Manizales City-Region

Transcription

Manizales City-Region
Development Framework
DRAFT – January 2014
Contents
Introduction1
Development Framework
Section 1: Overview of proposals and strategic context
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Manizales vision
12
Strategic Context
14
Proposals Map
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Trajectory and timeline 2013-2015
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Section 2: Economic scenario and key sectors
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Manizales City Region Growth 2025 – Development Scenarios
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Alternative Growth Scenarios and Land Requirements
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Manizales City Region Growth 2025 – Development Scenarios
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An overview of Manizales city region economy and key investment locations
25
Knowledge economy and higher education
26
ICT sector
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Transport and logistics sector
30
Urban services
31
Visitor Economy
32
Section 3: Spatial focus and proposed investment areas 35
Manizales city centre regeneration
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University Area
41
Zona Franca – La Nubia Corridor
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Aeropuerto Del Cafe – Palestina Rosario expansion area
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Kilometer 41 Expansion Area
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Rural and Tourism
51
Section 4: Implementation proposals
55
City Centre Regeneration – Implementation
Green Infrastructure – Implementation
City Branding and Marketing Initiative 56
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Strategic Investment Site Delivery 66
Implementation Proposals – Aeropuerto Del Cafe cluster
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Public Sector Driven Knowledge Hub
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Next Steps
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Introduction
This report provides an overarching City-Region Development
Framework Masterplan for Manizales City Region and represents
Output 1 of the Manizales City Region Masterplan project.
The purpose of the report is to define the value
of a city-region approach to development
planning in the region. The document identifies
future development priorities for Manizales
and the wider South Central Caldas region and
opportunities for strengthening the planning
approach and policies.
The report builds upon the assessment of
needs and priorities prepared by Findeter. It
also complements a number of other strategies
which have been prepared for the city and region
including:
Strategic Plan for the City – Estoy Manizales (Plan
Estrategico Ciudad)
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Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de Manizales
(POT)
UN Habitat South Central region planning
project
Environment Action Plan (Agenda Ambiental)
Risk Management strategy (Gestion de Riesgos)
Transport plan (Plan de Movilidad)
Public Spaces masterplan (Plan Maestro
Espacio Publico)
Education Masterplan (Plan Maestro Education)
Plans for the San Jose Area
Overall the document identifies further
opportunities to strengthen and build upon the
existing plans and strategies in place in Manizales,
improve integration between strategies and
to maximise opportunities for sustainable
development. The report also highlights a number
of proposals and opportunities which have
potential to support delivery and implementation
of current plans based upon the initial discussion
of gaps which took place in September 2013.
The scope and next steps of these potential
actions are set out towards the end of the
document and highlight areas where more
detailed work could be focused as part of Activity
2 of the project.
The audience for the document is the Alcaldia de
Manizales together with other city stakeholders.
The proposals made in the document are
intended as drafts for discussion and will
be considered and shaped during upcoming
stakeholder meetings planned for January 2014.
This report is structured in a further 4 Sections
Section 1 provides an overview of the strategy
including the key themes for the City-Region
Masterplan framework highlighting the linkages
with the existing vision, strategies and plans for
the city and the additional benefits which could
be delivered by adopting the ideas and proposals
set out in the plan.
It also sets out in a spatial plan the context of the
city to summarise the key issues and opportunities
which can help to transform the city. The
proposals reflect the feedback of city stakeholders
as well as the major issues highlighted in plans
and strategies relating to the study area.
A city-region masterplan framework sets out
proposals for the city region focusing on the
main investment opportunities suggested for the
city and surrounding region. It also includes a
trajectory showing how the strategy for the city
could be implemented. Proposals for particular
investment areas are expanded upon in later
sections of the document.
Section 2 sets out the range of future economic
scenarios for the city which can help to inform
the scale of growth and change which the city
is likely to experience. These economic scenarios
inform the identification of additional initiatives
and opportunities later in the document. A range
of economic sector opportunities are highlighted
which could support and enhance the further
expansion and diversification of the economy
of the Manizales City- Region including those
relating to transport and logistics, ICT industries,
urban services, visitor economy, and higher
education.
Section 3 shows how the economic and
investment opportunities highlighted in section
3 can be accommodated in the city. The focus is
on a number of key investment locations which
are critical to the success of future growth and
development of the city including the City Centre,
University district, Zona Franca Corridor and La
Nubia, Cafetero Airport- Palestina, Km 41 as
well as plans for the rural area. An outline of
additional proposals which could accompany and
complement existing projects and proposals are
highlighted and shown on plans.
Section 4 focuses on delivery and
implementation and highlights in summary the
additional actions which could be followed to
support delivery of plans for the city. The range of
proposals include various ideas and suggestions
based upon consideration of global benchmarks
and examples which other cities have successfully
adopted which could be adapted in Manizales.
These summaries could be developed further
into additional projects and initiatives for the
city in the future. It is proposed that following
discussions with stakeholders as part of this
project a small number of the proposals could
be developed further as part of the Activity 2 to
show in more detail how they can be applied in
Manizales.
This section of the document also highlights the
conclusions and proposed next steps relating to
the project.
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Manizales City-Region – Development Framework The rest of this section explains the context of the
project and focus on Manizales, the project terms
of reference and an overview of the remainder of
this report.
Project context – Why Manizales?
Manizales is one of the leading Colombian
cities showing the way towards integrated
and more sustainable city development.
Manizales is one of four pilot cities in Colombia
forming part of the Sustainable and Competitive
Cities Programme developed jointly between
Findeter and the Inter American Development Bank.
The city is already gaining recognition for its
performance among Colombian cities. Manizales
won first place in the special category of business
promotion in the 5th Iberoamerican Digital Cities
Awards. The Doing Business study conducted
by the World Bank in Colombia in 2012 ranked
Manizales as the top Colombian city where it is
better and easier to do business.
Conditions are aligned in Manizales to
support planning at a city-region scale.
The national Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial
provides a legal framework for cities to work
on a more co-ordinated basis to promote their
territorial development.
Internationally the city-region is seen as the
appropriate geography to co-ordinate strategic
plans as issues and their impacts extend beyond
administrative boundaries. Examples include
functional economic areas and labour markets,
demands for strategic infrastructure relating to
transport and water resources as well as the
response to environmental issues such as climate
change, biodiversity and natural hazards.
Already the municipality of Manizales with its
neighbours of Neira, Villa Maria, Chinchina and
Palestina within the South-Central region of
Caldas are working together to address their
development issues and common challenges.
The UN Habitat project for the South Central
region has lead to the identification of a number
of projects to address shortfalls in infrastructure
provision and forms the basis of further action.
There is an opportunity to build upon this to
enable the Manizales City-Region to articulate its
advantages and plan effectively for sustainable
growth to enhance the competitiveness of the
whole area and attract local and international
investment.
This project centred on Manizales and
neighbouring municipalities provides a starting
point to develop a plan for the wider Eje Cafetero
region encompassing not only Manizales City
Region but other cities in Risalralda and Quindinio
centred on the cities of Pereira and Armenia.
In the past, cities within Colombia including the
Eje Cafetero region have prepared development
plans in isolation, missing opportunities to benefit
from regionally coordinated investment that bring
social, economic and environmental co-benefits.
Proposals have sometimes come forward outside
of the defined urban boundary which has made
it harder to coordinate development of land
and infrastructure leading to unsustainable
development patterns.
Creating visibility of opportunities for green
growth provides decision makers with information
that will encourage coordinated investment, as
well as provide a framework to coordinate efforts
for mutual benefit.
Manizales city region faces shared
environmental challenges
Manizales City –Region and the wider Eje
Cafetero region has a complex geography of
mountainous terrain which is subject to a range
of natural hazards and environmental risks which
in the past have represented an obstacle for
development.
The Eje Cafetero Region has suffered the effects
of climate change due to its lack of urban
planning. As a result more than 11,000 citizens
suffered from shortage of water and gas, and
have experienced the impact of environmental
risks. Multiple houses were buried due to
landslide created by the heavy rain falls. This has
demonstrated that the region has a deficient
strategy for risk management and that the
planning, design and construction of cities
has until now not taken in consideration the
environmental issues. A development framework
for the region can help to address this.
Manizales can be an exemplar of addressing
the accessibility challenges of the Andean
region.
Historically the mountainous terrain and relatively
remote and inaccessible location of the Manizales
City region within Colombia have impacted on
its economic growth despite the relatively high
natural and human capital available within the
city. Manufacturing businesses have experienced
relatively higher transport costs. Accessibility and
connectivity to national and global markets has
meant that other Colombian cities have been more
successful in attracting investment and related
employment opportunities. Manizales has found it
more difficult to retain graduates and highly skilled
workers who move away to find employment.
A number of strategic projects are now planned
to improve the accessibility of the region including
highways improvements to reduce travel times
and improve connectivity to Pereira, Bogota and
Medellin. In addition a new airport Aeropuerto
Del Cafe is being developed to replace the existing
airport at Manizales which is restricted in terms of
its operational capacity and potential.
There is an opportunity for these projects to be
transformational to transform how the region is
viewed as a place to live, business location and
leisure destination which can transform the city
economically. To maximise the potential of these
major investments there is a need to define and
plan for the inter-linkages between infrastructure
investment, urban development and supporting
economic and social development strategies
as well as environmental management so that
environmental pressures do not mean that the
region becomes a victim of its success.
Economic diversification
Manizales and the wider region was founded as
a centre for coffee cultivation and production
in the 19th century and ever since coffee has
remained a key economic focus and source of
employment particularly in the rural area. The
diversification of Colombia´s economy in the
last decades has forced Manizales City region to
evolve and undergo structural economic change
which has included to generating new innovative
economic sectors and agglomerations to position
the city-region to specialise and compete within
the national and global economy.
A number of key sectors have grown in recent
years including production liquor, shoes, rubber,
chocolate, detergents and soaps, threshing
and packing, sweets and financial services
among others. In addition, in the last half of the
twentieth century the city has become a nationally
significant centre for education and learning as
universities have established in Manizales. The
city wishes to develop its economy further to
develop higher value added manufacturing and
service activities as well as providing employment
opportunities meeting the needs and aspirations
of the workforce.
The city has identified ICT related industries as a
key sector which can link with its focus on higher
education and support broad based growth of the
economy. This report identifies how the existing
projects and initiatives in ICT and other sectors
can be developed further and what else could be
done to maximise their potential.
Focus of the City – Region Development
Masterplan
At the outset the opportunity of this project
was identified to embed the existing Action
Plan prepared for Manizales within a city-region
planning framework to provide a strong basis for:
• Identifying the functional urban linkages
between Manizales and other settlements in
the city region.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework • Improving territorial cohesion and urban-rural
linkages, addressing issues of peri-urban
development, building on the strengths of
Manizales and other municipalities within the
region as service centres.
• Providing a co-ordinated framework for
development which can build competitiveness
and generate opportunities for key economic
sectors.
• Maximising the green growth benefits from
upcoming investments;
• Providing an environmental framework to
safeguard communities from natural hazard
risks and to preserve natural habitats and
biodiversity.
The breadth of the project is very wide ranging.
As part of the process of the project stakeholder
engagement has been integral to shape the
focus of the project within the resources and
timeframe available on the critical issues for the
city. Key to this has been to complement and
build from existing sector strategies, plans and
initiatives which have already been completed or
are ongoing to maximise the value and impact of
the project.
Project Partners
The project has been developed jointly as a
partnership between Findeter, Alcaldia de
Manizales, Atkins, the British Embassy Bogota
and has involved partners and stakeholders
from Estoy Manizales drawn from public, private
and community sectors as well as neighbouring
municipios from South Central Caldas region.
Findeter
The Findeter programme is providing a platform to
Manizales and other cities by promoting investment
in strategic projects aimed at transforming medium
sized cities into sustainable and competitive cities
within a global framework, improving the quality
of life and prosperity of its citizens.
The platform objectives are to identify, plan and
prioritize strategies for environmental, urban,
fiscal, economic and social sustainability in order
to create competitive cities improving the quality
of life and prosperity of the citizens.
During 2012 and 2013 Findeter with the city
of Manizales the city developed an Action Plan
which provided a diagnostic of the issues and
priorities of the city which has been one of the
starting points for this project.
In addition the city has developed a portfolio
of 19 strategic investment projects to support
the growth and development of the city.
These include a mix of transport, infrastructure
environmental and urban development and
regeneration projects.
This project and report aim to build upon the
initiatives already identified as well as help
identify what else could be done to enhance
and develop initiatives further and help progress
implementation further.
Alcaldia de Manizales
The purpose has been to:
Manizales is in the process of updating the city
plan (Plan de Ordimiento Territorial or POT) for
city. The Municipio see this project in making a
contribution to informing the strategy for the city
and the approach to implementing the plan.
Use Manizales city-region as an exemplar
show how integrated planning approaches
and innovative models for implementation
can be applied in Colombia to deliver green
growth benefits as well as to showcase the UK’s
commercial and policy expertise on sustainable
master planning.
The Mayor has been promoting an ICT ecosystem
of interrelated projects and initiatives to support
the development of information technology as a
basis for the future growth and competitiveness
of Manizales and to position the city to be seen as
a “Learning City”. This project has been geared to
complement this emerging focus.
Background for partnership with UK and
Atkins
The UK is a leader in integrated urban planning
and models for delivery. Atkins is a UK based
company, known worldwide for preparing
integrated masterplans and strategies that address
complex issues and respond to them taking
into account the particular environment and
visualising the possible changes for improvement.
Atkins role is to support the city in visioning and
highlighting opportunities based on international
experience of implementation which may not
have been previously considered as well as a focus
on economic and market elements which can be
used to unlock delivery. Atkins has a successful
track record of responding to this challenge
around the world.
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Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Project Terms of reference and structure
Activity/Task
The overall structure of the project is set out below which summarised the project. The project was
initiated in June 2013 and has a programme of 10 months.
Activity 2: Implementation of the City-Region Development Framework and
Manizales priority projects
Activity/Task
Summary Description
Activity 1: Prepare City-Region Spatial Development Plan Framework
Develop regional
analysis framework
Information on the Manizales City-region of Eje Cafetero will be collated,
reviewed and evaluated.
An analytical framework would capture the key factors relevant to green
growth and regional sustainability of urban development, eco systems,
social capital, network infrastructure and economic prosperity.
Baseline spatial information would be collated and reviewed to inform the
formulation of City-region development alternatives in Activity 1.2. This
would include relevant mapping and layers on land use and development
plans, regional growth projections, information on environmental
constraints and risks, infrastructure and socio-economic information.
1.2 Workshop 1 –
Review Regional
Development
Alternatives
1.3 Preferred CityRegion Development
Framework and
Priorities
Workshop 2 –
Implementation
of the City-Region
Framework and
priority projects
From the spatial development plan, the mechanisms and approach
required to support implementation of programmes, projects and
proposals will be discussed and reviewed with stakeholders highlighting
different options and approaches.
2.2 Outline
implementation and
delivery case studies
Based on the outcomes of the workshop for a small number of key
interventions/projects an outline action plan will be prepared defining the
way forward (2-3 case studies). The action plan will include:
Based on the outcomes of Workshop 1, a draft spatial development
framework drawing would be prepared. A supporting document will:
Highlight opportunities for strengthening the planning approach and
policies.
Highlight the potential mechanisms which can be used for implementing
the city region development framework plan to support integrated green
growth.
Output 1: City-Region Development Framework
An overview document (approx 50 pages) which defines the value of a city-region approach to
development planning. The document will identify future development priorities for Manizales and the
south central Caldas region and opportunities for strengthening the planning approach and existing
policies. It will build upon the assessment of needs and priorities undertaken by Findeter.
An overarching City-region spatial framework plan drawing highlighting the constraints and limits on
future development, key proposals and development opportunities. The base information to inform
the plan will be drawn from GIS and CAD information provided by Manizales/Findeter.
The workshop will be used to identify and select a small number of
interventions/projects where proposals will be defined further as case
studies. The opportunities for using partnership models for funding and
delivery based on UK and international benchmarks will be explored.
• Key objectives
• Description of the project ensuring mechanisms to deliver the wider
environmental, social and economic benefits are built in;
• Model for delivery
• Potential funding sources
• Responsibilities including arrangements for implementation based on
discussions on the best approach emerging from the workshop.
An initial number of development alternatives will be prepared as a
powerpoint for discussion in a workshop in Manizales to review key risks,
constraints and opportunities identified in Activity 1.1.
The workshop would refine and elaborate spatial development alternatives
and priorities for the city and wider region. The workshop would be used
to evaluate the different scenarios and reach consensus on a preferred
spatial development approach and key priorities.
Summary Description
Output 2: Implementation of the City-Region Development Framework and Manizales
priority projects
This will be a document (approx 35 pages) building upon the options and solutions discussed at the
second workshop which highlights the potential mechanisms which can be used for implementing
the city region development framework. For a small number (2-3) of key interventions/projects further
details will be outlined to support implementation highlighting the potential of partnership models to
support delivery.
Activity 3: Scale up
3.1 Summary Good
Practice Guide
A 10 page good practice summary and presentation summarising the
City-Region Development Framework and value of its application in
Colombia will be prepared. The guide will be a policy advocacy document
highlighting the key issues to be considered in applying the approach.
The project partners will engage with a range of national government
stakeholders and other organisations to seek endorsement of the guide.
3.2 Scaling up
The outputs of the project will be presented to targeted stakeholders
across Colombia at appropriate conferences and events. Manizales and
Eje Cafetero stakeholders involved with the project will link with Atkins to
promote the benefits highlighted by the project in advocacy to other cities
and regions across Colombia.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Furthermore, it will help make Manizales an
exemplar for the national government as the
framework can be replicated in other regions.
In addition to raising the profile of opportunities
in Manizales to the public and private sector, the
framework will help the region to coordinate its
growth, which will allow local governments to
optimise investment and maximise green growth
potential.
Process and progress to date
Between June and August 2013 the consultants
collated and review the initial tranche of
documents and strategies which were shared.
An initial SWOT analysis was undertaken of
indicators and objectives linking with the Findeter
Action Plan to highlight the strengths and
weaknesses of the city and its region.
Short term impact
Working with policy makers this project will
provide outputs which can be embedded and
directly inform the update to the Manizales city
plan (Plan Ordenamiento Territorial de Manizales
(POT)) highlighting the opportunities for green
growth and how it can be practically delivered.
Commitment to implementation made by local
Mayor and Findeter to translate the project
outputs into the formal city plan (POT) update.
Through workshops knowledge sharing takes place
to inform a Colombia model for implementing
integrated city planning approaches.
The project will convene other regional and
national stakeholders to demonstrate the benefits
of the approach and promote scaling of the
approach. This approach has not been delivered
before in Colombia, which will make Manizales
and the Region a model to follow in the approach
to integrated city planning and associated policies.
The project will help to showcase the UK’s
policy and commercial expertise in developing
sustainable urban planning as well as Public
Private Partnerships.
Longer term impact
The Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de
Manizales incorporates policies and projects
which implement the integrated green growth
approach. The project would provide a basis for
more detailed zoning plans, sector strategies and
development proposals to be taken forward on an
integrated basis which are being planned over the
next 3 years.
Drawing from international best practice
innovative partnership models to implement
and deliver city plans and projects are piloted in
practice in Manizales.
The framework will support decision makers to take
evidence based approach to urban development and
infrastructure planning leading to a more efficient
development and integrated solutions.
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In addition a gap analysis was undertaken of the
existing planning approach in the city based upon a
review of the existing POT to highlight opportunities
for strengthening the policy approach.
Between 2 and 4th September a series of eight
meetings took place in Manizales to explore the
key issues facing the city, to explore potential
economic scenarios and to brief the consultants
on existing and emerging plans and initiatives.
A summary note of the visit was shared which
also set out a roadmap and outline of the next
steps in informing this document which was
finalised in further discussions.
During the visit to Manizales the consultants
participated in a half day Manizales roadshow
which explored issues facing the city at which the
project was introduced to a wider audience of city
stakeholders.
“Manizales is one of the leading
Colombian cities showing the
way towards integrated and more
sustainable city development.”
Section. 1
Overview of proposals and
strategic context
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Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Manizales vision
Introduction
1. POT
2. Transport Plan
3. Environmental Action Plan
4. Estoy Manizales
5. Education Masterplan
6. Invest in Caldas
7. Risk management plan
8. Findeter Sustainable Cities
Action Plan
9. Proyectos list
10. Public spaces masterplan
11. UN Habitat South Central
Region project
Manizales priorities
• Education
• Civic participation
• Environmental
protection
• City identity
The Manizales City Region has
set out a bold vision for its future
in a series of strategies and plans.
The Region strives to become
one of the best places to live in
Colombia, offering quality of life
for its inhabitants.
The model for development is founded on
principles of social and economic productivity,
habitat protection and enhancement, institutional
strengthening and taking a citizen centred
approach to growth and investment.
The Manizales vision is by 2032 to create
friendly city where citizens have a good quality
of life within a city governed by ethical and
democratic principles. The city’s development is
founded on sustainable development, where an
emphasis is placed on outstanding education,
richness of culture, civic participation, innovation,
entrepreneurship, enhancing natural capital and
recognising heritage.
The Manizales priorities are brought together into a single framework
Manizales City Region
Green
Growth
Economy
Liveable
The Manizales Strategic Plan 2012-2013 outlines
the need to continue to engage citizens and
develop a civic culture around participation
that contributes to the transformation and
development of the city in terms of quality of life.
Strategic initiatives are identified with the goal
of sustainable development, including reducing
inequality, improving education, increasing
participation, improving environmental protection
and enhancing the quality of the environment,
innovation and R&D, accessibility to public services
and health, building trust in institutions and the
safety and security of citizens. A series of key
objectives and indicators are set out in order to
measure progress.
This City Region Plan illustrates how the existing
plans and strategies, shown in Figure 1, align and
identify further opportunities for strengthening
regional performance. It incorporates detailed
zoning plans, sector strategies and development
proposals which have been drawn from
international best practice and provides a clear
roadmap for a more integrated and competitive
Manizales City Region.
Innovative
Ecosystem
Social
Inclusion
Integrated
Infrastructure
Manizales City Region Framework
This framework is designed to provide a cohesive
vision for a greater regional focus and support
decision makers in taking evidence based
decisions which account for interdependencies
and complexity inherent in urban development
and infrastructure planning. Furthermore, it
will make the city an exemplar for the national
government could be an approach which can
be replicated in other cities, which could help to
leverage investment from international public and
private sector entities.
In addition to raising the profile of opportunities
in Manizales to the public and private sector,
this framework will help the region to coordinate
its growth, which will allow local governments
to optimise investment and maximise green
growth potential.
Acknowledging the existing strategies and
proposals this plan has focused on 5 cross cutting
themes which link and complement the focus
of existing plans and play an integrating role in
developing proposals for the City region.
Accounts for interdependencies
Encourages cross sectoral linkages
Joined up government
Supports Big Data and City Analytics
Easier for Citizens to participate
Establishes a mandate for citizen centric
development
Ensures sustainable development
Promotes investment in resilient
infrastructure
Provides a more attractive environment for
investors
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework 13
Social Inclusion
Green Growth Economy
Liveable
Innovation Ecosystem
Resilient Infrastructure
Estoy Manizales provides the basis for
a citizen-centric City Region. Placing
citizens at the heart of decision-making
in the city not only requires transparent
and robust governance structures but
also new methods for facilitating the
interactions. This City Region Plan
builds on Estoy Manizales and illustrates
how urban development and new
infrastructure can provide social benefit
and tackle social exclusion.
Manizales City Region will grow
economically, spatially and socially,
and as it does so, natural resources
are enhanced. Green Growth is
pivotal to providing a favourable
investment landscape established on
long term sustainable opportunities,
with no negative social, economic or
environmental externalities. The City
Region Plan identifies green growth
opportunities to help diversify the
industrial base, create long term jobs and
improve living and working conditions.
The Findeter IDB report benchmarks
Manizales to measure performance
against sustainability indicators.
Ultimately performance is measured
against the vision of a City Region
where people can live happy, health
lives within the carry capacity of the
local and global environment.
The environment of the urban
settlements and rural areas affects
the quality of life of citizens. Clean,
convenient, green, diverse, culturally
rich, inspiring and interactive places
shaped by people result in places
where people want to go and enrich
the lives of inhabitants. Evaluating new
development against such objectives
will ensure development is sustainable.
Manizales aims to become a ‘Learning
City’ by 2025, necessitating a shift in
sectoral focus for the city region. The
conditions of the city should provide
favourable conditions for research and
development , projects are underway
to establish clusters hosting business
and industry related to the knowledge
economy. The Innovation Ecosystem
provides a strategy and spatial
focus for the knowledge economy,
accommodating enterprise at different
scale from start ups to campus scale
activities. As an established focus for
innovation the City Region can retain
intellectual capital and build a reputation
that attracts talent and investment.
Resilience and adaptability are
essential infrastructure characteristics
for the sustainable city. Traditional
large scale infrastructure solutions
do not generally offer efficient use
of natural resources, nor can they
adapt to changing conditions and
needs. Integrated infrastructure
should allow systems to fail safely and
offer flexibility, rather than present a
constraint to growth.
Housing and public services will provide
the vital catalyst for social inclusion, but
equally important is accessibility, both
economically and spatially. Inhabitants
should enjoy convenient access to
housing, services, retail, public space,
culture and social networks; providing
a spatial layout and efficient transport
system will support accessibility.
Key Investment Areas: City-wide,
Housing, City Centre Regeneration,
Tourism.
Key Investment Areas: Expansion areas,
La Nubia redevelopment, San Jose,
Knowledge economy, Tourism.
The availability and quality of public
space is a recognised shortcoming for
Manizales, authorities aim to rectify this
through new policy, understanding the
pivotal role of public space in improving
environmental conditions, mobility and
integration with cultural heritage.
Key Investment Areas: Public space
strategy, connectivity and integration,
city centre regeneration, safety and
security, tourism, culture and heritage.
Innovation extends to urban governance
too and more integrated government
will be necessary to facilitate the aims in
this City Region Plan.
Key investment Areas: Universities,
Zona Franca, City Centre regeneration.
New infrastructure should incorporate
best practice approaches to Climate
Change Adaptation and Ecosystem
Based Adaption, it should not
exacerbate exposure to disaster
risks and will strengthen the regions
resilience against direct and indirect
environmental impacts. Urban
infrastructure, in particular, should not
introduce physical barriers that sever
communities, e.g. large roads and
drainage channels.
Key Investment Areas: City Centre
regeneration, new roads and mass
transit, energy generation and supply,
water catchment management.
14
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Accessibility and connectivity
Upgraded linkages between Manizales, La Nubia,
Kilometre 41, Rosario, Chinchina and Villamaria
will support intra regional trade and to ensure
that the new city satellites can be accessed easily.
Urbanization of the Region will rely on the
connectivity of settlements to provide convenient
linkages for goods and labour to traverse. Better
connectivity will increase land values and help to
attract inward investment as better conditions for
business prevail.
Within urban settlements, improved connectivity
increases accessibility, helping to make retail and
public services viable. More accessible locations
are more socially inclusive too by providing
easier access to wider range of destinations
for employment and local services. A widely
documented benefit of good local accessibility
and connectivity is the impact on health and
reducing car dependence.
Fig 1.1: Location Map
Connections that are high quality, visible, safe and
offer quick, convenient access to facilities increase
the likelihood that people will walk to work or
anywhere else. More ‘walkable’ neighbourhoods
have other significant benefits beyond health.
They can reduce the cost of congestion and can
help to address the issue of car parking demand.
There is also evidence that strong connectivity
facilitates safer streets and well used public realm
Strategic Context
Ecosystem services and natural capital
The Central Southern District is one of six districts
in the department of Caldas and includes the
following sub districts: Chinchina, Manizales,
Villamaria, Neira and Palestina. The City Region of
Manizales lies in the tropical zone, to the west of
the Andes, Colombia’s central mountain range.
routes, urban settlements, topography and
designated areas. The City Region has earmarked
a number of transformational investments,
including new settlements, tourist attractions,
urban extensions, road construction and utilities
infrastructure. Combined with other investment
opportunities these projects will have a
transformational impact on the Region.
Its physical geography, soil characteristics, rainfall
and water re-sources are determined by the
influence of the Cumanday massif. Among the
active volcanoes of this massif, at a height of
5,400 metres above sea level, is the snow-capped
Nevado del Ruiz.
But how do these investment priorities shift the
Region towards a more sustainable development
path and drive significant beneficial transformational
changes that improve quality of life?
The diagram opposite illustrates the strategic
context and depicts locations of main transport
The following categories capture where major
strategic investments have been identified.
By virtue of Manizales’ geographical location,
with marked variations in altitude, the territory
of the city and sub region is characterized by
large climatic and ecological diversity. A number
of designated areas to protect the Region’s
biodiversity have been set up, Ecoparque los
Yarumos, Rio Blanco Reserve, part of the Parque
Nacional Natural Los Nevados, and Ecoparque
Alcazares Arenillo.
Urban development, new infrastructure and
economic growth of the Region are intrinsically
linked to the maintenance and preservation of its
ecosystem services and natural capital. If business
as usual development is permitted biodiversity loss
and pollution will be prevalent, severely impacting
quality of life and undermining the resilience of
the Region, driving up the costs of providing clean
water, power and building materials and deterring
tourism and business. Proposals building from the
existing Environmental agenda can help to protect
and strengthen natural capital.
Regional character
The investment opportunities already prioritised
together with additional proposals made in this
report will contribute to the character of the
Region. Improved infrastructure, quality of life
and environment will help maintain its reputation
as a good place for business. The commitment to
education will help to cement the Region’s goal to
develop the knowledge economy. Strengthening
infrastructure and investment in regeneration
will support tourism too and ensure visitors to
the region are left with a positive experience of
Manizales. A revitalised historic core supports
the Region’s ambitions to transform into a tourist
destination, its regeneration is essential in order
to provide a safe, functional and interesting stay
for visitors. The region’s coffee growing heritage
is world renowned and features a UNESCO
designation and coffee is core to the foundation
of Manizales and identity of the region.
Green Growth
Economic diversity is important for the City
Region, but growth must not come at the
expense of environmental quality and social
inclusion or exacerbating environmental risks. By
following a green growth agenda the Manizales
City Region can provide wealth and wellbeing
for residents whilst respecting the environment.
Already the Region has strong credentials in terms
of the environmental initiatives led by authorities
and universities, eco-tourism and resilient
infrastructure investment are further ingredients
which support green growth goals.
Resilient Infrastructure
Business-as-usual infrastructure is unlikely to
provide the environmental and social benefits
needed for the Region. Infrastructure in the
Region will need to be climate resilient, meaning
infrastructure should be located, designed, built
and operated with the current and future climate
in mind. The result is infrastructure that can adapt
to projected climate impacts and has flexibility to
cope with uncertainty without massive failure and
economic cost. This applies to energy, transport
ICT and water infrastructure, as well as housing
and buildings.
New infrastructure planned in the Region
should be evaluated for its resilience and how
it can improve on existing systems. A range
of infrastructure evaluation tools are available
to illustrate the connections between the
infrastructure project and the local and wider
society, economy, environment and businesses.
These tools also help identify where connections
can cause dependencies that increase vulnerability
and place the systems at risk.
An important element of infrastructure resilience
will be the use of ecosystem based adaptation
(EbA) approaches in the Region’s infrastructure
strategy, EbA ‘uses biodiversity and ecosystem
services as part of an overall adaptation strategy
to help people and communities adapt to the
negative effects of climate change at local,
national, regional and global levels’ (UNEP).
Further studies are planned by the city to address
this opportunity and develop proposals to address
the issues of climate risk and develop proposals
for adaptation and mitigation.
Tourism Opportunities
Volcano
Airport
Urban Settlement
Bio Regions
High Ecological Value
Medium Ecological Value
Very High Ecological Value
Road
River
Boundary
Fig 1.2: Strategic Context
Geological Fault
16
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Proposals Map
Taken together with existing proposals, the
priority projects identified within this Plan can
facilitate transformational change for the region.
This map illustrates the extent of opportunities
and projects.
City Centre and San Jose
Restoring the heart of the city and historic core
to create a safe, convenient and attractive
destination for tourism, business and residents.
There are many opportunities to strengthen
the economic role the of the City Centre. City
Centre open spaces and the public realm will
be improved, and where opportunities arise
new open spaces will be created, developing a
network of multifunctional public space will vastly
improve the liveability in the City Centre. The
San Jose area will be regenerated to provide a
compact urban quarter that includes a mix of uses
including public facilities, new social housing and
open spaces.
University Area
Focus of investment in knowledge economy to
establish Manizales as the ‘Learning City’ by 2025.
The University area is a large corridor of institution
uses that stretches from the eastern edge of the
City Centre, to the Baja Suiza in the west, the
area is spread across two districts palogrande
and Estacion). New development in the area will
be controlled to ensure that the area does not
become over developed in terms of the scale and
density of the built form and the intensity of land
use.
La Nubia Airport and Zona Franca Corridor
The Zona Franca is an industrial and commercial
area currently under construction. The free zone
offers tax and customs incentives to businesses.
The development will include high quality public
services and a range of office accommodation
over 22ha. Once La Nubia airport is vacated there
is an opportunity for a mixed use community
including commercial and residential uses.
Baja Suiza
The Baja Suiza area is identified as a key
development area in the POT. This area is
identified for integrated urban public space,
transportation improvements and provision of
community facilities associated with commercial
and residential development adding to the initial
phase of teh project which has already been
completed. Baja Suiza is located adjacent to an
ecoparque which is an environmentally sensitive
area. The area has a high slip threat and future
development of the area will include stabilization
work and tree planting.
Aeropuerto Del Cafe – Palestina- Rosario
Located in Palestina, this is a new airport to
accommodate domestic and international flights.
There is an opportunity for a new multimodal
distribution and logistics hub and large scale
mixed use development nearby at Rosario.
Km 41
North West of Manizales the proposed growth
area has potential to host an exemplar eco
neighbourhood.
Infrastructure upgrades
Improvements to roads will reduce travel times
between cities and towns, particularly between
the new International Airport and Manizales.
Flood prevention infrastructure improvements
are scheduled for the Nubia airport area. New
sewerage and aqueduct proposed from Chinchina
to Km 41.
Tourism and rural development opportunities
Key opportunities include spas, ecoparks,
birdwatching, adventure sports, new hotels and
a revitalised historic core. Taken together these
initiatives may not yet be sufficient to bring
about the transformational change required for
a successful tourism sector. A tourism strategy,
investment in eco-tourism attractions, adventure
tourism and rural income diversification can be
prioritised to contribute to a strong tourism base
to grow from. Existing and proposed protection
areas could be expanded further.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Volcano
Airport
Urban Settlement
Bio Regions
Road
River
Boundary
Geological Fault
Growth Area
Palestina Aqueduct and
Sewerage System
Upgraded Roads
Priority Projects
Fig 1.3: Proposals Map
17
18
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Trajectory and timeline 2013-2025
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
2014 - 2015
2016 - 2020
2021 - 2025
Positioning
Building momentum
Transformation change
City Branding and Marketing
Aeropuerto Del Cafe –
Palestina Rosario Expansion area
Zona Franca - La Nubia Corridor
Airport Development
Development of Commercial and Industrial Uses
Development of Rosario neighbourhood
Improvement of business environment
Redevelopment of Nubia airport
Transport improvements
Public realm and open space
City centre regeneration
SMEs development
Repopulating the city
Reinvigorating the evening and cultural economy
San Jose redevelopment
Kilometer 41
University Area
Creating an eco community
District Improvements
Baja Suiza
Marketing
Rural and Tourism areas
Landscaped and signposted circuit
Accommodation and amenities (rural, urban)
The diagram provides an
overview of the proposals
presented in this document and
the suggested timeframe to
complete these.
The proposals are categorised by spatial area
and indicate key objectives or themes. A more
detailed list of projects is provided further
below in the document under the respective
headings. The projects selected are considered
complementary to the 19 POT projects reinforcing
the implementation of the POT.
In the first phase, any activities are related to
‘positioning’ Manizales City Region for growth
and development. This is a rather short phase
and reflects the preparation of studies, early wins
through small interventions. More importantly it
includes any efforts on marketing the city region
and what it has to offer.
The timeline can be distinguished in 3 main
phases. Certain projects involve continuous efforts
that permeate all three phases
The second phase (2016- 2020), is mostly about
‘building momentum’. Results from early wins are
visible and interest is shown from both domestic
partners and international investors. Some long
term large projects are brought forward and the
vision is starting getting shape.
By 2025, ‘transformational change’ is taking place
with most projects ongoing or near completion.
At this stage of the projects and initiatives will be
showing tangible benefits and a positive impact
according to social, economic and environmental
indicators.
“By 2025 there could be total
employment of 263,700
employees, equating to an
additional 42,800 jobs, the
majority of which would be in
the services sector.”
Section. 2
Economic scenarios
and key sectors
22
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Manizales City Region Growth 2025 – Development Scenarios
Preferred Scenario
The Medium Growth Scenario is considered the
most appropriate as the basis for planning as it
best represents potential growth in Manizales city
region in the next decade till 2025, taking into
consideration past and recent trends. Monitoring
of progress in achieving these targets will help
identify where review and updates to the strategy
could be necessary.
Population Growth 2013-2025
Population Growth
600,000
500,000
Manizales city-region comprises of 5
municipalities that have experienced different
population growth over the past few years.
Villa Maria has shown the greatest increase
averaging at 2% per annum, while Chinchina
and Palestina have seen decreased population
since 2000.
500,000
400,000
400,000
300,000
300,000
200,000
200,000
100,000
Manizales
Villa Maria
Neira
Chinchina
Palestina
Manizales
Villa Maria
Neira
Chinchina
Palestina
20252025
20242024
20232023
20222022
20212021
20202020
20192019
20182018
20162016
20172017
20152015
20142014
20132013
20122012
20112011
20102010
20082008
20092009
20072007
20062006
20052005
0
20042004
100,000
0
20032003
Three scenarios were developed (Low, Medium,
and High Growth) in order to understand the
potential impact growth would have on land
uses. The development of the scenarios has built
upon analyses undertaken of past socio-economic
trends. These scenarios should be considered as
a starting point to support the POT as further
analyses would be required to refine and finalise
the land use approach.
Population Growth 2013-2025
600,000
20022002
Scenario Development
Preferred Scenario
20012001
Future land use requirements will critically depend
on the size, make-up and distribution of future
population and employment. Thus, consideration
of potential future development demographic and
economic growth scenarios is essential to inform
the regional development framework and POT.
FigPreferred
2.1 Preferred
Scenario
Scenario
20002000
Background
Servicios comunales, sociales y personales
Employment Growth
Actividades
Servicios comunales,
sociales Inmobiliarias
y personales
Intermediación
financiera
Actividades Inmobiliarias
By 2025 there could be total employment of
263,700 employees, equating to an additional
42,800 jobs, the majority of which would be in the
services sector.
Transporte, almacenamiento
y comunicaciones
Intermediación
financiera
Comercio, hoteles
y restaurantes
y comunicaciones
Comercio, hoteles yConstrucción
restaurantes
Suministro de ElectricidadConstrucción
Gas y Agua
manufacturera
Suministro de Industria
Electricidad
Gas y Agua
Explotación
de Minas
y Canteras
Industria
manufacturera
Agricultura, pesca,
ganadería,
caza y ysilvicultura
Explotación
de Minas
Canteras
Agricultura, pesca, ganadería, caza y silvicultura
Taking forward past and current trends,
the city-region could have a population
of some 590,600 residents by 2025 from
547,100 in 2013.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
0
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
New employment positions created 2013-2025
New employment positions created 2013-2025
There is currently a workforce of 219,000, (40% of
total population), with 80% located in Manizales
and Villa Maria. It is expected that a successful city
region would increase labour participation through
the creation of more employment opportunities
aligned with the skills available as well as being
more successful in retaining graduates and
attracting high skiled migrants to the city.
Land Requirements
An increase in employment would create the requirement of additional work space.
An additional 42,800 jobs would require approximately 94 hectares of employment land within the city region, including 18 hectares for industrial uses.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Fig. 2.3 High Growth Scenario
Alternative Growth Scenarios and Land
Requirements
Fig. 2.4 Low Growth Scenario
700,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
Two further scenarios reflecting low and high growth were
considered to show how macro and local economic performance
could impact on land development in the city. A low growth
scenario assumes that development is taking place below
expectations with corresponding low population growth.
Similarly, a high growth scenario is founded on the assumption
that net migration is not negative.
Assumptions
400,000
400,000
Fig.
2.3
Fig.
2.3 High
High Growth
Growth Scenario
Scenario
Fig.
Fig. 2.4
2.4 Low
Low Growth
Growth Scenario
Scenario
300,000
300,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
200,000
200,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
100,000
100,000
500,000
500,000
0
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
300,000
300,000
• Population projections are based on extrapolation of current
growth patterns allowing for variations to reflect different
development scenarios. No detailed demographic analyses
were undertaken to qualify population characteristics including
migratory patterns.
• Due to the lack of detailed future economic development
projections, employment growth correlates to projected
population and increasing labour participation and not actual
employment projections.
• No study has been undertaken to quantify the capacity of
each municipality to absorb population growth and
employment creation.
• A study of land development potential and opportunities
would enable options for development of each municipality
to be developed.
200,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
Population
Employment
Linear (Population)
Linear (Employment)
00
High Growth Scenario - Additional Employment 2013-2025
2013 2014
2014 2015
2015 2016
2016 2017
2017 2018
2018 2019
2019 2020
2020 2021
2021 2022
2022 2023
2023 2024
2024 2025
2025
2013
Population
Population
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
200,000
200,000
Population
Employment
100,000
100,000
Linear (Population)
Linear (Employment)
00
Low Growth Scenario - Additional Employment 2013-2025
2013 2014
2014 2015
2015 2016
2016 2017
2017 2018
2018 2019
2019 2020
2020 2021
2021 2022
2022 2023
2023 2024
2024 2025
2025
2013
Comercio, hoteles y restaurantes
High
High Growth
Growth Scenario
Scenario -- Additional
Additional Employment
Employment 2013-2025
2013-2025
Construcción
Linear (Employment)
(Employment)
Linear
Comercio, hoteles y restaurantes
Low
Low Growth
Growth Scenario
Scenario -- Additional
Additional Employment
Employment 2013-2025
2013-2025
Construcción
Suministro
de Electricidad
Gas
y Agua
Servicios
Servicios
comunales,
comunales,
sociales
sociales yy personales
personales
Industria manufacturera
Actividades
Actividades
Inmobiliarias
Inmobiliarias
Suministro
de Electricidad
Gas
y Agua
Servicios
comunales,
sociales yy personales
personales
Servicios
comunales,
sociales
Actividades
Inmobiliarias
Actividades
Inmobiliarias
Explotación
de Minas financiera
yfinanciera
Canteras
Intermediación
Intermediación
Agricultura,
pesca, ganadería,yy caza
y silvicultura
Transporte,
almacenamiento
comunicaciones
comunicaciones
Agricultura,
pesca, ganadería,yy caza
y silvicultura
almacenamiento
comunicaciones
Transporte,
comunicaciones
Comercio,
Comercio, hoteles
hoteles yy restaurantes
restaurantes
Employment
Employment
Intermediación
financiera
Linear (Population)
(Population)
Linear
Transporte, almacenamiento y comunicaciones
Linear
Linear (Employment)
(Employment)
Explotación
de Minas financiera
yfinanciera
Canteras
Intermediación
Intermediación
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Comercio, hoteles
hoteles yy restaurantes
restaurantes
Comercio,
Construcción
Construcción
Explotación
Explotación de
de Minas
Minas yy Canteras
Canteras
Explotación de
de Minas
Minas yy Canteras
Canteras
Explotación
Agricultura,
Agricultura, pesca,
pesca, ganadería,
ganadería, caza
caza yy silvicultura
silvicultura
Agricultura, pesca,
pesca, ganadería,
ganadería, caza
caza yy silvicultura
silvicultura
Agricultura,
00
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
8,000
Suministro de
de Electricidad
Electricidad
Gas yy Agua
Agua positions created 2013-2025
Suministro
Gas
New employment
manufacturera
Industria
Suministro
Suministro de
de Electricidad
Electricidad
Gas
Gas yy Agua
Agua
New employment
positions created 2013-2025
Industria
manufacturera
650,000
300,000
300,000
Population
Population
Employment
Employment
Intermediación
financiera
Linear
Linear (Population)
(Population)
Transporte, almacenamiento y comunicaciones
Construcción
Construcción
Fig. 2.2 Population Growth 2000-2025
23
15,000
15,000
20,000
20,000
00
2,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
600,000
New
New employment
employment positions
positions created
created 2013-2025
2013-2025
550,000
Fig.
Fig. 2.2
2.2 Population
Population Growth
Growth 2000-2025
2000-2025
500,000
650,000
650,000
450,000
500,000
500,000
High Growth Scenario
450,000
450,000
2024
2022
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
550,000
550,000
2000
600,000
600,000
400,000
Preferred Scenario
Low Growth Scenario
2024
2022
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
400,000
400,000
New employment
employment positions
positions created
created 2013-2025
2013-2025
New
Population – The population city region is projected to reach
some 630,400, with Villa Maria, Neira and Manizales absorbing
much of the growth
Population – Relatively stagnant at 559,200 with municipalities
of Chinchina and Palestina continuing to experiencing decreasing
population
Employment – Total projected employment of 277,600 in the
city region
Employment – Some 246,600 residents would comprise the total
workforce
Land requirements – 129 hectares for employment uses
including 24ha for industrial uses
Land requirements – 61 hectares for commercial uses including
12 hectares for industrial uses
24
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Manizales City Region Growth 2025 – Development Scenarios
Manizales City Region has all the attributes to
develop into a successful economic centre and an
area with high standards for living.
Whist the city region measures favourably in
certain areas in terms of key drivers of competitive
economic performance such as quality of life,
decision making and human capital, there is a
need to ensure that other drivers are also in a
position to lead the city region to higher economic
performance. These include connectivity both intra
and interregional, attracting appropriate investment
and cultivating an innovative diverse economy.
To ensure prosperity is maximised and spread
across all areas of the community, there a
number of measures and intervention that can
be adopted. Although Manizales benefits from
extensive educational opportunities, the city is
lagging behind in terms of incentives to create a
right business environment with the associated
physical infrastructure to retain and attract
investors and businesses. A number of initiatives
have been promoted and taken forward, however
in a highly competitive global economy every
effort needs to focus on delivering excellence so
that Manizales can maximise its market share.
The diagram overleaf provides an overview of
the key sectors of the economy in Manizales
and links to potential proposed investment
locations. The aim of the diagram is to show the
complexity of spatial distribution of the urban
economy and how each investment site requires
a comprehensive understanding of development
potential in relation to the economic prospects.
Target outcome
Urban
standard of living
Economic performance GDP /
GVA per capita
Aggregate urban economic performance
Labour
productivity
Revealed urban competitive
economic performance
Key drivers of competitive
economic performance
Innovation /
Creativity
Self-reinforcing
feedback effects
Investment
Human Capital
Employment
rate
Economic
diversity /
specialisation
Wages and
profits
Connectivity
Quality
of life
Decision
Making
The following pages provide a summary of each
of the key opportunity sectors including current
performance and future potential initiatives.
Fundamentals
Fig. 2.5 Urban growth fundamentals and drivers
Business
environment
Educational
base
Physical
infrastructure
Social / cultural /
infrastructures /
networks
Governance
structure
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework An overview of Manizales city region economy and key investment locations
Manizales City-Region Economy
Fundamentals and key drivers
Innovation /
Creativity
Information
Communication
Technology
Urban Services
1.
3. 4. 5. 7.
Human
Capital
Investment
1. 2. 3. 4. 7.
Research &
Development /
Higher Education
1.
2.
3.
Economic
Diversity
Quality of life
6.
7.
Decision
Making
Visitor Economy
Transport &
Logistics
1.
1.
4.
5.
7.
3.
5.
Physical
Infrastructure
Connectivity
Manufacturing
3.
5.
Other Agriculture,
Mining, Energy
2.
3.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Universities District
and Learning City
Zona Franca
Corridor and La
Nubia Airport
New Airport Cluster
– Palestina-Rosario
City Centre
Regeneration
Sub regional
Tourism Tourism
Bioinformatics and
Biotechnology
centre
Km41
Investment locations
Key knowledge intensive economic activities
Fig. 2.6 Manizales City Region Economic Projects
25
26
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Knowledge economy and higher education
Vision: Manizales will build on
its existing strenghts in higher
education.
Two of the most prominent initiatives include the
partnership with the European Union under the
Seventh Framework Programme of the EU to and
the organisation of diaspora national scientific
events to engage Colombian academics abroad.
A key priority for the City is to build on its
strengthin higher education.
There has been considerable effort over the past
few years to develop a place where R&D activities
can flourish. Projects such as the Bios Centre and
City Tech in Zona Franca will help increase the
quality and quantity of activities in the sector.
Performance: public sector education has
experienced a modest growth since 2000 with
2.4% per annum, whilst private sector education
has decreased at a rate of 1.4% in terms of
added value over the same period. Despite that,
there has been considerable effort to promote
Manizales as a key university city in Colombia
with a number of higher education institutions
and research centres linking with national and
international counterparts
Future Outlook: A key goal of the Colombian
government is to increase the proportion of
young Colombians that continue their studies
or training after school. In 2010, the proportion
of those continuing to higher or vocational
education was only 37.2%. In the meantime,
academic institutions in the country have been
raising their standards, including those located
within Manizales City Region with higher quality
and variety of courses offered.
The National Department of Science, Technology
and Innovation (Colciencias) has embarked on
ambitious strategy to upscale higher education
and R&D in country.
R&D is closely related to the Information and
Communication Technology sector and a number
of projects and initiatives in the latter permeate
into the development of a ‘Learning City’.
There is a need to establish a strategy to facilitate
future growth in the sector that provides a coherent
message in terms of spatial physical planning and
connectivity of the sector both within Manizales city
region but also outside its boundaries.
Research and Development
/ Higher Education
Development of new products and
services through applied research
Type of Economic Activity
Educational Base
• Academic (any related subject)
• Research scientists (life and
physical sciences, maths)
• Scientific laboratory technician
• Product development specialist
• Advanced studies in related
subjects
• Information systems
Existing Initiatives
Planned Projects
No known initiatives
• City Tech
• Bios- Centre for
Bioinformatics
and Biotechnology
Fig. 2.7 – Indicative Sector Development Framework
Future Development
Opportunities
• New faculties and
specialisms
• Establishing a Science
Park/City;
• Organising Conferences
• Incentives to develop
private sector R&D
market
• Engaging international
academics
• Financing for university
spin-off businesses
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Manizales City Region hosts the campus of one of
the best universities in Central and South America.
The National University of Colombia ranks 4th out
of 300 academic institutions surveyed in the Region,
behind Brazilian and Chilean institutions (Source: QS
Latin American University Rankings 2013)
The University has been the centre of the
research and academic tradition in Colombia
with a staff of nearly 3000 professors, and over
46000 students nationally. In Manizales the local
campus includes the faculties of administration
and information systems, engineering and
architecture, biotechnology and agro industry,
environmental sciences, The presence of such a
reputable university locally enables the attraction
of students and investor interest in R&D
There are a number of other reputable academic
institutions such as the University of Caldas, 8 in
total. Additionally, there are 11 specialised centres
in R&D that can provide a robust platform for the
development of the sector.
There were some 30,000 students in Manizales
and based on current ratio of academic staff
observed for the National University of Colombia,
it is estimated that there are nearly 2000
professors and teaching staff in the City region,
excluding any consideration of staff at R&D
centres. With the increase of importance of the
sector in Manizales it can be expected that Higher
Education and R&D can become a significant
employer in the city region creating a number of
direct and supporting jobs as well as attracting
new businesses.
To service a potential growth in the sector it will
be imperative that a number of facilities and
infrastructure is in place to accommodate it. A
number of successful examples of ‘University
Cities’ around the world show that state of the
art facilities, located in close proximity facilitate
the functionality of a University. Given that
Universities in Manizales City region are located
within urban area with campuses scattered, the
proposal and plan for the “University Quarter
could help to consolidate the role this part of the
city plays. This will not only assist with perceptions
of space but will facilitate focus given on planning
measures and investments to improve the
legibility of the area. In addition there could be
an opportunity to bring additional institutes and
satellite buildings from some of the institutes to
other parts of the city including the city centre
and its fringe and the La Nubia airport site once it
is vacated.
Encouraging and increasing R&D presence in the
city region will also require investment for the
provision of appropriate facilities and favourable
fiscal incentives to attract investors’ interest. As it
is not always possible to co-locate facilities next to
academic institutions, a dedicated site in a prime
location, particularly close to transport nodes
such as the Aeropuerto Del Cafe and/or La Nubia
Airport once vacated would be important to offer
required high visibility and appropriate image to
the development.
27
28
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework ICT sector
Vision: to establish Manizales
as the ‘Learning City’ by 2025
and ‘Silicon Mountain’ of the
Americas
Information and
Communication Technology
Enabling the function of information
processing and communication by
electronic means.
Performance: the sector has performed well in
terms of output over the past 10 years achieving
a steady increase of 4.7% per annum. It accounts
of 0.8% of value added in the sector nationally.
Future Outlook: there has been considerable
effort put by stakeholders to promote the sector
in Manizales. Close collaboration among national
and local government and universities as well as
businesses has enabled to secure some positive
developments in the sector.
The city region benefits from a healthy educational
base with over 3,000 graduates in ICT related
studies completing courses in the past 5 years.
If the city can provide opportunities to retain a
greater share of graduates it can provides a solid
base on which ICT economy can flourish.
Educational Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Publishing activities
Motion picture, video and programming
Programming and broadcasting activities
Telecommunications
Computer programming, consultancy and related
activities
• Data processing, hosting and related activities
• Activities of call centres
• Business services and financial services, including legal
The significance of the sector and the local
commitment to succeed can be reflected in the
numerous initiatives and projects established
directly or indirectly related with the ICT sector:
• Digital City strategy: a programme looking
to consolidate initiatives and projects creating
an ecosystem of activities
• Incubar: the incubator of technology
based business of Manizales, an institution
supporting entrepreneurship and business
development
• Bios: Centre for Bioinformatics and
Biotechnology which includes an IT platform/
data processing centre located at Yarumos
Eco Park.
Programming languages
Hardware architecture and construction
Network design and engineering
Software engineering/programming
Multimedia design
Software tools and packages
Databases
Data-mining
Planned Projects
•
•
•
•
• City Tech
• Zona Franca
• Bios- Centre for Bioinformatics
and Biotechnology
• Incubar
Manizales Mas
Vive Labs
Tecnoacademia
Digital citizen initiative and
telecentros
Future Development
Opportunities
• Specialised lab facilities
• IT Outsourcing Activities
• Business Process Outsourcing
Activities
• Knowledge Process Outsourcing
Activities
• Analysis Proves Outsourcing
(APO) ie.Big Data
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Expanding the range and depth of ICT services
represented in the local economy will assist in
increasing the competitiveness of all sectors
while it provides a basis to pursue a number of
new opportunities such as outsourcing activities.
However, there is still much to be achieved as the
to date the most significant sub sectors in terms
of employment in Manizales are lower value ICT
related services such as call centres. To increase
the share of higher value added activities there is
a need to up-skill the local workforce.
Activities such as Knowledge Process
Outsourcing involve intellectual arbitrage
requiring more specialised skills than ITO and
BPO activities. Due to the greater specialisation
these sub sectors tend to be less footloose as
they are dependent labour markets where more
specialised knowledge workers are available.
The diagram indicates the steps involved from
moving from ITO and BPO activities to those
higher value activities of KPO activities. These
are effectively a combination of processing
activities such as BPO and more specialised
activities in research and IT related activities.
Manizales city region has a strong economic base
that can support these. It has an existing R&D base
combined with reputable university presence (eg
National coffee research centre – Cenicafe and
the Centre for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology).
Developing these services further would provide
an opportunity, through ICT, to expand in to
the market of KPO activities for both national
and international companies and institutions,
particularly in Spanish speaking countries.
29
IT Outsourcing Activities
• Application management and
application development
• Data centre operations
• Testing and quality assurance
Business Process Outsourcing Activities
•
•
•
•
Financial and administration processes
Human resources functions
Call centre and customer centre activities
Accounting and payroll
Research analysis outsourcing
– Analysis Proves Outsourcing Activities
•
•
•
•
Financial research
Clinical research
Big Data analysis
Legal research
Knowledge process outsourcing activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Insurance
Equity research and investment banking
Retail banking and marketing
Legal services
Clinical services
Intellectual property services
Fig. 2.9 Increasing value of outsourcing activities
30
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Transport and logistics sector
Vision: to establish
international, inter and intra
departmental connectivity
An indicative list of products that require air
freight is provided below. For these products what
counts as time critical, and hence require fast
transportation, depends on how quickly a product
perishes and / or the value to the recipient.
Performance: the transport sector , particularly air
transportation, has experienced a major setback in
recent years with 12.6% decrease per annum in
value added over the past 10 years. The operation
of the current airport is limited by weather
conditions which has contributed significantly to
the loss of business which consequently affects the
whole economy of the city region.
• Perishables – food, flowers
• Business packages and mail
• Luxury goods
• Equipment / machinery
• Pharmaceutical products
• Animals
• High value goods which can range from high
value consumables to diamonds, gold, cash
Given the city region’s relatively isolated location
due to its topography, air linkages with the rest of
the country are important.
Future Outlook: The future of the sector and
other related activities will depend on the progress
of key projects announced to connect the city
region to the rest of the country and internationally.
The planned airport will play an important role not
only to Manizales but to the wider department,
claiming back some of the lost business to other
regional airports. The operation of the current
airport is limited by weather conditions which has
contributed significantly to the loss of business
which consequently affects the whole economy of
the city region.
With the development of the new airport and
road connections there is an opportunity create a
core logistics centre for the area. It will also enable
to facilitate the improvement of business in other
sectors such as tourism that will see Manizales as a
place to visit within easy reach as well as providing
an impetus for a successful higher education
expansion, business attraction.
Further opportunities could arise for sectors that
benefit from the proximity to an international
airport such as the development of Science Parks,
high tech manufacturing, leisure sector.
These products provide an indication of the
potential uses and type of employment that could
be created due to the existence of an established
transportation network that focuses on air cargo.
Potential uses that can benefit from close
proximity to an airport include:
• Just in time manufacturing
• Factory outlets
• Industrial park
• Logistics park and free trade zone
• Distribution centre
• Intermodal freight hub
• University campus
• Sports complex
• Medical and wellness cluster
• Exhibition halls/world trade complex/
convention centre
• Office corridor/business park
• Info communications Technology (ICT)
corridor
• Residential/shopping complex
• Hotels
Transport & Logistics
Activities that enable people and
goods to be transported in the least
possible time.
Educational Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Analysts
Clerks/agents/customs brokerage
Courier/drivers/pilots
Distribution and packaging
IT consultants and marketing
Transport planner
Engineers
Maintenance
Economics
Business management
Transport planning
Information systems
Administration
Engineering
Planned Projects
Future Opportunities
• No known initiatives
• Aeropuerto de Cafe
• Road schemes
• Cable car
Airport related uses or uses that
could benefit from close proximity
to an airport such as high tech
manufacturing, conference halls,
hotels distribution centres, food
industry activities.
Increase accessibility for visitors
facilitating the development of
the tourism sector elsewhere
in the city region such as city
centre regeneration, rural tourism
activities and facilities.
Urban services
Vision: to establish
Manizales as a key regional
service and administrative centre
for the region
Performance: all sectors have performed well over
the past 10 years including the real estate sector
(2.6% per annum) and financial services (5% per
annum). in 2012,, Urban services in Manizales city
region accounted for over a quarter of total output
(26%) but slightly lower than the national average
(30%) reflecting a higher concentration of urban
services in Bogota.
Future Outlook: Urban services tend to reflect and
correspond to the demands of the local population
and as the population of the city region is expected
to increase over the next decades so will the
requirements for greater and more sophisticated
services. Furthermore, the city region is set to expand
its economic base which would also require the
provision of services to support their operations.
Manizales city region has started establishing
itself as a provider of specialised ICT related
services. Services such as Knowledge Processing
Outsourcing represent a niche market that does
not only service the local market but could
also capture some of the national market and
international markets benefiting from language
skills for Spanish speaking countries these centre
not only on ICT but also related business services
and support services sub sectors.
A well serviced city not only benefits local
population and businesses but also helps attract
investors which would view the city as a good
location for business.
However, to accommodate expanding services
and niche sectors there is a requirement for
suitable workspaces. Manizales city region offers
an array of current and potential development
possibilities including in the historic city of
Manizales and elsewhere within or outside of
the Manizales. Appropriate consideration of
businesses’ requirements and provisions would
signal the maturity of the city region’s economy to
potential investors.
Urban Services
Services provided through public
or private facilities to residents and
workers or support to other key
economic sectors.
Educational Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Financial intermediation
Real estate
Trade
Public utilities
Health care
Finance/accounting
Economics
Medicine
Engineering
Marketing and human resources
Legal and advertising
Information systems
Business management
Planned Projects
Future Development Opportunities
• No known
initiatives
• Energy related
projects
• Business services, including
specialist services to support ICT
related activities
• Health care facilities including
specialist units
• Waste management
• Wholesale trade in relation to
airport development
• Retail services
• Public sector services
• Retail quarters/leisure
• Public sector activities expansion to
serve beyond the boundaries of the
city region (e.g. e-government)
32
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Visitor Economy
Vision: to establish the
region as the second national
tourism destination after the
Atlantic Coast
Performance: The value of the tourism sector to
the local economic has grown over the 10 years at
an average rate of 3.8% per annum. Although not
Future Outlook: A number of initiatives have
been established to promote the great wealth of
natural and historic resources within Manizales city
region. furthermore, new hotels and facilities such
as learning centres have started being developed to
enhance the touristic offer.
The city region already benefits from exceptional
resources with a subtropical climate boasting 8
different climate zones. The area has a lot to offer
to the visitor including:
•
•
•
•
•
Hot springs
Natural and theme parks
Eco-tourism activities route/circuit
Architectural heritage
Events & Festivals
Some of its greatest assets are the numerous parks
in the area such as the Tropical Rainforest Yarumos
Ecopark, White River Ecopark and Forest of Snails,
the coffee culture embedded in the local life, as
well as the fine architecture located within the
historic centre of Manizales.
Visitor Economy
Services related to Eco-Tourism, Agrotourism and Architectural Heritage.
Educational Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hotels and restaurants
Land/water/air transport
Travel agencies
Car rentals
Recreational, cultural and sporting facilities
Other tourism related industries e.g. financial services
Financial management
Customer services
Personnel including human resources
Marketing – planning, product development,
advertising sales, distribution, public relations,
publicity, research analysis and e-marketing
• Linguistics
Planned Projects
Future Development Opportunities
• Improving the
Competitiveness of
the Tourism Sector and
the Coffee Cultural
Landscape in Caldas –
• Coffee Route de Caldas
in Chinchina
• Aeropuerto de Cafe
• Hotels
• Conferences and
conventions
• 5 routes: cultural and
historic. eco-parks and
adventure,
coffee route, religious
route bird-watching
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In the future the sector could play an even bigger
role in the local economy contributing to higher
employment creation and attracting national and
international attention and investment.
•
•
•
•
•
T ourism marketing campaign
Infrastructure and utilities upgrade
Agrotourism
Eco developments and landscaped circuit
Tourist Cable car and other modes of transportation within the city region
Appropriate signposting and landscaping in urban areas
Internationalisation of existing festivals and creation of new ones
Redevelopment of building in the historic centre into new uses
(e.g. boutique hotels)
Business (meetings and seminars)
Sports activities – walking, horse riding, cycling
Health and wellness activities
Centres for the scientific observation of nature
Appropriate signposting and landscaping in urban areas
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Segments
The identified development opportunities can
largely be group together under the following
segments. This process helps identify common
characteristics and appropriate interventions
for target audiences. Key market segments for
Manizales include:
MICE(Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and
Exhibitions)
This segment reflects all business related visits and
could see Manizales developing as a key meetings,
conventions and trade shows destination in
Colombia and internationally. Key requirements
for this to be realised would be the completion of
new Aeropuerto del Cafe and the development
of new convention centre providing state of the
art facilities.
Special Interest/Activities
This market segment directly relates to the natural
environment including ecotourism experience,
adventure tourism (mountain biking, hiking),
native wildlife parks and gardens and agro
tourism (e.g. coffee growing). An additional
strand relates to the creation of wellbeing and
health facilities, such as spa hotels that can
complement nature related offer.
Short Breaks / Family holidays
There is a necessity to change perceptions of
Manizales City Region towards that of a key
destination for domestic tourists. The area
benefits from abundant natural resources, unique
within Colombia that could provide an alternative
to beach destination s in country and a relaxing
and educational environment as a family holiday
or short weekend break.
Offer
Positioning in the market is very important and
there will be a requirement to provide an array of
services to enable a all round tourism offer that
attract interest.
Accommodation
A variety of accommodation is essential to
cater for the various segments for the market.
This should include business hotels with
suitable conferencing and ICT facilities; rural
accommodation, particularly eco-friendly cottages,
and boutique and city centre hotels.
Attractions
The city region already benefits from a number
of natural attractions, however a more formal
proposition such as established hiking routes and
facilities along the way. This should also includes
urban attraction such as the organisation of
national and international conferences and trade
shows, cultural events and educational summits.
Amenities
Other amenities apart from accommodation
should include tourist offices, an effective
transportation network, restaurants and bars and
shops in an inviting and pleasing environment,
easily accessible for tourists.
Marketing
When making a choice to travel the level of
available information is critical and the way this is
communicated across.
Tourism promotion needs to be effective and
creative with the greatest attention being paid
to the target audience. It needs to highlight
the desirable aspects of the location providing
adequate information. It also needs to be far
reaching and accessible something that can
be realised through participation in trade fairs,
advertisements or just simply a well structured
and interesting website that provides a one-shopstop for all services and attractions in the area.
33
“The vision for the City Centre is
to reinvigorate the Centre so that
it once again becomes the heart
of the City, an area that residents
of Manizales take pride in and
see as a desirable place to live,
work and enjoy.”
Section. 3
Spatial focus and proposed
investment areas
36
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Manizales city centre regeneration
Context
The City Centre includes the historic centre of the
City and its surrounding areas, and the San Jose
area. The City Centre has traditionally been the
heart of the City, serving the City and the wider
region. Over the years the historic centre has been
affected by insensitive development that failed to
respect the character, architecture and culture of
the centre. Housing in the City Centre has been
displaced by commercial development, and the
perception among some residents is that the city
has become a less attractive place to live for a
variety of issues relating to quality of life leading
to a trend of more affluent residents moving away
to live in other districts. The commercialisation of
the Centre has led to increased traffic congestion
and parking issues, noise and pollution. The City
Centre does play a role in providing economic and
employment opportunities for the people of the
City. As the role of the City Centre has changed
other problems have arisen, such as crime and
deprivation and poor environmental quality.
The location of the City Centre including the San
Jose area has led to the formation of informal
settlements for those on lower incomes. Some
of the informal settlements are on steep slopes
which are unstable and at risk from landslides.
The result of these issues is that other centres are
now developing and have attracted people and
activity away from the City Centre. The growth of
these centres will not help in arresting the decline
of the City Centre.
Vision
The vision for the City Centre is to reinvigorate the
Centre so that it once again becomes the heart of
the City, an area that residents of Manizales take
pride in and see as a desirable place to live, work
and enjoy, this is important for achieving a high
quality of life (a key objective of the POT). The
role of the City Centre will be redefined so that it
is a multi-functional area with a wide mix of uses
including new housing, commercial uses, services,
administrative functions, shopping and cultural
facilities. As set out in the POT (Componente
Generale) protection of cultural, historical
and architectural assets is a key objective.
Development will need to be carefully designed so
that it retains and protects the buildings, culture
and the urban form in the historic centre.
The City Centre will continue to remain a key asset
in leveraging investment and jobs to the City. The
economic role of the City Centre will be diversified
to attract a wider range of economic opportunities.
These opportunities will be identified and
promoted to potential investors and employers.
Opportunities will be taken to promote walking
and cycling in order to reduce traffic congestion
and improve air quality.
The San Jose area will be regenerated to provide
a compact urban quarter that includes a mix of
uses including public facilities, new social housing
and open spaces. The regeneration of the area will
provide residents, with increased job opportunities,
improved services and a better quality of life. The
physical links between the San Jose area and the
historic centre will be improved, so that area is
better integrated with the historic core.
City Centre open spaces and the public realm
will be improved, and where opportunities arise
new open spaces will be created, developing a
network of multifunctional public space will vastly
improve the liveability in the City Centre.
By creating a vibrant City Centre through these
improvements the City Centre will help to attract
new investment into the City, and will reinforce
the attraction of the City for visitors.
Existing Proposals
Alcaldia de Manizales has developed proposals for
both the Historic Core set out in the Plan Parciade
Revitalización Integral del Centro de Manizales
and the San Jose area set out in Macroproyecto de
Interes Social Nacional Para el Centro Occidente de
Colombia – San Jose – manizales. Proposals for the
historic centre include the following:Historic Centre:
• Reform of the transit system to develop a
circular transport system fed by two nodes.
• Market square revitalisation.
• Creation of new parks.
• Development of new housing in block
5-219. Build an entire city block with
different housing typologies new
housing standards.
• Shopping mall project in blocks 5-20
and 5-44 through the demolition of
non-protected buildings and recycling of
protected buildings and facades.
• Pedestrianisation of street 19.
Proposals for the San Jose area include
the following:
• Urban renewal of the area to provide
4,000 new social homes.
• Relocation of families in the high risk area
of Olivares hillside.
• Commercial development.
• Sport and recreation park.
• College.
• Territorial Health Authority.
• Police District.
• Integrated Community Services Center –
CISCO.
• Fields Gallery (market square).
• Consumer Centre.
• Health Center.
• Educational Facilities.
• Fire Station.
• Technology Park.
The proposals for San Jose are spread across the
five areas identified Macroproyecto de Interes
Social Nacional Para el Centro Occidente de
Colombia – San Jose – Manizales for renewal /
redevelopment:
•
•
•
•
•
Pieza Intermedia De Planificacion (PIP13).
Parque Olivares.
Zona mixta.
Sector Avanzada (Advanced sector).
Plan Parcial Galeria (Galleria Partial Plan).
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework URBAN TREATMENTS
PIP 13
SECTOR AVANZADA
ZONA MIXTA
PLAN PARCIAL GALLERIA
HISTORICAL CENTRE
PARQUE OLIVERAS
(Development to be moved to
alternative locations)
TRANSPORTE PUBLICO CIRCULAR
ESTACIONES DE TRANSFERENCIA
CENTRO DE MANIZALES
NATURAL OPEN SPACE
OPPORTUNITIES
NEW COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Existing Public Open Spaces
Monumnets / Cultural Attractions
Institutional
Commercial Active Frontage
Major / Arterial Routes
New Pedestrian Routes / Loops
Connections With Historical Centre
Fig. 3.1 – Proposals and opportunities City Centre
1
Plaza De Bolivar
2
Cathedral
3
Palacio de Justicia
4
Iglesia de Los Augustinos
5
New Mixed Use development to replace
Transport Terminal
6
Plaza de Mercado
7
Parque Caldas
8
Parque Ernesto Gutierrez
9
Iglesia la Inmaculada Conception
37
38
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Our thoughts on suggested
additional proposals
the identity of the area and directing / clustering
complementary land uses in order to attract more
investment. In other areas there may be scope to
develop new activities, for example a City Centre
university campus that could provide a key focus
for the future development of the area and act as
a catalyst to change the perception and image.
A new quarter could develop around a campus,
by providing student accommodation and social
facilities, and businesses serving the university and
the student population would be encouraged to
locate there.
Role of City Centre and land uses –
Development of the City Centre going forward
will need to be guided by a clearly defined vision
of what the role of the City Centre should be.
All development should reinforce the notion of a
hierarchy of centres, with the City Centre at the top
of that hierarchy.
The City Centre should be considered in its widest
sense, so the definition of urban quarters based on
the existing character (in terms of the urban form,
architecture and land uses) and common identities
will be an important step. Quarters should not be
mono-functional in terms of land use zoning but
have a more flexible approach within prescribed
limits. Quarters could be established based
upon one or more anchor activities, for example
retail, culture, transport, civic or institutional,
educational uses building upon existing strengths
and potentials. Definable urban quarters based
on clusters of city blocks will help to establish a
definable role for each part of the City Centre
which will help to manage development and
catalyse investment. For each urban quarter an
appropriate balance of uses should be defined and
a corresponding, land use zoning approach and
development parameters set for key sites.
In some quarters in the City Centre the role is
well established and the policy and proposals
for these areas will be focused on strengthen
Repopulate the City Centre – parts of the
City Centre have lost much of the residential
population over the last 30 years. A resident
population is vital in maintaining the vibrancy of
city areas, as a mix of residents and businesses
create activity throughout the day, help to support
public services, shops and businesses. Mixed use
development should be encouraged within the
City Centre. The approach should encourage
both a mix of uses within buildings, through the
reuse of upper floors above shops or businesses,
and also mixing of uses on a development site.
Projects such as San Jose will help to sustain the
City Centre by providing modern housing at the
fringe of the City Centre.
Where new housing is developed a mix of
housing, sizes, types and tenure (both social and
private housing) will be required, so that a diverse
mix of people will be encouraged to live in the
City Centre. To achieve this, private investors
will need to be incentivised to build private
housing in the City Centre that is attractive to
middle income households. By providing better
quality accommodation this will attract highly
skilled people back to the City Centre to live.
This in turn will help to develop the economy
by improving the skills base in the City Centre,
which is particularly important for growing the
knowledge economy. The trend of recognising
and reinvigorating city centres has been a trend
in the UK, Europe, USA and Oceania over the
past 30 years to reverse the previous pattern of
decline, de-industrialisation and out-migration
from cities.
The City Centre would also be a good location
to locate student accommodation. Universities
or student accommodation providers should be
encouraged to develop accommodation in the
City Centre. This could either be purpose built or
conversion of existing buildings. Development of
accommodation could be linked to a City Centre
educational campus. The development of student
accommodation would add to the vibrancy of the
City Centre, and help to re-establish a City Centre
resident population.
Novel types of accommodation such as live /
work or studios should be encouraged. This type
of accommodation provides living space and
working space for self employed people who have
their own small business. Existing buildings can be
converted to this type of accommodation and it is
particularly well suited to creative industries.
An appropriate level of new good quality services
and facilities such as schools, healthcare etc. will
need to be developed in close proximity to new
residential areas, so that City Centre living will
be a more attractive proposition. Facilities should
be provided in each neighbourhood so that they
are accessible to residents within a short walking
distance.
Economic role – The City Centre should provide
a higher density of jobs and a more diverse range
of job and business opportunities. The City Centre
currently accommodates commercial premises,
administrative functions, shopping, restaurants and
services. These are all economic roles that should
and will continue in future. However, the economy
of the City Centre can be further diversified to
attract higher value sectors such as the knowledge
economy, creative industries and tourism.
The aim should be to create a cluster of small
and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the
knowledge based and creative industries sectors.
Start up SMEs in these sectors often require
cheap, small scale office accommodation located
in existing buildings that can be converted to their
needs rather than grade A offices. These sectors
can be encouraged to locate in the City Centre,
through grants and incentives.
The City Centre provides a good location for
office based employment, and therefore the
needs for modern office accommodation will
need to be assessed and defined. The location
of new office accommodation needs to be
carefully considered to avoid the mistakes of the
past, where insensitively designed or located
developments have impacted on the character of
the City Centre. New office developments should
be clustered around key transport hubs to avoid
issues with traffic congestion / parking. Heights
of buildings may need to be controlled where
they would have an impact on heritage protected
buildings or residential amenity.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework The tourism economy should be encouraged
further, so that Manizales and in particular
the City Centre, become a base for tourists to
explore the wider region. Proposals could include
the development of a heritage trail in the City
Centre, support for the tourist businesses and
encouragement of further hotel development. In
particular further visitor accommodation should
be encouraged to develop in the City Centre.
The type of accommodation required will depend
on the tourist market that the City would like to
attract. There are several types of visitor market
that Manizales should aim to capture some
market share of including: meetings, incentives,
conferencing and exhibitions (MICE) tourism,
wellness tourism (spa treatments); adventure
sports tourism; food and drink tourism and
cultural tourism. As such the City should aim to
attract some mid range hotels with conferencing
facilities to service the business tourist market,
mid to high end branded and independent
boutique hotels to cater for families and higher
income domestic and international tourists that
are likely to want to visit the City for leisure.
There could also be scope to provide budget
accommodation to cater for the adventure
tourism market as well as families.
39
Development should also create or enhance
activity corridors. These could be shopping streets,
or areas with a commercial or a cultural focus.
These activity corridors help to define the urban
structure providing a means of understanding the
City Centre and help to provide a clear hierarchy
of routes to navigate through the City.
Retail opportunities – Colombia is one of
the world’s fastest growing retail markets
and Manizales in common with other cities
will experience demands and pressures for a
significantly expanded retail and leisure offer in
terms of scale as well as range aligned with the
demands of City and regional population and
visitor profile. It appears that while new malls
providing space for convenience and comparison
goods retail, food and beverage and leisure
activities have been developed as well as “big
box” bulky goods retail. It is likely that the City
could be under provided for when considering
future potential up to 2025.
Urban form and approach to development
– Development in the City Centre will include:
redevelopment of existing buildings; infill on sites
that are not currently built out; and re-use of
existing buildings. New development should be
encouraged in the City Centre but it should not
impact on the character of the City Centre, and
therefore scale, height, density, architectural style
and building materials should be appropriate.
It will be important to identify the large key
sites that are most likely to come forward for
redevelopment, in order that a co-ordinated
approach to development can be taken across the
City Centre.
There are also various forms of speciality retail
which the City could use as a differentiator.
The City region is particularly strong in the food
processing industry and this is an opportunity
that could be exploited further, by developing a
speciality retail offer. The specialist retail industry
could play to the strengths of the City Centre
in terms of markets and events (coffee fiesta),
by targeting the tourist economy with local
produce, through a cluster of specialist retail
outlets working developed in partnership with
local producers. The existing market and plans for
its upgrading could form part of this approach.
Other niche areas such as fashion and other retail
categories could also be developed.
In addition to the plans which have already
been prepared a City Centre wide masterplan
and site specific policies or design briefs for
key development opportunity sites would
be beneficial in order to guide development
in an appropriate way. These masterplans
should identify appropriate land uses and key
development parameters.
Further analysis is required to define the
specific nature of the needs of the City and to
identify suitable locations which can strengthen
and reinforce existing shopping and leisure
destinations within the City while managing
pressures that these uses can bring in terms of
traffic generation and congestion.
The key to development in the City Centre will be
to respect and strengthen the existing urban form
in the City. The City Centre has well defined grid
street pattern, so new development should respect
this. New development should be focused at key
nodes. Large scale development at key nodes
such as public transport terminals will ensure that
development is served by public transport and can
help to create a ‘gateway’ feature, reinforcing the
sense of arrival at the City Centre.3
Transport improvements – The Plan de
Movilidad de Manizales identifies a number
of key objectives for transportation in the City
including: promoting modal choice in order to
improve quality of life and promote sustainable
modes of transport; encouraging public transport
and prioritising this over the care; enabling modal
integration, linking different modes of transport;
implementing a better parking management
system; reducing emissions and noise pollution;
and making efficient use of existing urban land so
as to reduce the need to expand the City.
The City Centre is congested at times with private
motor vehicles. It will be important to encourage
sustainable modes of transport in the City Centre.
The aim should be to make the City a walking and
cycle friendly city that gives priority to pedestrians
and cyclists over the motor vehicle. Walking can
be promoted by providing priority at crossings,
providing pedestrian routes where possible,
calming traffic speeds through shared surface
treatments or other measures, and greening
(through street tree planting and landscaping).
Cycling can be promoted through many of the
same measures, by segregating cycle traffic from
motor vehicles, by adequate provision of changing
facilities, lockers and secure parking at public
transport hubs and places of work.
40
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework The public transport system should be prioritised
over the private vehicle. The reliability, comfort
and ease of using the service should be improved,
through bus priority on key routes, improved
co-ordination and routing of services, better bus
stops and real time information.
Develop a parking management strategy, to
address the needs of the city while recognising
and encouraging a balanced approach which also
gives priority of public transport, pedestrians and
other users so that streets are not dominated by
vehicular traffic. Some of the components of such
a strategy may include focussing parking around
public transport nodes in key locations in the city
so that people can transfer to public transport,
reducing parking in some areas, exploring
charging options and enforcing on illegal parking
in the city centre.
Public realm and open space – There is a lack
of open space in the City in both quantitative and
qualitative terms. The City has a long term goal of
achieving 15 square metres of public open space
per inhabitant set out in the POT (Componente
General). The POT identifies that overall there
is currently only 2.82 sqm of open space per
inhabitant, the deficit varies across the city with
some comuna having as little as 0.32 sqm of
open space per inhabitant. The POT strategy for
meeting the deficient includes reforestation of
hillsides in the urban area. In the long term this
could increase the open space to 22 sqm per
inhabitant.
The City should develop a green grid approach
across the City. A green grid is a network of
interlinked, multifunctional and high quality open
spaces connecting town centres, public transport
hubs, major employment and residential areas
with the parks and open spaces, rivers and the
green urban fringe. This will allow all residents to
have access to open spaces of different sizes and
types. Some parts of the City will be deficient in
access to open space, so it will be important in
these areas to look at opportunities for greening
streets to link these areas with existing open
spaces elsewhere.
All residents should be within walking distance
of an open space. Providing an open space
network with a range of recreational functions
(such as sport, informal recreation, relaxation,
children’s play, public and cultural events) is a
key element in improving the quality of life for
the City’s residents. Opportunities for new open
spaces will be identified in areas that are currently
deficient in open space. New open space could
be delivered through setting aside some space on
redevelopment sites, conversion of underutilised
areas (such as parking lots), and more innovative
approaches such as green roofs, green walls and
sky gardens.
Public realm in the City is also in need of
improvement. Good public realm design can
assist with the legibility and usability of the City
Centre. There are a number of aspects that can be
improved. Streets should be ‘greened’ by planting
of street trees and landscaping. In key locations
the public realm should be improved with good
quality surface treatments and appropriately
placed and well designed street furniture such as
bins, seating and way finding signage, however
the public realm should avoid over use of street
furniture and signage to ensure that the spaces
can allow people to move freely and easily in the
way that they choose.
Examples of where these
approaches have worked
Reinvigorating the evening and cultural
economy – The City Centre has a evening
economy at present, although this is seen as a
problem, due to the activities that this brings
with it including gambling and other unsavoury
activities. However, if managed correctly the
evening economy can be a big attraction for
those considering living in the City Centre and
tourists and visitors to the City. The evening
economy should be appraised so that it is clear
how many establishments are located in the
City Centre, it will also be important to consider
and monitor where there may be problems with
these activities (crime or anti-social behaviour). A
range of measures such as better lighting, security
cameras and natural surveillance (through the repopulation of the City Centre) and more focused
policing and enforcement will help to improve
the perception of safety in the City Centre. The
range of activities on offer should be improved
and strive for a higher quality so that the City
Centre refocuses the evening economy to appeal
to a broader section of people. Encouraging the
development of cultural venues such as theatres,
cinemas or concert venues, with restaurants and
cafes will be allowed to cluster around these
areas. Other initiatives should include night food
markets and a programme of cultural events,
such as night fiestas and outdoor concerts. These
initiatives will draw a wider cross section of
people into the City Centre, and would improve
the perception of the area as a safe place to go
at night.
• East London Tech City ‘Silicon Roundabout’
– This is a cluster of technology firms and
universities and financial and professional
services providers which has grown in the
Shoreditch area of London. Close by are
a number of street and covered markets
which have stimulated the local retail
economy
• Birmingham jewellery quarter and Custard
Factory arts complex in Digbeth.
• Bristol – Cabot Circus and Gun Wharf Quays
• Liverpool, World Heritage site, night time
economy and higher education
• York historic centre and economic
development
• Guyaquil, Ecuador – public space provision
• Arequipa, Peru – conservation of historic
centre and promotion of the city for tourism
University Area
Context
The University area is a large corridor of institutional
uses that stretches from the eastern edge of the
City Centre, to the Baja Suiza in the east, the
area is spread across two districts Palogrande and
Estacion). The area accommodates five universities:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad
Autonoma de Manizales, Universidad Catolica de
Manizales, Universidad Luis Amigo, Universidad
de Caldas; and various other large institutions
including the University hospital, various colleges
and the Stadium Palogrande. The area also includes
residential accommodation, commercial, retail and
other uses.
The Universities specialise in a range of activities
including health sciences, technology, law, business
and engineering.
As the city has expanded this area has grown and
has developed functions which make the area
a secondary sub centre for the City in terms of
commercial activities which to some extent rival the
City Centre.
The Universities are a key employer, and also help
to support the wider economy as both students
and staff use the support services and facilities that
have built up in the area.
Vision
The University area will focus on its key role as
both an institutional hub and residential area.
Development in the area will complement the
City Centre activities and land uses rather than
competing with it. This means that the area
should provide services and facilities that are of a
scale and type that serve the district rather than
the City as a whole.
New development in the area will be controlled
to ensure that the area does not become over
developed in terms of the scale and density of the
built form and the intensity of land use.
Fig. 3.2 – Proposals and opportunities University Area
42
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework The area will build on the strengths of the
Universities to, drive economic growth in the
knowledge economy. Links between businesses
in the knowledge economy and the research and
development functions of the universities will be
broadened and deepened.
The area will provide a key role in providing for
the City wide needs for sports facilities and large
scale public open space.
Existing Proposals
The Baja Suiza area is identified as a development
area in the POT. This area is identified for integrated
urban public space, road projects, transportation
improvements and provision of community facilities.
Building on the commercial bulky goods retailing
and access improvements which have already been
completed the area will become a multifunctional
area with a mix of uses, where economic and
commercial projects are encouraged, housing will be
at height consistent with the City model. Baja Suiza
is located adjacent to an ecoparque which is an
environmentally sensitive area. The area has a high
slip threat and future development of the area will
include stabilization work and tree planting.
There are several areas in this part of the City that
are designated for Conservation Urbanistica in the
POT, this includes La Estrella, Belen, Palogrande,
Lleras and Versalles. These areas have specific
regulations for heights, overhangs and uses etc.
The key aim in these areas is to respect and conserve
the unity and typology of the area. For each area
there are various public space projects identified, one
project consist to all areas is the Linear Public Space
Project along Avenida Santander.
Our thoughts on proposals
Role of University area and land uses –
One of the key roles of the area is to accommodate
the universities and other key institutions, along
with the supporting facilities for the university. The
area should allow for any expansion plans that
the universities may have, such as new faculty
buildings or other supporting uses, such as student
accommodation and facilities. The City should
work with the universities to jointly meet the needs
of students, and should work with the universities
to develop a long term masterplans for each of the
university campuses to ensure that future growth
plans can be met within the area.
Economic role – Business initiatives and
development in the area should be focused
on linking with the research and development
functions of the university, with the aim of
growing the knowledge economy. Consider
developing innovation hub, and developing small
scale start up business premises.
Strengthen the district centre – The current
centre for the neighbourhood is at El Cable Plaza.
This should be the focus for new commercial, retail,
and leisure uses and other services that residents
require such as health centres etc. The K23 road
passes through the centre, this is a busy road and
one of the key roads into the city, measures should
be implemented to calm traffic on this road to make
the centre a more pedestrian friendly area and
improvements to provide a high quality public realm.
Based on the pattern of recent development activity
and growing congestion there could be a need
to explore revisions to the land use zoning and
controls to support the future development and
consolidation of the area as one of Manizales most
successful neighbourhoods. This could take the form
of amendments to the current planning approach
or a more comprehensive masterplan depending on
number and scale of opportunities for development
and the extent of changes envisaged.
Urban form – along with the strengthening of
the neighbourhood centre, local centres should be
developed within a 10 minute walking distance
of all residents. These local centres, should meet
the everyday needs of residents for shopping
and services. By encouraging this pattern of
development, the urban area will be a more
walking friendly environment and would reduce
the need to travel by car for everyday needs.
Controlling development – building parameters
for the area should avoid over development. High
density development should be focused around
the neighbourhood centre, with mid density
development around local centres.
Traffic – The K23 road is a major route through
the area, one of the key routes into the City.
Consider schemes to calm this, public transport
corridor, with bus priority, to reduce need for car
travel.
Integration of large institutional land uses
with surrounding areas – the area is dominated
by some large institutional uses that are largely
not well integrated with the surrounding urban
area. Consider the boundary treatments and links
through campus areas where possible so these
uses do not act as a barrier.
Role as sports and open space recreation
area – there are some existing areas of large open
space, the area can therefore play a role at a city
–regional scale for leisure and recreation. Large
open spaces should be accessible to the public,
and should have sufficient facilities, this would
include walking trails, sports facilities, picnic
areas and children’s play areas. Opportunities for
creating green links between open spaces should
be implemented, to promote walking and cycling
and therefore developing a healthy lifestyles.
Where there are existing sports facilities at
universities or colleges, consideration should given
to developing dual access arrangements, so that
the facilities can be used by members of the general
public when they are not being used by students.
44
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Zona Franca – La Nubia Corridor
Context
Existing Proposals
The Zona Franca is an industrial and commercial
area located to the east of the City on the main
route to Bogata.
The current proposals for the free zone include:
The free zone offers tax breaks
and customs incentives, to
those businesses that locate in
the free zone, with the aim of
promoting and incentivising
inward investment and job
growth in Manizales.
The free zone is located in an area of the City
that offers opportunity for further development
in future. With La Nubia Airport programmed
for closure once the new Palestina airport is
completed, there is potential for the area to
develop further to meet some of the City’s needs
for job growth.
Vision
The vision for the area is to develop a multi-sector
free zone that offers a high quality environment
that is attractive to high value businesses and
inward investors. As the free zone is built out,
opportunities for expansion of the free zone will
be considered.
La Nubia airport will be decommissioned once
the Palestina airport comes on stream. The site
will be redeveloped as a new mixed use area
including: a local centre, commercial use, homes,
and open space.
• 22 ha site with 15.6 ha for sale
• Plots of 500sqm upwards for industrial,
commercial or services warehouses.
• Offices for sale or rent
• Top quality public services – including data
networks and other utilities
• Landscaped area
• Businesses receive VAT exemptions, tariffs and
fees waived and other tax breaks
Create a high quality business environment
– the free zone will need to be of a high quality to
attract the most prestigious investors and businesses.
In addition to facilities and services that are
proposed for the free zone the following should be
provided within the free zone or in close proximity
to the free zone. This could either be in a second
phase of the free zone or at the redeveloped
airport site.
• Dedicated bus / public transport linking with
key public transport hubs – these would
include shuttle to the city centre and the new
Palestina airport
• Amenities – cafes/restaurants, leisure
(health club / gym), childcare / crèche, ATMs
or bank, shop
Infill and consolidation – in the free zone corridor
there is scope for further infill development and
consolidation of existing developed areas. The
opportunity is primarily related to the redevelopment
of La Nubia airport (see below), however other
opportunities should also be explored.
Developing the La Nubia airport – Once
the airport is vacated develop the site which is
approximately 30 ha as a new medium density
mixed use neighbourhood. This should be
integrated with the existing residential properties
to the north. It could include up to 1,500 homes, a
small local centre meeting local everyday shopping
and service needs a small commercial hub and a
local park. There could also be an opportunity for
further institutional/R&D uses or a business park
close to the existing university to bring daytime
activity to the area.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Fig. 3.2 – Proposals and opportunities La Nubia and Zona Franca Corridor
45
46
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Aeropuerto Del Cafe – Palestina Rosario expansion area
Context
The Aeropuerto del Café site is located 26km to the
west of Manizales City and 1.5km north of the town
of Palestina. Initial works to build embankments and
roads for the airport have already begun although is
currently on hold. The Café airport site is outside the
Manizales City boundary.
The Rosario area is 1 km to the east of the proposed
Café airport. The area is linked to the City by Route
50 and to the south Chinchina and Pereira are
accessed by Route 29. The area is largely agricultural
land with some existing housing. This is an area
identified in the POT as an 372 ha area for urban
expansion. However, Acuerdo No 633 identifies that
37.7ha will be developed for housing, delivering
a total of 2,640 private houses at a density of 70
dwellings per hectare.
Vision and current proposals
The vision and current proposals are to build an
airport with a runway length of 2,600 metres (and
increase this to 3,800m over time). The airport will
improve the air connections to the Caldas region
both nationally and internationally. The airport will
provide a more reliable service for passengers and air
freight businesses. The new airport will increase the
capacity of the area to exchange goods and services
with the rest of Colombia and internationally. The
airport will help to boost the tourist economy of
the coffee region World Heritage site as well as the
business economy of the City.
The proposals for the airport envisage a three
phase programme as follows:
• Phase 1 – develop a 1,460m runway –
30 month time frame
unspecified
unspecified
The Rosario area is identified as having the
potential to be a predominantly residential area,
accommodating some of the expansion needs
of the City. The residential uses will be supported
by commercial activities, services, institutional
and industrial land uses that are complementary
with the main residential purpose of the area. In
addition to the land set aside for residential uses
the Rosario area should be developed as a logistics
hub, to take advantage of the close proximity
to the Café airport. This would be of benefit to
the City region as it would help to provide jobs
opportunities for the residents of Manizales City
as well as residents in Palestina. It is unclear what
plans / proposals are in place at Rosario other than
what is described within the POT (as set out above).
At present the proposals for the airport and the
Rosario and Palestina area have been developed
in parallel rather than as mutually reinforcing
opportunities. In particular the potential economic
and commercial activities which would be attracted
to the Palestina-Rosario area do not appear to have
been recognised and considered within the 2007
POT which is a mixed opportunity.
The recommendations set out below would
enable the Palestina-Rosario area and Manizales
City region as a whole to fully capture the
development benefits which the airport could
bring and to conceive this rapidly growing part of
the region on a more integrated basis.
Improve integration between plans /
proposals for the Rosario area and Café
Airport – At present there does not seem to be
any clear links between what is planned at Rosario
and the plans for Café Airport. There is a need
for integration of the plans given the proximity of
Rosario to the airport site, including the surface
access plans for the airport and how this links to
Rosario, the City and the wider region. Transport
links to the City will need to be improved in terms
of both road and public transport.
Consideration needs to be given to the issues of
noise pollution and air quality that will arise from
the development of the airport, and the impacts
that this will have on the development at Palestina
and Rosario, these issues will need to be assessed,
considered and managed accordingly.
The development of both projects offers the
opportunity to co-ordinate the employment
opportunities that the airport offers with the
resident population that will be established
at Rosario. The planning for these areas
should consider the potential opportunity that
Rosario offers to provide land for industrial
and commercial development that is closely
linked to the activities of the airport (logistics
hub – see below, but potentially business hotels
and conferencing facilities). There will also be
a need to consider the infrastructure required
for both airport and Rosario (such as highways)
to ensure that they are appropriate to meet the
requirements of both. This will help to provide
a live work balance for the area, so that those
living in Rosario do not have to travel to the City
for work, and the airport does not have to draw
all the employees from the City and the wider
area. Inevitably there will be commuting to and
from the airport, but better integration of the two
projects could help to minimise this.
Develop a commercial heart of Palestina
– Chinchina area – the development of the
airport provides an opportunity for both the City
and the wider region. There is scope to develop
a commercial centre at the airport or in close
proximity to the airport. The airport will provide
a route to wider markets for the food processing
and wholesale markets that are already well
established in the area. However, there is also
scope to use the airport as a way of developing a
more commercial centre for the area. This centre
would include offices, hotel and conference
facilities, retail and other services, all within close
proximity to the airport.
Develop a logistics hub – there is potential to
develop a logistics and light manufacturing hub at
Rosario. The development of a logistics led cluster
in this location close to the airport could help to
improve the viability of the airport as a cargo and
freight terminal and would help the City region’s
economy to grow, by providing jobs both directly
and supporting jobs indirectly. The logistics hub
would be an industrial area that would include
warehouse and office support premises for a
range of organisations such the logistics arms of
enterprises, third-party logistics services providers,
distribution companies, and freight carriers. There
could also be scope to provide some of the airport
support services (such as aircraft maintenance)
and other uses such light manufacturing should
also be encouraged to locate in the area.
Develop the Rosario neighbourhood – The
plans for Rosario should ensure that the Rosario is
a self sustaining area. Given the distance of Rosario
from the City and other local service centres,
services and facilities (school, health care facilities,
shops, services and entertainment etc) will need
to be provided that will meet the needs of the
new resident community. These services should be
provided within the neighbourhood centre, which
should be easily accessible to all the community.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Examples of where this has worked
Logistics Hub UK Doncaster –
Dublin International Airport –
Centred on Doncaster and the Sheffield City
Region, is a major logistics and distribution hub at
the geographical centre of the United Kingdom.
Selected by leading companies including Asda/
Walmart, BMW and Amazon for National and
Regional Distribution Centres, and with close
proximity to the UK’s manufacturing heartlands.
Transport links to the hub are excellent which
include passenger and freight rail, direct access
to the motorway network, and Doncaster
Sheffield Airport. The is air cargo hub that
specialises in a number of unique sectors
including, just in time manufacturing and
pharmaceuticals. Doncaster is not one of the
largest UK cities and has established this hub
in 2005 following the conversion of a former
military airfield.
An airport city master plan was drawn up and
officially unveiled by Irish Prime Minister, Bertie
Ahern in April 2008.
http://www.logisticshubuk.com/p/fastmarket-access.html?FastMarketAccess
The creation of a 700,000sqm office, retail,
hotel and high-tech zone to provide a new
economic hub for Ireland, constituting a
world-class ‘smart’ economic zone focused
on attracting the next generation of FDI in
partnership with the Industrial Development
Authority (IDA) and other state agencies.
Located on over 140 hectares of land to the east
of the airport, Dublin Airport City (DAC) includes
500,000sqm of office space that will provide
20% of Dublin’s annual uptake of office space
when fully developed, as well as a high-tech R&D
space designed to attract big name international
firms such as Chevron GE and Unilever and will
draw in new foreign investment.
At the centre of the development is the
250,000sqm International Cleantech Services
Centre (ICSC), designed to house next
generation companies that conceive, research,
prototype, sell and distribute newly emerging
clean technologies and services.
From catering to front office, R&D to niche
industrial and manufacturing operations, it is
hoped that global Cleantech players such as
Siemens, Veolia, GE and Intel will be encouraged
to locate at the ICSC due to a host of benefits,
including highly attractive R&D, IP and tax regimes,
within a high-skills, knowledge-based economy.
Fig. 3.4 – Plans and opportunities Palestina - Rosario
47
48
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Kilometer 41 Expansion Area
Context
Sustainable neighbourhood
Kilometer 41 is a designated development
zone 41kms North West of Manizales. It is a
strategically important project and will play an
important role in meeting some of the housing
needs of the south central sub region as a whole
region. Its geography and flat topography allows
for relatively straightforward urban expansion.
There is an opportunity for Km 41 to become
an exemplar Eco community and demonstration
project for the whole city as proposals are
understood to have reached a relatively early stage
of planning. The shortfall in existing infrastructure
and the location of the site mean that an
innovative approach may be needed to service
the site and make sure that potential risks are
addressed (for example flooding from the River.
A useful guide to what constitutes a sustainable
neighbourhood, was developed by the Joseph
Rowntree Foundation in the UK:
•
Use the planning system to deliver
sustainable results
•
Vision
The vision for Km 41 is for a mixed use residential
led community that benefits from its location
close to Manizales as well as benefitting from its
location on the corridor linking with Medellin to
the North.
Existing Proposals
The current proposals for Km41 include the
strengthening of existing and provision of new
infrastructure – sewerage and water distribution,
energy supply and distribution, roads and
drainage so that the area can be developed
in an integrated manner. It is understood that
the community itself will include a significant
allocation of land for new housing including VIS
housing, as well as a scale of public services and
facilities, commercial space and leisure relating to
the future resident population.
Planning can set the context and objectives for
Km41, outlining the key criteria against which
development options can be considered. In setting
planning and performance criteria for Km41 the
city should demonstrate sufficient evidence of the
circumstances warranting this, focusing on specific
local opportunities and constraints. An evidence
base can be developed detailing how sustainable
criteria can be achieved without placing undue
burden on private and public sector projects.
Naturally the evidence base should inform policies
and criteria for Km41 which are appropriate to local
conditions, are technically and financially viable.
A sustainable design and construction framework
linked to policy can ensure development in Km41
satisfies good design practice and contributes to the
vision for its urban development into a sustainable
town. Such a document will clearly set out the
Km 41 vision and how sustainable development is
expected to be supported, this will also help avoid
unplanned developments and sprawl.
•
•
•
has a wide choice of housing and facilities
to ensure long-term value and to create
a balanced community over time. A
neighbourhood with some common facilities
requires a minimum of between 500 and
1,000 units, with homes catering for a range
of incomes and ages;
is well connected to jobs and services by foot
and bike as well as by other modes of transport
in order to cut travel time and costs. Creating
connectivity (so that people do not have to
depend on their cars and can be economically
active) requires a location on a transport corridor
or close to a town or city centre;
has places of different character that appeal
to different markets. Creating character or a
sense of place requires a minimum density
of 30 units per hectare, as in garden cities
(Alexander 2009). Higher densities can
support better infrastructure but call for
higher quality design;
is designed to save resources and ensure that
neighbourhoods are well looked after, and
do not ‘cost the earth’. Climate-prooﬁng
a development will include provision of
green and blue infrastructure to project
and enhance biodiversity and reduce
environmental impact, as well as measures to
save energy and reduce carbon emissions
beneﬁts from hands-on management and
long-term stewardship by responsible local
organisations, such as housing associations,
development trusts, community organisations,
both during development and after residents
have moved in.
The elements of a sustainable neighbourhood
vary according to the local context, for KM41
priorities might include a convenient spatial
layout to prevent car dependency, low carbon
buildings, attractive design and high quality public
realm, food growing spaces, local retail and public
services and facilities, space for street markets,
waste management facilities, and public art.
Governance and community participation are vital
components of the sustainable community. The
development of KM41 would ideally incorporate
a participatory planning approach where the
needs of local people are the focus for design
they are placed at the centre of the decision
making processes.
Social inclusion – In addition to public participation
throughout the design and development process
the range of services and housing opportunities
have to suit different incomes.
Tourism – KM41’s location may offer itself as a
local base for tourists wishing to access adventure
activities and the areas beautiful surroundings.
Furthermore, if developed as an exemplar
sustainable neighborhood this will attract field
visits from those wishing to replicate such a
project. Therefore basic accommodation and
services should be available to visitors.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework The findings of studies of European sustainable
neighbourhoods identified six success factors that
are relevant to KM41:
1. Connectivity – walkable spatial layout with
good connectivity to other urban settlements
2. Community – balanced population, with mix
of housing type. Social housing should account
for no more than 30%. Participatory planning
works and long term stewardship essential.
3. Climate-proofing – establish clear and
ambitious carbon reduction targets. Use green
and blue infrastructure to ensure homes are
future-proofed
4. Character – create comfortable and appealing
spaces that enhance landscape character
5. Collaboration – built multidisciplinary teams
in local authorities, set up accountable local
delivery vehicles, develop strong masterplans
and design guidance
6. Cashflow – fund infrastructure from the
outset separately from housing budget.
Reimburse landowners out of sale proceeds,
share costs of masterplan to reduce risks.
The next stage to take forward proposals could
be the preparation of a masterplan and delivery
strategy for the site to enable the proposals to be
taken forward in a sustainable manner.
Fig. 3.5 – Plans and opportunities Km41
49
50
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Examples
Many examples exist of sustainable neighbourhoods, those considered successful have a diversity of land uses and set challenging performance targets from the outset.
Coed Darcy – Spanning more than 1,000
acres, Coed Darcy is one of the most significant
regeneration projects currently underway
in Wales. There will be 4,000 traditionallystyled Welsh homes, for 10,000 residents.
Development will include retail, leisure, sports
and community facilities and acres of green
open space. The first phase of development
included a range of commercial space which
was successfully filled. In total the development
will host more than 4,000 new job opportunities
locally. The overall scheme will have an economic
impact of over £1 billion for the local area.
Bognor Regis Eco Quarter – Plans for this
expansion area to this south coast town include
provision of a number of innovative features
including sustainable urban drainage systems
and habitat area reflecting the sensitive location
of the site close to a marshland area and the
coast which is vulnerable to climate change risks
relating to flooding. The community includes an
urban agriculture project so that the landscape
of the community remains productive. The
model of social facilities provision also enables
shared use of education buildings for sport and
recreation facilities. The area is serviced by its own
neighbourhood centre which includes provision
for local employment. The profile of community
is to include a mix of market and social housing
planned in harmony so that the proposals are
socially cohesive as well as viable economically.
Hammarby Sjostad – is an urban extension
project in Stockholm Sweden, an exemplar
initiative with 10,000 homes featuring an
innovative sustainable energy, water and waste
system. It’s success is attributed to the partnership
model created for the project which enabled
rapid development, unlocking funding from early
occupation to support future phases of work.
Parcels of development were led by different
developers working with an overarching design
code, this reduced project risk and introduced
a diversity of built form that appealed to the
market. Buildings were fabricated off-site which
helped minimise waste and maintain building
performance standards. The partnership approach
to development meant the private sector was not
relied upon for getting early infrastructure in place
and sales rates did not drive the speed of the build.
Rural and Tourism
Context
Vision
The Manizales City Region is rich in cultural
heritage, biodiversity and geography and has
enormous potential to benefit from Colombia’s
growing tourism sector and national marketing
initiatives such as the ProExport ‘Colombia,
Magical Realism’ campaign. There is significant
potential to establish a nationally and
internationally recognised eco-tourism sector as
well as significantly growing the visitor economy
across a number of other product and segments
addressing the Colombian domestic market as
well as regional and international markets.
The vision for Manizales City Region tourism
is to develop a domestic and internationally
recognised destination for eco-tourism. Several
projects, including alpine activities, thermal spas
and bird watching have already been planned.
Bringing these projects together within a coherent
sustainable tourism strategy and identifying
additional investment considered essential to
attract visitors and maintain high standards is
important for the sector. Tourism can improve the
quality of life of citizens, generate new business
opportunities, safeguard and enhance cultural
heritage and ecosystems.
With the completion of the Café Airport it
is essential the region’s tourism strategy is
integrated, innovative and adheres to principles
of strong sustainability to protect and enhance
the region’s ecosystems, cultural heritage and
livelihoods. A coherent approach to tourism
recognises cooperation between local business,
local people, public realm and tourism attractions.
The tourism opportunities relating to the urban
area of Manizales are covered elsewhere in this
report The main focus of this section is on the
opportunities relating to the rural Municipios.
The existing rural townships and settlements
within the south central region require significant
improvement to infrastructure and public services
to address the needs of the existing population.
Sewerage, ICT and transport networks all need
investment and should form a coordinated rural
strategy that defines a clear vision for the rural
economy across Neira, Palestina, Chinchina and
Villa Maria as well as rural Manizales. Tourism
can play a major part in improving conditions and
providing socio economic opportunities for the
rural population as well as enabling diversification
and an additional source of income in addition to
the predominant agricultural focus at present.
Manizales Eco-tourism can offer visitors a diverse
range of activities that immerse tourists in its
unique natural and cultural assets – paramo forest,
mountain range, rivers, coffee culture, adventure
sports and wellness retreats. The benefits of a
successful tourism strategy can spread to rural towns
and villages, ensuring they can derive economic and
social benefit from the sector. Improvements to rural
services and infrastructure will also help to meet
quality of life objectives and reduce risks related to
natural disasters in the Region.
A successful tourism strategy will set out how the
Manizales City Region can make the transition to
a recognised tourist destination. It will outline how
the region can market itself as a domestic and
international destination, and how essential services,
attractions and projected growth will benefit the
local population and tourists. The tourism strategy
should include an investment framework capturing
projects, initiatives and programmes; a tourism
management plan covering environmental quality,
amenities and urban services, place branding,
marketing and promotion, visitor management and
experience. The negative effects of tourism must
also be acknowledged and mitigated.
There could be an opportunity for the central
south region to establish a key attraction which
would link with the eco tourism theme and
provide an anchor to draw in visitors. Projects such
as the Eden project in the UK have developed as a
major visitor attraction for educational and family
visits as well as having a strong environmental
message.Existing best practice both from within
Colombia and other regional leaders in Eco
tourism such as Costa Rica could also inform the
approach and strategy for the area.
Existing Proposals
The current proposals for the tourism sector include:
•
•
•
•
•
A new airport to attract international visitors
New thermal spas and hotels
Development of eco parks
Bird watching observatories
City centre regeneration
While providing a good starting point it is not
clear that the initiatives planned at present will
be sufficient to lead to a transformational change
or conserve natural and cultural assets and make
the most of the tourism potential of Manizales
and the wider south central region and could be
added to.
City centre regeneration provides a safe
destination – The city centre’s cultural heritage
and street life has the potential to draw visitors by
offering a safe and convenient base. Investing in the
city’s built heritage will help to attract business back
to the area and grow its reputation with tourists.
The city centre’s infrastructure, transport, safety
and security, quality of life, cultural heritage and
future development are characteristics that will
determine its success as a tourist destination.
Providing a range of accommodation for different
budgets in a safe and exciting city should be
a priority. The city centre has the potential to
become a major focus of the visitor economy
for the region as a whole and, as experienced in
other cities, can support preservation of historic
neighbourhoods. Business tourism is responsible
for a significant proportion of the visits to
Colombia’s cities from overseas tourists, followed
by backpackers. If Manizales can position itself
as a desirable place for business and offers
comfortable accommodation this will provide a
basis for stimulating further growth. Colombia
also has one of the fastest growing markets
globally for domestic and regional tourism based
upon rising incomes and the growing middle
class. This is evidenced in the rapid growth in
domestic and international air travel.
52
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Eco-tourism – Activities and tours can take
advantage of the City Region’s geographic
diversity and Colombia’s position as one of the
‘megadiverse’ countries. Adventure, nature,
leisure, cultural, educational and mountain
tours would position Manizales as an exciting
destination.
Eco tourism is defined by The International
Ecotourism Society as ‘responsible travel to
natural areas that conserves the environment
and improves the wellbeing of local people’. It
is about uniting conservation, communities and
sustainable travel. Ecotourism’s principles offer a
sensible basis for the Manizales City Region:
• Minimize impact.
• Build environmental and cultural awareness
and respect.
• Provide positive experiences for both visitors
and hosts.
• Provide direct financial benefits for
conservation.
• Provide financial benefits and empowerment
for local people.
• Raise sensitivity to host countries’ political,
environmental, and social climate.
Worldwide Colombia ranks first in bird and orchid
species diversity and second in plants, butterflies
and freshwater fish and amphibians; this
impressive variety of ecosystems has the potential
to draw in tourists that wish to contribute to
conservation and protection efforts. Initiatives
should learn from lessons to ensure ‘voluntourism’
doesn’t become an exercise in serving the egos
of visitors rather than benefitting local people.
The UNESCO World Heritage designated Coffee
Cultural Landscape of Colombia extends into the
Manizales City Region, the area is a best practice
example of sustainable tourism management.
It is not clear whether a World Heritage site
Management Plan has been developed for the
Coffee Landscape World Heritage site. Proposals
for the City region can help to implement any
existing initiatives which are identified as well as
identify any complementary initiatives which can
link with the objectives and values of the Coffee
landscape region and its protected area status.
There is an opportunity to develop a strategy for
the eco tourism segment which links the coffee
region, national parks close to Manizales as
well as other rural and protected areas so that
the tourism offer is more than the sum of its
individual parts.
Adventure tourism – is a growing industry
capable of attracting domestic and international
visitors. Visitors look for a wide choice of activities
where they can immerse themselves in the local
culture and nature. Examples include rafting,
jungle trekking, mountain biking, wildlife/eco
retreats and spas, bird watching and nature
trails, via ferratas and tree top walks, paragliding,
extreme sports (bungy-jumping, canyon swinging
etc). The success of established adventure tourism
destinations in New Zealand and Canada for
example, is based on well-regulated diverse
service providers offering activities for a range of
budgets and durations of stay, easily accessible
from a convenient base.
The Region’s volcanic geology provides tourism
opportunities, such as thermal spas, which feature
in future current investment plans. Consideration
should be given to how these features can be
marketed more coherently both inside and
outside of the designated national park
Supporting the Rural Economy – Rural areas
are predominantly agricultural and subject to
geographical constraints that limit opportunities
for scaling up agricultural production. These
limitations highlight the need for diversification
opportunities. Eco-tourism has great potential
for stimulating the rural economy, for example
through home stays and agri-tourism, volunteer
tourism, establishing adventure sports, ecoretreats and other activities where visitors seek to
escape the city.
The planned upgrading of rural public services
and infrastructure is an opportunity for
showcasing best practice in ecosystem based
adaptation and connecting dislocated rural
communities using surfaced roads and ICT.
A successful project in the El Choco region of
Colombia focuses on tourism training, a hotel and
training centre was set up by the Mano Cambiada
Organisation so local people could learning about
the hospitality sector. In common with other
rural parts of Colombia the local community
is concerned about sanitation, water quality,
food security and ecology, the hotel initiative
demonstrates how tourism can provide a platform
for addressing these issues at a local scale.
How proposals could be implemented and
suggested way forward.
To develop plans for tourism there is a need for
more detailed analysis of the potential of the
region as well as the development of plans for
individual projects. The components of a tourism
strategy should include the following:
• Review tourism sector. Baseline information
on current visitor demand, activity and
economic contribution. Review of current
tourist operations, marketing and PR activity
• Evaluate the visitor offering. Assess the
current attractions – culture, heritage,
public realm, room availability and diversity,
mobility, conference facilities, existing tourist
experience and survey of conditions and
quality of service. Examine local infrastructure
needs and services
• Analyse the future of Manizales City Region
tourism. Assess future demand, current
capacity of tourism sector, identify obstacles
and risks to tourism.
• Develop the vision. Select branding and
marketing, identify key investment priorities.
• Develop coherent tourism strategy. Tourism
Management Plan, Tourism Investment
Framework, Action Plan.
• For the rural area more generally the UN
Habitat project for the South Central region
has initiated a project which has considered the
needs and priorities of the rural Municipios and
identified a small number of priority projects to
address a number of cross boundary issues and
priority where co-operation is needed between
the Municipios.
A next step would be to develop more detailed
plans for the other priorities which have been
identified so that all settlements are provided with
adequate infrastructure and are not vulnerable
subject to significant environmental risks from
flooding, landslides or seismic hazards.
Key questions
• How can the Environmental Action plan
proposals and management of natural and
cultural assets of the region be improved?
• How can the tourism of the region be
further enhanced?
• How can infrastructure and service
provision gaps of rural areas be addressed?
Case study: Liverpool
Liverpool is a popular city break destination
capitalising on its heritage as the birthplace of
the Beatles with numerous theatres, museums
and art galleries and the regeneration of the
Albert Dock with its busy nightlife.
Case study: Lake District
The Lake District is recognised worldwide as
one of the most appealing tourist destinations
in the UK. It is home to England’s largest
National Park occupying 855 square miles and
containing 6 national nature reserves, 16 lakes,
150 mountains, over 50 dales, around 100
sites of special scientific interest and more than
40 towns and villages. Activities include over
1,800 miles of well-signed footpaths for hiking,
climbing, cycling, off-roading, fishing, boating
(steamer cruises, e.g. at Windermere, Ullswater,
Derwent Water and Coniston); waterskiing, etc.
Section. 4
Implementation proposals
56
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework City Centre Regeneration – Implementation
Scope
Regeneration of the City Centre will require a City centre strategy in order to integrate the objectives
of the various strategies and planning document that the City currently has in place along with the
proposals that we have put forward in early sections of this development framework. The initiatives are
summarised in the table below.
City centre strategy
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
City centre
masterplan
Integrated framework, formally adopted
and linking to POT
The plan would be focused
on providing a comprehensive
framework for the city centre and
address gaps.
Consultation with stakeholders and the
public
Retail and leisure
assessment and
strategy
Define Retail opportunities
Speciality retail options
Markets
Hotels and accommodation
This would help the city to assess
the needs and opportunities of
retail and leisure opportunities
and associated economic benefits
for employment and the visitor
economy.
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Public Realm
Strategy
Streetscape audit
Produce a public realm design
guide to link with the financing
and delivery mechanisms for
green spaces identified elsewhere
in this section of the report.
Provide a consistent and high quality finish
to the streets and urban spaces.
Improve pedestrian and cycle routes and
connectivity.
Circulation
and parking
management
Assessing existing cultural assets
Develop a cultural programme
Develop initiatives to cultivate the creative
industries sector
Heritage
regeneration
initiative and visitor
management
Develop heritage trails around the City
Introduce tourist guides
Provide heritage interpretation facilities
Finance initiative – co-funding
Employment
strategy and
affordable
workspace
provision
Develop an understand of the premises
requirements of businesses
This would provide an approach
to developing the cultural assets
of the city and introducing new
projects and initiatives and how
they could be stimulated.
This would provide an approach
to developing the heritage
assets of the city as well as
additional financing and delivery
mechanisms.
This would quantify the potential
and develop a detailed strategy
for delivering affordable
Define an incentives package for businesses
workspace in the city centre.
Provide start up incubator units
Develop bus priority options
Consider scope for multi-modal transport hubs
These initiatives would
compliment and take forward the
Plan de Movilidad.
Develop Better parking management
Key sites delivery
strategy
Identification of opportunities
Development briefs – Land use/mixed use
zoning proposals
Applying the proposed approach
suggested in separate initiative to
all of the city centre sites.
Viability assessment
Delivery mechanisms
Design and
implementation
Develop designs for proposed streets,
junctions and urban spaces.
Develop design improvements to existing
streets, junctions and urban spaces.
Leisure and evening economy
Cultural/arts
quarter
Public realm design guidance report.
Provide written specifications and detail
design tender packages to contractors for
all implementation work.
Provide site supervision to implementation
work.
Management and
maintenance
Produce public realm maintenance plans for
all streets, junctions and urban spaces.
Produce management and
maintenance plans.
Produce public realm management plans
for all existing and proposed streets,
junctions and urban spaces.
City Centre
Management
Approach
City centre manager
Business involvement
Branding
Events
This would highlight the range
of soft side capacity building and
supporting initiatives which may
be required which may focused
around a city centre management
or business improvement district
approach.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework In order to achieve the actions identified in City
Centre strategy there is a need to develop an
appropriate delivery body to ensure that the
plans and proposals identified in the strategy are
implemented.
In order for the chosen delivery body to be
efficient and successful in its mission, it needs to
have clearly defined powers and functions as well
as the authority and legal power to implement its
plans. Its main objectives would be to enable the
delivery of projects, acting as co-ordinator and
broker of deals and also to claw back from the
private sector part of the public sector investment
in infrastructure.
The delivery body would be area specific, with
the aim of co-ordinating new developments
within the City Centre, and helping to facilitate
the delivery of infrastructure. By adopting an
area based masterplan that brings together the
aims and objectives from the various planning
strategies and documents that the City has
developed, this will help to co-ordinate land
use and infrastructure planning and will aid the
delivery of projects.
The delivery body will need to work within the
legal framework of Colombia it will also need to
consider a variety of issues outlined below:
Infrastructure investment – timely delivery
of infrastructure will be a key function of any
delivery body, as this enables development
projects to go ahead, where they would
otherwise stall due to lack of infrastructure. A
delivery body could help create serviced plots that
are ready to develop, or could provide strategic
infrastructure that serves a wider area. Funds
could come from government, project proceeds,
private sector or through developer contributions.
Land ownership – delivery bodies can acquire
land, or an interest in new developments. Land
can be acquired in order to deliver infrastructure,
and then be sold or rented to recoup the costs of
infrastructure provision.
Financial – In general, new developments can be
financed by equity investment, debt borrowing,
government grants and private investors. If the
delivery body follows a public / private model it
will be important to ensure that the delivery body
operates at ‘arms length’ from Government.
Incentives – In order to attract the interest,
participation and investment of the private sector,
the delivery body will need to offer meaningful
incentives to land owners, developers and
investors. The creation of Enterprise Zones has
been used successfully in many parts of the
world to encourage foreign investment and
development. This is achieved through a range
of incentives mainly revolving around tax relief,
financial assistance and relaxation of planning and
development requirements.
Area specific – the delivery body will need to
operate within a clearly defined geographical area,
to ensure that there is no ambiguity regarding
responsibilities.
Timeframes – delivery bodies are usually set up
to operate within a limited time period, typically
5-10 years. This helps to focus attention and
avoid delays. Having a clearly defined timeframe
in place can also act as an incentive to investment.
Leadership – Whilst effective partnerships will be
critical to the success of any regeneration delivery
body, strong and influential leadership will be
of equal importance. This will require the early
identification not only of the most appropriate
lead body but also an effective figure head with
a proven track record in project delivery and the
ability to work closely with and influence key
decision makers.
Legal – The proposed body which is established
would need to have a clearly defined legal status
as well as the legal power to fulfil its role. It needs
to comply with Colombian law. The necessary
range of statutory powers would need to be put
in place including land assembly and the raising of
necessary finance, and most likely combining the
powers of various agencies.
Exit Strategy – In general, after the completion
of a project, the provided infrastructure (electricity,
water, sewerage etc) would become the property
of the relevant state-owned utility company which
would be responsible for its maintenance and
operation. The residential or commercial element
of the development would primarily be owned by
the private sector. The creation of special purpose
vehicles (SPVs) relating to specific large projects
can not only protect the delivery body and the
public sector in general from exposure to projectrelated risks but they can be useful in terms of
disposal / exit as SPVs can either be sold off to the
private sector or be dissolved after the fulfilment
of their objectives.
Skills – The delivery body will require members
of staff with a varied skill set including real estate,
legal, finance, project management and planning.
There may be a need to seek external advice.
Relationship with other agencies – The
proposed delivery body will need to maintain
close relationships with all other agencies and
organisations that share a stake in supporting
infrastructure and development.
The potential delivery body could take one of
various forms including an urban regeneration
company, urban development corporation, or city
development company. Other mechanisms and
proposals include the establishment of a business
improvement district (BID), or the implementation
of City Centre management. The table below sets
out the each of the potential delivery mechanisms
and a case study for each.
57
58
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Delivery Mechanism
Case Study
Urban regeneration company (URCs) –
Gloucester Heritage Are established by City authorities as standalone
The Gloucestershire Heritage URC was established
companies, the board of the company will
in 2004 to help create prosperity and bring life
include local stakeholders such as businesses and back to many historic areas of Gloucester. Key
community groups. They are usually established
partners are English Partnerships, South West
for a fixed term of 10-15 years. The principle aim England RDA, Gloucester City Council and
of the URC is to engage the private sector in the
Gloucestershire County Council. Various private
delivery of physical regeneration of a defined area sector partners are on the board of the URC. The
(such as the City Centre) and deliver projects in
URC identified four development areas including
line with a strategic framework or masterplan.
the Historic City Centre and prepared masterplans
URCs do not have separate resources or statutory for these areas. The URC aimed to regenerate 40
powers other than those already possessed by the ha of brownfield land, repair and reuse 82 historic
partners. They do not hold land assets or deliver
buildings, build 3,500 new homes, create 2,000
capital projects directly, instead they co-ordinate
new jobs and includes retail development and a
delivery through their partners. They do not have new college campus. The Gloucester Docks and
their own budget and rely on existing agencies
Quays area has been transformed over the past
for core revenue and project funding. The benefit seven years, with the investment of more than
£300 million, and nearly £700 million pounds has
of the URC is that they have clarity of purpose,
they have the ability to plan proactively, they have been invested in the wider area.
clear lines of responsibility and are accountable.
Urban Development Corporation (UDCs) –
Are limited life bodies, set up to secure the
regeneration of their designated areas. They are
public bodies that are financed through central
government, and generally have a lifetime
of 7-10 years. The purpose of the UDC is to
bring land and buildings back into effective
use, encourage the development of existing
and new industry and commerce and create an
attractive environment and ensure that housing
and social facilities are available to encourage
people to live and work in the area. UDCs have
been used where the scale of land assembly and
site preparation and coordination of partners is
complex and the additional powers that UDCs
have become necessary. UDCs can acquire,
hold, manage, reclaim and dispose of land and
property. UDCs also assume planning powers for
their area for strategic applications.
Delivery Mechanism
Case Study
City development companies –
Are city or city-region wide economic development
companies which are formed to drive forward
economic growth and regeneration. They are
independent companies, that operate on a not for
profit basis. Local authorities are represented on
the board along with private sector, community
representation, and other agencies responsible for
regional development. They use similar models to
URCs, however they have greater geographical
coverage and a broader range of functions. The
CDCs do not engage in direct delivery of capital
projects. They are intended to co-ordinate delivery
though their partners and the use of compulsory
purchase powers.
Plymouth CDC – made up of representatives
from Plymouth City Council, the South West
Development Agency, English Partnerships and
the private sector. The Company will develop
a programme for economic and regeneration
activities; develop and manage arrangements to
deliver business growth and inward investment,
prioritise and promote inward investment in
infrastructure. The CDC aims to regenerate the
whole City but with a focus on the waterfront.
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) –
Are defined areas within which businesses pay an
additional tax (or levy) in order to fund projects
within the district’s boundaries. BIDs can provide
services (supplementing those already provided
by the City), undertake capital projects, and can
develop marketing for the area. Bids can be run
on a not for profit basis or by an arms length
government entity. BID boards are made up of
businesses and local authority representatives.
Victoria BID – is a business-led and business
funded body formed to improve the Victoria area,
it covers the area around Victoria station. The BID
has a dedicated crime prevention police officer,
164 businesses are radio linked to the police
officer, crime prevention leaflets and surgeries
have been held leading to 26.5% reduction
in crime. The BID has delivered environmental
improvements dealing with environment
incidents, creating two new gardens, tree
planting and hiring a resident falconer to assist
in controlling pigeons. The area has been made
more welcoming through new signage that has
been installed and hiring street ambassadors
(who greet and assist people to find their way
around the area) numerous public events have
been held attracting 300,000 visitors in total. The
BID has assisted the local economy by developing
a privilege card system that rewards frequent
patrons of local businesses, the BID has also
helped to fill job vacancies, and has created
branding and raised press awareness of the area.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Delivery Mechanism
Case Study
City Centre Management – is a co-ordinated
pro-active initiative designed to ensure that
town and city centres are desirable and attractive
places. In nearly all instances the initiative is a
partnership between the public and private
sectors and brings together a wide-range
of key interests. Many town and city centre
management initiatives initially are focused on
resolving environmental, security or marketing
problems. Many then evolve to have a far
wider remit. Town and city centre management
initiatives are able to develop, or support the
development of, a widely-adopted vision and
strategy for the centre. Successful strategies are
broad-ranging in approach, typically covering
the development of what the centre has to offer
to attract people and investment, transport and
access, environmental quality and security, and
the mechanisms and actions needed to achieve
the vision. Detailed Action Plans identify how the
strategy is to be delivered and the partnership
acts as the driving force in ensuring that delivery
takes place.
Town Centre Management – Bournemouth
Quality Nights Initiative – The explosion of the
licensed trade in the 1990s led to a significant
deterioration to the image and perception of
Bournemouth. To tackle this issue a strong
partnership between public and private sectors
was built, tasked to consider every aspect of
the operation of the town at night and its
future development. Now in its sixth year the
partnership has started to reverse the negative
perceptions and is building a quality image of the
town, with benefits for all stakeholders as a result
of a growing and successful night time economy
Points for discussion
• Are all of the proposals suggested relevant
to Manizales?
• Which mechanisms might be most
appropriate?
• Which are the highest priorities?
• Which stakeholders could be bought on
board to create a successful approach?
• Is there anything else which should be
included?
59
60
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework BOSQUES DEL NORTE
Green Infrastructure – Implementation
SOLFERINO
CHIPRE
Scope
ASIS
CAMPOHERMOSO
An important objective of the POT and Public
Spaces Masterplan is to improve the liveability of
the City. Liveability can be achieved in many ways
but one of the most important aspects of quality
MORROGACHO
of life is access to open spaces and the natural
environment, and providing a good quality public
LAS AMERICAS
realm. It is proposed that the concept of a green
grid for the City, is developed this will help to
create a network of interlinked, multifunctional
and high quality open spaces connecting town
centres, public transport hubs, major employment
LOS AGUSTINOS
and residential areas with the parks and open
spaces, rivers and the green urban fringe.
CORINTO
AVANZADA
ASIS
COLON
ALTOS DE CAPRI
SAN IGNACIOGALAN
EL CARIBE
SAN JOSE
ESTRADA
QUEBRADA OLIVARES
VILLA JULIA
SANTA HELENA
CENTRO
PERALONSO
EL PORVENIR
VILLAHERMOSA- La Playa
LOS CEDROS
JESUS. B. ESPERANZA
EL SOL
SAN JORGE
VELEZ
NEVADO
VILLAHERMOSA- La Playa
LA ARGENTINA
LA LEONORA
LLERAS
Fundadores
LOS ROSALES
COLOMBIA
EL CAMPIN
PRADO
VILLACARMENZA
ARRAYANES
LA CAROLA
LA ASUNCION
LA FRANCIA
Open spaces and natural areas have a significant
FUNDADORES
role to play in climate change adaptation, for
example for urban cooling and flood water
SAN ANTONIO SAN JOAQUIN
storage. This importance of this role will
increase
in future as the impacts of climate
LOS ALCAZARES
CAMPOAMOR
change intensify. To co-ordinate initiatives
on
CASTELLANA
URIBE
PIP 12
EL BOSQUE - Bosconia
liveability and the green grid it is recommended
CERVANTES
that a strategy is developed. The initiatives are
20 DE JULIOMARMATO
summarised in the table below.
SINAI
COMUNEROS
FANNY GONZALEZ
DELICIAS
NOGALES
SAN CAYETANO
VERSALLES
PIP 10
BELEN
BAJO PRADO
GONZALEZ
ARBOLEDA
LA RAMBLA
LA ESTRELLA
EL CARMEN
GUAMAL
PALOGRANDE
PERSIA
CENTENARIO
LAURE
BETANIA
EL PARAISO
GUAYACANES
PANORAMA
CAMILO TORRES
KENNEDY
FATIMA
Fig.X – Existing green infrastructure proposals.
ESTAMBUL- Multifamiliar
VIVIENDA POPULAR
PALERMO
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Liveability and green grid strategy – Overview
Initiative
Description
Green grid
strategy
•
•
Integrated framework, formally adopted and linking to POT
Consultation with stakeholders and the public
Green grid audit
•
•
•
Audit and map existing green infrastructure assets
Assess quality and function of existing green infrastructure assets
Identify gaps in the network
Open Space
Design
Guidance
•
Green grid
proposals/
strategy
•
•
•
Assess demands and needs for open space in the city considering the
demographic profile of individual communities.
• Develop guidance for the design, improvement and implementation of open
spaces.
• Provide updated standards and guidance on size, play space provision, street
furniture types, materials, finishes, planting and use.
•
•
Design and
implementation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Define opportunities for filling gaps in the network as part of new developments
Develop action plans for key parts of the city
Develop multifunctional open spaces and improve the functionality of existing
spaces
Improve the quality of existing open space
Provide better links to the surrounding countryside though walking / cycling trails
Greening of identified strategic streets through tree planting.
Develop designs for new parks and spaces
Develop designs for improvements to existing parks and spaces.
Develop designs for walking and cycling connections to the countryside.
Provide written specifications and detail design tender packages to contractors for
all implementation work.
Provide site supervision to implementation work.
Management
and
maintenance
•
•
Public realm
• Guidelines for public realm (signage, surface treatments, street furniture etc)
• Key demonstrator projects
• Pedestrianisation of streets where appropriate
• Consider opportunities for pedestrian prioritisation at key junctions
• Traffic calming where appropriate
Climate change
adaptation
•
•
Produce open space maintenance plans for all new parks and open spaces.
Produce park management plans for all existing and proposed parks and green
spaces.
Introduce green roofs and walls
Introduce sustainable urban drainage
61
In order to achieve the actions identified in City Centre strategy there is a need to develop an
appropriate funding and management mechanism. The table below sets out the each of the potential
mechanisms and a case study for each.
Funding and other mechanisms
Case Study
Planning contributions – Planning
Planning Contributions in the United Kingdom
contributions are used in many countries, and
(UK) are set out in ‘Planning Agreements’.
although the systems for achieving contributions
Planning Agreements are the outcome of
vary, the main objective remains the same, to
negotiations between planning authorities and
secure land or financial contributions from
developers about matters related to development.
developers for social and physical infrastructure to These agreements are usually made under Section
meet the additional demands and needs created
106 (S106) of the Town and Country Planning
by development. Planning contributions are
Act, and are negotiated alongside the process of
informed by an evidence base which includes an
securing planning permission. The agreements
up to date assessment of the need for, impacts
place obligations on the developer as a way of
on and costs of necessary infrastructure related
accessing part of the development value created
to development. The level of contribution is
by the granting of planning permission. The value
negotiated between the Council and developer
is used to provide infrastructure (this includes
and agreed in a legally binding agreement.
affordable housing) and other wider needs
associated with the development.
Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) – An
Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom, is one
infrastructure levy is a financial mechanism that
of four major growth areas in the South East of
is used to secure funding for infrastructure on a
England. It was also one of the first authorities
standardised basis. A CIL is paid by developers
in the Country to use an infrastructure Levy. As a
to the local council based on the size and type
result of this status there will be significant levels
of the development, the charge is calculated per
of new development over the ten years 2006 to
square meter of development. Funds secured
2016. To ensure that this growth is sustainable
through the CIL are used to pay for strategic
and successful and to ensure that it doesn’t
infrastructure such as transport improvements,
impact on quality of life, new infrastructure such
new schools, health care facilities etc. The levy is
as roads, schools and health facilities will be
designed to be fairer, faster and more transparent needed alongside new housing and employment
than planning obligations as they provide
development. In order to effectively fund this
certainty to the developer as to how much money infrastructure a ‘Tariff’ is charged for every
they will need to pay towards infrastructure to
residential property built and per square metre
support their development.
of floorspace for commercial premises (these are
indexed linked to account for inflation over time).
62
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Funding and other mechanisms
Funding and other mechanisms
Case Study
Land value capture – Is a system that recovers
some or all of the value that public infrastructure
investment generates for private landowners.
Colombia already has the Plus Valia system, so
consideration should be given as to how / whether
this can be revised to allow the funds from this to
be directed towards achieving the actions in the
liveability and green grid strategy.
Case Study
Open space adoption – The developer plans
and constructs open space infrastructure within
their site. The developer passes ownership,
maintenance and legal responsibilities to the
public authority. This is suited to large-scale
private sector masterplan projects where
infrastructure delivery prior to unit sales is a
commercial advantage.
In the UK all on site infrastructure is provided
by the developer, in some but not all cases the
developer will transfer ownership to the public
authority. In some cases the developer retains
ownership and responsibility for the maintenance
of the open space, but allows public access
to the open space in perpetuity through legal
agreement.
Compensation funds – Funds are paid by those
wanting to develop land in expansion areas as a
way of compensating for the loss of open land /
countryside. The money would be directed towards
funding recreation projects already identified.
Community development trusts – are
community based owned and led organisations,
that may work in partnership with the public,
private or voluntary sectors in a specific area to
deliver environmental, social or economic benefits
for the community. They may be set up as a
company, or charity. Community Development
Trusts, could take on the planning, management
and maintenance of local open spaces in their area.
Heeley Development Trust – in Sheffield. Was
established in 1996 by a small group of local
residents to transform nine acres of derelict
wasteland into a community park. In 1997, they
took over ownership of the land for 125 years
and created Heeley Millennium Park. Since then,
the trust has raised more than £1 million to
invest in new outdoor facilities for local people to
enjoy and the park is now recognised nationally
as a unique example of community owned and
managed green space.
Transferable Development Rights (TDR) –
TDR programs are relatively wide spread in
Transferable Development Rights combined
the United States with approximately 140
with incentive zoning allow owners of property
programs in place. Although the program design
to sell development rights to other property
varies widely as do the results. Calvert County,
owners, therefore allowing development rights
Maryland, USA adopted a TDR program in
to be separated from a land parcel itself. The
1978. The focus of the program was to preserve
rights can then be transferred from the original
farmland and forests. The County is situated
property/land parcel to another in a different
close to Washington DC which has contributed
location. Once the development rights have been to it being one of the fastest growing counties
transferred the owner of the land (from which
in the state. The County is mainly rural with
rights have been transferred) is then restricted
no large communities and most residential
from developing their land usually through a legal development is in low density sub-divisions. By
covenant. The purchaser of the TDR can then
allowing landowners of those in areas zoned for
develop their land more intensively than allowed
low density uses to sell their development rights
by its baseline zoning. This could be used as a
to those in the City, the County has been able to
way of setting aside land for open space
preserve rural areas.
Revenue generating activities in parks –
By allowing revenue generating activities to
take place in parks either on a permanent basis
through catering outlets cafes and kiosks, or a
temporary basis such as hiring out for events
(concerts, exhibitions, outdoor cinema etc),
the local authority can generate funds for the
maintenance of the park.
Many parks and open spaces in the UK have
introduced revenue generating activities. The
Royal Parks in London now generate 60% of
their income, through catering, events and
licensing. This in turn has allowed government
grants to reduce over the past decade, meaning
the cost of the parks to the taxpayer is very low.
•
•
•
Which components are important to take
forward and implement existing plans?
Which funding mechanisms might be
most appropriate to Manizales?
Consider which stakeholders could be
bought on board to create a successful
approach?
City Branding and Marketing Initiative
Scope
The development of a brand of a city reflects two
major objectives: to create a unified and attractive
image to tourists, businesses and investors and to
facilitate the improvement of local residents’ quality
of life. A healthy brand identity can help define
and manage the competitive advantages of a city
and channel local partners’ resources to orchestrate
the best results from combined efforts acting as a
catalyst for attracting business and investment.
Efforts need to be substantiated and linked
directly or indirectly to other city wide initiatives
such as employment creation and investment
opportunities, educational and technological
advancements as well as being aligned
with priorities set for spatial planning and
infrastructure provision and social inclusion.
Although image branding is intended to
showcase all attributes it might be more sensible
to prioritise key aspects that can best reflect the
city’s qualities and provide a focused image.
Key Actions:
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
City marketing strategy
Define clear objectives as part
of this process such as specific
results from the development of
a brand strategy and expected
achievements.
Consolidate existing offer
among relevant city partners
Identify and involve partners at
an early stage
Image building is not about inventing a new
image for the city but rather a process building
upon existing unique local characteristics which
help to differentiate it from other Colombian and
global cities.
Market research to understand
the audience and their current
perceptions of the city and their
needs (internal/external)
Undertake review of current
initiatives and gaps in
development
Manizales does offer this platform with its
distinctive coffee heritage and climate as well
as its urban heritage and strong educational
base. The emerging focus of the city around the
knowledge economy and focus on ICT related
industries as a “silicon mountain” provide another
basis to project the identity of the city. The City
Region could benefit from creating a unifying
focus for all public, private and non-profit sector
organisations and promote efforts on:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Correcting out of date, inaccurate or
unbalanced perceptions
Increasing the attractiveness of local products
Increasing the ability to attract, recruit and
retain talented people
Proving the foundation for future product
development, new businesses and investing
Enhancing civic pride
Contributing towards a broader economic base.
Improving the perceptions of the city’s image
and potential is not just about campaigning
and an advertising exercise but requires a well
planned and systematic approach for long
term benefits.
Maybe commission/develop
strategy with a specialist
branding communications
agency to provide external
challenge/review.
Identify current image, gaps and
develop positioning to target
audiences
Establish key performance
indicators
Case study
The Glasgow: Scotland with Style
The Glasgow: Scotland with Style brand is
designed to build on the success of the original
Glasgow’s Miles Better campaign to increase
tourism, investment and civic pride in the city.
It was launched in 2004 with a total funding
of £4.4m in two tranches from Glasgow City
Council, the European Regional Development
Fund and the Greater Glasgow & Clyde Valley
Tourism Board.
The aim was to create nearly 1,900 full-time jobs
and generate some £95mn for the local economy.
Following the launch of the brand it was estimated
that the initiative contributed to an attracting to
metropolitan Glasgow an additional 359,769
overnight visitors generating some £42mn and
increases in the number of jobs in tourism.
Key activities included:
• Sponsoring the BBC Proms in the Park
at Glasgow and a clipper boat named
Glasgow: Scotland with Style
• A number of local organisations, including
businesses and civic organisations,
universities, shopping centres and hotels
supporting the brand and used it in their
own marketing.
64
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Potential components
World class natural
environment
Improvement of presentation and
interpretation of attractions
Biodiversity
Outdoor activity in a safe/
welcoming landscape
Health and wellness
Coffee landscape
Food and natural products
City centre
Arts, theatre and festivals
Facility to enable access
to Andean landscape and
biodiversity of the region.
Notes/Next steps
Research and education
Dedicated investment manager
to attract inward investment
from Colombian and
international companies linking
with invest in Caldas?
Visitor welcome and packaging
of city related attractions –
Examples:
•
•
•
Skills and workforce
Multiple investment opportunities
ready to go.
Incentives for investment –
soft side and positioning
– differentiated with other
Colombian cities.
Business start ups
Examples of innovations and
companies.
Targeting of government
investment in technology and
innovation.
“Eden project” managed
landscaping showcasing flora
and fauna of climatic zones
•
Ease of doing business –
investment friendly
Innovation
Outdoor centres – improving
countryside access and
accessibility of outdoor pursuits
– making Manizales a centre of
special interest tourism.
•
Place to do business
Description
Potential components
Andean landscape and climate
Culture and heritage
Initiative
Expanded range of tourism
products and segments
Improved accommodation
offer – specialist
Expanded events
programme
Improved visitor centre
guides/interpretation of
city attractions e.g trails,
interpretation boards,
cultural ambassadors.
Research partnership
Targeting of education
institutes to locate in Manizales
International collaborations
Accessible – nearer than
you think.
Once Aeropuerto Del Cafe is
operational
Attraction of range of carriers
to improve connectivity by air.
Points for discussion:
Examples:
What is already being taken forward which
can provide a starting point for a strengthened
approach to promoting the city region?
•
What potential initiatives could be prioritised?
Branding and enhancement
of key sites to make them
investment ready.
Once improvement in place
– changing perception of
Manizales within Colombia
through a communications
strategy.
Which stakeholders could be brought on
board to create a successful approach?
A critical first step is to identify the
sequence of activities which should take
place to consolidate and strengthen the
offer. Sequenced approach linking with
improvements and investment taking place
in the city can create quick wins and helps
capture interest.
66
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Strategic Investment Site Delivery
Scope
A significant planning task is to seek to devise
innovative solutions to bring forward a portfolio
of employment sites to accommodate the scale
and type of economic activities there is potential
for the city to attract. Projects such as Zona
Franca are meeting this need but are rapidly
filling up meaning that additional projects and
opportunities to provide choice and flexibility
for prospective occupiers in terms the type of
location, premises and quality of environment,
infrastructure and other amenities.
The public sector should with private partners
to ensure the city region has a sufficient level of
commercial sites and premises to meet the needs
of businesses and achieve sustainable economic
growth. This enables allocation of suitable land
plots per use, safeguarding land for particular
uses where there are specialist requirements or
conflicting demands.
Such an approach will enable the city to
demonstrate to investors that their needs are met
with the right sites in the right location at the
right time. It further provides a platform to assess
and co-ordinate future provision of local services
and infrastructure to support development and
the range of soft side incentives which the city
can provide.
A project which takes the plans for the cityregion to the next stage is to provide clarity
given in terms of the intentions for the future
development and individual sites so that these can
be reflected in the POT. It provides a clear signal
to businesses and investors on the opportunities
available aligned to the needs of particular
sectors and subsectors providing a useful tool for
investment attraction and promotion.
In order to fully understand the development
potential of available land (large and small sites),
it is imperative to identify the future demand for
sites in more detail. In the case of Manizales, a
number of available sites have been put forward
for development. There could also be other
opportunities arising from the redevelopment of
existing sites to provide an additional supply of
employment land or housing.
Thus, undertaking a comprehensive assessment of
existing supply and potential future developable
land compared with analysis of demand for
different uses is important to avoid mismatches
and gaps which could be a barrier to the
potential of the city being realised. A high level
development scenario exercise undertaken as part
of this project has highlighted the need to provide
high quality developable sites of approximately
94 hectares to meet the employment growth
by 2025. Given that the majority of this is for
commercial premises and reflecting aspirations
of a knowledge driven economy and inward
investment, there is a need to identify strategic
sites in prime locations that are well connected
and well serviced in accelerated timescales.
Key Actions:
The key components of a strategic investment site
delivery strategy could include the following:
Initiative
Description
Demand
assessment
Analyse past and current economic and
demographic trends in further detail
Undertake review of current and planned
initiatives and developments to quantify
their employment potential and premises
needs
Identify requirements of existing occupiers
Analyse real estate market trends
Refine economic and demographic model
to update scenarios and finalise future
requirements
Refine and segment land use requirements
by type of activity and land use
Supply
assessment
Assess existing premises
Identify all potential development
sites including those appropriate for
redevelopment
Assess suitability for development per use
Categorisation
of sites
Consolidate supply and demand assessment
Gaps analysis
Notes/Next steps
Understand spatial impact, and
the potential concentration of uses
and requirements per area to help
elaborate POT proposals.
Undertake consultation and
surveys to gather information on
current requirements
Would include a comprehensive
assessment of individual sites
in terms of their development
potential to inform the scale
of possible development and
relevant sectors which sites could
accommodate.
Match supply and demand and
identify options for addressing
additional unmet needs ensure
there are sufficient opportunities
and options to provide choice and
flexibility.
Impact assessment
Analyse potential impact on and
requirements for infrastructure and local
services
Identify the phasing and
sequencing of enabling
infrastructure which may be
required.
Guidelines
for future
development
For key sites provide clear planning and
design guidance as to which uses can be
developed on each site. May include design
briefs or masterplans for larger sites shaped
in consultation with land owners.
Providing guidance on monitoring
and review, and how jobs
growth can be achieved through
employment land delivery
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Points for discussion:
67
Case study
•
Have aspects of the above analysis already
been completed?
• Are there specific requirements have been
identified by potential investors which the
city has found a challenge to meet?
• Are there major requirements which have
been put forward by current occupiers
for expansion/relocation existing or future
premises
• How could the approach be taken forward
– what support might be needed?
Northamptonshire Strategic Employment
Land Needs Assessment
Northamptonshire was faced with a significant
challenge in terms of delivering the amount
of employment space (industrial, commercial,
retail) employment proposed. Whilst it was
important to have a focus on an ability to provide
immediate readily available sites to meet the
needs of existing companies, a further aim was
to encourage inward investment from regional,
national and international sources, requiring a
number of strategically sized sites to be offered.
In many cases the delivery of relatively large sites
will be required in order to support the cost of
infrastructure investment and also to provide
a critical mass of development appropriate
to attracting new large scale investment and
occupiers to Northamptonshire. These sites must
be of a quality to appeal to the national market
and as such need to be specifically targeted to
meeting specific market sectors. Such sites will
need to be “flagship sites” for the county and
beyond with individual site owners being given
significant marketing support from the parts
of the public sector involved in promotion of
Northamptonshire as a whole.
The study assessed the Northamptonshire
commercial property market, evaluated
employment forecasts and current employment
land allocations in relation to commercial market
demands and strategic priorities and provided an
employment land assessment framework for use
by local, county and regional partners looking at
long term outcomes till 2031.
68
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Implementation Proposals – Aeropuerto Del Cafe Cluster
Scope
Evidence shows that airports play an important
role in the development of cities, particularly
highlighting the prospect of zones between
the airport and the main city centre, as one
of the most consistently growing parts of any
metropolitan area. Air connections and strategic
position within regional context make the
wider airport location one of the most attractive
business locations in the city region and the
shifting focus from east to west linking with
access to Medellin and Pereira.
High
value/
m2
There is an international trend for airport
masterplans to incorporate real estate development
close to terminals. This move has been supported
by an increasing number of enterprises formerly
located in town centres or other peripheral
business parks attracted by the impact of airport
location and good connections. Examples of uses
that can benefit from locating close to an airport
are provided in the following table.
Core business
Airport-related
Airport-oriented
Benefiting from
airport image
Terminal services:
duty free, IT
services etc
International
logistics
headquarters
International business
activities (headquarters);
WTC (international trade
centre
Shopping
Ground
handling
Post & courier
services
Hotel
Entertainment
Conference
Science park
Restaurants
R&D
Medical care centre
Education
Value added logistics
(cargo city)
Pharmaceutical industry
Test and training
centres
Catering
Airport
maintenance
Flower-fair
Distribution
centres
International exhibition
centre
ICT-business other offices
Freight centres
Export centre of regional
economy; large-scale,
international transport &
distribution
The location of the new Aeropuerto del Cafe in the
municipality of Palestina benefits from proximity to
the nearby strategic development site in Rosario.
This provides the opportunity to create a large
scale mixed uses development that would not
Electronic industry
Regional transport and
distribution companies
Recreation, golf course
only attract employment and investors in the area
but could help to meet the housing needs from
Manizales elsewhere in the city region. It would
further help stabilise the population of the local
area in Palestina which has experienced steady loss
of local population over the past 10 years.
Key Actions:
A number of additional actions would be needed
which assess the economic impact and potential
which the airport could bring to the region as well
as to develop proposals and plans to compliment
the investment planned at the airport itself. A
proposal for undertaking an economic impact
assessment has already been shared.
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Understanding the national
and regional aviation market
Baseline regional aviation
infrastructure profile
An assessment of the national
and regional aviation market
would help identify potential
future occupiers and investors for
the land use facilities associated
with the new airport
Identify key drivers of passenger
and cargo demand
Develop national and regional
demand forecasts
Identify capacity constraints and
opportunities
High tech industry
Food industry
Low
value/
m2
In the context of Manizales city region, the
proposed Aeropuerto del Cafe could serve
a much wider area than just the city region
becoming the key airport for the Coffee region.
Combined with planned investment in road
infrastructure, the area could serve as a key
multimodal centre in the region facilitating trade
and the increase of commerce. In addition, it
would provide a stimulus to the emerging tourism
sector in the region, allowing constant access for
tourists wishing to visit the area.
Impact assessment
Demand Assessment for
Land Uses
Baseline national and regional
economic and demographic profile
Consultation with key stakeholders
such as businesses, and public
sector organisations
Future development scenarios for
Manizales city region
Identification of land use
requirements
The analysis would identify
both those uses that could be
relocated from elsewhere in the
city region and also capture the
demand for new uses.
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Detailed Master Plan
Detailed analysis of the site
In most cases a concept master
plan would provide a sufficient
level of detail to inform a
development process, however
a detailed master plan would
enable to fully understand
the potential impacts and
estimated costs
Development of masterplanning
options
Development of infrastructure
masterplan
Development of transport
masterplan
Urban design and landscaping
Environmental impact
Assessment
Identify and assess environmental
impacts, including ecology, socioeconomic, air quality etc
Provide mitigation measures
Business Plan
Phasing of development
CAPEX, OPEX
Calculation of cashflow and
Internal Rate of Return
Marketing
Preparation of investor information
packages
Organising trade shows
Early start on an Environmental
Impact Assessment allows any
issues arising and mitigation
measures to be taken into
consideration in the design
phase.
Ownership and management of
the site
Appropriate investment
incentives to attract interest from
potential occupiers and investors
Engaging appropriate
communications specialists
including advertising in national
and international media.
69
Case study
Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh is the capital Scotland but is secondary
to Glasgow in terms of population and commercial
role. To develop Edinburgh airport and the
surrounding area as a growth zone a masterplan
was developed to enhance the role of the airport
to develop it from serving primarily a domestic and
short haul European market and to develop the
airport in terms of international connectivity and
the land close to the airport as a commercial hub
and gateway for the city as a whole.
The West Edinburgh growth zone, in which the
Airport is located, has been designated as an
economic development project of importance
for Scotland as a whole. The vision for this
growth zone includes the development of the
International Business Gateway, an area set
aside for high value added, headquarters type
developments for major international companies.
Points for discussion:
•
•
•
•
Can the existing proposals for PalestinaRosario to include a greater proportion of
commercial uses?
Is there existing interest in developing the
site for mixed uses, particularly investors
looking for customised premises?
Which stakeholders(regional, national)
could be brought on board to create a
successful approach?
How proposals to address the
environmental and surface access issues
relating to the airport and expansion area
been considered?
In 2008 it was estimated that the Airport
supported 3,530 ftes (Full time equivalent jobs)
directly on-site, a further 290 ftes through direct
off-site effects and a further 1,520 ftes in the
City Region and 2,370 ftes across Scotland
through indirect and induced impacts. In total,
Edinburgh Airport contributed around £118.4
million of the gross value added (GVA) to the
City Region and £146.2 million across Scotland.
The impact of proposed new Master plan which
is being taken forward would result to the
number of jobs supported in the Edinburgh
City Region rising to around 12,790 ftes and to
around 16,040 ftes in Scotland by 2030. The
Airport will make a corresponding contribution
to GVA of around £702.3 million per annum in
the Edinburgh City Region and £867.2 million
per annum in Scotland as a whole.
70
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Public sector driven knowledge hub linking with ICT and Higher education strengths.
Scope
The public sector has often played a central role
in leveraging added value and private sector
investment in cities. This has been particularly
important for cities focusing on or aspiring to
attract knowledge intensive industries. While
knowledge driven occupations increasingly
comprise a significant part of employment,
few cities have become bright examples of
urban economies where the private sector has
become a key driver for economic progress
and physical development without some public
sector investment and in many of these cases
the proportion of employment in the public
knowledge intensive sectors can sometimes
outweigh that of the private knowledge intensive
sectors. There are two notable strands which are
existing and emerging strengths of Manizales:
Higher Education & Research and
Development
Higher education plays a pivotal role in the
economy of a city. The better the reputation
of the university cluster and its international
linkages with other academic institutes the higher
the numbers of students attracted in the city,
providing also an impetus for the development of
a supporting economy i.e. services.
Cities with strong higher education sectors tend
to maintain close relationships with businesses.
Universities carry out research, advice and
consultancy for business and ‘knowledge transfer’
to varying degrees. It is evident in many cities that
research carried out by universities has resulted
into a number of spin out companies and highly
innovative knowledge intensive firms.
An important element of this is the co-location of
universities and government laboratories that acts
as a centre of knowledge capable of supporting
high tech private sector activities.
Their ability to sustain success of private companies
has been attributed to the support provided to
grow beyond the incubator state through the
provision of appropriate housing and workspace
accommodation and services. Cambridge in the UK
is a classic example of this approach to economic
development where since the 1970s business
spin off’s from the university have catalysed
private sector opportunities in technology related
industries which has now grown to become an
internationally significant cluster.
Manizales has over the years established a strong
educational base with several higher education
institutes located in the city and an increasing
number of students. Considerable efforts have
also been made to link with other reputable
international academic institutions. In line with
the national government strategy aiming to
improve the educational base of the country
and provide a robust platform for innovation,
Manizales city region could become a key
educational centre in Colombia.
Public Sector Services
Technological advancements are rapidly changing
the way things are done across all economic
sectors. Manizales could establish itself as a hub
for institutions and companies which help to
develop and apply ICT related innovations to
Colombian companies and government agencies
The Colombian public sector has increasingly
been adjusting processes to take into account the
development of the ICT sector and the potential
of e-government. This has the advantage of
providing services from a distant locations and has
opened the opportunity for governmental services
being relocated elsewhere.
Public sector relocation has the potential to have
a significant impact on the local area in terms
of jobs, skills, investment and regeneration, as
well as helping to reduce regional disparities.
It creates direct employment and indirect
through the purchase of goods and services.
Secondly, the movement of highly skilled staff
can have a direct impact on the local workforce
by increasing and widening the skills available
in the area. Thirdly, it acts as an incentive for
government departments to reduce the invest
in infrastructure which can subsequently attract
further private sector investment into the area.
Consequently, increasing investment can lead
to the regeneration of local areas. Support and
partnership from the national government for
this approach to work would clearly be needed
but Manizales has potential to build on existing
successes in this area.
The market opportunity could be a catalyst
to help Manizales develop a business services
cluster of ICT related knowledge processing and
outsourcing towards the higher end of the value
chain by developing a critical mass of companies
and capabilities building on the strengths of
higher education institutions. As well as targeting
the public sector in Colombia targeting of
international companies to locate to Manizales as
a base for their Latin America operations should
be an ambition for Manizales but focusing on
particular niches so that companies can draw
upon a sufficient pool of specialised skills.
•
•
•
Is there a strategy to expand the university
offer in Manizales
What is the existing relationship between
universities and the private sector in the
city region
What progress has been made in terms
of academic networks established with
international universities
Case Study
York is one of the UK’s six Science Cities.
Science Cities have been developed as
locations with strong science-based assets
such as a major university or a centre of
research and a well established partnership
between local government and universities.
In the context of York, the university has a
key role in the city as an economic generator
through the Science City underpinning the
biotechnology and IT and digital clusters.
The city’s community strategy focuses on
development science and knowledge intensive
industries by increasing start-ups, spin outs
and growing existing businesses.
Key Opportunities:
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Initiative
Description
Notes/Next steps
Creating a National Higher
Education Nucleus
•
The aim is to build on the
reputation of Manizales in
Colombia as a national centre
of excellence in education.
Public services provision
•
Potential to host national
government ICT related
services and functions.
•
•
•
•
•
Private Sector engagement
Working with higher
education institutions develop
a strategy to expand the offer
and downstream linkages of
existing institutions as well
as marketing Manizales as
a destination for public and
private sector further and
higher education institutions.
Expand courses offer and
increase specialisation
Emphasize Research and
Development Role
Establish long-term
partnerships with
international academic
institutions
Provide a state of the art
environment and identify
investment locations where
new facilities could locate
Organise national and
international academic
conferences
• Access to work placements for
students in local businesses
• Invite involvement of leading
businesses in research projects
• Provide incentives and
preferential measures for
university spin off businesses,
including temporary space.
• Targeted strategy to attract
a small number of anchor
Colombian and international
firms to establish operations
locate in Manizales.
Continue expanding
Manizales ICT connectivity
and telecommunications
infrastructure and networks
• Specialised courses and
training on e-government and
analysis process outsourcing
• Engage national institutions
to understand their ICT and
E-Government plans and how
Manizales based institutions
and companies can play a role.
Case Study
It is essential to provide
appropriate physical
environment and support
services
Salford Media City – BBC, ITV other media
businesses have studios here and Salford
University has a campus here – office space,
retail space, arts and cultural venues (museums
and theatres etc.), residential and hotel
accommodation. The City was successful in
competing with other cities to attract the BBC
to compliment the range of other media higher
education and cultural attractions which the city
had already established or brought to the area.
The vision and competitive offer and strategies
which the city developed meant that Salford
was successful in outperforming other larger UK
cities which may have been perceived to have
greater financial resources and political influence.
Meteorological office – Exeter. The city of
Exeter, UK was successful in attracting the UK
government agency for weather and climate
change from its location close to London to
Exeter a city located in South West England some
200 miles from London. The attraction of a key
government agencies to stimulate growth has
been pursued by other UK cities for example
the city of Leeds and the Health service. The
attraction of a large public agency linking with
existing higher education and research strengths
could be a strategy which Manizales could pursue.
72
Manizales City-Region – Development Framework Next Steps
The proposals set out in sections 1-3 represent
an overall City Region Development Framework
for Manizales building upon and adding to the
existing sectoral plans and strategies the city has.
A series of meetings and workshops planned for
late January in Manizales will be used to discuss
and finalise the approach.
Section 4 – Includes a series of Implementation
proposals to support implementation of plan and
link with the POT.
During the consultation discussions will take place
on should be the focus of Activity 2 of the project
and be developed further.

Manizales City-Region

Transcription

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