - p o s t e r i o r e s1 0 7 , 2 4 5
- s p L a n c h n iIcui m b a l e s2 1 1 r
- - o b t u r a t o r i2i 2 9
- - p e t v i csi R a d i xp a r a s y m p a t h - - - p a n c r e a t i c u2s5 0
- - p a r a m a m m a r i6i 5
tca
- s p [ a n c h n i c ums a j o r 6 3 ,
- - n:rrra.trla<
It)
)tS
- - p a r a s t e r n a t e s6 5
11 2 - 11 3 . 11 5 - 11 7 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 '
- - p a r a t r a c h e a t e8s8 , 1 2 0 ,1 2 4
2 2 0 - 2 2 1, 2 4 5 ,2 4 9
- - m i n o r6 3 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 1 , 2 4 5 -, - p a r i e t a l e s2 1 8
- - p h r e n i ciin f e r i o r e s2 1 8
249
- s u b c o s t a t i s6 8 ,7 3 , 1 1 5 - 1 1 7 ,
- - - s u p e r i o r e8s 8 , 1 1 9
- - p o p t i t e u ps r o f u n d u s3 6 6
2 1 7, 2 2 0 - 2 2,13 4 4
- s u b o c c i p i t a t3
---superficiatis366
i s7 ,3 9- 4 0 ,T 2 0
- s u b s c a p u L a r e3s7 , T 2 6
- - preaortici 229,251
- supractavicutare
- - p r e c a v a L e2s 2 9
6 s6
- - t a t e r a L e s3 6 - 3 7
- - p r o m o n t o r i2i 1 8
- s u p r a s c a p u t a r i1s2 3
- - p y t o r i c i1 3 1
- s u r a t i s3 4 5 , 3 4 9 - 3 5 03,6 2 , 3 6 5 ,
rect:lic
crrnorinr
?24
- - r e t r o a o r t i c i2 2 9
382,r40
- thoracic3
- - retrocavales 243
i 7 , 6 0 ,6 6 , 7 0 ,
- - sptenic2
11 2 - 11 3 , 11 5 - 11 7 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 2, 2 0 ,
i 45,249
- - s u b m a m m a r i6
2 4 9 ,r 1 5 , 1 1 9 - T 2 0
i 5
,
- t h o r a c i c u sl o n g u s ' 1 2 2 1
AE
24-126, - - c r r n r e e l e v i r r r l : r o <
r17
t h o r a c i s1 0 7 , 1 2 0
- t h o r a c o d o r s a L1i s2 2 ,f 1 8
- - t i b i a t i sa n t e r i o r3 6 7
- t i b i a t i s 2 8 4 ,3 4 4 - 3 4 5 3
qq
tr:.h6^hr^nehirloc
, 49-350,
3 6 1- 3 6 3 , 3 6 5 - 3 6 6 ,3 6 9- 3 7 3 , 3 76 ,
9 8 - 9 9 ,1 1 3 ,1 2 2
- - - i n f e r i o r e s8 8 , 9 5 ,1 0 7 , 1 1 9 ,
3 8 1- 3 8 2 ,T 4 0 ,T 4 9 - T 5 0 T
, 52-T53
- v a g i n a l i s2 2 3
127
- v a g u s I X8J 3 , 8 8 - 8 91,11 - 11 3 ,11 5 , - - - s u p e r i o r e s8 8 , 1 0 7 ,1 1 9
- sinuatriaIi8
117-118, 120-121, 123-127, 220
s2
N O d CO fR O S E N M U L L3E5R
5
N u c l e u sp u l p o s u s 2 4 - 2 5 ,2 9
Nodutusl-il
- t y m p h o i d e u s (a- igl g r e g a t 1
i 37,
139
0
- - s o I i t a r i i1 3 0 ,1 3 6 - 1 3 71, 3 9 ,
150,210
Oesophagoscop
1 y0 8 ,1 3 3
- v a t v u L asee m i I u n a r i s7 9
0 e s o p h a g u s6 2 - 6 3 ,6 7 ,10 4 - 10 9 ,
Nodus{-il
11 2 - 11 3 ,11 5 - 11 7 ,11 9 - 1 2 1 ,
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u t a r i s8 2 - 8 3
12 3 - 13 0 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 3 ,1 5 7 ,1 8 0 ,2 2 0 ,
- [ y m p h o i d e u s {a- iol r t i c [i a t e r a t e s
242,245
- c o n s t r i c t i o n1
229
s08-109
- - a x i t L a r i s l - e6s5l , 1 2 2 , 1 2 4
- d i v e r t i c u I u m1 0 9
- - - a p i c a t i s1 2 4
- r a d i o g r a p h y1 0 8
0 [ i s t h e s i s9
0mentum
- m a j u s 1 2 1 ,1 3 1 ,1 3 9 - 1 4 0 ,1 4 9 ,
1 5 7- 1 6 6 , 1 7 2 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 , 2 4 5 - 2 ,4 7
2 4 9, 2 5 2 , 2 5 1 r
- m i n u s 1 6 0 - 1 6 11, 6 6 ,2 4 7 ,2 4 9
0 r c h i ss T e s t i s
0 r g an u mI - a l
- g e n i t a t i fae m i n i n ae x t e r n a2 2 3 ,
233,235,241
---interna204,209
- - m a s c u l i n a2 2 2 , 2 3 9
- - - externa 197,238,240
-
nolwic
in tho
fomrlo
???
- - inthemate 236
- u r o g e n i t a l ifae m i n i n ad, e v e t o p ment 200
- - m a s c u [ i n ad,e v e l o p m e n1t 9 2
0 r i f i c i u md u c t u sp a n c r e a t i c1i5 0
0sl-saJ
- c o c c y g i s2 - 4 , 1 1, 2 0 7, 2 1 5 ,2 3 0 ,
2 3 2 - 2 3 32, 4 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 6 - 2 5
, 2771,
273
- c o x a e2 , 1 6 ,4 1 , 2 6 3 , 2 6 6 - 2 6 7
- - AP-radiograp1
h6
- - d e v e t o p m e n t2 6 7
- c u b o i d e u m2 9 5 - 2 9 6 ,2 9 8 - 2 9 9 ,
303,383
- c u n e i f o r m e [ - i a2l9 9
- - i n t e r m e d i u m2 9 5 - 2 9 6 , 2 9 8 ,
3 0 4 ,3 8 3
- - laterale295,298
- - m e d i a t e2 9 5 - 2 9 6 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2
- d i g i t o r u m( P e s l 2 6 3 ,2 9 5 - 2 9 6
- h y o i d e u m1 2
- i t i u m 3 , 1 5 - 1 6 ,4 1 , 7 1 , 7 32, 3 0 ,
2 / + 4 , 2 5 82, 6 4 ,2 7 2 ,2 7/ + , 2 8 0
- i s c h i i 2 3 6 ,2 5 6 ,2 6 4 ,2 7 4
- m e t a t a r s i 2 6 3 ,2 9 5 - 2 9 6 ,
2 9 8 - 2 9 9, 3 0 3 - 3 0 4 ,3 7 9 ,3 8 3
- n a v i c u [ a r e2 9 5 - 2 9 6 2
, 98-299,
303-305,383
- o c c i p i t a t e6 , 1 2 ,1 7- 1 9
- pedis 295-296,299
- - s t r u c t u r ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c s2 9 9
- p u b i s 1 9 6 ,2 1 5 ,2 2 6 ,2 3 4 ,2 / . 2 ,
2 4 / +2, 5 6 - 2 5 7, 2 6 4 ,2 7/ 1 , 2 7 9
- s a c r u m 2 - 5 , 1 0 - 1 1 ,1 5 ,2 3 ,2 6 ,
4 1 ,2 1 5 ,2 2 6 ,2 3 0 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
2 5 2 - 2 5 / 12,6 2 , 2 6 / +2,7 1- 2 7 3 , 3 1 7
- - s e x d i f f e r e n c e1s 1
- s e s a m o i d e al P e s l 2 9 5 - 2 9 6 , 3 0 2 ,
339
- t a r s i 2 6 3 ,2 9 5 - 2 9 6 2
, 98
- t e m p o r a t e4 0
0stiuml-aJ
- a b d o m i n a tteu b a eu t e r i n a e2 0 1 ,
204,209
- a p p e n d i c ivse r m i f o r m i s1 3 9
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u t a rdee x t r u m 7 8
- - s i n i s t r u m7 9 , 1 2 6
- c a r d i a c u m 1 0 8 ,1 2 1 ,1 3 0 ,
16 6 - 16 7, 2 4 4 - 2 4 5 , 2 4 7
- i t e at e 13 9
- p y t o r i c u m1 3 5
- s i n u sc o r o n a r i i7 8 , 8 2 , 8 4
- u r e t e r i s1 9 0 - 1 9 11, 9 5 ,1 9 8 ,2 0 5 ,
252-253,260
- u r e t h r a ee x t e r n u ml U r e t h r a
f e m i n i n a l 2 0 0 ,2 3 1 ,2 3 3 ,2 3 5 ,
2 3 7, 2 4 1 , 2 5 3 ,2 6 1
- - - IUrethramascuIina]
198-199,252
- - i n t e r n u mI U r e t h r af e m i n i n a l
205,253
- - - [ U r e t h r am a s c u l i n a 1
] 90,
19 5 . 19 8 .2 5 2 . 2 6 0
0stium[-a]
- uteti 201-202, 205, 207, 253
- u t e r i n u mt u b a eu t e r i n a e2 0 1 ,
203
- vaginae 200, 233, 235, 237
- v e n a ec a v a ei n f e r i o r i s8 2
---superioris32
Ovariu m 140, 167, 200-202,204,
2 0 9 ,2 2 3 , 2 2 8 , 2 5 3 , 3 5 4
P
P a l a t u mo s s e u m 1 2
P a n c r e a s1 2 1 ,1 3 1 ,1 3 4 ,1 5 2 - 1 5 3 ,
1 5 7, 16 3 - 1 6 41, 7 2 ,1 7 7, 2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
245,249-250
- c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h y1 5 5
- L o wm a g n i t u d e n l a r g e m e n1t 5 3
- p r o j e c t i o n1 3 4
- ultrasound
image 151'
P a n c r e a t o c y t i c uesx o c r i n u s 15 3
P a n n i c u l uasd i p o s u s5 8 ,7 2 ,2 1 0 ,
232,239
P a p i L t[a- a e )
-
152-153
- minor152-153
i t e at i s 13 9
m a m m a r i a5 2 , 6 4 ,1 2 7
r e n a l e s 1 8 3 - 1 8 4 ,1 8 6 , 2 4 5
o f V a t e rs P a p i [ [ a ( - a d
eu
] odenr
maJor
P a r a c y s t i u m2 6 0 - 2 6 1
P a r a d i d y m i s1 9 2
Parametrium
s Ligamentum
cardina[e
P a r a p r o c t i u sm S p a t i u mp a r a r e c taLe
P a r a s y m p a t h e t ince r v o u ss y s t e m
214,222-223
P ar i e s
- a n t e r i o r( G a s t e r 1
l 3 3 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 1
- m e m b r a n a c e ul sT r a c h e a9l 1 ,
9 9 , 1 0 7, 1 1 9
- p o s t e r i olrG a s t e r J1 3 3 ,1 5 5
P a r o o p h o r o n2 0 0
Pars
- a b d o m i n a [ iaso r t a e3 5 ,6 2 - 6 3 ,
6 9 , 1 0 41
, 1 5 ,1 1 7 , 1 4 8 ,514 - 15 5 ,
1 5 7, 16 8 ,1 7 2 ,1 74 , 1 7 7- 1 7 9 ,1 8 5 ,
18 7 - 18 9 ,2 1 2 ,2 14 , 2 16 - 2 1 8 2
, 21,
2 2 5 ,2 2 7, 2 2 9 ,2 4 2 , 2 4 5 , 2 5 0 - 2 5,1
359
- - - u t t r a s o u n idm a g e 1 7 8
- - a u t o n o m i c a2 2 0
- - [ M p e c t o r a t i sm a j o r J 5 2 , 5 4 ,
5 6 ,5 8 ,6 0 ,T 2 6
- - l O e s o p h a g u s6l2 - 6 3 , 1 0 4 ,
10 6 , 10 8 - 10 9 , 1 1 7, 1 2 8 ,1 3 0
- - {Ureterl 163,216
- a n t e r i o rl F a c i e sd i a p h r a g m a t i c a
h e p a t i s )1 4 5
- - I F o r n i x v a g i n a e2 l0 2 , 2 0 5
- a n u t a r i sv a g i n a ef i b r o s a e3 4 0
- a s c e n d e naso r t a e 7 5 ,7 8 - 8 0 , 8 4 ,
1 0 9 ,114 - 11 5 ,11 7 ,11 9 - 1 2 1
125-126,255
- - [ D u o d e n u m l1 3 4 , 1 3 9 - 1 4 0 ,
152,165,167
- - { M .t r a p e z i u s2l 6 , f 1 7
- a t t a n t i c aI A v e r t e b r a [ i s ]3 4 , 4 0
- b a s a l i s( A a [ o b a r e si n f e r i o r e s
d e x t r a e l9 8
- - l A a .[ o b a r e si n f e r i o r e ss i n i s trael 98-99
- b a s i t a r i (sO so c c i p i t a t e1l 7 - 19
lndex
Pars
- c a r d i a c a6 3 ,1 0 4 ,1 2 1 ,1 3 0 - 1 3 2 ,
1 7 9, 2 1 7, 2 4 2
- c e r v i c a l i(sC o [ u m n vae r t e b r a t i s ]
2
- - [ 0 e s o p h a g u s1] 0 4 ,' 1 0 6 - 1 0 8 ,
119
- c t a v i c u t a r (i sM p e c t o r a t im
s ajor) 51',f26
- costatid
s i a p h r a g m a t i5s 4 ,
6 2 - 6 3 ,7 3 , 1 4 8 ,1 7 9 , 2 4 6 - 2 5 0 ,
T21
- - [ P t e u r ap a r i e t a t i s5) 4 ,1 1 0 ,
11 2 - 1 1 3 ,1 2 0 - 1 2 1 1
, 2 4 ,1 5 9 ,
246-250
- c r u c i f o r m i sv a g i n a ef i b r o s a e3 4 0
- d e s c e n d e naso r t a e 7 5 ,1 0 7 , 1 0 9 ,
11/1,125-127
- - [ D u o d e n u m 1] 2 8 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 2 ,
13 4 - 13 5 , 14 0 , 1 5 2 - 1 5 1 1
, 67,
179
- - t L i g i L i o f e m o r a t e2l 7 8
- - [ M t r a p e z i u s 2) 6 , f 1 7
- d i a p h r a g m a t i c5a4 ,6 3 ,8 9 ,
11 0 - 11 3 , 11 8 , 1 5 9 ,2 4 5 ,2 4 8 - 2 5 0
- h o r i z o n t a L(iD
s uodenuml
13 4 - 13 5 , 1 5 2 - 1 5 3 ,16 3 ,16 5 ,16 7 ,
179
- i n f r a c t a v i c u L a r i5s4 , 1 1 2 - 1 1 3
- intermedia
l U r e t h r am a s c u l i n a l
195-196,198,252
- i n t r a m u r a l i IsU r e t h r am a s c u t i n a l 19 8
- i n t r a s e g m e n t a l i s1 2 0 ,1 2 2
- l a t e r a t i sl 0 s o c c i p i t a [ e l17
- - { 0 s s a c r u m )1 0 - 1 1 , 4 1 , 2 5 4 ,
261,273
- L i b e r am e m b r ii n f e r i o r i s2 6 3
- L u m b a L {i sC o t u m n a
v e r t e b r a [ i s2]
- - d i a p h r a g m a t i6s 2 - 6 3 ,6 8 ,
1 0 4 ,1 0 6 ,11 5 - 1 ' 1 61 ,1 9 ,1 2 1 ,
14 8 , 15 5 , 1 7 2 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 , 2 1 5 ,
248-250,r21
- m e d i a s t i n a L8i s9 ,9 5 , 1 1 1 - 1 1 3 ,
125,159
- m e m b T a n a c el S
a e p t u mi n t e r v e n t r i c u l a r e7l 9 - 8 0
- - I U r e t h r am a s c u t l n asl P a r s
intermedia
l U r e t h r am a s c u t i nal
- m u s c u [ a r i (sS e p t u mi n t e r v e n t r i c u t a r e l7 8 - 8 0
- o c c l u s a2 2 9 , 2 3 6
- patens 225,227-229
- petvica
l U r e t e r l7 1 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7 ,
221
- p o s t e r i olrF o r n i xv a g i n a e 2
l 02,
205,207,253
- p r o f u n d al C o m p a r t i m e n t u m
rrrrri< nn<+orirr<l ?AA
- p r o s t a t i c a1 9 0 ,1 9 5 ,1 9 8
- p y [ o r i c a1 1 7 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 2 - 1 3 51, 5 8 ,
16 0 ,16 6 ,2 4 7, 2 5 5
- s p o n g i o s a1 9 8 - 1 9 9 2
, 52
- sterna[id
s i a p h r a g m a t i6s 2 - 6 3 ,
110-111,119,243,121
- s t e r n o c o s t a t i(sM p e c t o r a [ r s
m a j o r l 5 2 ,5 4 ,5 6 ,5 8 ,6 0 ,T 2 6
- s u b c u t a n e{aM s p h i n c t ear n i
e x l e T n u szl J a , t z l
- s u p e r f i c i a l i{sC o m p a r t i m e n t u m
rrrrric
nnctorirrcl
?AA
- s u p e r i oIrD u o d e n u m1l 2 8 , 1 3 0 ,
1 3 4 - 1 3 61,4 9 ,15 3 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 1
16 6 - 16 7, 1 7 9, 2 1 4
- - [Facied
s iaphragmatica
h e p a t i s l1 4 2
Pars
- t e r m i n a [ i s1 3 7 , 1 6 3
- t h o r a c i c a o r t a e6 3 , 6 9 , 8 7 , 9 9 ,
10/+-106
1 ,0 9 ,11 3 - 11 5 ,1 1 7 ,1 2 1 ,
1 2 1 ,1 5 2 ,1 5 7, 1 7 8 , 2 4 8
- - a u t o n o m i c a1 1 7 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1
- - ( C o L u m nvae r t e b r a [ i s2]
- - [ D u c t u s t h o r a c i c u1s1]3 ,
115-116
- - ( O e s o p h a g u s6 l3 ,1 0 4 - 1 0 9 ,
11 3 ,115 - 11 7 ,1 1 9 ,1 2 1 ,2 4 5
- t i b i o c a t c a n e a3 0 0 - 3 0 2 3
, 04
- t i b i o n a v i c u L a r3i0s 0
- t i b i o t a t a r iasn t e r i o r3 0 0
- - p o s t e r i o r3 0 0 - 3 0 1
- t T a n s v e r s IaL i g i t i o f e m o r a t e )
278
- - ( M t r a p e z i u s 2l 6 , T 1 7
- t r a n s v e r s a r i a[ A v e r t e b r a l i s J
40
- u r e n n al t u 0 au t e n n a tz u l
P a t e t t a2 6 2 - 2 6 3 ,2 8 L - 2 8 5 , 2 8 ,7
290-293,306, 3 14-3 15, 322-323,
3 2 7, 3 3 2 , 3 6 5
- r i d g eo f t h e 2 9 2
Pecten
- a n a t i s2 1 0 , 2 3 1 , 2 5 2
- o s s i sp u b i s 6 2 , 2 3 1 , 2 6 L ,
2 6 6 - 2 6 7 ,2 71 , 3 14 - 3 1 5 ,3 1 7
P e d i c u l uas r c u sv e r t e b r a e5 , 7 - 9 ,
1 2 , 1 4 - 1 6 ,2 0 - 2 1, 2 3 - 2 5 , 2 9 , 3 5 ,
273
P e d o g r a m s3 8 4
P e L v i ac p e r t u r e 2 6 4
P e L v iacr t e r i e sd, i g i t a sLu b t r a c t i o n
a n g i o g r a p htyD S A I3 5 9
P e L v i c o n s t r i c t i o n2 6 5
Palvir rlienhr:nm
T??
- of the female 230-231,233-235
- ofthemate232,234,236
P e t v i co r g a n s
- in the femate 228
- in the male 226-227
P e t v i cw i d t h 2 6 5
P e l v i s2 6 4 , 2 6 8
- A P - r a d i o g r a p 2h 7 3 - 2 7
4
- cT 254
- of the femate 265
- - c r o s s - s e c t i o n2 5 7
--cr257
-
- m e d i a ns e c t i o n2 5 3
- MRt 253,259
- o b t i q u es e c t r o n2 6 1
- p e t v i cd i m e n s i o n s2 6 5
j o i n t s o f p e l v i ca i r d t e 2 6 8 - 2 7 1
L u m b o s a c r apl a s s a g e2 6 8 - 2 6 9 ,
271
- majot 264
- o f t h e m a [ e .c r o s s - s e c t i o2n5 4 ,
256
--cr256
-
-
f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 2 5 8
m e d i a ns e c l i o n 2 4 2 , 2 5 2
MRt 252,259
o b [ i q u es e c t i o n2 6 0
-
-
<>nit+rl
<aetian
2l'\
- minor 167,26/.
- m u s c t e so, r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n s
310-311
- r e n a t i s1 7 1 , 1 8 2 - 1 8 4 8
, 16 , 18 8 ,
192,200, 216, 245-246,250
- - a m p u t l a rt y p e 1 8 6
- - AP-radiograph
186
- - d e n d r i t i c t y p1e8 6
- s e x d i f f e r e n c e s2 6 4 , 2 6 8 - 2 7 1
P e n i s 1 9 7 ,1 9 9 ,2 2 2 ,2 4 4 ,2 6 0
P e r f o r a t i n gv e i n ,[ a t e r a [ 3 5 2
P e r i c a r d i u m6 3 ,74 - 7 5 , 8 5 ,8 9 ,
98-99,110,118,217
- f i b r o s u m7 4 , 8 9 ,1 0 7 ,111 - 11 3 ,
121, 159
- s e T o s u m74 - 7 5 , 7 8 - 8 0 ,8 4 , 8 9 ,
119-120
P e r i n e a [ a c e r a t i o n2 3 3
P e r i n e u m2 3 5
- of the femaLe 230, 233, 241
- of the male 232,240
P e r i o r c h i u m1 9 4
P e r i o s t e u m4 3
P e r i s t a l s i s1 3 2
P e r i t o n e u m1 4 3
h-r;6+rld
q/, Ea
a1_a1 7q,120,
1 4 9 ,1 5 8 ,1 6 7 ,1 7 9 ,1 9 0 ,1 9 6 ,2 1 7 ,
226, 2/+2,248-251, 253, 256
- u r o g e n i t a [ e2 0 2 ,2 1 0 ,2 6 0 - 2 6 1
- v i s c e r a [ e5 4 , 7 0 , 1 2 0 ,1 3 6 ,2 4 2 ,
246,248-249,251
Pes 263
- a n s e r i n u s u p e r f i c i a l i3s 1 3 ,
323
- cavus384
- c r o s s - s e c t i o3n8 2
- f r o n t a Is e c t i o n 3 8 4
- j o i n t s 3 0 0 - 3 0 3T, 3 9
- [ i g a m e n t s3 0 2
- l o n g i t u d i n as Ie c t i o nM
, RI 383
- m u s c t e s3 3 3 - 3 4 3 , 3 8 4T,5 1 - T 5 4
- - o r i g i n sa n d i n s e r t i o n s3 3 3 ,
339
- o s t e o f i b r o u tsu b e s 3 8 4
-
- -^:++^l
sog,trdt
-^^+i^^
ao2
- t e n d o ns h e a t h s3 3 4 - 3 3 5
- vatgus303
- vault 299
P E Y E Rp' sa t c h e s1 3 7
P hat an x [- g e s )
- d i s t a L i s { - e s( P
} e s l 2 6 3 ,2 9 5 - 2 9 6 ,
383
- m e d i a t - a e(lP e s l 2 6 3 , 2 9 5 - 2 9 6 ,
383
- l P e s l 2 6 3 ,2 9 6 ,2 9 9 , 3 0 4
- p r o x i m a l i {sP e s l 2 9 5 - 2 9 63, 8 3
P h a r y n x1 3 3
P i am a t e rs p i n a t i s4 1 ,4 3
Ptacenta 207-208
Planta 262,375-378
- a r t e r i e s3 7 5
- - v a r i a t i o n s3 7 5
P l a n t a ra p o n e u r o s iss A p o n e u r o sisplantaris
P t a t y s m a5 8
P [ e ur a
- p a r i e t a L i5s4 ,6 3 ,8 9 ,9 5 ,
, 23-125,
110 - 1 ' 13 , 11 8 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 1
159, 245-250
- p u t m o n a l iss P t e u r av i s c e r a t i s
- v i s c e r a t i s5 / + 1
, 1 2 ,1 2 0 - 1 2 1 ,
246-21+7
P [ e u r a Lb o r d e r s ,p r o j e c t i o n1 0 3
P l e u r o c e n t e s i sp,u n c t u r eo f t h e
p l e u r a lc a v i t y 5 4
Plexus
- a o r t i c u st h o r a c i c u s8 9 , 11 3 ,
117,121
- b r a c h i a l i s5 4 , 6 0 , 1 1 1 - 1 1 3 , 1 2 0 ,
122-123,128,T11,f17
- c a r d i a c u8s 3 , 1 1 3 , 1 1 7 - 1 1 8
- c a r o t i c u sc o m m u n i s 1 1 0
- c e r v i c a [ i s3 6 - 3 7 , 4 0 , f 1 1 - f 1 2 ,
r17.r21
- c o c c y g e u s2 2 5 ,3 4 4 ,f 4 0
- c o e l i a c u s2 1 4 , 2 2 0
- d e f e r e n t i a L 1i s9 7 .2 2 2
P[exus
- h y p o g a s t r i c uisn l e r i o r 2 2 2 - 2 2 3
- - s u p e r i o r2 1 4 , 2 2 2 - 2 2 3
- L u m b a t i s2 9 , 3 6 ,6 6 , 6 8 , 2 5 4 ,
3/r1+,
T 15, I 40,T42, I 45
- L u m b o s a c r a t i s6 8 ,2 2 0 ,3 4 4 ,f 4 0
- m e s e n t e r i c u si n f e r i o r 2 2 0 , 2 2 2
- - superior 222-223
- o e s o p h a g e u s1 1 2 ,1 1 7 ,1 2 1 ,2 2 0
- o v a r i c u s2 2 3
- p a m p i n i f o r m i s6 0 , 7 0 ,1 9 3 - 1 9 4 ,
197,238-239, 213
- p r o s t a t i c u s2 2 2
- putmonalis112-1131
, 20-121
- rectaLisinterior 21L
- - m e d i u s2 1 4
- - s u p e r i o r2 1 4
- r e n a t i s2 2 3
- s a c r a [ i s 6 8 ,2 14 , 2 2 0 ,2 2 3 ,2 2 5 ,
r22,r 40,r n, r 46
344,349,
-
t e s t i c u [ a r i s1 9 7 , 2 2 2
u t e r o v a g i n a t i s2 2 3
v e n o s u sa r e o l a r i s6 6
- p r o s t a t i c u s2 3 6 , 2 6 0
- r e c t a t i s2 1 3
- s u b m u c o s u s10 6 , 1 8 ' 1
- v a g i n a t i s2 2 8
- v e r t e b r a t i se x t e r n u sa n t e r i o r
1+2
P o s t e r i o r4 2
---internus123
anterior 41-43,45,242
p o s t e r i o r4 1 - 4 / 1 , 1 1 9
- - v e s i c a l i s2 2 7 , 2 3 6 - 2 3 7 , 2 5 6
P L i c la- ae l
- alares 285
- c i r c u t a r e s1 3 0 ,1 3 2 ,1 3 5 ,1 3 7 ,
150,152
- d u o d e n a t iisn f e r i o r1 6 5 ,1 6 7
- g a s t r i c a e1 3 0 ,1 3 3
- g a s t r o p a n c r e a t i c1 a6 1 ,1 6 6 - 1 6 7
- i [ e o c a e c a t i s1 6 2 - 16 3 ,1 6 7
- i n t e r u r e t e r i c a1 9 0 - 1 9 1 1
, 98,
260
- l o n g i t u d i n a [di su o d e n i1 5 0 ,1 5 2
- m u c o s a e1 5 0 ,1 9 0 ,1 9 8
- p a t m a t a e2 0 1 , 2 5 3
- r e c t o u t e r i n a2 0 1 ,2 2 8 - 2 2 9 ,2 5 3
- s e m i [ u n a r ecso t i 1 3 9 , 1 4 1 , 1 6 3
- s p i r a t i s1 5 0 - 1 5 1
- s y n o v i a l i s3 0 1
-
-
:^r-^^^+^lr--iililroPoLE(ro,,r
toq
zuJ
- - m e d i o p a t e L L a r2i s8 4
- t r a n s v e r s ar e c t i 2 0 7 , 2 1 0 - 2 1 1 ,
242,252-253
- t u b a r i a e2 0 1
- u m b i L i c a l li as t e r a l i s5 9 , 7 1 - 7 2 ,
158-159,227,236
- - m e d i a t i s5 9 , 7 1 - 7 2 , 1 5 8 - 1 5 9 ,
1 96 , 2 0 9 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 7 ,2 3 6 ,2 5 3
- - m e d i a n a5 9 , 7 1 - 7 2 , 1 5 8 - 1 5 9 ,
196, 209, 217, 236, 252-253
- v e s i c a t i s t r a n s v e r s7 a1 ,2 3 6
Point
- o f v . L A N Z14 0
- o f M c B U R N E1Y4 0
- of SUDEcK
176,212
P o l u su r i n a r i u s1 8 4
P o p t i t e apt e r f o r a t i nvge i n 3 5 2
P o r t ah e p a t i s1 4 2
Portio
- s u p r a v a g i n a t icse r v i c i s2 0 1 - 2 0 2
- v a g i n a l i sc e r v i c i s 2 0 1 ,2 0 5 , 2 0 7 ,
253
---nullipara205
P o r t o c a v aaI n a s t o m o s e s1 8 1 ,2 1 3
P o s i t i ol U t e r u s l 2 0 3
Index
Ram us[- i] cutaneusl-il
Ramus[-i]
- - m e d i a t i s ( - e IsNJ s p i n a t i s 3l 6 ,
- o e s o p h a g e a t el sA g a s t r i c a
Radixl-cesi
41
s i n i s t r a1l 0 6 , 1 3 1 , 1 6 8
- a n t e r i o rl N s p i n a t i s l4 1 ,4 3 ,4 5 ,
- - l N o b t u r a t o r i u s3j 4 9 ,3 5 3 ,
- - [ A ,t h y r o i d e a
i n f e r i o r ]1 0 6
- - I A o r t a l 1 0 6 ,1 1 5
214
3 5 7 - 3 5 8 ,3 6 0 ,T 4 0
- mesenteri1
s ediatis3
i 4 0 ,16 3 ,16 6 - 16 7 ,1 7 7
l 77
l N p L a n t a r im
l G a n g t i otnh o r a c i c u m l1 2 0
- m o t o r i as . R a d i xa n t e r i o r
- - p o s t e r i o r ( - e sIlN n c e r v i c a [ e s , - - l N [ a r y n g e u rse c u r r e n s J1 1 5 ,
Pr
nnctorinrocl
?Q
121
lN spinatisl
- p a r a s y m p a t ha
- - - l N n t h o r a c i c iR, r p o s t e r i - - { V g a s t r i c as i n i s t r a l1 6 9 ,1 8 1
i c 2 14 , 2 2 2 - 2 2 3
- p o s t e r i o rI N s p i n a L i s l4 1 ,1 + 34,5
- o m e n t a l e sl A a g a s t r o o m e n 0rest J6
- d e s c e n d e n(sA c i r c u m f t e x a
R am u s l - i l
t a L e s1l 3 1 , 1 7 2
- a c e t a b u L a r il sA c i r c u m f l e x a
- - l V v g a s t r o o m e n t a t e s1l3 1 ,1 6 0
f e m o r i s[ a t e r a L i s3l 5 1 ,3 5 7 - 3 5 9
- - { A c i r c u m f l e x af e m o r i sm e d i - o s s i si s c h i i 2 3 4 , 2 5 7 , 2 6 1 ,
f e m o r i sm e d i a t i s 3
J59
- - [ A o b t u r a t o r i a3l 5 7 ,3 5 9
atisl359
2 6 6 - 2 6 ,72 7 3 , 3 1 ,73 1 9
- a n t e r i o r{ A m e d i ag e n u s l 2 8 9
- d e x t e r( A h e p a t i c a
p r o p r i a l1 4 6 , - o v a r i c u s2 0 4
- - [ A o b t u r a t o r i a3] 5 7 ,3 5 9
- p e r f o r a n s [ - t e s[]A f i b u L a r i s ]
1 7 1, 2 4 9
- - [ A r e n a t i s l1 8 2
- - {V portae hepalis) 146,244,
351, 368, 374
- - I N c e r v i c a L i s1l2 0
- - lA thoracica
246,248-249
i n t e r n a l6 9
- - I N l u m b a l i s )4 1 , 2 2 6
- d o r s a t i s[ A t u m b a l i s ]4 1
- - l A r c u sp L a n t a r i sp r o f u n d u s l
- - [ N o b t u r a t o r i u s ]6 8 , 3 4 8 .
- - ( V t u m b a l i s l4 1
378
- f e m o r a [ i s6 6 ,6 8 , 2 1 ,72 2 1, 3 1 7,
- p e r i c a r d i a c ul N
T39-T40
s phrenicusl
- - [ N s a c r a t i s l2 2 6
3 4 4 , 3 4 9 , 3 5 33, 5 5 ,T 4 0
118
- - l N s p i n a t i s l4 0 - 4 1 , 4 5 , f 2 0
- f u n d iu t e r il A u t e r i n a l2 0 4
- p e r i n e a t e s2 / + 0 - 2 L 1
- - l T r u n c u sn s p i n a t i s 4l 2 - 4 3 ,
- g a s t r i cai n t e r i o r e (sT r u n c u vs a - p h r e n i c o a b d o m i n a ll N
es
g a [ i s a n t e r i o 1r l1 7
45
p h r e n i c u s6J3 , 1 1 8
- - l V p o r t a eh e p a t i s )2 4 6
- - l V g a s t r o o m e n t a l ids e x t r a l
- p o s t e r i o r ( - e [sA) m e d i ag e n u s ]
- a r t i c u [ a r e s{ A d e s c e n d e n s
160
289
- g e n i t a I i s6 0 ,6 8 , 1 9 7 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 ,
- - [ A o b t u r a t o r i a J3 5 9
g e n u s l 3 5 1 ,3 5 6 - 3 5 8
- a s c e n d e n sl A c i r c u m f L e x a
- - ( A .r e n a t i s l1 8 2
225, 238, 256, 344, 31+9
, T40
- h e t i c i n i2 0 4
- - [ a t e r a [ e IsN n t h o r a c i c i 3
f e m o r i sl a t e r a L i s 3
] 5 1 ,3 5 8 - 3 5 9
J7
- - l A c i r c u m f l e x af e m o r i s
- i l i a c u s2 1 7 , 2 2 1
- - m e d i a [ e {sN n t h o r a c i c i 3
l 7
- i n f e r i o ro s s i sp u b i s 1 9 6 , 2 1 5 ,
- - I N a u r i c u [ a r im
mediatis3
j 63
s a g n u s l3 6
- a t r i a l e s( A c o r o n a r i ad e x t r a l
- - [ N c e r v i c a t i s l3 7 - 4 0
2 3 4 ,2 6 0 ,2 6 6 - 2 6 7, 2 7 2 - 2 7 3 , 3 1 ,7
- - [ N o b t u r a t o r i u s ]3 4 8 ,T 4 0
8 4 ,8 6
319
- - (A coronaria
- i n f r a p a t e L L a r3i s4 8 - 3 4 9 3
- - [ N s a c r a t i s3
s i n i s t r a l8 6
, 53,
J7
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u t a r e 8s 6 - 8 7
- - I N s p i n a l i s )3 6 - 3 7 , 4 0 - 4 1 , 4 5
3 6 5 ,T 4 0
- b r o n c h i a [ e9s 9
- i n t e r c o s t a t easn t e r i o r e s6 9 , 2 4 7
- - { N n t h o r a c i c i3
J 7 - 3 8 ,T 2 0
- - l A o r t a J1 0 5 - 1 0 61, 1 2 , 1 1 5 ,
- interganglionare
- - I T r u n c u s ns p i n a t i s 4
4 s5
J1-43,
- i n t e r v e n t r i c u t a r i s [ -aenstl e r i o r
121
45
- - [ N v a g u s J1 1 5 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1
- - l V p o r t a eh e p a t i s l 2 4 8
s i n i s t r a ]7 4 ,
[A coronaria
- c a L c a n e[ Ai t i b i a t i sp o s t e r i o r l
- - v e n t r i c u lsi i n i s t r i8 5 - 8 6
1 1 9 ,1 2 7, 1 3 2 , 2 0 7, 2 4 2 , 2 4 8
7 9- 8 0 , 8 1 , 8 6 - 8 7, 9 8 , 1 2 7
( 0 ss a c r u m l3 - + ,
- - p o s t e r i o r{ A c o r o n a r i ad e x - p o s t e r o t a t e r a t idse x t e r 8 6 - 8 7
Promontorium
372
- - m e d i a t e sI N t i b i a L i s3l 7 6 ,
- p r o f u n d u sl A c i r c u m f t e x a
1 0 - 11 , 15 , 6 2 , 1 7 7 ,1 8 5 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 7 ,
t r a l 7 5 ,8 0 , 8 4 - 8 7 , 1 2 0
- - s e p t a t e s{ A c o r o n a r i ad e x t r a )
2L2,253,26/+,31/+
T40
f e m o r i sm e d i a t i s J3 5 9 ,3 6 3 - 3 6 4
- c a r d i a c ucse r v i c a t iisn f e r i o r3 7 6
- - l A g t u t e as u p e r i o r l3 6 4
P r o n a t i ol A r t i c u L a t itoa l o t a r s a t i s l
86
l
^ ^ -^ ^ ^ -i^
^ i^ i^ +-^ l
- - (A p[antarim
T39
s ediatis3
5ilil5udj
J75
{ N v a g u s )8 3
tH
- - t h o r a c i c u isn f e r i o rI N v a g u s )
- - ( A t r a n s v e r s ac o t L i l3 8 - 3 9
P r o s t a t a7 1 , 1 9 0 - 1 9 11, 9 5 - 1 9 6 ,
86-87
- L a b i a l ep
- - [ N p [ a n t a r i s[ a t e r a l i s J
1 9 8 , 2 2 22, 2 6 - 2 2 ,72 3 6 ,2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
83,118
s o s t e r i o r e s2 4 1
- - - I N v a g u s l ' 11 2 - 1' 1 3 1, 1 8
- L a t e r a t i [sA c o r o n a r i as i n i s t r a )
252,259-260
377-378
- - - [Truncussympathicus)
- - [ V g t u t e as u p e r i o r l3 6 4
Protuberantia
o c c i p i t a l i se x t e r n a
86
- - [ N s p i n a t i sR, p o s t e r i o r )
- p u b i c u s{ A e p i g a s t r i c ai n f e r i o r l
26,39
113
- c i r c u m f l e x u(sA c o r o n a r i sa r n r s P s o a sa r c a d e 6 3
41-43
225,359
- - l N t h o r a c i c u s3l 7
- - l A o o l u r a l o f t a ll l 5
P u b e s 19 7
rral 74-75,84-87
- c o m m u n i c a n s [ - t el sA] f i b u L a r i s l - m a L [ e o [ a r eLsa t e r a [ e s3 5 1 , 3 7 2
- r a d i c u t a r iasn t e r i o r{ A .s p i n a t i s
P u I m o 5 4 ,9 2 ,9 L - | 0 0 ,1 1 0
- a r t e r i e s1 0 0
- - m e d i a t e s3 5 1 , 3 7 2
351
a n t e r i o r l4 5
- d e x t e r 8 9 ,9 L - 9 8 ,11 0 - 1 11 , 11 8 ,
- - a L b u s4 2
- m a n d i b u L a1e2
- s a p h e n u s{ A d e s c e n d e n s
120-121, 123-127, 1/+8,159,243,
f i b u t a r i s 3 4 5 ,3 6 5 ,T 4 0
m a r g i n a t i ds e x t e r 8 0 , 8 4 , 8 6 - 8 7
g e n u s J3 5 ' 13, 5 8
- - g r i s e u s4 2
- - s i n i s t e r 8 0 , 8 4 ,8 6 - 8 7
- s c r o t a t e sa n t e r i o r e s2 3 8
245-246
- o r g a n i s a t i o 9n 8
- - [ T r u n c u s ns p i n a t i s4l 1 , 4 3 ,
- m a s t o i d e ulsA o c c i p i t a t i s3l 8
- - p o s t e r i o r e s2 2 7 , 2 4 0
- s i n i s t e r8 9 ,9 4 - 9 9 ,11 0 - 111 ,
- m e d i a t i sI N s p i n a t i sR, p o s t e r i - - s i n i s t e r[ A h e p a t i c ap r o p r i a l 1 4 6
45
- - l T r u n c u s y m p a t h i c u s4l 5 ,
- - [ V p o r t a eh e p a t i s l1 4 6 ,1 5 4
11 8 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 2 ,12 4 , 12 6 - 12 7 , 15 9 ,
ot) 41-43
- - [ N t h o r a c i c u s3l 7
- s p i n a l e sl A i n t e r c o s t a l i p
245,247
112-113,116-117,222
s oste- veins100
- c o n ia r t e r i o s i 8 1 , , 8 6 - 8 7
- m e n i n g e u lsT r u n c u sn s p i n a t i s )
nofl 45
- c u t a n e u s ( -ai ln t e r i o r l - e salb - - [ A s a c r a t i sl a t e r a t i s ]2 2 6
P u l m o n a r ay n g i o g r a p h y1 0 0
41-43,45
- m u s c u L a r i s l - el sNl . f e m o r a t i s l
- s p L e n i c1i 7 3
P u [ m o n a r yb o r d e r s ,p r o j e c t i o n
d o m i n a l e s6 6
- - - t N f e m o r a t i s l6 6 ,6 8 ,
- s u b e n d o c a r d i a t e8s3
103
356-358T
, 40
- - l N . f i b u t a r i sp r o f u n d u s3l 7 4
- s u p e r f i c i a L i[sA c i r c u m f t e x a
P u t p as p t e n i c a15 6
3 / + 8 - 3 4 9 , 3 5 3T,4 0
- - - lN iLiohypogastricu
- - lN p[antarim
P y e l o g r a p h yi n, t r a v e n o u s2 16
s ediatis3
o so l,
J77
f e m o r i sm e d i a [ i s ]3 5 7 ,3 5 9 ,3 6 3
- - (N tibiatisl362-363,
- - ( A g t u t e as u p e r i o r l3 6 3
P y t o r u s1 2 8 - 1 3 11, 3 5 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 1
349,353
- - c r u r i sm e d i a l e s( N
P y r a m i d e rse n a t e s1 8 3 - 1 8 41, 8 8 ,
- - [A ptantarim
369-370
s ediatis3
] 75,
- n o d ia t r i o v e n t r i c u l a r i s8 6
245
s a p h e n u s 3l 4 9 ,3 6 5 ,T 4 0
378
- - [ a t e r a t i s [ - e {sN) i t i o h y p o g a s - - - s i n u a t r i a L i8s4 ,8 6
- - [ A t r a n s v e r s ac o t t i ] 3 9
- o b t u r a t o r i u{sA e p i g a s t r i cian - - [ N p L a n t a r i lsa t e r a t i s ]
t r i c u s l 3 6 , 3 1 , 93, 6 0 ,3 6 4
- - - ( N s p i n a L i s3) 6 , 1 1 1
0
f e r i o r J 2 2 5 ,3 5 9
37 6-378
- - - [ N n t h o r a c i c i3
- o c c i p i t a t i s ( - e[ sAl a u r i c u l a r i s
- - l N t i b i a t i s lT 4 0
] 44
- - - p e c t o r a t e s( N n i n t e r - s u p e r i o ro s s i sp u b i s 1 9 6 , 2 3 4 ,
Q u a d r a n g u t as rp a c e3 7
p o s t e r i o r )3 8
- - { A o c c i p i t a L i s3l 8
c o s t a l e s i3 8 , 6 6
26 / 1 2
, 66- 2 6 7 , 2 72 - 2 73 , 3 17
Preputium
- c L i t o r i d i s2 3 3 , 2 3 5
- p e n i s 19 7 - 1 9 9 2, 4 2 - 2 4 32, 5 2
P r o c e s s uIs- u s l
- a c c e s s o r i u 5s , 8 - 9
- a r t i c u l a r i isn f e r i o r6 , 8 - 9 , 1 2 ,
15 - 16 , 2 2 - 2 3 ,2 5 , 2 9 , 3 5 , 2 5 4
- - s u p e r i o rl O ss a c r u m l 1 0 - 11 ,
4 1, 2 3 0 , 2 5 4
- - - I V e r t e b r a e5l - 9 , 1 2 , 1 5 - 1 6 ,
2 0 - 2 1, 2 3 , 2 5 , 2 9 , 3 5 ,4 1,
45,248,273
- c a u d a t u s1 4 2
- c o r a c o i d e u s4 7 - 4 8 ,1 2 2
- c o s t a t i s5 , 9 , 1 6 , 2 3 , 3 03,2 ,3 5 ,
4 8 , 6 3 ,2 1 6 ,2 6 9, 2 7 2 - 2 7 3
- f a t c i f o r m i s2 7 0
- L a t e r a t i tsa t i 2 9 5 ,2 9 7 - 2 9 8 , 3 8 2
- - t u b e r i sc a t c a n e2i 9 5 ,
297-298
- m a m i t l a r i s8 - 9 , 3 5
- m a s t o i d e u s1 2 , 3 3 , 4 0
- m e d i a t i st u b e r i sc a t c a n e i
295-298,302
- p a p i t t a r i s1 4 2 ,1 6 6 ,2 4 9
- p o s t e r i o rt a L i 2 9 6 - 2 9 8 3
, 05
- s p i n o s u s1 , 5 - 9 , 1 2 - 1 6 1
,9
2 2 - 2 6 ,2 8 - 2 9 ,3 2 - 3 5 , 4 1 ,1 , 4 ,1 1 9 ,
123-1241
, 2 7, 1 8 8 , 2 / +,92 5 1, 2 7 3
- s t y t o i d e u sl 0 s t e m p o r a [ e J3 3 - 3 4
- t r a n s v e r s u s6 - 8 ,1 3 - 1 L 2
, 0 ,2 2 ,
3 1, 3 4 - 3 5 , t + 0 ,1 2 5
- - l A t t a s J3 4 , 4 0
- - [Axis]34
- u n c i n a t u tsP a n c r e a s1j 5 2 - 15 3 ,
1 7 3 ,1 7 9 , 2 4 3
- - I V e r t e b r asJ U n c u sc o r p o r i s
- v a g i n a t i ps e r i t o n e 6
i 1
---persistens6l
- x i p h o i d e u s4 7 ,5 0 ,5 5 , 6 3 ,7 0 ,
R
lndex
Ramusl-il
Rete
- t r a c h e a t e s { N[ a r y n g e u s r e c u r - - a r t i c u [ a r e g e n u3s 5 1 , 3 5 8 , 3 6 8
- c a l c a n e u m3 7 2 . 3 7 7 - 3 7 8
rensf120
- t r a n s v e r s u s3 5 9
- m a t t e o t a rLea t e r a t e
368,374
- t u b a r i u s ( Au t e r i n a l2 0 4 , 2 2 8
- - m e d i a t e3 7 4
- v a g i n a t e(sA u t e r i n a l2 0 4
- p a t e l t a r e3 5 3 , 3 5 6
- v e n o s u md o r s a l ep e d i s3 6 5
Raphe
- perinei 232-233,235
Retinacutum(-aj
- s c r o t i1 9 4 , 2 3 9
- muscutorum
extensorum
inRecessus
f e r i u s3 0 6 , 3 3 2 , 3 3 4 - 3 3 7 ,
- axittaris122
367-368,373
- c o s t o d i a p h r a g m a t i c5u4s, 1 0 1 ,
- - - s u p e r i u s3 0 6
- - f i b u l a r i u mi n f e r i u s3 0 4 , 3 3 2 ,
1 0 3 ,1 1 0 ,1 1 8 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 , 1 6 0 ,
246-248,250
334-336
- c o s t o m e d i a s t i n a t1i 1
- - - s u p e r i u s3 0 / 1 , 3 2 7 ,
s 0,113,
124,127
329-332,335,370-371
- d u o d e n a t i si n f e r i o r 16 4 ,
- - f l e x o r u m{ P e s J3 0 4 ,3 2 9 - 3 3 1,
166-167
335,342,370-371,376-378
- - s u p e r i o r1 6 4 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7
- - peroneorum
inferius/su- i t e o c a e c a [iinsf e r i o r1 6 3 - 1 6 7
p e r i u ss R e t i n a c u t u m u s - - s u p e r i o r1 6 3 , 1 6 5 - 1 6 7
c u L o r u mf i b u l a r i u m
- i n f e r i o rb u r s a eo m e n t a l i s1 6 1
inferius/superius
- i n t e r s i g m o i d e u1s6 4 , 1 6 7
- p a t e l l a e t a t e r a t2e8 4 - 2 8 5 , 3 0 6 ,
- p h r e n i c o m e d i a s t i n a1t i2s1 ,2 4 3
3 1 0 - 3 11
- piriformis 108
- - mediate284-285,323
- r e t r o c a e c a l i s1 6 6
Retrof[exio
{ U t e r u s }2 0 3
- s p t e n i c u s1 6 1 , 1 6 7 , 2 L q
R e t r o p e r i t o n eoarlg a n s 15 2
- s u b p o p t i t e u2s 9 0 , 3 3 1
R e t r o p e r i t o n esapl a c e 1 7 9
- s u p e r i o rb u r s a eo m e n t a L i s1 6 1 , R e t r o p e r i t o n esat Ir u c t u r e sp, o s i 167,249
t i o no f t h e 2 1 7 - 2 1 8
- c r r n r r n r t o l l r r i c? a ?
R e t r o v e r s i(oU t e r u s j2 0 3
- v e r t e b r o m e d i a s t i n a l i1s2 4 , 1 2 6
R E T Z I UC
S a, v e o l 2 0 7 , 2 5 2
R e c t o s c o p2y1 1
Rima
- g t o t t i d i s1 1 4
R e c t u m6 2 , 1 3 8 , 1 6 5 - 1 6 7 , 1 7 7 ,
- p u d e n d i2 3 5
1 8 0 ,1 8 5 ,1 9 0 ,2 0 5 ,2 0 9 - 2 1 4 ,
2 2 0 - 2 2 1 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 8 - 2 2 9 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 7R, i m s 5 , 2 5
243,256-257,354
ROSENMULLE
n oRd' S
e355
- AP-radiograph
141
R u g a e v a g i n a l e2s0 1 , 2 0 5 , 2 3 3
- a r t e r i e s2 1 2
- c o t o n o s c o p y2 1 1
- innervation
214
S
- L a t e r arl a d i o g r a p h2 ' 1 5
- r e c t o s c o p2
y11
Sacrap
l u n c t u r e4 4
- v e i n s2 1 3
S a c r o i t i a c j o i sn tA r t i c u l a t i o
Regio(-nes)
sacroitiaca
- c a t c a n e sa C a L x
S a c r u mw
, i d t ho f t h e 2 6 5
- c e r v i c a l i sp o s t e r i o r 1 , 3 8 - 4 0
S a l p i n xs T u b au t e r i n a
- cruris365
S A N T O RsI N
d Iu c t 1 5 2
- - a n t e r i o r2 6 2 . 3 6 7 - 3 6 8
S c a l e n um
s u s c t e sT 1 1
- - p o s t e r i o r2 6 2 , 3 7 0 - 3 7 2
S c a p u t a1 - 3 , 2 6 - 2 1 , L 8 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 8 ,
- d e l t o i d e a1
122-125
- f e m o r i sa n t e r i o r2 6 2 , 3 5 3 ,
S c r o t u m1 9 4 , 1 9 7 , 2 5 2
356-358
Segmentuml-al
- - p o s t e r i o r2 6 2 , 3 6 0 - 3 6 3
- a n t e r i u si n f e r i u s{ R e n l 1 8 7
- g e n u sa n t e r i o r2 6 2 , 3 5 3
- - l a t e r a l ed e x t r u m[ V l ]l H e p a r l
- - p o s t e r i o r2 6 2
147
-glutealis 1,262,360-361,
- - - s i n i s t r u m [ l l l ] { H e p a r1l 4 7
- i n f r a s c a p u t a r i s1
- - m e d i a t ed e x t r u m[ V ] { H e p a r l
- i n g u i n a t i s2 6 2 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4
147
- l u m b a t i s1 , 4 1
- - t S l l l ] l P u t m o j9 6
- - AP-radiograp2
- - s u p e r i u sl R e n l 1 8 7
h19
- o c c i p i i a l i s3 8 - 3 9
- a p i c a t e[ S l ] 9 6
- p e d i s3 6 5
- a p i c o p o s t e r i [uSsl - l l ]l P u t m o ]9 6
- p e r i n e a l ios f t h e f e m a t e2 4 1
- b a s a l ea n t e r i u s[ S V l l l ]l P u t m o ]
- - ofthemate 240
96
- s a c r a l i s1
- - l a t e r a l e[ S l X ] l P u t m o )9 6
- s c a p u l a r i s1
- - m e d i a t e[ S V l l ]{ P u t m o l9 6
- v e r t e b r a l i s1
- - p o s t e r i u [sS X ] l P u t m o l9 6
R e n 2 9 ,3 5 ,6 7 , 1 5 2 ,1 5 4 - 1 5 5 , 1 6 0 , - b r o n c h o p u l m o n a t9i a6 - 9 7
1 6 4 , 1 6 6 - 1 6 7 , 1 7 7 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 2 - 1 8 6-, c a r d i a c u m
s Segmentum
1 8 8 , 1 9 2 , 2 0 0 , 2 1 6 - 2 1 7 , 2 4 5 - 2 4 7 , b a s a [ em e d i a t e[ S V l l ] [ P u t m o ]
2/+9-250,255
[ 1 1l H e p a r l 1 4 7
- A P - r a d i o g r a p h1 8 6 , 2 1 6
- i n f e r i u s{ R e n l 1 8 7
- c o m p u t e dt o m o g r a p h y1 8 8
- l a t e r a l e[ S l V ] l P u t m o ] 9 6
- d e v e l o p m e n1t 8 8
- lingulareinferiuslSV
( P] u t m o )
- p r o l e c t i o n1 8 3 , 1 8 5
96
- u t t r a s o u n di m a g e 1 8 8
- - s u p e r i u s[ S l V ] l P u t m o i 9 6
Segmentum[-a)
- m e d i a l e [ S V ]l P u t m o l9 6
- - s i n i s t r u m[ l V ] 1 4 7
- p o s t e r i u lsa t e r a l ed e x t r u m[ V l l ]
l H e p a r )1 4 7
- - - s i n i s t r u m[ l l ] { H e p a r l1 4 7
- - m e d i a l ed e x t r u ml V l l l ]
lHeparl 147
- - {Renl187
- - t S l l l l P u t m o l9 6
- renatia187
- s u p e r i u s { R e n1l 8 7
- - t S V l ]l P u t m o l 9 6
S e p t u l a t e s t r s1 9 3 - 1 9 4 , 2 5 2
Septum{-al
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u l a r8e2
- femorale355
- gtandis 199
- i n t e r a t r i a l e7 8 - 7 9 , 1 1 9
- i n t e r m u s c u t a rcer u r i sa n t e r i u s
3 2 7 , 3 3 2 , 3 6 63,8 1
- - - p o s t e r i u s3 2 9 , 3 6 6 , 3 8 1
- - v a s t o a d d u c t o r i u3m1 4 , 3 5 7
- interventricu[a7
r e8 - 8 0 ,8 3 , 1 2 6
- t o n g i t u d l n a t i a3 7 9
- p e n i s 1 9 9 ,2 4 3
- r e c t o v a g i n asl eF a s c i ar e c t o vaginatis
- s c r o t i6 1 ,1 9 4 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 2
- v e s i c o v a g i n a2t e0 7 , 2 5 3
v e' Si n 3 5 2
SHERMAN
Sinus
- a n a l e s2 1 0 - 2 1 1 , 2 5 2
- a o r t a e7 9 - 8 0 , 8 2 , 1 2 7
- c o r o n a n u s7 5 - 7 6 , 8 5 , 9 9
- e p i d i d y m i d i 1s 9 3 - 1 9 4
- l a c t i f e r u s6 4
- m a x i l l a r i s1 2
- o b t i q u u sp e r i c a r d i7i 5 , 8 9
- p r o s t a t i c u s1 9 0
- r e n a t i s1 8 3 - 1 8 41. 8 8 , 2 5 0
- s a g i t t a t i ss u p e r i o r 4 0
- tarsi 296,305
- t r a n s v e r s u s4 0
- - p e r i c a r d i7i 5 , 8 4 , 8 9 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 6
- t r u n c ip u l m o n a t i s7 6 , 8 2 ,9 8
- v e n a T u mc a v a r u m 8 5
Situs
- c o r d i s8 8
- r e t r o p e r i t o n e a l 1i s7 9 , 2 1 7 - 2 1 8
- v i s c e r u m1 5 8 - 1 5 91, 6 2 , 1 6 6 ,
172-173,175
S o t eo f t h e f o o t ,m u s c l e s 3 3 8 - 3 4 3 ,
T53-T54
Spatiuml-al
- e p i d u r a l e2 4 , 4 1 , 1 , 3 , 2 4 8 , 2 5 2
- p a r a r e c t a l e2 0 5 , 2 1 0
- p a r a v e s i c a t e2 0 5
- r e t r o p u b i c u m7 0 , 2 0 5 , 2 0 7 , 2 5 2 ,
257
- r e t r o r e c t a t 2e 0 5
- s u b a r a c h n o i d e u4m1 , 4 3 , 4 5 ,
119,123,252
- s u b d u r a t e4 1 ,4 3
Spinal-ael
- i t i a c aa n t e r i o ri n f e r i o r2 3 0 ,
264-267,271,273
- - - s u p e r i o r3 , 1 , 6 - 4 7 , 5 2 ,
5 6 - 5 8 ,7 1 , 1 3 2 , 1 4 0 , 1 9 7 ,
207,230,255,262,
261+-269,271,273,306,
3 1 5 , 3 1 73, 2 2 , 3 5 5 , 3 6 0 , 3 6 4
- - p o s t e r i o ri n f e r i o r 2 6 6 - 2 6 7 ,
273
- - - s u p e r i o r2 , 3 1 , 5 2 ,1 8 3 ,
230,254,264,266-267,
270,273,360
Spina[-ae)
- i s c h i a d i c a3 , 2 1 2 - 2 1 3 , 2 3 0 , 2 5 6 ,
264,266-267,273,280,319
- s c a p u t a e1 - 2 , 2 6 , 5 2 , 1 0 3 , 1 2 3
S p i n a l a n a e s t h e s4i a4
S p L e n1 1 1 01 ,5 5 - 1 5 71, 5 9 - 1 6 1 ,
166-167,170,172,180,245,
247-249,255
- AP-radiograph
171
- Hitum 156
S p o n d y l o l i s t h e s i9s
S p o n d y t o t y s9i s
S q u a m ao c c i p i t a l i s1 9
S t e r n o c l a v i c u t a r j o i nAt sr t i c u t a t i o
sternoctavicularis
S t e r n u m5 , 4 8 , 5 0 - 5 2 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 9
1 2 5 ,1 2 7, 1 3 2 , 2 0 7, 2 4 2
Stratum
- b a s a l e e n d o m e t r i a 2l e0 2
- c i r c u [ a r e1 0 5 , 1 2 9 - 1 3 0 , 1 3 6 ,
139
- f u n c t i o n a teen d o m e t r i a t e
202
- l o n g i t u d i n a t1e0 5 , 1 2 9 - 1 3 0 , 1 3 6 ,
139,210,228
S t r o m ao v a r i i 2 0 1
S u b o c c i p i t am
l usctes31-34,40,
T20
Substantia
- c o m p a c t a2 7 7
- s p o n g i o s a2 7 7 , 2 8 1
S u b t r a c t i oann g i o g r a p h dy i, g i t a t
T D S A J3 5 9
- a r t e r i e s o f f e m u r3 5 9
S U D E O Kp'os i n t 1 7 6 , 2 1 2
Sutcusl-iJ
- a n a l i s2 6 2
- a r t e r i a es p t e n i c a e1 5 3
- - subclaviae
49
- - v e r t e b r a l i s6 , 1 7
- c a l c a n e i2 9 7 - 2 9 8
- c o r o n a r i u s7 5 - 7 6 , 8 5
- costae49
- g l u t e a t i s2 6 2 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 9 , 3 6 0
- i n t e r v e n t r i c u L aar ni st e r i o r7 6 ,
80
- - p o s t e r i o r7 6 , 8 0 ,8 5
- m a t l e o l a r i s2 8 2 - 2 8 3 , 3 0 1
- n e r v is p i n a l i s7
- o b t u r a t o r i u s2 6 6
- p a r a c o l i c1i 6 2 - 1 6 4
- p o p l i t e u s2 8 1 , 2 9 1 , 2 9 3
- s i n u ss i g m o i d e i1 8
- s u p r a a c e t a b u L a r2
i s6 6 - 2 6 7
- tali 297
- t e n d i n i sm u s c u t fi i b u t a r i sl o n g i
295,297-298,300,302
- - - ftexorishattucislongi
l C a l c a n e u s J2 9 6 - 2 9 8 ,
302
- t o n g il T a t u s l2 9 7 - 2 9 8
- t e r m i n a l i sc o r d i s 7 5 , 8 5
- v e n a es u b c t a v i a 4
e9
Sura 262
a t i 2 9 5 - 2 9 83, 0 0 ,
S u s t e n t a c u l utm
3 0 2 ,3 0 5 ,3 8 2
S y m p a t h e t ince r v o u s y s t e m2 1 4 ,
222-223
Symphysis
- m a n u b r i o s t e r n a t5i s0 - 5 1
- p u b i c a7 3 , 1 9 0 , 2 0 5 , 2 0 7 , 2 2 5 .
230,234-235,21,4,252-253,
256-257,264,268,271-274,317,
3 5 5 ,T 3 9
- x i p h o s t e r n a l i s5 0
S y n c h o n d r o s i s c o s t 5a 1e
S y n d e s m o s i s t i b i o f i b u t a2r5i s3 ,
294,304-305,382,139
Index
Systema
- c o n d u c e n t ec o r d i s 8 2 - 8 3
- s k e t e t a l e( C o l u m n av e r t e b r a l i s l
2
T
f rigonunl-a)
- l u m b o c o s t a [ e6 3 ,T 2 1
- s t e r n o c o s t a t e6 3 ,T 2 1
- v e s i c a e1 9 0 - 1 9 11,9 5 ,1 9 8
T r o ch an t er
- m a j o r 2 5 6 ,2 6 2 ,2 6 8 ,2 7 3 - 2 8 0 ,
3 1 9 - 3 2 1 , 3 6 03, 6 4
- minor 273-2803
, 16 , 3 2 1 ,3 6 4
- t e r t i u s2 7 5
Taenia
- t i b e r a1 3 8 - 1 1 r1
05
, 8 ,1 6 1 - 1 6 5
T r o chI e a
- m e s o c o L i c1a3 9 ,1 6 1
- f i b u L a r i s2 9 6 - 2 9 7
- o m e n t a t i s1 3 9 ,1 5 8 ,1 6 0 - 1 6 11, 6 3
- tati 295-298,305
fatus 295-2993
, 0 1 ,3 0 4 - 3 0 5 3
, 83
Truncus[-il
- b r a c h i o c e p h a l i c u7s4 - 7 5 , 8 9 ,
T a r s a Ij o i n t
- s A r t i c u l a t i cou n e o n a v i c u t a r i s ,
9 8 - 9 9 ,10 4 - 10 5 , 1 0 7 ,1 0 9 ,1 1 1 ,
A r t i c u l a t i co u n e o c u b o i d eAar,114-1151
, 1 8 - 1 2 1, 1 2 4
t i c u t a t i o l - n e isnl t e r c u n e i f o r m e s - c o e t i a c u s6 2 , 1 0 4 ,1 0 6 ,1 1 5 ,1 5 2 ,
- t r a n s v e r s es A r t i c u t a t i ot a t o c a t 15 5 , 16 8 , 1 7 0 - 1 7 3 1
, 7 8 - 1 7 9 ,1 8 7,
c a n e o n a v i c u l a rAi sr ,t i c u t a t i o
2 1 4 , 2 1-72 1 8 ,2 2 0 - 2 2 1
- - v a r i a t i o n s1 7 8
catcaneocuboidea
- c o s t o c e r v i c a t1i s1 5
T a r s a tI u n n e [ 3 7 7
- [ E m b r y o l2 0 6
o Ii n t ss A r t i c u l a T a r s o m e t a t a r sj a
- nac+rncnlonirrrc 174
t i o l - n e stJa r s o m e t a t a r s a t e s
- hepatomesentericu
Tarsus263
1 s7 8
- i n t e s t i n a t i 2s 1 8
Teta
- s u b c u t a n e a5 8 ,74 , 2 1 0 ,2 3 2 ,2 3 9
- [ u m b a L i s2 1 8 - 2 1 9
- s u b m u c o s a1 0 5 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 6 - 1 3 7 ,
- l u m b o s a c r a l i s6 8 ,2 2 0 - 2 2 12, 2 5 ,
139
344
- s u b s e r o s a1 3 0 ,' 1 3 61, 3 9
- n e r v is p i n a l i s 1 + 1 - 4 3/ .,5
- p u l m o n a t i s7 4 - 7 6 ,7 9 , 8 2 , 8 4 ,
T e n d oc a t c a n e u s3 0 0 - 3 0 13, 0 4 ,
3 0 7 ,3 0 9 ,3 2 8 - 3 3 3 3
, 3 5 ,3 7 0 - 3 7 2 ,
9 8 , 1 0 1 ,11 4 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 1
, 25-126
- s y m p a t h i c u s4 1 , 4 5 , 6 3 , 6 8 ,8 3 ,
382-383
T e s t i s6 1 ,6 7 , 1 8 5 ,1 9 2 - 1 9 42, 2 2 ,
112-1131
, 1 5 - 1 1 7, 1 2 0 - 1 2 1,
242-243.252
12/+-125
1 ,2 7, 2 2 0 - 2 2 3 , 2 2 52,4 5 ,
T h i g hs F e m u r
248,250-251
Thnr:rir m, ,c.16. qr-Eq c7 E8,Tl 3
- t i b i o f i b u L a r 3i s6 9 ,3 7 2
- v:n:lic:nrorinr
A1 117
T h o r a c i c o r g a n1s1 8
- - posterior 63,120-121
T h o r a c i cp a r t o f t h e v e r t e b r a I
coIumn
T r u n k - a r mm u s c t e s2 6 - 2 7 , f1 8
- AP-radiograp1
- d e e pl a y e r 2 7
h4
- [ a t e r a rI a d i o g r a p h1 4
- s u p e r f i c i a lIa y e r 2 6
T h o r a c iw
c a L [5 8 ,6 6 ,6 9
T r u n k - s h o u t d eg ri r d L e
muscles
- innervation
, gmenta6
se
[ 7
26-27,r17
- m u s c t e ss t h o r a c i cm u s c t e s
- d e e pl a y e r 2 7
- s k e t e t o np r o j e c t i o n4 7
- s u p e r f i c i al a
I yer26
- s u r f a c ea n a t o m y 4 6
Tuba
- uterina 167, 200-201,203-204,
Thorax
- c r o s ss e c t i o n1 2 5
2 0 9, 2 2 3 , 2 2 8 2
, 59
- f r o n t a ls e c t i o n 118 , 12 1
- - A P - r a d i o g r a p 2h 0 3
- m e d i a ns e c t i o n11 9
Tuber
- c a L c a n e2i 96 - 2 9 8 ,3 0 0 - 3 0 2 ,
T h y m u s1 1 0 - 1 1 31 ,1 9 1, 5 9
ribia 262-263,282-283,285-287,
304-305,328-330, 332, 340-341
- i s c h i a d i c u m3 , 2 1 2 - 2 1 3 2
290-294, 300-301, 304-306,327,
, 15,
3 2 9 - 3 3 1 , 3 6 6 - 3 6,73 7 4 , 3 8 1- 3 8 3
230, 232-235, 257-258, 265-268,
Trabecu[a{-ae]
2 7 0 ,2 7 3 ,2 8 0 ,3 1 7 ,3 19 - 3 2 0 ,3 6 0
- carneae79-80
- o m e n t a t e1 4 2 ,1 6 1
- coTporum
cavernosorum
198
T u b e r c [ eo f V A T E R13 5 , 15 0 , 15 2
- septomarginat7
i s8 ,8 0 - 8 1
Tubercutuml-al
- s p t e n i c a e1 5 6
- a d d u c t o r i u m2 7 5 , 2 7 7
- a n t e r i u s{ V e r t e b r ac e r v i c a [ i s ]
T r a c h e a1 3 ,8 9 - 9 1 ,9 8 - 9 9 ,1 0 1 ,
104,106-1070
, 19 , 111 , 1 1 / + - 1 2 1 ,
6-7, 35,55
- c o s t a e8 , 2 0 , 2 2 , 4 9
123-124
- b i f u r c a t i o n9 0
- i l i a c u m2 6 4 , 2 6 7
- c r o s s - s e c t i o9n1
- i n t e r c o n d y l a r lea t e r a L e2 8 2 ,
- p r o j e c t i o n9 0
291
- - nediale 282,291
T r a c t u si t i o t i b i a l i s2 7 9 ,3 0 6 - 3 0 7 ,
- i n t e r v e n o s u m7 8
312-3133
, 18 - 3 19 , 3 2 2 ,3 2 4 ,3 2 7 ,
- Latera[e
( T a t u s ]2 9 6 - 2 9 8
3 3 2 ,3 6 1 ,3 8 1
- m a j u sI H u m e r u s J4 7
T R E I TM
Z ,u s c t eo f 1 3 5 ,1 5 2
- m e d i a l e[ T a t u s J2 9 6 - 2 9 8
T r i a do f G L I S S 0 1
N4 5
- m i n u sl H u m e r u s l4 7
T r i a n g l eo f B O C H D A L E6K
3
Trirnnrrlrr
cnrro
?7
- m u s c u t si c a t e nai n t e r i o r i s4 9
- obturatorium
Trigonum
I- a J
a n t e r i u s2 6 7
- ctavipectorate
- - p o s t e r i u s2 6 6 - 2 6 7
58
- f i b r o s u md e x t r u m 7 7 , 8 4
- p o s t e r i u s{ A t t a s l 3 4
- - s i n i s t r u m7 7 , 8 4
- - ( V e r t e b rcae r v i c a L i s6J- 7 , 1 2 ,
- [ u m b a t e 2 6 - 2 7 ,3 7 , 5 2 , 3 6 1
17 , 3 1 ,3 3 ,3 5
TubercuLum[-aJ
- p u b i c u m 4 7 , 2 3 0 ,2 3 4 - 2 3 5 2
, 64,
2 6 6 - 2 6 ,72 7 1, 2 7 3 ,3 5 5
- q u a d r a t u m2 7 5 - 2 7 6
T ub e r o si t a s
- g t u t e a 2 7 5 - 2 76 , 2 7 8 ,3 1 9
- iliaca 264,266
- m u s c u Lgi I u t e im a x i m i 2 6 7
- - s e r r a t ia n t e r i o r i s 4 9
- o s s i sc u b o i d e i2 9 5 - 2 9 6 2
, 9 8 ,3 0 2
- - m e t a t a r spi r i m i 2 9 5 ,2 9 8
- - - quinti 295-296,298,
302-303,334
- - n a v i c u l a r i s2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2
- - s a c r i1 0 - 1 1
- p h a t a n g ids i s t a t i sl P e s l 2 9 5
- tibiae 262, 282, 285-287,291,
2 9 4 , 3 2 ,73 3 2 , 3 6 7
Tubutus
- d i s t a t i s1 8 4
- p r o x i m a l i s1 8 4
Tunica
- a d v e n t i t i a1 0 5
- - l T r a c h e a9l 1
- a t b u g i n e a1 9 3 , 2 / 1 / +
v
V ag i n a[ - a e ) 2 0 0 - 2 0 5 2
, 0 7 ,2 2 3 ,
2 2 8 ,2 3 0 - 2 3 1, 2 3 4 , 2 3 7, 2 5 3 , 2 5 7
- c o m m u n i st e n d i n u mm u s c u t o r u m f i b u t a r i u m3 0 4 ,3 3 4 - 3 3 5
- m u s c u t rl e c t ia b d o m i n i s5 2 ,
5 6 - 5 8 ,6 9 - 7 0 ,7 2 , 2 4 9 ,3 5 5
- p L a n t a r it se n d i n i sm u s c u L i
f i b u t a r i sL o n g i3 4 1
- t e n d i n i s / t e n d i n udmi g i t o r u m
p e d i s3 3 5 , 3 4 0 - 3 4 1
- - muscuti/-orum
extensoris
d i g i t o r u mt o n g i 3 3 4 - 3 3 5
h a L L u c i[ so n g i 3 3 4 - 3 3 5
- - - f t e x o r i sd i g i t o r u ml o n g i
304,335
h a L L u cliosn g i 3 3 5 , 3 4 0
- - - t i b i a L iasn t e r i o r i s3 3 4 - 3 3 5
p o s t e r i o r i s3 0 4 , 3 3 5
- - [Pesl 334-335
Vatval-ael
- a o r t a e 7 7 ,8 0 ,8 2 ,8 5 , 1 1 L ,
119-120,126-127
- a t r i o v e n t r i c u L a rdi se x t r a 7 7 - 7 8 ,
- - enrnnri< <nnnnin<i 199
8 0 - 8 2 ,1 1 9 - 1 2 0 1
, 27
- - c o r p o r u mc a v e r n o s o T u m
- - sinistra 77,79-82,126-127
- cordis 77
1 9 7- 1 9 9 ,2 4 2 , 2 5 2
- d a r t o s 7 0 ,1 9 4 ,1 9 7 ,2 2 6 ,2 3 2 ,
- m i t r a I i ss V a l v aa t r i o v e n t r i c u 239, 242, 252
[ a r i ss i n i s t r a
- f i b r o s a1 5 3
- t r i c u s p i d a I i s V a l v aa t r i o v e n - m u c o s a 1 0 5 ,1 2 1 ,1 3 0 ,1 3 6 ,1 3 9 ,
t r i c u t a r i sd e x t r a
- t r u n c ip u t m o n a t i s7 7 , 8 2 , 8 4
150,190,201-202
- - I G a s t e r j1 0 8
V a [ V eo f H E I S T E 1
R5 0
- - I T r a c h e a9j 1
Valvu[a{-aeI
- muscuLari1
- a n a l e s2 1 0
s 0 5 ,1 1 9 ,1 2 9 - 1 3 0 ,
- f o r a m i n i so v a [ i s7 9
13 5 - 13 7 , 1 3 9- 1 4 0 , 1 9 0 - 1 91 ,
- f o s s a en a v i c u [ a r i s1 9 8
201-202,210,226,228,230, 261
- s e T o s a1 3 0 ,1 3 6 - 1 3 7' ,1 4 31, 5 0 ,
- s e m i t u n a r ias n t e r i o r7 7
- - - { V a t v tar u n c ip u [ m o n a I i s8l 4
153,201-202,226
- - I C o t o n j1 3 9
- - d e x t r a( V a t v a o r t a e j 7 7 , 7 9 ,
- v a g i n a I i st e s t i s 7 0 , 1 9 3 - 1 9 4 ,
8 2 , 8 4 , 1 1 9 ,1 2 6
- - - { V a L vtar u n c i p u L m o n a L i s l
2 3 9 ,2 4 2
77,84
- - p o s t e r i o r[ V a l v aa o r t a e l 7 7 ,
U
7 9 - 8 0 , 8 2 , 8 4 ,1 1 9 ,1 2 6
- - s i n i s t r a{ V a l v aa o r t a e } 7 7 ,
U m b i [ i c acLo r d 2 0 8
7 9 - 8 0 , 8 2 , 8 41, 1 9 ,1 2 6
- - - ( V a L vtar u n c i p u I m o n a t i s )
U m b i L i c u5
s 9 , 7 2 ,1 9 7
U n c o v e r t e b r acIl e f t s 2 4
7 7, 8 2 , 8 4
- s i n u sc o T o n a r i 7
U n c u sc o r p o r i s7 , 1 3 ,2 4 - 2 5 ,3 5
i 8,82,84
- v e n a ec a v a ei n f e r i o r i s 7 8 ,8 2
U p p e ra b d o m e n
- v e s s e t s1 7 2 - 1 7 3
Vas[-a]
- v i s c e r a1 6 0
- d e f e r e n ss D u c t u sd e f e r e n s
- l y m p h a t i c u ma()- 1 9 7, 2 1 9
U r a c h u s7 0 , 1 5 9 ,1 8 5 ,1 9 2 ,2 0 0
- - a f f e r e n t i a2 1 9
U r e t e r 7 1 , 1 5 2 ,1 6 3 - 1 6 4 1
, 66-167,
- - A P - r a d i o g r a p 2h 1 9
1 7 1 ,1 7 9 ,1 8 2 - 1 8 31, 8 5 - 18 7 ,
- - c e n t r a t e1 3 6
191-1921
, 9 6 ,2 0 0 - 2 0 1, 2 0 5 , 2 0 9,
- - e f f e r e n t i a2 1 9
2 16 - 2 1 8 ,2 2 1 - 2 2 2 2
, 2 6 - 2 2 9 ,2 3 1 ,
- - p r o f u n d a3 6 7
236,245, 251, 253-254,258
- AP-radiograp1
- - s u p e r f i c i a [ i3a6 6
h86
- t e s t i c u t a r e s7 1
U r e t h r a 19 0 , 1 9 6 ,1 9 8 , 2 5 2 - 2 5 3
- f e m i n i n a 2 0 0 ,2 0 7 ,2 3 0 ,2 3 / . ,
V A I E RP,a p i t l oa f 1 3 5 , 1 5 0 , 1 5 2 - 1 5 3
237,261
Veinlsl
- m a s c u t i n a1 9 0 , 1 9 5 - 1 9 6
1 ,9 8 - 1 9 9 , - d e e p p e r f o r a t i n go f H A c H3 5 2
- o f B o Y D3 5 2
222,234,239,244,259-260
- o f C O O K E I3T5 2
U t e r u s 1 4 0 ,2 0 0 - 2 0 3 2
, 0 5 ,2 0 7 ,
- o f D o D D3 0 6 ,3 5 2
209, 223, 228-229,253,351,
- A P - r a d i o g r a p 2h 0 3
- o f H U N T E 3R5 2
- m u c o s a p, h a s eo f p r o t i f e r a t i o n
- o f M A Y3 5 2 , 3 6 5
- o f S H E R M A3N5 2
202
- p o s i t i o n2 0 3
Venal-ael
- pregnant 206-207
- a n t e r i o r[ V p u [ m o n a l i sd e x t r a
- - ultrasound
image206
s u p e r i o r l9 8 , 1 2 0 , 1 2 2
- u [ t r a s o u n idm a g e 2 0 6
- a p i c a [ i s9 8
- a p i c o p o s t e r i o9r8
U t r i c u I u sp r o s t a t i c u s1 9 0 ,1 9 2 ,1 9 8
'190,
- a p p e n d i c u [ a r i1s6 9 ,1 8 0
198
U v u l av e s i c a e
lndex
Vena{-ael
- a r c u a t ac r u r i s p o s t e r i o r3 6 5
- a t r i a t e ss i n i s t r a e 7 5
- a u r i c u t a r i ps o s t e r i o r3 8 - 3 9
- a x i [ [ a r i s5 4 , 1 1 3 ,1 2 0 ,1 2 2 ,i 2 4
- a z y g o s6 3 ,7 5 ,9 9 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 7i ,1 2 ,
t
t / ^ ^ ^ t - d^ ^ l , , ^ - : ^ ^ t : - l
Venal-aelgtutea
- t ^r )-/l
Vena[ -ae) portaehepatis
v cr ta |
c t vsJ,Ldr,5i
- - superior 213,254,380
- - - ultrasound
- - superior 227
image 148
- h e m i a z y g o s6 3 ,1 0 6 ,1 1 6 ,1 1 9 ,
- p o s t e r i o{rV p u t m o n a t idse x t r a
V en t e r
- o c c i p i t a t i3
1 8 1, 2 / + 5 , 2 4 9
s u p e r i o r J9 8
s9
- - a c c e s s o r i a1 0 6 , 1 1 3 , 1 1 6
- p r e p y t o r i c a1 7 2
- p o s t e r i o r3 1 , 3 3 - 3 4
- h e p a t i c a e6 3 ,8 9 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 1
- profunda[-ae
- s u p e r i o r1 1 0
, 43,
b )r a c h i i3 7
115 - 116 , 1 2 1 , 1 2 4 - 1 2 71,8 1 , 2 4 9
- - femoris 261,352,358
14 8 ,16 7 , 16 9 ,1 7 9- 1 8 1 ,2 1 7_ 2 1 8
Ventricu[us(-iJ
- b a s a t i si n f e r i o r1 2 7
- - d e x t r a e1 4 6 , 1 / 1 8 , 2 4 3 , 2 4 6 , 2 / + 8- - i n t e r n a2 1 3 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 8
- c o r d i sd e x t e r 7 4 - 7 6 , 7 8 ,8 0 - 8 2 ,
- basivertebraIi4
- - i n t e r m e d i a e1 4 6 , 1 4 8
s 2 , 1 1 9 ,2 4 2
- p u d e n d a [ - a e Jx t e r n a e6 6 , 1 9 7 ,
8 5 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,114 , 1 2 0 - 1 2 1 ,
- b r a c h i o c e p h a l i c7a5 ,8 9 ,9 8 ,
- - p r o l e c t i o n1 4 6
238,353-355
1 2 6 - 1 2,72 4 4
'105-106,
- - s i n i s t r a e 1 1 + 6 , 1 4 8 , 2 4 3 - 2 L 4 - - i n t e r n a2 2 7 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 4 , 2 3 6 ,
11 0 - 1 ' 1 311, 6 ,11 8 - 11 9
- - s i n i s t e r7 4 - 7 6 , 7 9 - 8 2 , 8 5 , 9 8 ,
- b r o n c h i a t i1s1 2
- - u t t r a s o u n idm a g e 1 4 8
2 4 0 - 2 4 1, 2 s 6 - 2 5 8 ,2 6 0 - 2 6 1,
1 0 1 ,1 0 5 ,1 2 0 - 1 2 11, 2 6 - 1 2 7
- b u t b ip e n i s 2 3 4
- i t e a [ e s 1 6 9 ,1 7 5 ,1 8 0 ,2 5 1
363-364
V e r s i o( U t e r u s l 2 0 3
- - vestibut2
i 41
- p u l m o n a t i s l - e s1)1 2 ,1 2 0
i l e o c o l i c a1 6 9 ,1 8 0
V er t ebr a[ - a e ]
- c a T d r a cm
- i t i a c ac o m m u n i s1 6 7 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , - - d e x t r a ( - a e l7 5 - 7 6 , 7 8 - 7 9 , 8 5 ,
a agna 74-75,79-80,
- c e r v i c a [ e s3 - 5 , 7 , 1 2 - 1 3 ,1 7 - 1 9 ,
84-85,127
2 1 0 ,2 1 3 . 2 1 7 - 2 1 82, 2 1, 2 2 5 ,
8 8 - 8 9 ,9 5 ,9 8 , 1 0 0 ,1 0 5 ,1 0 7 ,
3 5 ,4 0 ,4 8 ,s s , 10 3 , 119
- - media75,84-85,99,119
- - AP-radiograp1
2 2 7- 2 2 8 , 2 3 1, 2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,2 5 4
1 1 2 ,1 2 1, 2 4 5
h3
- - p a r v a 7 4 ,8 5
- - e x t e r n a7 1 , 1 7 9 , 1 9 6 , 2 1 0 ,
l^l^-^t
-^ti^^-^-L
1a
- - - i n f e r i o r9 9 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7
dr tdutugtdPil
tz
- c a v ai n f e r i o r3 5 , 6 3 , 7 5 - 7 6 , T 8 ,
- - - s u p e r i o r9 8 - 9 9 , 1 2 0 , 1 2 4 ,
- coccygeae
2 1 3 ,2 2 1 ,2 2 6 - 2 2 9 ,2 3 1 ,2 3 6 ,
s 0 s { - s a lc o c c y g i s
8 3 ,8 5 ,8 9 ,9 9 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 7 , 1 1 1 + ,
- d e v e t o p m e n t5 , 2 4
2 5 3 - 2 5 4 , 3 1 ,73 5 4 , 3 5 6 3
, 58
126
1 16 , 1 2 1 ,14 2 - 1 4 3 ,1 4 6 - 1/ + 8 ,1 5 2 , - - i n t e r n a 1 8 1 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 7 ,
- - s i n i s t r a [ - a e7J5 - 7 6 ,8 5 ,8 9 ,
- e p i p h y s e s5 , 2 5
1 5 4 - 15 5 , 16 7 , 16 9 ,1 7 2 _ 1 7 3 ,
- [ u m b a t e s1 , 3 - 5 , 8 - 9 1, 5 - 1 6 ,
2 2 6- 2 2 8 , 2 31 , 2 5l r , 2 5 8 ,3 51
105,107,113,119,245
- i t i o L u m b a t2i s1 7
1 7 9- 1 8 1 , 1 8 5 ,1 8 7 - 18 9 , 2 1 0 ,2 1 3 ,
- - - i n f e r i o r7 9 , 8 8 , 9 5 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,
2 3 - 2 4 , 3 2 ,4 1 ,4 4 , 4 8 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 7 2 ,
- i n t e r c o s t a t i se[ -s ) 7 0 , 12 6 - 1 2 7
2 1 7- 2 1 8 , 2 2 1, 2 4 3 - 2 1 + /2+4,8 - 2 5 1
126-127
1 5 4 ,1 7 8 , 2 1
6,249-252,254,
- - s u p e r i o r7 4 - 7 8 , 8 2 , 8 4 - 8 5 , 8 9 , - - a n t e r i o r e s
- - - s u p e r i o r7 9 , 9 8 , 9 5 , 9 8 - 9 9 ,
247
2 6 8 - 2 6 9 , 2 7 -12 7 3 , 3 1 7
9 8 - 9 9 ,1 0 1 ,1 0 5 - 1 0 71, 1 1 _ 1 1 2 , - - p o s t e r i o r e s5 1 , , 7 3 , 1 0 6 ,
- - AP-radiograp1
107,125
h6
114 , 116 , 1 1 8 ,1 2 0 ,1 2 1 _ 1 2 6
- r e c t a t i s l - e si nl f e r i o r e s1 6 9 ,1 8 1 , - - [ a t e r a I r a d i o g r a p1h5
112-113,115-116
- c e n t r a l i s1 4 5 ,1 8 9
- i n t e r l o b u [ a r i1s 4 5
- ossification
2 1 0 , 2 1 3 , 2 2-72 2 8
centres 5
- - [ G t a n d u tsau p r a r e n a t i s1l 8 9
- i n t e r v e n t r i c u l a rains t e r i o r7 4 ,
- - m e d i a e1 6 9 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3 ,
- p r o m i n e n s1 - 4 , 7 , 2 6 , 3 4 , 1 0 13 1, 9
- c e p h a [ i c a5 8 , 6 6 , 1 2 2
- r e g i o n a Ic h a r a c t e r i s t i c s5
8 0 ,8 4
2 2 7- 2 2 9
- c e r v i c a L ipsr o f u n d a3 9
- - p o s t e r i o r 7 5 ,8 0 , 8 4 - 8 5
- - s u p e r i o r1 6 9 , 1 7 7 , 1 8 0 - 1 8 1 , - s a c r a l e s2 , 2 7 4
- - s u p e r f i c i a U6s6
- i n t e r v e r t e b r a t i s4 2
- s t r u c t u r ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c s8
2 1 0 ,2 1 3 ,2 2 7- 2 2 9
- c i r c u m f t e x fae m o r i sl a t e r a l i s2 6 1
- . l e j u n a l e s1 5 2 ,1 6 9 ,1 7 5 ,1 7 7 ,1 8 0
- r e n a t i s1 5 2 ,1 5 / +1, 8 1 - 1 8 5 ,
- t h o r a c i c a e3 - 5 , 8 - 9 , 2 0 , 2 6 , 4 8 ,
- - - m e d i a l i s2 5 6 , 2 6 0 - 2 6 1
- j u g u [ a r i sa n t e r i o r 119
18 7 -18 8 ,2 1 7, 2 2 1, 2 4 2 - 2 4 3 ,
1 2 1 - 1 2 7 ,1 8 6 , 2 / + 8 - 2 4 9
- - h u m e r ip o s t e r i o r3 7
- - externa38
- - AP-radiograph
245-246,250
14
- - i t i u mp r o f u n d a1 7 9 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 7 , - - i n t e r n a
- s a c r a I i sl a t e r a l i s 2 2 6
89,105-106,110,
rdrsr dr I duru9r dPil
r4
231
- - m e d i a n a1 7 9 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 , V e r t e b r a cl o t u m n 3 - 4
118,121-122
- - - s u p e r t i c i a t i6s 6 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 5
- L o bm
- t i g a m e n t s2 0 - 2 1
i edii 98
229
- - s c a p u l a e3 7
- [ u m b a l e s 4 1 ,1 7 9 ,2 1 7 ,2 4 3 ,2 1 + 5 - s a p h e n aa c c e s s o r i laa t e r a l i s3 5 3 V e si c a
- c o L i cdae x t r a1 5 2 , 1 6 9 , 1 7 5 , 1 8 0 - [ u m b a l i sa s c e n d e n s
---medialis354
- b i L i a r i s6 7 , 1 4 0 ,1 4 2 ,1 4 4 ,
42,
- - m e d i a 1 5 2 ,1 6 1 , 1 6 3 - 1 6 1 + ,
- - magna66,68,218,257,284,
115-116,221
146-1/+7, 149 -151, 15/1,160-161,
- m a r g i n a t i cs o t i 1 6 9
169,175,177,180
3 0 6 ,3 5 2 - 3 5 63, 5 8 ,3 6 0 ,
1 7 0 ,1 7 2 ,18 0 ,2 5 0
- - s i n i s t r a1 6 7 , 1 6 9 , 1 7 5 , 1 7 7 , - - l a t e r a l i s
- - AP-radiograph
3 6 5 ,3 7 3
365-3663
, 7 3 ,3 7 9 ,3 8 1- 3 8 2
1 5 1 ,i 5 4
180-181
- - p a r v a 2 8 4 , 3 5 2 , 3 6 0 - 3 6 1 , 3 6 3 , - - t a p a r o s c o p1y 4 9
m e d i a l i s3 6 5 ,3 7 3
- c o r d i s8 5
- m e s e n t e r i c ai n t e r i o r 1 5 2 ,1 6 7 ,
- f e l t e as V e s i c ab i t i a r i s
3 6 5 - 3 6 6 ,3 6 9 - 3 7 0 , 3 7 3 ,
- - m e d i as V e n ac a r d i a c a
media
- u r i n a r i a6 2 ,6 7 ,7 0 - 7 1 ,1 4 0 ,1 5 9 ,
1 6 9 ,1 7 7, 1 7 9 - 1 8,12 1 3
3 81- 3 8 2
- cremasterica
- - s u p e r i o r1 5 2 - 1 5 3 , 1 6 7 , 1 6 9 , - s i g m o i d e a e1 6 9 ,1 7 7 ,1 7 9 - 1 8 1 ,
238
16 5 - 1 6 7, 1 7 9 ,1 8 5 ,1 9 0 - 1 9 2 ,1 9 6 ,
- c y s t i c a 1 4 9 ,1 6 9 ,1 7 2 ,1 8 0 - 1 8 1
1 7 3 ,1 7 5 ,1 7 7, 1 7 9 - 1 8,1
210,213
1 9 8 ,2 0 0 ,2 0 5 ,2 0 7, 2 0 9, 2 1 7, 2 2 2 ,
- d i g i t a t e sd o r s a [ e sp e d i s 3 7 3
- eninelic
nnc+orinr
l'l
242-244,251
226-229, 236-237, 242-243,
- d o r s a [ i sp r o f u n d ac t i t o r i d i s2 3 1 ,
- m u s c u [ o p h r e n i c6a9
- s p [ e n i c a1 5 2 - 1 5 6 ,1 6 1 ,1 6 7 ,1 6 9 ,
252-253, 256-257, 259-261,35/+
- o b t i q u aa t r i is i n i s t r i8 5
234
- - p u n c t u r e1 9 0
1 7 3 ,1 7 7, 1 7 9- 1 8 1 ,2 4 4 - 2 4 5 ,
---penis199,227,234,
- o b t u r a t o r i a7 1 ,2 1 3 ,2 2 7 ,2 2 9 ,
248-2s0
Vestibu[um
238-239,252
- s u b c l a v i a8 9 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 61, 1 1 - 1 1 2 , - b u r s a eo m e n t a l i s1 6 1 , 1 6 6
2 3 1, 2 3 6 ,2 5 6 - 2 5 7, 2 6 1, 3 1 7, 3 5 5
- - s u p e r f i c i a Ipi e
s n i s1 9 9 , 2 3 8 ,
- v a g i n a e2 3 5
o c c i p i t a t i3
s7-39
116,118,121,123
- o e s o p h a g e a 1e 0 6 , 1 6 91, 8 0
252
- s u b c o s t a L i1s1 5 - 11 6
V i t t ir n t e s t i n a t e1s3 6
- d u o d e n a t e s1 6 9
- o v a r i c a1 5 2 ,1 6 7 , 1 8 2 , 1 8 7 , 2 0 1 , - s u b c u t a n e aaeb d o m i n i s6 6
V is c er a
- e p i g a s t r i cian f e r i o r6 0 ,6 6 ,6 9 ,
- s u p r a r e n a [ i s1 8 2 ,1 8 7 ,2 1 7
- o f t h e n e o n a t e15 9
2 0 9 , 2 2 8 - 2 2 ,92 5 3
- p a n c r e a t i c a 1e 6 9
7 1- 7 2 , 1 5 8 - 1 5 9, 1 7 3 ,1 7 5 ,1 7 9 ,
- suratis 370
- u p p e ra b d o m e n1 6 0 - 1 6 i
18 1 , 19 6 ,2 1 7 ,2 2 1 ,2 2 7 ,2 2 9 ,2 3 1 , - p a n c r e a t i c o d u o d e n a I i s ( - e s J - t e s t i c u t a r i s7 1 , 1 5 1 ,1 7 9 ,1 8 2 ,
V o r t e xc o r d i s 7 6
236,253
169,180
18 7 , 19 3 ,2 1 7, 2 2 1, 2 3 8 , 2 5 1
- - s u p e r f i c i a l i6s 6 ,1 8 1 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 5 - - s u p e r i o r p o s t e r i o r
- thoracica
169
i n t e r n a6 3 ,6 6 ,6 9 ,
- - s u p e r i o r6 6 , 6 9 - 7 0 , 7 2
- paraumbiLicate
6 s6 , 7 2 ,1 8 1
8 8 - 8 9 ,9 8 , 1 1 0 - 1 1 1 ,1 2 4
- f e m o r a l i s 6 2 , 7 3 , 2 1 8 ,2 4 4 , 2 5 6 - p e r f o r a n t e s3 0 6 ,3 5 2 , 3 6 5 , 3 7 3
- - L a t e r a I i s5 6
- pericardiacophren8
2 5 7, 3 14 , 3 5 3 3
, 5 5 - 3 5 83, 8 0 - 3 8
- t h o r a c o e p i g a s t r i c6a6e
1
i c9a,
WINSLoW
F ,o r a m e no f 1 6 0
- f e m o r o p o p t i t e a3 6 6
- t h y r o i d e ai n f e r i o r 8 8 - 8 9 ,' 1 0 6 ,
111-113,118
W I R S U ND
Gu, c to f 1 5 2
- f i b u t a r i s3 6 6
- p e r i n e a [ i s2 3 4
110-111,116
W 0 L F F i adnu c t 1 9 2 ,2 0 0
- g a s t r i c a [ - a eb lr e v e s1 3 1 ,1 o o ,
- p h r e n i c a ien f e r i o r e s6 3 , 1 0 6 ,
- - s u p e r i o r1 1 0
169,180
- t i b i a t e sa n t e r i o r e s3 6 6 - 3 6 7
1 8 1, 2 1 7
- - d e x t r a 1 3 1 ,1 6 9 ,1 8 0
- p [ a n t a r i s[ a t e r a [ i s3 0 4
- - p o s t e r i o r e s3 6 6 , 3 7 0
- - s i n i s t r a1 0 6 , 1 3 1 , 1 5 2 , 1 6 0 , - - m e d i a t i s3 0 4
- t r a n s v e r s ac o t l i 3 8
- p o p t i t e a2 8 4 ,3 2 9 , 3 6 1 - 3 6 33, 6 6 ,
16 9, 1 7 2 ,1 7 9 - 1 8,12 4 4 ,2 4 9
- umbiticati7
s 0 - 7 1 ,1 t 3 , 1 5 9 ,2 0 7
ZENKER
D ,i v e r t i c u t u m
of 109
- g a s t r o d u o d e n a t1i s5 2
- uterina 228-229
369-37 1
Zona
- g a s t r o o m e n t a tdi se x t r a 1 3 1
- p o r t a eh e p a t i s1 0 6 ,1 3 1 ,
- v e n t r i c u tdi e x t na n t e r i o r e s8 4
- f a s c i c u t a t a1 8 9
16 0 ,16 7 , 16 9 , 1 7 2 - 1 7 3 1
, 80
- - s i n r s t r ip o s t e r i o r e s7 5 ,8 5
- o r b i c u t a r i s2 5 6 ,2 7 1 ,2 7 9
142-1431
, 4 6 , 14 8 , 1 5 2 - 1 5 1 1
, 6 7,
- - s i n i s t r a1 0 6 , 1 3 1 , 1 6 0 , 1 6 9 ,
- v e r t e b r a t i s3 9 , 7 5 , 1 0 6
- r e t i c u t a r i s1 8 9
16 9- 1 7 0 ,1 7 2 - 1 7 31, 7 9- 1 8 1 ,
172-173,180
- v e s i c a t i s { - e s7l 0 , 2 2 8
2 4 3 - 2 4 4 , 2 4 62, 4 8 - 2 5 0
Z y g a p o p h y s iss P r o c e s s u sa r t i c u - g t u t e ai n f e r i o r 2 1 3 ,2 5 6 ,3 6 / +3, 8 0
---projectionl46
- - inferior 227
[ a r i s s u p e r i o r /ni f e r i o rl V e r t e b r a l
w
z

AtLas of Human Anatomy Volume 2 Trurk, Viscera, Lower Limb

Transcription

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