SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE 2ND DISTRICT?

SOCIAL CHANGE
IN
THE
2ND
F INAL R EPORT
PRACTICE OF SOCIOLOGY: CITIES AND HOUSING CONCERNS.
DR. CLAIRE LEVY-VROELANT, WS 07.
JOSEF KREITMAYER, KORINNA LINDINGER, JOHN O‘SHEA, ERNESTINE THEIL.
DISTRICT?
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
2
THE DISTRICT IN NUMBERS AND CHARTS
4
R ESEARCH A PPROACH
4
R ESULTS
RENT PRICES
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
AGE DISTRIBUTION
INCOME
EDUCATION
NATIONALITY
RELIGION
C ONCLUSION
8
THE DISTRICT IN PICTURES AND WORDS
9
F ACES OF P U BLIC S PACE
URBAN IMPROVEMENTS
BIKES AND TRAFFIC
CONCLUSION
9
9
11
11
S OCIAL A FFILIATION AND R EVINTAGE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
REVINTAGE – THE TERM
EIGHT TIMES REVINTAGE
13
13
14
15
B ACKSTREETS AND D ARK CORNERS
CRIMINALITY
PROSTITUTION
PROSTITUTION IN STUWERVIERTEL
CONCLUSION ON PROSTITUTION
RESEARCH METHODS
20
20
21
21
22
22
RÉSUMÉ
23
APPENDIX
I
F URTHER P ICTURES
i
T HE 10 I NTERVIEWS
ii
W EBRESEARCH “R EVINTAGE ”
vi
1
INTRODUCTION
Vienna´s districts are situated in circles.
The first district forms the centre, districts 2-9 are building the first circle, defined by the
two big streets the Ring (engl. circle), that runs around the first district, where the
former city walls used to be, and Gürtel. Gürtel (engl. belt), separates the outer districts
10, 12 and 15-19 from the inner districts 3-9 on the western side of the centre. East of
the inner centre, the Danube River and its artificial arm, called Donaukanal form an
island where the districts 20 and the researched district 2 are situated. The Danube River
also forms the borders to the district 21 and 22. As the 20 district has no border with the
first district it is not to be seen as a district from the inner circle.
By surface the 2nd district is the biggest of
the inner city districts. Population wise it
is the fourth biggest district of Vienna.1 In
terms of surface it ranks with 1927ha on
place number nine. 58% of those are
green and water spaces. One fifth used
for traffic – very few compared to one
third in the 1st district – and slightly more
pict.1: Google earth, modified map:
2nd district location
for buildings.2 The map (pict.2) shows
very clearly that the denser inhabited
area is located close to the city centre.
The second district also hosts the famous
and historical pleasure grounds Prater,
as well as parts of the big Augarten park,
the Prater-meadows and the PraterForest, which offer big space for
pict.2: Google earth, modified map:
2nd district use of space
recreation in natural environments. As the Danube river forms the district´s border
1
2
MA05: Bevölkerungsstand nach Bezirken
MA05: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsarten und Bezirken.
2
to one side, the recreational area Donauinsel does so on the other. This artificial
island, built for flood-prevention, is a 21 km long and 250 m broad place of outdoor
leisure activities.
The Augarten as well as the Prater-meadow started to be used for several cultural
initiatives, as open air cinema festivals in summer. Some popular electronic clubs
moved to locations in the second districts. Furthermore stories about young families
or people working in creative jobs renting flats in the second district are heard more
and more often.
The train station Praterstern, situated within the district, was object of a big
development project within the last years and is one of the biggest entrance gates for
commuters to Vienna. Moreover with the extension of the U2 the district will get
some new Metro Stations within the following year.
All these information led us to the assumption that there is a social change within the
second district. Taking the increasing rent prices into account the guess aggravated
the assumption to the following hypotheses:
There is a social change in the second district.
ƒ
Demografically this means that people living there today earn more, are
younger and higher educated then 10 to 15 years ago.
ƒ
Besides rent prices are rising.
We assume that the district is getting hip, or in other words undergoing a
gentrification process, what we manifest by:
ƒ
People like to live in the 2nd district.
ƒ
People identify with the district.
ƒ
State and condition of buildings are improving.
ƒ
Creativity is entering the district.
ƒ
Security measures in the district are improving.
These hypotheses were tested with qualitative and quantitative methods. The
outcomes are subject of the following.
3
THE DISTRICT IN NUMBERS AND CHARTS
by Korinna Lindinger
R ESEARCH A PPROACH
In order to outline the population living in the second district secondary data analyses
based on census 1991 and 2001 executed by Statistik Austria and on statistical material
edited by the Viennese Municipal’s office for Statistics have been run.
Five primary demographic indicators were tracked over time and in comparison to whole
rd
th
Vienna as to two neighbour districts. The 3 and the 20 district are both far smaller in
size but comparable in population size.
Age, education, income, nationality and religion serve as basic descriptors of population
besides they are relevant to gentrification processes.
3
According to the Berry’s Gentrification model people who enter districts at an early
stage of the gentrification process are characterized as people who like to life in
4
ethnically mixed areas. This group is also described as pioneers . A group of people
pictured as working self-employed and or in creative jobs. Moreover they contribute
actively to their living area, e.g. by designing and adopting and culturally vitalizing flats,
shops and public spaces. According to Alisch and Dangschat5 they tend to rent not to buy
real estates as gentrifiers do, who enter the district later and are profiled as people with
much higher income. But in the first phase of gentrification rents are still cheap, houses
in bad shapes, changes located in small areas and slightly noticed by public.6
Blasius describes both groups – pioneers and gentrifier – as households without kids
and a high education level.7
3
Friedrichs, p 19
cp.: Alisch/Dangschat, p 97f ; Blasius, p 31f
5
Alisch/Dangschat, p 98
6
Anywayit should be kept in mind that social processes different to the models, which try to catch them, do
not always follow strict timelines and phases.
7
Blasius, p 33
4
4
Gentrification is a process in interaction of population and urban structures. All authors
stress the significance of the building fabric to the process. Gentrification processes
often take place in areas with attractively build but dilapidated old buildings, which run
through a reconstruction process then.
With rising demand and renewal, of course also rent prices are rising. Therefore the
latter is an important indicator for gentrification processes.
R ESULTS
RENT PRICES
Due to it’s history as the main Jewish district of Vienna and hence hosting over long
periods prosperous economic and cultural life, the second district is rich in old well built
and designed buildings.Compared
A+B
percentage of flats
to the beginning of 2006 rent prices
in the 2nd district have risen 5,6
percent. To compare in Vienna they
sank -2,5, in the 20th
-6,9 and -2,4 in the 3rd district. The
average rent price at the end of
C
D
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Vienna
2nd
3rd
20th
pic: Dwelling standard 1991: A = best, D = worst
2006 was 10,7 Euro per square
meter – equal to Viennese standard
percentage of flats
and the 3rd district but 2 Euros
more expensive then in the 20th
district.8 Concerning freehold flats
the prices in the district have not
risen over average in the last year.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Vienna
2nd
3rd
20th
pic: Dwelling standard 2001: A = best, D = worst
One square meter fetches an
average price of 2252 Euros. This is 35 Euros above the Viennese average, 160 Euros
above the prices in the 20th district and 20 Euros less than in the 3rd district.
We can state that in general housing in the 2nd district is at the time being not cheap.
8
http://www.wohnnet.at/mietpreise-wien.htm
5
AGE DISTRIBUTION
Age distribution has changed over time. In 2006 more people under 15, between 30 and
45 as between 45 and 60 years lived in the second district than in 1991.
The gentrification wise most interesting group with aging between 30 and 45 is
represented with 25,2 percent of all inhabitants. This is half a percent over Viennese
th
standard. The general age distribution in the 20 shows a slightly younger population
nd
rd
than in 2 district while we find an a little bit older one in the 3 .
Worth telling is also that at the time being the highest child rate within the inner circle of
nd
the city is found in the 2 district.
INCOME
2005 the average income in the 2nd
1996
2006
120
district is the 5th lowest within Vienna.
100
The standardized employee from the 2nd
standardized Viennese employee and
percent
80
district earns 10 percent less than the
60
40
even 15 percent less than the one living
20
in the3rd district but 5 percent more than
0
Vienna
2nd
3rd
20th
pic: Average income over time
the one from the 20th.
However the income situation has improved over the last 10 years. In 1996 wages
were 11,7 percent under average and the 3rd lowest within Vienna.
EDUCATION
2006 the district counts the 3rd
Vienna
highest percentage of secondary
20th
percent
40
Viennese average of 32%. While
30
20
10
0
rd
the 3 district gives home to far
more high educated people. The
3rd
50
school graduates, almost 40% of
the inhabitants compared to a
2nd
University
High School Professional Professional
Education
Training
Secondary
School
pic: Education level
th
education level is even lower in the 20 , this is especially true concerning university high
6
school graduates. 2006 the 2nd district falls behind the Viennese mean in respect of
university, high school and professional school graduates. Though compared to 1996
higher proportions of university, high school and secondary school graduates were
found. In other words the numbers of badly and highly educated people are increasing,
The middle class in education terms is diminishing. In concern of education the district
falls apart.
NATIONALITY
The highest percentage of foreign inhabitants within Vienna is found in the 2nd district.
27,5 percent obtain a different citizenship than Austrian, in the 3rd district 21,7 do so and
26,2 in the 20th. Speaking about whole Vienna 19,1 percent of the residents are foreigners.
15 years ago the situation was
Non-Austrian
100
foreign population the 2nd district
80
ranked at place 6 in this context.
Since that time the proportion of
non-Austrian
inhabitant
in
the
percentage
different, with less then one fifth
60
40
20
0
Vienna
district has boomed by almost one
Austrian
2nd
3rd
20th
pic: Population and Citizenship
third. The fact that just between 2005 and 2006 the percentage rose from 26,5 to 27,5
predicts that this development will continue.
RELIGION
The 2nd district hosts one of the lowest proportions of Catholics (42%) in Vienna. The
quota is comparable to the one in the 20th district and about 7% percent under Viennese
average, which is comparable quota of Catholics in the 3rd district.
Compared to distribution in other districts the 2nd district shows high rates of people with
Jewish, Orthodox and Islamic beliefs.
Worth mentioning is also that 40% of the Viennese Jews live in the 2nd district, through
they make up just 3,1 percent of the districts population.
Most of the orthodox and spiritual Jewish life in Vienna takes place in the second district.
Accordingly the synagogue and the biggest kosher markets are found here.
7
Islamic believers are more evenly distributed over Vienna nevertheless according to the
german speaking Islamic community Nektar9 one of the highest denseness of Islamic
prayer rooms and mosques is found here.
C ONCLUSION
Recognising that the upper analyses did not follow an approved methodology to detect
and research social change or more narrow gentrification processes, it aimed to draw a
basic demographic map of the second district in order to set a base for further deeper
research. The chosen scale was by far too big to track the small transformation
heralding social alteration. Then again, although dealing with four of Friedrichs’ six
central indicators for gentrification, it was not structured enough to provide a deeper
understanding of processes.
To sum up it can be said that the second district is in terms of religion and nationality
extraordinary heterogeneous. It hosts an old structure of buildings, in which it’s nor
cheap nor expensive to live, yet the prices are rising. The population living there is rather
young and though an increasing group of university and high school graduates, quite bad
educated. They work for low wages and are to a high extend of non-Austrian origin.
9
http://www.nektar.biz/Moschee.htm
8
THE DISTRICT IN PICTURES AND WORDS
F ACES
OF
P UBLIC S PACE
By John O’Shea with Josef Kreitmayer
URBAN IMPROVEMENTS
The Government or Council of Vienna has made the 2nd district a top priority. In the
period 2000-2006 the European Union was running a big project on rural
development. The projects funded by the European Regional Development Fund
(ERDF) and the European Social Fund
(ESF) were aimed at defining areas in
underdeveloped conditions, or areas in
developing condition, and building
them up by funding projects for that
regions. The development regions
were
defined
(underdeveloped)
as
and
objective
objective
1
2
(developing) regions. In Vienna the
pic.: Projects
districts 20 and parts of the
researched district 2 have become objective 2 regions, and have been granted 18,8
mio
per year for co-funding of infrastructural and social projects from 2002 to
2006.1011
In the hypothesis there are plenty of examples of improvements in the area both past
10
11
http://www.ziel2wien.at/dt/portal/content.php
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/atlas/austria/factsheets/pdf/fact_at13_en.pdf
9
(within the last five to ten years) and
present. Most of the newly constructed
buildings In the last ten years are
around the beginning of both Prater
and Tabor Strasse's within walking
distance of district one or Vienna city
centre. Some of these buildings range
from tall American type glass office
pic.: Construction site for a new pedestrian
buildings to new stores and shops also
a lot of the facades of some existing
buildings were improved to make the
area more attractive. New Pedestrian
areas and bike routes were also added
to improve the aesthetic look and to
cater for what seems to be an increase
in bicycle useage of the district which I
will briefly discuss later. Some of the
pic.: Dilapidating facade
current improvements and construction include the extantion of the U2 line in Taborstrasse, which should be open by April or May 2008 in time for the European football
championship (the footballs-stadium is in the district) and a major consruction site at
the start of where both Tabor and Prater meet. The area that has improved the most
in the 2nd district has been the area nearest to the 1st district (the beginning of Prater
and Tabor) where as seen on the photo's taken further up both Prater and Tabor a lot
of construction is going on to improve the facades of buildings that are dilapidating.
10
BIKES AND TRAFFIC
The
Qualitative
work
carried
out
consisted of interviewing two bike shop
owners on Prater strasse. Both shops
sell new bikes and also repair bikes, in
addition one of the shops called Bike
Attack sells second hand bikes and also
rents bikes from March to October. He
mentioned most of the people who buy
pic.: Bike shop
the second hand bikes are
students. Both shop owners say they do very good business and business has
increased in the last few years. They also said most of their customers are young and
a lot are students. They said the improvement in the area has attracted more
people and for students if they are cycling they do not have far to go to the main
Universities which are within or close to district one. Another attractive aspect in the
2nd district is the large parks in the area which has very nice cycle and walking
routes. Also besides the new U2 metro that will open next May in Taborstrasse there
will be five more new stations as part of the extention of the U2 line in the 2nd district.
CONCLUSION
The convenience to be near to the city centre, and the many green areas in the district,
nd
make the district very attractive. All the mentioned factors are signs, that the 2 district
has good chance to get an increase in middle class and upper middle class population in
the near future. The good attributes of the district will be even improved with the
connection of the 6 new metro U2 lines in the district. Other indicators to the conclusion,
that the district will go trough strong structural and social change in the
11
near future are several
developing projects in
construction, and in
planning phase. An area,
formerly dedicated to
storage and routing cargo
trains behind the
northern train station will
be rebuilt as a new
housing district, including
one of the biggest parks
of Vienna, within the next
12
20 years. The University
pic: Map of the northern area, locating new metro stations,
improvements on facades and buildings and new construction sites
of Economics will be relocated to the district, which will give a big boost to the
attractiveness of the Stuwerviertel for young students. As well close to that area, a big
Business park including a new head office of the OMV (with 1800 employees) will be
located near that area. These facts lead to the conclusion, that the Stuwerviertel, that
did not really participate in the recent hype, that for example the Karmelitermarkt area
was part of, will become a very attractive housing area in the near future. The totally
new constructed housing area will be built as a low traffic area, with a good range of
recreational facilities and green spaces, within the new area, it can become especially
interesting for young families.
12
http://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/nordbahnhof/planung.htm
12
S OCIAL A FFILIATION
AND
R EVINTAGE
by Ernestine Theil
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Interviews
For the qualitative research 8
people were asked:
ƒ “Do you like the district?
ƒ Do you intentify with the
district?
ƒ Which people move in?
ƒ Which
people
move
interviews
were
away?....”
Further
made in two bicycle shops
and on two police stations.
pic: Map of the northern area, including the interviewees’ residences
Partly the interviews were recorded, however some people didn’t accepted that. Some
interviews were written down after the interview. These transcriptions were added by the
method of Roland Girtler in order to come to results. (See appendix..).
First results
By chance four young interviewed people settled here since 8 month till 4 years. One old
woman lives here since 75 years. Nearly all can identify with the district because of the
quality of living. “I don’t want to live somewhere else.” Only one young person wants to
move because of the prostitution. The many greens are mentioned 5 times and also the
trees in the street. The posibility of making sport is mentioned 3 times. Four young
people stressed to have no car and they like to go by bicycle or public transport. They like
13
the small shops, the restaurants, the special cinema, the interculturality, specially living
beneath jewish orthodox people and the nearness of the first district.
Young people and people with an artistic context (artist, opera singer, art student) are
mentioned to move in the district. The interviewed people assume that nobody would
move away, old people die.
The sourrounding of karmelitermarket shall already be a hip place, where you even can
buy a ruccolabread. One likes to have there an attic flat with a terrace.
Two Walking tours
(accompanied by a friend who knows the recent changes.)
One fototour from the praterstreet to the karmelitermarket.
One tour through the stuwerquarter. (the camera didn’t worked)
Result
By wandering through the district, you can find nine kinds of “revintage”.
The pictures were specially selected for describing that term. Other made pictures are in
the appendix. You can see some recently opened shops. Delicacy-shops, inn-locals,
literature-buffet-shop, and new need are satisfied: cleaning shops.
REVINTAGE – THE TERM
In order to know how this term is already used nothing can be find in sociological
abstracts. The help of scholar google found one artikel: Green Building Coalition, 2005:
TELLURIDE REGIONAL GREEN BUILDING RESOURCE GUIDE13.
The word “revintage” is used in connection with sustainibility as for example the usage of
quality antique wood products: “Use of Salvaged, Reclaimed, and/or Refurbished
material,..”.
By googeling “revintage” already 143 pages can be found. (View appendix ..)The term is
very often used in context with music and gitarres as “back to the roods”, often in context
with retro things as clothing, jewelries and bicycles. Wood is praised: “Rich in history.
Beautifully aged with warm, natural patinas. Elegantly embossed with timeless
13
http://www.town.telluride.co.us/docs/final_gb_resource_guide.pdf (Date: 3.1.2008)
14
character.” Further the term is also used for artistic fotos and as username in web
commuties.
EIGHT TIMES REVINTAGE
1. The bicycles as a phenomen of revintage: “back to the roots”
In comparison of generations, only two old
interviewed women mentioned the usage of a
car. One woman said that the parking and
garage problem is solved. However, four young
people stressed that they own no car. They use
their bicycle. Two bicycle shops opened.
pic: Bike shop
2. The shop with natural patina – “timeless character”
How does this shop look like? The facade is
old, dirty and partly repaired. The shop
windows are of aluminium made in the
sixties or seventies. It does not look very
invitingly. The shop offers things you can’t
get in a shopping center. You can suppose
that these kind of shops do not invest
pic: Shop
money in advertisment as the owners of
brand shops in the shopping
center do. The banks do not offer them enough credit. The interviewed persons told the
shops open and close. The risks for investments are too high for the owners.
15
3. The offered goods of the shop stand for a new style – “Rich in history.
Beautifully aged with warm, natural patinas.”
An old chair, which was supplemented with a
part of another old chair, is offered. A new style
is created. This phenomen led to the created
term “revintage”.
pic: Adopted chairs
4. A name of a new shop – “back to the roots”
“Wildwuchs” means “wildgraw”. The
owner offers poem cards. May be –
“back to culture”? A new hype
flowershop opened even in a bad
area of this district. “Bad” in the
opinions of the interviewed persons
is
the
prostitution
in
the
stuwerquarter. Also other shops as
esoteric- or series looking massage
shops opened. This might be show
an improvement of quality even in
this part of the district.
pic: Flower poem
16
5. The not mentioning of the new shopping center – “back to the roots?”
What is worth telling only one old woman, the owner of cafe dogenhof, mentioned the
shopping center and the new habits of families. She as a observer noticed that children
were brought to the “kindergarten-places”. Fathers are waiting in the smoking area
while mothers are shopping. By googeling the second district, you can find pages about
this shopping center. It opened last year and its impressive icefall, made as a symbol of
Austria’s wintersport nation, is not mentioned by anybody. The manager of the shopping
center is very proud of having got international brand shops in the center. Nevertheless,
no young interviewed person told anything of that new shopping center. Instead, the
interviewed persones mentioned the small shops.
6. The name of the restaurants stand for that term – “new creation”
Urban Heuriger: urban is not a german
word. Heuriger is a special old Viennese
wine inn. Therefore, the words “Urban
Heuriger” are a new changed term, an
invention suitable to the “revintage time”.
This place is also mentioned by the
interviewed persons.
pic: Gastronomy
17
7. The fassade and old structures of the restaurant – new creation – “timeless
character”
Either the restaurants look as the
described shops before or the place
between old shopping windows and
shopping entrance areas is used for a
“restaurant garden”.
pic: Window of a restaurant
The last named form created a new kind
of “Schanigarten” with a roof. The people
can sit in a nearly open area even by rain.
pic: New kind of Schanigarten
8. The kind of restaurant – “Elegantly embossed with timeless character – “back
to the roots”
The
formerly
Chinese
restaurant
changed to a Viennese restaurant with
special Viennese offers. In front of this
restaurant as in the formerly mentioned
one, you can see the inviting plants. In
addition, what has changed too is the
kind of the menu. Formerly you could
find the menu as a paper behind glass
pic: Gastronomy
18
near the entrance. This paper often was printed. Now you see a blackboard where the
menu is written by chalk with the hand. However, this board is not standing on the
street as in formerly Viennese inns. It is fixed at the wall.
Results
Most interviewed People itentify with their district.
They like small shops and as everybody can see
on the pictures old structures.
They like more shops than shopping centers. In
other case, they would have mentioned the new
center. Individuals, you can assume, do not need
the international mainstream stores, which pay
much money for advertisement.
Politicians could acknowledge the desires of
people. People also wants to have that special
kind of cinema and not the old image of the
Vienna Boys' Choir.
pic: Backyard
From “back to the roots” until “back to culture”, you can find “revintage” in the second
district. Therefore, the district can be said is already hip in the karmelitermarket and is
becoming a hip place in the stuwerquarter.
May be this place will be either a garden and the formerly trade area is becoming a loft
for an artist or this place will look similar as the background.
Further research possibilities
The observation in the shoppingcenter from the coffeeowner could be tested in another
research.
If the end of the shopping center is near could be find out too. A trend turning back?
19
B ACKSTREETS
AND
D ARK
CORNERS
by Josef Kreitmayer
One of our main hypothesis was, that the 2. District would be in a state of developing
from a formerly unpopular to a popular quarter within Vienna. Included in this one, there
we find the 2 hypotheses, that the 2. District has been an unpopular district, and the
hypothesis, that it is becoming a popular district. So to focus on the first assumption,
there has to be asked, why would it be, that the district has or had a bad image? Why
would the reputation of the district have changed? Living in Vienna, and talking about the
2. District, there are 2 things mentioned very often, the Praterstern-Area, and
prostitution in that area. So the research question of this part was, to find out how the
situation related to these 2 negative topics was, and if that has changed.
CRIMINALITY
Looking at the criminality statistics of Vienna 1997 there are 2 things particular for the
2nd district, the numbers of crimes related to prostitution and the numbers of crimes
related to fraud, blackmail and perfidy were outstanding over the Viennese average. As
the form of criminal-statistics changed, it was not possible to detect if the numbers have
changed. According to Interview at police stations in the district, there is nothing
exceptional about criminality delicts in the district apart from prostitution. In contrary to
that, in an interview with a former operator of a bar in the Praterstern-area he
mentioned that there is massive problems with the procurers, that in some was try to
control the bar scene in that area.
20
PROSTITUTION
Interviews with people living near the
Praterstern area showed, that prostitution
is
a
subject
there
the
Interviewees
mentioned, that the situation has changed,
and that the obvious illegal prostitution in
the streets diminished. The Interview with a
couple that lives near Volkertmarkt, and a
pic: Brothel
young woman that lives near the Jewish temple lead to the assumption, that the streetprostitution did not disappear, but changed from a obviously visible form in the streets to
a hidden one in the brothels and dubious bars in that area. Prostitution related to the
area of Praterstern is widely known, as the Praterstern is a commonly known public
place. Police told, that not just that area, but in a bigger scale the quarter Stuwerviertel
within the district has issues with prostitution, and that there is an area near the former
Congress Centre, where in some streets there is even legal prostitution taking place.
PROSTITUTION IN STUWERVIERTEL
According to the police, the Stuwerviertel is since decades known as a place for
prostitution,that changed over time. The primary native prostitutes have been displaced
by eastern Europeans. The biggest problem is, that the punters come by car, and drive
around in the quarter in search for sex. The running cars in the night cause noise, that is
disturbing the inhabitants. In an interview with the mother of a boy that lives in the area,
it was found, that one other problem is, that the prostitutes are noisy at night in the
streets, and refuse to go away when asked. For the mother also a big problem is, that
some of the prostitutes and also the procurers also stay in the area in daytime, and she
does not want her son to grow up in that environment. According to police, there are
already lots of actions taken, and lots of patrols run in the area, but the legal basis to
detain the prostitution are missing. A delict can just be detected in the act of contact
21
between prostitute and punter, but not in the plain presence of both groups, and as both
groups themselves do not break the law it would not be possible to interfere.
CONCLUSION ON PROSTITUTION
In general the police-officers quoted, that the
quantity to some extent shifted to other areas of the
city, as the 15th district, near the western train
station. As the obvious prostitution near Praterstern
which is well known, and within 10 minutes walking
distance to the 1st district decreased, the subject of
prostitution is not so big anymore as it has been
some decades ago. The Stuwerviertel area is not so
representative for the district, as it is somehow a
closed area, without attraction points for people
pic: Brothel
living outside the area, so what is going on there is
not so representative for the district. In consideration of these information’s, one
could say, that the image of prostitution in the district in general has improved.
RESEARCH METHODS:
Internet research, statistical research
Interviews
•
Couple living near Volkertmarkt 2007-10-02 2 hours
•
young Woman living near Jewish Temple 2007-10-06 45 min
•
waitress with son, living in Stuwerviertel 2007-11-28
Nightly excursion
2007-10-29 20:00 – 03:00
•
Vistit and Interviews at 3 Policestations
•
Walk trough Stuwerviertel
•
Talk to former operator of bar near Praterstern
22
RÉSUMÉ
The second district is very inhomogeneous within itself.
The neighbourhood around Kamelitermarkt witnesses processes of resident
involvement. Recently opened shops and revived gastronomy grab old visual,
architectural and communication practices. Old typography as well as the classic
“Greissler”, small next-door-shops which are almost everywhere replaced by
supermarkets, are worshiped and adopted for modern needs.
On the other hand or some streets further down inhabitants complain about troubles
caused by prostitution. Then for again others the second district is the first domicile in
Austria and they have to make money with the only law and circumstances leave them.
Moreover generally spoken the district is still a poor and low educated one, but also a
young one, rich in ethnic and religious diversity.
In the end the general view is not one appropriate to detect the social changes starting in
the district.
This is also true for the urban renewal happening at the time being.
Construction wise lots of things are going on, To which extend and even more important
in which way this changes in building structure will also reshape social structure wasn’t
the main research perspective of this paper.
Nevertheless this process is and will be worth observing.
The objective of this research was to find out about an assumed social change in the
second district.
Especially the work in the field made visible that alongside urban renewal works also
small social alterations are happening.
Referring to Berry’s gentrification model these small modification can indicate that the
second district is in social terms heading to a position, where it has always been
geographically located – towards the city centre.
23
SOURCES
Alisch, M.; Dangschat, J.S.: Die Akteure der Gentrifizierung und ihre „Karrieren“. p1340; IN: Friedrichs, J.; Kecskes, R. (Hrsg.): Gentrification. Theorie und
Forschungsergebnisse. Leske + Budrich; Opladen 1996.
Blasius, J.: Gentrification und Lebensstile. Eine empirische Untersuchung. Deutscher
Universitätsverlag, Wiesbaden 1993.
Friedrichs, J.: Gentrification: Forschungsstand und methodologische Probleme. p95132; IN: Friedrichs, J.; Kecskes, R. (Hrsg.): Gentrification. Theorie und
Forschungsergebnisse. Leske + Budrich; Opladen 1996.
Magistrat der Stadt Wien: Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 1991. Geschäftsgruppe
Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung und Verkehr; Wien 1992.
Magistrat der Stadt Wien: Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 1992. Geschäftsgruppe
Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung und Verkehr; Wien 1993.
Magistrat der Stadt Wien: Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 1996. Geschäftsgruppe
Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung und Verkehr; Wien 1997.
Magistrat der Stadt Wien: Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 1997. Geschäftsgruppe
Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung und Verkehr; Wien 1998.
Green Building Coalition: Telluride regional green building resource guide. First Edition
March,2005
http://www.town.telluride.co.us/docs/final_gb_resource_guide.pdf [6.1.2008]
Viennese Municipal – Office for EU-Funds / MA27: European Structural Funds in Austria
(2000-2006). Wien (Vienna).
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/atlas/austria/factsheets/pdf/fact_at13_en.pdf
[6.1.2008]
Online Resources of the Viennese Municipal Office for Statistics MA05:
Population size district wise from 1869 to 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/bevoelkerungsstand.pdf [6.1.2008]
Municipal Area usage and district wise 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/nutzungsarten.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population citizenship and district wise 2005 and 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/bevevid.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population extrapolation sex and district wise 2005 and 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/bev-evid-geschlecht.pdf [6.1.2008]
24
Age group quotas district wise 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/anteile-alter.pdf [6.1.2008]
Age group quotas of foreigners district wise 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/anteile-alter-ausland.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population country of origin and district wise 2001, 2005 and 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/ausland-bezirk.pdf [6.1.2008]
Housing district wise 2005 and 2006
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/wohnungsbelag.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population flow district wise
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/bevbew-bezirke.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population religion and district wise 2001
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/religion-bezirk.pdf [6.1.2008]
Wage taxed income district wise 2005
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/einkommen.pdf [6.1.2008]
Population over 15 education wise 2001
http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/bev-ausbildung-bezirk.pdf [6.1.2008]
Nektar – Community of German speaking Moslems in Austria
List of Mosques and Prayer rooms
http://www.nektar.biz/Moschee.htm [6.1.2008]
Wohnnet.at – Plattform for Housing and Buildung:
Actual expenses for rented flats in Vienna
http://www.wohnnet.at/mietpreise-wien.htm [6.1.2008]
Actual costs of freehold flats in Vienna
http://www.wohnnet.at/eigentumswohnungen-preise.htm [6.1.2008]
ziel2wien – multimedia documentary project:
http://www.ziel2wien.at/dt/portal/content.php [6.1.2008]
Webservice of the Viennese Municipal
Urban Planning: Nordbahnhof (Northern Train Station)
http://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/nordbahnhof/planung.htm
[6.1.2008]
25
APPENDIX
F URTHER P ICTURES
pic: An inn local opened recently
pic: A new kind of shop. A book shop where you
also can eat something. This kind of shop only
can survive in a district with cultured
inhabitants.
pic: A Grocery opened 3 month ago. The owner said:
“this district is similar as the others.”
But normally this kind of shops close because of
the competition with the supermarkets.
pic: Delicacy-shop opened recently
i
pic: Kosherland: a supermarket, where you can buy
kosher things opened for about 4,5years
pic: This shop opened in May.
I NTERVIEW T RANSLITERATION
Extract
Prostitution
Shops
changes
Since 75
years
Subway
Young
people move
in
- young
families
Garages
my first interview i tried in the hotel nordbahn (Praterstraße). the assistand
didn't allow me to make a recording. the woman doesn't live in this district,
but she works her for 7 years. some houses had been restored. the
prostitution stoped. the police is doing much for that. there is a constant
change in the kind of shops. some shops closed. a shop for hearing aid
opened.
she couldn't say somethings about the youth, only that the youth hold seminars
in the hotel. she recommended me the woman of the dogenhof for asking for
the change in this district.
my second interview with an old woman with a small dog:
i want to ask you, what have changed in the second district.
it has changed very much, sure it has changed many.
because of the subway. i was born 75 years ago. how i said because of the
subway it has changed very much. i live on the prater street. i like to live here.
more i can't say.
do people arrive here or do they move away?
in my house there the people are quite old. either they will move away or they
will die. young people move in.
which kind of people they are?
i can't say this?
people who earn more money? yes i would say. in this house i would say.
there are also small children. formerly it wasn't like that.
in our house we have 20 garages. but i have never seen somebody driving in.
sure for 100 flats 20 garages that is not much.
ii
Quality of
living
I like living
here
Since 1,5
years
Greens
Sport
I don’t want
to live
somewhere
else
Age: 25
Young
people move
into this
district
Age: about
55
Institution of
viennese
cafe
Shopping
center
but, very seldom i saw somebody driving in. the older people have the
garages.
the younger people do not have cars?
oh no they have cars. but they have no garages.
are there garageproblems in this district?
no i have not. since it is necessary to have cards for parking i have no
problems. i alway find somethings. i have no garage in my house. our flat was
without a garage. on the praterstreet there it is not allowed to stop. also we are
not allowed. this is a
shoppingstreet. inspite of the parking card i am only allowed to stay there one
and a half hour. but i think the quality of living is very good well quite good.
you can identify with this district. yes i like living here.
for example in the 3rd district you wouldn't like to live. i can't judge.
what are the advantages in this district.
the nearness to the main avenue. i be there in 5 minutes. i don't need a tram,
nothing,
i like living here.
thank you.
my third interview is with a young women.
how long do you live in this district?
since 1,5 years. i feel well here. the prater is very near here. because i am
quick in the "green". i can run there. i feel quite well here.
you can identify with this district even after such a small time. yes i do.
was the prater the cause of your moving to this district.
no that was an accident. i got the flat over a friend, truely, but i don't want to
live somewhere else. may be it is my own flat. my live has changed.
you still have no family.
may i ask you some statistiks? how old are you?
25, i still studying.
but no soziology(laughing)
on the "angewandte"(art)
it is a mix between technic and art.
you will not earn much.
yes i work.
you can effort the flat.
yes this is possible.
do you see many young people move in the 2nd district.
yes in my circle of friends there are more people who move in this district.
but it is posible to be limited in the perception.
and who move away?
....
my fourth:
yes i was in the cafe dogenhof and the lady didn't want me to record
something. she made some bad experiences with journalists. she told me many
things about the institution of the cafes in vienna. the poor people had the
possiblity of a warm place. it was a necesity after the war for the poor people.
there the had newspapers and the "kasperl". the need of the cafe is out today. i
asked for the young people. she answered me. the young people are sitting in
front of the computer or in the
iii
internetshop. the families are in the shoping centers. the children are given to
place, where they can play and the father is waiting in the smoking zone.
because of the new train station there will no come more people to her cafe.
the people who are on
the trainstation are very quick. they are not interested to go till this cafe. this
building where the cafe is in this will be a hotel. so the cafe will be for the
Rassism
tourists. they will sing their italian songs in this cafe. one part of her parents
Strange
was of greece. i also told me that in vienna some cafes got promotions of
people move some millions euro. but not the other many cafes. the small cafe will close. in
into this
the houses for the pensioner the old people get the cafe and cake free.
district
therefore also these people do not need the cafes. from the students she
couldn't alive.
to my theme she didn't tell much, only that she had done many experiences in
Age: about
behaviour. for example that the partners of a couple get more similar to each
50
other and just this partner who like the other more this partner makes the most
Since 2 years change to look like the other.
Artist
we will have to learn turkish. in the eu turkish will be an important
Restaurants
language. in her famlily they already start to learn it. the indian people move
Prostitution
more to the greener districts. if people move in this district, she mentioned
Subway
only the many strang people.
Hip place
my fifth
Trees on the accidently a friend of me saw me on the street and come out of the aida (a
street
cafe)to greet me. she was together with her women friend, who is a painter
and lives for 2 years in this district. so i went in to ask her, but it is very loud
in the cafe:
Football EM some nice locals opens in the ausstellungsstraße. revitalisation. different
Noice singer locals really, italian, asian, not a higher mileu,
"stuwerviertel" - formerly a very bad quater. she was asked from a an asian
new quarters (laughing) now the police is acting very much.
public traffic in the taborstreet there is a construction work for five, six years,
noice
the carmeliter market it is stylish there. nice cafes, nice fashion shops,
you are not in shopping centers - no we are sometimes in ikea, but now there
prostitution
aren't flannels.
in this house where i lived before, there was a bordell and handicaps and this
singer in the is not well, now where i live there are trees, trees withe red fruits like hips,
streets
but they aren't hips. they look beautiful. so all round trees.
there were a military barracks. there were distroyed and now they build new
houses there. may be for the policy (laughing) for controlling the wm. in the
a man
prater they could hang on hammocks. it would be easier. ..
age: about 30 in the spital they will have no holidays to this time.
since 8
on the weekend there it is quite loud. why the young people have allways to
month
sing.
special look is there a change also in the third district? yes in the 3 district the renew also
for the 2nd
the houses. the build the attics for flats. but there not such new quarters.
district
from the praterstation i listen sometimes the singers.
young
the tram 21 will surely stoped because there are then enough subways. it will
people move be not so loud later.
but yesterday i want to go down with a racket. till 2 o clock a motor of a car
in
noone move was running and the car was swinging. nearly two hours long.
away
and the young people who sing, it is better not to cry down to them, in other
Cafe and
subvention
Out –cafe
iv
.............etc.
Age: about
35
Prostitution
Rassism
A professor
move into
this district
Since 4 years
Age: about
35
Hip place
Cinema
Sport, green
Jewish
history
Family leave
the district
Restaurant
Prostitution
InterCulturality
Bike
Age: about
55
Fewer bars
way you would do it especially. i don't not understand the langage. such
babbled you can't undertand. turkisch i would understand. (laugh) with so
much “Ü”.
she was moved from the 17 district.
my sixth
for my next interview i forgot to put the button and therefor i can only tell,
what he has said. he was about 30. and with him was a women maybe from
india, i don't know. he moved from the 17 district since about 8 month. he
find a new house with a terrace. he looked for that for about 1 year. he had
special ideas what he wants to have. he likes to live here. much young
people settle here. he doesn't think, that people move away. but maybe they
die. he likes the quality there. he has no car. he likes going by bicycle.
their neighbours are a family with six children. he likes to mention that
this family is a jewish ordodox one.
he likes the multiculturality of this district. and the many green parks and
the nearness of the city. the shops here open and close again. and the lady
with him stress, that they have now a new build flat.
He stressed he likes more the cinema than the viennes choir boys.
my seventh interview (in common with josef kreitmayer)
i only write down, what she told us:
a woman in the cafe listened to our speaking about the second district and
wanted to tell us, that she already made films of the men who meet the
prostitutes and the police told her she shouldn't do that. she has a boy about
12 years old. he is not able to go to the park because of the strange turkish
boys. she knows of the housewife prostitution. and she wants to leave the 2nd
district because of his son. a professor settled in the neighbourflat. she lives
there since 4 years. young people settle there
because there is now a studenthouse.
Proud of
learning
german by
herself
my eightth interview (on a trip with a friend we meet her friend who is living
in the second district) i only write down, what she told us:
she lives in this district since 4 years. she likes the karmelitermarkt where
she likes buying from the farmers and she gets a rukkolabreat. she likes
the cinema in the augarten and the possibility of sport in the prater. she
likes the jewish people. they
should spread in vienna. she knows that schoolchildren came to this district
to put flowers to the bronze remembering plate and she knows that in the
last days of the war they found jewish people in a cellar and they shot them on
the open street.
New shops
the jiddish is a lovely speach and jewish people are very kindly.
In the stuwer a family in her house leave the district in order to go to upper austria.
quarter
there are many good restaurant, where you can eat very good. she is a
bicycledriver. the next summer she is in florence in order to cycle.
in the 2nd district there is allways a good possibility for bikes. she is not treat
An american as a whore. no man spokes to her. she don't wants to life in another district
Age about 30 and feel strange in another district. she lives beneath her work. she is 35 and
Opera singer she studied the law and is still studying. she likes the turkish and a turkish
Multiwoman is her friend. she prefer the bike. she is from the burgenland.
Culturality
v
Substandard- flat
Green
Noone move
away
my nineth
today i was again in the 2nd district in order to make fotografs
i went through the stuberquarter.
it has changed very much. formerly, 20 years ago there were many bars
today i saw only 2 and one closed vinecellar.
I entered a russian grocery and asked:
Why she had opened here the shop, but she was only a seller the russian
women told me many interesting things, what she is eating at silvester, how
much money she earns from the different sources, how bad somebody is
cooking, that she doesn't want to visit this person again. how the russian men
stand silvester with vodka.
and she likes the prater and she remembers the roundabout. she learned the
language without any course only by speeking with german speeking
persons. now she has cabel tv and therefore she will be at home on silvester.
she like the austrian tv -( i forgot the name - where you can listen folksongs
of austria.)
observation during my walk through the stuwerquarter
i saw some new shops opened even in the stuwerstreet. this street is
interesting, because, this is the first street behind the Ausstellungsstreet nearby
the prater. and the ausstellungsstreet has still pompous houses. these houses
were built because of the huge exebition on the way to that special place.
My tenth interview
A studying colleg told me, that he lived before in the 2nd district and told me
something and i wrote down, what he said:
He had no car. He lived there some years ago
His neighours were one man of poland an opera singer
And people from asia, Really multicultural
Substandard flat – the toilet outside, the flat shaby, the flat cheap
He liked the many parks, the donauinsel, the first district
Everywhere the public traffic
No criminality, no druggs, no prostitutes, Many shops, outside all clean
The migrants will stay there, they will not move away
A recommandable district, but not the lovest district
The first district ist too expensive
The 2nd district was not choosed
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