Introduction

This presentation is produced by students of Wageningen University as part
of their MSc-programme. It is not an official presentation of Wageningen
University or Wageningen UR and the content herein does not represent any
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Copyright © 2016 All rights reserved.
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A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE JUNIPERBOS
Assessment of development scenarios
and providing recommendations for
the sustainable future of the Juniperbos
T. Van den Berg
M. Van Kempen
M.G. Kibria
F. Kuhn
K. Leigh-Moy
R. Lette
J. Maas
Commissioned by Stichting Behoud Juniperbos
30 June 2016, Apeldoorn
Introduction
Google Earth
Introduction

Project work of 8 weeks duration

A team of 3 natural scientists and 4 social scientists

The problem
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/2
Introduction: the project
 Premise: development in the Juniperbos?
 Goal: contribution to a sustainable future of
the Juniperbos
Values
4 Scenarios
Recommendations
Legal criteria
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
2/2
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
Theoretical approach
Legal analysis
Evaluation and assessment of values
Introduction to
and recommendations for scenarios
5. General recommendations
6. Conclusion
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/1
1. Theoretical approach

The theoretical approach determines the way in which we look
at the Juniperbos

Landscape approach
 Ecological principles: conservation at landscape level
 Multifunctionality: balancing multiple ecological, social and
economic functions
 Examination of the forest from a large-scale perspective
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/2
1. Theoretical approach
Google Earth
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
2/2
2. Legal analysis
Why a legal analysis?

Natura 2000 network
 Birds Directive
 Habitats Directive

Nitrogen deposition regulation
 Close link to Natura 2000
 Lowering nitrogen deposition

Groundwater protection area
 Preventing groundwater pollution

Silence policy area
 Controlling noise pollution
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/2
2. Legal analysis
What does this mean for development?
 Natura 2000




Must conserve species & habitat types
Prevent negative impacts: internal & external
Prior assessment of plans & projects
Compensation: refer to provincial legislation
Legal
Criteria
 Nitrogen deposition regulation
 Prior assessment of plans & projects
 Veluwe: nitrogen levels already high
 Groundwater protection area
 ‘Stand-still/step forward’ principle
 Silence policy area
 Maintaining or reducing noise levels
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
2/2
3. Ecological values
 Rare & protected species
 Rare & protected habitats
Flora- en faunawet
Forest cover of the Netherlands
Birds Directive
Beach and oak forest
Oak forest
Malene Thyssen,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Malene
Heathland
As adapted from Schelhaas et al., 2014
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/7
3. Ecological values
 Wider landscape value
As adapted from Alterra, 2016
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
2/7
3. Impacts on the ecological values
Development could lead to:
 Increased traffic
Nilfanion,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dea
ger_in_Plymouth.jpg
 Increased wildlife mortality
 Increased pollution
 Increased noise pollution
 Increased human presence
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
3/7
3. Sociocultural values
 Established through interviews with forest
users
 Important aspects
 Utility for dog-walking
 Health & relaxation benefits
 Uniqueness of the forest
 Unknown: attraction park values
Virginia State Parks,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Powhatan_Pow
hatan_Dog_Walking_(13885255733).jpg
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
4/7
3. Impacts on the sociocultural values
 Changes in site layout & size
 Less room for physical activity
 Decreased air quality
 Reduced health & relaxation benefits
© Copyright Christine Matthews and licensed for reuse under
this Creative Commons Licence
 Urban development
 ‘Forest in the city’?
 Age of the forest?
 Noise pollution
 Negative impact on stress reduction
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
5/7
3. Economic values
 Attraction parks
 Ecosystem services
 E.g. house prices & nature
tourism
Total annual turnover:
approx. €40 million
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
 Groundwater infiltration
 Replacement cost: €0.40 m3
 Annual water extraction in
Amersfoortseweg:
5.5 million m3
 Total annual replacement cost:
€2.1 million
 New water pumping station:
€10 million
 Estimated annual contribution
of the Juniperbos: €134,000
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
6/7
3. Impacts on the economic values
 Attraction park expansion =
increased revenue
 Increased visitor numbers
 Higher entrance fee
 Ecosystem services:
groundwater infiltration
 Juniperbos = 25 year zone
 More development = increased risk
of contamination
 Particularly from vehicles
and car parks
As adapted from Beschermingsgebieden Grondwater, Provincie Gelderland, 2015,
retrieved from http://www.gelderland.nl/drinkwater
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
7/7
4. Four scenarios for the Westrand
As adapted from Scenario's Westrand Apeldoorn,
Stichting Behoud Juniperbos, n.d, retrieved from
http://www.juniperbos.nl/2540/0/news/scenarioswestrand-apeldoorn.
 Why?
 Local problems: recreation, parking & traffic, living & nature conservation
 How?
 Different stakeholders involved in development
 Dreams & opportunities rather than restrictions
 Current situation?
 Scenarios not set in stone, document used for discussion
 Impacts are difficult to determine
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/9
4. Scenario 1: Roots in the Woods
| Least changes | ‘DNA of
the Veluwe’ | Room for
‘small’ development |
 Ecological: likely to be impacted
 Sociocultural: no major impacts
 Economic: both positively as well as
negatively impacted
 Legal criteria: unknown
if they will be violated
As adapted from Nieuwbouw ontwikkeling Apeldoorn-West presentatie 4
scenarios, Gemeente Apeldoorn, 2015, retrieved from
https://www.apeldoorn.nl/ter/fl-nieuwbouw-ontwikkeling-apeldoorn-westpresentatie-4scenarios
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
2/9
4. Recommendations scenario 1
As adapted from Beschermingsgebieden Grondwater, Provincie Gelderland,
2015, retrieved from http://www.gelderland.nl/drinkwater. + Natura 2000,
Provincie Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from
http://flamingo.prvgld.nl/viewer/app/Natura2000.
 Precise information and close monitoring in regards to legislation
 Example: establish a parking area with public transport facilities
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
3/9
4. Scenario 2: Groot Berg en Bos
| Outdoor recreation | Integrating
nature & recreation | Expansion of
current attraction parks|
 Ecological: likely to impact the habitats and
species located in the area
 Sociocultural: significantly reduced
 Economic:
positively; attraction parks might
generate a higher turnover
negatively; ecosystem services will decline
As adapted from Nieuwbouw ontwikkeling Apeldoorn-West presentatie 4
scenarios, Gemeente Apeldoorn, 2015, retrieved from
https://www.apeldoorn.nl/ter/fl-nieuwbouw-ontwikkeling-apeldoornwest-presentatie-4scenarios
Introduction
Outline
Theory
 Legal criteria: all likely to be violated
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
4/9
4. Recommendations scenario 2
As adapted from Beschermingsgebieden Grondwater, Provincie Gelderland,
2015, retrieved from http://www.gelderland.nl/drinkwater. + Natura 2000,
Provincie Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from
http://flamingo.prvgld.nl/viewer/app/Natura2000.
 Least recommended:
both values & legislation
 Outdoors activities
with little construction
 Specific dog-walking areas & tranquility of the area
 Better insight into the economic implications
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
5/9
4. Scenario 3: Apeldoorn Adventure Park
| Combining Julianatoren, Apenheul
& possible third | Separating
attraction parks & nature |
 Ecological: maintain the presence of species
and habitat types
 Sociocultural: stay intact or will increase
 Economic: positive on ecosystem services in
Juniperbos
As adapted from Nieuwbouw ontwikkeling Apeldoorn-West presentatie 4
scenarios, Gemeente Apeldoorn, 2015, retrieved from
https://www.apeldoorn.nl/ter/fl-nieuwbouw-ontwikkeling-apeldoorn-westpresentatie-4scenarios
Introduction
Outline
Theory
 Legal criteria: likely to be partly violated
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
6/9
4. Recommendations scenario 3
Michiel1972,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geluidscherm_Overschie.jpg
As adapted from Beschermingsgebieden Grondwater, Provincie
Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from
http://www.gelderland.nl/drinkwater. + Natura 2000, Provincie
Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from
http://flamingo.prvgld.nl/viewer/app/Natura2000.
 Knowledge on species present
around the Apenheul & legal implications
 A noise barrier could be established
 Establish a parking area and develop public transport links
 Obtain better insight into the economic implications
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
7/9
4. Scenario 4: Veluws Kant
| Relocate outside of Westrand|
Westrand as quiet ‘backdoor' |
New natural areas & housing |
 Ecological: positive for Juniperbos as well as
for larger Westrand area
 Sociocultural: stay intact or are increased
 Economic: certain aspects unknown:
 relocation costs
 new visitors
 groundwater (housing)
As adapted from Nieuwbouw ontwikkeling Apeldoorn-West presentatie 4
scenarios, Gemeente Apeldoorn, 2015, retrieved from
https://www.apeldoorn.nl/ter/fl-nieuwbouw-ontwikkeling-apeldoorn-westpresentatie-4scenarios
Introduction
Outline
Theory
 Legal criteria: not likely to be violated
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
8/9
4. Recommendations scenario 4
As adapted from Beschermingsgebieden Grondwater, Provincie
Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from http://www.gelderland.nl/drinkwater.
+ Natura 2000, Provincie Gelderland, 2015, retrieved from
http://flamingo.prvgld.nl/viewer/app/Natura2000.
Pimvantend - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22368222
 The most suitable scenario
 Tourism research on visitors to Apeldoorn
(attraction parks & nature tourism)
Outside of area
with legal restrictions
 Economic implications: relocation
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
9/9
5. General recommendations
1. Taking into account Dutch and European regulations
 Birds Directive & Habitats Directive
 Nitrogen deposition regulation
 Silence policy area regulation
2. Including stakeholder Vitens & groundwater protection areas
3. Compensating nature
 Replacing habitat proves to be extremely difficult
4. Collecting further data
 E.g. profiles and preferences of visitors to Apeldoorn
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/1
6. Conclusion
 Juniperbos
 Ecological
values landscape level: Veluwe
local level: species and habitats
 Sociocultural values: dog-walking utility, relaxation & health benefits,
uniqueness
 Economic values: ecosystem services, attractions parks
 Legal criteria
 Scenarios
 Not are entirely feasible for implementation
 Values and legal guidelines are not taken into account
 Relocation costs unclear
Introduction
Outline
Theory
Legal
Values
Specific recomm.
General recomm.
Conclusion
1/1
A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE JUNIPERBOS
Thank you for your attention.
Are there any comments or questions?