COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF WAFFLE SLABS

Transcription

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF WAFFLE SLABS
BY
AKINSANYA DOLAPO MAlTHEW
MATRIC NO: 2004/0286
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA
A Project submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering,
College of Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Award of Bachelor Degree (B.Eng.) in
Civil Engineering of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
(UNAAB).
October, 2010.
This report is dedicated to Almighty God, the author and finisher of my faith, giver of life,
I dedicate this also the Federal Republic of Nigeria, my home, my Nation, my pride.
I would like to acknowledge first the God of all creation, the author of life and the Self Sufficient
One. Without Him, there certainly will be no project to be executed.
I am grateful to my Supervisor Engr. J.O. Akinyele, who left to me is undoubtedly the best
,lecturer and supervisor any student can ask for, his thoroughness, gentleness and patience are
unlike any other.
I acknowledge also the head of the Civil Engineering Department, University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Prof. E.S.A. Ajisegiri for his patience and help throughout this project.
Importantly, I want to thanks my parents Pst. & Pst. (Mrs.) M.A. Akinsanya for their love and
encouragement at all times. This study was possible with their financial and moral support.
I acknowledge also every student in the October 2010 set, may God continue to bless every one
of you, if I had an opportunity to start allover with any class in further studies, I will love all of
us to still be class mates.
I also will not fail to mention Pst. & Pst. (Mrs.) Wale Akinronbi for their love throughout my
study in the University and the entire Father's house Family, I love you all tremendously.
I
ii
III
Table of contents
IV
List of table
vi
List of figure
vii
Abstract
viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1.1 CONCRETE
1
1.1.2 COMPUTER-AIDED
DESIGN (CAD)
2
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
4
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
5
1.4 AIMS OF THE PROJECT
6
I.S OBJECTNE OF THE PROJECT
6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
7
2.1 THE EFFECTS OF CAD
11
2.2 BENEFITS OF THE CAD SOFTW ARES
13
CHAPTER THREE:
19
METHODOLOGY
19
3.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF VISUAL BASIC
19
THEAPPLICATION ENVINRONMENT AND REQUIREMENTS
43
THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
43
THE HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
SYSTEMDOCUMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE
44
46
RFIVE:
NCLUSIONAND RECOMMENDATION
46
CONCLUSION
47
RECOMMENDATION
48
CES
50
52
:~
able 5: Results Of Area Of Support Reinforcement Provided (7200x7200)
34
iFlgUl'e2.2: Example of an AutoCAD designed plan of a building.
15
FJgUl'e 2.3: Microsoft Excel design of Beam.
16
FlgUl'e 2.4: Beamax analysis of Beams.
16
Figure 2.5: Microsoft Excel analysis and design of slabs.
17
FJgUl'e 3.2: The arrangement of the reinforcement and shear reinforcement in the rib
26
FlgUl'e 4.1: The Microsoft Visual Basic Programming interface.
29
Figure4.2: The Program Operation Flowchart
32
Figure 4.3: The Program input Interface.
35
. Figure 4.4: Program Span Reinforcement Provided Area Interface
36
FlgUl'e 4.5: Program Support Reinforcement Provided Area Interface
37
Figure 4.6: Program Slab Portion Reinforcement Provided Area Interface
40
ABSTRACT
. project deals with the creation of a computer application that designs watlle slabs. The
dect also aims at emphasizing the importance of computers in the solution of everyday
program developed designs and specifies the reinforcements to be used for the areas
for the slab support, span and slab portion from the formulas of the calculation of the
. This program was created using the Microsoft Visual Basic language. The Reinforced
design is based on the B88110 code.
.s report acts as a support document for the created software. It describes the program
detailand highlights the methodologies used in its development.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
,1.1.2 Computer-aideddesign (CAD) is the use of technology for the design of objects, real or
\
;Wtual. CAD often involves more than just shapes. As in the application of Technical Drawing
::'1,
.~,
,
";cAD
may be used to design curves and figures in 2D computer graphics (2D) space; or curves,
:ii
is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive,
llbipbuilding,and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthesis, and many
"
;more. CAD is also widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies,
~:
'sing and technical manuals. The modem ubiquity and p'ower of computers means that
perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by
of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major
force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and
), and discrete differential geometry.
t
Computer-Aided Design software packages range from 2D vector graphics-based
systems to 3D solid modeling and freeform surface modeling. Modem CAD packages
also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object
any desired angle, even from the inside looking out. Some CAD software is capable of
.c mathematic modeling, in which case it may be marketed as CADD -
computer-aided
is used in the design of tools and machinery and in the drafting and design of all types of
, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial
(hospitalsand factories).
is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of physical
ts, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and
of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of
. g methods of components. It can also be used to design objects.
has ·becomean especially important technology within the scope of CAx, with benefits
as lower product development costs and a greatly shorte~ed design cycle. CAD enables
to layout and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving
!)ccupationsthat use CAD include engineers, designers, architects, and developers.
be analysis, designs, drafting and detailing of reinforced concrete structures require extreme
ccuracyand speed. These designs if done by humans are vulnerable to errors. As a result of this,
majority of these applications are based on the Finite-Element method of analysis. This
ethod facilitates computations in a wide range of physical problems including heat transfer,
'plication of the displacement/stiffness method. The use of a computer in the finite-element
Iproachis essential because of the large number of degrees of :freedom commonly involved.
a) STADD III:
lmprehensive structural software that addresses all aspects of structural engineering- model
velopment, analysis, design, visualization and verification.
b) AXIS VM:
truetural analysis and design with an updateable database of element sections and specifications
.
Ie in the market.
c) ANSYS:
-inclusive engineering software dealing with structural analysis and other engineering
.plines such as fluid dynamics, electronics and magnetism and heat transfer
d) ETABS:
. offers a sophisticated 3-D analysis and design for multi-storey building structures.
Engineers design floors that are two way spanning, that is reinforcing steel laid in two
'ODS
with coffers between to reduce the volume of concrete and therefore the self weight of
floor. By using this method of design they are normally able to achieve greater unsupported
between beams and columns, hence the preference for waftle slabs for the purpose of this
sal. Some of the other reasons why waftle slabs are preferred include:
L
The low self weight of the floor produces economies
in columns and foundations.
Generally, the deeper the floors the greater are the savings in materials.
b. The ability to raise long unsupported spans in modem buildings, allows partitions to be
located with complete flexibility and without interfering with the usable floor area.
c. Low self weight of the floor makes the system particularly suited to high rise structures.
d. The waffle slab can be used on a wide range of buildings types. Hospitals, car parks,
airport structures, industrial buildings and modem office blocks contain complex air
conditioning and other services. The slender structural topping to the slab provides the
facility to cater for openings to accept such services. This is a significant factor from a
designer's point of view, both structurally and architecturally.
e. The fInished floor provides an attractive visual feature and is often left exposed or
perhaps painted or spray coated.
f.
Often used in multi-storey car parks because of the attractive fInish to the underside.
1.4 Aims of the Project
Using the Microsoft Visual basic Computer Programming Language to design a waffle slab.
1.5 Objective of the Project
The aims of this project are:
1
To write a computer program that is able to design waffle slabs.
2
Compare computer aided design with manual hand design.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Tremendous amount of work have been done in the use of Computer Aided Designs for
Reinforced Concrete Structures. These CADs are able to do a very wide range of design
. procedure such as drafting, modelling, analysis, drawing, designing e.t.c., and are written with
different programming languages such as Fortran, Cobol, Java, C Sharp, C, C ++, which are also
compatible with a wide variety of Computer Operating Systems. Some of such written design
programs include Excel spreadsheets for analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures
such as beams, columns, slabs, staircases, column bases, Automatic Computer Aided Designs,
abbreviated as AutoCAD
which are used for drawing, drafting, detailing and designs of
s1ructures, BEAMAX used for analysis of beams to determine shear forces and moments at vital
points along the sections of the beams, STAAD.Pro, which are instrumental in the analysis,
design and detailing of entire reinforced concrete and steel structural components.
All these programs aid extensively in designs where manual computations would require tedious
analysis, and for long periods of time, and eventually increase cost for draughtsmen.
Programming
languages
are used to send information
computers. Hence, programming
to and receive
may be viewed as communicating
information
from
with a computer using
representative vocabulary and grammar. A program may be defined as a collection of code, that
, when properly executed, performs a required task.
Like almost any other "new age" programming language, Actionscript involves the use of
variables, operators, statements, conditionals, loops, functions, objects & arrays.
A combination of good use of Flash and good programming in Actionscript allows an
artistic application to be created, whether visually appealing or dynamically interactive.
ctionscriptalso has the distinct advantage of being easily understood, even to nonprogrammers,
to it's, more or less, use of English statements.
Originally software for Computer-Aided Design systems was developed with computer
languagessuch as Fortran, but with the advancement of Object-oriented programming methods
this has radically changed. Typical modem Parametric feature based modeler and Freeform
surfacesystems are built around a number of key programming language modules with their
Applicationprogramming interface. A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction
of a Graphical user interface (Gill) with NURBS geometry and/or Boundary representation (8rep)data via a Geometric modeling kernel. A geometry constraint engine may also be employed
to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a
sketchor components in an assembly.
.•Unexpectedcapabilities of these associative relationships have led to a new form of Prototyping
calledDigital prototyping. In contrast to physical prototypes, which entail manufacturing time
andin the design.
Today, CAD systems exist for all the major platforms - CAD systems like QCad, provide
multiplatform support including Microsoft Windows, Linux, UNIX and Mac OS X, and
Vectorworks work on both Windows and Mac OS X, but not on Linux; and, for example,
AutoCADworks on Windows.
Right now, no special hardware is required for most CAD software. However, some CAD
systemscan do graphically and computationally expensive tasks, So good Graphics, high speed
. (andpossibly multiple) Central processing unit and large amounts of RAM are recommended.
,
~
-
\
D wireframe is basically an extension of 2D drafting. Each line has to be manually inserted into
drawing. The final product has no mass properties associated with it and cannot have features
ctirectlyadded to it, such as holes. The operator approaches these in a similar fashion to the 2D
systems, although many 3D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final
'engineering drawing views.
3D "dumb" solids (programs incorporating this technology include AutoCAD and Cadkey 19)
are created in a way analogous to manipulations of real world objects. Basic three-dimensional
geometric forms (prisms, cylinders, spheres, and so on) have solid volumes added or subtracted
from them, as if assembling or cutting real-world objects. Two-dimensional projected views can
easily be generated from the models. Basic 3D solids don't usually include tools to easily allow
motion of components, set limits to their motion, or identify interference between components.
3D parametric Solid modeling require the operator to use what is referred to as "design intent".
The objects and features created are adjustable. Any future modifications
will be simple,
difficult, or nearly impossible, depending on how the original part was created. One must think
of this as being a "perfect world" representation of the component. If a feature was intended to be
located from the center of the part, the operator needs to locate it from the center of the model,
not, perhaps, from a more convenient edge or an arbitrary point, as he could when using "dumb"
solids. Parametric
solids require the operator to consider the consequences
of his actions
carefully.
Some software packages provide the ability to edit parametric and non-parametric
geometry
without the need to understand or undo the design intent history of the geometry by use of direct
ling functionality. This ability may also include the additional ability to infer the correct
'onships between selected geometry (e.g., tangency, concentricity) which makes the editing
s less time and labor intensive while still freeing the engineer from the burden of
ding the model's software.. These kind of non history based systems are called Explicit
odelers.The first Explicit Modeling system was introduced to the world at the end of 80's by
ewlett-Packardunder the name Solid Designer.
views are able to be generated easily from the models. Assemblies usually incorporate
Is to represent the motions of components, set their limits, and identify interference. The·tool
'ts available for these systems are ever increasing; including 3D piping and injection mold
Mid range software are integrating parametric solids more easily to the end user: integrating
moreintuitive functions, using the best of both 3D dumb solids and parametric characteristics
VectorWorks,making very real-view scenes in relative few steps.
Top end systems offer the capabilities to incorporate more organic, aesthetics and ergonomic
features into designs Generative Components. Freeform surface modelling is often combined
with solids to allow the designer to create products that fit the human form and visual
requirementsas well as they interface with the machine.
Beginning in the 1980s Computer-Aided Design programs reduced the need of significantly
especially in small to mid-sized companies. Their affordability and ability to run on personal
computersalso allowed engineers to do their own drafting work eliminating the need for entire
departments. In Today's world most if not all students in universities do not learn drafting
techniquesbecause they are not required to do so. The days of manual and technical Mechanical
arealmost obsolete. Universities no longer require the use of protractors and compasses to create
technicaldrawings, instead there are several classes that focus on the use of CAD software such
as AutoCAD.
Another consequence had been that since the latest advances were often quite expensive, small
and even mid-size firms often could not compete against large firms who could use their
computational edge for competitive purposes. Today, however, hardware and software costs
have come down. Even high-end packages work on less expensive platforms and some even
support multiple platforms. The costs associated with CAD implementation now are more
heavily weighted to the costs of training in the use of these high level tools, the cost of
integrating a CAD/CAM/CAE PLM using enterprise across multi-CAD and multi-platform
environments and the costs of modifying design work flows to exploit the full advantage of CAD
tools. CAD vendors have effectively lowered these training costs. These methods can be split
into three categories:
1. Improved and simplified user interfaces. This includes the availability of "role" specific
tailorable user interfaces through which commands are presented to users in a form
appropriate to their function and expertise.
2. Enhancements to application software. One such example is improved design-in-context,
through the ability to modeVedit a design component from within the context of a large,
even multi-CAD, active digital mockup.
3. User oriented modeling options. This includes the ability to free the user from the need to
understand the design intent history of a complex intelligent model.
4. CAD software is being used on large scale basis by a number of engineering
professionals and firms for various applications. The most common application of CAD
software is designing and drafting. Here are some of the benefits of implementing CAD
systems in the companies:
CAD software is being used on large scale basis by a number of engineering professionals and
firmsfor various applications. The most common application of CAD software is designing and
drafting.Here are some of the benefits of implementing CAD systems in the companies:
2.3.1 Increase in the productivity of the designer: The CAD software helps designer in
visualizing the final product that is to be made, it subassemblies and the constituent parts. The
product can also be given animation and see how the actual product will work, thus helping the
designer to immediately make the modifications if required. CAD software helps designer in
synthesizing, analyzing, and documenting the design. All these factors help in drastically
improving the productivity of the designer that translates into fast designing, lower designing
cost and shorter project completion times.
2.3.2 Improve the quality of the design: With the CAD software the designing professionals
are offered large number of tools that help in carrying out thorough engineering analysis of the
proposed design. The tools also help designers to consider large number of investigations. Since
the CAD systems offer greater accuracy, the errors are reduced drastically in the designed
product leading to better design. Eventually, better design helps carrying out manufacturing
fasterand reducing the wastages that could have occurred because of the faulty design.
1.3.3 Better communications:
The next important part after designing is making the drawings.
With CAD software better and standardized drawings can be made easily. The CAD software
helps in better documentation of the design, fewer drawing errors, and greater legibility.
1.3.4 Creating
documentation
of the designing:
Creating the documentation
of designing is
one of the most important parts of designing and this can be made very conveniently by the CAD
software. The documentation of designing includes geometries and dimensions of the product, its
subassemblies and its components, material specifications for the components, bill of materials
for the components etc.
2.3.5 Creating
the database
for manufacturing:
When the creating
the data for the
documentation of the designing most of the data for manufacturing is also created like products
and component drawings, material required for the components, their dimensions, shape etc.
2.3.6 Saving of design data and drawings:
All the data used for designing can easily be saved
and used for the future reference, thus certain components don't have to be designed again and
again. Similarly, the drawings can also be saved and any number of copies can be printed
whenever required. Some of the component drawings can be standardized and be used whenever
required in any future drawings. (Mikell P. Groover and Emory W. Zimmers)
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CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
A Visual basic program is a text file containing a sequence of commands put together according
to the laws of Visual basic grammar. This text file is known as the source file.
3.1 A Brief History of Visual basic
It was designed, implemented, and developed by real, working programmers, reflecting the way
they approached the job of programming.
Its features were honed, tested, thought about, and
rethought by the people who actually used the language. As a result, Visual basic attracted many
proponents and quickly became the language of choice of programmers around the world. C
grew out of the structured
programming
revolution
of the
1960s. Prior to structured
programming, large programs were difficult to write because the program logic tended to
degenerate into what is known as "spaghetti code," a tangled mass of jumps, calls, and returns
that is difficult to follow. Structured languages addressed this problem by adding well-defined to
give programmers
more tools with which to handle the complexity.
The first widely used
computer language was, of course, FORTRAN. While FORTRAN was a very impressive first
step, it is hardly a language that encourages clear, easy-to-understand
programs. Using structured
languages, it became possible to write moderately large programs. Although there were other
structured languages at the time, such as Pascal, C was the first to successfully combine power,
elegance, and expressiveness. Its terse, yet easy-to-use syntax coupled with its philosophy that
the programmer (not the language) was in charge quickly won many converts. It can be a bit hard
to understand
from today's
perspective,
but Visual basic was a breath of fresh air that
programmers had long awaited. As a result, Visual basic became the most widely used structured
programming language of the 1980s.
Approaches to programming have changed dramatically since the invention of the computer. For
example, when computers were first invented, programming was done by using the computer's
.front panel to toggle in the binary machine instructions. As long as programs were just a few
hundred instructions long, this approach worked. As programs grew, assembly language was
invented so that programmers could deal with larger, increasingly complex programs by using
symbolic representations of the machine instructions. As Programs continued to grow, high-level
languages were developed result, Visual basic attracted many proponents and quickly became
the language of choice of programmers around the world.
3.2 Wame Slabs
3.2.1 Design procedure
Two-way spanning ribbed slabs are termed waffie slabs. The general provisions for construction
and design procedure are given in BS8110. These conditions are set out above dealing with oneway ribbed slabs.
Moments for design may be taken from Table 3.14 of the code for slabs simply supported on
four sides or for panels supported on four sides with provision for torsion at the comers. Slabs
may be made solid near supports to increase moment and shear resistance and provide flanges
for support beams. In edge slabs, solid areas are required to contain the torsion steel.
3.2.1.1 Specification
Design a waffie slab for an internal panel of a floor system that is constructed on an 8m square
module. The total dead load is 6.5 kN/m2 and the imposed load is 2.5 kN/m2. The materials of
construction are grade 30 concrete and grade 460 reinforcement.
3.2.1.2 Arrangement
of slab
Aplan of the slab arrangement is shown in below. The slab is made solid for 500 mm from each
support.The proposed section through the slab is shown also.
The proportions chosen for rib width, rib depth, depth of topping and rib spacing meet
variousrequirements set out in 888110: Part 1, section 3.6. The rib width is the
minimum specified for fire resistance given in Fig. 3.2 of the code. From Table 3.4
the cover required for mild exposure is 25 mm.
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·'·-~.:
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..
: .. '"'_
i
!
~
125
.
!
·'--r
W.~.·..;.•.........
,
-'
LJji:!
...-,.--L:L
.,
lie,
from Table 3.15,
Support msx=-O.031 x13.1 x82/2=-12.99 kN m
Ourerlayerd=275-25-6-6=238mm
Innerlayerd=275-25-6-12-6=226
K" -
12.9'9 x 10"
,lyf
- bd21~...
...•.
5(X)
x
.... .-
23Sz
x
30
mm
O.lH5
z "" 238105 + ({US - 0.015/0.9)1;21
:'!:l 233.l\rnm
p O.95tl= 226,1 mm
12, t)t) x lO~
x 460 x
'0 Centre a/span,
T-beam, d=226 mm The flange breadth b is 500 mm. The
ment of resistance of the section when 0.9x equals the depth of topping (75 mm) is
&95.4 kN m> 10.06 kN m
Theneutral axis lies in the flange. The steel area can be calculated in the same way as
forthe support steel.
As=117.l mm2 per rib
Provide two 10 mm diameter bars with area 157 mm2.
3.2.1.4Reinforcement in topping
The area required per metre width is
0.12x75xl000/l00=90
mm2/m
The spacing of the wires is not to be greater than one-half the centre-to-centre
distance of the ribs, i.e. 250 mm. Provide wrapping mesh with
area 98 mm2/m and wire spacing 200 mm in the centre of the topping.
3.2.1.5Arrangement of the reinforcement
The arrangement of the reinforcement and shear reinforcement in the rib is shown
in figure 3.2.
~-j_
....
,
~
tthose of level soffits. Standard moulds are 225,325 and 425 mm deep and are used with toppings
Input values for slab length
and breadth
Input values for mould
length and breadth
Input values fo
concrete height and
weight of weight of
concrete i.e.
24kN/m3
Input number
of moulds in a
panel
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1Choice of Programming Language
Any object oriented programming language can be used to implement our design; however, of all
v*,
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,.
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" aJ:aaVelua
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COna.e¢':1.c:n
.A¢¢~.ICc:nne¢':lc:n3':r1!1q) ;
Then
" a%•• ~;.lu.
• .:u't.S¢.1.J: 1•• 1eo,:Qu.e:y, CenneC':lc:n .Ae¢euCOrulee:1en!':J:Ulql)
Then
, :.capOu:~u:
Irl
Reid',
Figure 4.1: The Microsoft Visual Basic Programming interface.
Input values for slab length
and breadth
Input values for mould
length and breadth
Input values fo
concrete height and
weight of weight of
concrete i.e.
24kN/m3
Input number
of moulds in a
panel
Input values for the
minimum cover and the
radius of reinforcement
Input live load and
dead load factors
Factor load of
finishes and
im osed load factor
Input moment of coefficient for the slab span and support
from the table of moment of coefficient BS8110 code.
Enter values for the
factor of percentage
increase for the support
and span reinforcements
and factor increase for
slab portion
It should be noted that the properties of the mould which include the length, breadth, depth,
volume of void in the mould, and the number of mould in a square metre of slab span are
specified by the manufacturer. The units of lengths and breadths are in mID.
The program thus computes and yields various results based on the number of output specified
by the user and the percentage factor of increase of the values required. It show a result interface
of values that are available from the table of areas of beams provided table according to BS 8110
specification. The program computes the areas provided and the corresponding areas of bars and
also specifies the number of bars that are requied for such areas. Therefore, the user can simple
choose from a list of bar areas according to his engineerinng discresion, and results from this can
be printed into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet format. Below are some slides showing computed
values of different slab parameters:
4.2.1 Slab Parameter One:
Slab length: 7200mm
Slab breadth: 7200mm
Size of moulds: 900mm x 900mm
Concrete depth: 500mm
Mould properties ( as specified by the manufacturer):
volume of void per mould=
0.194m3
Minimum cover for reinforcement: 25mm
Radius of reinforcement: 10mm
Dead load factor: 1.4
Live load factor: 1.6
Imposed load factor: 5kN/m
Strength of steel (Fcu steel): 460N/mm2
Strength of concrete (Fy steel): 25N/mm2
Moment of coeffient for span: 0.024
Moment of coeffient for support: 0.032
Required percentage increase factor for span and support reinforcement is 45%.
Thus, click compute and the following results are obtained, as printed from an excel
spreadsheet.
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Identity
Area Required
45% of Area Required
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Value
118
171
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
402
452
471
491
550
566
Identity
Area Value
No & Bar Sizes
Area Required
157
228
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
402
452
471
491
550
566
603
628
2Y10
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
3Y10
5Y8
6Y8
1Y20 4Yl0
3Y12
7Y8
5Y10
2Y168Y8
4Y12
6Yl0
1Y25
7Y10
5Y12
3Y16
2Y20 8Y10
1Y16 4Y8
2Y12
3Y10
5Y8
6Y8
1Y20 4Y10
3Y12
7Y8
5Y10
2Y16 8Y8
4Y12
6Y10
1Y25
7Y10
5Y12
No
Identity
Area Value
1
Area Required
234
2
1% of Area
Required
23634
3
Area Provided
566
200mm
YB @ 50rnm Y16 @
4
Area Provided
1010
5
Area Provided
1570
200mm
Y10 @ 50mm Y20 @
200mm
6
Area Provided
2260
7
Area Provided
4020
8
Area Provided
6280
Slab Portion
Y6 @ 50mm Y12 @
Y12 @50mm
Y16 @ 50mm Y32 @
200mm
Y20 @ 50mm Y40 @
200mm
9
Area Provided
9820
Y25@50mm
10
Area Provided
16100
Y32@50mm
11
Area Provided
25100
Y40@50mm
12
Area Provided
25100
Y4O@50mm
Length:
Breadth:
Sj.z•• of
Hou1.d
Length:
Breadth:
Varj.abl.es
<_,
7200
.
7200
. I_I
900
.t_l
900
.(->
k COnstant.
Nl:NXIIUH
COVER:
RADIUS OF RIl:INFORCEMEN"I':
Basi.a
_igbt:
500
inC_l
24
. nal/-.3)
1.4
.•••.
.•. Il. 5
1..2
.•. Il."
Noul.d
voj.d/Voul.d:
No Moul.d/Pane1.:
0.1.94
49
. (.-3,
•••
Q.
Sl.ab
coeffioient(SPAN):
coefficient
Aeqnired
~o
S'l'EEL:
B (f):
•••••••••
nt of
Vo1.umeof
CONCRETE:
F (y)
•••••••••
nt of
Portion
5
1..6
LOAD FACTOR:
F (au)
h:
.•.••. 5
(LIVE)
IMPOSED LOAD FAC'I.'OR:
Depth,
.•. ".
10
(DEAD) LOAD FAC'I.'OR:
FAC'l'OR LOAD FINISHES:
concrete
25
25
460
1.30
.•. ". 5
",/-.2,
. <M/-ZI
. <_I
0.024
.•.••.••
(SUPPOR'I'): 0.032
.•. " .••
'lr Increa ••• Factor:
'lr Inor.a
5
s
••e
Faotor:
45
.•. Il.
1
.•• "."
5
IX.:.XII,,,,,;I'c,lll.i.M.I'IJ.I.lIl~~\I!'17','I.~Il;ltt_l\T),I"";,I,,IIPIl'i";lflllll.;.IN,I
.•,.lfl,'II;;:;:£iiiI;;,.,I.,!1!";;.:I;,.,I~I
..;;,I_I, •.:,Il,,.~Il)~!~~
II
'j
:"ti~~~=.t
r~lab!. Val""
2
I 3
I 4
I 5
I6
I 7
18
!9
110
I 11
112
I
'45'of Are~_~ired
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
.AreaProvided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
.AreaProvided
1I1'(IL.'II'!~.l'iI,'II;I.J.•I'IlJ,;IIIIA;:UII
...;l!!Ii!llllM:L.,'1I,,_11..,11, .11.
I.,."
Identity
-.:-;.;
~~~1'f~l!l
-:;-li
lY16
2Y12
3YI0
5Y8
6Y8
lY20
3Y12
7Y8
5YI0
2Y16
.1I
..•_,Il.....
II...,I!~'ItI!lIl1'P~~,IIIl;;;I!l./JIl!II:::II;€I!!I._II,.,""1I.;~lI".I!.,!IIIII,.;.I!.;".,:!lw~!!.nJl!li'!lr!l*!!llJ.'r!~,%~~~1i!li'.,;.1ill!;Mli",{~l?il/r!ll!lyl'~!!IlI!!;~tmf',~!!l!!;,,;
~~~~I~~~_~=J-suPPortl
Sl.ab
No
171
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
402
No ,;;-.;:;~~~-
••
I
[SUp;;rt
Area Value
45' of Area Requir~!228
Area Provided
236
Area Provided
252
Area Provided
302
Area Provided
314
Area Provided
339
Area Provided
352
Area Provided
393
Area Provided
402
Area Provided
452
Area Provided
471
3YI0
5Y8
6Y8
lY20 4YI0
3Y12
7Y8
5YI0
2Y16 8Y8
4Y12
6YI0
'fo Excel.
J
I ~~~
+~...
.!! ~
.•..
I
!1' of Area Requi~1236.34
12260
~-I~i-*~::-.,.-+:~:~----
Y6 & 50---.-!12_& 20~_
Y8 @ 50Y16 & 200nm
Y10 & 50Y20 @ 20
Y12 & 5Gmm
I
~~:--i:: --------,
9
Y25 @ 505Gmm
_!rOVi~_,_,~~()~_______
5
6
i 1010
Area Provided
IArea Provided
jArea Provided
---Ti570-'
--------------------4----
.
[Area Provided
--- I
-
19820
I
~~---~~J;;.~;;;;------@i~-------~:::
12 __JArea __
J?.E~vided
25100
Y40
@
5Gmm ,
50-
.
Slablength:7000nun
Slab breadth: 3000nun
Mould properties ( as specified by the manufacturer): volume of void per mould=
O.194m3
Strength of steel (Fcu steel): 460N/mm2
Strength of concrete (Fy steel): 25N/mm2
spreadsheet.
Area
Value
No
Identity
1
12
2
Area Required
3
Area Provided
20
4
Area Provided
25
No & Bar
Sizes
18
5
Area Provided
32
6
Area Provided
40
7
8
Area Provided
Area Provided
50
1Y8
78
1Y10
9
Area Provided
101
2Y8
10
Area Provided
113
1Y12
11
151
3Y8
12
Area Provided
Area Provided
157
2Y10
13
Area Provided
201
1Y16 4Y8
14
Area Provided
226
15
Area Provided
16
Area Provided
236
252
2Y12
3Y10
17
Area Provided
302
5Y8
6Y8
Table 4: Results Of Area Of Span Reinforcement Provided (7000x3000)
Identity
Area
Value
No
Area Required
16
23
3
Area Provided
4
Area Provided
32
5
Area Provided
40
1
2
25
No & Bar
Sizes
2
3
Area Provided
4
Area Provided
5
6
Area Provided
7
Area Provided
23
25
32
40
50
78
101
113
151
157
201
226
236
252
302
314
Area Provided
8
Area Provided
9
Area Provided
10
Area Provided
11
Area Provided
12
13
14
15
16
17
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
lY8
lY10
2Y8
lY12
3Y8
2Y10
lY16 4Y8
2Y12
3Y10
SY8
6Y8
lY20 4YI0
Table 5: Results Of Area Of Support Reinforcement Provided (700Ox30000)
No
Identity
Area Value
1
2340
2
Area Required
1% of Area
Required
2363.4
3
Area Provided
4020
4
5
6
7
8
Area Provided
Area Provided
9
Area Provided
6280
9820
16100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
25100
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Slab Portion
Y.
@ 50mm Y32 @
200mm
ye@ SOmm Y40 @
200mm
Y25@50mm
Y32@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
Y40@50mm
"Prnoro ••• Tnnnt Tnt•.••••.
g •••..
Table 6: Results Of Area Of Slab Portion Reinforcement Provided (7200x7200)
j
Page 136
j
j
j
rhne~
---------~~
Variab~.s
I
r
i
Length:
7000
Breadth:
3000
8ize of lfOu~d
Lenqth:
1
Breadth:
'
I
~ COnstants
JaNDaJl(
COVER:
RADIUS OF REDIFORCEMEIft:
900
.I_I
900
.I_I
CONCREft:
F(y) S'nmL:
h:
B(f):
Weight:
Moment of coeffioient
of void/lfOu~d:
No Nou~d/Pane~:
au.
No
i2
13
'4
15
6
!
7
ie
1,9
49
1
!
i
!
12
13
14
15
: 16
; 17
10
Slab
Portion
II
···0· II
1.2
.•. 0'. II
5
.•.g. II
25
.111/-.21
460
. (11/-.21
130
.1-1
0.024
.•. 0'. II
(SUPPOll~): 0.032
···9· II
~ Inorea_
Faotor:
45
···9· II
~ Xnorea_
Faotor:
1
.•. 0'. !l
[8awcn~I.-.1Ab-~.kea Va1.ue
Xdenti.ty
No"
,1.
'Area-!~~.1~-==---=-=r~~=----
'45'
Area
o~ Area a.qa..1red
Prov.1c1ed
,25
=:i~:: --.--f~--------
.. - ------------·--··i
- -------_._-
Area Prov.1c1ed
- _...._...
_-Area Prov.1c1ed
Area prov.1ct.d.-_._--~
110
11
Required
.•. 9.
i
9.
.•. 9. II
d£U$';;'J1I1,.~M.;$,P!*,hii!i~!!!!~~,~!!t%"#M.~!ii!i~i!.'~~~f~
r~~illJ Span
i
0.194 .(lIS I
.•.
1.6
LOAD FAC'l'OR:
FAe'l'OR LOAD FINISHES:
lIou~d
10
(LIVE)
MOmentof coeffioient(SPAN):
:Vo~_
i
1.4
F (eu)
Basio
·.·9· II
(DEAD) LOAD FAC'l'OR:
IMPOSED LOAD FAC'l'OR:
Depth,
25
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
.. _".
-.----
- -------+-------150
- - -"- ------,·T-·'···--~-·--
.7.
-
--[foi
----------_
....j
Prov.1c1ed
i113
prov1.d..;d._===····-T!~i-= __
Prov.1c1ed
i 157 _
Prov.1ded _...
1201
Prov.1c1ed -----1226---Provided
Provided
Provided
~-----_._--__r_------~---.
,236
--j~!i~--'302
1Y8
1Y10
2Y8
1Y12
3Y8
2Y10
1Y16
2Y12
----'jyiO
:SY8
6Y8
Bar
She.
L__~ __
!c>_~~
.1
.,
••
-......
., """"}?'.','
r:t~-t; [~~
i
I
j, shb
Area
Val.ue
. .-•
12
45% of Area Bsqn1.red 43
Prov1.ded
50
13
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
;4
i5
i6
7
,8
9
i 10
i 11
!
12
:13
14
,15
!
fs~pport
Ident1. ty
No
16
17
Provided
Provi.ded
Prov:lded
ProvJ.d8d
ProvJ.ded
Prov:lded
ProvJ.ded
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
78
1Y8
1Yl0
101
113
151
2Y8
157
201
226
236
252
302
2Yl0
lY12
3Y8
1Y16
eYe
2Y12
........... __ ._ .._----_ .._·3Yl0
5Y8
'~'-'.-"""
314
339
Portion ~
Area Provided
Area Provided
,Ar8a-p~ovided
~.'
566
1010
Y6 @ 50Jnm
Y8 @ 50m1l1.
--._---~._-_.,-_._~
1570
Y10
'Area Provided
2260
Area Provided
Area Provided
6280
Y12
Y16
Y20
,--,'.
.' .. -.- .. -.,.,
Area Provided
Area Provided
4020
9820
Area Provided
16100
25100
Area Provided
25100
Y25
Y32
@ 50mm
@ 50mm
50mm
Y32
50ml1l Y40
@ 50mm
@ 50mm
@ 50mm
@
@
@
@
@ 501mft
Exce~
I
Thus, click compute and the following results are obtained, as printed from an excel
No
Identity
Area
Value
1
Area Reauired
31
2
45% of Area
46
No & Bar
Sizes
:..:t.iirea
3
Area Provided
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
50
78
101
113
151
157
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
lY8
ly,n
2Y8
lY12
3Y8
2Yl0
lYl64Y8
2Yl2
3Yl0
5Y8
6Y8
lY20 4Yl0
3Yl2
7Y8
5YlO
Table 8: Results Of Area Of Support Reinforcement Provided (6000x4000)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Identity
Area Required
45% of Area
Required
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
8
Area Provided
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Value
No & tsar ~Izes
42
61
78
101
113
151
157
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
402
lYlO
2Y8
lYl2
3Y8
2YlO
lYl64Y8
2Yl2
3YlO
5Y8
6Y8
lY20 4YlO
3Yl2
7Y8
5YlO
2Yl68Y8
TABLE 9: Results Of Area Of Slab Portion Reinforcement Provided (6000X4000)
-
No
Identity
Area
Value
Slab Portion
Identity
Area Value
1
Area Required
2
3
4
1% of Area Required
Area Provided
78
78.78
566
Y6 @ 50mm Y12 @ 200mm
Area Provided
1010
Y8 @ 50mm Yl6 @ 200mm
Area Provided
1570
YlO @ 50mm Y20 @ 200mm
5
Area Provided
2260
Y12@50mm
6
Area Provided
4020
Y16 @ 50mm Y32 @ 200mm
7
8
9
Area Provided
Y20 @ 50mm Y40 @ 200mm
Area Provided
6280
9820
Area Provided
16100
Y32@50mm
10
Area Provided
25100
Y4O@50mm
11
Area Provided
25100
Y4O@50mm
12
No
Y25@50mm
TABLE 10: Results of Area of Slab Portion Reinforcement
variab1es
Length:
6000
Breadth:
4000
~ constants
MINIMUM
.<_I
RADIUS
.<_I
OF
LOAD
(LI:VEI LOAD
of Iloul.d
Length:
750
Breadth:
750
FACTOR
LOAD
XMPOSED
_sic
h:
Weight:
400
::Ln<--t
24
. (EII/-5)
MOment
I
MOment
\ Iloul.d
I
VolWt18
of
No
voi.d/Ilou1d:
llou1d/Pane1
:
0.135
50
(-.3 ~
.a·if-
s1ab
of
of
.a·v·
FAC~R:
1.6
1.2
5
FACTOR:
21
Q.
.
fI
.•.
g:-
.
fI
.•.
g.
•
•
•
•
•
•
(Hh_21
STEEL:
380
. tH/-':,
Btf)
130
.{.-}
coeffioienttSPAN)
coefficient
.e.
10
1.4
CONCRETE:
F(y)
25
FACTOR:
FINISHES:
LOAD
F(cu)
Depth.
COVER:
REI:NFORCEHENT:
(DEAD)
Size
Provided (600Ox4000)
:
:
(SUPPORT) :
ReqUired
% Increase
Factor:
portion
, Increase
Factor:
Program Span Reinforcement Provided Area Interface
0.024
.•. ;r.
•
0.032
a·if-
0
45
1
\1.
•
~.
•
...
.•.
!-~~.~_
.._-~"
I
No
i
\2
13
!:16
17
is
I
19
, 10
111
i
12
13
1
i 14
115
16
!i
17
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
Provided
50
7S
101
113
151
157
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
lYS
lYl0
2YS
lY12
3YS
2Yl0
lY16
2Y12
3Yl0
5YS
6YS
lY20
3Y12
7YS
5Yl0
4YS
4Yl0
1
I
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided.
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided
Area Provided.
61
7S
101
113
151
157
201
226
236
252
302
314
339
352
393
402
lY10
2YS
lY12
3YS
2Yl0
lY16
2Y12
3Yl0
5YS
6YS
lY20
3Y12
7YS
5Yl0
2Y16
4YS
4Yl0
SYS
suPPort
oroExcei·-]
iii· WlIIfIe SIIb Desigft
Inputs span
Support Slab
2
1\
3
Area
of Area
Provided
Required
78.78
566
4
Area
Provided
1010
5
Area
Provided
1570
6
Area
Provided
2260
7
Area
Provided
4020
8
Area
Provided
6280
9820
9
Area
Provided
10
Area
Provided
16100
11
Area
Provided
25100
12
Area
Provided
25100
Y6
50mm Y12
Y8 @ 50mm
YI0 ~ SOmm
Y12 @ 5Qmm
@
Y16 @ 50mm Y32
Y20 @ 50mm Y40
Y25 @ SQmm
Y32
Y40
@
50mm
50mm
Y40 @ SOmm
@
@
@
20
a
20
·
The documentation produced during this phase consists of the commented source code for the
manual, database manual and the other manuals.
Once the product has been deployed on the designated computer, any changes to the system
constitute maintenance. However, maintenance is not an activity grudgingly carried out after the
product has been installed on the designated computer, but on the contrary, it is an integral part
of the software process that must be planned for from the beginning. A major aspect of
maintenance phase is record of all the changes made, together with the reason for each change.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
During the last few decades, computer software has become more and more critical in the
analysis of engineering and scientific problems. Much of the reason for this change from manual
methods has been the advancement of computer techniques developed by the research
community and, in particular, universities.
As both the Technology and Engineering industries advance, new methodologies of interlinking
and complementing the industries via computer applications will be created, with a similar
improvement in hardware capacities. This in turn will facilitate the implementation of more
efficient and professional engineering software. As these software applications advance in
functionality, one can hope that they will be more affordable so as to promote their widespread
usage amongst civil engineers at a global scale.
The following are the drawn up conclusions that have emanated from the research and
implementation of this project:
• A user-friendly program for the computer analysis and reinforced concrete design of waffle
slabs has been successfully created and does the following:
-Inputs the panel size length and breadth in mm, the size of mould in mm, concrete depth in mm
and basic weight in kN/m"'.
-Inputs variables such that includes the minimum cover, the radius of reinforcement, dead and
live load factors, factor load finishes, imposed load factors, Fcu concete, Fy steel, moment of
coefficient for the span and the support.
The program instantaneously calculates and displays the results of the area of reinforcement of
the SPan reinforcement, the support reinforcements and the slab portion.
From the areas of span and support calculated, the areas provided are specified by the program
based on a required increase factor for both the SPan and the support.
The overall ease with which a user applies this program to everyday waftle slab design tasks by
entering parameters and instantaneously receiving the results in an
understandable manner, enabling a great time saving, accuracy and hence, an optimized
design.
The final results of this project were in line with the expectations and objectives.
5.2 Recommendations
The recommendations directly affiliated with this program are given as follows:
All code developed for this plotting module has been printed in Appendix.
1.
To continue developing, expanding and improving this software application hoping that
one day, it will be a full structural analysis program catering for the analysis and design
of frames, trusses and other structural elements.
11.
Other general recommendations regarding the developments and advances in computer
lll.
applications and civil engineering:
iv.
The department should encourage conducting similar final year projects dealing with
computer applications in the future.
v.
More emphasis regarding computer technology and applications to engineering should be
made at an academic level in different courses. This would broaden the intellect of
students as well as expose them to new technologies in all engineering disciplines.
1. British Standards Institution. BS 8110-1. Structural use of concrete - Code of practice
for design and construction. BSI, 1997.
2. British
Standards
Institution.
BS EN 1992-1-1,
Eurocode
2: Design of concrete
structures. General rules and rules for building. BSI, 2004.
3. Coates R. C., Coutie M. G. & Kong F. K.; "Structura I Analysis", 3rd Edition, ELBS,
1987
4. Excerpt from Analysis & Design of concrete structures (Roberts & Marshall)
5. Extracts from British Standards for Students of Structural Design", BSI, 1988
6. Ghali A. & Neville A. M.; "Structural Analysis", 4th Edition, E & FN Spon, 1997
7. Manual for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures", Institute of
8. Manual for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures", Institute of
Structural Engineers, 1985
9.
Mikell P. Groover and Emory W. Zimmers; 'Computer Programming Languages for
dummies', McGraw Hill, 2004.
10. Moock C.; "Actionscript: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilly & Associates, 2001
11. Mosley N. H. and J.H. Bungey (1987), Reinforced Concrete Design, 3rd edition, Great
Britain, Camelot Press pic.
12. Mosley W. H. & Bungey J. H.; "Reinforced Concrete Design", 4th Edition, Macmillan
Press, 1990
13. Norris C. H., Wilbur J. B. & Utslu S.; "Elementary Structural Analysis", 3rd Edition,
McGraw Hill, 1976
14. Onsongo W. M.; "Statically Determinate Structures", Nairobi University Press, 1993
15.0yenuga,
V.O (2001), Simplified
Reinforced
Concrete Design, 2nd editiOn, Lagos
(Nigeria), Asros limited.
16. Perry J. H. & Perry R. H.; "Engineering Manual", McGraw Hill, 1959
17. Reinforced. Concrete.Designers.Handbook.l
Oth.Ed.Reynolds. Steedman
18. Structural Engineers, 1985
19. Swannell P.; "Revision Notes on Theory of Structures", Butterworth & Co., 1972
20. Timoshenko S. P. & Young D. H.; "Theory of Structures", 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill,
1965
21. Todd J. D.; "Structural Theory & Analysis", 2nd Edition, Macmillan Press, 1981
22. Wang Chu-Kia & Eckel C. L.; "Elementary Theory of Structures", McGraw Hill, 1957
Me.waitLabel.Visible
True
Me. Update ()
Try
OutputSpanResults()
OutputSupportResults()
OutputSlabResults()
Me.mainTabControl.SelectedTab
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox. Show (ex.Message,
MessageBoxlcon.Error)
End Try
Me.waitLabel.Visible
False
End Sub
= Me.spanTabPage
"vJaffleSlab",
Private Function GetBarSizeFor(ByVal
areaValue
Dim tempOutput As String = String.Empty
Dim barOutputList As String = String.Empty
MessageBoxButtons
.OK,
As Double) As String
Dim selectQuery As String = "SELECT DISTINCT(BarSize
FROM Beam WHERE
& areaValue
tempOutput
Convert. ToString (DataHandler.ExecuteScalar (selectQuery ,
Connection.AccessConnectionString»
If Not String. IsNullOrEmpty(tempOutput)
Then
barOutputList &="
lY" & tempOutput
End If
One
==
"
selectQuery
"SELECT
DISTINC'T
(BarSize)
FHO~j BE~a.In ~tJHERE T\"1o =
areaValue
tempOutput
Convert.ToString(DataHandler.ExecuteScalar(selectQuery,
Then
barOutputList &="
2Y" & ternpOutput
End If
"
&
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT (BarSize) FROtJi Beam \'JHEREThree == " &
areaValue
tempOutput
Convert. ToString (DataHandler.ExecuteScalar (selectQuery ,
Then
barOutputList &="
3Y" & tempOutput
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT (BarSize
FR01'lBeam vvHERE Four = " &
areaValue
ternpOutput
Convert.ToString (DataHandler. ExecuteScalar (selectQuery ,
Connection.AccessConnectionString))
If Not String. IsNullOrEmpty(ternpOutput)
Then
barOutputList &="
4Y" & ternpOutput
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT(BarSize)
EROfVlBi:am vJHERE Five .~ " &
areaValue
ternpOutput
Convert. ToString (DataHandler. ExecuteScalar (selectQuery ,
Then
barOutputList &="
5Y" & ternpOutput
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT(BarSize)
FROt1 Beam\"JHERE Six = " &
areaValue
ternpOutput
Convert. ToString (DataHandler.ExecuteScalar
(selectQuery ,
Then
barOutputList &="
6")''' & ternpOutput
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT (BarSi.ze) FROM Beam v-n·!EHESeven
"&
areaValue
ternpOutput
(selectQuery ,
Then
barOutputList
&="
7Y" & ternpOutput
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT
DISTI
(BarSize)
FR.OIVJ Beam, ~"JHF~RE E',i
areaValue
ternpOutput
Then
barOutputList &="
8Y" & ternpOutput
End If
H
&
Return barOutputList
End Function
Private Function GetSlabPortionFor(ByVal
areaValue
Dim ternpOutput As String = String.Empty
Dim barOutputList As String = String.Empty
Dim selectQuery
F
fty
As String
= "SELECT DIST
As Double) As String
i2e) FROM Slab WHERE
= " & areaValue
ternpOutput
Convert.ToString (DataHandler. ExecuteScalar (selectQuery ,
If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(ternpOutput)
ThenbarOutputList &="
Y" & ternpOutput & "
End If
selectQuery
"SELECT
DISTINCT(BarSize)
FROM
Slab WHERE
SeventyFive
=
" & areaValue
tempOutput
If Not String. IsNullOrEmpty
barOutputList
End If
&="
(tempOutput)
Y" & tempOutput
Then
&"
75mm"
selectQuery
"SELE,CT DISTINCT (BarSize) FROtl]Slab vJHERE OneHundred =
" & areaValue
tempOutput
(selectQuery ,
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " @ lOOmm"
&="
y" & tempOutput
OneHc:mdredAndTv;ent
" & areaValue
tempOutput
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " @ 125mm"
selectQuery
&="
y" & tempOutput
"SELECT
STINCT(BarSj"ze)
OneHundredAndFifty
,= " & areaValue
tempOutput
Convert.ToString
fEOl:Jl
(DataHandler.ExecuteScalar
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " '2 ~
&="
V"
& tempOutput
selectQuery
"SELECT
STINCT(BarSize)
neJ-Iund.reciP",rle),Sevent
" & areaValue
tempOutput
onnection.AccessConnectionString))
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " @
&="
y" & tempOutput
(selectQuery ,
Slab
r1JHERE
(selectQuery ,
(selectQuery ,
<
selectQuery
"SELECT DISTINCT (BarSize) FROM S
WHERE TwoHundred =
& areaValue
tempOutput
(selectQuery ,
onnection.AccessConnectionString))
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " @ 2 Omm"
&="
V" & tempOutput
selectQuery
"SELECT
DISTINCT(BarSize)
FROM
oHundreciAndFi it y
"&
areaValue
tempOutput
Convert.ToString (DataHandler.ExecuteScalar
nnection.AccessConnectionString))
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " 2 250mm"
&="
Y" & tempOutput
Slab
WHERE
(selectQuery ,
selectQuery
.~
"
"SELECT
DISTINCT (BarSize)
FROM Slab WHERE
ThreeHundred
& areaValue
tempOutput
Convert. ToString (DataHandler.ExecuteScalar(selectQuery,
Then
barOutputList
End If
& " @ 300mm"
&="
y" & tempOutput
Return barOutputList
End Function
Private Sub OutputSpanResults()
Dim objTable As New DataTable("Waffle
Dim objRow As DataRow
objTable.Columns .Add ("No")
Slap")
objTable.Columns.Add("Identity")
objTable. Columns .Add ("l\,reaValue")
objTable.Columns.Add("No
E, Bar Sizes")
, initialize
Dim
row data.
spanAreaValue
As
Math.Round(GetAreaOfSpanReinforcementRequired(),
0)
objRow = objTable.NewRow
obj Row (0 )
"1"
objRow(l)
"Area Required"
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
GetBarSizeFor(spanAreaValue)
.Trim()
objTable. Rows.Add (objRow)
, initialize
row data.
spanAreaValue
= Math.Round(GetAreaOfSpanReinforcementProvided(),
obj Row (0 )
"2 "
objRow(l)
Me.percentagelncreaseFactorTextBox.Text
+"
"+
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
objTable.Rows.Add(objRow)
0)
"of Area
.Trim()
For i As Integer = 1 To Convert. Tolnt32 (Me.outputTextBox.Text)
• search for the next available area.
For j As Integer = 0 To masterBeamList.Count
- 1
If masterBeamList.ltem(j)
> spanAreaValue
Then
spanAreaValue
= Convert.ToDouble(masterBeamList.ltem(j»
Exit For
End If
Next
objRow(O)
i + 2
objRow(l)
"Area Provided"
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
Next
.Trim()
Me.spanDataGridView.DataSource
End Sub
Private Sub OutputSupportResults()
Dim objTable As New DataTable("\r~affle S
objTable.Columns.Add("Identity")
obj Table. Columns .Add ("Area Value")
objTable.Columns.Add("No
& Bar Sizes")
")
, initialize row data.
Dim
spanAreaValue
As
Math.Round(GetAreaOfSupportReinforcementRequired(),
0)
obj Row (0 )
"1"
objRow(l)
"l-\rea
red"
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
.Trim()
spanAreaValue
Math.Round(GetAreaOfSupportReinforcementProvided(),
obj Row (0 )
"2 "
objRow(l)
Me.percentagelncreaseFactorTextBox.Text
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
+"
"+
"of Area
.Trim()
For i As Integer = 1 To Convert.Tolnt32 (Me.outputTextBox. Text)
, search for the next available area.
For j As Integer = 0 To masterBeamList.Count
- 1
If masterBeamList.ltem(j)
> spanAreaValue Then
spanAreaValue = Convert.ToDouble(masterBeamList.ltem(j»
Exit For
End If
Next
objRow(O)
i + 2
objRow(l)
"Area Provided"
objRow(2)
spanAreaValue
objRow(3)
.Trim()
Next
Me.supportDataGridView.DataSource
End Sub
Private Sub OutputSlabResults()
Dim objTable As New DataTable("\rJaff:LeS
")
objTable. Columns .Add ("Identi ty")
objTable.Columns .Add ("Area Value")
objTable.Columns.Add("Slab
Portion")
Dim portionAreaValue
As
Double
obj Row (0)
"1"
objRow(l)
"Area
objRow(2) = portionAreaValue
objRow(3) = GetSlabPortionFor(portionAreaValue)
.Trim()
initialize row data.
portionAreaValue
Math.Round(GetAreaOfSlabPortion(),
GetSlabPortionPercentageIncreaseFactor()
objRow(O)
"2"
obj Row (1) = Me. slabPortionPercentageIncreaseFactorTextBox.
1
0)
Text
+
"
objRow(2) = portionAreaValue
objRow(3) = GetSlabPortionFor(portionAreaValue).Trirn()
For i As Integer = 1 To Convert.ToInt32 (Me.outputTextBox.Text)
search for the next available area.
For j As Integer = 0 To rnasterSlabList.Count
- 1
If masterSlabList.Itern(j)
> portionAreaValue
Then
portionAreaValue
Convert.ToDouble(rnasterSlabList.Itern(j))
Exit For
End If
Next
1
objRow(O)
i + 2
objRow(l)
"Area Provj.ded"
objRow(2)
portionAreaValue
objRow(3)
GetSlabPortionFor(portionAreaValue).Trirn()
objTable. Rows.Add (objRow)
Next
Me.portionDataGridView.DataSource
End Sub
Private Function GetAreaOfSlabPortion()
As Double
Dim PORTION_CONSTANT
As Double = 0.13 / 100
Return
PORTION_CONSTANT
*
GetPanelSizeBreadth()
GetConcreteHeigth()
, result is converted to ~m2
End Function
Private Function GetPanelSizeLength()
As Double
Return Convert. ToDouble (Me.panelLengthTextBox.Text)
to metres
End Function
/ 1000
'converted
Private Function GetPanelSizeBreadth()
As Double
Return
Convert.ToDouble(Me.panelBreadthTextBox.Text)
:onverted to metres
End Function
J
Private Function GetMouldLength()
As Double
Return Convert. ToDouble (Me.mouldLengthTextBox.Text)
metres
End Function
/ 1000
Private Function GetMouldBreadth()
As Double
Return
Convert.ToDouble(Me.mouldBreadthTextBox.Text)
20nverted to metres
End Function
Private Function GetConcreteHeigth()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.concreteDepthTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetMinimumCover()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.minimumCoverTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetRadiusOfReinforcement()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.radiusOfReinforcementTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetConcreteBasicWeigth()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.concreteBasicWeightTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetDeadLoadFactor()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.deadLoadFactorTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetLiveLoadFactor()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.liveLoadFactorTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetVolumeOfVoidPerMould()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.mouldVolumeTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetNoMouldPerPanel()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.noMouldPerPanelTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetFactorLoadFinishes()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.factorLoadFinishesTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetlmposedLoadFactor()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.imposedLoadFactorTextBox.Text)
End Function
'converted
Private Function GetShortSpan()
As Double
Ret urn Math. Min (GetPanelSizeLength,
GetPanelSizeBreadtb)
End Function
.....
Private Function GetFCUConcrete()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.fcuConcreteTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetFYSteel() As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.fySteelTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetBf() As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.bfTextBox.Text)
End Function
I 1000 ' converted
to m
Private Function GetSpanCoefficient()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.spanCoefficientTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetSupportCoefficient()
As Double
Return Convert.ToDouble(Me.supportCoefficientTextBox.Text)
End Function
Private Function GetVolumeOfVoidPerPanel()
As Double
Return GetVolumeOfVoidPerMould()
* GetNoMouldPerPanel()
End Function
Private Function GetVolumeOfSolidSlab()
Return
GetPanelSizeLength()
GetConcreteHeigth()
/ 1000
End Function
Private Function GetConcreteDepth()
Return
GetConcreteHeigth()
GetRadiusOfReinforcement()
End Function
As Double
*
As Double
Private Function GetNetVolumeOfConcretePerPanel()
As Double
Return GetVolumeOfSolidSlab()
- GetVolumeOfVoidPerPanel()
End Function
Private Function GetNetWeigthOfSlab()
As Double
Return GetNetVolumeOfConcretePerPanel
() * GetConcreteBasicWeigth
GetDeadLoadFactor()
End Function
Private Function GetFinishes()
As Double
Return
GetFactorLoadFinishes()
* GetDeadLoadFactor()
End Function
Private Function GetLiveLoad()
As Double
Return
GetlmposedLoadFactor()
* GetLiveLoadFactor()
End Function
*
*
()
*
Private Function GetTotalLoad()
Return GetNetWeigthOfSlab()
End Function
As Double
+ GetFinishes()
Private Function GetUnitLoadPerMetreRun()
Return
GetTotalLoad()
/
GetPanelSizeBreadth())
, to KN/m per run
End Function
+ GetLiveLoad()
As Double
(GetPanelSizeLength()
Private Function GetUnitLoadPerMetreRib()
As Double
Return GetUnitLoadPerMetreRun()
* GetMouldLength()
End Function
'to
KN/m per rib
Private Function GetSpanMoment()
As Double
Return
GetUnitLoadPerMetreRib
()
* Math. Pow (GetShortSpan (),
GetSpanCoefficient()
End Function
Private Function GetConstantKSpan()
As Double
Return
GetSpanMoment()
/
(GetFCUConcrete()
Math. Pow (GetConcreteDepth,
2))
End Function
Private Function GetAreaOfSpanReinforcementRequired()
Return
(GetSpanMoment()
* Math.Pow(lO,
6))
Math.Pow(0.95,
2) * GetConcreteDepth())
End Function
As Double
/
(GetFYSteel ()
Private Function GetSlabPortionPercentagelncreaseFactor()
As Double
Return
(100
Convert. ToDouble (Me.slabPortionPercentagelncreaseFactor
TextBox.Text))
/ 100
End Function
Private Function GetPercentagelncreaseFactor()
As Double
Return
(100
Convert.ToDouble(Me.percentagelncreaseFactorTextBox.Text))
/ 100
End Function
*
Private Function GetAreaOfSpanReinforcementProvided()
As Double
Return
Math.Abs (Convert.Tolnt32 (GetAreaOfSpanReinforcementRequi
GetPercentagelncreaseFactor()))
End Function
Private Function GetSupportMoment()
Return
GetUnitLoadPerMetreRib
GetSupportCoefficient()
End Function
As Double
* Math. Pow (GetShortSpan (),
()
Private Function GetConstantKSupport()
Return
GetSupportMoment()
/
Math. Pow (GetConcreteDepth,
2))
End Function
As Double
(GetFCUConcrete()
+
+
red()
Return
(GetSupportMoment()
*
Math.Pow(0.95, 2) * GetConcreteDepth(»
End Function
Math. Pow (10,
6»
/
(GetFYSteel()
*
Private Function GetAreaOfSupportReinforcementProvided()
As Double
Return
Math.Abs (Convert. Tolnt32 (GetAreaOfSupportReinforcementRe
quired()
GetPercentagelncreaseFactor(»)
End Function
Private Sub supportExcelButton_Click(ByVal
sender As System. Object, ByVal
e As System. EventArgs) Handles supportExcelButton.Click
Try
If
Not
Me.supportDataGridView.DataSource
Me.supportDataGridView.Rows.Count
<> 0 Then
Try
Clipboard.SetDataObject(Me.supportDataGridView.GetClipboardContent(»
IO.File.WriteAllText(flSupportExcelSheet.xls",
Clipboard.GetText(»
Process.Start("excel.exe",
flSupportExcelSheet.xls")
Process.Start(fI
.exe", fI
lSheet.xlsfl)
End Try
End If
MessageBox. Show (ex.Message,
flWaffle Slab", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub spanExcelButton_Click(ByVal
sender As System.Object,
As System. EventArgs) Handles spanExcelButton.Click
Try
If
Not
Me. spanDataGridView. DataSource
Me.spanDataGridView.Rows.Count
<> 0 Then
Try
ByVal e
lipboard.SetDataObject(Me.spanDataGridView.GetClipboardContent(»
IO.File.WriteAllText(fI
.xlsfl,
lipboard.GetText(»
Process. Start (flexcel.exe", flSpanExceISheet.xls")
Process. Start (flwordpad.exe", "SpanExcelSheet.xls")
End Try
End If
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message,
essageBoxlcon.Error)
End Try
End Sub
Private
Sub portionToExcelButton
Click(ByVal
sender As
yVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles portionToExcelButton.Click
System. Object,
If
Not
Me.portionDataGridView.DataSource
Me.portionDataGridView.Rows.Count
<> 0 Then
Try
Clipboard.SetDataobject(Me.portionDataGridView.GetClipboardContent(»
10. File.WriteAllText ("PortionExcelSheet.x15",
Clipboard.GetText(»
Process.Start("excel.exe",
"PortionExcelSheet.xls")
Process. Start ("wordpad.exe",
"PortionExcelSheet~xl.sr,)
End Try
End If
MessageBox. Show (ex.Message, "vJaffle Slab", MessageBoxButtons
MessageBox1con.Error)
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub MainForm_Load(ByVal
sender As System.object,
ByVal
System. EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Try
, for beam.
Dim selectQuery As String = "SELECT BarSize FROM Beam"
Dim
beamSizeList
As
ArrayList
DataHandler.ReadDataFromDatabase(selectQuery,
Connection.AccessConnectionString)
For Each element As Object In beamSizeList
, get all areas corresponding to each barsize
selectQuery
= "SELECT
* FEOlVi Beam ~'JHERE BarSize
Convert.To1nt32 (element)
Dim
tempAreaList
As
ArrayList
Connection. AccessConnectionString)
, add new areas to the master area list.
For Each value As Object In tempAreaList
If Not masterBeamList.Contains(value)
Then
masterBeamList.Add(value)
End If
Next
Next
, sort the area list.
masterBeamList.Sort()
, for slab.
selectQuery = "SELECT BarSize FEOM S ab"
Dim
slabSizeList
As
ArrayList
For Each element As Object In slabSizeList
, get all areas corresponding to each barsize
selectQuery
"SELECT * FROJlrlSlab IvHERE BarSize
Convert.To1nt32 (element)
.0K,
e
As
Dim
tempAreaList
DataHandler.ReadDataFrornDatabase(selectQuery,
, add new areas to the master area list.
For Each value As Object In ternpAreaList
If Not rnasterSlabList.Contains(value)
rnasterSlabList.Add(value)
End If
Next
Next
, sort the area list.
rnasterBearnList.Sort()
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message,
End Try
End Sub
Dim rnasterBeamList As New ArrayList
Dim masterSlabList As New ArrayList
End Class

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF WAFFLE SLABS

Transcription

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