Models for its assessment and INAIL training and information activities

MANAGING CHEMICAL RISK:
MODELS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT
AND
INAIL TRAINING AND INFORMATION
ACTIVITIES
M. Rosaria Fizzano, Piera La Pegna, Elisabetta Barbassa,
Alessandro Carella, Giorgio Papa
INAIL– Advisory Department For Risks Assessment And Prevention
What INAIL is.
Chemical professional exposure and tools
to extimate it.
INAIL activities to spread health and
safety culture diffusion.
INAIL
National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at work
is a public non-profit entity that manages
workers insurance against damages due to
work related accidents and occupational
diseases.
In Italy employers hiring subordinate workers in the activities
that the law defines as risky, are obliged to insure them.
Inail’s objectives:
Inail’s activities:
protecting workers
performing hazardous jobs
medical services and financial
assistance
facilitating the return to
work of people injured at
workplace
initiatives for rehabilitation
and reintegration of people
injured at workplace to social
life and work
reducing injuries
discounts and incentives in
order to help to reduce
workplace accidents and
occupational diseases
Since 2010 Inail took over the functions of
Ispesl (Higher Institute for Prevention
and Occupational Safety):
prevention and scientific research;
certification and inspection.
ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
In regard to professional diseases, an
important step of insurance process is
assessing professional exposure in the
past.
This step is difficult:
many factors affect the exposure;
not all information is known.
ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
Is it possible to use a generic and userfriendly approach for chemical risk
assessment related to past situations?
We have examined the following tools:
ECETOC TRA WorkerTool 3.0 (tier 1)
Stoffenmanager (between tier 1 and tier 2)
Advanced Reach Tool - ART (tier 2)
ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
The ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA)
tool was launched in 2004 and updated in April
2012 (version 3);
http://www.ecetoc.org/tra
It consists of 3 separate models for estimating
exposures to:
workers, consumers and the environment
that arise during a series of events (“exposure
scenarios”).
Principle elements of TRAv3 worker
inhalation exposure prediction
From ECETOC
technical report n. 114
Principle elements of TRAv3 worker
inhalation exposure prediction
The most important data:
Very low: 0.01 Pa
Low: <500Pa
Medium: 500-10.000Pa
Hight: >10.000Pa
Principle elements of TRAv3 worker
inhalation exposure prediction
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Circumstances of use: 25 PROC
Activity duration:
* >4h
* 1-4h
* 15min. – 1h
* <15 min.
Concentration in preparation:
• 100%
• >25%
• 5-25%
• 1-5%
• <1%
Principle elements of TRAv3 worker
dermal exposure prediction
From ECETOC
technical report n. 114
ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
STOFFENMANAGER is accepted by the Dutch
Labour Inspectorate as quantitative exposure
model to evaluate exposure to chemicals at the
workplace; it is evaluated by about 1000
measures of inhalation exposure.
www.stoffenmanager.nl
2 different versions:
control banding of chemical risks;
quantitative exposure assessment.
Stoffenmanager overview
From: Hans Marquart et al., Ann Occup. Hyg. 2008; 52; 429
Data input
1. General data:
• Name of the product
• Whether the substance is a solid or a liquid
• Publication date of the SDS
2. Risk data [according to the SDS]
• Risk and safety phrases (phrases R, S or H, P)
• Composition of the product, according to the SDS
(CAS number and concentration)
• Dustiness (for a solid), vapor pressure (for a liquid)
3. Workplace [according to the SDS]
• Hazard categories
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation needed
ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
ADVANCED REACH TOOL (ART)
www.advancedreachtool.com
ART
ART is a mechanistic model for the estimation of
inhalation exposure, based on an source-receptor
approach.
The emission source is a function of physic-chemical
properties of the substance(substance emission
potential) and of the potential activity to generate
exposure (emission potential activities).
The framework describes the transport of a
contaminant from the source to the receptor (worker)
by defining some independent modifying factors.
Modifying factor
(MF)
Description
It is the substance intrinsic potential emission (e.g.
Substance emission
dustiness for particulate agents and volatility for
potential (E)
liquids).
Activity emission
potential (H)
Describes the potential of the activity to generate
exposure; it’s determined by the following
characteristics: type and amount of energy transfer,
scale (e.g. amount product used) and product-to-air
interface (e.g. level of containment).
RPE
Respiratory Protective Equipment.
Modifying
factor (MF)
Description
Localized
controls (LC)
Control measures in close proximity of the source (e.g.
local exhaust ventilation, wet suppression techniques).
Dispersion
(dilution)
Natural and mechanical ventilation characteristics,
determining the contaminants dilution.
Segregation
Isolation of sources from the work environment without
containment of the source itself.
Separation
Personal enclosure (e.g. air conditioned cabin).
Surface
contamination
and fugitive
emissions
Emission related to contaminants on surrounding surfaces
(including worker clothing) due to natural means or
general workplace activities (e.g. moving equipment/
vehicles) and unintended and unpredictable leaks from
process equipment.
ART…
• Is a well structured and easy to use web-tool;
• Is applicable for exposure to dust, vapor and mist (not for fibers,
gases, fumes); the tool doesn’t predicts dermal exposures;
• Takes into account several operational conditions and risk
management measures throughout the whole exposure pathway
from source to worker;
• Includes effects of determinants based on a combination of
published effects and expert judgment;
• Is calibrated with extensive measured data;
• Provides the choice of several percentiles of the resulting
exposure distribution;
• Provides an indication of the uncertainty of the mechanistic model
result;
• Gives the possibility to estimate exposure during a number of
consecutive activities.
ART
Advanced Reach Tool (ART) combines mechanistic model
results with measured data in a Bayesian statistical
process to update the estimates with the user’s own.
This combination of model estimates and data produces
more refined estimates of exposure and reduced
uncertainty.
In the ART version1.5 is possible:
- uploading own data for the scenario
- search ART database (>100 scenarios and ~2,000
measurements) for analogous scenarios
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN FIBERGLASS
BOATS CONSTRUCTION
The outputs of previous model have been
compared with data collected in several surveys.
Production of fiberglass boats.
THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Building the model
Construction of the mold
The open mold is first coated with
a polyester resin known as a gel
coat
More layers of fiberglass mats
with resin are applied by hand
(“laminations”)
Assembly the boat
Finishing the boat
Layout of the craft
LAMINATION
During the lamination, a resin,
containing free styrene (25-50%), is
applied with a roller or a brush on
sheets of glass fiber.
STYRENE
CAS 100-42-5
Regulation (EC) N. 1272/2008
Flammable liquids (category 3*) - H226
Acute toxicity (category 4), inhalation H332
Skin irritation (category 2) - H315
Eye irritation (category 2) - H319
Reproductive toxicity (category 2) - H361d
STOT repeated exposure (category 1) H372
* minimum classification
Danger
INPUT DATA
Production of fiberglass boats.
INPUT DATA
Production of fiberglass boats.
OUTPUT DATA
Production of fiberglass boats.
* Carletti et al, Giornale degli igienisti industriali vol. 32, n.1, 2007
ART appears to provide a better estimate of
occupational exposure than the other models.
Anyway, it must be considered that ART, being a
tier-2, requires a greater number of input data
compared to tier-1 tools and an accurate
description of workplace conditions is difficult to
find, especially with past situations.
The project is considered as an ongoing process
so the analyses will be expanded to other cases
in the near time.
INFORMATION AND
TRAINING ACTIVITIES
Inail,
consistently with the previsions of italian law
(DLgs 81/2008),
promotes the dissemination of a prevention
culture through projects aimed at informing and
training workers, employers, technical staff, etc.
on health and safety at workplace.
INFORMATION AND
TRAINING ACTIVITIES
In regard to chemicals, Inail is implementing an
awareness campaign for a conscious application
of EU legislation on Registration, Evaluation,
Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
(REACH), on the Classification, Labeling and
Packaging (CLP) and on the Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS).
INFORMATION AND
TRAINING ACTIVITIES
In particular:
Web pages addressed to great public
Teaching materials for workers training
Training initiatives
WEB – Knowing the risk
-Biological agents
-Carcinogens agents
-Chemical agents
-ATEX
-Physical agents
-Ergonomics
-Nanotechnologies
-Dust and fibers
-Electrical risk
-CHEMICAL AGENTS
-Dangerous chemical agents
and their proprieties
-Risk Assessment
-Prevention and protection
measures
-CLP
-REACH
EDITORIAL PRODUCTS
TWO EDITORIAL PRODUCTS
on REACH, CLP, SDS
used for the training of workers
www.inail.it
Dangerous chemical agents:
instruction for workers
Dangerous substances:
instruction for the use
DANGEROUS CHEMICAL AGENTS:
INSTRUCTION FOR WORKERS
RISK
REACH
CLP
Training course
ATTACHMENT
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES:
INSTRUCTION FOR THE USE
TRAINING COURSES
Workers
productive sector
Rubber and plastic
Metal
Wood
INFORMATION AND
TRAINING ACTIVITIES
Information and training activities
Inail is often part of national or regional projects
in order to increase knowledge of risk and
prevention at workplace.
An example is “impresa sicura” – “safe
enterprice”.
WWW.IMPRESASICURA.ORG
A web site
3 levels:
1 - general
2 - identifing risk
3 - protection
and prevention
measures
www.impresasicura.org
Production of
fiberglass boats.
THANKS FOR ATTENTION
MANAGING CHEMICAL RISK:
MODELS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT
AND
INAIL TRAINING AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
M. Rosaria Fizzano, Piera La Pegna, Elisabetta Barbassa,
Alessandro Carella, Giorgio Papa
[email protected]