Research in Forensic Psychiatry

Transcription

1st Summer Conference:
The University of Regensburg
Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Unit
Head: Prof. Dr. med. Michael Osterheider
Universitätsstrasse 84
D-93053 Regensburg
10-11 June 2005
PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS
Preface
Dear colleagues
Welcome to the 1st Summer Conference: Research in
Forensic Psychiatry in Regensburg. The conference schedule
comprises nearly fifty contributions from various disciplines
within forensic research.
The broad scope of contributions highlights the prevailing
topics in forensic psychiatry research – both in fundamental
areas and in its manifold applied circumstances.
I would like to express my gratitude to all delegates who will
have a substantial share in the success of the conference
through their presentations and posters. And I wish to extend
my thank you to all delegates who have chosen to take part in
the conference passively.
I am looking forward to inspiring presentations and fruitful
discussions. And I hope that you will enjoy your stay here in
Regensburg.
Cordially
Prof. Dr. med. Michael Osterheider
We thank LILLY Germany and JANSSEN-CILAG Germany
for their gracious support of this conference.
Poster Session
Simultaneous workshops (Ænext page )
02.00 – 05.00 p.m.
Lunch
Utah State University, Logan, USA
“Research on Animal Abuse: Emerging Themes and Directions for the Future”
Prof. Dr. Frank Ascione
Coffee Break
Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
“Current Trends in Forensic Risk Assessment and Risk Management”
Prof. Dr. Norbert Nedopil
Head of the Department of General Psychiatry, University of Regensburg
Prof. Dr. H. Klein
Head of the Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Unit, University of Regensburg
Addresses of Welcome / Introduction
Prof. Dr. Michael Osterheider
Friday 10 June 2005
01.00 – 02.00 p.m.
12.00 a.m.
11.00 a.m.
10.30 a.m.
09.30 a.m.
09.00 a.m.
time
PROGRAMME
1st Summer Conference:
Regensburg, 10-11 June 2005
04.00 – 05.00 p.m.
03.35 – 03.55 p.m.
03.10 – 03.30 p.m.
A. Stupperich, M. Strack, M.
Osterheider: Animal abuse,
interpersonal violence and
the 4 PX-factor model of
personality
02.45 – 03.05 p.m.
Introduction: N. Nedopil
C. Stadtland, M. Hollweg, J.
Dietl, T. Reich, N. Nedopil:
Risk assessment in sex
offenders
Workshop D
Offender treatment I
General discussion within the workshops
G. Northoff: Präfrontale
Dysfunktion bei emotionaler
Stimulation in pädophilen
Patienten – eine fMRT
Studie
K. Schiltz: Morphometric
analyses in pedophilic
perpetrators – an MRI study
Introduction: J. Müller
J. Müller, S. Gänßberger, M.
Sommer, K. Döhnel, T.
Weber, A. May, G. Hajak:
Volume loss in right STG in
psychopathy: Evidence from
a VBM study
K.W. Lange, O. Tucha:
Detecting simulated
malingering of memory
impairments
U. Gubka:
Neuropsychologische
Befunde zur
Psychopathologie der
Pädophilie
A. Prothmann, M. Bienert, C.
Ettrich: The influence of
animal-assisted therapy with
dogs on the state of mind of
children and adolescents in
inpatient child psychiatric
treatment
V. Malkin, L. Rogaleva:
Psycho-forming training as
means of social adaptation
of offenders
Introduction: A. Mokros
K. Blanchette, K. Taylor: A
gender-informed security reclassification scale for
female offenders:
I. Development
chair: A. Mokros
chair: J. Müller
language: English/German language: English/German
Workshop C
Workshop B
chair: N. Nedopil
language: English
Forensic neurobiology
Risk assessment
W.J. Smid, V. De Vogel, C.
De Ruiter :
Do clinicians and
researchers differ in their
violence risk assessments of
the same patients?
S. Rossmanith: Mothers who S. Lanquillon, D. Fischerkill: Are there differences
Barnicol :
between “homicide – suicide” The role of forensic
and “murder – suicide” in
psychiatry in the prevention
maternal filicides?
of first-time crimes by
psychotic offenders – an
overlooked chance and
responsibility?
K. Taylor, K. Blanchette: A
A. F. Götschel, G. Bolliger:
gender-informed security reCruelty towards animals:
classification scale for
Facts and figures to the
female offenders:
complete database over
animal mistreatment cases in II. Validation
Switzerland 1993 – 2003
Introduction: F. Ascione
A. Beetz: Sexual contact with
animals – a study on
bestiality/zoophilia
02.00 – 02.20 p.m.
02.20 – 02.40 p.m.
chair: F. Ascione
language: English
Workshop A
Sexuality & paraphilia
Friday Afternoon Workshops
Closing address
Simultaneous Workshops (Ænext page )
02.00 – 05.00 p.m.
05.00 p.m.
Poster Session
Lunch
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
“Psychopathy: Current status and future directions”
Prof. Dr. Robert D. Hare
Coffee Break
Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA), Wiesbaden, Germany
“Case Analysis and Assessment of Offender Personality: Similarities and Differences between Police and
Forensic Psychiatry”
Dr. Michael Baurmann
Opening
Saturday 11 June 2005
01.00– 02.00 p.m.
12.00 a.m.
11.00 a.m.
10.30 a.m.
09.00 a.m.
09.30 a.m.
time
04.00 – 05.00 p.m.
03.35 – 03.55 p.m.
03.10 – 03.30 p.m.
Huchzermeier: Psychopathy,
personality disorders and the
five-factor model of
personality
D. van Beek, W.J. Smid, M.
De Vries-Robbé: Differences
between psychopathic and
non-psychopathic child
molesters in the way they
sexually abuse children
H. Andershed, D. Köhler, G.
Hinrichs: Using the
psychopathy checklist:
screening version (PCL:SV)
in identifying clinically
meaningful subgroups in a
German adolescent/young
adult offender sample
02.45 – 03.05 p.m. D. Köhler, G. Hinrichs, C.
Recidivism and psychopathy
02.00 – 02.20 p.m. Introduction: R. Hare
02.20 – 02.40 p.m. H. Sloore, G. Rossi:
Varia
J. Witzel, G. Northoff:
Ethische Probleme der
biologischen Untersuchung
von pädophilen Straftätern
B. Ottermann:
Erfahrungsbericht über die
Arbeit des KrimFor-Instituts
am Bezirkskrankenhaus
Straubing
V. Blendl: Die
Delinquenzgruppe – ein
kriminalpräventives
Therapiekonzept
Introduction: B. Ottermann
P. Breitner: Sexualität &
Internet
chair: B. Ottermann
language: German
Workshop C
General discussion within the workshops
A. Mokros: The structure of
relations between crime
scene actions and personality
characteristics in sex
offenders
D. Schinke, A. Horn: Ansatz
der operativen Fallanalyse
am Beispiel der OFA Bayern
A. Horn, S.M. Litzcke, D.
Schinke: Forschungsprojekt
AsK – erste Ergebnisse
Introduction: M. Baurmann
H. Dern: Entwicklung der
polizeilichen Fallanalyse in
der BR Deutschland
chair: M. Baurmann
language: German/English
Workshop B
Workshop A
chair: R. Hare
language: English
Crime scene analysis
Psychopathy
Saturday Afternoon Workshops
K. Drieschner: Measuring
treatment motivation in
forensic outpatient treatment:
the treatment motivation
scales (TMS-F)
J. Lohner: Self-harm in
custody
Introduction: M. Osterheider
D. Gutschner: Welche
Jugendstrafmaßnahmen
machen Sinn? Auszug der
Ergebnisse einer 25-jährigen
prospektiven Langzeitstudie
mit dissozialen Jugendlichen.
M. Thommessen, S.
Corneille, C. Mormont:
Treatment proposal for sex
offenders who are in denial
chair: M. Osterheider
language: English/German
Workshop D
Offender treatment II
Posters:
H.G. Eisenbarth, G.W. Alpers, P. Pauli: Validation of the Psychopathy Personality Inventory in a German sample
M. Dudeck, C. Spitzer, M. Gillner, HJ. Freyberger: Dissociative psychopathology in the context of offence in forensic
inpatients
O. Tucha, K.W. Lange: Simulating feigning of motor disturbance in the context of handwriting movements
S. Schiereck–Hollmann, M. Frohna, M. Strack, A.Stupperich: Job satisfaction and social climate as quality–indices in
the Forensic Psychiatry
Ch. Müller: Improving safety and security for secure hospital units
W. Marx, A. Mokros, M. Osterheider, T. Müller, U. Willinger: Instrumentale Erfassung tatortanalytischer Merkmale bei
Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs
D. Köhler, S. Müller, G. Hinrichs: Offender behavior and personality
P. Keiper, Ch. Dette, D. Schläfke, F. Häßler: Psychological and psychopathological characteristics of juvenile and
adolescent sexual offenders in the department of forensic psychiatry of the University of Rostock
V.S. Jengic, P. Katic, G. Boskovic, M. Jakovijevic: Testosterone and aggressiveness in forensic inpatient with
borderline personality disorder with psychotic episodes
Ch. Hiermaier, A.Stupperich, M. Strack, K. Lange, M. Osterheider: Sexual delinquency as a decision process –
creating a TBP–Questionaire
U. v. Hahn, A. Stupperich, M. Strack, M. Osterheider, W. Mache: Erfassung von Strukturen und Prozessen in einer
interaktiven Sexualstraftätergruppe im SYMLOG-Konzept
AUTHOR(S)
Andershed, H. (1), Köhler, D. (2) & Hinrichs, G. (2)
Institute affiliation
1 Department of Behavioral, Social & Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden
2 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Kiel, Germany
TITLE
Using the psychopathy checklist: screening version (PCL:SV) in identifying clinically
meaningful subgroups in a German adolescent/young adult offender sample
KEY WORDS
psychopathy, young offenders, psychopathy cluster, clinical subgroups
Type of contribution
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Location, date, time
Saturday 11 June 2005, Workshop A "Psychopathy", 3:35-3:55 p.m.
ABSTRACT
The vast majority of research up to date focused on the utility of the psychopathy
construct on adolescents has used North American samples. The present study
tests the utility of the three-factor model of psychopathy according to the Hare
Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in identifying clinically
meaningful subgroups of a German adolescent/young adult offender sample. The
sample consists of 148 male adolescents/young adults, 15 to 25 years of age (mean
age = 19) recruited from the central detention center for juvenile offenders in a
northern county in Germany. Results show that a three-factor structure of the
PCL:SV was statistically distinct. Cluster analysis of these three factors produced
four distinct and theoretically coherent clusters labelled: (i) Callous-Unemotional, (ii)
Impulsive, (iii) Psychopathic traits, and (iv) Low traits, largely in line with what has
been found previously in North American samples. The clusters were then compared
on various clinically relevant variables. The Psychopathic traits cluster, with high
levels on all three factors of the PCL:SV, exhibited more of previous incarcerations,
criminal behavior, elevated prevalence of Conduct Disorder and
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and alcohol abuse. We conclude that these
results support the usefulness of the psychopathy construct in identifying meaningful
subgroups of young offenders.
AUTHOR(S)
Beek, D. van, Smid, W. J. & De Vries-Robbé, M.
Dr. Henri van der Hoevenkliniek, Forensic Psychiatric Centre/Hospital,
Utrecht, Netherlands
TITLE
Differences between psychopathic and non-psychopathic child molesters in the way
they sexually abuse children
KEY WORDS
child molesters, psychopathy, offence characteristics
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
In a Dutch sample of child molesters treated in the Dr. Henri van der Hoeven Kliniek,
a forensic psychiatric institute, we examined the differences between psychopathic
and non-psychopathic child molesters in the way they sexually abused children. We
looked for differences in victim choice and approach, kind and frequency of sexual
abusive behavior, the use of verbal and physical violence, and the number of
convictions for sexual abuse.
In this study psychopathy was assessed by the PCL-R. From the criminal records
we coded a wide range of sexual abuse behavior characteristics.
In our presentation we will report the outcomes of this study and its implications for
assessment and treatment.
AUTHOR(S)
Beetz, A.
Department of Psychology, University of Erlangen, Germany
TITLE
Sexual Contact with Animals – a study on Bestiality/Zoophilia
KEY WORDS
bestiality, zoophilia, paraphilia, animal sex
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Friday 10 June 2005, Workshop A "Sexuality & paraphilia", 2:20-2:40 p.m.
ABSTRACT
Even though sexual contacts with animals have supposedly occurred throughout
history and it is estimated that between 5-8% of men and 2-3% of women (Kinsey
1948, 1953) have such a contact at least once in their life, cases seem to be rarely
encountered in the clinical practice today and only few studies investigated this
phenomenon in more detail.
This study investigated 113 men (age M=30) who practiced sexual contact with
animals and volunteered to answer a set of questionnaires on zoophilia and their
personality (standardised questionnaires). Participants were contacted via the
Internet and data transfer was handled mostly via email. With 36 of the men also
detailed interviews were conducted.
Fifty-six percent were Europeans and 35% were US-Americans. An education with
at least some time in college or better was reported by 70%, with 12% holding a
M.A./Ph.D-degree. Seventy-three percent were single, 27% were married/lived with
a steady partner, and 19% had children. Twenty-three percent had sexual
experiences only with animals but not with humans and 54% of the men reported
that they had sex with animals on a regular basis (often several times a week). For
57%, sexual contact with animals were dogs and horses, rarely farm animals and in
few cases even large cats or dolphins. Sexual practices reached from oral-genital
contacts and masturbation to anal/vaginal penetration of the animal and anal
penetration of the men by male animals (dogs/horses). While only 4% stated that
they have no emotional attachment to the involved animal, 20% reported an
emotional relationship like to a normal pet, and 76% compared their emotional
relationship to that others have with a human partner. Thirty-eight percent had at
least once been in psychological treatment, but none because of their zoophiliac
interest.
AUTHOR(S)
Blanchette, K. & Taylor, K.
Women Offender Research Division, Correctional Services Canada, NHQ, Ottawa,
Ontario
TITLE
A Gender-informed Security Re-classification Scale for Female offenders:
I. Development
KEY WORDS
female offenders, security classification, institutional adjustment
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Friday 10 June 2005, Workshop D "Offender treatment I", 2:20-2:40 p.m.
ABSTRACT
Classification of offender populations is one of the most important functions of any
correctional agency. Actuarial tools have demonstrated superiority over clinical
judgment in accomplishing classification goals; in general, they are both more liberal
and more accurate than the clinical method (Meehl, 1954; Grove & Meehl, 1996).
However, objective security classification measures in use for female inmates have
invariably been developed for males, despite evidence that there may be
gender-specific risk factors for women, and that measures derived from samples of
male offenders may overclassify women, resulting in frequent use of overrides by
correctional staff (Van Voorhis & Presser, 2001).
The current research initiative involved the development of a gender-informed
security reclassification scale that used multiple samples of Canadian federal female
offender case files. The Security Reclassification Scale for Women (SRSW) was
developed over a two-year time frame (1998 - 2000). The development sample
included a total of 285 Offender Security Level (OSL) decisions, based on a sample
of 172 women. Results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and operational
implications.
AUTHOR(S)
Blendl, V.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Germany
TITLE
Die Delinquenzgruppe - ein kriminalpräventives Therapiekonzept
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Saturday 11 June 2005, Workshop C "Varia", 2:45-3:05 p.m.
ABSTRACT
Die moderne Straftäterbehandlung im Maßregelvollzug verlangt nach neuen
Therapiekonzepten neben den psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Methoden, um
den Anforderungen des gestiegenen Sicherheitsinteresses der
Allgemeinbevölkerung gerecht zu werden. Die vorgestellten Maßnahmen mit dem
Ziel einer verbesserten Legalprognose erweitern den Spielraum, die Straffälligkeit
der Patienten zu analysieren bzw. zu bearbeiten und exaktere prognostische
Einschätzungen hinsichtlich des Therapieverlaufes bzw. der Gefährlichkeit
abzugeben. Die Delinquenzgruppe darf hierbei als etabliertes Modell eines
kriminalpräventiven Ansatzes im Maßregelvollzug gelten.
AUTHOR(S)
Breitner, P.
Munich Police HQ, Department 12: Sexual, juvenile & violent delinquency, Germany
TITLE
Sexualität und Internet: Betrachtungen aus polizeilicher Sicht
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Das Internet hat heute nahezu alle Lebensbereiche durchdrungen. Auch das Thema
„Sexualität“ spiegelt sich darin in all seinen Facetten. Es eignet sich u.a. zum
einfachen Konsum und Tausch von Pornographie, zur interaktiven Realisierung
sexueller Phantasien bis hin zu deren Ausleben mit Partnern, die über das Internet
gefunden werden.
Durch die weltweite Vernetzung, eine weitgehende Anonymität und fehlende soziale
und staatliche Kontrolle wurde auch der Zugriff auf deviante und strafrechtlich
sanktionierte Inhalte mit sexuellem Bezug enorm erleichtert. Besonders auffällig ist
dabei aus polizeilicher Sicht das Angebot und die Nachfrage nach
Kinderpornographie. Zu beobachten ist auch, dass sich Personen mit devianten
sexuellen Neigungen zunehmend über das Internet organisieren.
Für die Polizei ergeben sich daraus fast unlösbare Probleme in technischer,
rechtlicher, fachlicher, insbesondere aber in quantitativer Hinsicht.
Gleichzeitig stellt sich damit auch die Frage, ob und ggf. in welchem Ausmaß das
Internet Straftaten mit sexuellem Bezug begünstigt, fördert oder für deren Begehung
sogar ursächlich ist.
AUTHOR(S)
Dern, H.
Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA), Wiesbaden, Germany
TITLE
Entwicklung der polizeilichen Fallanalyse in der BR Deutschland
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Saturday 11 June 2005, Workshop B "Crime scene analysis", 2:20-2:40 p.m.
ABSTRACT
Ausgehend von ersten Versuchen und Ergebnissen aus den USA Ende der
1980er-Jahre und aufgrund eigener Vorerfahrungen wurde beim BKA in dem
Forschungsprojekt KKF (1993-1998) der methodische Ansatz der Fallanalyse
entwickelt und in das föderale System der deutschen Polizei integriert.
Dieser Ansatz zeichnet sich durch eine besondere Systematik und eine
konsequente Nutzung des Team-Ansatzes aus.
Neuere kriminologische Erkenntnisse bieten Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung
der Methodik; diese sollen in dem Vortrag dargestellt werden.
AUTHOR(S)
Drieschner, K.
Forensic Psychiatric Center Oldenkotte, Netherlands
TITLE
Measuring treatment motivation in forensic outpatient treatment: The Treatment
Motivation Scales (TMS-F)
KEY WORDS
treatment motivation, forensic psychiatry, outpatient treatment, test construction
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Saturday 11 June 2005, Workshop D "Offender treatment II", 3:35-3:55 p.m.
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that changing ones behaviour requires considerable efforts, and
that this in turn requires the motivation to make such efforts. This particularly applies
for the behavioural changes purposed by forensic psychiatric treatment. This
explains the growing interest in the patients treatment motivation in the forensic
psychiatry. Another development in many countries is the growth of forensic
psychiatric outpatient treatment. In this field, the patients motivation may be an even
more important factor, because less external control is exerted on his behaviour.
The relevance of the patients treatment motivation calls for adequate measures for
its assessment.
A self-report instrument for the assessment of treatment motivation in outpatient
offender treatment that has recently been developed in the Netherlands is the
Treatment Motivation Scales (TMS-F). The TMS-F contains scales, which enable the
assessment of the patients willingness to make efforts for the treatment and several
cognitive and emotional factors which underlie this willingness, and which are
typically addressed by motivational interventions.
In this paper, the conceptual basis of the TMS-F, and the results from a large study
concerning the dimensionality, reliability, construct validity, and predictive utility of
the instrument are presented. Furthermore, some remarkable findings concerning
the factors that determine treatment motivation and the influence of social
desirability response bias are discussed.
AUTHOR(S)
Dudeck, M. (1), Spitzer, C. (1), Gillner, M. (2) & Freyberger, H.-J. (1)
1 Clinic and policlinic of psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Germany
2 Clinic for forensic psychiatry, Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
TITLE
Die dissoziative Psychopathologie im Kontext der Straftat bei forensischen Patienten
(Dissociative psychopathology in the context of offence in forensic inpatients)
KEY WORDS
dissociation, forensic inpatients, offence
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Friday 10 June & Saturday 11 June 2005, 1:00-2:00 p.m. (poster sessions)
ABSTRACT
Dissoziation und dissoziative Phänomene sind durch einen Integrationsverlust der
normalerweise integrierten Funktionen des Bewusstseins, der Identität, des Gedächtnisses,
der Wahrnehmung und der Umgebung sowie der Körperkontrolle gekennzeichnet.
Verschiedene Bemühungen, die vielfältigen dissoziativen Symptome zu systematisieren,
haben zur Entwicklung eines Phasenmodells der Traumatisierung geführt. Dieses versteht
unter primärer Dissoziation eine Einengung des Wahrnehmungsfeldes als unmittelbare
Reaktion auf das Trauma, die wahrscheinlich auf diverse neurobiologische Stressreaktionen
zurückzuführen ist. Die sich dann anschließende sekundäre Dissoziation bezeichnet eine
Spaltung zwischen erlebendem und beobachtendem Ich, welche sich auf Symptomebene
als vielfältige Entfremdungserlebnisse äußern. Diese Form der dissoziativen
Psychopathologie wird von anderen Autoren als peritraumatische Dissoziation bezeichnet.
Es wurde darauf hingewiesen, dass nicht nur ein Trauma im engeren Sinne Ursache sein
kann, sondern auch emotionale Extremsituationen anderer Art wie z.B. das Begehen einer
Straftat. Dazu passend konnte in verschiedenen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden,
dass dissoziative Phänomene deutlich häufiger als in der Normalbevökerung bei Straftätern
und forensischen Patienten vorkommen. Dagegen gibt es bislang keine Studien, die
Dissoziation unmittelbar vor, während und direkt nach der Straftat zu quantifizieren
versuchen.
Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir 18 forensische Patienten (16 Männer, 2 Frauen;
Durchschnittsalter = 36,2 Jahre) mit dem Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience
Questionaire, welches in einer Rater- und in einer Selbstbeurteilungsversion vorliegt und
Dissoziation ausschließlich während und kurz nach der Traumatisierung abbildet. Zudem
gaben wir den Patienten mehrere Selbstbeurteilungskalen zu weiterer dissoziativer und
allgemeiner Psychopatholgie. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dissoziative Phänomene bei
mehr als 25% der Patienten vorliegen, was mögliche klinische Implikationen hinsichtlich
Therapie und Prognose haben kann.
AUTHOR(S)
Eisenbarth, H. G., Alpers, G. W. & Pauli, P.
Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany
TITLE
Validation of the Psychopathy Personality Inventory (PPI) in a German sample
KEY WORDS
psychopathy, PPI
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
The aim of the construction of the Psychopathy Personality Inventory (PPI, Lilienfeld,
1996) was to create a self-report measure of psychopathy within a personality-based
approach, which is validated also for non-prison subjects. This inventory claims to be
suitable for research as well and shows concurrently good correlations with the
Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R, Hare, 1991). Since there is no
comparable measure in German, we translated the items of the PPI with agreement
of S. Lilienfeld and the American publishers. In order to evaluate this translation 100
healthy subjects (students of the department of psychology) completed the 167
items. We performed test-analysis including reliability-analysis, factor-analysis and
internal consistency-analysis, and compared our results with the statistical values of
the English version as well as with its factor structure. Within its limitations the
German version of the PPI seems to be especially useful as a research tool in
healthy populations.
AUTHOR(S)
Goetschel, A. F. & Bolliger, G.
Foundation for the Animal in the Law, Switzerland
TITLE
Cruelty towards Animals: Facts and Figures relating to the complete Database
covering Animal Maltreatment Cases in Switzerland 1993 – 2003
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Researchers in forensic psychiatry need to be aware of the context of animal
maltreatment if handling such a case. In order to improve the understanding and
enforcement of animal welfare acts, the Swiss based Foundation for the Animal in
the Law collected every court decision related to an infliction of the Swiss animal
welfare act for the years 1993 up to 2003 and converted them into a database. By
May 2005, the (as to our knowledge worldwide unique) database
(http://www.tierimrecht.org/de/faelle/) contains 2’889 cases that can be categorised
in app. 80 subdivisions of animal maltreatment and other offences of the Swiss
Animal welfare act (Art. 27 and 29). Astonishingly, not less than 2146 cases (74,28%
) were carried out intentionally. Negligence occurred only in 359 cases (12,42%; in
the rest of the cases, no details are given). 1056 cases (36,55%) refer to the
classically intended maltreatment of an animal (Art. 27 al. 1 animal welfare act). Only
in 37 cases, an unconditioned imprisonment has been spoken out (3,5%), whereby it
has to be considered, that practically each of these cases contained also an infliction
of other laws beside the animal welfare act. 173 cases (16,38%) were liable by a
conditioned sentence to imprisonment and the rest only by a fine. The average fine
in cases of animal maltreatment is CHF 500 (app. € 325). Statistically speaking, very
rarely a Swiss (and by interpolation also German) judge or state attorney is
confronted with animal maltreatment cases, where the accused person risks an
unconditioned imprisonment. Further research is to be made on the topic of a
complete and analysed survey of animal maltreatment cases in other countries in
order to discuss the best measures to prevent further cruelties to animals.
AUTHOR(S)
Gubka, U.
Federal maximum security hospital Uchtspringe, Germany
TITLE
Neuropsychologische Befunde zur Psychopathologie der Pädophilie
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Im Rahmen mehrerer Vorträge soll ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt der Universität
Magdeburg und des Landeskrankenhauses für Forensische Psychiatrie Uchtspringe
zur Pädophilie vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird ein spezieller Fokus auf affektive und
kognitive Symptome und deren Verknüpfung mit Funktionen des präfrontalen Kortex
gelegt.
Es werden neuropsychologische Ergebnisse von Tests vorgestellt, die speziell auf
die Funktionen des präfrontalen Kortex bei Pädophilie zielen. Deren Zusammenhang
mit psychopathologischen Variablen wird von Udo Gubka (Uchtspringe) dargestellt.
Kolja Schiltz (Magdeburg) stellt MRT-Befunde zur strukturellen Anatomie des
präfrontalen Kortex bei pädophilen Patienten dar. Georg Northoff (Magdeburg) stellt
fMRT zur emotionalen Stimulation bei der Pädophilie dar und zeigt Veränderungen
im präfrontalen Kortex. Abschliessend diskutieren Georg Northoff (Magdeburg) und
Joachim Witzel (Uchtspringe) die Problematik von biologischen Markern im
psychosozialen und forensischen Kontext.
AUTHOR(S)
Gutschner, D.
Institute for forensic psychology, psychiatry and counselling for children and
adolescents, Bern, Switzerland
TITLE
Welche Jugendstrafmassnahmen machen Sinn? Auszug der Ergebnisse einer
25jährigen prospektiven Langzeitstudie mit dissozialen Jugendlichen
KEY WORDS
Jugendstrafrecht, Maßnahmen, Langzeitstudie, psychische Störung, Rückfallrate
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Ziel:
Diese Präsentation zeigt Ergebnisse der zweiten Erhebung (nach 2 Jahren) unserer auf 25
Jahre ausgelegten prospektiven Langzeitstudie mit dissozialen Jugendlichen.
Methode:
Aus den ursprünglichen 108 Probanden konnten 90 Jugendliche (87% männlich und 13 %
weiblich) im Alter von 12-20 Jahren einbezogen werden.Alle Jugendlichen wurden zum ersten
Erhebungszeitpunkt im Rahmen eines Jugendstrafverfahrens mit einer standardisierten
testpsychologischen Batterie untersucht. Die Testbatterie umfasste standardisierte Intelligenzund Aufmerksamkeitstests sowie standardisierte Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren zur
Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik. Sozioökonomische Daten wurden standardisiert erfasst, die
Psychopathologie mittels eines strukturierten Interviews (DIPS).
Beim zweiten Erhebungszeitpunkt (2 Jahr Follow-up) wurden u.a Informationen über deren
weiteren Verlauf (Rückfall, berufliche Integration etc.) bei der Jugendstrafbehörde eingeholt.
Ergebnisse:
Die Rückfallrate betrug 64,4%, wobei diese bei Gewaltdelikten (72%) höher ausfiel, als bei
Beschaffungskriminalität (56%) und Drogendelikten (59%). Bei 87% wurde eine psychische
Störung festgestellt. Es besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen externalen Störungen
und der Rückfallrate (Chi² p = .001). Die Rückfallrate war bei Heimeinweisungen höher, als bei
ambulanten strafrechtlichen Massnahmen. Bei denjenigen Jugendlichen, bei welchen eine
Integration (beruflich oder schulisch) gelungen ist, sank die Rückfallrate um die Hälfte, von 75%
auf 50%.
Schlussfolgerung:
Die Rückfallrate ist bei ambulanten und stationären strafrechtlichen Massnahmen
unterschiedlich. Hier scheint die schulische oder berufliche Integration als protektiver Faktor zu
wirken und psychische Störung als Risikovariable.
AUTHOR(S)
Hahn, U. von (1), Stupperich, A. (2), Strack, M. (3) , Osterheider, M. (2) &
Mache, W. (1)
1 Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, Regensburg 2 For. Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Unit, Univ. of Regensburg 2 Dept. of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Germany
TITLE
Erfassung von Strukturen und Prozessen in einer interaktionellen
Sexualstraftätergruppe im SYMLOG – Konzept
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
In der therapeutischen Arbeit mit Sexualstraftätern bilden deren kognitive Verzerrungen einen
wesentlichen Schwerpunkt (neben den Themen Opferempathie und sexuelle Fantasien, Mann/
Beech, 2003). Im Vordergrund eines gruppentherapeutischen Programms zur Aufarbeitung der
Delinquenzgenese steht somit nicht unbedingt die regressive Konfliktthematisierung, sondern ein
Training von Ich-Funktionen, das die Selbstwahrnehmung in der Direkt- und Metaperspektive im
Bezugssystem der sozialen Gruppe betont. Um solche Wahrnehmungsprozesse therapeutisch leiten
zu können, ist ihre Erfassung und Visualisierung nützlich. Die SYMLOG - Diagnostik (System for the
multiple level observation of groups) ist ein von R.F.Bales 1979 entwickeltes Verfahren zum Studium
von Gruppenprozessen, das u.a. Wahrnehmungsratings enthält, die in einer deutschen Kurzform
(Fassheber et al. 1995) von den Beteiligten selbst bearbeitet werden können. SYMLOG nimmt u.a.
an, dass Verhalten von Individuen in Gruppen durch drei Dimensionen hinreichend beschreiben wird:
„Einfluss/Macht“, „Sympathie“, „Zielorientiertheit/Konformität“.
Unter Zuordnung der forensisch - psychiatrischer Diagnostik zu den Daten von drei Perspektiven
(Selbstbild, Fremdbild, Vermutetes Fremdbild) wurden anhand der SYMLOG Diskrepanzdreiecke in
einer deliktbezogenen Gruppe mit 5 Teilnehmern (diagnostisch v.a. Pädophilie und
Persönlichkeitsstörungen) Interaktionsprozesse dargestellt. Die Gruppe wurde durch drei weibliche
Trainer angeleitet (eine Diplompsychologin, eine Krankenpflegerin, eine studentische Mitarbeiterin),
deren perspektivische Wahrnehmungen einbezogen wurden. Die Daten wurden zu drei Zeitpunkten
erhoben (vor der ersten Gruppensitzung sowie nach jeweils vier Sitzungen). Darüber hinaus solle
anhand der Daten der Versuch einer Prognostischen Interpretation unternommen werden.
Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen anfängliche Befürchtung der Patienten, von den Therapeutinnen, mit
denen sie eigentlich eine ganz gute Beziehung zu haben glauben, keine Wertschätzung zu
bekommen. Im Verlauf konnte diese Wahrnehmungsverzerrung entschärft werden, auch wenn die
Patienten ihre Beziehung zu den TherapeutInnen eher etwas zurücknehmen, sich ihnen gegenüber
unterwürfiger verhielten. Die TherapeutInnen gestehen den Patienten zwar mehr Einsatzbereitschaft
zu, belohnten dies jedoch noch nicht mit mehr Wertschätzung.
Generell scheint sich die SYMLOG Diagnostik auch in der Deliktbezogenen Gruppentherapie zur
Diskussionsanregung und damit als Instrument des internen Qualitätsmanagements zu bewähren.
AUTHOR(S)
Hiermaier, C. (1, 2), Stupperich, A. (1), Strack, M. (3), Lange, K. (2) &
Osterheider, M. (1)
1 For. Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Unit, Univ. of Regensburg 2 Institute of
Exp. Psychology, Univ. of Regensburg 3 Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Göttingen
TITLE
Sexual delinquency as a decision process - creating a TPB-questionnaire
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
With regard to the increasing importance of prognosis procedures in the field of
sexual delinquency, we inquire an approach, which is controversially discussed: is
sexual delinquency liable to deliberate decisions? Planned behaviour is the topic for
the psychology of action. The approach permits to test cognitions, that might
motivate an individual to commit or not to commit sexual crime.
According to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB, Ajzen, 1982), human action is
guided by three factors: (1) attitude toward the behaviour, (2) subjective norm and
(3) perceived behavioural control. Applying the TPB on sexual crime - according to
the model – we expect sexual delinquents to express more consenting “attitudes”
and higher ”perceived behavioural control” towards sexual crimes and lower
“subjective norms” against sexual crimes than non-delinquent control people.
It is the aim of this study to create a self-rating questionnaire that depicts the
structure of the TPB. The assessment of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived
control require questions for expectancies and values, perceived social norms and
personal compliance, control beliefs and control competencies. According to Revis &
Sheeran (2003), descriptive norms (i.e., what significant others themselves would
do) will be additionally explored by asking for percentage evaluations (e.g., “how
many men in Germany aged 18 to 80 have ever dreamed of rape at night?”).
To control for socially desirability style we use the SD-scale of Mummendey & Eifler
(1993).
It is to be examined if the questionnaire depicts the structure of the TPB and if the
answers of the forensic patients having committed sexual crime differ in expected
ways from the cognitions of the non-delinquent control people.
AUTHOR(S)
Horn, A. (1), Litzcke, S. M. (2) & Schinke, D. (1)
1 Munich Police HQ, K 114 OFA Bavaria, Germany
2 Dept. of Police Administration, Univ. of Applied Sciences, Hildesheim, Germany
TITLE
Forschungsprojekt AsK – erste Ergebnisse
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Die Polizeidienststellen für Operative Fallanalyse (OFA) des Bundes und der Länder
unterstützen mit Fallanalysen und der Erstellung von Täterprofilen die jeweils
federführenden Ermittlungsdienststellen. Primär handelt es sich um Fälle der
schweren Gewaltkriminalität in Tateinheit mit Sexualstraftaten. Im Zentrum der
Arbeit steht die Rekonstruktion des Tatgeschehens und die Bewertung des
Täterverhaltens. Die bestehende Forschung konzentriert sich auf extreme
Erscheinungsformen wie beispielsweise Seriensexualmorde und sadistische
Sexualmörder. Solche spektakulären Taten sind in der täglichen Analysepraxis
indes die Ausnahme. Demgegenüber werden in das AsK-Forschungsprojekt (AsK –
Analyse von Tötungsdelikten mit sexueller Komponente) alle aufgeklärten
Tötungsdelikte mit sexueller Komponente in Bayern im Zeitraum von 1979 bis 2004
einbezogen; das sind rund 100 Fälle. Ein Ziel des AsK-Projekts ist das Erfassen der
alltäglichen Erscheinungsformen solcher Delikte, um ein möglichst realitätsnahes
Bild dieser Deliktsform zu erhalten. Besonders interessant sind die
Täter-Opfer-Beziehung, Vorerkenntnisse zu den Tätern, das geografische Verhalten
der Täter, der Planungsgrad bei der Tatbegehung und die Tätermotive. Wir stellen
eine deskriptive Zwischenauswertung auf Basis von rund 50 Fällen vor.
AUTHOR(S)
Jengic, V. S., Katic, P. Boskovic, M. & Jakovijevic, M.
General Psychiatric Hospital, Rab, Croatia
TITLE
Testosterone and aggressiveness in forensic inpatient with borderline personality
disorder with psychotic episodes
KEY WORDS
borderline, castration , aggressiveness, testosterone
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Die Berichte über die Rolle des Testosterons in Bezug auf Aggressivität sind in der
wissenschaftlichen Literatur noch immer kontrovers.
Es wird beschrieben der Fall eines 27-jährigen forensischen Patienten, der wegen
Raubdiebstahls als unzurechnungsfähig in Treatment ist.
Familiäre Anamnese: dysfunktional ohne andere Ausfälle, Geburt sowie frühe
psychomotorische Entwicklung normal.
Als 10-jähriger hatte er erste Probleme mit asozialem Verhalten. Mit 14 ist er für zwei Jahre
in einem Heim untergebracht worden, wo er Mumps mit Orchitis als Komplikation
bekommen hat. Mit 19 hat er im Rausch eine Autokastration der gesunden Testis gemacht.
Mit 22 erstes Mal hospitalisiert in psychiatrischer Anstalt wegen psychotischer
Dekompensation.
Konsum verschiedener Rauschmittel ohne Abhängigkeit anamnestisch positiv. Wegen
Raubdiebstahls im Alter von 24 in forensischem Setting untergebracht.
Oft vorkommende, kurze psychotische Episoden, gegenüber differenter
Psychopharmakotherapie überwiegend resistent.
Endokrinologische Befunde indizierten die Applikation von Testosteron D.250 mg alle 28
Tage. Nach der Applikation regelmäßig aggressiv und stark autoagressiv. Therapie
unterbrochen. Zunahme 25 kg in 6 Monaten. Ruhig.
Möchte keine Aufgaben, Motivationsverlust. Diffuse Schmerzen. Depression.
Differente Psychopharmaka-Kombination. Sozial nun doch besser angepasst. Erneute Gabe
von Testosteron. Nach 2. Dose wieder aggressiv, auch heteroaggressiv.
Laborwerte und andere Befunde kontinuierlich beobachtet und dargestellt.
Es werden Überlegungen zu Lebensqualität und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen angestellt sowie
Möglichkeiten für die fortdauernde interdisziplinäre Behandlung in der Forensik im Licht
aktueller Legislative sowie der Menschen- und Patientenrechte diskutiert.
Anamnestisch wird ein ähnlicher Fall beschrieben mit ungünstigen Ergebnissen.
AUTHOR(S)
Keiper, P. (1), Dette, Ch. (1), Schläfke, D. (1) & Häßler, F. (2)
1 Hospital of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Germany
2 Hospital of child and adolescent psychiatry, University of Rostock
TITLE
Psychosocial and psychopathological characteristics of juvenile and adolescent
sexual offenders in the department of forensic psychiatry of the University of Rostock
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Objective:
At present juveniles and adolescents between 14 and 21 years account for 7,4 percent of the German total population. In contrast, this
small part of the population was suspected to commit 33% of known sexual offences (juveniles 12,5% and adolescents 10,5%) (PKS
2003). These numbers increased about 3% for juveniles and 0,7% for adolescents over the past 9 years.
From a total of 36.033 sexual offences in 2003 were 20,3% of the suspects under 21 years old (PKS 2003). The main offences juveniles
and adolescents were suspected of were sexual constraint (23,3%) and sexual child abuse (21,2%)
Juvenile and adolescent sexual offenders seem to posses a high comorbidity for other mental disorders (Hinrichs et al. 2002;
Petermann et al. 2000). This becomes obvious also by the continously rising tendency of admitting adolescents in forensic settings
(Häßler et al. 2004). The knowledge of the individual characteristics of offence and offenders appears to be important for the treatment
and for preventive goals (Egg et al. 2002, Pfäfflin and Kächle 2002, Wischka and Specht 2002).
Method:
Against the background of increasing offences and in order to gain information about specific characteristics of juvenile perpetrators we
examined a group of 9 Patients of our forensic clinic which committed sexual offenses. The results were compared with published
studies.
Results:
Patients admitted between 2001 and 2004 due to a sexual offence (9 from 74 = 12,2%) showed a high comorbidity of psychiatric
disorders, as did other patients with a treatment order. The high rates of hyperkinetic syndroms (ICD-10: F90) and/or conduct disorders
(F91 and F92) were accompanied with high rates of mental retardation (F70). Substance dependence or abuse played a minor role. The
average IQ measured with the HAWIK-III (Tewes, Rossmann & Schallberger, 2000) for juvenile offenders (n=6) ranged between 44 and
93 (Ø = 75,2). The IQ-score for adolescent offenders ranged between 67 and 97 (Ø = 81).
The offenders mainly grew up in incomplete families (70%), which is also expressed by 40% of the patients which were (temporarily)
resident in local authority care. Previous conviction in general and especially for sexual offenses played a minor role. For that trait the
juvenile and adolescent differ clearly from adult sex offenders in Germany (e.g. Blocher 2001: 60% of 127 adult sexual offenders had a
previous conviction for an offence, 31,5% committed at least one previous sexual offence) but also from juvenile offenders in the U.S.A.
where 67,5% of the convicted juvenile sexual offenders had at least one sexual offence in their crime history (Abel et al. 1993).
Conclusion:
The main goal of this study was to identify characteristics specific for juvenile/adolescent offenders, which may present hints for risk
prediction and management. The data could help to establish therapeutical approaches for juvenile offenders and prove their quality.
The importance of developing offence and group directed specific treatments got obvious. During the last years the treatment has
changed to offence-adapted scenarios as seen in expressions as “psychotherapy of sexual offenders” or “treating criminal behavior”
(Hinrichs 2004). The social, parental, educational and job-related developmental factors are often complex but important for the
therapeutic process and the rehabilitation of juveniles and adolescents (Boers et al. 2002). The social origin with a lower class family
background and consecutive higher rate of local authority care seems to raise the individual risk for sexual offences. From a diagnostic
point of view the rates of hyperkinetic syndroms, conduct disorder and mental retardation in our study were equally distributed.
Pathological sexual deviation were not found. Our sample of offenders rather frequently suffered from pathological reactions to
developmental conflicts, which are connected to an early psychological and cognitive maladjustment.
AUTHOR(S)
Köhler, D. (1), Hinrichs, G. (1) & Huchzermeier, C. (2)
2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Kiel, Germany
TITLE
Psychopathy, personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality
KEY WORDS
psychopathy, personality disorders, five-factor model, incarcerated offenders
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
The majority of international research up to date focuses on the relationship between
Psychopathy and the DSM-IV Personality Disorders (PD). Only few studies consider
a possible link to other personality taxonomies or theories, like the Five Factor Model
of Personality (FFM). Up to now only few empirical studies were published in
Germany on this topic, mostly referring to a very low number of participants or based
on a selected sample.
In the following work the relationship between Psychopathy, the PD and the FFM ist
explored, expecting strong and significant correlations between these personality
constructs.
In the first study 149 male prisoners from a detention center for juvenile offenders
are tested with the PCL:SV, the SCID-II and the NEO-FFI.
In the second study the Kieler-Psychopathy-Inventory (KPI), the NEO-FFI and the
Coolidge Axis II Inventory are administrated to 120 male adult offenders.
The results of both studies show many significant correlations between the PD
(especially Cluster B Disorders), the FFM and Psychopathy. With regard to the FFM,
“Psychopathy” can mainly be explained by the negative poles of Agreeableness and
Conscientiousness.
We conclude that these results support the dimensional approach of Personality
because Psychopathy reflects many aspects of normal and abnormal personality. It
is discussed whether Psychopathy is a distinct personality disorder or a
heterogeneous mix of different personality traits.
AUTHOR(S)
Köhler D. (1), Müller, S. (2) & Hinrichs, G. (1)
2 Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel
TITLE
Offender behavior and personality
KEY WORDS
personality, offender behavior, severe violent and sexual crimes, case analysis
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Severe violent and sexual offences can be viewed from different perspectives. While
criminal psychology focuses on behaviour of an unknown offender for the use of
criminal investigation, forensic psychiatry and psychology explores the same events
under a totally different perspective: The offender is already known and examined
e.g. under psychopathological issues or risk assessment. For a better understanding
of severe violent offenders the interdisciplinary approach tries to combine these
different perspectives. Up to now there is a lack of scientific studies which focus on
these formulations and examine the empirical link between both views.
On the basis of crime scene analysis/case analysis and with regard to personality
theories we explore the relationship between offender behavior and personality traits.
In the first study the psychiatric appraisals of male adolescent offender (N=31) are
tested. Personality traits are measured through the FPI-R (personality inventory). By
using the Checklist for Offender Behavior the crime scene behaviour of the
participants is classified.
In the second study (N=54) severe violent and sexual offenders are examined with
the NEO-FFI, the Scale “Risk-Seeking” of the HPI, the SCID-II and the PCL:SV. The
offender bevavior is tested with the Checklist for Offender Behavior.
Although two totally different samples were examined the results show a good fitting.
A relationship between the crime planning and personality could not bei found. Other
variables of the offender behaviour reveal strong links to personality, e.g. kind of
approach to the victim or the offender/ victim relationship.
We conclude that these results support the notion of a scientific collaboration
between the forensic psychiatry, psychology and the criminal investigation sciences
for a better investigation, risk assessment and treatment planning.
AUTHOR(S)
Lange, K. W. & Tucha, O.
Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany
TITLE
Detecting simulated malingering of memory impairments
KEY WORDS
forensic neuropsychology, memory deficits, malingering
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Friday 10 June 2005, Workshop C "Forensic neurobiology", 2:45-3:05 p.m.
ABSTRACT
Memory deficits are common following brain damage. Distinguishing between
patients with genuine memory deficits following brain damage and malingerers is a
common problem in forensic and clinical practice. Although there have been
attempts to standardise the assessment of malingering in regard to memory
impairments, the development and evaluation of experimental procedures is of
particular importance in the field of forensic neuropsychology. In the present study, a
new assessment approach was evaluated. This approach combines aspects of
explicit and implicit memory functions. Healthy participants were randomly assigned
to one of five experimental groups. While the participants of the first group were
asked to perform optimally in the tasks, the participants of the remaining four groups
were instructed to feign memory problems. The participants of three of these four
groups received further information concerning implicit and explicit memory,
short-term and long-term memory or basic information in regard to probability
calculation prior to testing. The results indicate that the type of information given
prior to testing influences the performance of participants feigning a memory deficit.
AUTHOR(S)
Lanquillon, S. (1) & Fischer-Barnicol, D. (2)
1 Hospital for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
2 University of Regensburg, Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
TITLE
The Role of Forensic Psychiatry in the Prevention of First-Time Crimes by Psychotic
Offenders – an overlooked chance and responsibility ?
KEY WORDS
psychotic, first-time, offenses, predictors, prevention
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
Friday 10 June 2005, Workshop B "Risk assessment", 3:10-3:30 p.m.
ABSTRACT
When dealing with issues of crime risk prediction and prevention in forensic psychiatry,
psychiatrists by tradition until now apply these terms exclusively in the sense of secondary
prevention, i.e. after the offence the risk of relapse is assessed. But, considering the pre-crime
behaviour of e.g. psychotic first-time offenders, in some cases there have apparently been
symptoms predictive even of the imminent first crime.
The present pilot study therefore wants to
1. identify predictors of first-time psychotically motivated serious acts (homicide, attempted
homicide, grave physical assault) and, based on the findings
2. suggest procedures helping health authorities to decide which psychotic patients are at high
risk to commit crimes and need immediate preventive action.
Method:
Retrospective chart analysis of patients assessed and treated in the Regensburg Hospital for
Forensic Psychiatry. Extraction of all information on the patients' behaviour available before the
crime to health authorities, caregivers, health professionals. Standardized identification of
predictive variables. Final results will be presented in the Summer Conference.
Preliminary Results:
Of 12 cases assessed by now, 2 homicides and 1 assault could have been prevented if easily
observable predictive signs had been recognized and taken seriously. During the Summer
Conference final results of 25 cases will be presented.
Conclusions:
Already now the first preliminary results show there is no reason that forensic psychiatrists
should content themselves with relapse prediction and prevention but should also actively offer
their competence as consultants to the health network in minimizing the risk of imminent
first-time acts. This means an additional role for forensic psychiatry in primary crime prevention
which could help save potential victims from becoming real victims and psychotic patients from
turning into offenders.
AUTHOR(S)
Lohner, J.
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
TITLE
Self-harm in custody (H.a.R.M. - Haftspezifische autodestruktive Reaktionen im
Männervollzug)
KEY WORDS
self-harming behavior, custody, risk factors
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Self-harming behavior (with or without suicidal intent) by inmates while under
custodial authority is a huge problem for prisons and jails (prevalence, legal
obligation for suicide prevention, stress for officers). The distinction of “serious” vs.
“non-serious” and often manipulative suicide attempts as distinct phenomena, each
with its own clinical features is controversially discussed in current literature. If
distinct clinical presentations and histories can be observed, then an estimation of
the seriousness of each suicide attempt can be simplified, and appropriate treatment
of the individual case becomes possible. Studies from german-speaking countries
are rare and sound empirical studies not to find.
This study has 2 main goals: On one hand, self-harming inmates are compared to a
matched control group containing individuals showing no tendencies towards
self-harm in order to find characteristics that predict future self-injurious behavior. On
the other hand, inmates showing self-injurious behavior are divided into subgroups
of self-mutilators and suicide attempters (and mixed motive/ambivalent attempts) on
the basis of their intent. Afterwards, the clinical presentations of the individual
inmates constituting the subgroups are compared.
100 inmates showing self-injurious behavior and a matched control group of 50
inmates are interviewed and tested with a variety of psychological tests (SCID,
PCL-R, BDI, BHS, BSI, SIS, etc.) and their prison and health files are examined.
The collection of data will be finished in the end of 2005 and first results will be
presented at the symposium. In addition methodological issues (e.g. preddiciton of
behavior with small base rates) will be discussed and riskfactors coming from other
studies will be presented.
AUTHOR(S)
Malkin, V. & Rogaleva, L.
Department of Psychology, Ural State University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
TITLE
Psycho-forming training as means of social adaptation of offenders
KEY WORDS
psycho-forming training, offender
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Usage of ordinary methods of psychic self-regulation (mental, psychological and
self-training) in work with offenders revealed its effectiveness in the regulation of emotional
state (decreasing anxiety and psychic stresses and increasing of emotional steadiness).
Positive changes of personalities for a long period of time is possible provided it includes
regulation of psychic mechanism – systems of mental (motivating), pupose and emotional
arrangements (they cannot be approached under the circumstances of self- and mental
trainings).
Only in this case we can form such psychological characteristics as:
•Adequate self-assessment
•Self-confidence
•Ability to accept positive reflection
•Decreasing of aggressiveness and conflicts.
These psychological characteristics could provide offenders with social adaptation in their
future life. In order to solve this problem we used psycho-forming trainings. That included
psycho-technical exercises, and games and mental rehearsals of different psychic
situations. Suggestion and self-suggestion were used to create the image of self-confident
person who is ready to overcome difficulties and who can fight for his/her goals. The most
important and obligatory factor of increasing of psycho-forming training is consolidation of
forming aims in labour, sports, creative and other spheres of activities.
Our research revealed a great effectiveness of psycho-forming training that is why it is very
useful for the process of formation such psychic qualities as adequate self-assessment,
increasing of self – confidence, preference of motivation to reach success over avoiding
failures, decreasing fear of loneliness, developing communicative qualities and
purposefulness. Comparison of two groups of offenders, one of which was treated with
psycho-forming training, happened to show that this group had better social adaptation than
the group that did not deal with psycho-forming training.
AUTHOR(S)
Marx, W. (1), Mokros, A. (2), Osterheider, M. (2), Müller, T. (3) & Willinger, U. (1)
1 Dept. of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria 2 Forensic Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy Unit, Univ. of Regensburg, Germany 3 Ministry of the Interior, Vienna
TITLE
Instrumentalisierte Erfassung tatortanalytischer Merkmale bei Patienten des
Maßregelvollzugs
KEY WORDS
Risikobeurteilung, gewalttätige Rückfälle, Tatortanalyse, sexuelles Tötungsdelikt
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Eine der größten Herausorderungen an die Forensische Psychiatrie stellt zweifelsohne die Beurteilung und
Begutachtung von Maßregelvollzugspatienten im Sinne einer validen Gefährlichkeitsprognostik dar. Obwohl in
den vergangenen Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte im therapeutischen Bereich erzielt werden konnten, lassen
empirische Sudien zur Rückfälligkeit von Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs einen Mangel an prognostischer
Validität erkennen (vgl. Pierschke, 2001; Gretenkord, 2001; Jockusch & Keller, 2001). Eine besonders stark
rückfallgefährdete Gruppe stellen nach aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen Sexualstraftäter insbesondere jene mit einem versuchten oder vollendeten Tötungsdelikt - dar (Langstrom, Sjostedt & Grann,
2004). Fehlprognosen können sich bei jener Patientengruppe fatal auswirken (vgl. Pierschke, 2001).
Nach entsprechender Ursachenanlyse zwecks Validätssteigerung der prognostischen Einschätzung konnte
erkannt werden, dass bereits bei der Aufnahme in eine forensisch-psychiatrische Klinik die Beurteilung des
Patienten teilweise aufgrund unzureichender Informationen (Gerichtsurteil und Gutachten eines externen
psychiatrischen Sachverständigen) erfolgt. So stehen dem zuständigen Gutachter und Therapeuten viele der
objektiven Informationen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Gerichtsverhandlung über die Tat vorhanden waren
(Tatortbilder, externe Expertengutachten etc.) nicht zur Verfügung und gehen somit für Behandlung und
Prognostik verloren.
Diese Daten sind jedoch für die forensische Beurteilung und Therapieplanung insofern von immanenter
Bedeutung als sie objektive, unverfälschbare Informationen darstellen, die - analysiert mit Hilfe der Methodik der
Tatortanalyse (Müller, 2002) - wichtige zusätzliche Erkenntnisse über den Täter bereitstellen können.
Ziel der Studie ist, das oben aufgezeigte Informationsdefizit zu reduzieren, indem ein Fragebogen konstruiert
wurde, der den Anwender anleitet, alle tatrelevanten Informationen zu erfassen, wodurch eine validere
Beurteilung und Prognose ermöglicht werden soll.
Die Konstruktion des Erfassungsbogen für Tatortanalytische Merkmale - ETM (Marx, Mokros, Osterheider &
Müller, 2004) erfolgte anhand der Analyse von 35 Tötungsdelikten, die von Patienten des WZFP Lippstadt
begangen worden waren und basiert auf den zentralen Schritten der Fragebogenkonstruktion:
Konstruktdefinition, Itemkonstruktion, inhaltlich-sprachliche Itemrevision, Anwendung der Vorversion auf reale
Fälle (Datenerhebung), Dimensionsprüfung, teststatistische Itemrevision und Überprüfung der
Beurteilerübereinstimmung.
Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte anhand einer Skalierungsanalyse auf Grundlage der nicht-parametrischen
Item-Response-Thereoie (Mokken-Sklalierung [Mokken, 1971]) und bestätigte die tatortanalytischen Konstrukte
"sexuelle Devianz", "Tatplanung" und "persönliche Täter-Opfer-Beziehung". Eine zusätzliche Überprüfung der
Beurteilerübereinstimmung spricht für eine hohe Reliabilität des ETM.
Auf Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse erscheint eine Anwendung des Erfassungsbogens für Tatortanalytische
Merkmale (ETM) als zusätzliches Hilfsmittel in der klinischen Praxis zur Beurteilung tatrelevanter Merkmale bei
Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs hinreichend gerechtfertigt.
AUTHOR(S)
Mokros, A.
Forensic psychiatry and psychotherapy unit, University of Regensburg, Germany
TITLE
The structure of relations between crime scene actions and
personality characteristics in sex offenders
KEY WORDS
comparative case analysis, offender profiling, item response theory, sex offender
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Do two offenders who commit sexual offences act the more alike the more similar their
respective personalities are? Such a relation between the two domains of crime scene
behaviour and personality traits is the core assumption in offender profiling.
The present study used a retrospective cross-study design to test this notion empirically. N =
87 inmates from six different institutions agreed to take part in the interviews and to
complete a psychological testing battery. All participants had been convicted for at least one
hands-on sexual offence (child molestation, sexual assault/rape or sexual homicide). Data
on modus operandi was obtained from the judicial verdicts through content analysis.
As a first step in data-analysis, the dichotomous variables representing crime scene
behaviour were scaled according to non-parametric item response theory (IRT). Among the
resulting scales were homogeneous, sufficiently reliable sets of items that can be interpreted
as surprise attack, paedosexual activity and sadism.
Together with selected trait scales from the psychological tests (extraversion, psychoticism
as well as antisocial, narcissistic and borderline tendencies) these behavioural scales were
subjected to a canonical correlation analysis. The overall canonical correlation between the
scales from the two domains of personality and criminal behaviour in the sample is CR = .45
(p < .05).
As a subsequent Varimax rotation of the canonical variate loadings revealed high scores on
sadism coincide with tendencies for borderline personality disorder. High scores on surprise
attack co-occur with a lack in impulse control (high psychoticism). And high scores on
paedosexual activity correlate with dependent tendencies (low self-reliance).
The results of the study corroborate the view that offender profiling is feasible, as long as the
task is the derivation of psychologically defined characteristics. Implications for police work
(linking of offences) and for clinical diagnostics (classification) are discussed.
AUTHOR(S)
Müller, C.
Honeywell GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
TITLE
Improving Safety and Security for Secure Hospital Units
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Secure hospital units face a dilemma. Whilst the number of patients is increasing, invariably
the number of employees stays flat. Technology can, however, provide valuable support.
The Integrated Approach
Traditionally each life safety, security and building management application operates in its
own ‘silo’ using its own management system. The resulting ‘avalanche’ of information
overtaxes staff, especially in a crisis when a number of mandatory actions are required to be
made through separate user interfaces. Risk of human error is high.
One common, integrated platform makes it easier for security operators to understand – and
respond to - a lot of information quickly. With an integrated system vital building functions life safety, security and building management – are centralised and perform automatically
based on all of the relevant information within the systems. The result? Improved life
safety, security and operator efficiency.
How can technology help?
Video motion detection tracks untoward movement. Deviations from the "normal situation"
are picked up for further scrutiny by CCTV and/or security guard. It makes perimeter
protection possible day and night regardless of the prevailing weather.
Whilst corrective institutions are required to restrict patient movement, health & safety
legislation also stipulate effective life safety management. An integrated safety and security
solution fulfils this dual need. It can manage access control and watch for breaches in
security yet, at the same time, identify potentially life-threatening events.
The sluice is one area crying out for access control. As an employee presents his access
card, so the ID picture stored with that person’s data record is displayed together with a live
video image. The security operator is able to compare the two and verify that employees’s
identity.
On leaving the building, the system can automatically check that employees return their
keys. Integration of a key-deposit-system with access control allows only those leaving their
keys to pass by.
AUTHOR(S)
Müller, J. L. (1), Gänßberger, S. (2), Sommer, M. (1), Döhnel, K. (1), Weber, T. (3),
May, A. (2) & Hajak, G. (1)
1 Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Germany
2 Dept. of Neurology,
University of Regensburg
3 Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, Regensburg
TITLE
Volume loss in the right STG in psychopathy: Evidence from a VBM study
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Research on neurobiology of psychopathy provides a context within
which to study violent and antisocial behaviour, deficient emotion processing, and
the neurology of morals and decision-making. Recent FMRI studies in particular on
emotion processing revealed dysfunctional frontotemporal networks in psychopathy.
In addition, frontotemporal volume loss was found in predefined regions. Up until
now, there is no objective whole brain investigation on brain volume in psychopathy.
We used an investigator independent approach to compare brain volumes in
psychopathy in comparison to controls.
Methods: To assess whether participants with psychopathy according to Hare´s
psychopathy Checklist – revised version (PCL-R) show abnormalities in brain
structure, we used voxel based morphometry (VBM), a sophisticated objective
whole-brain imaging technique, to investigate subtle, region-specific changes in grey
and white matter by averaging results across the volunteers. 17 forensic inpatients
with high psychopathy scores (PCL-R > 28) and 17 controls (PCL-R < 10) were
investigated using VBM. Voxel based magnetic resonance imaging was used in
order to expore whole brain volumes voxel by using an investigator independent
technic.
Results: Voxel based morphometry revealed a high significant volume loss in
psychopathy in right superior temporal gyrus (p<0.05 corr.).
Conclusions: This is the first study to show in a objective whole brain investigation
that psychopathy is associated with a volume loss in right superior temporal gyrus.
Prefrontal volume loss in psychopathy could be confirmed with lower significance.
These findings support a neurobiological approach to psychopathy within which right
superior temporal gyrus is of major importance.
AUTHOR(S)
Northoff, G.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Germany
TITLE
Prefrontale Dysfunktion bei emotionaler Stimulation in pädophilen Patienten: Eine
fMRT-Studie
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Siehe Abstract Gubka, U.
AUTHOR(S)
Ottermann, B.
District maximum security hospital Straubing, Germany
TITLE
Erfahrungsbericht über die Arbeit des KrimFor-Instituts am BKH Straubing
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Das Bezirkskrankenhaus Straubing bietet seit 1993 eine 18-monatige Fortbildung
an, die zum Ziel hat, Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten bei der Erstellung von
Täterprofilen ("Operative Fallanalyse") zu vermitteln. Dies geschieht in enger
Zusammenarbeit mit der Abteilung für Operative Fallanalyse am Polizeipräsidium
München. Bei der Veranstaltung handelt es sich um ein Pilotprojekt, das vom StMAS
und dem Innenministerium in Bayern unterstützt wird. Das Fortbildungsangebot wird
zu gleichen Teilen von Vertretern der Justiz, der Polizei und des Maßregelvollzugs
besucht. Im Rahmen des Curriculums soll betont werden, dass sich die beteiligten
Institutionen fachlich ergänzen und neben trennenden, ebenso verbindende
Zielsetzungen haben können. Die Beteiligten sind bestrebt, an jener Stelle noch
einmal den "Faden" aufzunehmen, an dem die Fallanalytiker ihre Arbeit beendet
haben und ggf. eine psychiatrisch-psychologische Therapie eingeleitet wurde. In
dem Vortrag wird u.a. die Hypothese formuliert, dass die Verknüpfung
kriminalistischer und psychiatrisch-psychologischer Erkenntnisse auch bei der
therapeutischen Arbeit von erheblicher Bedeutung sein kann.
AUTHOR(S)
Prothmann, A. (1), Bienert, M. (2) & Ettrich, C. (1)
1 Clinic and policlinic of child and adolescent psychiatry, University of Leipzig,
Germany
2 Institute of Biology, Pharmacy and Psychology, Univ. of Leipzig
TITLE
The influence of animal-assisted therapy with dogs on the state of mind of children
and adolescents in inpatient child psychiatric treatment
KEY WORDS
evaluation, state of mind, personality disorders, animal-assisted therapy
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Longitudinal studies demonstrate impressively that children and adolescents with
severe behavioural disorders without sufficient therapy are at risk for the
development of delinquency (Ricking & Neukätzer, Dahle). Recent studies belay the
relationship between animal cruelty in childhood and later socially deviant behaviour
(Kellert & Felthous, Ascione). In our psychopediatric treatment including
animal-assisted therapy we fount “soft signs” of disturbed interaction patterns of
children with behavioural problems. We assume that animal-assisted therapy allows
a specific training of social and communication skills, empathy and social
competence especially at the beginning of the child's abnormal development.
Using a pre-post design this study investigates the influence of pet-facilitated
therapy on the state of mind of children and adolescents who have undergone
inpatient child psychiatric treatment due to psychic diseases or disorders. As a
method for measuring the Basler Befindlichkeits-Skala (BBS) was applied, which
indicates alterations in the four subscales vitality, intra-emotional balance, social
extraversion and alertness as well as in the general state. Among 61 patients the
results show highly significant increases in all dimensions of the Basler Scale. These
changes were not ascertainable in a control group (n=39) without dog contact.
Correlations prove that the lower the initial value was the more pronounced the
alteration of the state. Among seven patients a deterioration was noticed on
average. Under fully-controlled clinical conditions an effect size of 0.38 was
measured for the therapy that was designed as a non-directive play therapy. At the
end of this article the significance of these results for the psychotherapeutic work
with children and adolescents will be discussed, along with the possibilities of
integrating animals in the daily routines of hospitals.
AUTHOR(S)
Roßmanith, S.
Psychiatrist in private practice, Vienna, Austria
TITLE
Mothers who kill: Are there differences between homicide-suicide and murder-suicide
in maternal filicides?
KEY WORDS
maternal filicide, homicide-suicide, murder-suicide, female violence
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Maternal filicide is not a random crime, which is predominantly committed by
mentally ill women, but there is evidence that such crimes are deeply embedded in
every culture. In the scientific literature there exist different typologies of mothers,
who commit child homicides (e.i. neonaticide, fatal child neglect, abuse-related,
assisted or coerced and intended maternal filicide – Oberman, 2003). We report
about five mothers who were examined by us in pre-trial after committing filicides.
They altogether killed seven children. Each of the five female offenders attempted
her own suicide, two of them succeeded. We will enlighten the phenomenon of
homicide-suicide and murder-suicide in maternal filicide by paying particular
attention to the personality structure of our female perpetrators, to psychodynamic
aspects, to the analysis of motivation, and to the relationship between the mother
and the victim(s), as well as to sociobiographical data and to the methods of filicides
and suicides. We would like to point out similarities and differences between cases
of homicide-suicide an murder-suicide. As a preliminarily result, which must not be
generalized, we partly found overlapping characteristics and that the methods of
homicide-suicide used did not show less violence than those of murder-suicide. A
further result in our cases, which differs from the scientific results in other studies
(Byard et al., 1999) was, that maternal filicides do not show less violence than
paternal filicides. Furthermore we found, according to other investigations (Palermo
et al., 1997) that the time interval between homicide and suicide is not the most
important criterion for differentiation between homicide and murder suicide and in
some outstanding cases a murder-suicide can show characteristics of a former so
called extended suicide.
AUTHOR(S)
Schiereck-Hollmann, S. (1), Frohna, M. (2), Strack, M. (2) & Stupperich, A. (3)
1 Westphalian Centre for Forensic Psychiatry, Lippstadt, Germany
2 Dept. of
Psychology, Univ. of Göttingen
3 Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Univ. of Regensburg
TITLE
Job Satisfaction and Social Climate as quality-indices in the Forensic Psychiatry
KEY WORDS
job satisfaction, social climate, meta-perspective
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
In Anbetracht der gesetzlichen Forderungen nach “stärkerer Wirtschaftlichkeit” und
“Qualität” in der Praxis des Maßregelvollzugsmanagement findet das Konzept des
Total-Quality-Managements zunehmende Verbreitung. Aus ökonomischer
Sichtweise gilt es folglich nicht nur Absentismus, Fluktuation und das
Burn-Out-Syndrom als Kostenreiber zu reduzieren, sondern unter Bezug auf
Behandlungserfolg, Verhalten auf der Station und Verweildauer auch die
Betrachtung der „Patienten als Koproduzenten ihrer Gesundheit“ (Lecher, 2002, S.
26) in die Überlegungen mit einzubeziehen.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die Konstrukte des Stationsklimas (Engel et al.,
1983) und der Arbeitszufriedenheit (Bruggemann et al., 1975) auf sechs Stationen
einer Abteilung des WZFP Lippstadt untersucht. Neben der direkten Sichtweise der
Patienten und Mitarbeiter wurde auch die Metaperspektive (Strack, 2004) der
Mitarbeiter erhoben.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Beurteilung des Stationsklimas durch die
Mitarbeiter erwartungskonform besser ausfällt als die der Patienten, dabei aber um
die niedrigere Bewertung durch die Patienten wissen. Dabei ist die Mehrheit der
Mitarbeiter entweder stabilisiert oder auch nur resignativ zufrieden. Im Vergleich zu
anderen Untersuchungen ist die Zufriedenheit mit den betriebsweiten Bedingungen
eher gering, die Kollegen werden jedoch für noch unzufriedener gehalten.
AUTHOR(S)
Schiltz, K.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Germany
TITLE
Morphometric analyses in pedophilic perpetrators: An MRI study
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
see Abstract Gubka, U.
AUTHOR(S)
Schinke, D. & Horn, A.
Munich Police HQ, K 114 OFA Bavaria, Germany
TITLE
Der Ansatz der operativen Fallanalyse am Beispiel der OFA Bayern
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Bei der Fallanalyse handelt es sich um ein kriminalistische Werkzeug, welches das
Fallverständnis bei Tötungs- und sexuellen Gewaltdelikten sowie anderen
geeigneten Fällen von besonderer Bedeutung auf der Grundlage objektiver Daten
und möglichst umfassender Informationen zum Opfer mit dem Ziel vertieft,
ermittlungsunterstützende Hinweise zu erarbeiten. In Anlehnung an
bundeseinheitliche Qualitätsstandards zur Durchführung von Fallanalysen verfolgt
die OFA Bayern bei ihrer serviceorientierten Arbeit einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz. Das
Dienstleistungskonzept der OFA Bayern umfasst neben der originären Aufgabe der
Erstellung von Fallanalysen und Täterprofilen in aktuellen und retrograden Fällen die
Durchführung von vergleichenden und geografischen Fallanalysen, die Erarbeitung
von Ermittlungs-, Vernehmungs- und proaktiven Strategien sowie die
kriminalistische Beartung. Unsere ermittlungsunterstützende Tätigkeit kommt vor
allem bei den Fällen zu tragen, in denen eine Bewertung des Täterverhaltens
möglich erscheint. Dabei handelt es sich vorrangig um sexuell motivierte
Tötungsdelikte, Seriendelikte im Bereich der Sexual- und Tötungsdelinquenz,
Tötungs- und Sexualdelikte mit auffälligem Täterverhalten und weitere Deliktsfelder.
Die fallanalytische Beratungstätigkeit und deren Umsetzung basiert dabei auf einem
interdisziplinärem Ansatz wobei neben der entsprechenden Aus- und Fortbildung
und dem individuell angeeigneten Erfahrungswissen, das fallanalytische Umfeld
durch die Einbindung der Bereiche Kriminalistik, Kriminologie, Rechtsmedizin und
Psychologie/Psychiatrie gestaltet wird. Neben der Darstellung der fallanalytischen
Arbeit sollen weiterhin bei der OFA angesiedelte Kooperationsformen und Projekte
vorgestellt werden.
AUTHOR(S)
Sloore, H. & Rossi, G.
Department of Personality and Social Psychology, Free University of Brussels,
Belgium
TITLE
Recidivism and Psychopathy
KEY WORDS
recidivism, psychopathy, PCL-R, MMPI-2
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to use the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al., 1989) as an external
validator for the PCL-R (Hare, 1991) and to try to identify typical MMPI-2 profiles for
recidivists.
53 male recidivists from the federal prison of Dendermonde (Belgium) volunteered to
participate and completed the whole procedure (interview, MMPI-2, PCL-R,
MCMI-III).
A semi-structured interview and an analyses of the institutional files were used to
score the PCL-R. A cut off score of 30 on the PCL-R divided the recidivists into two
groups: a group (N=19) high on psychopathy and a low group (N-24). The average
score on the PCL-R for the total group was 27.17 (ST=4.97), 35,85 % of the subjects
obtaining a score of 30 or higher.
The mean MMPI-2 profile was characterised by a spike on scale 4 (T=72.22). The
Pearson correlations between the PCL-R (global score) and the validity and clinical
scales of the MMPI-2 are most of the time in the expected direction, but they are
rather low. The factor 1 (selfish, callous, remorseless use of others) score on the
PCL-R has no significant correlations with the validity and the clinical scales, while
the factor 2 (chronically unstable, antisocial, socially deviant lifestyle) score
correlates with several of the MMPI-2 scales. The results indicate that scale 4 of the
MMPI-2 measures in the first place the antisocial and unstable lifestyle.
The correlation patterns with the content scales, the subscales, some experimental
scales, the Morey PD-scales and the Ben-Porath PD-scales were also examined.
A Ward cluster analyses (Morey, 1991) on the MMPI-2 profiles of recidivists
revealed, three significant clusters: the first cluster (N=12) represented a 4-9 profile;
the second cluster (N=17) was characterised by elevated scores on F, 6, 4, 8, 7 and
9; the third cluster was characterised by a spike on scale 4.
AUTHOR(S)
Smid, W. J., De Vogel, V. & De Ruiter, C.
Dr. Henri van der Hoevenkliniek, Forensic Psychiatric Centre/Hospital,
Utrecht, Netherlands
TITLE
Do clinicians and researchers differ in their violence risk assessments of the same
patients?
KEY WORDS
risk assessment, HCR-20, SVR-20, reliability, validity
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
In January 2001, we started a research project into the (interrater) reliability and
predictive validity of two risk assessment instruments, the Historical Clinical Risk
management-20 (HCR-20) and the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20). Aside from
the reliability and validity issues, there are important research questions, for instance
who is most suitable to perform risk assessments (independent researcher or
treating clinician) and are there protective factors that serve to modify the effects of
risk factors?
The project is conducted in the Dr. Henri van der Hoeven Kliniek, a 114-bed forensic
psychiatric hospital in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The treatment staff (treatment
supervisors and groupleaders) was trained in coding the HCR-20 and SVR-20
during a one-day workshop. Subsequently, the HCR-20 (plus the SVR-20 when the
patient is a sex offender) was coded for newly admitted patients, patients in the
transmural phase (resocialisation) and patients who are about to enter the
transmural phase. Every risk assessment was performed by a researcher,
groupleader and the treatment supervisor of the patient. During case conferences,
the three raters discussed their HCR-20 item ratings and reached consensus on
their ratings and final risk judgment. HCR-20 ratings were related to incidents of
physical violence during treatment. Overall, the predictive validity of the HCR-20 as
coded by consensus was good. The final risk judgment added significant
incremental validity to the HCR-20 subscale scores. We found no differences
between researchers and treatment supervisors in predictive accuracy. Group
leaders performed worse compared to the other two rater groups. The consensus
between researchers, treatment supervisors and group leaders yielded the highest
predictive accuracy. This is especially true for the consensus final risk judgment
which was significantly better than the judgment of the three rater groups individually.
AUTHOR(S)
Stadtland, C., Hollweg, M., Dietl, J., Reich, T. & Nedopil N.
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
TITLE
Risk assessment in sex offenders
KEY WORDS
risk assessment, prediction, recidivism, sex offenders
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Objectives
Mental health professions seek ways to prevent sex offenders from repeating their criminal
behaviour by identifying the factors associated with sexual recidivism. The individual risk of
perpetrators depends on several parameters that are incorporated into assessment instruments.
Methods
In order to evaluate the risk assessment instruments for sex offenders we compared the
predictive validity of the Static-99, HCR-20, SVR-20 and the PCL-R on 134 sex offenders. The
mean follow-up time was 9 years (range: 1 – 340 months), with the first entry into the official
criminal records of the Nations Conviction Registry as the endpoint variable.
As the estimate of predictive power, the area under the curve of a receiver operating
characteristic (AUC of ROC) analysis was calculated.
Results
When comparing the predictive validity of the four instruments, the results were in favour of the
Static-99. As for the limited sample size, differences between the assessment instruments were,
however, not statistically significant. ROC anayzes for the Static-99 show that including
treatment drop-outs does not improve the accuracy of prediction (including drop-outs: AUC=710,
excluding drop-outs: AUC=721).
Conclusions
A reason for the moderate superiority of the Staic-99 might be that it contains only static risk
variables. As shown in many studies, static risk variables correlate higher with re-offending in
long term follow-up studies and in studies where compliance with aftercare or continuous
treatment is not controlled.
References
Stadtland C, Hollweg M, Dietl J, Reich T, Nedopil N. Risk assessment and prediction of violent
and sexual recidivism in sex offenders. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and psychology (in
press).
Stadtland C, Hollweg M, Dietl J, Reich T, Nedopil N. Langzeitverläufe von Sexualstraftätern,
Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform 2004; 5
AUTHOR(S)
Stupperich, A. (1), Strack, M. (2), Osterheider, M. (1)
1 Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Unit, University of Regensburg, Germany
2 Department of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Germany
TITLE
Animal abuse, interpersonal violence and the 4PX-factor model of personality
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Discussing predictors for violent careers animal abuse is running into forensic
psychiatric focus. This study centres on the connection between personality traits,
violence crimes and animal abuse. We used the Trierer Integrated Personality
Inventory (TIPI, Becker 2004), which measures - based on the 4PX Model of
Personality – the “Big Four” as globel scales as well as 34 single personality facets
as primary scales. We tested 108 male forensic patients (medium age 36) with
different crimes and long or lifelong sentences (diagnosis: 34 mentally handicapped,
23 psychosis, 51 personality disorder; crimes: 46 battery/murder, 21 sex offenders –
women, 28 child molesters, 13 others; 23 hands off, 70 hands on, 15 sadistic
offenders; 55 animal abusers). 104 conscript army soldiers serve as a control group
(male, medium age 22, 15 with crimes, thereof 4 with hands on violence). Analysis
based on Rasch–scaled T-values of the 34 primary and the 4 global scales.
Results: Discriminant analyses separates forensic patients and controls by the “Big
Four”: 15 of the 34 primary scales showed themselves suitable as predictors of
group membership. From that the patients could be distinguished into four
personality types using Cluster analysis (Ward method). Discriminant analysis
separates each cluster from the control group. The Clusters differ in composition of
diagnosis and - in tendency - in frequency of animal abuse.
Although personality seems not predictive of violence in general, illegal acts of
violence against animals (maltreatment and senseless killing) arise likeliness of
being a forensic patient, but acts of legal violence against animals (hunting,
slaughter, mercy killing) are equally distributied among groups. Within patients illegal
acts of violence against animals also correlate with violence during the crime. At
least, social closeness arises the likeliness of a pet to be abused by a forensic
patient.
AUTHOR(S)
Taylor K. & Blanchette, K.
Women Offender Research Division, Correctional Services Canada, NHQ, Ottawa,
Ontario
TITLE
A Gender-informed Security Re-classification Scale for Female offenders:
II. Validation
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Classification of offender populations is one of the most important functions of any
correctional agency. Actuarial tools have demonstrated superiority over clinical judgment
in accomplishing classification goals; in general, they are both more liberal and more
accurate than the clinical method (Meehl, 1954; Grove & Meehl, 1996). However,
objective security classification measures in use for female inmates have invariably
been developed for males, despite evidence that there may be gender-specific risk
factors for women, and that measures derived from samples of male offenders may
overclassify women, resulting in frequent use of overrides by correctional staff (van
Voorhis & Presser, 2001).
The current research initiative involved the development and validation of a
gender-informed security reclassification scale that used multiple samples of Canadian
federal female offender case files. The Security Reclassification Scale for Women
(SRSW) was developed over a two-year time frame (1998-2000). The development
sample included a total of 285 Offender Security Level (OSL) decisions, based on a
sample of 172 women. Validation efforts occurred between July 2000 and June 2003,
including a primary sample (n=580) of all federal female offender security level reviews
during this time frame.
Results showed that the SRSW is a reliable and valid tool for the security classification
of Canadian federal female inmates. Compared to the current offender security level
(OSL) classification method (i.e., structured clinical review), the SRSW placed fewer
cases at maximum security, and more cases at minimum security. Within a fixed
three-month follow-up, the SRSW was significantly more predictive of institutional
misconduct than the structured clinical method (OSL) currently in use. Results are
discussed in terms of both theoretical and operational implications.
AUTHOR(S)
Thommessen, M., Corneille, S. & Mormont, C.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Liège, Belgium
TITLE
Treatment proposal for sex offenders who are in denial
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Die Anerkennung der beschuldigten Tatsachen wird oft als Bedingung für die
Behandlung der Sexualstraftäter gestellt. Diese Forderung, die wenigstens zum Teil
auf dem moralisierenden Wert des Geständnisses und der Erniedrigung begründet
zu sein scheint, bewirkt die Behandlung zu verbieten, wenn es Leugnung der
Anklagen gibt. Aber Forschungsarbeiten zeigen, dass die Behandlung der
Sexualstraftäter in Meinungsverschiedenheit mit der Anklage wie bei den anderen
Straffälligen möglich und genauso wirksam ist. Es ist also wichtig, diese der
Rechtssprechung unterworfenen Personen nicht von der psycho-sozialen
Intervention auszuschließen und spezifische Interventionsmittel zu suchen, die ihnen
angepasst sind.
AUTHOR(S)
Tucha, O. & Lange, K. W.
Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany
TITLE
Simulating feigning of motor disturbances in the context of handwriting movements
KEY WORDS
forensic neuropsychology, motor disturbances, handwriting
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
German
ABSTRACT
Studies concerned with the detection of malingering or simulated malingering focus
primarily on feigned cognitive disturbances in standardised or experimental cognitive
tests. Little attention has been paid to measures for the detection of malingering in
regard to motor disturbances. The present study deals with a new approach in the
detection of feigned fine motor movements. Healthy participants were randomly
assigned to one of four experimental groups and were asked to perform a simple
writing task under two different conditions. The conditions consisted of normal
writing and feigning a disturbance of motor control of handwriting. Kinematic aspects
of handwriting movements were assessed using a digitising tablet. Three of the four
groups received further information concerning agraphia and/or kinematic analysis of
handwriting movements. The results indicate that kinematic analysis of fine motor
movements may represent a sensitive and effective approach to the detection of
feigned motor disturbances.
AUTHOR(S)
Witzel, J. (1) & Northoff, G. (2)
1 Federal maximum security hospital Uchtspringe, Germany
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Germany
TITLE
Ethische Probleme der biologischen Untersuchung von pädophilen Straftätern
KEY WORDS
Oral presentation
Language
Poster
English
ABSTRACT
siehe Abstract Gubka, U.
German

Research in Forensic Psychiatry

Transcription

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