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Coasts and
beaChes
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ourists choosing Calabria as their journey destination are for the most part (92%) attracted by its 800
km Region coasts with its well-equipped, sunny and
wild beaches, offering all kinds of holidays’ solutions as
well as relax, privacy, sports and animation proposals.
the morphology of Calabrian coasts and beaches, from
white sand to cliffs, offers different seaside resort opportunities within few kilometres distance.
In the following pages we introduce you those seaside resorts and those towns on Calabrian wide coasts and beaches, which for their particular landscapes and touristic
sites are first-class holiday places.
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“Wild
cliffs
alternate
with sandy
shores”
the IonIC Coast
the Coast of aChaeans
from Roseto Capo spulICo to Rossano
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the coast of achaeans clearly refers to the achaeans’ settlement in this area and the relative foundation of the ancient sybaris colony. the total length of this coast is about 150
kilometres of shores in the sybaris piana within the pollino high mountain northwards
and the last spurs of the Greek sila southwards, ploughed by a myriad of torrent-like
water-courses.
Calabrian high-Ionic beaches lie down the bulky pollino Mountain, thus offering a really extraordinary coup d’oeil. but in all the sybaris piana area there are very important
archeological sites like the native site of francavilla Marittima enotri, the ancient Cossa
in paludi area and sybaris itself , where the namesake archeological park is precious
witness of the ancient Magna Graecia civilization.
the nothern part of achaeans coast is among the seaside resort sites of Roseto Capo
spulico, amendolara Marina e trebisacce.
Roseto Capo Spulico
HOW TO REACH
BY CAR
SS106 Jonica – A3 Sa-Rc
BY PLANE
Lametia Terme airport
BY TRAIN
Sybaris railway station
DISTANCE
From the airport 150 Km
From Sybaris railway station 4 km
32.007
RoCCa IMpeRIale
in tha Guida Blu with two sails. It is also known for its
You can find Rocca Imperiale in the prestigious Gui-
Castrum Petrae Roseti ( Roseto’ Stone Castle), a for-
da Blu and Italian Touring Club since 2006 with two
tified castle, one of the most important monuments
sails. The Rocca Imperiale Marina is on the shores
in Calabria to defend the High Ionio Cosentino co-
of Ionio Sea for 7 km and its coast alternates cliffs,
ast. Dating back to Norman times, this medieval ca-
shingles and golden sand towards Lucania. It is only
stle overlooking the sea (XIII century) is a place of
4 km far from the old town and it is a first-class holi-
cultural interest at a national level.
day destination thanks also to a wide range of different seaside beach facilities. Of important historical
sYbaRIs
significance is the massive warehouse built by the
Among the most popular seaside resorts of the
Duke Fabio Crivelli in the XVIII century (1731) to-
Achaeans coast, Sybaris is rich in touristic villages
gether with the Torre di Guardia in the XVI century
offering high quality facilities. The fine sand of its be-
(1563-69), both witnessing the maritime and com-
aches leaves place to gravel and stones at a few km
mercial relevance of Rocca Imperiale.
distance. This part of the Ionic coast differs from the
others for its wide beaches full of bars and kiosks
Roseto Capo spulICo
near the sea as well as for wild and free beaches
At the time of Magna Graecia Roseto was one of the
close to the pinewoods. Going southwards you can
Sybaris’ satellite cities. In Roseto a lot of roses were
visit the dock of the Sybaris Lake, a 420.000 square
cultivated, because their petals were used to fill Sy-
metres area very close to the coast with 2800 berths
baritic people’s mattresses. Roseto is in the 2009
for mantainance and shelter for boats. The Achae-
Guida Blu with two sails for its touristic facilities and
ans coast continues southwards with Schiavonea,
it has three stars out of five for its environmental
Rossano Scalo and its famous Zolfara waterpark, its
and landscape conservation. Again in 2010 it is still
Amarelli ancient liquorice factory and museum .
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the saRaCens Coast
from CaRIatI to Isola Capo RIzzuto
among the wildest and richest areas of the Ionic coast there is the very eastern one in
Calabria between Cariati and the area all around the hills of the Crotone Marchesato.
the different morphology of the saracens coast is characterized by alternating headlands and bays. furthermore wide areas close to the sea, often rich in plants and marine
pinewoods, have permitted a very fast touristic development of high-level guest accommodations, to enjoy blue sea and natural attractions. the whole coast is rich in historical
artifacts referring to the hellenic civilization and in medieval and byzantine buildings
(castles, fortified cities, churches, etc).
the all around landscape’s beauty, the blue sea (2009,2010 blue flag), the wide range
of typical food products, the sila mountains nearby, make Cariati a very appreciated
touristic site, visited every summer by thousands of people.
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CIRò MaRIna
Punta Alice, Ciro Marina, the ancient Krimisa, near
Ciro, are among the most famous touristic destinations of the coast, they speak and have Greek origins. In 2010 Ciro Marina gains the Blue Flag for its
beaches for the tenth time.
Capo Colonna
The Crotone beach area goes from the city port
northwards to the Colonna Cape headland, its shoCrotone
re is characterized by long sand tiziano-coloured
beaches. From Colonna Cape archeological site a
short but wonderful series of headlands made of
sandstone mixed to clay begins alternating with
plain sandy inlets.
Colonna Cape, Cimiti Cape, Rizzuto Cape and Punta
Cirò Marina
Le Castella are the most important touristic attraction centres of all the Saracens coast. All the zone is
in the Rizzuto Cape marine reserve, 40 ha long with
a rigid system to protect waters and the numerous
species inhabiting them.
HOW TO REACH
BY CAR
Ionic SS106 – SS107 Sila- Crotone ,
connecting Crotone
to Paola trough Cosenza.
BY PLANE
Crotone s. Anna airport
Lametia Terme airport
BY TRAIN
railway line from Reggio Calabria
to Taranto (trough Roccella,
Catanzaro, Crotone, Sybaris)
DISTANCES
From the airport
Crotone S. Anna airport 10 Km
Lametia terme airport 90 km
Posti letto 17.229
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Copanello
the oRanGes Coast
the squIllaCe Gulf
Whereas the geographical extreme points of this coast are characterized by low and
plain beaches made of sand and shingles, mainly near the rivers ‘ estuaries, the very
central part of the oranges coast is made of rocky white-granite headlands that gently
slope toward the sea. opposed to the pebbly long beaches of botricello, Cropani and sellia Marina to the north, of Isca on the Ionio sea and badolato Marina to the south there
is the massive headland of staletti, offering the most suggestive glimpses of the whole
oranges coast. this headland rises southwards on the long squillace beach and follows
northwards to Copanello beach, softly sloping toward the white sands of Montepaone
and soverato. In the middle of the headland there is Caminia in the town of staletti,
well known for its granite cliffs on the blue sea creating small and big coloured caves.
the natural beautiful landscape of the oranges coast is the ideal frame for the whole
archeological heritage of the squillace Gulf with its beautiful well-equipped seaside
resorts like soverato ,Caminia and Copanello. this area also offers artistic and monumental signs of an ancient past, like the squillace 344 m high medieval town ,
overlooking the same gulf or the archeological park of scolacium ,where you can visit
the remains of an ancient Roman colony as well as the monumental basilica in s. Maria of Roccella, built in the XI century by normans and still considered one of the most
important templar churches in Italy.
Copanello
shortly interrupts the beach.
It is in the very heart of the Oranges coast on the
Its beach is wide and its marine waters, typical of
Squillace Gulf and it is connected to other eight
the Ionic coast, are clear and blue, because of the
villages you can reach by SS 106. The most fa-
presence of plankton which makes them rich in
mous are: Copanello, considered the pearl of the
fish. There are also many hotel facilities and re-
whole coast, Caminia, Pietragrande and Soverato.
sorts equipped for an elite tourism.
Copanello is one of the most important seaside
The other sites in the Staletti coast present more
resorts in Calabria.
or less the same characteristics: wide beaches in a
The town is on a very high cliff on the sea which
sea-hill frame of an uncontaminated nature.
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Soverato
CaMInIa of stalettI
cularly clean waters of these natural tanks; the S.
It is a wonderful bay which lies on a strip of coast,
Gregorio cave.
famous all over the world for its particular unconta-
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minated natural beauty, representing an exclusive
pIetRaGRande
destination for many tourists . Its ivory-coloured
In the middle of the Oranges coast, at a very few
sand is surrounded by a beautiful grey- granite cliff.
km from Catanzaro and Soverato, Pietragrande is
In summer season it represents a touristic meeting
known as one of the highest-level seaside resorts
point for young people, in winter a paradise recrea-
for over 30 years , one of the most famous beaches
ting the man-nature fusion.
in Italy and abroad for its beauty and its particular
Between Caminia and Copanello there are different
discos facilities. Its natural cliffs and crags end in a
sites like the famous Vasche of Cassiodoro where
real blue sea and some of its beaches can be rea-
the Romans raised eels, whose seabed is made of
ched only by boat. In summer season this is famous
very white sand; the great variety of concretions on
for its nightlife, in other periods of the year it offers
the rocks, the presence of rocky arcs, holes and
fascinating natural relaxing habits.
cracks, where basses, breams and even groupers
find shelters, represents a real paradise for all kind
soVeRato
of diving activities, mainly during the night. This area
In the South part of the Squillace Gulf ,Soverato re-
has a great importance from an archeological point
presents one of the most known touristic centres of
of view. Other places to be absolutely visited are:
the Ionic coast. Its climate is mild and pleasant all
the famous “Spiaggetta”, only reachable by boat;
the year thanks to positive climatic factors . It has
the Torre of Palombaro, famous among divers and
several seaside resort and tourist accomodation fa-
among those who want to swim in warm and parti-
cilities. During summer time it is animated by many
cultural events such as the Magna Graecia Film Fe-
“Along this coast
nature mixes itself
with clay rocks
looking at the cobalt
blu of seabed,
paradise of divers”
stival. One of the main activities in this area is fishing, also big fish such as “veal” or “cow” fish that
fishermen then sell to restaurants to delight their
clients. In August its promenade welcomes lots of
young people and all the beach facilities promptly
change into discos.
badolato MaRIna
This is a developing small town also thanks to the
summer touristic increase and to its port for small
– medium boats. The beach is between the touristic
port and a very small natural headland covered with
oleanders. The sea is rich in plankton thus in fish.
The sand is white and thin, you can find gravel on
the shoreline from storm surges flow.
The old town of Badolato is on the top of a 240
m high hill. This suggestive medieval small town is
famous for its Byzantine churches built in the shape
of a Latin cross full of typical lanes. Thanks to its
location it offers the tourist the possibility to change
his habitat in a few minutes from sea to hill, from
mountain to lake.
HOW TO REACH
BY CAR
A3 Sa-Rc
BY PLANE
Lametia terme airport
BY TRAIN
Paola – Cosenza railway line
DISTANCE
From the airport 50 Km
9.101
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the JasMIne Coast
from RIaCe to loCRI
the most southern coast of Calabria is the Jasmine coast that is the whole coast of Reggio Calabria on the Ionio sea. It stretches along 90 km on low and sandy beaches, often
closed into high rocks on the sea where you can find seaside well equipped facilities. the
name of this coast comes from the typical cultivation of jasmine, a delicate and beautiful
but also strong and climbing flower, spread throughout the province of Reggio Calabria
but mainly here. Women (called Jasmine women – gelsominaie) collected these flowers
to sell them by weight and to export them to france to make scents. In 1928 the experimental station of essences and essential oils was created in Reggio Calabria.
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Between Punta Stilo and Spartivento Cape there is a
Roccella Ionica and Marina of Gioiosa Ionica. South-
part of coast characterized by marble-clay hills and
wards there is the small Grotteria piana from which
green terraces rich in citrus and olive trees going up
the Jasmine coast starts with its towns of Siderno and
to a mountainous heart that is the National Park of
Locri, an ancient colony founded in the VII century
Aspromonte. This is a land strip with 42 municipalities,
b.C. and the small villages of Sant’Ilario in Ionio, Ardo-
taking the name of a typical flower of the Calabrian
re Marina and Bovalino. After the Bonamico river , the
High Ionio, but little known to mass tourism. Never-
most important in Aspromonte, the last part of the Ja-
theless those who choose this coast are those who
smine coast begins and it ends to Spartivento Cape. In
like a kind of simple almost rural holiday, who prefer
this area there are sites like Africo, Bianco, Brancaleo-
to live in uncontaminated places but full of history, le-
ne Marina and Ferruzzano cape with its cliffs interrup-
gends and vivid traditions.
ting the monotony of the landscape. All the Jasmine
The first touristic sites this way long are Riace Marina,
coast with its wide and long beaches has often been
awarded with the Legambiente prestigious blue flags
Roccelletta Ionica
to confirm the Calabrian absolute water cleanliness.
The Jasmine coast has been inhabited since ancient
times and it has important historical past remains in
the Archeological Park of Locri Epizefiri or in the sites
of ancient Kaulon ( the today Monasterace) and in the
medieval village of Gerace with its 100 churches and
Stilo with its famous church of Cattolica.
Gerace
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HOW TO REACH
BY CAR
A3 SA – RC, SS 682 Ionio – Tirreno ( Gioiosa – Rosarno),
which connects the A3 highway from Rosarno to Gioiosa
Marina Ionica linking the Tyrrhenian sea to the Ionio sea in
Reggio Calabria.
BY PLANE
Stretto airport
BY TRAIN
Railway line from Reggio Calabria to Taranto
(through Roccella, Catanzaro, Crotone and Sybaris.
DISTANCE
From the airport 140 Km
From the Railway 140 km
6.476
tYRRhenIan sea
t
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hose coming from the noce valley meet a succession of reefs, marine terraces, caves
with fantastic names, rock arches and bridges, beaches lunettes, wall mountains
with oak, heather, mastic and myrtle. the dino isle looks like a big whale, emerging
from the sea waters. Walking from fiuzzi to s. nicola arcella one is dazzled by the
colours and the glitter of the sea. but the landscape changes along the coast: headlands,
quaternary terraces with houses like beehives and on the coast a series of artificial reefs.
before reaching Cetraro the Rizzo cliff suddenly appears with its one hundred-metreshigh walls. after san lucido, among the crowded beaches of torremezzo, fiumefreddo
and longobardi you can find secluded and free beaches and little southwards between
the belmonte Marina and amantea the Isca rocks outcrop just off the shore and because
of their wonderful seabed they are a WWf oasis.
With pizzo, where you can taste delicious truffles ice cream in a lively medieval atmosphere the high Green coast made of small beaches and coves of white quartz sand
begins. the parghelia stacks also known as la pizzuta, announce that tropea is near.
tropea is the tyrrhenian emblem of the touristic Calabria. nature is there to reign: the
sandy bays are inside a jagged coastline and the landscape you enjoy from Capo Vaticano is of a poignant beauty. the Grotticelle beach is sandy, but cliffs emerging from the
sea waters make this place still more attractive; from the belvedere on there is the praia
du focu, a small beach with different shape cliffs just off the blue sea. Many olive plants
tell us that Gioia tauro is here to come with its important port.
the CedaRs Coast
from pRaIa to aMantea
the Cedars coast, so called because of the cedars plant used to make drinks and candies,
is the name identifying this wonderful Calabrian piece of land also known as Calabrian
high tyrrhenian. It traditionally includes also a part of the mountain land over the coast.
pRaIa a MaRe
also try rafting on the Lao river, one of the most
Dark thin sandy beaches and pebbles, jagged co-
important torrent-like river in Calabria, coming
astlines, depths inhabited by corals, starfishes and
down by canoe or rafts.
other species of fishes are some of the charac-
Do not miss a visit to the Dino isle just in front of
teristics that make Praia a Mare one of the most
Capo dell’Arena: this massive outcrop of rock whe-
famous touristic sites in Calabria mainly from the
re you can admire the primrose palinuri, protected
60s years on.
species among the most ancient of the Italian flora,
The Praia a Mare town not so far from Maratea and
is famous for its suggestive caves such as the Blue
its border with Basilicata and Campania is in the
Cave, the Lion Cave, the Fronton Cave , the Sardi-
National Pollino Park: extreme sport lovers could
nian Cave, the Monk Cave and the Waterfalls Cave.
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sCalea
suggestive narrow lanes. On the contrary the new town
Scalea is 20 km southern from Praia a Mare and it is an
develops itself along the beach with lots of resorts.
important seaside resort. Its origins go back to the Paleolithic period. The Scalea village is a touristic destination
dIaMante
for many people for its beauty and its wonderful old he-
Today Diamante is known as the Murales sea town:
art town developing itself in steps along the hill (hence
there are over one hundred paintings on the fisher-
its name) and it maintains signs of ancient walls and
men’s house walls in the old town. In the Diamante
municipality there also is Cirella with its small isle. At
the end of the summer season in the very first days of
September there is the Red Hot Pepper Festival and all
the citizens take actively part in the organization of this
event together with the Italian Academy of Red Hot
Pepper whose head office is just in Diamante.
IsCa blue oasIs
In the wonderful sea mirror between Amantea and
Belmonte Calabro the two Isca rocks outcrop from
the water. This is an obliged visit for those who love
diving among reefs and Mediterranean corals. DeDiamante
clared a WWF oasis in 1991 the blue oasis of the
on the sea a few hundred metres from Amantea’s
Isca rocks is a protected area, deep over 20 m with
beach. To reach this area it is necessary to drive on
a wonderful seabed. The mixture between rocks
the Tyrrhenian SS18 from North and once reached
and sand has created a very rich flora and fauna.
Belmonte Calabro, just follow the WWF site’s in-
In this waters you can find seagrass meadows as
dication. Furthermore it is possible to do seabed
well as dolphins and Caretta Caretta tortoises. The
watching with diving instructors. It is also possible
rocks , remains of an ancient promontory, emerge
to admire the seabed from boat having glass keels.
Cetraro
ACCESSI
BY CAR
A3 Sa-Rc, SS585, SS18
BY PLANE
Lametia Terme airport
BY TRAIN
Paola railway station
DISTANCE
From the airport 100 km
From Paola railway station 40 km
28.799
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the Gods Coast
from pIzzo to nICoteRa
the coast of Gods or the beautiful coast is the name of a coastside piece of land along the
southern tyrrhenian sea in the Vibo Valentia area. Its borders create the so-called Calabria horn, 55 km long with a varied morphology. You can find long white sand beaches,
jagged rocks, small bays only reachable on foot or by boat. Its name, beautiful Coast, is due
to the wonderful landscapes with the aeolian Islands only 32 nautical miles far. the name,
Gods coast, evokes dreamlike images of a total relax and delight. here you can live the
dream of a clear sea, of blue waters, of seabed rich in precious living creatures and of very
white beaches. this is also the dream of the divers for its marine flora and fauna. examples of all this are: tropea and its suggestive beaches, its blue cave but also its 12 churches;
parghelia and its la pizzuta, so called for its granite pinnacles rising from sea waters, its
white beaches as well as its suggestive rocks; zambrone recalling us tropical villages and
its Galera cliff, rich in small cavities and cells.
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pIzzo CalabRo
Seaside and fishing resort overlooking the sea in a
very particular location near the S.Eufemia gulf. According to some sources it was built on the Napitum
ancient site with the castle of Gioacchino Murat; it is
also famous for its delicious handmade ice-cream and
for spaghetti cooked with squid ink.
Pizzo Calabro
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ACCESSI
BY CAR
A3 Sa-Rc, SS18
BY PLANE
Lametia Terme airport
BY TRAIN
Lamezia Terme railway station
DISTANCE
From the airport 60 km
From Lamezia Terme railway
station 60 km
18.488
tRopea
It is one of the most visited sites of the beach tourism.
It has a young touristic port with ships leaving every
day for Aeolian Islands particularly the Stromboli Vulcan, often visible from the southern Tyrrhenian Calabrian coast. In July there are the Bluefish Festival and
the Tropea Red Onion Festival (which has been given
the top quality trademark). This last festival takes place
in September in the same old town of Tropea .
Capo Vaticano
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Tropea
Tropea
Capo VatICano
The headland of Capo Vaticano is located in front of
Stromboli and the Aeolian Islands. It separates the S.
Eufemia gulf from the one of Gioia Tauro. It includes
the coast of the Tono Bay up to the one of Santa Maria
and up to Poro Mountain. On this headland there is a
cylindrical-towered lighthouse since 1870.
The most suggestive bay is the one in Grotticelle, made
of three smaller bays close one to another. The famous
Venetian writer Giuseppe Berto, after having travelled
all around Italy, decided to live here describing in one
of his books that “the part of coast ending to Capo
Vaticano is full of history and beauty. It could be called
Costabella with a hint of regret and nostalgia.”
Capo Vaticano is also known as the best ground in the
world producing red onion, the so-called Tropea red
onion which is particularly sweet. In fact thanks to the
special properties of this ground “only the one cultivated in Capo Vaticano “ results so particularly sweet that
is also why it is very much requested in national and
international food markets.
Furthermore suggestive beaches and clear sea with a
seabed rich in fish make Capo Vaticano a special destination for divers and Italian and foreign tourists also
attracted by typical food products like the ‘nduja di
Spilinga and pecorino del Poro’.
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the puRple Coast
from palMI to VIlla san GIoVannI
the ‘small heaven’: the writer leonida Repaci so called this part of coast which from
palmi goes to bagnara.
It was already called ‘purple Coast’ for the particular colour that the marine waters
have in certain hours of the day. We are now in the very end of the boot Italia, a coast
to be discovered. the sea is opened , deep and without shelters, thus being very challenging but also generous. Clear sea waters protect in fact the rich Mediterranean life
together with the archeological remains of ancient civilizations. the seabed of Cavaianculla, pietrosa, Chianiti, pietragalera, Capo barbi takes care of archeological and
natural treasures.
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palMI
newood, to enjoy suggestive landscapes, to make
On a sloping terrace to the sea and protected by
naturalistic tours. It also offers the opportunity to
the hill of S. Elia (582 m) Palmi is at the same time a
visit archeological excavations in Taureana with its
sea and a mountain town, benefiting of both effects.
early Christian crypt of the IV century and its small
Together with the golden beaches of Tonnara, Pie-
church of San Fantino, the most famous saint in
trenere and Scinà, the wide granite coast of Palmi,
Calabria as well as to explore the Neolithic caves of
full of wonderful bays and suggestive seabed, offers
the great Byzantine - Monastic settlement of Tarditi
the visitors the possibility to relax under a huge pi-
with their stories about buried treasures, myths and
legends. In Palmi there is also the diving center for
Palmi
those who want to explore the wonderful seabed.
baGnaRa CalabRa
Bagnara is famous for the beauty of its beaches. The
Marturano hill divides this very long beach into
two parts, which goes from the Cucuzzo mountain
to Ruggiero tower. Going northwards the landscapes completely changes, the beautiful white beach
disappears and the landscape is dominated by the
ups and downs of the mountains which seem to join
Bagnara
the sea waters. In these frame we can find the won-
sea, Bagnara Calabra enjoys a peculiar geographical
derful natural caves among which the most famous
position like an amphitheatre inside a circle made of
are: the ‘Grotta del Monaco’ and the ‘Grotta delle
hills, full of vineyards, facing at the Messina Stretto,
Rondini, destinations of boats full of tourists and
at Stromboli and Aeolian islands creating one of the
divers. The glittering of the sun and of the rocks
most suggestive landscape in Italy, as Eduard Lear
in the sea waters is able to colour the seabed with
described it in 1847.
purple, hence the name Purple coast.
From 1965 on, every year at the end of July in Ba-
In the middle of this coast , among the hills, to the
gnara Calabra there is the Swordfish Festival now
ACCESSI
BY CAR
A3 Sa-Rc SS18
BY PLANE
Stretto airport
BY TRAIN
Reggio Calabria railway station
DISTANCE
From the airport 30 km
From Reggio Calabria
railway station 25 km
4.873
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Scilla
at the 45th edition. Bagnara is also famous for the
nougat. The first homemade nougat factories in Calabria were built in Bagnara Calabra and they began a
tradition which still exists, making this kind of nougat
one of the most appreciated calabrian products. Almonds and honey, still processed according to the
original traditions make the Bagnara nougat still more
delicious and original. The almonds roasting is the first
step of a long handmade process ending with the nougat preparation. Almonds must cook more than six
hours together with the egg white part and the honey.
These ingredients must continuously be mixed until
they reach a perfect cooking. Then the friable nougat
must be cut in small bars with a white or dark chocolate, nougat, wafer and hazelnut or orange covering.
sCIlla
It is famous all over the world for Ulysses’ stories in
Homer’s poems as well as in Virgilio’s . In the Reggio
Calabria area Scilla is particularly famous for its location, its history and its marine culture. Considered the
pearl of the Purple coast, Scilla extends its territory to
the Aspromonte foothills, form which it takes crafts,
food and agricultural traditions . It counts 5000 inhabitants but during summer season thousands of tourists reach Scilla for its seaside resorts and for swordfishing, carried out as Spring begins in the waters of
the Stretto of Messina by using special boats, inherited by the ancient luntre, with patrol and harpoon, a
fishing method dating back to the Phoenician period.
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