Design of drinking water treatment plants

Design of drinking water treatment plants
Prof. ir. Hans van Dijk
April 13, 2007
1
Afdeling Watermanagement
Sectie Gezondheidstechniek
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Capacity
Process scheme
Hydraulic line scheme
Main water flow scheme
Lay-out of site and buildings
Cross sections
Hydraulics
2
Drinking water from tap to source
Relationship water supply is upstream:
Production
Transport
Storage Distribution
Water use
Transport pumps
Treatment
Distribution pumps
Q
Transport pipes
Reservoir
0
24 h
Catchment
distribution area
•
•
•
•
•
Water use
Distribution
Storage
Transport
Production
water users, fluctuating demand in distribution area
supply to different water users, maintain pressure
buffer between production/transport and distribution
smooth transport of water
catchment and treatment, steady production
3
capacity
Capacity versus water demand in time
gross demand
over capacity
net demand
reserve
time
4
Fluctuations - Events
Events in water use
period
typical cause
more years
year
week
day
hour
dry summers
watering of the garden in summer
Monday=washing day, Sunday= day off
almost no demand during the night
half-time soccer game
All events may occur at the same time!
5
Water consumption [m3/h]
Fluctuations - Events
1600
Water use Enschede, saterday July 4th 1998
Argentinië - Nederland 1-2
evaluation
1400
1200
1-0
1-1
1000
800
600
16.00
1-2
1e half
2e half
rest
16.30
17.00
End of game
17.30
18.00
18.30
19.00
Time [h]
6
Variation in water consumption
Dry/wet year
+8/-6%
of the average consumption
Summer/winter
+7/-6%
of the average half year consumption
max/min month consumption
+10/-8%
of the year consumption/12
max/min week consumption
+25/-30%
of the year consumption/52
max/min day consumption
+40/-35%
of the year consumption/365
max/min hour consumption
+80/-75%
of the day consumption/24
max/min minute consumption
+85/-75%
of the day consumption/1440
weekday/Sunday
+10/-25%
van de weekconsumptie/7
7
1. Design capacity
average capacity (m3/h):
Qj = year capacity/(365·24)
Average capacity on a maximum day in a dry year
Qd = 1.08·1.40·Qj = 1.5·Qj
Capacity on a maximum hour on a maximum day in a dry year
Qu = 1.08·1.40·1.80·Qj = 2.7·Qj
for catchment, treatment and transport
for distribution pumps and pipes
Production Transport
Storage
Qd
Qu
Distribution
Water consumption
Transport pumps
Treatment
Catchment
Distribution pumps
Q
Transport pipe
0
Reservoir
Qd
Qu
24 h
Ditribution area
8
2. Process scheme
What is the raw water composition?
What are the requirements of drinking water?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Drinking water law
Drinking water standard
EG-guidelines
VEWIN-guidelines
WHO-guidelines
USEPA-guidelines
Guide lines Protection Water companies
Which process scheme is good?
9
Process scheme
10
Process scheme
• Experience of comparable treatment plants
• Pilot plant research
• Reliability and robustness
• Quality raw water and clear water
11
Process Scheme
abstraction
cascades
softening
Where?
Which process?
RSF
Tower aeration
RSF
Clean water storage
12
3. Hydraulic line scheme
13
Hydraulisch lijnschema
14
Hydraulic line scheme
•
•
•
•
•
•
Foundation depth
Maximum building height
Pump phase
Head loss per treatment step
Head loss in pipes
Upstream- from the tap to the sources
15
4. Main water flow scheme
16
Main water flow scheme
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Number of streets
Reliability water production
Costs
Flow splitting – equal flow pattern
Clear lay out
Maintenance
Plant operation/connections
17
5. Lay out
18
Lay out
•
•
•
•
•
Clear and logical lay out
Compact building
Accessibility
Architecture
Structural design
19
6. Cross sections
20
Cross sections
• Ordering of pipes
• Accessibility
• Logical lay out
21
7. Hydraulics
• Calculations of hydraulic losses
• Equal flow division of water over process units
• Economical diameter pipes (v = 1 m/s)
22
Hydraulics or Controllers?
FIC
1/4 Q
Q
1/4 Q
1/4 Q
1/4 Q
FIC
1/4 Q
Q
1/4 Q
FIC
1/4 Q
FIC
1/4 Q
Flow splitting over streets
ΔH
Filter control (compensation for increased resistance)
23
Architecture
24
Photo Welschap
25
Architectuur
26
Disciplines
1.
Process technologie
2.
Civil engineering
Hydrology
Structural engineering
Geotechnical engineering
Material science
Landscaping
3.
Mechanical engineering
Electrical engineering
Heating and ventilation
Control and instrumentation
4.
Architecture
27
Project phases
RVOI (Regeling Verhouding Opdrachtgever/Ingenieursbureau)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Preliminary investigations
Preliminary design
Final design
Tender documents
Contracting
Detailed engineering
Supervision of construction
Completion and take-over
Operation and guarantee period
28
Project phases
Kosten aanpassingen
100
100
80
80
onzekerheid [%]
onzekerheid [%]
Nauwkeurigheid
60
40
20
0
60
40
20
0
ps
sd
pd
dd
los
pc
ps
sd
dd
los
pc
los
pc
Planbaarheid
100
100
80
80
uncertainty [%]
onzekerheid [%]
Veranderbaarheid
pd
60
40
20
0
60
40
20
0
ps
sd
pd
dd
los
pc
ps
sd
pd
dd
29
Voorontwerp
1.
Uitgangspunten en probleembeschrijving
2.
Schema’s
• processchema
• hydraulische lijn schema
• hoofdwaterloopschema
• geografisch overzichtschema
3.
Voorontwerp gebouwen
• terreintekeningen
• plattegronden
• langsdoorsneden
• dwarsdoorsneden
4.
Begrotingen
30
Aanbesteding
1.
Normaal werk met volledig bestek, normale kwaliteit, normale levertijd
• openbare aanbesteding
2.
Werk met volledig bestek, bijzondere eisen aan kwaliteit van levertijd
• openbare aanbesteding met classificatie
• onderhandse aanbesteding
3.
Normaal werk zonder gedetailleerd bestek
• onderhandse aanbesteding, detaillering in bouwteam
• turn-Key
4.
Werk zonder bestek, bijzondere eisen aan kwaliteit van levertijd
• selectie volgens examen procedure, detaillering in bouwteam
• turn-Key
Verrekening
1. lump-sum
2. meer- minderwerk (openbare begroting
3. regie (verrekenbaar plus winst)
31
32
Basis opzet Heel
33
Koppelnet met grondwater
34
Tijdspad
Geschiedenis WPH:
• 1972: Eerste structuurschema drink- en industriewatervoorziening
• 1980-1985:
Spaarbekken Panheel, inrichting en effecten
• 1994: Toetsingskader grondwateronttrekkingen en alternatieven
• 1994: Integraalplan Spaarbekken Panheel
• 1996: MER gereed
• 1998: Start bouw Waterproductiebedrijf Heel
1998
1999
Start boren Start bouw
puttenveld productiebedrijf
2000
bouw
Start aanleg
innamewerk
en -leiding
2001
testen
2002
inbedrijfstellen Oplevering en
start productie
35
WATERPRODUCTIEBEDRIJF HEEL
20 miljoen kubieke meter per jaar
36
Processchema
37
WPH - hydraulische lijn
38
Hoofdwaterloopschema
39
Hoofdwaterloopschema
40
Architectuur
41
Cascade
42
Voorfilters
43
Zuiver drinkwater voor Limburg
WML investeert in unieke combinatie van oppervlaktewater èn grondwater!
44
Eindresultaat
45
Next week
Overall problem definition
Design capacity
Process scheme of the existing process
Several process schemes
Discuss the choice of the process
Discuss the choice of the location in the treatment
scheme
• Discuss the use of chemicals if needed
•
•
•
•
•
•
46