The development and implementation of the verse

Transcription

b \o?,llqo?
nr:eir.:un rnoaa.ltfiuri.:fr oia
an:oqj:nailnr{su
6or rJ:vrnr6n6' rfiarsxe*r.:erlllfifi a,lriuruairrvrNarnlrl
dnafu rin
riuu.fuil:rr
il fi nnrfl
fi
q
TIIE DEYEI.OPII{EI{TAND IMPLEMENTAIIOhI
OFTIIEVERSE. CARMON BOOK ?MCHADEKDEE
TlO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE
ON TIIE AIR FOLU.ITION FOR PRATITOMSUKSA FOTJR
aryrifi
/
STT'DBINI
omhicdm.d
1
6a,
0R u uvlu'li}'l5
7
I
rirufiqrifl
6,hl
urds xufyrurd'snfi cra
y,l.€I. 2540
dsesn
&5r+o
r
I
Copyright by Mahidol University
AA(
?vru'lunun'
t:A.l
nrdir.:
un cil oa
A
6a
r5o.rlj:vm rd n6 "
A
a{lfi4fi':Aa{a urnaujxnaunl$fl u
rfi a rdtl air.:
olllifi
o
anfi'ur nfi wrtatnt
drr,lirrin riuufiu:J:rr ffi nlnfl
drd6
fi
fl
c
6
01?]JTVO1J?.:U
tf?au
n
vrrir,r::nr ulr?.iri
il
il:vorun::rnrn?u
n
fi
ffirJ
aqrur
Neil
R.tJ.,tvt.A.c.A.s.
urflnuf
pr.p.
ftrvsi.rn:
!
urfinuf
nrru nrfnt nilivr
t
J
\\
p)
7YA5t
14
t?y)"^0
"""'(t""""" """" "'r" """
ilnaila.:
Tafln1 o.rJ.
It
nTtrJm:o?u
t?
/l
3
9l3J?71
u'luTll,lD
:/
/rvtt*' ,Yon*daa
aqau mur?{na flfiuilflql
vt.u.,t[.11..
r6to':t iquli'ofiu
\
M.A.(curr. & Inst.)
F.R.C.P
orulj6
6nuroraq:urnrrinrfiql
v
uuYrsr?ilu]au
dlrlitla{
ur oda x fi n:g'r
6
?vru'r1.$11,10
6o':
n1:d;1.: $a :in o a art#rarft
A
i
6 a
ria.s'rJ:vm rdn6"
nfi o
o
fi
aio u n:o.:rJ:vn au nr{qu
u
o,A
rdimfr nrufifi urfiurafi r*vn{o1nl €l
.s
drvrirdn ri uu#urj:vnru fl nr*rfl
fi
+
'ldiilnnnqr:rxrar4fi6ti'riurfi ud'uradsnalnr:dnm
nrxufi'n6o:rJ?ryrgrdnrrcrrden Jlrrrinrfi q arrnirndlurof;oarfin:*r
{ufi
t
rg Trqunrortl 2s4o
*&=
dtJtJgl
orril:vdur.:ri
zu?au
$
TrTtuy{?5nl
il:volurmu nr:douivt arfir ruf
\
ot$d\
:rxd
ffifier fiuvdsq:
Ph.D.
n::sJmr6f auivr urfirtrud
s\
fy'D,S'Y?.t, ,Anr'q
"""""er""""""""""?""
finanar
:6:Tnr n.il.
tl
n::rinrdouivrurfinuf
\tr
f)]Ct
(
6-A
?:uv d:dill4 NFI.'J.
n::mr:aTuivr etrfiinrut
r/n .fJ///
6a
ooad
iBerntna :rrrTnrfi
9t
sl
a:rr r{
{n:'hr'r# o.u., 4".u.(6itu'rodal)
1^1.u..u.u.. F.R.C.P
:o.ror*ud Snur:rrnr:uvluoruud
otuuo
onsds oeroran{uavlr4uu
VAVA
uilYtg't?yl uta
u tJ?1't??1 ila urJuoa
oraqi
mnrimurduarfioa
rj:vT6fitftr
dt
iu
rdau
urelnil:ifi orr:J:vdurrf
flrfio
6 rrr=ngmrl u.Ft. 24s6
anrufirfie
{.:raio4vn:nrq6 rJ:crflolilu
:Jxifinndn:*r
?vrurfruogriruaeJr6qr{T^ncu'r, 14.fl. 2s24-2s2s,
oloraorainrfi m (nrn:J:vnrdnur)
mafivrurfiuqTrfruo'::mG:rr, rr.Ft. 2s24-2s2s
dnur
oraqrfilfi
urrinurdutfioa, n.o:
.
or (eirrfiouerdn:*r)
2537-2s40
dntnflraq:rJrar:irufi
o
:
1ri.:urofrorudnu1
4unr:6nur
qudfiildtum:.i{uorn4nfiG ar.a.6nq unr.rol
eiruudtunsanrufirir.nu
n.o. zsrg-flo1iu, b.:r5uu{onrl:tfiru drrinnunvrou:qi
.y{.rr. 2s3e
nFryrl1ill4'.ll,lFt:
ol
Sf'lttl4U{
:
6v
O'lQTiU 2 X,otU 7
finfinmnjunn
ivrurfinufddrrSqn,ildftud rvmvldfuEnunpuraafudsaln:a:Fndsmqnd fivrrfir::nr
uv{?.tFl m oufi'u1 :osrt'ldqflar:ei o:.ffiu fiuvd.q:
ilqailo{ TTlrl1 mu
I
6*
5a
6
I
flaTru?:uy6f?d{M
:rxft{r6iurrrrguavr{n:.:qru'ld4nviruidt6tiriruucdr
urits uanhvrfiuqomnurirfioiiafrrdu
drrafunr:i{u1uor&d6oour-uoornnr:vqrufiuoair,rq.w ru lanrad
flonfllJsauil:uqsmndqflqr:ai rariarnn*rs6nq unr.:ol firuourp,reiiuar4unr:ririvrur
trav q-luurmoqafiFr
^
flnuo
lrfuriffi {n
rawiru
69
I
tanauv{:sqruaror:eiqnrd
or4rem#uacnlrJdr r146a1unr:yisilur
EJ
fri'iria
{drurunr:TN6uu{onvlafiru filfionel
reido.:fi o
nanouil:cqruomnelsrfio t$find frdr aainnudnlr enJ:vtrfu i{ud anrriund'gfirua*r
6or{rr^rxur arqlrEifirnnrnl 6qr5lq {:Jxeiusnrnhtlfi$ur.rrufirmonndnm rarirudn:nfirvrori
nTr ryr?rsJl4ruo: ;dlfienrrufuavtfreir
uunhqa
o
orJ.r
?oaouv{:cqilomrtdmryour:oor{o onnrjlxriuwignnilfio-ivrurdu aroneiueo:aorda
arqnziLrtiuu{otar1jdtqil?ril ddrunr6olfirhuunir d!flurhsTuxfoein8.:tunr:ritr6uorftiil
lofl auilrvqruilri':
u$u {ri.:durirgm uostdoud?mu fitnlbnldracdfinquurifi
6u
qnaoill
qiluil +imo dan uav{rfiurfio.,:qnviruflfionl
druna6apdru drurflurirfr,.:1offiderfionrlrnry flnuul oaooounfiuei4u4uvrir.rflunr:6nr*r
qorirud flarmlreauvltvqruqnnb
urifi{ufrudoaoom
urual:i6
ortj:caTu?.n$
n
rl-
6
ta2ilmuTtltf
n'ndfi { rn :,yr o a a.flfirnri.: fr aia un:os:J:vn
riar
":J:vrn
drrafu
16
n6"
rfi a rffi
a{rs on
rinrton#t tjt*'udnurfl
Fdu
ami6 orril:vdurs$
ffiqqr
fl n:cr
Ava
H
orasnilurrinrfi
q
fi
arf; rfi
au
urriu
nrSgu
uvrN or nr
e.rnfi
o
+
(fu uro fro e.r dnur)
R$srTrrilrmairu qr6vr rnfinuf
A€6
vll lUv,lT:TU
ffifru
1.[1A|?.3FI
tl,| AqDU1, O.N., M.A., c.A.S.
fruvoT.rg: n'.u.
finanor
:6anr er.r.
9q
J. a
?ltYtfflLTQtTllrflfwl
a,
19 v'tqunlarJ
l^l.FI. 2540
rmdoaia
nr:iduer&dfiivrq:l:vardrfioafisuanroaarlfvrri..rfioiasrna.:ilrynaunfEu6a.:
ql
'r-hvmrdn6" $iarffiruairsota.r{lfiurfiuruafir*mr{olmd drrafurinl6or*#rnj*oudnr*rfl
9J
fi + lflurari..:fioairu:J:rrouar:vrTurfu uayfintrdfl,Jtrnru
rirnr:dn:*rzua#HqvrdmNnr
riuuzouinriuu rj:vffiuo':rerfi.rrnrotqluufisfiaiaun:oqj:vnaunr{gu uavnr:rj:v6u
uaT
v
Z u
Y
-a, A.v Bu,^ rauVso
qilt'l'11'{?la{uu.{da [outJvrr{qnr?s}r
Hlau tgtu'l14u.idoyrdTr.rfl1.lhj$tsr1.n?%sru 3 o-{ nau
ilona..:q5{fiurinrigru#uil:vnrfrnurflii o tikriuuSond:r8nr
drrin"r1l.{r?terouuS nr{
qqq
f
a
v
a
I
v
r
i
q
o
q
i
9ta
v
tvtl'lrul4luor lou6anfinriuun{ru01':oeirl fr{fiqr:il1a.tnouuuu-luRaLndr6el:riu u6'r{x
g'
|
, 9c,
,
!
fl
q?AU1{4U1.:.i'lUL14OHtt[nnrJn0|n0{
ufrtnr:moaas
€11,1
mUt'lqti€nuqtJ 32
v
011.{
t
d
T
.r
|
|
j
u
A
a
fildlrircr:rdffo4aLout:JTEJutffuuorre.uqneir{fla{€ilrsfiuzuaflsJqnfi41.rnr:r:ul+
-f
.4a
-f
'l
Yl'lin1T?OtlAnOu$AY
hi'nq'a.rvrono.seirurari.rfio d':un{ru".uqu1*ilrrururarX.rdafiair.:du rirzua
qt,,
-4ô-.^..---
33
d
^ tv
Toulfi
, V ,3
n16nq t-test lourJandTjo{sto tuu
1. nvuuttrunffiqvrfvrr.:nr:rtuusa.:rinriuun{e.rnona{ rnfi.lqrnfieirurafisfia{ou
n:a.::J:cnaunr{qufiafr.:du q.rn'jrriounr:airuuav6rn'jrn{ruoruqufil*i16'uiruvrri.rdo
Soan:o{:J:cnaunrfqudsnrin oeirsfirXedrdryvn.rafi fifi:vdu o.os
z. nrd:vfiuqs*rnnfl
andd
?slraH LllnrBz|oefin
un:a{:J:vnaunr{qufi a{Ndu
{'vrxqru
Copyright
by Mahidol University
o.,rr,rri.sfraia
Tou
?
s. nrr:Jrv6uermrufi.:na1qturafis6a{a Eln:asilrcnounr{qurfi afr .lduramrjal
vr
oaa.r
o
qjturn ruc,{6rn n
framRrours
alnruanlrnonarn?rttd'ir rarXrfladara.n:ntfilflurari.,:floejrurfie.n6ild Tou
:Jfi.nlpqrunril?aqnfi'{frasnrJdruu:drlaod'vr:.,rqrujduqiacfiflrrfiati'firts8vr6nrnd€isdu
rracartfi"nkfiruturmttunr:afrsrnisflaeirrufii*lfiffdlfienfiasriuflrparruafiuoirudul
rdu
6u rh rflufiu rari.:fiadrrufiill6ilfi1dqrnnr:i6prtuo*oda.lul-*rblfiJ:vnaunr:rtsu
nr:aaulufuidn rdt. d enfiasfiufl rguremfir*ynro'rm Fr uastfiJ*naunrmirrufi afi nfinw
nrrtfinrr*r#rtu:v:ru
ua si.ranrs,rJuTr..:
16
uu
er
Thesis Title
The Development and Implementation of the Verse Cartoon
Book "Pracha Dekdee" to Promote Knowledge on the Air Pol-
lution for Prathomsuksa four Students
Name
Sombat Daopradabwong
Degree
Master of Education @nvironmental Education)
Thesis Supendsory Comminee
Trppan Navawongs, M.Ed., M.A.,C.AS.
Sirichai Chinatangul, Ph.D.
Pikulthong Ruchirap4 M.A.
Date of Graduation
19 May B.E. 2540 (1997)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to develop and implement a supplementary
reading book in the form of the verse-cartoon book named "Pracha Dekdee" which
emphasized air pollution and its effect for Prathomsuksa four students.Knowledge and
pleasure integrated with four-color pictures were included in the book. The achievement
test and book evaluation forms were constructed. The developed booh was tried out for
three times before the actual experimentation with Prathomsuksa-four students at Wad
Varurachin School, Thonburi District, Bangkok.Students were selected to be the study
subjects based on their grade point average. These students were randomly assigned to
be in control and experimental groups. There were 33 students in the experimental group
and32 students in the control group. Both groups were pre-tested and post-tested before
aftergiving the treahent, which was areadingbookbutnohearrnent forthe confiol
group. The t-test was used to compare the learning achievement of those two groups.
and
The results of this research revealted that :
1. In the experimental group the post-test scores were higher than the pre-test
scores. The difference was statistically significant at 0.05 level. The post-test scores of
the experimental group were significantly higher than the post-test scores of the control
group.
Z.The book's quality evaluated by experts was very good.
3. The book's satisfaction evaluated by students was very good.
It can be concluded from results of this study that this book
can be used for
supplenmentary reading with some improvements as suggested by the experts for better
quality and more effectiveness. This research could be used as a guideline to develop
other advance supplementary reading books on some other topics related to pollution
such as soil, water, etc. The book should be used as one of the learning and teaching
subjects related to air pollution, and used as a tool for Thai language teaching in both
formal and nonformal education.
nafq
9,
um
rnndodonrvrtru
n
uyr0tou0R1u10{nqlt
n
Ar:rirgorm.:
a
OrarisUuzuuAfi
il
u7t7l
:.nn1,[1
1
1
v
I
I
av
?0qu:cfr{0t1a{nmou
i2,
.
urulTlil
e
7
av
a{nTrYmuQlnnmq u
7
amgGgrulunr:'idar
7
AV
gaumgtflo.$nmau
8
v
9A'
l0qna.0uoitslu
8
rir',irfi'oorulunnidu
8
tyTu{didororhauldhr
2
10
ran6{'}:uaynua{#rdurfiai
11
11
15
21
Aiva
nTrf Inl9'l ul u?nil8JnffiJfl Nalm f I
',1
av
AA
38
tt
fluinunTyta!.mnmtoit
ACo
a
44
av
?fi'o'ltuunTnaEl
50
53
57
60
a
6rt
mflr€fifigatJn
61
t{nnmau
63
q,
yr
?t1.[9l0uyt
9l
v_
63
1
A
v
vA
V
t
d
su$aum 2 mTl,'|erm?ru{daiiaunTa{il:unaunT5qu'l
vll
laAvAAv
fl l,lsrouyr 3 nTil^tsilu1tn50{3Ja?otil:cdytDRl}l
4
Qc{ -a e
t
.
-V-.-^
flltgrouyl 4 r.lam:Toao{ ttl4u{da:0un:a{:jfinoum:qu
s
64
68
69
a:":Jzunnr:i{u afi:J:ruzua unsfratduouuc
75
q:Jzunnr:i{u
78
c
ar:rTrU (sia)
v
fiu't
afiilruzuanr:iffa
78
frornuourstunr:'i{u
79
80
u?:'[u1Tr-nil
R',lFttnnn
n raurr{vr:tqruj6lunnrJ:vfiuqrunrvrrari.:fi0
nrnzuu?n I n.l:?t€t't'ln4flaila
au
i o "ho
n102il?n n to:a.tilailtf,tunri"tau
Rrcrzuu?n
a
6b
$
Rlo,lu?n
r
"rj:wrr6n6"
ufir6onr{qu6o{
U
87
90
96
106
a
ar:rTryvn:r.l
I
9t'1T1.371
1
2
a
eX
v . A
n.mro?'ln4ruauuo{uanqm: rTa{}Jav{19711{o1n19f
uda{nrnj:vfiuonrnrilufi{Aa5aEln:a{il:vnaunr{qu-r
q$
fe'
rouzuyt?.3Ft&[?g]t
.uqq
3
ttdo.:ouu1.llar.lafieJqvl6vrrmr:riuu riarurannfi'snr:eiru
vA
6
t
141,[{6rAU:UnAUn.l:qU .1
4
r
6e
-dari
rrflo{n'nt:.J:uuryruuFt?ltJttonqNflo.toyttltutqauuuumodau
vvAarrrl
?ozuaf,NqmDilNnTilTurl
5
|
llo{nquylotao{t[n:n]q3Jn?u9lrJ
naun,lTolufla{nqrJytoaa{uacnqtJn?uq3J
70
-raati
LKA{m?IU:UUrTlUU9|?1NttslnglTtlloitflyltul,ttqau$uuilodau
vqAarrvr'l
?oiladilqilDyn{n,l5[Tuu naun1Taluttayud{n1To11,[1lo{nq8Jmoao.]
6
70
,rda,i
t[6{O.Sn.lTtuTUUtytuuo?'lSJuqnnl{flo{nuulllatsauttu1j7106{au
uq{arrrr
?or.la6{tJqTtDyn{m?t?uu naun'na11,|uauua{n'lTo1%?a{nqtJoxuqtJ
7
71
rrdo.inr:nlierurfiuuct?'lrJrL$nsirssa.tFtvuuurqdeJuuuilodau
gar{avrrr
?ozunflNqnfilNn1:r?uu ua{n1?o'ltl1a{nqeJnoaa{uasnqeJflxuqr{
71
B
udoirnffiJ:crfiuotilfi$rra1q1uuri.rfra{aunm{il:cnaum{qur
72
e
enTl.:udo{Fi'lot?'lsJmn$u (p) uaudrdlmaiillrun
(r)
s1
10
11
$6fO.3FtUn1.$[?JOiil[:.JUytO6fAU
rioB$Avila'Snr:ejrUr4riSflaram{rJTtotdau
uavndrJn?uqil
{
ar:riryul.ru4fi
v
fi1.['l
AA
I
ttiluntJyl
9l
r
lv
lo:.:4fisrtasufrndsn
,u
19
2
fl1.lgrounmr.nqursirnoao{l
51
3
rraoqrJuuunmyroao{ rruuaasnrit ioriauunnnfr.moaas
60
4
uaorfruq aunr:m on astfiurX.r
v
vcava
fi
oia en:asrJ:cn au
m{qur
dr Elnrriloao{ uuuda{ncia.r Soriauunnnfitmoaas
q
61
)
u?l?t
1
crmnlrunusunnnfi dqaadqffl
cA
*n+:ruunvd{urodarfienu.rfrlcffr#fiur.nfi{usim{:'jrdere,fi66uluTanrn:rvfiufivmufiufiir
d.:uro6olrfluuraridovrdadrurulfiHr4uelldfuflqdudlum:cir:sffiq d,:luodqrlu ommr6l6a?r.:
d.:unosaxdnauvaffdqolilfui4:*r5uft nr:{onr:sasqueisiod.,:uro#aru6ihieiaun:munvrfiou
docllqan::Hsr6wirnt:fin winraud{ornnr:fi:J:cfin:Tnntdrfiru.'ndr* n{oHfiunrniraro?'u,l
frrrufirmxtvtoluladrur1fr1unr:6onr:fiumirurn: uacd'rurodoxorm::rrnfi rfiiori0lfrrfio
:J:sltrrffi:Jtu,.ou"'ndqo ToElsroolil:vlio:ci.:uacrloo?'nJfrrfiorau rirlfrd{urofroilqrsJ
n::rurn6rfisranrurdoxTvr:rameirrrfiuldfo orufiofiuflrgmdruroffarudulul:opiu d..nJ:vrvrooirr 1
hi'irqculwJ:urvrofirderurufir raiarirf,srfiqrurdNfrlfrnlrlaulo uacn6infiqodNn{r.:mN nr:rc
fir,nftgildarfiahnranusiaenufiuoqjraur4uflvftar* ttXrfr fiuur}irrocyri*,*qr*rofdu
'imvfiuflrgrarnr:fiomfiu (pollution)
tion*h yntun udcntalnlo urnrrndftfiflqmdul
sntJnrdns,tlnaJru drilSr:J:vrvrolvrerfido$J:cauff:rflqrardsnrindrdr,udurfiu
lr*rJ:crnolyluarrnnuiraonldlflu
k
r nriru da (mn:
d.rflrgr,rrdruto#ol
e6ryr::nr 2s3r: 1)
r. flrgrarvrfuiln:fTrrr?nfimounau raiognriraru lduri ftgmid6u flryrarrJrlfr::rgul
urarfu
rir :lrgnrvrfu urn:firfi uavr}gmvrivro'rnrr'',of,on*a
z.
flrpnruafiudiurodaru (ronrrion)lduriHafiuaa.:r$ifileienndn
flryrarnuvryaalou uavduJfi
ruafi:snrarnro unyden
na undryrarar:fiutuarun
r. :1rgr,rrfr.,:nt 16'uri flrgraramrgrn::x flrgururreirfio flrgrnrnr:n:rn: flrgrnrqrurn*uodo
drrafu:ftgrnlafi#turofrar nurr.'',udrerTmummpryrilrxr4T{n:
d..:rflurfio.:raax
sa.uJ:vtvto lfluqudnaxotlro?rgludruoir.:1 r4r}ifinn&rrq?rur6ulq rasnr:ruludrrorda.:
aah.::rerrh finururinrarirn'nisrnr:uavrvroTuTafiq.:
{nuluruuvr6touanr#urrhcnouardilsJrn
Copyright byuavaqjriuoeir.:ua6'or
Mahidol rdosernnrruinr:
University
du fiara}i'rrvrnn:tunprmnlurun:rfiHduoair.r:ror5r
flrnrpJTnnbiffiuwa dsanhfrfiorafi:ca'{u'rofioluir.r 'l CIrxmaeir.rennuu
nitr
rirrfiu arnrorfur
nfiurnfiusowuvfirlnn4tri'rfiuluqumidrurrniuvirn:,.rrymur4'ruo: (drrin.lrunuvnrrunlrdo
uro#ailuyi$grfi zs:z,a)
nnvilafi:sfliNdruro#ollwqcrnpvnururuenhriuondenrr?uuxri.duii,f*1tu:.irh*at
:}graurnfiumta'rn1fl dwrdrrinnunilcn:nJnr:fr'.rurofialuvirrn6 (zszs) ldneirrfisarruqra.r
)u
;
I I ,a
, jgo
-J
-q^.---\,lg--î,l Z^'- ----.-. ilrum
t?fl?:J tol1 ,Ja?\:91t1{01n'lffuu d?ut14qnoalnn't:nilulotilltud{yttl4ulufl'tl4ll:fr]flutnnou
uArTt
6'lum5a.:uusr uav[:.wruqndlun::rJqcileiaufi'rqfiuri:vurnoir.:1 oontJ'l fiorqrnuild{fifiuturu
X a
a
v
. j.1r^
c
Q
nrtr{nqililln4tno4unu0oit ll,tljT:uln1fl u0no'lnuattnoalnnan::rJalun.l5n:J{l? nTrril']?JUy
nnna{nuvatnatous?{ii.sfi
E'
doûr.,nnl-r#rniuil rirlfrornrolrirnelrvdilsbnr:rarulqna{dififfisl
il zszo-zstzTouanrfiq:rq{o
mcalnnrtsn?qnnvHafi:JflNalnrftunflrvr?un4lucn
e uyil ro.l
drfin.:ruorn:.*unrrAornofialuvirm6 (zsr:) uau 2 wi.lta.sn:Hourliayru'ir:Jienru4uncoa..l
s A |
\4.c a
| q.
6
Tj, .N A
uaynM?IlJelN'l tgu m{oruawJouonlqo iluurlwJ{.:flur5oa
jac
ZNA
F
frsilrilo.rornilblrru:nfrfrri]u
1
"Xiout-q
tirurutrnfiu
uacnnaflatfifiofo uonqrnfiL6trrualuavoorhu::urnrotu:yuyurrrillrfiu
i
i---r
ar
a
a
u
q
a
I
d
-Y
'
sJlsnfluqnullilo]nlsftu:J:utyrrllvru
rqdu 1 lJ (o.or
fradnfuoiaqnurflnuJen) luilnrudnrfro:?q
io
qvfiilisJrnrffrsofiauaJauontsd unvaluavaarfiuenongruoqjlflurJ:v'ir unvfr'rqcfiorril'lern
v
A v a
i
o u
u
.
vu,
'
t5o.t5o.tt5au ffmrtdrtinsruonsnrnJnnR.:urodoxuvirmfi^ l6lfuunvcirrfiunr:d{usi
fl n.o. zs:o-
j
j
.l--------.-,o
_-,_^-aA--a 4
'. aA e, a .
--^^
2s33 mu?nutJaflBymo1nrofrfr.:frmnfr{ 26 r5a.r Hafrrynr.:drfrrTo$olr5uudtu?u
e r5a{ dru
y
A
,--A
mfiudrudul
'u
, u o
rv
t
,e u
riunu'jrri.-rfiaqjdou (drrinnr*vn::mr:R.:urodaruuvi.sr6 2533: t8)
a1nnrdnu1fla.:dntfue{urfiarderurrJrsyrrt (zs:r) nu'jrlrgraurnfiwl{a1n1€f1un?.s
lYll^lrJ?1'lurn
fioernnnnrJulntJtnnfiqo unsnloqqdlunr:rJ:a{a{rJ1 rJ:nrru,jrurunruwtunlr
t
d!
A
v
d.
A
I "{
tflilrMllln: ila1u?un{ 1,294 ntuou
mvlrlu[uil
zssg oyil?iru?uu1uy't'n4r.wqtfrs
.
d
v
t.A|t
qo6tlilnTtrJrJnlTn:calugl?oHq{n.t:0uav
.
I
a
e
s2 toitiiltl?ulTir.nu tfra5ouai,
qqdtiln::sJ dtdrrinuTurru$asur{un:;itrymlyrun:lddr:rq1{diafl il.ct.
76
v
,
a6l
zss+
j
?Ja{iladtrfrNmo
2s34
slnnmdr:?a
:vdurfrutturfiacafin mv6a{ro{ no.:dnrriui6'udnmvmo#alflrnm#r,ruur?murfru
rdouffunrol 2s33 uJ:rluu
v
z.cq drun=u
tmna,ir
ldzunm:{qeinvdurfla.:r*6u z+ drTx.r g,rcs z+) drulraqjfiu
zo
Copyright by Mahidol
University
pafiorarnrr flolcir:roduuo.l
tofru:an lrutvrnptnnruuuom.Bnruqqiurffivrur fla*reir:rorJ4riu
uavrttiuulur! tinruturid firdurfiu.rrfiun'jr so rofiruanr{.,r#u ri:r'irriturderdioqlurnrudfi
fi uduqm asianr:1d'Eura$u:ctl
mfi:vfinrirrfirdud fi'ruriuvrauqlnrnouuin #*i*nlu 6sflq m$J:rmuloorfrl:J
y--Y-.-q-.---d-..- -y__.4-.fr-.s_ d_.ff_?,u
qv
t
a
, j I
r
6
oilul11jruu'ld.lu?oaarJa{$'l:lq?nyraH
tnasnilWeEJ unvilenrildrdrgaefuEwiaenuoqi:ao ms alquu
rwinr:ruitrnlrgr,rrdturodaxdranr:tfirvrorluTndvrrrdruiilurord${usirfiu{adrtrdur rluhiorq
|
I
t4vUX A
A e,'^
-.--,.t1
u::qdlrururuld
vi.tf, tflamrmnyufiufrqS$adrgurfuuro#0ru60 olrtrfio rqqnfiuavdr fiuil
d{lfiudrnfi{ur^rq6n::H?ta{qooa durfluararirtfr'a.n4ueirzufirgfiuflrgrard,rurodord.lnrira
do
ailnrtfievdasdurfiariuufrttloueiru si.lrlunr:tfinr:6nururirlonntu,6ooFiourofiamaudr6r
'irrfluaeirtfufigui'irnr:r:Jduuu:Ja$rqfin::maqnna uavdrol lfluidaginhi,irqybtfiodulu
:vavnnrdu&u nrtt?udttatufiu#t udrioil oni{rdrg
rfi o
zuadaft nruluout'u4n
{uuaru uiauru
n'hrt'B udfi rflild{rdurwirriu fiovufrtrnlrgrard.rurodalldaeiNnrr:
n:vn:r.ldnurGnr: ldqruilrinft orrlfi drg uacntil,irrfiulunr:tfinr:dnr*r1u6os
rdarriud.rurodorunirinrisrillaruffiril:snHdn:*r irldrirrar.rono{n,rmuidrfierariud{urofiaxl{fir
q
9ol
fo qrn'irilcu1orj.:ranrutawfinqor:rJ:vnru6nu4nndnrx 2sz1 (aliurJiul$rylodnnr zsrr)
s
uX
8 flO O.tl*
fio z finlxf enralr{rlqfiurfiuqruo{ m:T rnfidruno#or unvnr:uJduuuilar so,rff.:ow
fro s eiilr:orJfiri6orulunr:inurqrnrnaurrima.:sturo.r uavo:aunfr
{o + arm:rfin:r#atttnq uncwuouu?vrrurirlrgrar firnerdmr'nunr uncfl:auni?
Vs
I
d
I
-
16oeinfi naqzua dr ur{nuanru:Jrunr:Tr.fifl Elroreq{
fio a
fienuf oerilrffrlaffiurffuanrn
unvnr:rilduuuilasa$roruturiruuavrprnl
arrnn:JfrrifiqrsJuvtutilufiifluyuvam?nfid m.:rirruravflisrf,uqaooouor,+frr6,rnn{w{rdiuro6'al
A.tvQrr
fl4il?9111.[ffnrJ tuf,;tJtu5ou
(14.F1.2s3s
1
:JtU
rrzuurdsilurd.:uro#at dt rfludaurad.rfl
q..--^.--d _
a
oo
rmulisrur ro:ugfi
o
uavft oruwitrnfi
ffiufi
z
v \4ev N
-._-.T-.-.__.__ a. C -_r._a1a - d
-_,_
- zs:r) luulrofr
I nrirtfuuu':ulaurunnfinuflurir{ofrrfrurriuf,.lurodailnqtu
Copyright
"dsrffiilmcarhor4uuvr:lnsarn:o:rofr qrrnr entTu ftoru6u 1 uardrmurn* l'fi'ftdruirrulu
nr:,:.J?unrilatnr:6nur nr:ar4*rr$ ua:nderurmiwuln:D::rl?n6uavd.:urofraru iemmauav4fi
flrgsgdotfiu' unctuu,lwfi$urnlrdnor*i.:flfiqfufi z (lr.o. zsrs
- zsrr)
nl*drdrUrrouû
drud.rurofioildneirrdsnr:rfionnyruafiu uuro.lurdrxTvr:H enrrufia.rfiuffiurj:ssrnsrTan
uacuu?vn{nr:demr:J:crvro
lduri m:ao6n'mn46rruiln oro*gfio nr:ar45nfdruror#ax nr:
fierufiruroraq{ rnsrilnlulnd nr:rderuraqla r$io1fiffiqdrfinilr{d{u':ofrar rnvfinqfin:ardu
fidnrnurzo.rfrtnldru:rru 6nr{tariuarlu1fil:vrnrutdfierllfrfiu'lfiuenmdr6'rgmsdturofroH
uactfi:Jfimm*1u:vd'ufr'o$u'ldfi deulunr:uritn uan{erurR.: urodar mnfi ao
9
i,
r
i
o
v
a
tu{?\:?v uv t? a'lyr r.r'rl,[tJ] uJoila1?r[1 nr:o onr:16
uun.l:dau
qr
,o
ei
rfi aurifi Rs uro fra
il
(n{xairtrdfu.r:J:vaunr:niffior1 durmnlilurafrnqor:rlxnldnurqnmlnnt 2s21 qrnnr:annyf
qrunrvrrinfiuu losdrrin{lunmeni:rJnnJ:vnrdnpruvi.:fi6 (zsrr)
nu'jrzuaffruqvrfvrr.s
nr:6uu
rnuqruamififi,ir!fludonrcirfiffiq di.:ldurinrrGolflu uriflrgrarrflu fiqrun::ru unc!flunoda{fid
to.:srfifiu qnurrntocin6uuao$'rudfiihilfluiirrolq
a
fi1du::qno{{urJ'rura{nr:6onr:6nl*r
V
VX
9
'
t[rfrtn:tvlun:vurunr:riuunr:douriu
og{aaufnanJ:vau:}grarurfirJnr:nju
trortoauutitfia sirfl
racnndt: firumvfiu{riuuuav{oau
rJ:vaufiu:hgrar
dnrisg.lnl6'finr:roriurer;frnou
ifr
^?fl'lulougtr{r
o:fiu rdarrffi (zszr' r u-rt) loia:"rJzunnr:idelfiurriu:lrgur ua;EJa::nsionr{nd.:
urofrardn:*rlid.:d
1.
flrgramnra.rlrir
riamramg{aou drorlnrlmruflur6o.rd.rulodaru
ufrnqonuav
nr:firilofioqrllzua
2. :lrgurnr:arounaudonr:riuum:dou #sdru:Fmru
unuqilJrlt,.t
3. rlrgrarer;trofin:csmvn:ilrunr:tunr:riuunr:aou
4. rlrgr,rrntilhifi ora{u no{qr:r{dau rir}frfi qn:?ild.r uroframhldurn
zuanr:i{smroir mr6x
A
.
nnr5uunrdau
(zsza,
l)
u
drftHnnr:i{uq:{ffu 6a rhgurnr.lruouu 6i,
A u^ A
nt a
urf,uififl.:urodorufin:*r rft druri?mruuacnnulrlr
I
rfi
d{fiu
v A
v
uu?mNtunruritrflorurvrmd.ofido nr:rhrordanr:r6aunr:doufi tumvax fiu
I
v
,
v
a
,
i
a A,
A
,t,
lln[5uur,[rewiru ty'tfluatnntryloa0{Aunaua.iunnrfln]flTlu?ttoia{sJailf,?urdTrJdTt.tdtJ::Tl
R'rilr
Q
a
r
i
6^
a
i
i
r
a
Qs
^
'
tun'nr:uunTrdoilnoo danTrrTuunmdau $aynqn:ilJsr1{1
ilqcf,?u tilnmt:uun1:douljT?q
\tict
QO8J.fitJlUYt?'1.3
qq
L?
donr:riuulu:cdurjmrldnmqmfi\tdn$i{tuulu:runr:rdsnarhnrudnsruvi.nnfi:vu#
s (nilvrn:sJnr:6nrnuvirrn6 zszs,
'jr
so-s1) tild?u?ra{m:ri{iliu:Jpqnrnrnnr:6nurhfiri'orrfiurufiu
ealfigrJnr:Ferunr:dou Touniunrrfrerurdam*iuunrrdoulugrJuruoirq trfftnm{odrnlt
.a
.f
T
-
v
Qfra
I
t,
v
C
-v
v
-
l?uun.lldautoutavnruuuLlUu[14ty{u{ila unyyrusran?1il9ra{n1Tl|0.lo?uasrlnlTuu duud4unT'qo
j a
a
ea
r
Jq u u X
v;l. ,
laa,v
f d
,v - 4ua,
r a
tl4tJ?1oild4ot5.3tTuu duud4ltH4rJnTtr.ldSll4u,td0d.ttd:3Jnm01u s.t tuilaauul.l 14u.{daoluty'trJtCI3J
drnrinftfido'irriodruqnrnrn
fi
ftfi iSuv ffi8.,na (zszt, t-tt) iormi'ir
aqjmnmulur*dt*irirortofiilnrrJaulq
unco?1rudo{nr1ra{r6n
rarhfiadrrnildnlvrurn
ftmou:rptosiadn
a'rnmrdTixaflo{n::mlJ.tdnurfinn (zszo, :s) nu'iirari.:fiaidr;n6uu#ulxnildnursau
eiruxrnfiqofrdo rarftfianriqu dtfimnfi$ounv e6.4s tuaraiganrinr
ldfinndnrqda o.o. rgsr
nu'jrrari.:fionr5qufimnn'i1 400 rta{ fiuao,inariruluflrlumnndr goo 'o"rruoh #.:r6nrnuunvr6n
rarfuorepan'jr{ a
I
va
r
- t:
fl
mnrrjriauac so Eirwafi{fianr{qufiu:f*r r6n1u#urno 4,s uas
I
eirurari..rflanrSqruJlnfiqo (Dale less: 31e
n#o
(Larric
1e54:
311
6
dl.rlufirrg 6uIaH;
fulufi rrg 6uIaH) tddnuonrlaulo'lunr:ojrurau6norq
auj:vn:e{ flutuor (zsza, az) 6nurr^nrjrr6niuorq:m,j1{ e
- rr fl roueirunr{qu
tJ'lntf,unu
lurlon:iuif nr{qufiunurvrsiaffinil:v,ir{usau6nmndu firfi.rrnsrquilu'jrdrso.r#0r1fi
rJ:vir{unotrfin rdr* rdoairorn:nl oraooou{cqqrJn:nl roiorrfiuuuuu6uuvirrl #rufinrnniSqu
ttt
A
d v
d
_r_- _ _
tv
d
v I a
.F v.g,
e
|
|
u:cnaLjauo?utdtJa q{tuulo?rronnunnquriluqa{qR1,l nl5ququ?tfiqilrilaEjNri1n
v
o
gv
firilrxrtf
:
tunr:Guunr:dou t1'rnct'n{qufi6vrGnnsiom:nj6uuu:Jarqerfinnrrrytag6nld @ittman
1e58
250)
uannfi{fianriquff.:fidnunrcmflJit'r6rrrodnfirnrhfiadulrifi uavuNfifitiarurmecfilfr riu6o
v A.
ol
6
I
6 'l
?
a
' ''
-.--e----ilu{ffanrrq}ffirJTinoallduo{o?rsJ{au rnmdula uasmrJfra.:nmo{r6n1ue,"runr:cirtfiuvrqnn:rn
uavnr:aroqdu nnsirrfiru4o.nrrfiuhaeir,mor?r riawnqvrcirdnernn^rfiudrulraqjriirn:muein*ihu
{eirulridorl#nlndrurrglunr:eirumn raianufiairurari.:fr4'trioria.rfieiilr:nrfrrlq,ti'oi{oold ,tru
nnqgilnr{qu rirlfi{drurufiunr4nnrhonrfiu uavdursiu (r-arric net, ro-gz frnlufirtg 6uTar)
fiuurlil'jrr,rfirfranrSsuqvfinr:rh1:Jtf;undraulurllndurpfi rvnrvnnrcdfiudfiutJfiutnn rarftfia
6e,J
n'nquruururuunu{no{r,rrhfloeirufirfiueina uavlfiufirirftrnsrirnlilaulqtunr:airun#qufiu
fi,*;;..,,*{;lor'ruuuL1ur:druuri.:606u
o-
v
e
Aa t
A u a\lrr
I
1n:rui,rlnnnrvv'?{dnurGnr: ,uro,
1
v
tt
A
fi?1tJdlnrula{n.l:quiltJ9t0tono{il [onanrJlTr{stu a{d?u
,Irr,
to?l
t
6
q A a
,'u
,',n
I j
t
n1:quulqvru1,{fl04nil:uu]vt14u.l?l
nr:qnhmafr,:rarirdaeirur{r1q{ru tfinrnnr{srulunr:cirrfiu6osqvaunn6{oo o?t{dtrlafla.r
r6nldfiuoahrdTourqvnvnr:ninr,rrlofrn"u6n*lr'aruluzvdu:J:vnuan:rrdoluri.*ror,ru.doh*l
nr:6uunr:aaufiilriu::qnorlsr,tmuvrr.:nr:6n:yr rilflcrncu?unr:tiuunr:aouf,.rrJ:vau:lrgut
mounauufitfioairnunynndr:fi ruxrsdsJfu
{6uu {aou
(nrurrrounrtdou.ofraal uvi{srd z szs,
,
i I i-u ,
r d
;,
r:r) nnriuunnaouRrunodaffintnfifiu6nr6ooftfifi:hirmqlorj.nre.nrmr.:nr:dn:*rmir.ni'u(o:fiu
rdunffi,
2s27. lrl1)
flrgrarlafir*rn{olnrdluflo1iu mrnq{ryry{eJil'ruo: lfluflrgrarfirfiu,irutnnnduoudr
zunn::musiaqrunrrrffior uavfi.:urofrol ffi{urfiu'jren:qcfinr:afirdanr:6uunneaurfiordix
et
etq A
o?'lrJ:o?'lur?'l
Qrr tv
d
Q
w r
a
Qv
X
A qsru
,
'
larra{alnler }iurirXn6uulu:ydurj:cnilrlnurbllrndu rfialrfrr{udoanlyl6iouro
firuii,ilfio,*ieruu:Ja.:hJ rfiarJqnfueiriurr uavrqqofifi6lunr:ar4Smidruaodailsi{usirjgru{u
ou
ailu
,
a1nt149rzua9n{1
ur4v
I
v
oavvir,l
a
o-v
. eg
A
X
o{tonallr.nm't ry?qut9tla{rl4uFnlrJf,1nry uauo?l8Jattuu[ut:o.rl,t
A^vYvAg
qtnoaoflTNriu.{fl0:aun:ar d:vnaunrilnr{qu 6as:J:vmr6nd rfio}flra6sJrnrilin?'uJrfrr1q dur
fiuruafiumtamlfl drrafurinfiuu#m*oudnrrflfi q
ou*rurotfi,firrl,rr#rmotrlfir6o
nr{qufiair.sdu louuit'irqvLfluilrvTuillsiann6uunr:aou6o.: llrgurornrorflufir*" lu:vdufiu
ff{nrirrdatj
in+hud{6nanr${u
nr:i{ud
fi{vrq:J:vmrirda
r. ainurftfia{oan:o.nJxna:rRrnntruf$ai rJrvmrfind drnfirinriuuffr*rfvnxdnurflfiq
2. iloao{u'rrJ:c8flGnrv{flocnri..:fionr{qu dnaiulfirafuoare$rfiurfiu "mfir*mnornror
r. dnmorlufi{ilotq mtrinrtaufifi douftfia tudrunn{ogr.lmh nr:{onryrrdomuac
iqs
R'tB'tYrlf,
s)v
ilUufi dalnnilrfl fl nnr${u
r.
rarft6a{aun:a{:Jfinounn rnr{qufi
il:cnaum:riuunrrrf ouerreJ rnilctJiurfi w
or {m:.r
airrdu fi oy:rnrililrcanlunnlfifiuur,ft fioairu
qr4 dlo,"raiahi
z. rJ:cfrfl3nrma.:uti.ldaioun:a$J:cnaunrnnr{quidairdu drutrfrrin6ur.rfienrlf
;N
2'
a
q
11|ilfll4NmuoUtllUittO
r. onrldorfiutamgunninriefi idfisiailrf{6aioun:a.nhnaunrvrnr{qu1ui*o$durffu
X;p_u
rfiam nrurfflfi nr:{onrn unvnrdoq:JuilfimnfioeJrfiurlo
ruq0rynflnnni{u
r.
rinrtuunrilvroaa$eirumi.:fiaiasrna{il:cnounlrnr{qu riosrJ:vmr6ndfincuuu
#ofittd'.lnnmvmdauorrllfofi.,:airu (Post - test)
{.rn'jrnsuuruqduqrnn'nrodauenuf riouniu
(Pre - test) oeir.lfiriudrdrgvrr.rafi
2.
fifi:cdu
o.os
rin6ErufiLflun{ruvronar @xperimental Group) fiervuuurqdu
filoir.nnrrnraru
uvt-rAgflrd
orugvfueiru q.ln'ilncttuwadu alnnrryrodorenrruf,luda*rarrdurfiura.m{r.rrnuqar (Control
Group) aeir.rfiriudrei'rgvruafi fffi:vdu
3.
o.os
rnri.rfia$oun:a{il:cnaunrnrJ:yrfiuTou{'vr:sqrujdfi qnurrr^roglurnrudd
ioil$en8{n||idu
rarftfiaioun:a{il:snaunrunrfuu idnfrodu fidnunrvfiunr{qu:J:vnaur6or (comic-
book) dafinrvrfiunortrdorardardal frilfiufrf,.:usisiuquou do,iLrcl#r.'nrurdoutJasud.:tfitJ
c A tr4v,
X .l u
Ar, i
a j ,
I
w
^
uur:a{u:unailnlilnTiqut:a{u loil:ctJ?atuo!41[ul4anqslTn?1o?ur:a{rJa?|1vnNaln1Fl[uluolj{ll
Z-
rAa,Av.rAv,vtvv
l
il:vnMln:nilfr
radnqornJ:ww6ln:n
r.flndnfl{
2s21
(ari:rilfirrJp 2s33) tvilriu
vtr"
nonn8ittljaitnu
1.
n{Hdroair.rftltlunmuril:vf,ninr{$0.r141i{Aa 16'dnutilarana{ufi.{Aonrrnfqil
hJ$u6ird:J alnilriru:naufi.rurir4ofrru ay{rilr'rlyn,tfirnrntolriloi r1^mcd{d6uualnRrv{u:n1
ov rfl udugruerlrufenrru rfrrlorir 6'unrn
si
alil
2. n{d'laeirt4nouejruufirfionrnnr$quoeiN,frflq
3.
uoyqau$uucounra.radr.rqi.:ta
a{nfittdqrnnrriloraar rdouraraft.rqvrdvrr{nn6uu?ra{n{Hdrodr.r fii'ufi a'jtfi
ua,ra
ornnrmiruuritfi a ii ffi {uafr rdu
drdrrTocnrllnnrfids
v
a
a
,urhfronriqil (Cartoon Book)
a
usJlufi
it
-lfinrr?to61u
v a Aqa'
rnrft fraff
rdr,mn-air :cur ufi
:J:vnauodrsd?u{1tJ rfiouao.:r6o.nnmco1ftJffiuua{d?ayn:rrsinynrilfirhu::u1u:J:vnouFu..l
qrtJtird:Jtia{nr#.lrwifiuququ Trodrr.nl*afrdurire.narnuilr6uun6irJoinrdfu.r:Jxaunr:niffisl
fu:.t*nrufrnurflfi q rnrhufd 3 "ilofinvrlrolnr; tunr:a{rrfiur4otfit'u1,faunil1nr?ro$nwo.: rfio
lffionlxcr4nauru
rhehu
uf,rf,arhnrhnou (Supplementary Reading Books) uxru6,: rnritflodn:wr:r.l
6nr*t6nr: rirrauotfrlfirflurari.rfiorjrnounr:riuunr:nouluT:r6uuld'
rari.rfioratn:Jtcailnnn[ fidar6undnarir.:nd.rir
{cradtur,rritfrarhcmyl
$
rarXrfioeirurfiufu
mf;srruorma
v \lltt
-9t-
I
ra6afir6un&u
a, -
1'jrornrodu ulrufis
't'l 6
d
nrrsfiarnrofiRlurJnn:Jaaa.rdr
j
\
-
a
-4
-tljUflTilJnr{:}
OUIOUn nlqOlTUOl4tJAUAnt{O tlUnvoo.t nnU O?U
dTiN:9
r rQ
.f
Uiluluolnlfl
_-:,- .(a
cZ
a
fl
o
1450R1{y{19
j
0U
Fl
o'
A - a.
,3,6ltra
v
rao
"
q{d'mturl4alunoh4Lf,oduqfluqiamsl
[ounTtrnsYnfl0.]tJ4ltgyrwn{sffiunw1N00sJ
v
.
4
a
r 9ya
e
a
o
d
,Qyj
I
Yl?l1ufl}l qpRl?,1fl0{UntTUU l4tono[Utf]O€n]tJtO0O:AUflnrU UAVNzuAliltl4rftUrOaOmoU 1
9--..^.4,.--U-A.---aaJt.et&AAawvi.uvva
snunFuuYl.lilnon{9n3$:1rrJin0 flT0yrN%rggdTN?JUr6fotJdn11la{ ftNn?TJdrJfiUfiIugl?ilnrsUu
Uy
YlitYtl.tsffiuaynNaarJ
tt
fi umu6.: €nltJdlr{nnilNd6flrurg1no.:rinriuulunr:riuuf loerioornuluyrodou
u{'rr:
fl
a{riafrrJqilfi mrrnr:riuurSouafi rymr.:olnlFf
arnflnslilfilr.lnnttuu iltJlufi{ ncrilufildhlnnr:qailuuuyrorfou fildornnr:eiru
r,rrirfiaailrrj:;rra#cfudu
tt
iourrms (verse) iltJrrlfi{ nrfl uvito?lffi errirfi,:iififlnyilrnalnouildorquluffi
udo.:aanfrusiauriridfiftrarc fif,xrio fi:cfiuuuuilu,.ru d.:fi s
sl
il:cnfl lduri Inar duvi nmei
naau uauitet rfluCr:tu{u#1fi6ailvuvi.:nr:6ontf,fraurirduly,uncdrur6}u{frxria
Bavn?'uJ
ralrutfi{uta{dru {fi.,: iaun:0.:fidlurtidtlltf,guirrufioomrnl fioorufroeirir.: snilfiaurir
m{rhn{*6
drrafrriaun:a$qvt{rduuufirfiomoaard qvlflurir:J:nffu6il:ymnnrneiurfiunv
naauqnT^r
tM?titmla.nr&fl0 ulrafir naarnnrilruffiuqunmrasrafirfio m.r{vr:rqruld
ruaf;lqvrdrnrnnt6uu Bavn?rlJfiin rolqqa{finr6uufifisioilfi.rda1u6'runr:{o-:rjrjx nr:{onrn rdornr
uurolrlfilfi
r&r6uu
uilrufi{
rinriuu#uilrcna.rdn:*rflfi
f,sfroq.rrvrnil?nunr (rfluks6uulun4ruidffi{uaauo
e
na,,rn{ruINr6uufi
qjl
I?.tfttilIJfinndnlrril:rion1trilil?nilrn umufir amudnurfi np
donr:fin:g'r
r drrinnunoromLj
wn
rxuruer:firfi orou
r0
rhsLnnidnrwireslffir
1.
dnafr rrin
149 ua 9
c
a
c
|
Qrrr
r
^
tol4U.r6tOT0UnTA.:U:Un0URlWn1TqU tf,olUU:ynAUUytr:UU rT0{Nnil:97t1{A1n1Fl
fiuufu:Jxn
H
fi nurfl
fi l
2. druudtrflrgrarnr?lou6nulrrirdodru:J:rroubrefl6u?fiud.:uro6ordntnld
3.
fiuuurvrNtunr:eixrarhfioeirurJrnaunnriuulrusoodul,rnvtu:vdu'fru6u1
4.
rflunr:auo.ruluuruflrifi nr:{wurm:al6qda ?la{n:yyrrrtdnur6nn
s.
rflurJ:vlumifurflaulodu 1 fiovrirbtfilurarhutru uavnarprdsiob]ftrar.iru.nu6u
6.
lfiuntdttffirni:tfinrurlvruil:vnvrSoun:a$finrulnrnydrufiiffatfrnrmydlfiu
oiob
ji
v
nnu??r4.3
{uno.:r6n Touaaoun:nrdourimd.rurorfroru rfiorirudtlcir+qqofi mcolr.rq:vyfin1uflruilTJnfiumr.rarnro
)
u?m 2
Enffiflns,snrituddrnfros
m:i6urta.0nnniltunuaoaa,.:tfirnri..:fiaairuiaun:o.rrJ:maunrnnr{qu
r$iaffil.renrrufdruflrgurarnrorflufiu drrafinin6uu#u:Jxne.rdn:crflfi o
randrruayinuiiufi
't
.
rfi
urfra.,r
To u
uil 0 rdom fi uri'rfrosir.r
il
6or :J:vrnrdnd
ffituLfidn:nduer{r
1 d.:d
rnarii d o.{alfiudr urodaldnr*r
2.rnarint,fi
u.fr osi'unndodsurodordnumvoTuilEnrudnl*r
3. rna#,fi
u.frasiunncirsrarft fi aeirr.ujxn ou
4.
m:dn:nrfi urriuruafisyncoml€t
s. :ruqunr:i{uiirfiarfiao
t. rn*nddurf,osffi rturofiallinm
ornnrrnrno.r*rurnfriiilrnn
t4yav r a A
e
a
ldfi{ndtlfllfitutoaotJolnu
(Environment Education;
tuonrrnrlruoirc
1iu
rd
au$il:J (strpp 1e8r: 1) ldtl'evnmamuqord.:uro6'olfinsd{.ir "d..:urodaru6nur ulu
n orun#finorjcnmu dqufi$milrnnnmra.:Tan lfifienrrrqnnarinlui*ad.rurcfialfiiililouac
-q-.---4.4 -yilrgrarfirfiurffat
A q
--4-q
q
a
"--q-va e
,ava
u e
:rpft}lftenrxf
rqon6 u:{$ra nrilAuquauanudtunmdfi:ifinur*nryrroon
v
)4 -
l
u5a rilun { 'H rfi ail a.rriuuov uri'lnrlrgur8
l
ur o fro r "
nnrJ:vqrcrnarfiurrTuradnqor:druro6'aru1uhrr6uudr{olou
Union for conversation of Nature and Natural Resoures)
la q fi 6u
(ntemationar
nldtflolmnruluoaodouarfioild,jr
6it
urofroru6nmtflumrunufiornirlfr'rfiuqruoiruandqruruur6otfr'fio,rudu rfiofiqnfisrurfin:gsmc
rfouo 6fi
'h
lfi
dnrn ur o do
udrufii or u rfrrlq
rlrl
o.tisrut:rm
o.:
ua
v
nlruqu#r
m4utl dun
o 6'a
rfi
ur firl srerr ffi.rrdu#rrYuua
mrr
rd a
y
fiu? ar
iluud
qao
ubtun r:rJfi :ifi rfi ur fiu n r:do Rulq
rra
o
u
eder 1st7t
rimuonq6n::Nfla{outottuu.izuarJ:vTelrffatfienfroduqnmrvlfuurofrot(Schmi
2s)
t2
dn?u (Swan ,r,oe:
26-2s) 161fier:rxramu?o{d.:uxodaudnnrH'ir fium:dnorfi{t
jqr,
?.
A a
|
&
t e
'
|qr- a-i-.- - ...?-et^.^-^y-^t u
fir*fiolfnrafia$onr{einrfuurodailuncftnnr*rfrr1noarftraaru1#irxfia}rnr:uriflrgvnftnei"ndnu
usiaihi?h1fiila6orfiurinfiErsl"Dr:ilfifi uviaroo:niffiniruTrJ:un:e.rd..:urofialdnur
lflu{fieu
tqlurrrrr?n61d
I
r,
\ctu
'
dmq$unile{ urodol.r ld{o:J:vqu
j
rfi
Rcaroru il.fl.2s13 (Council on Environment
j
a- v
,,
.'
M np?ofi{6u
airrurqunrnRsuiofrar
Quatity
1s7ot 221-z2z)
A a
rfr
qr6au
nrirtjrdturo#otfinut
6a rurunrmrmr:dnurfidru1fr'{6uuldrfir1ofis:nrmmi'Nnura{nr:Nm61u4ndruuaffsorrru
q v €
a. i,6l
| r ia, I ,
a
dlr{uma.:usincd?ufrsJstonuunvd?uou dl fiunr:finurfirjrluraarar "l d1flfiflilior 1 riu bitri
nr:6nmfi{traruu?vuufinoriivrurrvhtiu rfoiilrfirtn'ur4udrfiunlxdr6'rgnar3.rr?o#onld;{nnn
dt4noah.::audrm4r*d uncfinruuuuurvnvju4uciemfiunurm
nmrJ:vqrmrosr{nr:dnsrunvfu rnodaxluou6nr
uavnq6n::r.rsiod{uaofroruadrsl:
tufl n.o. zs r c'tdlfrntmamnWjr
i..aAuvaq
d.ur?oaorJonulrnu?da{riurnofinnr:aauludrunr:fiqr:ilrnrueiruncnruarm:nlunr:dolfr
(Schmieder is77t 2s)
ruoSurSo @emard 1e82:
H'ir
drrn
o doru
dnur
rfi
un:fl runr:rff$ur:J:vmn:turia.r
vA
r
I drt1uar6fi ftnrfiuf) ldti'rlrtrrioc,lMi,rurofroldnur
e
-Aaao
-l
. nlruffi urfrirfu
fiffi stf,ufu urodarunNnlunr{uaff N#.:nru{srur::rN
2. o?lsJenn4rinfiolrgr,tr
rft
I
oudr.nnruu'lvrrrufiflrgrar
l. niiontlo1frftnr:air.n^rqfintrufifi.,firroilsiadsurofrosJ
rnr*H
l{'ir
duq:nhlfrffiorfiqnrnrvrfid
dun{ufir uanJ:cn{uf Tnualq:rri (zszs' z) loT}i'nlruuru',ooro6iou."doe.rfinur
"Fiturodolfinur" 6a trmunntfr'nlxfaeir.rftruuunuuiluur.rulunrnffsrurfinuv rqqofi
unnJ:sdum:rfi drurirti'rfiofi?lsJdofluuoo drm:nfiofiu ritflu ufiflrgrarrflu orurdlrffr,rf
|
6v
.l
I
A tvA
v Aa
?YI4?NIJ141JU
?glUfi'::tJ UnCd.lU?OAOrJ tT{On{
[?q,3q0An1y'1910.1d{u?Od0rJYl0
t3
iriu i:ieruruurl
o I
imfu
v
ur o do
't
i ror:l#fi
.:
zu
r"
1zs:a,
A au
fr.:fi riJrr,rm udr rirg
o
r) ncirtfi "drurodoldnu ururufir n:surunr:r6uum:6{ou
rj z rJrrrr:60
. tfr ol ruf onr il rfirlq fi ur fru fiudr ur odaru mnhuurvn..rdr ur ofr'on :r alfit-i,{nnr:
nnt*'udtdfi
2.
.,0mfl rgrar
tfr'fi nr:r:Jd
d.:
ur o do
uuuilauqfin::ru
ru
dulfl uzuarurornnndo8ulq dr
uqun{ rfiorJ:clurflu
nr:air:sfrr:g,tanrr yur ofian
'
nuirrnm
At
4
nrvyrr?.rdnrflinm (zsrr:
t,
aA
r) nairtjr
drutodarudnt lfidld.udourodon
v
qaooet,ruu?vrruJfirififinasJludillu
-v
^
tflunfiurunr:firjmfr.rnnrlf
enrrudrfinuavnlrufirftorou
t
r6a$iruro6ol tfrriursnrnruauj:vsltu rfialfr'rfionr:intn nr:rd?e.refr,.: uacna;rbflfiath.l
flrysnm
unvfi.rn
r{'ruoir rfialtfi'drurofro#fiqruoirnaeirriu ldfunr:1fiJ:vTerrdoeiNeiodlo.rryqortwJoXriu
:*r:nfin enmdrufrrnnlfirJ:vlerrniro.:qnraarusiautuouroel
atnulnrnrJ6od.:ncitrfir.rflru araaq:Io?jr dr urodoardnu um ufi..: rn$Jrun#4s
fiqurou riialfrfienr$,nllrfile aulo
uacannafinlur+o{drurorfraru1ffint#vrfuarrnn:an:n6
adr.:fi:JxRvrinm tfrfironnfi oirfierrr uacolilirfioroudufiulunr:or4frr#.:urodol tfrnrlr:n
doRulqdruqu!0.rtuni:ufi:lkgr,rrdrurodaru :r#r1fr'arm:nr;renrffitdnrhtfiluffiqdru
a1nrn'rrJl4rnumrd.ruro6'andnuriiaplftir rflunntfinndn:*rtd4flrff4'6eruldilrn,)ril
y..-...?----.ilti
A- e'A
e
1v
Aaa I
d U,A
v
-- -- d
.t{nld.,ru?oaarJaH
'cl
tudnlnfr6fleioilqcfram trJfrsqunin
;uauuln?1il4 tU?{$u1qrmlv{d'lu?oAaN
j | |
j , uA
a.., la I
e .r
*-Aa-.---.-.-..q". 4- -,
t?elvloflo{3J14:euo?u fiqilnm{asryreirl:vnouoru
ilorfin [o5o{{{vieJ uavfroqjordufrruMsdsJ
fiqtnrnaurfud ffiqfiFnrruiun.:ilaoofiu qaooquoll:Jnaorfiuluflirrudf,u fienrrucyornduru
tunr:sir:{ffiqr tdfirnr:dnertdd er:aunirfienrruqr fi.nuriruavfi:ruldrfiuiiuoto oqjtunnrvr
rnod'oxfidavoro 6otiulusuuo::urflu:.njmrrd rnc{sruor:'rJii6 finr:r;:rfiooraur fidar::r
uacaeurrrru:Jx,irlq
dtrfuFh ur o6o r 6n ur 6do.:fi rndn nnun vq r*finunsdsii
t4
ufrnnrrunufrnsos iosdr urofialiirnn
1. rflunndnur,timr
vA j
,
nrindo drurodouflunl*ilfludrilfirnnsintffiq nrriuu
a a
a
A*
tljunlTfl nul t?'t af,? sl
?tTa.J 6l{ u? o a orJa{
2.
at
d
4
Qrr
aA
e
i,
. a
ct lva
a
e
a
UilnTtfln:r1oaaofiA nTrtl4o?1rqr:0{6t{u?oaarJ alnjuqa{ turJnTrnuu?qaoofl1
d
a
vA
v
fr
a
3. UUnl:tTrJUSYrAH:?ilnUfl0,rrJTUUtr19t
v
I
f
gl{Uqqnoa n:AUffT? pJf,U ljwrytfl UnV hn
t
a
4
6u
v
o
4. tflunr:tiautuqnmnfiflagiuuavauroo
nr:riuur6a.r8.:u'lodall
mun,lTnruaauuoilaytJ
fl-6gtvvdY'a
I
5.
fra.:fioqrx
ilarnvfl u [iln{auloql
ar-t)oiyAjgaoArrvv^
luunmflfl{a:uDTTSJ d.trr?oa03Jflnu1e{{dfl{a:uoTt8J o?l&tdlun fnl8J:anrur{oflou
donrrn:tnirfl oirelt,rto.t fi fi ruan:wrusiodrxmil
6.
u1unm6uu1rufu:vuu rfio{arnd.:urorfrortvir.:1 ovoqjirlfir.;lflu:ruuunyftorru
A
nQrra
o j I
4 T a
n u? lu,Jn.3TvlJUAU 1 yt1 tl4tJo?lrJFt O r{otJ [U.3 trUllryuu
6XaX
7. rflunrq:rurnrrfrailnrfiuu
xrqrnftufluafleili 1 fin1uafl rdu iiluroraq{
tcrt*$fio ff.:oil dsxur::tJ uacrhfiuil rfrrdruriu loufienre.lf o?1sJrfi1a6a.ifir?oiilutfiuftugru
B. rflunr:riuuff {riuuovdarft deudrl.rlurvrriuu rfi arirnllifittdbifluffi
sn3{duov
dlraa^d.aav
tJzua
LrJn{n]T[aan?nn'nol:{g?sto?usMair
e.
fiunr:6uufirjwfi.rer:ra.rq:uilfin riounfi unyeirfiu lfiurfi'ud.:uro6ollrnn'irfi
tv
as4{FnTq n?lrJa'l
1
0. tfl un:vurunmt6ururul
u{fl rgrar Io arft no{c,r m am.:nr:6uv,6orhenrruftrl ufitr
A-._e---.4.
q
q v Au a v
6
-.f_.--_d_..--y_
p{{ruoHAtud{nililanilu
uruilldiilr?oao8Jiln1a{
QrIu hvTemuuyl zsrz: ao-92)
alnudnnr:?a.rdturoffalldn:vrd.rnrirr6rldftnr:rhiluouTuuuuavrJ'lqrnr:Lfiodua{
v
v rI,3
ilnnn]:o.t9to[1J1.[
I
ulrnnufuurofraldnyt
r
' j
I
-
|
uilru.nufrffifiJfiotourta.rnr:druuofiovrNuns%Tu:itufuurodaa.rdnu tdrri n:y?m.r
dnrErGnr: 6j.rfrrarirfilunntfrnr:6nrnurirj:vsrma1uil:vrvro
fiatfrernrudrunadaml,odlutiuqln usAID
vierurd.:uro6'andnurdu
otrlu n:syn?{dnr*rfinn loanrhru
(unired sates Asency for Inremarionat Developmenr) 6.1'[d{orr4runru
Copyright
il.Fr.2s32 loudruuon:ouuu?yr1{nr:r{flurd.rurodail
nftrirqolufl
t5
4\evx,^df
flnurlidril (nrr$finu owrnr:qrudln zslq, zz-zt)
r.
rfiatfrfiolHf nru6o
tri{odrurodaardnururirurrtuuau:J:cmtu
nnrudrfin
nlilSrfioqou unvuurnrrilfirififinalrvartufiod.rurodoru rftatfrrirorrrufl:flfiot.hr{1ruflalo
uav{Heir
rfi
odsurodoruldlfiaeirr{'Heh uacfi oil:uTumlryqo#ooror*rounvqnunruluaurnvr
z. {onr:6n:nlfrsrrruuny:J:cfisu 'td6uufanrndru':odardug'r#d*'rArg uavcnrr
u
s
d
y
;.
Aa
I
d4
,'.
da
c-A
&.ndufratqnmrnRrurodar fifioioqnurT{ffisr niunr:frfiqdrfrnuannfi*rlrirnfirfiosortunn
rr T
v
v,Y,3
- cA
oltTnud.trt?otaatJ [oun.l?aon'no{910 tlju
2.1 fr$ur1fifiilfrnqvr:nr:6auni:da#ruro6'ardnur4n:vdu
t
3q
I a
fii luunn*on lxrSuu :rilfi$J:cnm#T"'l:J
4n:J:vurnnr:6nm
2.2 r{oruqdun nranunr:rtuunndau uavnr:dofiqntafluGroeiourofratdn:n
,i*
fi unr:fi :J:vnunr:rrlqrilfiiu,f
z.: {ofi uandemdanr:r6uunrrar#so',rdaldn:*r tfrfiqrunrn uavfirJxfrvrGnn^r
naondor r{unfiu r[uoianaqnr:ni
2.4 frerurqoarr#rfiurfia.:fiu6irurodardnur
drudulunnair rfimrshudr
1fr'qn$nfinlwJr,nnvrrarirfi uavnr:fi
ur o fro H
3. dtrffimriunr4ulfifinr:i{udn:*r
eiuerir nn{o::urfroqa fraaruvronr:'iremdnr:
fiooruf,rgrar nnafr.:uan{eruruoarmdrudru':o#0ru6n:n d*hufirriuoi'''rfiunnoiru6irurodoei
#ot*J*,n o
ua
4.
vriuururrlru
ryr
el
dsra?ruti'finr:{ofiqn:TrJnr:or4frrri6isurodol
#tludrura{rririyn?{6nurfinr:unc
tiv
ilu?u inuou?ta{T tlnuulnnntu
s.
{olfifi uzuu:JfirT6uu6'rud.ruro6omom*nryrrfinurfinn fifo,reunm: fo*or#u
ttnr#uvul? fi nnfiosia:J:vdrutrufiurarir u.:ru6u1 rariguavnnmr
rH u
und zuasiul
z on*nfi
rfi
atnrwlr?rii
cir
uacfi
n,t:fioqtrxil:vfi
uzua
rfiubj
uaf;o.rfiirnn{od.rurofro#ilrwwdur}nmitnyr
udn6mturofia#irnn
A
4
uie
c a
.]r
--y
frsurodarudnurl6'qnruo.:tfiufirerlerdrdryornfr'r[nn
ua;rflufit.raariurorotrinr:
ffarhnnfifi drrafid:urvrct'lnuldfrnr:fiffdrusra{6i{urofiorfin:n xr{or{qrur'lituufrncqrnr:
l6
v
4
A
"u
t,
A
A
A
a
finur4n:vdunnfim*rd.:usirJ:vnil6nurfi{qoil6nm
ttiy
I
v
Z
v
v
v
dnafurafinqor::vdurJ:vnru6nu y;morYrmf,
\stv!,
ou
a
v
lfrrtrafrnnr: 1o4tusJtu uacruaulm.,naan{cr:1{ftfi 6riu 6:c{wuruuvi zs3z
2s21
zo-22)
ufrnrm (Basic Principles)
1. fiunr:finurrfiarj,Nsu
ffi
z.
uurir:hdu nmrflfildarn nr:GuuhJtfilunncir rfiuffi ql
3. {miNronnrilflo.:fi6 lourj$mr:tfivrfirurrn
unvdrurodail loutri'usiad'a.rfiu
uXoiD
ao ruol4'l?tldituxoaorJfi nlJ] tfirl4rJlydllriUdnrno,:rilsio.:m:
p{vr,rmen*itl
1.
rfiolfrrfiurJxTErf,fd?Nffulunr:lfi nr:ar4frrr$d.:uror#ol
2. rfio}mnaoaqmnrrpnr dofiulq
3.
-4-q-r-4_--,yv
a.lffi ortruffi
rfr
iu u
wnr:lffvr$rurn:
s. rfiolfifinrrrufrfiurriudruro#ail
od^"-o
nTto']:{fl?st
yt.Jyt't.t9lT{
6.
rft
oio:lrgrard*nodoaoeirdruqa,ra
rft
, o X A
orduolryrardurfi
ofi
ev
urfio{alnnr lfril5nurn:
uavmflrJduuurla.:firfiodu ffuqyfir{nn:vyrlrrJld
ttayn.litoail
alfr'arxrtncin :ffi qfi csJnarJndtreiadnlylu?odaililNo:arJfi A
7. rfiolfifcnrx&.rr{ufrnn'jr{drffiqfrudrurodor
nr:tfivrfirsrn:unv6i.:u'lodaru
yninrnuromv
nnriuudrurodardnurnr:fi norjsralrerr?.:rrrq6rmru 6a
1. trflare.n:noiurufitflo6'urfiat6'umrm:amfifirirtri'eru fis 6ima{l6'
2. 1frarlr:noGursfi.:orufrHfruf :yu'iro.rgirj:ynourarfitueo6'ox
firir1fr'6igno6'ar
rfioolxarqald
3.
tfrarm:na6rLruntlfir.ndu raqfriurn:a::rumfi uncdrurodaar donra{mffisl
ra.rm4ue11d
4. tfrarlr:ndrrufiofiuqonadu
lunr:uritt:lrgurraSorJfurJ:;qrunrvrdrurodorToufiud
?T
s.
lfr'ara.n:n16onuurmNcirxffioriirfluqnr:J:vltlfiisionr::JfirrJq.:cnrnrno6'aru'[d
t7
riiorarimd.:urofrordnmfirirnuolfrriuuArraiuffurnvnffin:yr# r-zluurirunr:fiuu6ar
qr,,o.,a a Q j
I
v
,tt,3
"d.3y10H:ougr?tTl" nluuo t144t:uru:uu[ut:a{$a
tilil
,.d, j
a
i
A",)
,
| ua
1. TL:{L:UU
t0 ilq{ il5U?erqnnaeNl
uan4ulfl
o
a
a1u?l{drJ1f,n
&
unvqrmlflmq onT]
drdrgnr:{od.:u?o#arJunuameiu:vrfi su{orft piuro.:TN6uu
2.
!l
qrum :J:vi6 $nvdnrufi dldrg qeroradrd'rg enrrtdrdrg:nadrqooa nnosJutosJfro
dr: nr:d:vnailalfiv{ ertnfrinfruf:vu'irrdnrnurofiol
uacnlflJffinoila1fifl nr:tfiutnr:
uAv-t
i'uqmuqrnfi.tu?ofras{ nffil*ronraJdcolo onlild?uinrJ uaynnfrnitn?terdrJqayntfirurodaru
3.
d.runofroruvn{nluRl?{ tfiriuurfiarriufia.:njdanTnn o'r{oifiqei on:6uvr{ o?.:on
rnvfiFt
#urJxnlldn:*rflfi :-q ldrimuolfr'fi nr:6uuirnd.rurofrorulituufinqm:nn6uuria.r
t,€bf"rji"ra
u5udun'nn s?91 LoutJt:o.Jilayt:uuoa
1.
{,erflu
AA'-I
flo
niu nrnj:vnoilorfiir
r-Fnr:prn*'niu
2.
q
fift ri#6dnreruc4ftJrvryro?a.:{.:rainfifinr6uuo{ orrrufiuaqluqmn*
fluld
uilei{fl5ilslrn: :J:cnrffiardsraiouavrSuur6o{uonaidrt *tf'.ridltf
rirriu flraqj#ru sir:?q r{1ilfirfi't:Jn*rfiei rar
dtnrofrollvn{tn1uRlv{ dnunrv dru:Jrnau
rfio qruaurifi uayrJ:vlum[ro$u
uuritfir uovig{n5s6"h tr*Iu*inrrtfiuacnoil*fi1 ilarduqrnfilnh
uauAffi1rfirh6{uo1o o?.rrr
drdrgm.:ornro nnfrrprqnrnlilsa{a1nro nruJdelutt:Ja{ uovnrdoqrura4fi
a
drrafufurJtcnldn:rflfi s-o rad'nqvr::J:vnrdnur
!
X
i
r, q
-i
^
tfrornfiurriufl.rurodoalluvirirunr:riuunr:douria.:
I I
zszr 'tdrirrauo'lilu
v
"dtiia{:oudrr:r" dsd
1. nr:airrfiuffiolaftol finunr:tasqrsilfiar
flu
rXvroeTnnr
unvEsJf,u{uuyt u?lulylflowHrfindogH
nr:rfiolurElrnr ror*gfiouavorfinluqrru nr:firufi uuacnr:fierurarfiy,l
2. dturofionmltn'laRT,r
nuqr tfio
fi'n:*nrv
frnuru: dru:Jrnor
il:vnn uav:JxTumi
msfiusianr:
rJtlamisatfiu vmer uavuimq orudrrirgrauirWnrniqrinur
ilaff;tn4u
tamr:rhatudr u.:.u. :hcmrurvi.,rrr6 ur,tci{rlruacnleldrdrgdonrsir:{fi?q alt"qfir4ltri'fi,
uinnrqnrirarelrnce$rd'n.?.u. qflulrurvi.lrnfi uau 1r.:.rr. nnd$uuncdhcnadvr{rJr
CopyrightI by
Mahidol
University
i (a:iurJfu
zs::) fitorr
4mtffnnr
drufuturadnqm::J:vnldnu 4vrodnn
2s't
:J:..r
l8
;-
X
v
a.
tilAil1yt1.ld.: tl?OdOtJ fl n:91
Q
T
a-
t
I a
- Qr,q
tO UqO LU tilUl4t l? OU
d.i
4
nO
,e
Qrra
,
X
rlr?yoljifiyt]rJ€tnu1ltyt 1 -2 t14r:uilgr!u14u?utu0?11
urirufi r d.riififfisr riuufrfiurriudrr:r fit frq{ n?rilfiilfrufrrnn'ir':erufiq{ ua#r
9,
uvA
Tanfirfl
lur
v la
3J
tv1
u t
ournBil{rrnvdsr?
r
j
,
i
de q o
A
rzQ a
v
a
u
rr
A
rauraff z ffiq Luutu rfrat{r Lafr.rnr:o{irruriu nnfitnrotolafiu
14U?UY|
X
q
.l
3
ji
I
A I
v
:
a
^
d.3Yr0H:0u$t?tT',l t:Uut:o.rLT.]LTUU EtJflU d{tn?OnAilfl1.lfftT}.lf1q
t
c-
A
v
ad
v I
v
uv
a
Qu-
,)
mttuu
^ tudlu?0{r,rl+r*un:Jd.rrrlon0ilyr1{n'T:rJ{'tqNn?1ilf,3J?ruD [14ilnt:ul.qann]:
ruaulrvrtJrsrtJ
njd uu*tjatyir.rD:?rJfi
ff A{
ur
o*ar
q-tao,)durrqr;
tu:souurvnrufinurflfi
v
6o 6o.lrlo.:fir frsd
:-c fifidnaq:firfiurfro.rfiifuurodax
ll
qLa
u
a
^
$?oa0tJYl1{fiTtil{1st
t1lunlTnoa0{udo.lh4ruuaT{
961
v
v
€
a
v
I
r1r1[ao?TJd3J1truDfl0.31{1d 6i9t?
o
fi.:
9o
ou u1 0'1n1fl
ndttru uavfi:rnfidrr 1 fifizunvia*urodalloudnurrfiHr6rue.nndun'jr1u:ydurJ:vnrufinvrflfi r2
a
lvv
tv
a
6
X
LUUnt:EJU?Qnn.l:?
tOfl n4illrl4qlr{n8Jlnfl U
qlt
9-taaivg,yv,aaAaXTai
tu:uoLjLjTUnrJolnBluYt
a
i
v
v
o
u clA
5-6 u{ [f,:U9tulj:ynilfln]J11jyr 1-4 tlju?11.t5:tulou]rtuou'lnlT
I
u
I
t
tTuufiurflu drtn frr fioli R.:fi0{:oudrrn fuurofrollyn{d.:osr fi.:nroframNfl'r:sJm6 ndwru
uavdntnfi ud.r u:{nosiusir{ 1 {n:?rn rayltnlof lou{ffi6uui6'nni:frinq
-l--^-----v-.-----
nu?nuYniluln:
;t.a
fitoir.:
i
--lt--
- a I
d.ltt?on03.rYr1.rI:TsJfr'rsrsr1.1
1 (n:wt:r.:finutfrnr
a
.(
.
a I
r
:?ur?rJfraryn
q
"l T3njljundu ulrnauilflu5rtfluurruqzun Lilnl:no
2534: 2t-51)
t9
IdAA.dA
14U?UY|
t
1
i
r.laa&
?11{?UYl
6{.ttJt?Sl
daq
v
r
l4u?Uvt 2 fl?grtuilll.l
' i
1414?Uyr
3
Ii
, i
-
,
e
;.J
14U?UYr
5 ?'l? tl4$nTiil
I
uav{r.rdrdru
4
i
l4u?Uvr 2
2 f,?grntil'll,l
n
rarirafi s fltfiorilu:aildxrrl
t
riaV
tU:oUSl?rTl
,iaV
l4u?Uvr 4 ?nqtilu
,it6
14%?Uyt
.aaQ
14U?UYI
A
6NYr0H
i
rAadda
l4u?Uvt 1 6{ittJmgl
1 d{rJmgr
t',rSrLYrU
daq
2,
f,?qtlnnU
v
' i 3 6tIi :ytouo[uTousl?tTl
1411?Uyt
qt
,JaV
l4U?Uvt 4 fl'.lgtLvtu
!
tioa
l4u?Uyr 5 nTtYtlrJT/r]nu
fiu?uYt 5 n'nTl8J1l4tnu
,iv
uu?rm 6 lIa{inuunvffi5tnfi
miruff d ilfr$luunyffirnfi
iAOA
tiv
tiv
I
JAV
fiu?uYl 7 an:?lauavmnlfl
fil.l?Uvt 7 Armmufiso?nlfl
tl
t
fAri
141.[',]U7t
8 ?n? [14qnTtM
I
uaviudreirg
uri'lufi s :Jrvriloffiourilu
,l,a
14U?UY|
e 1j:v{1rnfln:J'l
,la
14U?UY| 10 nTtUJA{ Uny
nr:rjnonar
,itj
l4u?Etyt 11 ?t1? rl4qnTtnt
q
Benqftd r Trnssir,saoufrn6m
ufrnnrr{ofu rnuriiurofioffi rrunoslnrfl m.rdnsnirm
fiqrn:sJd{urofroardnur 6o fiqrnrsJid'gnu"#oluuanmn:vuilT:{riuuairrfiunr:
l{Yet
9
.v
lffinneiiudquamq{dou
jtgol
v
a
A
I
,r.
r,rta{rirr;rurru rfia:losfiuirrur uovq:or:fiu{dn1?\u?odartrfi'o{1u
a
(
flRly{yryt1 t14d{ u?oa 03]14:05nfl Ur?6tu0
rflrram
Tou
e
'q
H
t1{6{nTrdSJqA
uryqolunr:{ofi qrnudr u'rodordnr*r
rfi otri'rfi o rqqcrfi
uarruqfirnarfi r{nrfiJnfl
o.r
r.lfu:Jp udtt vrinulnruacd{u?o6'oeJ drqnil'lrJ{nlarn.roqluanl,rft6dunarmirurn:n::nm6
unvdrurordoalTor ufi
r:rldlfinvTumiqrnilSu urn:unv6ir urodorurlu
rn6'nnr:droirglunr:{ofiqnrixilurodoffinmluanrudn:nuavErJru
un
tfr:J:varLr.rndrr5q
vdrm:n ufifl rgr,rrdt ur odol.r dnurtdo ejr$ia do.: 6a
1.
rirflrgrar firfioduqi.:lildnrudnur unvqurnranairrfiunr:rnits
3. lveaitaroartq-C'
lilruunqmrtJYn?8Jno
4.
6îarevAr,AAf
rflufrqn:rilfr
fr
??tJvll
enrrnnxrusiadn
-a4l4mtljll:uuunqilto QvuunTtouil
{6uu
{asft arir r;Hru :Jwwrornfi unc lan
oQ alY.
o
a
, T -1 t5. 4vvo
h4zuyt'lnqrnrrJfi oo?1sJ9tiri,14[n $avnoonltJRlo4rJ lQil [ovl1il:v [uf,uslaqwo{ unv
*ru:rru (n:ximnr:
2534: 4)
uu?il:llnrriofi enrard.:urof;a#nvrluTr.:riuu
nr:{offqn?TlR.rurofralfinurfluni:{o:J:saunrrni}lurifr6uurfiarnisrur6qdrfin eir fiuru
i
v
eQ
:
a
A e, r
rr A
^-Y. ^
nrruf ntlrfile $arflq6rxnllfiqndowiannun$rlryuldtu?onorJ
rY.:riu ffqnr:Hfuurodaru
q f
A
d
a
e' A
vd
raua
,
rl
-.q
,
6lnurlul:tt5uu 6.rnr:rfufrnr:rlflri6nor{r5uu (Action Oriented) [uanruni:nituurodoxoitt 1
Ae u
v- a
T
u
u3o
vrrul.lljrum [oung4d01.[rJljyru1yldl.[1jduuot.3u oa
a
aA
srls.'zra
I f
1. lvua
tl4hlrTuilnotn?1rJ:t:rJ
uafft:vqutuzut:uut:3JLo:{n1:
qlt$
a
a
t4 q
rava
u:aa.tila u0ugl{1u$nt?iltu
;.v
14'tflittt?oaa3J
qvv,r
I
u
. a
9t
i
a
yX
2. 1tfl{riuu:.ndufruairrfrunutoaq{aaurilu{fiur*v 6oqrv.ra.]ruoejrgahraao
qyva
v
I
3. n4rjr:uuil1{ailad'nfi:
X
1,[a
na1nil
e.
a
r Qsr,a
ngrydauo?:s? u til
v
i
a
a
d
ry
v
,T
Qg,
,
Qu,
f
v A
u
A f
a
Av
r:uulnonml?uua n u?nil n?lilf, ail H.:fl a.3nqn:TsJyt
aAA
tava?
-4- r4.a4 9
l:uuuauq
nuilquailnu?flo.3nunT'1j0uqulr r{u
T-.-C_ \ti t ,a
r
^
unrnSarfirufil.rfro4arhrar:tra
ctlz
i
uJa
I Y
-r
lj:vtuguovtTqar.rr:uu
unvttntan tfiilT3lutlltoau.l.3
1lt
qg-
a
t
v\4v
y
lu1,lnr:ul.rljenquuJun?
d
a
6u y
t: avrJnllilt6{aunuljNn
vt
rJ
vl4rl|.e
n?T,T?1911.[til
lil
d4v
tol
va
ilYffiil?osryr'U$
I
.,
r{
q
;,
v
ud
v
t4au
L
Qya
lunl:qon]Tuavun t?:Jruilld{rr?oa0il rdtTUuavqa{ loflJnlTrJnr.JlaLl4sJflqqnT?eJr{.3
v
ilnBUn:yu?umt
uX
ohtl'l
2l
1
.
snnalinlufl rgr,rrd.:urodoru
2. druuoflrgurdrurofroruld
vt,rAA
3.
TU?A{n0UNil?q15n$Unil
4. ?ror:r#fraqo
s. druuomrrdanuarnuaru
6.
7
6onummr.ruffb:1rgil{fr
. fifluruzuu{rwa6aTm$nulunr:urittfl rgrardsurofraru
8. rJfi:ifimu.rua.ruoudrusrlufiunu
s.
;
rJ:vrfiunr:rJfr:i6nurfluwuv
c r
uacr5rJ..rrulilri
1
1
uaafioraiqdu fionrrunreqfiloriuzuadr6qqo.:.n1.r
rV
oia'tlj
n#{riuuldnrfiafir,:rusmn:Rnunndtnrinfir.rdu uonqrnovdrutfiamnurofiax
e
^&
66ruft
v
r Qsr
f,.:ovrha1fr'{6uffienrnf rJ:valnr:n[ enrruirmrglunnufftn:lrgrar uanir.:ruoeixlflu
orudo,rdd.vn.:oqjriu{riuuhl$aaoffioilricoumrn[fitt0iarnnnfidruirrululomn#:Jevaue,radrrio
otlrhurrgornnr:ufitnflrgrarTou:nrunejl avrfluivrqfiffifieir uavdrulfrairiuuq:unfinfi{ild.1
satnrntrnlunr:udttdrurodaru uav6iodfrqrfiurafrnrj:vfruurifrsoe.rlfrir amnunofialqvldfir
nnfiu{
g.
uavqvfianrilurodaffi dtuauroqoehrur.iuousiahJ
rnffirddmfrosriunnnfunrhdadnnjmou
dr,neuu
f,iurnfialiilrnn (rhsnililfirf,o)
nnatdrfirpatdanrrcoun',odo,no6ordn:*r tunr:{onmdntnm,Jufinqm:
rJ:nmra*iiotnirlfrrafinqsn:r:rqzuaqlln.nrejcamu
6i.ldr6'rg
6a drnrraru
tuni:riuunr:aourfi olfirin6urufi oormformrfrrlalufiosdruro#aru oun:-.rft*rb1fi
:J:Cuf,deionrta{rl:ffiql0iodrqndo.ruavrueJlvdrJ Torua.iruvrr.ltJ:vdunr:n1o:,i rfio}frrin6uu trt
rfiuanrnflrgrnrofu 1 rlu u.:#trirld'u1naJ'rn 6.:6'o.rftnr:rhdrnrrcru uavrvrerTuladynruorhr r{rdra
rfiad.:ra?ru1fr'rfionrr:Jdurur:Jnc^rq6n::mrot{6uuldai'untnrr: (mr
4finrcr ru.:j.:i. : rs)
22
lunr:Guunlraru6ionrrdall d+irfiudocir6iosil.r
agi
.
V
.uYvv
a
j
4
a
r
r{rmlff d.:lr.fioiriuuuclil tor
I
ivu
;X
e
;
nrrsdannflowa{il:urflrflflarirfr.ildfirrnrildu1q mcfinrtfiii'uadr.:n{r{flrrmna.:du ruoinln
e )
v
t
A
a ir
,
d
a
d
,,
- q
t'
va
rilufruoruilir danr:aoruilurofia.rfiafirirsldsrmnm:6uuf uavr6urria{o?rHaulqornry'r6uu rhu
Qcra
d
t'
I
c
/i
nlrr
A
I A
.
rilnqnnr:uu?aur.:r?or5? uauoqluo?1ruvr:.rirlduru (Good 1e73: 22 ) un#anr:nounacirdnv
e j
r
4v
I i'
^
rilrun5adrudalr?ra{ng rl4fl1rJrrnoo:J1udff{u#auurnurinr:r{r1o
1tfrr,ffr1q16'.hudu #rdwrnvnn
tfidonr:aau rir1fra16uu1o11firj:carilfrHaiduarunr{ furflunr:do:J:ccunr:olfitndrdu.:riu
rJ:caunrrnlqro*nfiq, (fivru'f; qo,J66 2s17: 3) uyruftquflsnrilJr:uurfiu.:aehtrdur nftm:?n
6nur6nr:n$'tdrfurfiuonudrfirgrarn',rt#6irn',rdau il:unaunn6uunrra.rrdourrdaxdnur
(zs:e-zs:e) doldrhruoqmfioraq{rnvnniflu
oftrJnn4luuzuuuiuvma.rTcmnmd.ruro#orudn:*r
nlra.udon odaxfinur trifinr:zu6q6iorfio:.tan6ndrfindrud{u?o#ail drufrrunarn:mn:v6'u
df
(nreJ?fin'n a.:on1:utud[n zs:q' zs)
nnnixdonnsm*ru*urof;oxiinu (:Jrunilnir6o)
nr:fiqffinn{or',6irn'',raru tfiail:vnaunr:6uunr:dauvrr.:fi'.rurofra:rra.ro:uri finr?uu
:vdrrl:vnardnur rflu6atfiqsd'a.rfiqr:il{ouayduo uay:ounau T"oAlfiofioq*drunvqnr
ri:vlaminardonnaamfiotfu
l
ru.ra%nrrduo.rsraunr:r{emrnqfi n::rrFntudrusir
cau ftfienrxturJrcdtJdaoo6'a.lriu{u
oll6'arnr:
l
drnrt
uacnrrrJaulffiotr6nlu{urj:cnrJfinu 6o
donr:aouri:vurnrati.:fl0 dr{orfiu6iorj*rrd.rfiur{rfim,rfi.: nritrda r,rrirflo{orfludotudmur:*r
fudoorrmraenulft.r4uft6'riuufuavr{r1o uavrfiodrfinlurJryutriouurfior6acafiifiooh u*ofia
,t
fi qruoirl.trnn'jrfl
oa.narurJ:curvr6u
(n:ruirrnr: z s:::
r
z)
qrnnnfinutqiilurfisrurnrfla{ rfiurqei (Piajet) nu'ir rdn{a, orudul,Jnlurro
fllJTltJLtu?enrHfiold frrnufiun.rlu:nuenrrufolru{r1qfla.Jstu rdnarrn:ntiruuniorqfirflu
gil*ullff arm:nfiotulqld
,iruunuruaoraqi
r{rtqtu6i.rdN 1 orrelftruqfinra'jr
o#or:rir ovhhinr:ri', ulu.r.
tordunsd,flugrluttx'ld r6n{u rr-',s flrlu 6odrun,rqzuuludorirflt*u',Nm:il
a d ia,
.a-y-.4-)4^t^.^-v-.-v-.d-ia-
v d
r
I
a
, !,
,
i
i
,
A)
ton?uuavuJtq,{nilunud{Ylilsl?sru il5ad{vrtljuuanuutllu.touNtou?tfi]uu ttqtautTrJnu?1a{Rud.tyl
.5^.^.--------
d-el
rq
.t
Copyright byfrruqzua
Mahidol
University
(tdflruqn \tmltn
2s2s:
u
e u 2
d
a
c.'
Uuu'liltrnJ d.lvtttJtilllllanilu tfinaeflavilorrrufronir
d
,f -v
tt
87)
vaL v
u
-
a q ,t
I
lnrsf, 0mfl nflinn|T{qnfiilil mn $mT&rl{1
i
dnrnnn
q v
A a
iq
A
r 6lga
v
a
'
dotJn?ltJ6tlofuauNu{
lltoufl acno [14 nonm?{0tu'l11qqm:rJfl
a u
0.3
Qrr
tonnlunTt MR1:rl
\y
[o
I
[[n
raftfiadrrailr6niiqwso{rlnrno{ rriufiouJnol l4rrr{fidneiru rarhfladrur{qnndrunrururirfin
u&
oitu
1. nr:eiru rh cifrarm:nrfirlar6o{Tnoix 1 fi fi orqdantsJilrrr udruifinrqold'
z. nrdru
rir utfr'rfirlqntrufiortor
ai6uldn{r.:ql.:du
3. nr:niru drutflvin:lanrrfioourn"ogol,fi6du!ff
4.
iq
at
nr:eiru dr ulv?rfi onr:vruzrruld'avornduuacfi nlamm#ruo
qludr sia.:mfluilru
'o\l,
uJotonolils1[o
s. m6ehu rirutrfirfi oioltilrunor drnGlddn.ilm:fuft
6. nr:ejru rirufieuronrlfeinoin
rwirfi
waehrdu.l
1 ldnilrmloeiodu
urirdafi un'nnnnnri*Atfi
1. nr:tfiuunrllrun loungfiffrodt{aenrlraiariarmoir.q lfrrdnrduusnrreirodr{
.
2. nnrfi uusnrJeirnrilqrnria.ffirfittd;ru
3.
nr:rfi uuflrguruiafiarauour*cqrn Gorfittd'eiru
4.
nntduusnileiruan duulunnfllnnluelr#rfi arfra.ilrjfirnr:ft dna ilrnfi{finr:rfi au
a^-..' --6-!a 4r v s Q r .1 q 3
oT{alonq a{ zunu o nu [l4tJauilu tqml
zu
s.
nr:tduum:muR'rn loan:prohi'qnrnnaqni:nloirq udrtrfrrinriuurduu:n:uru
etiv
uugrou sl 9l0tu0{nu
6.
nntduulqorrlT*rururraiar?rgmu ogaraal4finnqnr:niraSaanrunrxriduufttfr'
j
A.A--_y--y 4_ U
.a-4 v d e
a. - qe
r.4
, .4r. T a
tdnflntaotTuuraenrrufrfiudo{frur5a.nXu1niurfiuru?rgmu}[oururfiuqr.nJ::rirflnar[:.lr6uulfludu
7. nr:nloriufinr6osrn
!a__-._-.q__. A
ffir:
nmiounru qm{nnt enarqtfiEirutarilflafirfiurfufiq
eq-e..a,v a r 6 Q A
"-
,
V q
q
islreo.,rrdnfl uufu udr lrirdnriufrn'irrdnluriosriu
rirav'lr lunarlor rfrudu
1A
rrirf,o*rrn{nnnnnmdrurnrfl.r frrfi
1
. qeiruaanrfi a$ir.rfiu1fi'rdnrfu
u#rirnrniuunuuydrdrntld'
2. ngdruffanrrurln,4ro udrtfrr6nrlfirifigrxld
3.
ngeirufraonrru ud'rtfrr6nrdannn
rfi
oxriufraolild
4.qdruffonnurio.rnrtfrrinriuurn:nffr#.rrirnrru1frrin6uustaul6'
dnnr"orgo
nlqo
lflur{nuvfi1i'1unr:cir:{ffiqra{oulr'r rnryrflunndr.rlurulr:yra,jrfiu rfio
rudorolxfiorfiu oru.rdotnr: uavfr'oufitarfrrnrosiad.:sir{"t
urhflsdrsr{nnnrdnludnrnqr mrfi
1
airulurarh
fl
.
dlnfu r6nfi\triflouqo ilri.,rfioqnir1fr'n#rqoquornnr:.tnnurarq
fi .: 6a.:mfi
nn
o rdnovorouogld
z.
ng{ofion:*lffiryinwornnr:eiruro.:rdn lfrrdnlduolufio$eiru
3. nr:afiilnslia{qrnufi.lfio
4. nr:rir6au,tiadofio.r
s.
eirdunaqnr:nifi druloignda.r
dnrfl.:nr
?rflrf,ofi d?ufi
n{nurrqfi nranas rdndnrf,.rou flrti
r. r,rri.rfrorfindrutfrenr:.rfnnt.rdrlq frug.,ur.on..,:r]fudrifir,ilrriudi.:nr't6'
2.
rarftfrariratfluurnaeitfidlunr:rdonrJfrrifforulunxfiqnfien: niu 6a.:nr:i{nirrur
rirryo fiarn..*fia#fl
d Fo.rorrenreTuufiurfi u: orufirfi ouou
3. rari.:frorirulfrrdnfionllfior
rfl
u6u
nr:iffnfio8ulq lunr#onJ*nq6:JfrrT66i.roirq oia{
6u uanqrnrluti.lororfiurerSo.rftoiiqiLisJrirt,riafi}i'rfiurto.rdlr1 ftrfiodurnioqyrfiodu
rarn:Jfiri6
raial*rt5:iaoefutoodrsrad.: rirl'fi'r6nld'filanrnlqiq:atfior:rur uanJfrrifi
raior6nrlfi:ifi6i.:riusia
25
fr.: n
ru
niu nr:
nvr 6 o fu rayr 6
otrilmu fi.:or: uri nm o r{u
4. 6iodt6nl,i'.'.rnurhfiafidru
rfl
udu
qvehlrtfinr:$do.ioannNfisnlrumvdr{u
niu
riiafi
orrarffinTn:mridtil',^rolq avudo{ornrrfitt*i,"ul, niu {ruv,lru r$or4u11l0nu dovrnudrrfiud.tlria
rnrvl6'roudruroufornurirflo fiouf{n:csrnrrffiomanlurrJlrirumyar 6u
s. dvrivrara.mrhfio rirtir6nrfiorqorrnrnnifiuqr&tuduqu:JivrnqfirJfiri6oruldraarurJ:rrn
tto
forirltitno u:..ryloluf,ufi
6.
ufitt crl
nJfu rlq.roruro.r
yft nru}i60rdu
ua
rfu t ro,ft ruldulndu
nnlfieirur,rri.ofiariru}irdnoqlufuewldddu ludrunr:f{n16nr:oirq niu
fifimiu
ffdufi:hgmoh
8.
ua
rdnoulofiflrgurmr.rfisnar niu bilfluiirrolfirerarrftaul fiarofinurifinr:firadrrfi
x 6 o nr:rJfi ri6 orulrilfl ufi
7.
rna.r
o
f fftt*G*jdroirr
1 rfludu
ogrrav{rJnn:0.,r arqtfiilfirfiouffflrgr,rrra.:r6n ludru{irfi urfiunr:fisrur
vlqfin::Hmrtf,.:oil6'uluodNd Touarqtffi6nr:r6irrta,snrnrari.rfiadruqunr rirrauoratauunirtri
rdndru6a$qvtlifrodourir6n rfiafiuvrruirtJ{nr:uriltr rqfirmmlul rdu rdnffifrusouqoilo fi
6lzr i
J
arqbftirut3o{d1nl fi1tff'ilo6o1uu,irarnr:norJofizunrfisoairk raiaa.radzomr:qonfuftaeir.rh:it
rarnrdnfioo'lrlt{rloqruunvlmvuamr:n::rirluvnrti6*r1*i6ufr. fiaror:Jduuvrq6n::l'lrJlunNfi
a\
z'
oto
e.
ji
v
r6o.,roir.:1
et
fi:Jnngturari.:fr*ir6ntdeiruquihutfiffinlddoul fufigrrrrawwos:{nnn
a
,
frfiurfa.l {aqna{ uncrvtfit.rumluurluoirrl fiquo.:orrJfitifi du r6nr5n1
eiru raSoq,al.uiuli
rduhfl:.:6uru6nfrilvr:rumvwr6uHdrrsriusJtq'irdiafi{nnmcsior'lrjT:s6uurirr rirl#trindrnnl:J
I:o6ou Uuiilflufiu
ro. rarhfradrutfrr6nr{srurnr:tfifraueiroirq rfiafiovar$uftoma{sr,un.:ldaeitnrxrcail
piu nr:1fi4::vrur$'urfiou eio:Juqneir.rtjqrnnr:tfierfl,,rurxdrufirnr4ori'urilurJ
lflud'u
o,*"ugruni
rari'lfradrrailrdn drurdqrurnq6n::rro.rr6nrr.:oiruonrni ldr,tnrur]:vnl, d.,rron
droEhqj:vnal'j'r Gosjxmilloqydrufiemar:runinNdrulo dtil
1. tj:vnntnnfiuru
f6nni
or
uo
nu tri'uri
16
rirarir}i'rdnld6uournr:dfr..:enrrun6ornrf,udroredrutrqguolx
Copyright
Mahidol University
uin erl rortqtdld'o by
d
nfj t r o orr
u
dN
26
2. :J:urrn rurdruo.r dr ulfr rdnldfu erlxa4nauru tnd o tnfi u
3. tJ:vurilnr:sio{
4.
rJ:vnmetrdur drulfrr6nrfioor:l.rnlunvorrrrffinda6irfi6.rrruunvframr:fiqnJ:fiilqfi
A
'AUA
alorgfiu rirultfrrfinlsifilenrnffinduroiu aurnfaurnrfiu
\srA
aqvldfidrfluoud
:Jfirifiorre.r rfi
s.
rJ:vurvrnr:vio{ffiue drutfrrdnld;rnrrHdulo fiar:ln[fiudHla v6orjruirqrJdRril
q j
j,
"ilufln0tut:a{ul{
61
6. rj:vmmenuin drerlfr'r6nrfioonrniduurirufirufinuruuavaredi'Nnmaonistfruriffiql
\ vz,
Loulit9t13Jd3JFr?:
7.
rjxrnvr6a{ffi
"-A
dr
qq?{
a
rirulfrrdn
a
rfi
oanlnifi
r\1,
erfro
&
dI,
uqrudo 6o{ loilrnn'ir6arrfior6u
6
6
i
o,a
a
rvmarxcmr:o.:arqrJdrurilfiouil6ousrnsir.rlilqrnffiqolllfluhhar6n r6n fio:nhlrtiliu:rrvrau
riuerrurflutho{eruro{ ufiifioerlrffrnrl:d:rlo rfiulq fficr: uavr{rtq64u rflud'u
8. rJ:vurvrduor?dru d{fi'6n fi oonln[u?loeqn nfrr unvnoolilrfiofiuluelum.l
e. :J:vnvraoulo rir}i'rdnrfi
t
Bnco urndr
oar:runifi
rfluoruidnourno#rd
rfiu,nud
o. :J:;nvrffi sro:auofr rir}irfi oar:ruoi uurr.luffrnrfi uonrfi ule frlarriodil:aroar
u
nadaq
nrer
aluo:au oirmndu
9to-ua6c'-;a36v
o.3uu nl:avilsrulnqqn?flJfl 0{[onT1io'l:sJtuuu €t?5mqflflun{ilu51uyn{a1:ilil0u
fi.uin:nurriourdr6.:d'or6onrari.rfrofiqvlhufisuuronmlsatr6nlfrr{$urdu niu urhda.:nr:lfr
r6nfrrfrsNurnrmr.r6'ruor:e.rnirfiurffu
- A
.4-.,n
a
orrrlfrr orlruauaiuluo:aroir orq{our6acaiararftfia
v
o
nu?nuo:ouFmilqon{fntilTn o?t}luistsnt0{ijotNmol
'
osjNl:fiqrl n#r6n16'eiru6o{nrsiro 1 fi{orarlfrrfu r6nordt*ir:Jduunq6n::ruturlufi
rudrinqvfi ulillufin:*nrcfi
lt
€io
urfluoio
utrj uavddulufi ao
,û
oTrf,eruuqn
fr'qurnr:ta.rr6ndrua6rJryryr ovldiunrnfrerurdulflucirdu qrnnr:ldiu:J:cailnr:ni
uavdsurodaloir.l 1 dqflua.:eirj:vnautfr'r6nftri'qrurnmr,:frrud uavrarXrfrofifiOvrfuraoajrofio l*i
vu
,
a e
a T_ E
"ut{6vtftmr.:sirudu LoudnocldfiJonrrif en'txdqrfril â
i6nn {unau
enrruffir flrgrar ifrnnuri
..^-e.a_-1.-^-^ ^^"^-
\4
n
q
I
ilrgrarvirr
1
Yf
r[.: [o
usff
ua:nart douqrnm:cirurarirfi o
dnunaqd.rnrin 6.,rrJ:rngoqjralo'ir rfinfifilonmo{lndfiorari.rfio uavroueiruraritflodt
filonrafiqvrfiru4uollf o?'uJd'uJl:n tmudonfsrurdfiflrgrgnra{qun{rnnn'irr6nfittrieiauld
eirurari.:fi
a bi'irqvfi urv{:"rcsrurod}imu
m
uta
lfl
urn:rJlrift rarhdaeiiu
rjrurnaanrhf,o*ntirJr6n
r,rri.:6adrr,rfu6n drm:nrnjild'ranrudnuruc d.:fi ru:rd vra.niru (zsze, rq) nrinfi.r
r,rri.: fi odrrafi.ldnii fi a
qlufrat
or
ar ofl ogiud'jr
i6ii r fioffirduufiuufrnlunr:urh
drlr:n mi.:ld n ifi 6o
urj.rrfiu z il:vnn 6o Souufir (Frose) ua#ourno,l
(Poetry)
a6ii
,
doq:Jrmurflurnru{ urirld z il:crnil 6o
1. uti.:fianrw @icture Books)
2. r::run::a.rdwiru (Tradition Literature)
3. fivnunfiulrari (tvtodern
4. {aun:al
Fantasy)
(Poetry)
s. :iurfimddudliu (Contemporary
6.
Realistic Fiction)
:iurfirn66s:J:yTfi €ndq6 (Historical Fiction)
I
7. enrxf,unnltv{fir1eroa
i#
(Information Book and Biography)
s fioiuiliarvdu#ufiuurflurnrudurh arm:nurirld s ilxmyr 6o :cdudn6n
raiaor4ura olEl 3-s sru:vdu:J:cnr{6n:er alel 6-11
rnu uay:vdufioulfin:flsrauduutoriou{a?u
01q 12-14 fl?U
âia
T6fr a
l
Eornrirfilflurnru{rnir rnhnlu: il:vrnn 6a
rTr.ufi.rerd
Ficrrion) ar:o6 (Nou-
Fiction) ua#oun:or (Poetry)
qrn:Jvrnntacnri.cfrafinrirrilr qvrfiu'irnr:mhusiaa4fi fiuuurqr{rv u6ar,rfrnnr:dunlu
ta{ou 'trinqrudnunr:nacnrirfior6ntirtrf usiii
q.tliqe'\tiett
qi'niil
qrarfiriur{ (zszt, o) ldnrillfi.srJ:vrrvr
'trJ16orir.:6
University
s ilxnyl
q v
r,
eA
€l
.l
----..-4tosnu.:dotdnli
doto'irtilu{om,:J:J:vnmm.n,tfiifrodrufurdnlour{r 1
-.--
VMs
r aia
fr.1fr
28
1. urXrfioannd
va
ahv
a
da
2.
^
raftdafr tr{onurnfiorndufiflmru
rarhdanr.t u?irrlru uavlnamaoudt.: "l
3.
ufirfrauuuGuu
4. urhfioeirurfi
lrfi ilH6rnJfleunr:nioin 1
s. uritdoa"rr6.r
6.
rafi.rfrourja
7.
rarhfianr{qu
8.
?Trd'lr
s.
rari,rfiafirudnu{u
3
.
ua
d
u
,lloa
e
o-
b
uonalnfl rhsmma{urirfior6n ftareuhld6nlr*frnusucii
srilnGms
6o
(marivrurduqhfru
: 181 afu1uer6fi i..:rp{ufy
2527
o rhz
e
,
u
1.
?R[Oyttl4fy]lrq
2.
tfi,loYt tl4Fn'ltJljl{ytit
-o
16l
a
rafi.lfrar6nfisaunodnfi't$'lxr{1nila6frJnr:
ftrlu
nr*iruunrj:vnvrfuarorirl6'tudn
ilnlufrn:eilc tdu 'iruunsnmnrirtflfi ,iruunqrldn:eilcnmjrsn$# f:o'iruunorlidnnrirrcuo
j a e rXeruX
^Ft^.9^.4
-- a
uJusD[ {.t?l|oan4
uuumJttilati]uo?o uN to o]{fl
1.'iruun nrrJfinuruunnr;rblfi
1.1 rarhflariau uuuriuu
1.2 rafirfioeiru:J::nau
1.3 rafi.:fraeirurfiufiru
1.4 rnrhfiouuufi nfi'ouiaulufl nfi'n:gs
1.s urisflafruo{rdr.r6r
2.
tir
uunqrrJfinsgrivnr::J:n{u
2.1 rj:vurvr{ouufr rflurnri.:dar6nfi1#d.'ur*r:srrfiuufirlamcallfiuiumlr6n
j_S___- l,
rilfnTq
v
a
a
r$io
C
tgtt
n?'uJUruil{ il:01j:r6{un11n[$n4€i1l,[
29
2.2 rJ:vurniasn:o.r nlurnrftflofdtffidauor4ilrnrurinJ:nffr.rf rJ:vurvroinl
naau
Inm
nrnEi
rdu
rar IoEl:Jrvnaudufiu6a.rnvir.rl
v
3. riruunqrldnusu:norfiour
3.1 rj:vuryrrymfulru
3.2 rj:snYffiqfroi
3.3 rJ:vnvrfirrJ:vifiqona
3.4
:J:ynyn::nrnd
3.5
:J:cnrYrimuroras#
3.6
tjxurytmfflo.:
3.7 rJ*rrvrnr:oio{
3.8 :J:srnnffiqn:omh
3.e rJ:vurvrauo.:r{rg
:.ro rj:ctnyrsrruin
r.r
r :J:vurmrj:yi6oras#
:.rz :J:uuryrcltdul
:.
r
: rj:yuryrrSo.::J:suargl
t6tr
3.14 U:yUlytATOn?1rJ:
r. r s
rl:vuryroltqnnrrsJ
:.re :J:vurv46ffiorq
!
:.rz :Jxnnviolrfisr
:.rs il:curYrffiqqt:
:.r s ilisnYrqnrfivraoulo
r.zo :J:smiluriulrEr
4.,iruunsnrJefrnr:rirlJilagl
4.1
m
rdr.r
:J:vrnvrfiriruvrooTodtrilfiuarudn:*o[a'nua udrflunn:ranreirr,r6aiar fiusiafiu
rnamriorudn nr6o finrufiuda.r rflud'u
t
i
t
Yya
u
dot
v
4,2 :J:vrnvrfirirmaoldrflunrufrnun[ffnue lduri
!
44-.4vA4eaCx\e,
il SJnTttg UUUUil niltoQo}tetilfl
'
r6o.rsin
1 firnru fiuru uflnso:
1,r
[a
30
s. 'iruunontqrurir
s.
1
:J:vrnvrdtrffirudno::ilqrruruau4fi :lrgrgr dw,m ufis uritftaiddfi qrueir
uailrift fi r*fiu ro6ou ul'ko
qj
s.2 :J:vurmfirarudnt::Hanur du'lduri rari.rfioidrflufiufiuuri{eiru rialfrrfionr:
rfiufiorfimou udhvfinnrynl{ot}ff{airuffinar4n mufiosnl udfizuafiurnuulJ.:o{rflurhvrdudreirg
ynhmrrf, m.rrnnii rnnnhilo*nffi l6n
avtfiuo fitldnm (zszt, zt) rnuolflu:ivrcrllr6ol "xrrirufirfiadnrirunac" tii'r ",$it
dtnfufi#erfrrnneiu rafuairrlfrrdnfdnlfinarlnlfriflurJ:uTumi drraie.romru6ocir.w::ri rlqn
qoiaraat.
f,stqqofrffd dtre?Hfiamarunmrmrdrfid sraooaudrratffia:J{erumu rnnjxrnfiso.:rnfi"
qrnfindnmrfiwh ululorJmsrifiaaoodasi'rnnirerfin:rfiyroriuvi.:dninnunndnmnqrwnm.nauon
(zszt' zo) ri,f,olti't rfiatfienumfiornfiurfludrulilrd tfin?rl.l6orfiodulfrrfionlrrdonirra::ri
Yrorilun?rtJffinf4rdnriro 1i'rnAnr{rnilulndu rirlfiinnr:eiruunalqnf,.rr[ounfiurir6n
!
a
]l
c.,
6wraapJld,jr p:J:valrfu a.:nr:rfi uuilri.sfradlafi.ldn .Iou:?u uaou#: 6a
1. #al*'rnnHt
n?lrJdqndulu ldFuonrero::Tn.:1ouavry1o
2. rfiadrnfulfrr6nftirf;uinnndru
3.
rfio ra6ruatr..:6usurnnuacorrH 6oafr
4. rfialfr'olruf un:nJgnfi.rqrum:l
ufrnnnehwnft
,
lordriuu ter$
g::duri
r6n
oaaoqwirfiuHfi dna.lf,.rnru
fi onrfqu*nlrilfin
fforrnvft
fi (Huck and Young
1
s 61, 21
-22)'ldrm,tfrnrnr*drfi uarTufia.rdrufu r6nH
9l.l1,[
1. Iotoriao (Plot)
z.
dasflulnrofirofntd rirlolfr{drufioqrer TourflurSatftr,iraulqmc
riiridro (Content)
6'otfi qrueirunyrumydudrrafildn
3l
3.
t i
4.
.
rI rrr
q
6 T
zi-
v a^
'i4.
uriur5ar (Theme) o?:fiq6rtrrilusi1ri6a.:eoru6nlouqn{uacti]ut5o{frrfrurffu8isl
:J:c'iriu uaurilrJludrldrr,tfuiur6n
4. dravo:
(Charecterization) or:fi drufi un:voiuiqlafl o.:{eiru1fr'6du
s. fiarlunnduu
(Style) ue{uoria.:iru frotquuytduvffitfluo::lJg,lfi
6. g:Juuu (Formag ;:JnrnuoqrJridaohaulo frrari.:flaor:fi$rr{frorqu
t.
6u 1 (other consicderations) or:fiuurnfiaii*r}ir6nnatouavaule6oorldru
nnrfiuwafi.:fradrrairr6nfiurl:nrruflid +,s,e (ru:.rd ra.::Jru 2s25: 80) fir,ta'nrnrudlu
nnturirvuodsfi
mrn*j.rurnulnnnriuu
1
. rfialtA'rAntaft,orrl.rdunrn6ornfi
u
I
z. rft od.rra6lneur6o66ruair.ra::ritatr6n
rl
3.
rfi
4.
ty{afl{KTrJ
s.
rfi adr
arjanf,.:frouofifi
61frurir6n
|'l
j
,
a
v
lsra
t14
I
a
e
d
ronTnnTiolu tJo?'ltJa um?aulnr:ul{
utunnriuunrursa.: r6n
un
nJfrugrulunr:ri um::nrod
6. rfiolfluuurvrr.rlfrr
udnn"nfiuu
v A
I
e q
,
q
v \va
1. ?lu.lola{uu{d0 tuilaauutoSJtJl9rf$'rud1nafla{nftmT?.r09td1iln::rJnT4ilo?tulo?l0it
v4
|
|
\e
t
A
,
Vrr
l,lr,
14u.rf,0u:Uu]yrqNl l?Ua',t tuljTynilU:ffi'lu6lnBrfiruUOli g ?Urqlgtufl
firsJrirdu fisudnclluroft
olHn{rr xo?rJul?
v
d.rd zro x2s7,148
z.turom.ldrdnmHror:grudrnadruuoturo?arsTrdnmfi
il:cntJdnur 16'rirrauoenre.rqtnordrfi$rfH rs
\ddtteaa
145-2s2e) 1 l^rouq
iln]ril1nu
x
suro Aq, As uay Bs
2io,'t76x
rumvft
rafu
zso fiaf,u.lq:
rinfiuulu:;oiu
fu :o noud (l.nm:grm6gfiru?iqqorfiffnJ
rJan.
0.376 tJaauJgl:
3. llulofla.fftl$t ?tu1oflo{nr\6natwrlvr6nlu{ud:.rasrilrfioil:snau6o.rrvirrlu df;u
Qs-aaua6
?o{n'ry'r tf,dnnrJnaunu unvxenm
riluqisqrtJD::xf,tql
.lrdr
40
v
14u',1
Frouurnfl rm1.r'rr143JrcaHfi'dil usilsinr:ilurfi u
32
s. n:vorufitfirdr:u
6.
Aera
en:tfin:corufi n,rfiutrdlrid'osaurrinfild
rirfilfrlfrfi ntlumuurnirurvirfirmri.rfiarruu6uu uavtun:ouratrura:Jzaunr:ni
v Qvu
Gt
Yr4rlUl,iAyqO [l4nuton
j
i"r
t'
'
u q cX
X a A
cnrilfixr{uf
7. r:0{7tr?tuuen:rflurta.nrrfi lfi urnlow{1nluu:or:a.i?o{ounuffer'rnu{
6f
d
Rruruorouo:?
?fl{Tlr
A
-A
i:Asli
a
- d
r
va-
u
6
A
vA
I
ivruroresd rJrffioras6 mrzuorgfiu ria.rrJmnvrrinfruoirr 1
j j
a i
cA, q d \cr!
e' e a e
A aY,
usar:o{alnRTluuqnTuldulo t?uutoyl.tu:Jud1{ytu1 {aarrfir u6a :aun:a{ uncr:a{il?l0tflutito
A
i
-
qqr,
I
I
c3
n0 nTrfl0ouy|:nqilI,::tJyl0nl1jQnil{ tl4unron
rari.rfiaii6drrafu r6nnr:fi frnr*rucdNiido
i.
(q?nril
|
qr'rrfi riuvrri zs27 s7)
rdor,trq:sftJnr1ildula $aso?rrJ6'o{nrflo{r6nud6crvlfl ueiaviu
fi.rairfi
uuqcdo{dn
AAacti,l
:fl ASnil U'l tfl.:t0nn
2.
Al{ilQS H UU
grJreixnvr{o5o lrirfinra6alrar$fiuhJ frrr6nr6nnr:ftg:Jir.riru 1
3. g:Jnrnaru.nl fiorqu fifia:J firfiuurirfrarfinrfinn?:finrrxrn 1 uac!flunlnfiaola
tt
A
.
I
a
t,
y e A 6i
j
o
t,
I a
tl ez
^
tuunlT'ltnaautu?
olailJluuou mmnu{[an nmfiJluuiMou
nTujno{qoo?l8JduLan4oulnilulj
airu
16
nqcaulantytylNr?1rJ'lnrrirvrt{r s
4. drdnmd'ilq
fro
rqu
n4sfi criild'lusma.: ffi n
udayfu
_
5.
.\o,tqta
t
v a v 6i
4
Rl:f1yt lf, !f,nTtl.tlu tljuRTJl?urou?nuton
6.
dravnonrftioigndo.t
7.'irururarirlriilmfin firr6nEi.:r6n..ituxuulhadtfiou :-q ufir
8.
e$rta::d
v
3^
a
t
q 2'
2t
r. 4ve
aa
-.^----q-?-luolnuonaln
ll4o?lrJuutyrirlrd?fnrtl4Fn1rq f,?u tl4ronNQuquln'n uncFnlrJno
dotrfrrfi oenr$rrfirlosTrn.t
s. dnacn:or:oq1u{urdurriuriu r6n
cnltJdltJTlntr,tnr:druqa{t6nudavnuluiu16urriurludasruqnsh{rilroonhJ
duoqjriuafi
flrurur tltfl Fnlrunfio nrr$raulqrflufiren* darni {rlnn:a{ uayA{rxofrall rflud'u rarhfiorfinfid
ocdrutfirdninraritfioosrndrurarirfia qyuOufifi{flodrr1 mairusirunlilaula'teid'orfinuoou
rftpi'u}i'eiru
33
6uqur lunrgfi (zszr: r-+)
n:m:rs dnurfinnn[drnuo uurnn{o
firrarirnlrurfferurrarftfraqurirfrerurrarftfio n:Hisrnr:
air.narX'rfi anr{qudrrafu
r6norlth du#ustauft d
"iuii '' riruuo{vrqrJxaori ;}a6ao uavpJuuunr:rduu6orlouniuoerruriutfit uavdr:v
nlxf;vtaofiaoulo vriaxfrturiur6a.s (Ttreme) 1fifiorqrufiar,#0,6n. u#rair.iler:.:riorTou
a
l.\
taonloyrrTl
ta
u v
v
a
cArA v
. v v a A. 1
u?orl4qmTniytulqlurslu tl4rJ'r;d3Jnu?uron {(tljfinaljo?uanuilcsl?avo: :1u
nvduorararn rdu rinr nuu anrufi rvwr?n'r qqnralufior
"-;aATa
fr.rfr z rfrmlSos[ouacfiuo riruuonrndrufi.nronrnnrigruunvrfiurufiorSarri]uunauot4o
A A
q
6
a
e
.
v
y A"
I ,
rr5amuuriluuilnrrqlu (Script) ar lun:vorr*ru5arJflilnrfl'liluonrn lilquoruuulvrrlT4uo sffn1il
$
f-
r
8
v
|
I
c
u
o 6
v
"lu
!1.{tt9ldy{0it1j:yn0uo?ufilljTTEflunl}rnm]rill.lqoiruTTulEJ $nyfl'l[st9lau?lo.:91?6vo?
vrvrl
vAAAA.lrovrA
irl.lYr
3 tlluultnuililyt?utuot:oit fluaynuo?l0.qun11\ ilrJ']utaflmnilR1?l tn?ll4ul t110
rJfu rj:.r
9Uuritrlfr'aoo n6'a.r uoydon?1sr14m uldfio
rqur6?{ofi Hfi
lfl
unj riru
rXn?mnnTn:snr:dt6fual:raR1iln'r:dou (rrnfiordrurrg zs2't,2'te dNlufirrg 6uTmr)
1.
rirrauorta$qcrfi uu u6'rl.:To:r6or1fra4n rfrrleiruliriou
2. ur.iwrxdrdrgrar6amonrfiuTerxfu
v a
3.
OOLaan
r
T
,
ia
(Frame) tn'siorfiafiffi rsid'uquqil
a v
lnt{:]{taTtlyd?uyttlludTtvdloru
VA
1rJ14tJ'l U gl'.l8JYl8J
I
a
I
a
6t
I
Qg.
Aa
a
6
t:8.3
v
v
$nVUqAVRll^ltJQOtJill4tJlUtOU?
tljilR'lv'l.t'lUttnv Lf,OlU:?UlU?1T0R1U17|8Jn?13J14!J'lUdrJutilnWlO:O
'- '-'-'E--t q
jgq
u
du
A
s
I
q?nunilJanuilvtoaau[il?ylrfltar{o
qr9,
r
d
,
v
- l,
I
u v
a
v
o v
v
Qs
v
qa u
2 V ,
el
a
"
ttqay'|ln3JiltJ'lu|a$nlnutuqnrJal0u
nmaoa10un1llFnTtud00nn0{nuuann'n0'u
tonqo.ln1Tn?1od1u$141n{1u
v
?ru'l01a.3R'ly{ttqayq?onu€'lt?Ju'lorl4tJlvdrJnu?ufl0.:201u
9'
X
Av
o
a
v
|
j
uaynTtt?tuuyl
6
A v
t:Jfl?l uanarnun?:tJflorru:niln1:t5uu aqnil:vd{ounyttuuhlnfio
q
YA'
yt'luljvrtTuuo?u
3
tnlrjilmu?asnTrEu
eirjr "ndqw (Cartoon) ilm1nR1:t1tl5{te6'jr "Carton- nrudmfiuu'jr'Cartone"
uncm:ravfiwjr "Charta" fienuumu'fi n:voT* (paper)
413 94
34
6r?'lrJ?1lnueo{rilir "nr{qu"
€
n'nqu
utJl
a
fi
filfrertxumul{uaraviru rdu
a
A
a
r i
\u
6
|
rflunrnfilfrorilniffu nrilfi'arduu r,tianrnfirflur6a.::mndtudvo: (Beer Bohm
1s6st 'te1)
nr{qu urJlufi{ R1}trdo.ro'rrll6ofidomr:rfiaodr:Jiuuril:u dorduu
aeirrtoqona d${ ratoanrunr:rritfr{qrfiontrufflnnufiu
278
e
I
un{ RTnlofi:0Eo?r0{tt1?{?1oq{il0nu:0n1r50{ toaul.lr?olr? n.l:quom
arfi:JnSurur.r
ffi$firr srubiaulq (webster rroo,
,qaaf
dl{lu'firflS dutdil)
nr$qu umufir nrnfi {rirunrm:nqy6€nrxilaJruldornfirgdns#fi aqj ua;drub,rqjov
A^
oi'
uJunr{yr murnltJa:{fl
fr oo?1aJr4rJ'l
u
nr{qu ulra6,: dvirno.:nlnfiomqerna u6o'iraa{rJ'rqlndn'runr:rfi;ifiavriflnsia
nrudotfiutaqonavirtJ nr{qurirtfrnurfirlqfi-rorrrudorfiu rfrr1odrr6a.,nrrdr.r1 uavlunar
rdu'rriur4tbinurfioo,uffinrufiulrJ6'rs (wittieh and Schuller 1et3:
126
fulurfirtg
nr$qu umufi{ mwnoruiaqor.oor*lrdoonro,6r*ta6arhnndl01
d4nduu nu{u un#r ulfirfi orenrlrAnlolunix r,rionaqmrrioirs
1
6uTaru)
tffi*lu
ld (na6mm: nran:xfinuirfinn
2520.22)
nr{qu ulrufir nrnfilfiuvrunrvrofu lflunrnmur Tfrrditrinnfiaunaloe.l arq!flun'n^rnu
nril#q{
ra6odonadofigrJdnunrvfion'rrrJo'r rialfrrfiocnra.rffinrufruirolileuleso.r{q
qrruruf
6J:vq:-
2s13: 2)
n,iqu ulrufi.: drunuro':qoora uur6o uiaanrunr:rrlunsafi.Jd%drufuffngrntru6o
flo'rcru (aruntr$ ffirq3ru unyont.y 2s26: s3)
alnrnrrJl,lrJluohq frNd'uqtld'jr
"nrfqrr umu6.: nmrmuSofirgdnu#{rroriru
35
yroomlrifinro,:ouro{oanm rftoiqqrJ:vawilo{nqrj:va.:rir,tdrrfiu{orjrudtn arqrflunrntdur
a
oX
u:onr\EorJruamufluruavduonrufiaa uoiqprdrrfirlo{rutrfficfinrtdoor?nnarilni rfial,fi'fi,gfi
enraJ6
osn.:liil {rd uuo eirmr
16r
or
tJ
urJuriln0{rnrq$
v
AQt I r
| l
6
I r
SJrdrru.ril:cu1il?a{nT'qil qTJuu?nTruu{sll{ Fl nu tlj
.
A
fl a
n. ruJsmryJuxJlosffiiqu
fi8g morirb^r 16'rniqrtrnrufla.:m{quoonfiu g uilu 60 (fiEg urnirbr 2s27, 1s)
1
6odod'lu
.
Rril6 uura{qfu fi unr:rfi uunrnlfrfi dn:nnctnfrrd
grJdr.r ffnunrvoir.:1 virvnr[acdn11r{u?o6'ax
u.:nrr.ru
u1uo3.:1ur::umfiritlu
nrnfifrnunrvtnfrrdurfi'rcrllrfruoirmn
udhifi .uTunrvr ru fi auds
z. nrnfromtffis fiunrwiirduufiorfiautJqrnmrrJai{
ainniurqv{rvfrnunrvrdul uiofi
drdrg fino{.rr,rllrurfi#oytrftfl unr:dardau uavtfrrfi oar:unifiuuri{eiru
3.
nrilIoffh{uionrnfirulfido
rfl
ul
unrntoarur#umrair.h
fi
dodrr.rdnurrcfi otJ
ornra{q3{ nrnffiodlf;rflunrnil:rrounmdau lupuvfiudrgdnunita.,rgrJnrrr d.:Lfiuiirfrrlqfiu
::nn'jrsq:fiurin6au lilldrtri#0,.:enrlnnfiau€,: lrirfiurfraoiunrudc\ro?ludu6*.*nn
rfirufi
onlf
uu,nuun:corudrn u utatoa.:uurnvoru6orarir#u1firin r6auofild
il
rujsgnilrdailr
6uroa$ (Kinder lese: 1s2 dr.rlunrtg duTaru) ld'iruunaanlflu z :J:vnvr 6o
r. nr{qur':*ror lduri nrvrrrofrryn'nunfraionrnfi'orduu
rfluoflqnna
anufi
d.:m.r
a A
i . q .)U ,
14T0 t:oitTl?Yt ul' du lafl ? tlj
z.
nr{qur5o.r 16'uri ndqum:Ho1ualu 1 nrndr{orirdufiocartrirf,Hr{ufsioriiosfiuh
.E^.a^------!----
I - dd
(uill,lD g?llJ:o
,q ,^
[lJut?0.1T'l?0u1.36{rJ]JTil
iai
, j -n
frfrr5o.:rnsiotfrortluunral
v.q
a
d
v
a
I
v
c
C
. tr4s
A
a
2517: 33) [o ttaenrruutrunr5qu[5o.n4xrun.:
A
I
v
nm nrfquria.:arqLflunril?roft{rfiuurfiuufruqouny z-:
v
A
r
6
nfltnfiqu
nrnn.:tu
I
mirdofrurunu{ufiooionu4rnru:urm nr:qrufluorou (Comic strips) firnr$qru6adenuenrfiurie,"l
drtA
iSun?1m5qur5ar (Comic books)
36
dsJrnrJmrdnulfiurffurdn (Child Study Association of America; 'lddi:rornri.:fr0
nr6qulun.o. rgqg t6'uirnrSquoanrflu ro
rfio 6a @ecker
1e62: 4es-s06)
1.
rta.,rzuorgfiu (Adventure)
z.
r5o.,rzuorgfiu1uuouf,rufio.r (Fantasic adventure)
3.
Fammrgrnmruasnrfiud?u (Crime and detective)
4.
rio{ffiqa5.:uav:J::d6qona (Real stories and biography)
s.
t?amr:zuorgfiulurhlraqj (Jungle adventure)
6.
t50{nl5qt,t6{qi (Animal cartoon)
t.
8.
i
-q
'
I
iaar
A
e
v €..
tto{qan?uffu (Fun and humor)
Au
t5o{n?tsJ5Tr (Love interest)
i,
s. t5atmirqrnr:T[un??sJnn6An
(Retold classics)
)
1
o. t5o.rd.rfirrru (War)
n. ruJ.:enlflnmranud*miEutlU
an:?ru laruqnr l6'urimrSquiif iruriruturJ:ulil€ililuaonlfiu
f
larraar
r A'nrnrsda
(an::nr
zsoa)
1
. lflunrrûivrmlurarirrarft fiafi llr{nu{u fi$uarmudrjorri :rurJnr$ uacfl ur6ou Tou
mnrfl unrndonraft os nr:Ta:nnr lfludu
z.
durfiu
fiunr5qru3o{rduroutuqfuraiofi nr:siafirufiuriru drTeumnlflufiarnrorgfiu
unodsr uNfifiaanuSo6uuu:.rumqrnufirfian#quro.:siNil:yryrfl il6aarnfiamriluus#
IvnrTori rfiufiu
3.
rfiunr{quranrerGar uaru:dtuqfurdurriudo
lflueroul fiatqanmlffuJ:vnoufilu::uru uavarr6ul
ffunqnr{a:iuni{qu
ftnftui{osmrJxrira:iu,i.o#uru
zuamrelfiu
niu
nr{qu{"non
rar4,il
rfl udu
s. rnhrnr{rdt.nrnq
t*rn..'ndft {rtiurmrgtur6a.rnriquld{e uri.::J:vnmro.rnr{quCIrHfrngiled'{fi (nr{qu
fiailyrator:lniffu
2518: 37)
37
1. nrfqunr:dar (Political
cartoon,caricature)
2. nr{qu:J:naurSor (Illustrated cartoon)
c".
3. nriqufiulfiuvrou 1 (Comic strip)
4. nrfqrutarulr (Comic serial cartoon)
s. nrSqulerurur
(Commercial cartoon)
6. nriqurnfioulrar (Animation
.
7. nriqufrarfruu:{ona
cartoon)
(Critical cartoon)
8.
nr{qurJ:unaunr:dnm (Visual aid cartoon)
s.
nrfqurruu (Pattern cartoon)
miqufrrrmdhluft
rin
flo*nnfu rdn
r6aulu#udu1
raio
ufiuqflu.f;ulq rauiruufirfranr{qu raiaqnmrauorft.nn
fu ritov
monawio6onrari.,:fronr5qru.ntfrlunr:nauqft{ onrrufienrnr{qurdawatrinrteru ?irbioglun tS
autinrlflu,ilu?l.wtnfloaatrarxr1fiJ:snaunr:aou1r*Ttloir.rl (anr^nf fiiroieguavnruv zs06:
nnlfinr$qufiuiaqrJ:vnaunnaauduo{riuprj.naa.nu
eo)
*ergovda$qffiilrlfid rinriuu
qvda.ti{n1fror:rurgrrulunnqnrr,rnr{gu nr{quldfiudenr5rirfiuq:Jnxfir,rmaufifir]::fivr6a,ra
aejrsfi.:drr,rfir{id6eru'fir dsngturn*rm{ouav as
raunr:tfinrr,rnrfquludrufincinlru#r ufi,jrng
tu6atacdrudr nrvtm{quuco.ronunnmelaeh.naurul aehrl:fionxnrSqufiffi,irrTooqjnaftar.niu6o
eiur.iraulqtfiu.t#ooo. lutrorfinrnrhuftqool$rauleldxrnnir
(dlin:
zuarffiru 2s22: 30)
orrHeulqtfluflo{udrriryoiazunnr:riuuf frrrarnngld'do16onuncfrbJt#drlriuifinr:
aauldaeir.:qnfratunctrtncatud? rarhfianr{qufiarm:nfiurniadolunr:aoufivrm]:vfrvr6nm
ldoeimad.: rdurdurfruqrjn:nfoair.r6ufiurarn (rj:yfi
u
nfiruurer
25
1
8: 33-38)
ormrjsramulunr:zufi$ilfrdodrrnfurdn (eG
4rierc zszo, sz-zo)
1
.
rfi atrfr 16 neirurari.rfr
oldo air.rnriogrerrh uqnsru
2.
rfio}i'rdnhnrmirurfl ufi#u
3.
rfi alfr'rfi o nnru rn6 o rnfi
4.
rfl
uluoru.rni
fi a
uluduyrurnr:o aiNud.:
Copyright
rrr5fl rgrprro.rrdn
unr:6uaro.,rair.:
rdt:.r
38
v
s. Qs
[l4€t?'ltJ:
6.,lqnXo;ur:u
7. *frgdfu6umulnrr uavo?rlJ6od;1.rdT:ri
nr:frruruurriotrari.:fiaeirudrr,rfur6nfin:sriqrnr:{odu1ufl il.F1.2s10 nu'jrnr{qufi
e 1_
v c otv . q_q __. _,__ _._r.a---!_-. .Ft- -lf6ja*lf1
r T .6 _
u:ytsf,wJln n? rylJno:oir $flyuTnuTrf]:JfnTt{o?1rJ6{utatumT01ufiu{dan1:qil tuuYlli
{orrlaulolunr:rirurari.:fia6u 1 1r6a dqcnfiu 2s't0:
A
I
a
v
d
a
v
6
|
216)
.aa].
ai
,\,Xa
riouovnrfrorTuu rinrfruudrufrlfinor:eifi{fird.:da1tJfr6o
a
A qva
q
a
1.
tluilytalil[ony'l{14:0ton01u
2.
AA
3.
i
.aaq
d
I
,
(ru:rn
na{:}u
2s26:
B)
vA
AqnilU1Yr0r',l:€r1u{n{ [un1:t?uu14u{dafl1l4Turon
j iq va
iq r,a
rTo{Yttf,tluu nl:J1yr[flr1uu
ni{qurfl udonr:fi uunrdou6nsfi oild{d rumco Eirr fi .:tunr#qnh ulfi1fl udonnGuu
rfialfirln6uul6'fid'udrrulunn6uum:dourirurnfiqo (d.rn$ urn'lil6q
va
I
a
d
v
a
6
6
2528: 1e)
6
a d j
i.tlr.l,l,
lul4u.lda?r3Jv'ruav?lTdlTlJnqvtJRliln1Tqu n1:milflufl,Jnlnn1:qua{ruut:0{yrYn !o uJ
vAoXdr-ycov!
ulnun
oeTa{o?TNa1:nnruailm1:v$a{n1Tqilo?JrdrJ01 un?T?:J:?rJnlnn1:q%q13Ja1oilR11ttu0l41
t{rJ*naunr:nau (Shores
+.
1e50: 1e3
dxlufimg
duTaru)
nnilmnrdmfiulnfiumxolmrl
fnlrfiml,Eo{fJnf,uruormo
rafiurrtarnro r6addofiundNl fiu ttiu amr€ffiu ornr€fdnil:n dRnyo1nlflrflufiu
omrollflufiu tJanncamrd NafiuflNolnlrt flonrTunr:irufioudnrr (zs:z) ldrirUr$fifuvirillr
"tJafiuflNornro" tfrsn tfiurirlunrurd.lnqu.jl Air Pollurion
tinnr:dnsrilaruviru'ldlfr'cnrJueJruflo{;Jnfiumr.:arnroliraarufiouudruriu
Av
oi
v
ovfr r4o*vff ndr
drdruluni
A v
uofi.lfru niu
39
ilarfio
miSu (zszr, rz)
nrirtjr arnrodnil:n armorflufit* utonnncotnrofiufiu
(Air Pollution) nmu6.l dnrryornretfirnrarutqrfililfianoirsl :JnJuoqjlflu'irueutrnilodftnir
dusmusioir{mmo{rfl tao uurdo,nr6'amau6'rr:rld
ldQrrra-
ru:so ru rfruflr,td (zszs' rz) nrin'ir sJafiwn{olnro ururufit nr:fififuuil4n:Jaoa.t
sfiorudr u6ouarurfioluu::um'ld%on:i11{ dsarqfiu
qrufinuruv mvruucnarfi Lfluduqnuffim4u,ci
ciffi ffi qrduatu ryTo dtri
fi
n,r
fir
ilu
uruan uffa n6uo{u ra6olaluGxrru
fisd u5ofl5r'{r$Ruiiuloiiorqrflunrfium%nrt
qdun?:
d
a
i ,
r
| |
- a I
q:fi
l:ouor:uruuvi (zsrz' ze) nrin'ir rJafi:Jflr{olnro
a la
ou
r,tiofirtunfru1
t
'jr ornffifiu
ul.nufi{ n#fiairrutanrJaardrrfluanmfi:*rJvrJur{nm{u::urnroTouvnto::r.rm6 rdu4nnld:vrfio
b,firafirjr #alounr:n:nirmrffi*'',0*oun$axdoxfiur-tsMil&nnqwfiozuarnarueiam4uti
fir
f,or{
v6a{orqoir.rl
ryaffiTandrfiu? (zsr+: zs) 161fr'nrrrmrJruso${afinmrrornref drvrHre6{ nr:fiqnrnrn
m.rolnmQnr:J6uilu:Jadilorndnrn:JnfisnsJr::rJmfi Tosase{:J:vnoudrulordru"dorfiuu''ndu
raioaorbsar u5ofid.:ruJan:Jaau{nlrrJvrJuaqj rdu rJilrrufirson$raulooanlqo{rfirumndu
vrSo
rfiofirirqn#Jauilouanlqoi {uavaar 'too{uoirrl qufior{aduuraoiaqrnryraurfiuunvnr:W
:J:vlufii?arequd
qfiu
Ji a , X
nSuvrrqa
(zsr:, +o
) nein'ir Hafi:*mrmrnro umufis nl#ftdo,6r:Juluanro
u
,
' . , eo^ ..
'
sird{taailuualqolclu:vucnaruau-Emrufirinjurio}frfiordusnruil6o:lnrudofufiffiq crlxlflu
aqjodN:Jn6qn%a{d.rffisr :rrub.tdrarnfirialfr'rfioolil6uurusiorJr4ud 6irr6orluoir.r
{uavaa.:
nilrniu ffrrduqflu
1
n,rririf
lduri
uacdrrfiB{h.: 1 lfludu
ftl.ra ndurfu (zs:c: qe) nrin'ir Hafirimrmrnro umufir alnffififtd'nuilanilaorrdo
:Juoqluuinrulufrnuruvlu:vuvnarrfiurno{iqni{firfioduo:rrreiolrluri unyvrfiiei8uutoriolfi
fi
oo'rur6ooioufrorrg
ran:wusiodiqnlsJrfluaqjrouJ:vrnrn*r{rhJ
Copyright
6'ufi
t
40
t
a'lno?13,t113J1ugi1.3
al
o, a
i
d
fiufiu
,,
|
,Yrl
"l frnrirrHrUdrffien:ndflto'jr
a
a
A
a
| ,q
a
------
i.
---
tarrru?|.l{a1n1fliltJ'lun{RTlvvl01n1fl
r4
raSoar:ffu rJnJuluornrotenn il6anr:fiqrunrnno.]a1n1flqnt:J6uuuilnt
X
a
f, :
u.
af
l,
r Q ,
-e- ----.-'^61-e'..eu:aaouaua{aunatuno
lilqrnanrenjnfrqlilfi:TrJ{'lfrtoua,:nilTvnailGhuto6lxu14uirt1r{tJrJ'ln?u
fifuurJnnilaaru
I
v
d
|
q
a a
dusmusiarJq:9u
I qta
a
d
o
w da
4
Yilsanatl4noml3Jrooorol.l TlFtltu awJ,{nfftv7luoao?1tJ
nt dsti6 myy1iilu6lu
I
.ill
|
riluoriroqjrnmrfrlil
ll
-3-t
dsmrnrr0trq$unnalmfl MnN MilrMilfi
a
6
f
ia
nT{tvll\8J?1',luo:rljuntoitytNflulo
ilcrfiuwfrau
Q
r dr
tl4tu
tJlJTvf,1n5
I
Y'j
UJoln?l
6
i
v
n1U0}U
U'lUl^l',l?1Uvilq0l
z firudu uacri{fiT:{.rruqqdrun::sJo{nrutuuavroun?{tvr}rtJl4luordndrnilsJrn
.
{
r
a
Y d,6d'l-
o
luftr,tiora4vr:rJ:rnr:fua{vrr.rfidr14fioasJsa{npr14?lsJ141u€rluyrufi{fl
,j
r
'1
fifil:tnuo{hiahndt
I
3,000 [r.r
:nuavT:rlrufirfirduludr.: z flfinirulr tudorny6.: roz siofl r4r1fr'anrrcsJa'fiumtarnrol?o{n:;.t
rvnrrflnucmhquaqlr.ranrrvrarirurdurdurfiudaflrar1jdlrl niu 6nfiInfi6 am#m ntoaaauo{tqfic
(uatfrud
lnfir'
2s34: 3s)
rlrgrarxafir*vrNornldtun?{ryr}uJr4rufl:fiu fifrorynornnm$:?ato?otdrtin.:ruoruc
n::rJm:6i{il?odoruuvi.rnfi (fixonroiolufl 2s26) fi{$:xryiofi.rr,rm 7 dnrfi, lunjtln^muruo:
\v
I
tottn
1. dnrfifirin.nunrwnr:Nd.tuaodoelrd.ltr6
2.
anrffimurdung{uil:nurJ
3. dnrffivrmduqrirumrdo
4.
-
aY
d6
r
€
'
dnlUtlJTL*tUU5rU0flJ:il3
s. dnlfidnrrtd-nnl
6. dnrfin:ruqqfiulivrarqqxivr
7. dnrfin:Hoqfiuxinuru.lur
vA-Au"a,'
fr.lfianrfisnrtioqrunmarnrflruilLndaufira6orarirusmaril?t'lclo3rlnuwfiasmrio
qrull?{olnrodn drnr:riluuolostrlr5oonrnr^nlnlod dofiornf;nnordfidldru 6o r6onuinufi
4l
6
|
a
r
v
rava
w
I
I
t
6
3i
ffiuurnci.lqrutu fi:J:vmturJflrifi.rruuanffnordaa{uururiu o$nrdurNfiftnr:eflq?dud{unu
:Jilrrunr:o:ro:q.r ftomr6rdamaurirlfrnr:r';:rruornrofildfiou tmco'lortq.:en:o:itfiovn.l
nndoqotn:cudarJ l#uilnnr:qflqraclflunuuuclu por:roio4nnoovfifrnr*r*vd.:fincirranufir
unduulqoorqfiffauqndnoqj:irr uactu
vl4eAa
e,,
A
il.61.2s30
a
otr{nr:errudrrufia:nrjr.rrrvrvro$rlu (tori1
-v
-
uvi.r
d.:{onrfitusifl n.o.zszr orngrufforyadroiaufir{qvfinllalg:nifuaarxr:ncfl
-a
ff.r16'lrfroruariuar.p6'rureriasfioonroqnrnlv{arn1fl6n
omliudn
:
fl rgraruafi
r*nnolnrdfl a{n1lrvrrrmarun:lddrriatJd
s {;o uonarnfiftfianrfiq:'rqiosomat
d
tufl n.o. 2sz6-zs2s
$rilrivrarduTqrfiinldrnudt{rfiurmrgmrfiudradr.r{unvao{?ro.r
nTttyt?IrJ141un:1:Jirnnvriraralitntn PAH @olycyclic Aromatic
nnrnrrlrafrr{anrituavrflun#riolfirfiorT:nllcr6.rilarudr
'jr
Hydrmarbons; dtfiorom
rdu rnnnrulqlr{iu uavalnnrrewrar{u
a{ulunXrrvnrmaruenfiar:naeirdoglu:vduiirylndrdu.:ri:run:Tqfiur t'ofuldru'ruenrl'jr
nnqonraloraraluavaa.:tunTuyrv{rJ?nun:rir1frLflubnrucr5{ usiuao.:1frrfiu'jralunvoorlun?.:rynl
naruonrlrufru{uiifiduvrruoiaqtnrnluua'ruynl uavd'rflrgrarfi6a nr:tfirdoyrdsdfirire.rvfruqr
riunnrzudr,rfrd#om6.rtu:nausi d*AllfinrrduuaclsTgnor$raudr.:1 dnn$.rr.funru{unvaarlufl
v{.r1.2s30-2srt
ddltino.'uo*n*lnr6iourofioruuyism6sn?oilufiuilnng'h
einr:J:vqth
*.rr*
uliur6 unvnuufial firJ?Hrrua{uavaa.:qrlrnrrhil'lCIr51uenn lourqy{rflSnrxrhqfirfilFHrru
mralunvaattqdn o.s, fiadnfudoqnurdfiLNsrr drurlmnrfifiGmru{ur*dafir o.og fiafinfr.r
viaqnuroriwor: (eirruror:gruqnunilalnlfl :Jfu.nrunJuavoodldtilrfiu 0.i0 fiafiniadoqnrrrrri
Hq:)
firqo6rourrauonlrsi Lflufi'rqfiLififl ndu unvrcr ufinn'irornro fioqrnnr:f,uorrrjfi
lrierug:nitasr#onrfu rfiarnrarulqrfirl:Jfl'rqfiqffi?HdrriudllTnafiulurfio16oouorldrurnn'jrffiq
oonfiteufit 2oo-2so Mr rirlfrrfioornr:fiu.c.r oonfirqulurdaonoa{rarquurroufiornr:uxoafi
arnrol:I#atrlrldtrina 1n:niiirfluunaofiaorirtnduaqjudr) rfiomrnfir#fifiuadi,rrdn:ril6uunc
rfiolwir#finr:o:rq:ilurudu 6ildfioirlrq:grr.rdrufuflrrfitn:rum16r1ud?.:#u *drrauol{tri
fiu
so finfinfHdaqnurofiHq: rfiorfiud'roeiru d.Iuo unsdrrurrdrrirrauolfuirfiu
fia6nildoqnurorir&r$:darfiudrodlr
r
zo
d.Tuo
42
a'rnzuannn:?qiofirtorrfu ouauonlqoilufl vr.o. zs26-2s32
fi
antfisnrq{oqrunrn
arnrolunl:ryrn3J141l.mfladnintrun**n'',rd.urodailuvi.:srfiris z anrfi nu'jrhifianrflo
idfi:.6rurruflrqor$JoJ.nJauonlq6irfiurhmqrqT{
usidTai':Jnnq:rEiorl?trrufirsor6uautouonlqoi
1 rdu airr*rl:vqrh ruiueB uavurtrir4 vlu'jr rJilrufirqnrilau
uauonlqcilufl lr.rt. 2s31 rfildunnfl rr.6f. 2s3o p6u 1 fifinnr:JduuurJa$inTouqvfienra.rrfrH
6xr#uilNnuq:1a:ornlosir.:
fiur#u r drTmoqi:vwjN 0.s7- se.o fi afinft.roia6nulortiuJer:
I
Q ,
a
u1u?{r?u1.rh4ru
i
4
q 4
4-----4-ee.----T^s-.-'^61-?.e
nuufly{:uur uncnuufiaru lfludnu?,.*rfi#fiuutTtiuriotfr'rfiorunfru
yr1.io'In1fl rflnvftnr:qflqriluruilusraaor?al
ffrnr:elq:ueru ftoror:0.:6onuurirtrfrnmrvulu
Vra
alnt€l[No1'{0
nrfir
rua.:dud
(zs:n, 35y'lddofr.#ornq'jr rfiasqrnnNryrv{il14lunr:rflu6o.:fiftornro
iaurfiauritfl ,^rr.uduouurflunauniqruianroEn{6.:qon'nariau'ldd uovurîftfrorrliauldniu
riu doriruSiamuud't:Jqaooeflunuu larfiu:nuuddrfiiauaeiu#r :vuuaansJl:J:vnoufiuornrcruu
nuufi{oufirirftaoud'lprdufiu d{riu ffrqor{uaulouon'lqoiuunuufiqvaoudrldqurn 1 fitarn
nnyoaorrfiufiaodrmrnrolufl n.cf. 2s2e qrnfieiufrufiuaufimleJqs:J:vlrrx
fiauuaunr{unvnuuu:cflxfi
o
12 uJsr? (6n
q,fu)
0n66irsn q?r'r.r$ ruail:rn4'jr otuft.rfiutorffitor{roulo
Ydal
uon tsouvruqvruilawiuilHotumnorruao douar.:1fr'rfiu'ir
ild{qrnfirqnr{ uauruouonltoinn
ilriouoonqrnviolorfiu:nouof,uf,l fi.,#rurud'rzuarfi'uornroldrfluodr,sdunvdubtld'qouln,grd
I
w
a Z
Y
I
i
e\vu
o X
v vA w
tv r
4 fu
s fito5urJathjfllÎo"| nu4fiareTuaqnrrar.: louramvatol:fl{ 'l viruru
o1€luaHiluerntu
catfirrnuu drnilqn{orua riqnao nal
.
Jq
dTrqvn? luil?Tulnlfl
q ? u
i ^
.1, iqr
, Qp i
6a d
^ At0{?u
ff moalnqff]?yt
[tzudrJ tul{ltJur1Ju{t$1
tilto:o{uuslroutTUil
raiarirutunr:1o:vrfiomsth*u rfirthfiurzurlrafftin:nuudanqvfirfiqv:unauoanmriulordu nr:
trd.fint*',nlouramvffur6norq?ir1fi'arJovfinnluflr,tqifianob:'arumnr6uorun
d
v
,
J
"-
a
.]f
a
uav::lflrJ:cdryl
I v
nrnuqno ulit$vn?ulr riu zq ffr h.Nff osiaflurdxd urfiinnrfi ufira eir{ duaco os
zuanr:smry:orJilrruqcfirfitdqrnanrfismo{oqnmmornroluusiasanrfi :un'jr.fin.o.
zsz6- 2s32
t{rh
iliilTuqnhfdsma{o16'aq1urir.: 0.01-3 lllnrniilsioqnurefiiwvr: uayehr*du
43
;irrrUfvt-d
T1U1J0U:U14?1{
9t
0.2-0.7 ttJ[O:n:tJSt0AnU16lnHSn
Et
no.r:hcrilolflaidrirmold druiunqmoiorJia{rruar:srrhona.rlooirq
ft.nfiunr.:nrmno:tufl n.o.
2s27- 2s32 lru'jdirurnrei:srvrirftsirn'juror:yuqrml?\ornlotuumurnro nofifiar:srvr1?tu
u::uinrooqlurnrunfiqsrrjrnodul 6a
tufl n.o. 2s30 uac zs:r srrlrirdu
U f
v
I
t
2.zs uJtnrnflJqaqnumr{uJsrr
f
fism:rr
fieirrqdu 2.2e uflv g.or lsiT€ff'stJoiaqnurofinrn:
eiru:J:vqplr ueiuo6 uacnuufial fieir1n6'rdstriu:fl'irs r.ogQ a
loulufl
d6
A A
ra
y{.r1.2s31 fir-Bmrurfirudumnndrfl
a
y
a
zs:o rfiu.:rdnrlou
druno6ul daiinuuqqruim uneir4 n:vTsus 6fn4u6r?1u :J?alrrudr:qvfrrfiururTrhraoilixrrua.:
riaun'jrlufl n.€f. 2s3o fidrradua{tntlN
0.8-1.s lxlenn*JsiaQmnctriuJen
nr#ai:qvff?tu;1
futuufiu fir,rasionr:aoar:qvfrrtuilrrurnroaairdda,ra unv6.:ufi'ir:J6mrudnsrrrirtuu::urnro
?a{n1rvr}rrJ?nucl?
arfiu
ovfi.:nrfilriqsrinft:nafifiornr6ornr:fiovaol6l'',*rrfi'.tut1'''liuuufiunrn
o.c nirJdafiqn
nrulufl
zsgz uncrlada 0.1s nfr.rsiafisn
anruafiumr.:arnrodr6u
l
zsgg
1 dfin,'trmo{o 16'uri firsfaMo{tooanlqd
loaonlqoiunclalena do.'tnnrrroqiodanrfi#s
'jnJimrufirm?.:
lufl
tfiotiaglu:vu,=:rsiren
z
uvi.: uavorrqooir.:
6 n.o. zszt-zstz)
o.qs
firqluTq:rqu
1 ie.n#uvrr.rnrrafler
oeirrl:frqreJurauwvralqrgrfiux
fiivrri (zsr) ldnrhrdsenrffirasorufifioiaormolunprmnrumuorjr
?{:J
rlnr"r
o6ufiu1unT{ryr1,{sJ14ruo:
frerrjrlusr#uoanna'lit uviourqtmvn fiqoraruloranamneriufiunmrflor hidrqvrflufildu qsfr?
sriro{u
unvalunvao.:oin
1
r{rhJqniu loaenrruhifiir.r Toa,irvnnill TorErorrsJrqrl*o ourdu
raftrirtfirfia.rdruriourvirriufirruruudu*r'rrunr.rdrudrm
drsrnr:tfirirn:0.$omlet
nlnn:a{arnlct drfidrun:arnrirunvalunvoasurotur!fi.:whfiu drufir,JfiHqir 1
uavaJuavoasurotfinannl
'ftosairun:vorr*a6aufirnrnlurirriu
r,tSorafir
t mv,ir
riiar{rrlaoqwirtfr'rfiodusnlu
daurildu rafiu T:nvntrdurareita 4fiurfr uavilcrS.nJoo unvff.rnrindn'jrfirrfiu'lunilryrylsJnlucn
tlup,to
unvrialfr'rfioffuvrnaoiaqrnmrffivrtos{ou mnn'irflrsfi#rfiorilu tucsoamilluJoslfiu
ffi{uan
a:?:flu fisrdffiuc
(zsra' a
d'rrffiu n?uvrnqa) nrirtir
rdurri'ucnrrvurodoxor:aeiNEidiqvdderdrrwhcduil:cnxdnm
errttltfio fr'ouerfi
ntililqd
nr:r?Hdu1finr:dnur
rfioair*rnn]qnfufif,u nqfin::r.r
nr:rin
Copyrightrir}i'rfionr:qo#uilfifiqin:nurluffiq
un4rJuuufiruerlsdsJ
44
druSreiarrrflunr:6n'ir*a1'fr:1ona{riurfiulquavtdfrrnr:rnriauaatriul{auudralndRlv{u?odatr
fl
o{rentot d.mvfi ru4firlfrrfi oonu{t urnuavurnurinr::Jfiiufflunrurafil
qyrfiu*ld,jrflrgurmfir*vmolnlrflifnpryrrryHurun:fiuiuovninlxprus.:du4nfi uastfr
nndnu,rurirdnra3orunflfifiridstrfimsncirrlru#t tuflcqcfi,.tnoionr::Jqnfilc{ouoA;i6 }frrno
arurfvrr..rdrurodol ;utdurirti'orarar:uenrlf olilfiodl.r
1
nlodoo."fraru :alfitnr:uriflrgrar
vrrdturodaru olrufnarirdframreYunr:riuuflcrulfiafi:lrgrgr nr:oo,ir uasnmrvdntd du16'rri
fra4aoirr 1 n'lod.,u.r6'oe.r
isnr:rfiu:ru:rufra4a nr:iflrn[dofiu nr:fiuratr:J:vr6uvntfuuro6'0ru
rJ:ccunrrrfi ilqrefi Tenrafrtuarndnnn fudo.rare1uolrufiHrfiu6::nn'itirnrn6oorao#oirt
1
rldilzudtuliul4dlu cl isnluf,n:$rcaildxrdufivrmnr: (Interdisciplinary) rfiorffu eniilfiomu
uoouia Concepr vrrrd.:uro6'0ru Tou {'Guuldrfi ofisxumr{dfifl
fra4a1:}eqnd"lfi1uffi ffJ:v'iriuld (16lor..1 5qulfofiu 2 s3s:
5.
rgrgrrfi
onnfiauf, unvrfirlq ilr
3)
e
-- l.l
TltNlllflmeemnannat
.ruidutr:Jfirilfl
nr:d{roarftdaeirurJrrroldrrafur6n LflufiaulqffuaaiNn{rsnr.: frrrinnr:dnur rrav{
A
va,
q
6
|
,
,
A
Atrv.
u A
5{ 4
I v
v
û
r{rnflruilrttnu.rnaronmulu:Jiyryrouffidmiryrvro*'tdrirnr:iftJfimfi:J6atdtflrtdn**uqnsirsliu
rdu nr:dr:rqnlleulo nnfinmeirfiuru orueirro.:rarirfro mcnr:dnnrrfiurfiurj:vf;vrfinrnnr:
A
v
vA.
r
r
u
ou Ato-
,
ou AA
I
q
1
a
t:uilg?a$nu{d0u:vulyterl.:1 o{zuanmauilrd?quauflatLu.3{1u?Quilmu?fl0{aan[.Ju 2 u:vu]m n0
1. .nui{uturj:yrvro
2. $ui{utudN:J:yryro
ainr rnrmnau (zsoe:
zg)
lddn:*rorr.rnulqtunr:durou6nmu-raf.: orq r-ro fl
nu'jt 16nrn a uavr6nrar!.:fi otilaulqlunndrurari.:fianr{qulri uvrnsiNfiu
rJ:va.:ri a:8vrf
(zs r s,
la dr{tuft mo urob,r6or:; lddnmrGuurfi uuzuaftiqndl*p
r6aufftuolrurfirtqro.:finriuu qrnm?Eiuuri.:flouyrriElunrerdsnq:r 3 :Jfiurilda uvr6e$fifiusi
rqmvdrdnua#ru 1 uvrriuufifidrdnmrJ:vnaudnunrnnr{qu ua:ruvrriuufi4nriioGauflunr$qu
45
6aflu:cdu#uil:vnffin:*rflfi
r
aranr:6nunJnng'jrrin6uufieiruuvr6oufirynttaslflunr{qur6a.:
L,
v v
v a !,
"r i"r I
unninriuufreiruuyr6uufffiusirqilrvd?dnmdru
4 -s--
4 ,--^-,4^.-.-^--r--.-^.4---.det^
1 oufiamftiqn6rrtnr:tiut,l$ndruil6uufrfrd?
dnilfiJ:cnaunmn#q%uaninriuurasrovfiruadHqyrfnnnr:riuugn'lrrinGuufliuotiNfiriudrdrg
il].tdfia
qrrir d6a.h (zsre: sr) kifinu,rcrlraulqlunneirurarisfranr{quna.ninr6uufifiorq
ro
fl
e-
naGsriuurJ:cnrJfin:flflnr:6nur zsrs lrurqnilril?reJuluorT 'iruru 662 nu nlTnil??tJ
faqalfuuuaaunrxmrilaulqlunneirurarirfranr{qu rr{ardrurnrhfionrnnr{qu:rl
ro :J:cnyl
ruanr:i{u:Jnng'h n{rudraeirfifirno :vduorq uncolfima{{rJnenowir.:fiu fienr$rnulqlunn
,irfu rir 1 tl :a.:armda il:unvrfi
d.:6nfru f,o{:J:uuaro drr,rfirrinritluruduarq e
rari.ofronrnnrfqurJ:vrraur::uordu6aurhfiafivnumndqo
ufi.:fl
anrnr{quoa n'irffufi
rfi
ur riuffi qnJft ridumnfi
q:r*iivrri ru fivrqr
rinrtuurvoiuarq s
fl
uac ro
fl
eulo
fl
ouls
qo
(zsztt+z\ lddnurnJiurrfiuuloarneiumoao{ Fuuqrnuli.{fianrn
nr$qudrfifrnl*ilcfiunry{nr{qufirirumurarJ:vnaulsi'nrv{
drunrjlnruqrulffr6uufiungrJnfi r{a
nrfiduafllddrrari.rda:Jfinaunrnnr6qufieirsdu firJ:vfrvr6nrnq.:rroiio:nirblfaauloi ua:n{ru
m
oaarfi
am
f,Hqvrfvrr.:nnr6uuq.rn'fi
rJ:vra?g
n{xo?llfl}l
ilq:,6d (zszz:rr) lddnuruJiuurfiuuzuaftiqvrdvrr,:nr:riaulrroirua6x
:J:vaunr:sriffisrtarfinriuu#uilrynldnurfld z Toutfinr:aoudrurafiifronrnnr6quriunr:aau:Jn6
zuannaroaouJnn4'jrn{aryronasfirtuud'rurarirfronrvrnrSguldovuuuzuafiruqvrfvrrrnr:6uuf,q.r
r
I
ia
,
n'jrn{ru erru q&rfi 6uudr E;efnr:aouqrrJiln6
aain: a.ra'irgrg (zszz: to-afi lpifinurfispJuuuromrnni{qufifirunoiann6uufirog6n
rinriuuxdurj:cnxdnuriloulfirXnr6uu'f;urj:cnrJdnrflfi
1Bo
2, 4 ufly o tulrornqtlrvururuo:,iruru
ou r.ratJnng'jr rin6uufifiruounvn{mrqfiuqrneiNliu r^fiodn:yrrarirfionr{quoir.ruuufi'uu6r
46
a.ranr:rtur.rfriu:Jnn4drlriuvrnsirsfiu uanin6uufifi:uoiu#usinfiufizuann6uuf unurouRlll
nr{quuornoiNfiudru
qfior ar45nr$rursil (zsz+: c) 1d14rm:i{ur:J6uurfiulnranr:riuufnrnuthfionmnr{qu
To u
r6uufi:l oguavfierudr usrruo{v{u'irrf,.rao.:n{Hfi zuannr6uuftriuensirsfru
lvrmv riarffi (zszc, eiailildoeja) tdr4rnni{uorrJeulqsionneiruvrirfranrvrnr{qu
mu6nlunrnqv{uoanraqJ:vwrnlnunu'jr rfindrulr,tqjauleeiruutf.:fianrnnr{quuanareiru
rari.rfiolounr:rade.ru6oeiruornfia.rerlor
drugrJminnaruthfronrunrSquiir6ntau6o rrm#.nr,nor6n
(r: x ra r.x.) lflunrnd touuuarur#u$an tfiEiru::ulo#u1 *LUu
druri.:fiouur.r6'rfirufi
fforeu dntoleirurarirdonriqumanrufiu.nnlfir,rdufiuradr r6a.:fiq6J:nnaro 6owt[oo::d 6at
AA
A
v
d u u A
i
j
v
a
4 v v
z r:arnurffurvrnfiururflr.rdud'l
Qsrr.r uayr:0.:duo{fl?ruriluailouyr
$ffircn
i6---.51^^,--.^-^Y-4
6
: naqfirdnaulodruraritfranr:qu
hnulqcirrurd'l'ldrJ:clurni ri.stud'ruriurfi .r uavenrlf
druuxru r[6Nr$ (zszo, wrdodo;'ldrirnr:i{u6or "nr:d$Nrari.:fiofimruiaun:o.t
:J:rrounrn drrnfrrrXnfiuu#urJ:vnrdnmflii z" tfin{rudroeiN
qrnl:{6uudsfionptyr?\,J141uen
aranr:i{urJang'jr n{H{vr:rqruldra6a{rfiu?flrg :J:v6u:J:cfinfinrnaq1u:v6'ud n{rucrg{aau
imnru,rlvru tu#u:J:vnlfinurflii z rj:vrfiurjxEvrfinrnrari.rflo aulu:vd'udrioaooriar usifiuun
pl
fl
uvr:ft{ (zsra: zr-ar dlslufirtg 6uTar) ldrirnr:6nr*r6arnr:6n:sruud
ulam$nlnhmar
1.
HJ:.J
uuu riuuiirin 6uu#urJ:nrrudnur$ouilar
uav
utal ap zualtfrfuti
flouR1?\rirumnfiao nruu:urfludusiufi z uacnrilarur#urflududufi
:
2. fi rounrnuu',oduuuurrumfirflududufi r tounrnrn-sirLflududilfi z unvtou
dA
6 u u A
RllIdtOU?tlJUoUOUYr
3.
3
lru'ro tounrvwrotrnqjfiuuronor.:hiqir.rfiusJrnfinTousaun'rn?urohqjmnn'jr
Rrlmurnnnlrrfindrunrilqurer6nqaurfl ua"uduqofr ru
47
.rnri{ueh$hurflo
iqd Wiffy
1e41: 100-10t)
nl'hluourimrlur6n:vdu q,s,o fiola.rau1q1u1afi.:fr0
nrfquhiuornsiNfiruau dru:vdun:o z,s bi'irufuatarrufifdn'irnr:eiruufi.:fianr$qurflunr:r{n
aioura eioulqti
d,uluui r6nfiouldnurfi roudrur.rrft flanr{quo qjldriou
mSr'lori (Thorndike
Iounndn:i,rrfiorarsa.nari.rflon#qu
Q
vA
C
U
v
|
e
rxr:
rro-rrr) ldreuozuntrunr:ejuuri.rfianrSqufdfisior6n
aLiudri:.rdrfienrruisxri'w.nnfiqoluuoiacrdouluroufl n.fl.'re40
| r
tt
a v a
i
r ao v
6
lurarftfianriqurft c arh :Jnn4'jrdrr*drdrgda nurnriqu uyruT?u:ru uilrqrol funu'jrfirirftrvr
a{rJ:vlrru 10,000 eir ua;nrafl'jr frrrdnn::HorfirtJdrur.rrirflonr{qru6tuur#o fiovaun:nf,
eirdvrviornnnrirulftnnr,ral fiur6nrinriuu#urno c
uia ,
fi..,ntr rfirlrrlnfrunacjvrfu oeififiu
enanrfidfioqlumsnJ::ririu raialurnrirfiarirl lUAufiurirdnvidrurunrurftnry*Iousn{ unv6{ft
rirdvrviduUanlraddrrafil6naeirflu,iruturn dsfiri:,rirrfludda.:nr:saq6n tun#ovrfilrir&rvi
durfluanenornnr:eiruurirdanrSqu qcrflunr:rfiil:J:ceunrrsfi1um:eirusardntuferriauriuu
rnia
ufiudiu r6rnvdu:J:vnll fi nurdovrfi 6uu1u:vo=u#uffi
Trud 1soo"s
1e44:
aH
finursiotj
zia-zu) mooa.rfiufinriururno 5 uay e fuar
qoo oru loutfrehu
rari.:fionr{qu6ot Wonder TV'oman dofiuidtodurfilffiquayzuninufloir Elara Baton drrafrr
^^r^-^^-.--9-?-,-------,"rrrq'-jt
nqiln?ilqiltl4aluullllt:uuffnrJo'l
,{anT:yroaa{ilfln011 lun1:iloaa{frt{t|:nouul.t1,ltq1iufl0{nqrJ
ilona{q{rrhncuurusdmom{ronuqmqj ro-:or uoirfio}i'n{renuqrueiruurftfiani{quriluJfln4?l
ncuuumrdau*d z 6rdurrjrrfimieitfiriudrdrg
Yl
A
orvuuulri4.:n'jrnisu:nmnfin arnnl:vrodotuaor.:trirfiu'irrarirfianr{qurirulfrr6nriuufdn'jrnr:
IA
alrurlrut:uuffn8Jo1
tntta (Gesel
.r.qst
rrz drrlufirtg
6uTaH)
'lddn:*rrfiurriunrnilaulqlunneiuvfirfia
dadt6d,al
nrnnriquto.lrfinottl s-te fl vru'jr rdnorq s-e fl touqg:JnrvlnrSqu fio'lremururadqveirunrfl
--q
nriqu
et
qu
A
Copyright flby
Mahidol University
fionilau"lqunyolrufratnr:qrqoftoveiru
r Qgq
6
uav6o.,:nr:-lfiouduejulrft{.: rfinorq z-a
a
a
Q
.
'
48
rnritfran#{runay6rueiru'tft.nn,rdrqctou#oraritdani{quundru6iar;rttuannJfiuufiurfiaudruorq
e-16
c!
v
a
Q Q
I
vA.
t
6
v
v
i
Q u
6
I
-
u4
6
Elitdula[un1T01u14il.36l0n15quilmr{unu uacu{lril11ron{1utu?uTuowauilu.lflon.lTqu
rAva
,J1nm1tnniluil{
9s
ftwn
(Russel 1e61: 214) tdfi:?enwirulhurnrhfionrfqu:Jx'irrnqjrirulu o.rt.
vru'jr nr:eirurari.rfranr{quftonrldlr{ufriuf;.:nxuac6isurodomardn
1e61
vr:rv'[uraqj:iruii{,..tnt*o
ftnulfifroa rdnqvaulqeirurari.rfianr{qurJ:vnmrsrurnrrrJrfin druluraqj:irufi{:Jno:o.rfigruvd
6
|
v4,
6
v
|
9y
I
tonaynaila1u14lt{6{oRlTlnmquil:cu]ylflu?lu
mv t}lfnlrJ?
$$
n{:u{ (French 1ss2.
so-es
fislufirrg
duTaru)
vryir r6ntuarrldr.:fi'u sounr,{eir{fiu
AugrtvrraududAa
ngtounrnfifru#aumnn'fidn:*nrsiru 1 drur6nrin6uuo4ura un:ninriurunro r fufiorel 6 ?r?u
A
n{n:o
qttc
v
|
e
v
r
.
t
a A a
r a )
5 fauR'lulantgilJ.3]u dl udo.r[14r14u?1 rons{uoltluoufloljRllranuna{lu dl 3J'rnn?'ltonTl
x
alrlq.rm
Bam:a (Hildreth 1e58: 524 dr.:lufirrg 6uTaH) 1d'dr:rqonxculolunr:eirurordn
sr
u un
vt6nuf lar q
e- t
q fl lurJ:v rvroft nqu arnrJnn4'jrr6nm
u ua
vr6nur!$a unc e s aulqlunr
drurari.rfianr{qu
fivrulu (Pittman
1es8: 23s) lddnurdvr6vrnsioulx{fionriqufifiviardn arailnng'lr
rarilflanr{quftdvrGiladodn Touarm:nnJderuuilaqerfinnrnra.rrdnldoejrqnn rin6uufieirufir
ratar6nfililournt6au qaoooulinFuurnneioll6':J:vlertrisionr€irulari{fronr5fludnu
ernzuanr:?{urfr{turj:crilorKvsir.iil:vrilflfi\tdn6inmudr qvrfiu'irilfi{6aeiruil:yna:t
drufil6n hi'irqvlflwarftfiod.tffirunmiru raiavrrirfiafivrruri:ynarnrr^r rarftfiaairurJ:rrou6u
annr:i{sdturnr6nfienrxaulonriqutiotuuru,flupJnrvrunvrnri.:fionrnnrSqu
1
*urr.uiirnl,
jqq € a r I
.a-.-.i-.--'..-.-.j
v e
, i . d ia 6 6 |
riuulugrJrruudul filfinriqurfludrurJrunou unvd.:riuvru'ir rfrarirdafffinriqurfludrurJ:cnauhJ
,
6 a
aA X j .rl , a a v A
1c4-.---.+-.-...-.r'. .s--^--4-,--' - a
a
tYtunrl:ulauav?or{nffiJqilD7n{nrr:uu mnavrln'trJ?rfisJqu N0il1bjuj5uurfruufludonr:r5uu
!,
Copyright
fvr.mn6uusJmndl
:J:srnil6ur#2 r6nfi onrruaulouavfi
a.raf,llqfl
49
uonqlnduftfioeiru:J:nraumnnr{quffrarlr:ndruso'lurdaornurs6a.:tuuri'rfrauuu
riuulfrn{r.rsr.rodu
,fiaffiurufirlqiru{u fifintrstunnt{fiaueir
uaunr:*rn{.nfirdu afr.:fif;u
frinndru innnffuo{r viwurnr:eju lfrorrruf ortxrhrtfi.r doal*n*nrourmn6r::x rfiorffir
afrtqruo::ruIour6nbifArrirdrnnv6a"iufi.rfioflfrr6nur6orvr6urtu rffrhirflufisrflufiudrrair{
eirunffudrrffilflfr r6n1fi nnrirlfr rfl ur.trivtsmi6ndns
I
ulm
3
-da
-o
mm$$mmos
av
"-X
a
a
nr:T{er66{fi rilunrfi{urdaair.r unvnoaarlfirarftfio$aurnas:J:snaunr{ni{$ut+a.r
rJ:vnr6n6 rfiordtrnrrxfrfiarfiurrafitmxomlo drrafurinriuuiu:Jxnndnurflfi + fiofiunr:
i{urfisvroaa.r (ExperimentalResearch)Iou{og:Jrmnomr:i6uuuuaa.,rn{ruToriorunvufrtnona,l
(The Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design)
'f,t
t#
1.
nTt€lntr1fl03.tar!0{q1r
IJ
t nn*h.:,,rri.sfiadurjxnar
ffii:airrfiw.urlu#urru
ffifinr:ahcnrhfiaeirurj:ynail d.rsialilil
a,erZv
2. nr:afrsrarhfroeiurjwnou$ncmluioil:yfivrinl
3.
drsiohJii
nr:rdqrurroSo.:fi
JI
flnflM
r
atunr:i{u
z nr:vroaartfirarhfiodru:Jxnou ffi6nr:vroaastfirari.rfiadu:J:rrou
-,Y'i
o{qatuu
'r. n{rrdrodrflfilununona.l
2.
i
a iqra
tn:a.:tJoyt
[tlunTYloao{
3.
d.
4.
nmtnfluunatJa
I
a
?Soltuun,lTnoaait
adv
(nunvrduo6'.,r uao.ilfluunnqfi
fi a
5l
I
v^v
iilo$mTnas
.t
i
(d?uYt
1)
ufrnaq:
ru
ta
Qp
u
qilanirt{uanqqr
uill,lnndau
d
$1JUI:UU
nT4UOO?1'JO9mUU00
tCdrt
nou:u6r{nnl:r:u11?
fi'lu18la1a'.|n
nnd'liivll.1
lflnTiolu
n:flJnTrfnuqr.r
Aa6
?vtu']uv{l{fi'
av
a
d{u?oaail
9a
mgzuYl:{nfu?0r
qttt
rin,tuordrTomGa.r
alnd?acnrn40minl
druuonrnil:ynau
un4ftd z
#uqtounrairnr:-i{Elrfi{iloaon (Experimental Research)
52
*unaumr?{u
.
-.1
(drufr
rnrhfro
vroao.rlfi
eirwj:vnou
riaurJiurJ:;
z)
rruuio
rruu:J:v6u
:J:vRvrfinrvr
erlrrfisflolq
AV
N1:TTUU:E
uruJ:v6uqnmrn
wt
vd
?lu9t0u7r
4v va
nr:m onot lfi,tfitfr
eirurnri.:fr
rir
,,on
ad
z
a
2
odruilrm ou
rir uuuyrodou
un:J:y6u n?rlfiwrolq
(sio)
#uqaunr:tirnr:t{urfiffofl0it
(Experimental Research)
g
)
firqrailff
va.
.u
1
I
v
d
'
nrdir.rl4rirfiaciruiasn:o{:Jrunounmnfqu
r,rlhfraiiafudufi f;nr*nryfi urarisdarhcmilar:uir.ufi
,
i qrr,
X
.r
($aanmt) :Jrrraunrnnri,,v'u
t
t
,
|
!
6 a-
- r
n
rodfi
o
f,r1.i?turfla[fl01uil?cnounnrtuunr:doru5ouafir*vn1.:0m1flfifi060..1'ir ":J:sfir6n6" drufrrfru
raîoYa
:J:vnruflnrnfl
ff + fi ffuqounrmfr.rftfi
^vlY
1. fmflntsmo{ntlJa.lnu
1.1 dnmnaru6oi?:.ruoo prJrme{m:r6auf
q
4
,
v
tv
uncrdour amufrnqsnil:msr
ra
ict
u
6nrn qvmdmi 2s21 (arTu:Jfrr:Jp ?\.F1.2s33) uzuunndau uavdfionr:lfrr,rfrnqor: qilldnflfl
2s21
(sfu:JfrlJp n.Ft2sr) r,rri{fla6uun{Hairtuail:J:ca:rnnn[ffiq lurarirufi z dsurodor
vnrnrunrn#r.uj:vnxdn:nfl
fi
cmlnr'-rnafl .:6nnninr:
1.2 dnurfforyavrxitrnr:drudsunorfraru
a1nnndufirfiurfro.:1r+4a.rm1rJ14rJ1u
uanJrunfl?otdturofioll nnrudrofufnasn4urifiu6i,ru?ofioil mrJdldruflo{a1nrd nrin:gr
qornTlalmfl ffi n4qm{flsuill r{anrfludailt4:*Ei uavuu?yn{rufi'lb
1.3
dnurvrnfinnnafrcafitdaeirwj:vnar loudn:*rernrnn'nid,fi u'rriunr:airr
ni.:dor6n nnair.:rarisfiarffimjxaunmrrl rj:vrnvrrarirfladnnj:vnoulu:Jtv6uenrmaruru :J:vnvr
?rJ*, frn:rilg
qrililfrnioiil
radnnr:airr nmrJtufiu uft{oafislfrn,tlirsdxfiuisr onranulo n?1erfro{m:
ene o{
6n1fn r6uu#urj:cnil dn:*rfl
fi
c
1.4 :Jinun:rlnr:entrqlivrarfinuf uav{rdurrnrydrusir{
r,rrhfloeirr.nJzvnou drud.lrnoda*r
ffi
q
tfi
amriruu:nhuav:jrft
L
f t6'uri drum:air
6runr:dn:n uurrqfifiu'''rgnr:caunrilairud?rnJ:vammni
olr6o rfi ulunn{oairnaritfi aairu:Jiunau
rhsnihftdnnhsn.rl
2.1 druuornrrufiifi otouuavnorJ:vawinr:Fuuf
Av
finm qnnfrrmr
2sz1 (arTurlfurJqt zs::)
2.2 riuuordrTox6ot (Plot) unvdraven
olq:Jzvnrru 10 ?r?u rirftGuuoqj#urJxnrudnurflfi
am?ntuor:auoir
trflaaooda$urafrnqvr::Jxnru
lor u
ryn
riostfrdr ranm.:60{ffi w6nnu
q ffiorarylun:auerirfiouqiu rJ:vnaufru
: ou 6aCopyright
v'ia rni unson o:orofrsaqtrld#rar{urosin:.srmnr
luuireille
naN6o{ rflrfifio'jrrl:ctrd.uflru6nrinfr{mq fiorenrnoqlunpvrvnlr,rrft
nrrfidnd.: enriluqndlr
m.rarnroludasaarsffuarnroluruuvrfinrnuo{ aJuuavo{u mcnfirulafiuqrnviolarfiuno{ulu
urrar*rirlfinr6odo i.:riuudasaa{iloq nruir6arlfrrJ:v{nr$unyrnna:*fiauafivrrft fi.raluqt
qafi.rflrgrnreituqtatllafirimNalnlfl unczuanrflufiqvrfiordusiaenpeiuavdou'lodar nrmufiul:t
tfiurcruein:ilcuvitud.r isriufinoeir{dtndulu :Jmrffrn'irfifilfluraftaur.tao?o{ounilril?fl
tune*ffiduleiururrflu{ firfienun{a.: fi{nJnruurn'jruaglurirm: fioonlfirnarnfi.:osrl fima.:
v
oirtl niu firda
uruauJa'141 rJmmu nufiru''rfiurtunrudsiNfirs{aunauru ur.rnufifioti'noiru
qrtJthfiurit 1d6'u1firilr mrerufioondrfrrnrurdruGu fu finnruu?r,tr*lu{or.rrnm unnmufio
riu
rflufiu ilxttuavtfiaul tfiuertrudrdrgrotrkgurlnfirwnarnrofirfioduluflon:iu Touranrv
q-.^--.---^.^- Ae-y--.--t
I
a "a v
t,,
A
Yy
tunri':tvl}l'1 YltJzunualfluoHilntJ1u towt{ffieJlo4oqun.laus'|Truluuttytno0rntnvlBmNatntfl
j
.Qs Q a
T__s-._,___ a.+...__-__'-^lV, ^ A , -ts,
v
.a o j
t:Flrlusl'l{dl iltnoqlnalnldvrt JilTqilb il:yf1lom1rso{ornlF ri]ufir*firouilr tfifruturil0mp6o.l
qnuriau{ududlor:mufirennmu nnrirria.rmoirr"g firj:yaururbjmirtrfrfior-Hr:orrfiou1
^--.--_aT---a-.-..qiln,:7lt:\tt:u}t?lo.3t111
r c a
c v
lil lXnflusrl{ttutNenradrelrg
t{
unnintiuustaooou{rJnor:a{rin
Q u A
e
I
v
2'u
A^
N
[udufrqcsto{?irufluufltJrgurfrfioTu qiln?
Guusiriufiu{ocufir:ronr:rfi
urrfu
"tlrgurornrorfl ufi u"
Xo
oQ ,
Ja,
, Quv
-r-^--^-rre-a^9-----!.-4rJ:vmffi rirllunr:{ofi on::ruffi otll4filoaajrwrnff fi fiuriru tririnriuuluTxGuu
a
Q vd^.-.F^.------q-9
a
9l
nav
a
o
v
:Jxnrulu
a
grJfluunfl?t'lnrtndtfiu.ltl4uo?lrJffnrgt0oJryurruafrL*yt1{o1mo rsrrfluuFirfirgunv6uloflrurfrrg
qrr
\,1
a ., -Oo
t
^ d
v
)
tu
^
'
t?utl4oulvlu4nou:rrufiarTurirhiormouiqvrd
uavrfiu{rruvrf,otunr:ffu{arrno.ilvrur6rd.:firilour
d e
-v ),
e' Aa
-l
nu?nlJnTr6{T1.1d.:n tOAASJy|O tu{lunud.tUrOfraHTAndnd':
u
2.3
nr:tduuqrueirdlnrqnr:nlornTer:l6omdNnc6Elo
drfiuoarn draso:nr:
! .
L,
6 c, "!-..'y-.^_.-_.i|
-va
-.-.e-..j---.-.o1luut:0{?l0{enncor
sl.lttslsluauqu lou{r0uunnutrJ4.tKuaenuforT.qorj:ydln
nfatf.:aao
uil:nonrJriurfo qrum:ru unyqtufirrsJ uririnr6uuhJnioru 1 fiu
2.4 rimuqrJuuuta.,nnrftfiaeiruJ:vnou Tourirfirfiterlilaulfl a.lrdntu{udtduri
n. frn:srwnn{og,J*iu tdto,pmiru,urfio ou,rn{N rs rsnrfiuJsn
tqufiurq: d'rftmroncfroio tt'tmvartunr:ffufi0
'irururarirfirumfi
u1.) 26
s: rnrh rfioltrifunfiufriu
'irrnuufirun uaynr:rfrrril drrfirtrilodlrntr:rfl oehuldadr.raconn
t.
fin:*rwnr:{onin ldrirr,tuonryuj:ynou rfionrn'lrourafrouqitdfi rflu
nrlil:uno:Jusinsoau tiurunrn:JrcnaurlsiavqoilsrlaJn?lrurumydruriudar,oulrro.lnrn
fiu
nrilil:cnourfior6llttrirn:vol:t nrrrrilnrarirrjnudgflunmrdurriu rjntuununrn:J:vnournnrn
55
rvuuAaafud?u.n:ldtai?{uldlautflr{rsourruln:o'n nlu{rfiemnrnleulffiuunrndnurrdofior
finuilcflo{ff)avor: naqnmoi
rar udr6.ltri'rfiuunrilhqnsJuilnvrn
riruu:nir rra#unJiur\.lufitrbJr^riau
(script) uavffifaovoautfi
1 fiu{rduunrvr
qul6'nrilil:vnarfifin1lrilHrcdil
frnuru.vnr:gitmcfrnuil,sto.reirrJ:nffuf
tfinr:*rfiqnrn ehrdru rumydrlriu
aooo#o.rfiurdorar
ot.
{utdn loausi.ltflu{aun:aqj:vnnnrfl6urfi r6iolfrfirfiutfrllaialrrrn:nhrfu fienufforqufiu:cLfiuil
2.
s
uuuio:J:vfivrBnrvr
nsrs
rfi ornr
a.rafflqyrfmrnnrSuu (uilrlytorfou)
m{ubi
efrtuuuvroaau{o*''ffit,udorq:J*a.rfuo.rnnriuuf r^rr,udrroo.naftfiodruilrunayiruru
ro
{a r:luuuufianqrou lMultiplechoice) tfra q drrdon
Toufi#uqou d.s{l
n. dn:*rufrnnr:rfi urrfunr:a$r.:u:ruyrodor{oa.ra&iqvrfvrrmr:riuu
?roumer
goorfiorarlurafisfioeirurj:rror nr:rfiaufraaau nr:irem#fiadou
nr:iozua nmj:vfiuzua
?.
raa'nqor:
dnurenrlfiorfluuao no:J:va.re{nnr6auf riLrari*a.,rdoiio{:audrrn qrn
wlunndau rravrarftfia6uun{refr.:rdfur:J:ca:Jnrilfiffio
n.
.fia:JrcnrJdn:giflfd
afr.luuuvtocouiozuafixqvrfnr,rnnrisu,hmu 30
orou (Multiple choice)
fro
c
fiuuuurfion
do q dr6on Tourfianeirqauiiqnidqorfiu.:cirqaurdtn firoraugntfi r
ovuuu qaufiobi o ocuuu
.0. afxsrm..ri rnfl #rdorarqo.:raffn6or: uanruqfirmlidemniulfirfi onqfi rmal
vrn6'ruqvrGdn:*ruc qrtJfio%yto\ruqil
@loom
rgoe:so-1oe)
drutlnaonfiu o 6'ru 6a druonuf
onrx'ir em$rrdrlq nr:r;rttlfi nr:?renr# nr:fr.rremd nr::J:c6urir
lqorrmfi r rarir so)
a.
ffi
rJ*nuerrucn::ejnra?uqrinarfinuf rfiofiqnilrrruuilodau
trfifiepre.r
a.:qmoreJdrr., uur*'rrJn4rJ'rcdlfl otrirnu udrrir'l:irtiurJqruritr
q. afrtuuu:J:vfiunrufitwo1etffiafi{fioeiru:J:nou id*
",ltnn,6n6"
Toa
rinriuu rnitaanrflu s qou 6a
rix
qaufi
r fraryndrudr
qaufi
z
ofllfi.rilolqlutarhfioeiru:J:vnau TourJ:vrfiuludruffnurucnrd'oaj
fin:*nrynr:{onrlry ffnr*rrsdorar unvfrn:*ruyn,,*fdTfi
sraufi
g orrrudorfiurfi
cnfiurafi.:floTouri.l,r
56
,mrd r nr:"irmvrfrdor,rrrafrnqvr:
nqdnmrrdom
nrui
6o.rsJafiBfl.l{o1mct #urJ:vne.rdnrrflfi
n21$
nrni'r
R1l
+
dudu
mt
??el
nruir rfrlb [fl9 irnn#
thgfirrrdr
a?1tl
drdq
r. a.trfiJ:vnaum.r
I
ornroloufirhj
2.
2
1
0
'l
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
1
2
0
5
0
O?1tJ14tJ'lU?J0.:
emfiumNarnro
:.
ilryuruavzun
rnwuratHafiu
711{01n1€f
c. uu6i.rrirrfiollafiu
7t1.$O1n1fl
s. uuryn.::Jatfiu
uritrnlrgralaio
notafiuyn.l
ornroTour{rlrj
1
1
3
0
2
:?,J
6
9
3
8
2
2
dudunarl.rdreirg
3
1
4
2
5
5
30
57
rnruriflfilunn:J:vrfiuenrxfic^rotq uritaonrflu c :yrTu 6o 6mn dvrotfierrnjfrr:J:t
rufrtr d{fi #usraunr:airqru:lj:vrfi
u ft d
t. dn:nfrnuosnnofrt
uu:d:v6uzuarnri.,:fl0 tourhel[dom uaq:Juu:rfiftn]:vnu
2. nfnuuurj:cfiu nrufi*rratasodnriuu
Toufiqnilr!fiurriufrnuilcnr:{onj
Kiil 6'nurrcnr:{onrn dnurucrfrailr uavfinuruyn..,u.'fdtfi
3. :.6n:noruvnr:enrcnuqrivrurfinuf
rfiosrr?qfiqr:ilruilu:J:s6u1fiorauooru
rhsr6ufai6'a{m: raun?lrrgnoiar rumvaru ufirrirhJrJfu:Jpuritnfiounndor
4.
eir.:uuu:Jx6uqnmrnna.,narhfiaaiiurl:rrauio.: rirnu6n6" Io u
{vr:rqrx
pfi uiltoanLfiu s qou 6o
mud , ffaqadrud'r
qroufi z
sr
oufi
nrnJ*rfiuqrunmmqfitflo
: nn$6f oN€nlrt 6cr rfi urirtt rfi urfiurari,rfr a
rnwiflfirnurfiuqnrnrvrwi.rfla
d..:fi fiuoaunndfi
t.
z.
c
rnfu
aonrflu + :vri:.r 6o 6mn 6no1fiomtiu,h,,,{to
uuurJ:vfiuqnrnrnsaturirda
frd
dnrrdnururm:*?r.ruuurJ:cdu murhEJrfiomfiovrJ:vfiu un@uuffionJ:vrfiu
cir.suuurJ:vfi uqnrnmrasrnri.:fr0
dnurunrr"{onrn frnusu,srdam unvfrnurun.rr*ridtf
3. :Jfi:norucrmtJnr:nruqa.rivrrJrfiynaf rfioqr?ofierrilruutrJ:vrfiuqiln1t,nn{
rarhfio tfio:ouoq:.nJ:vr6ufido.rnrt uasn?leJgnd'orrurtrvar uffrrirt1r1fuiJpufitrfiounnda.r
3. nrn{nnrnnirilaus*#oossigojtreilforr,rankrrirnr
$iotfiafirfradru:J:cnort6o.: ":J*rnr6n6" uasroia{fioiorrj:caflfinrr^rm.ovrrirfla fi
:J:vRvrfinrr^r
riaurirhlvroaadfiqi.r
ffi;uli'lnlufierurqunrrry lounr:rirlr1vroaa.rfud'u
,
o.,*o
fiuXnriuu#urJ:sn,Jfinvrfld q dlN6uu{onrfrr?ru nornrqi n?{rynr.1 loufii6sirrfiummon*r
usiavn*r d'rli (fEru,:6i
n:ulrrr{ mcona
2s21: ns)
n''*ruror*{fi r Tounr:1fr'rinriuufifinaufivdrrJrunnl{
1 or{ eirurafirfioeiru:J:vnor
fiuovl'mqrJ:vawi rriaufiiuwnirnneituhilrinrSuu rnvfrrnomqffn::rrosinriarusrxyeiru
{unnr
dururfrn nrer{omnio.soaotarx.r da uanh nfiu m rritsfro'nyrdo.r
58
n'nvroaot#.rfi z lognnlfrlinriuu
ilrunart
uaseiou oth.rac
r
ou
r
ou eirwri.rfiaeiu:J:vnou
duo.:{oq:J:var.re{
Torudorrin6efi ri-l
uucilrnrdrun{allfi.:nqnqfin::runr:druro.r
rinriuuudavou {unnr duyrul uavfrnnrru{aunnianhlrufftrfraunnias
__ -U_A _ T^-.___l-r,---_.a__,. ,y- 4 ,
A
,,
,
nrilona.lor\Tvl
3 [oum:[14tln[iuu fiorr5uudru rfraurqrunrnunyfalnnia.na.r
t
rarhfi oeiru:Jzun
oufiasr.:durirlrrJfrrrlp uritr r$i ar;rlrtlfiqi{
ffi6urhnrndomr#o$aio:J:vfrvrGnrn (uuumoaau) Tou}irinriuu :o ouiirurari.rfia
Ap X
\eu
r
frafitfruunv16funr:r{qutu#r tfreirulmar oo mfi ild.:qrn#u1fi?iruuunodayionrnft.rqnfrx
nr:tieru Eo {o tunarso u'lfi ra6.sqrn;uilra.rafittdilrrirnr:iro:r#yreirntilurniru drdrurq
'iruun drenrxrdursffi rfiofror6andrrafurirl:Jtfiq?{ :o fio
mfl1rnu$nhu (Difficulty Power) tfiuvrudrudnm p (filirqrun::&t fiqilioi
^J
U:qilfi
2531:141)
p _
PH+Pr.
2n
rfio
P" umufil,irutu{oraugntun{Hq.l
Pr. umu6r,iruru{mougnlun{rcir
n
unrudr'iruru{onurftranotun{ruq.:raian{aieir
nr:donfracou qc6onfraaaufifieirorrmrniruaqlurir{
0.20-0.80
rirurlfidruffoideirn.jr
0.20 unud.tn'jr o.ao rirlr:Jfrr:Jq.ruritr
nrnncirrfiilredruun @iscrimination Power) lfiuvru#rudnue
r
(dllturpgo::H
aaoJ
nailTolurdytb zs:r: tqr)
f-
PH+ PL
n
riio
P" r,rmufis,iuru{oraugnlunriruq.:
PL umafir'irunu{orougnlun{rcir
n
umufir,iuru{oroufitrae.rolun{q.:raionqhc{r
nnrfionffonou qv6anfrofifteirdura,huunsl{usio.zo dub r;rblfi,ffofisirnir o.zo dods
zr
nnrnrirnnlrdu.r (Reliabitity) tfuvrudrudnm ru Toerlfqvrmoqroro{ ?n{erfru
59
lrnz
r)(iilr,.r1u:irgn::e6o rJ6oruiqvrd
2s31
: 141)
K l-r- x(K--*)l
I
K-tL
d. K
i
S*t
KS*,
J
-l
=,irurufrotatulruilodotlqrrlr*
= dlq6u
= eitntrruurjtj:ruramryut,tu:?tJ
4. nnhrfirqnunruanrifiaTcra{^qqd
ufitornnrmono.:fiwurilri{doeirurJ:snaufiudu
r,rrirdohltfiivr:.rqru.1d,iruru
2^--^^- -' q
e' A
:
er*.rriurin6uuufrr. {a{utrfirir
t nud{rJ:ynoudru
v
rym:{qil?qlill.:drufuurodoru
r vhu
{rmqru,16vn.r6'runnafrcarftdadru:J:cnou z viru
{n:rqrqfivrr.r6'runr:6nur
z riru
og{aaunrjrueinrffiHrJ:vaunr:niffiq
z riru
rhnrd:vrfiilqilnr{?to.:rarirfloeirurl:vnau udrrirm:JiurJq.:udtr
rflur,tri..rfioeiru
:J:rrouqfulfiafu loaorrYufrarynqrnuuuil:vrfiuqnrnn^na.:rnrftfraeirur]xnou drrnfu{vr:tcp}qd
:J:vrfiuludrr.rdnununr:{qrJuiru dnprwrrr:donrn frnurumr:sirrfiurda1 c16cfrnuilcp..,o..d1#
drraiu
rnruviflfilunrajxrfi u 6a 6mn d
nolf uasor::Jfirilp uritr
*unut d z nr:vroaar1firafi{fiaeiurJ:sno:r
1. nqhdrorir$1dtunffi?roao{t fifiunoulunrdorfion
z;
dufr r rfronn{rdroah{uuurqrvq.: (purposive
d.rd
Sampling) dn{HT:.r6uuml$
r ttvrmq6 nvrru. naqftrdon tnn;nrjruT:lritrurdtd#orqlrnut6ortrunoror*qi
drrJ:vo:rflryrar
runfiumrtarnro 6{arlo'lrfiqv:Jqnfi.:tfrfinriuu1unq'xT:..r16auuvi,lfl166n1uf
enr*firleunc
srr.fl finlufl
rgrar
fu
n
ritr
'fiud, tfinr:{e.rd'loeinuur$u (simple
Random sampling)
Copyright by MahidolToedranrnTNfiuu
University
60
lun{Hn*u,i r d'lfi s T:.r6uu 1dl:.rriuufto#rnr:rono.:Hr r l:rr6au ld'uri l:.rr6uuiorerlnfiru
dnafr.rrinriuuidtt:1*4ufrorh.:lunnvrrurorrod 6a rinrieruhftcna.rdnurflvi
c
d{fifi.narro,irmu
s ri'at ff6'ulrt{rurfrroeir.ninrierufiovtfirflunrjrunonosuavn{lnruq1Toerifi{uqarn
:J:vnffin:nfl fi +/:'truru 33 nu fiunrjruvroao.r uanin 6uufir:J:-.-nffinnr#
+/
16'rinri,wf;u
r lfl un{Horuqru
tiruru 32 ou
2. rc'*odofi,*tf,luntrru* r,*td ldrt
2.1
2.2
rari.rfroehu:J:rrau
6at ":J:cfl r6nd-
tntnir.rdu
uuumoraalioarnfiHqmdvntnr:Guu,iruru
To
ufi
nr:fia,rurfi u{uqarud?
:o {o
lflu{'oaourmu6anqou
(Multiple Choice) rfio c drrdon
2.3
uuu:J:vrfi uqnrnrvmocafirdaeirurJ:ynauTo
ufrvr:.rqrx16'iruru
2.4 uuu:Jsffiunrufirnotolurari{fioeirurj:cnou
il:vrfiu ,iruru
30
Ioutfr'rinriuuairurarft fiolfiufi
oil
s. 6slrrfiunrflronos ldrirnrryrono$n$firoou
3'1
t itu
6o
dluiluvlodou{ozuaf,iqmdvn{nr:r6uu'tilnodauriaumona.:
(pre-test) riln{H
iloao{uacn{:lerruqruniouiu }i'nnr :o urfi
3.2 r{uriN z d:Jorri rirrarhfladru:J:snoul:Jtfr'n{uvroaouirulfr'nartunr:eiru
dr un
{a.r
urfi
nr:t qert rlfieirurarhfi a
3.3
n?uqrJ
oo
tfnar
druu:lmoaolrdrutJvroraau udtqrndruvrri.:fla (post-test) #.:n{e.rvroaaruavnrjn
so
urfi
3.4 druuuioerlilfi.lilatq
rari.:froeiru:J:sna:.J (quzuu4fi
:
tfin{llvroao.:fidrunrirfia rimr:J:sdun,lr&rfit11otq1u
unvquzuu4fi n)
Beil{fid r rrcorqtJurunrrono.ruutuco.:n{et iodouunvrndvoaal (Kerlinger,
1973:337-33g)
x
(x)
Oz
nqsJyrafla{
nriruoruqrUniversity
Copyright byOqMahidol
6l
A
ula
R
=
nr{rufrradr.:
Or
=
-^-!'- o
n1??
zun
=
nn{o
r.l
X
=
fl'l5Yl0d0{
(x)
=
bifinrmono.r
A
v
a
t
drJqilffi Nn.l:tsuwiaufi oaa{? a{nciililoa o.t
Oz
o:
O+
uhn4ftd
I
a fia.r
qvrfirmr:ri
uuu 6'tn
o a a{?l o.:n
d&j
n?il
q rJ
udo{{uqaunmvronartfiurisfiaeirr.$J:cnau rtar ":J:ynrdn6, drunr:rono.:
uuu
da{ndeJ ioriouunundtnoao.s (The Pre+est Post-test Conrrol
Group Design)
yluuuYlodolj gloutnjU
wvA
ioanfuqm6 uav il:vrfiu
fi?1N
firuuumodau
vud
?or{affilqil!'
z f,:Jorrf
4. ntfirmu#foryn
4.1 rirflarynfitldotnnniloao{ mfinralzv*rrazunloutfi Micro
computer
un:H SPSS/pCI
Tora
4.1
eirurafi.rfi
T:J:
.1
riliul
rfi
m nrrrl uqndl!1a{ocuuurq6
u
zuaft.rqvrdvxnr:r6uu riaunr:
oram{m oaarunvnrirurnuqru Iout#oirafifi t-test
4.1.2
4.1 .2 ujiuurfiuunr
ujiuurfi uunliluqrnsinelotnc$uruafiu zundlqvrdvrrrnnfiuu
ufrtnn
eiuyrft
fr ara,rn{run
ona.: urun
4.
1
{x enr qH Toutfidrafifi rtest
.3 r:Jiuurfi uuorlmtqndr.:?rorrr**adul',rnft.rqvrfvrnnr:riuu
ufi'.:nr:eiruro.:n{uornar Toutfidmfifi t+esr
n01{uny
62
4.1.4
ufi.rnr:eirura,rn{xoruql
rGuutfiuuol?riluqneir.Jto.rc'vrruurqduzunfuiqvrfvrr.lnr:6uuriaurrav
To
utfidrafi
6 rtest
4'2 drotvttuuornuuutj:cffiuorufivrotoluuri.rfrolourinriuu rfi rern#d'rueir
5rufiuru (Mode)
4.3
dr ov uuuorn rruuJ:v
rfi
uq nrnrnTo
u
{'vrx
q ru1
ofi
mi rn:r #dr
u ei
rgr uiru
ru
(Mode)
4.4 dTJt lnnrfi {umcfranuouuv lunr:r[srurnr:{orirrarhfiodrurfi
uff
ul*{orirtL
und
o
erannt{u
lunr:i{unisfi
ffi{uldcirrfiunrdir{uncfinurraritfioioun:os:J:vno:.rni{qu
Got
":J:vrrr6n6" rdoratlahrone$dru:1rg,,rrornffirflufis
drrafi.rrinrtau#urj:vnffin:nflii c n{ail
#trnr:J:cRil6nrnmsafilfia qlnriluyrodauiozuafixqnfmrtnnriuuraqinfiuu ua#rnm15y6u
qrrnlilno{l4ritfioiiffi{ua{r.rdu Toulfirinriuufieiru,arirfiaairuil:ynoufiaiNdurhuuurj:yfiu
oflilfi{ilalqluuri.,rfiaeirurJ:cno:viruru 33 ou 1fr{vr:rqru,16 z viru r4ruuurhyffiuqomrrro.r
rarftfioeirurJmrou drun{tdraair$lfflunnvronouflurin6uufiu:J:snffin:nflfi q
nmriuufi r
flnr:dnur zs:s 'irurutinfislu os oru fiurinriuulNr6uuion{n?ru drfin{rrusqnur,i ftfio
nT{ rYr1,,nJ141uo: zunnrfi
t**.{
{uapld'dni
r nnafiqari.:froiaurna,rrJ:vnaum{qur
va
fuqoufi z nr:fiqurufitfioioun:ouJ:vnounr{qur
fumud : nr:fiqrurmia.rfi
fur.ufi
#**d
aiorJ:cRfl Gnm(uuumoaou)
+ nwroaortftnri.:fiaiosn:ouJ:rrounr{qur
r nnrixunn{n$rilrirf,siournanhiunaurn{En
ffi{utdcirrfiunnaitrari.rfioioun:osrJ:vnounrfqudu drr^roovap.lfrnuilcsir.r sl
rari.rfr afi
?0.r
airt{ulti'A{siatJil
dnruaoourftda rflurari.:fioairurj:vnou:J:yurrdr:$.iurfi,r ld'rj:vmnrfiourqrrxilfin
qor:tunr$ainra?xrJnaunr:niffiqfiu:J:vna.rfin:*rflfi+'irti'rui*oo*da4:orfirrnrariruEiour6a$rnm
nnverflrufittdrunffr*vm{otntfl tufinunr#aoouvr:nlfluuvr:J:yfiufiaun:auj:ynmnrwdurfi
frrSosrr fidrnvnnairrfiui#.: riiorar{.r1,fi'onrufrnvoruriurfitoru{ri'uhJ
rnriar#.:aoorilrnqr*D??sJ
qium:il
rinriuuqctd'suolrutn6otnfiuqrnrnurrorudounyar:rurrirord'.rnsn:
nflu{rlqt6o{rnsiN 1 firirurafu.rair.,rer':ufnNdru:hgrarornrorflufiu
drovr;rl:.l{
urnr.rndrTonaoodo.:ri1r
University
4r 394
64
onrnflrprardrurofiar.rtuflqnriuromprvrflNuruo? unyftraio6u tu:J:vrvrnrtvru
1
flnmrqrkin lfluraritfiouuruioftou'',rnils rg rsna6wq:
u1.) 26 rqu6uJen
il:vnoudruvrrir:Jn
ilnlu eirrir unfr nll6o:ruaoo noil:va.:rinn6uuf
:Jxxr a nrufGa.ror
nr
uur
gz
ufir
rdoGar unyft
ol{fir u riru
frnnnrcnn{onrn
lfi
A"-
unlnlrnriqufi fr :i:vnou6'r unrn:Jnufir unynrnil:vnru,fi,
t5aw?rlvi.sutto 13 R'lrl tutet?Jo.tRlvtLfiunrr41r,trlr6ililfiinxor:cfiri.lfia mys1nuanfiorrrurupy
-
A
u
va
I
aNriufrourilfia nrnil:vnalrfrar6o.:truJrnriltl4rJlyallfiurdarar
fificru.:rrnamyalfiu{urmyo?r*r
aulero{finGuu
f;nsnpnnnfii
olotilfflurrirfloejru:J:ynoufi
oirr#u
{?,i'u1,fidrurunrurfi qnrn
r
r{rrfiurfatdruiounm.uj:vurnnrwtiurfi r qau?irura{uri.rfioqyfirila.l:nr:rri1udrud.,:urqd'o*
Xa
tfrotvlattilunnoudrnnlfirhuoltvrn.ilru rurorasfiruri.rfiodruirudoreu
nvnoqn6'0.:orudnrnii
tudruta.rrJ:ruruo.luf6a{oln1rtfr'1urfurfiuuu::nudraioar,,irfirinGuunrp:n6rurfirtqtd'jru
fir*d
z nrnTnnrnarirf,oiaunrauJmounrfr ur
tunrfl{elurrafi.rfio{oan:o.:rJ:vnorn.r{q'ffi
ffi{ubirirrarirfiafiafi.:duhfi{rdarm
I
vrpwrr\r'l
otuqNcl Tala
rdu ellullnn)-l\lvu{flaalilt1'uJlqil
6'runnair.:rarirfraeirurfi u6r drumdnasr:
orufinndq: drunrur
oirunrur rtnvdrufi.lurofforu
nnvdrufi.lrnofioru lddru
ld'eiru
?{uldrir{orauarn*vto.:{'rfiurnrylrrirnmJfu:Jpruitr
:
{
rfialfifiqnmrnfirdruranid:Jvroao.:1fi#u6'u
n*.lfrurinfiuu,.ranmyroaouJnngo\'.:d
9l
nmona':ni.rfi r hi'finriuufifitd'uaffflryryriliunnr
r ou druuri.:fiorfirrr6xufirrin-
fialrfioTrurfiudr rari,,:frofieirur6'rlold'iru ftnrnfiaru.nm.irculo
unvfinru6o*iwj'arX.rfra*ifi1
oqlurnnn6dmn hi6'a.,:rJfurJpurih
ntttu*#od
ffi{u6,lli'r;rr,rrftfio'l:Jvronroluo*ori z siahj
Copyright
by Mahidol
: nufifi:yduafirlrprgrrit
ilrunnr unydauUniversity
aeirrnv r nu
z tri'rinriuu
65
drurarhdarfirutfirtd': rinr6uufiorunfru'jr rarftfrofieirufienrxr,haulotu,ri.ridro
uavnrnnr{qu
adrwrn fienrelfiorfiu'irrnrftfiorirdoqlurnrm[6mn 1ri6'ourfitn
gA
rv.
Fn{yt 3
sto
ffifudr16'rirrari.rflol:Jvrona.rtu
til
ttrtntsaon{od g lftin titru go oudrwafi{fi o rfi l rfu u#r
rin Guurf{ilsrofi nrm rfi u,ir
rnritfrofiehuurnu1.tfio,if'tda{$auRrilnr{qu nrurfit#eiruu#rrfirlqldd
fisuronauu..,.o.od.
fiduldrirzunnr:vroaarlufudulr:Jfu rJ1,:ufitrrirfi
rfiolfirari.:fioioun:4.::J:vnounrfqurta..r
"uEiodu
uacrfi rJflfruso..:nrnnr{qu1fr'arer
{:vsrr6n6' fiqrunrndEhdu rirrnrhflaiiu,ito
u#rdhlfiftr:rqrqd z ufrr:J:vfiuqnrnrnmoafisfiofi
trNd
o
olanrnj:crfiusial,Jif,
z ueomrnJrvrfiuqnrnrnrari.:floioarnaoJ:vnounrfqu loa{vr:.,:qrun6 z viru
tgdumilfiinr
ftfolr.urnjunu
guftnr
(Mode)
dntnrmr{qrJrdl
1. g:Jrirunruuancrunl6.:qo
A
otJn
nrrruculo
z. rurorotufirfio{ufiald
o8J',ln
dco?n
3.
orrln{r.runyn?lrJUr?floit
ci
orJn
uritfrarururyae.r
4.
o?'lrur4%1ra,Jr,rrX.rdafi eynru
o8Jln
t143J1Vd8J
s.
nnr{rgrttrie.rfi crnaro.ryru
nn:
e. uriofronui:n
rfl
oeiruld'
o3J1n
9l
dco?n
66
,l .,.
gtrfl.tfi
z (sia) udq{nnJ:vfiuqnmrnrarhfiaioun:aqJ:vnoundqu lou{vr:.:qru1ofi z viru
tdunrajtrfiu
frfrlnnn*gdl
InrfirJil
(Mode)
f;nrnrn'n{onnr
'r. nrn:Jnfifiaru.ru6.:oroenrH
otJ'ln
aulq
2.
nrn:Jndrm:nudo{m1:J
oNln
u v 6v A Uu
fl3{1tuDniltTa{ to
3. nrn:Jxnoufienudruul
qil1n
frorqu
4. nln:J:ynouft.nduffi rila
jql
orJln
t:a{luttqacatou
s. nluj:ynauusiavqo%fiflaru
q
4
.r1rJ0Nq
yl
an?lmu t0n0.:ryau
G. Rr' il:ynau,ir,6roft err.lu
7
oNln
orJtn
dru.JrrJforqu
.
frnuru.:to.:nlrn4rJ'1ydtJfiu
v
o3J1n
,,tr
?ufl0.tt{a'lu
8.
frnvo:udo.:yirnr.l*nv
o
ljytu'lytdrJa6.t
frnrnrs!o.rrfim
1. Qg
lunarra4ncururnfiomfiu
2.
o
rfiHrydilfi'u{umv
:J:vaunmr[nol16n
v
nrJ'ln
3. n?1lru1??o{rfiourfinru.r
t143J''tyf,rJ
4. ft nlxf,lr{uffi'ufia 16o.r
s. fintruftcdufsiarfia,ofi'u
I
tnuqaao
6.
fi
o8Jln
oil1n
nlJm
nrrxgnda{0:{srlrJo?1ru
4a
[uuar.t
qMn
67
etENfi z (sia) udennr:rJ:vffiuqnrnmuri.rfioiaun:ooJrvnomr{q1u
lora{vr:rrlulffi z yiru
:cdunrflJtctfi$
rhfatunrtrj:cdil
7. arm:nrdBlafrrerrrruflfr
ttnton
8.
afr .,:qr*n::runvfi:rvropJ
forqu
v
^ i^?-qâ-.d
e.
rutaflotnu?fllnr:5nur
qnrnrnd.,:urod'at.t
r
o. rfu.rci-t
:iqdrfinlunr:
I
frrurfuu,lodol
dnrnrnrrrdtf
1. nrurflfinamcolfiuiu?or
ryolu
4
nruifitdtnrnnhrilt
3
nr:nfi nrr Hfio rqurfila.ir u
4
fir,iroo. o odarriu
4
0l
4
o
dr
a
rdorar
vn:tfinrsra dN ru urvarJ
ulr*irrni:
iru lri{ufiou
nrurfdldtri
sir
dnmrr
o.: rfi
o
a8Jln
o
&u
uldfro rqu
lflu:yrfiuu
{'rfi uulfira 6'n6qiil
rfi u
urtunr:
uru mydl.r ri'u:vpYut a.nin
6uu
ernsnn{fi z qvtfiuld'ir qilnr^ma{urirfia6ar:Jxmr6n6iiairoduriuftq*i?{0q1rr
:cdu6,Jrn nrirrdo ornoirgrufiumo.rnrrrxfiurfu
c frnvnrv 6o nr:{ogrJuiru nn6,on..,* drr..,
aqjlu:vd'u6Mn d'lunr:srfi1fioq1u:vau6rfluMulraqj
6mpl6'.jdu6,runilnryr?ra{ufi$fioqrnnr
68
:J:v
rfr
urat
I q
av
u
v4-
44'
,
T{rlil?$qo?1 tllufi u{dail ilq ornllIo}Jln
ryfl
3o
sA
r.
: ..a-. v a
ttu
uonalnilrdnT{ q il?g}l^tlito t14?l a tdua
[1&Y
tl
l
N tsl
9l{u
3J
i.CmrtAnryurils
- nrr*rfilfi1unnairrfiurta.sor:tfrnxfi:l unvrirtq,nururruo drlfiri#oln
- nrnraririlnqn:fi firnun::rrnn'ir r 6r
To
utavrrvodrtdsnr:fi rdnufi trfi x q Jtd
v
n:orerqerfrrrnflr-mu
-
A, q
,luaX
o
u]
LrrSifl
uyt?]{
v
v4
1u14u114%{fl
a Y
oil1nnil t:J
r
- Rll^rilrvnourioren:qvoqivndrufioornoo,fi.:riru
.g
rfioaruvn{eiruqvldteida.:nron
u,
tllltl
"-A A
-
a
4 Qs
,
X
n'nq.:fl a t:4.$ FnrQvo{ qo nxl8J du !o Lll Nlnn?1u
2. rnr$orfiudu1
-
lfl uu ri.:
fr
ofi ti''
auh
ar :.n:nrir't:Jtfi1un r:
- tfinla.rtdrufu uro#arTo u ril?llvsJnfi
- *o,m*rrejru
Bfl
ei
ruduer{r
rfi
l rG ild' m n
Nolnr€l
(nrrntvru)
- rJqnflsdn:*rxfiduoruinlun::mnfidrurofroil:ousir rdu
#
dulfr arnro rnr
- airufifiuendtrirfiuurifrr air.rqrun:mnr:rJfirifivruftqnol'a.:iuidru:rer rnvnlrr
v dqvo
x q
I
dlNno tunolutul4lJnily
- t,tfim.ruirun:a.:fifi6urfiia'ia ridfr'rfiorerrurinuoynfitqtunr:nlvru firrflunrur
:J:c,irfi6
- arm:nfllnfihucnrfiuiotprat'lyrurfu lfiunr:oq5nfisrur::il1ilu
, trgv
rfluvrhfioiidGrorfio rirr6nl6'druqvbi:5rd{dNr fir'irdur,*rouiourartitu6o.l
a
t,
c
i
;,;
au].: u.lTgr? tutl48louql.lT1aul ylultljo
9tl
firnaufi
g
fio.rgefl rgurruafiudrusil.rl fior:uwrirtrfrfi
nndirrufirfiaunvfi ffi6'usio1il
rrni{nnnrfrasfio-ior}r:fivrinrn (uurunoeou)
{ii'uldr4r nr:fifl ur ruu{or:J:cRilGnr
lr To adr uruyr
o do
uior
zu
n frru qvr
6
69
m.l{nrr+u}flfilin6eruiruru 30 eru airuufi.rfiaeirurfixrfirurafirsnrtornrct tnvrirulu
modautiruru :o {a qrnfiudr'Lilrareirorurfiaeiu eir:vduoruurn.iru ttnveirrirurq.irrtun
r{dnmilodau:Jan6,lr druru{aaaurfr.r :o fro tdl.norqgru (oi.nrunvr6uolunrozuurn)
%vAuod
ffi {u6-r{otir
f;t nut
d
tfl
u$uuvtodoudruiu
L{
[un.l:Yona{a:.1
o arnnrrvroas$frnisf,ahunrNt]finrunriqu
un:as:J:cnaunriqufi
ffi {uldr4rnryroaastfirarisfi oia
.
zuanr:
fildd{ifl
moaa.:Hrt ro:r#mr.rafi
1
airtdu rn:nir
o vrruuar a
frr qmfvrrmr: ri
uu ri aunr:eiruun vu fis nr:eirur,rrit fi aia u nro.l
,6
ilTvnaunl:qu
rioumyroraaseirurari.:6a{oun:asrJ:vnaunrfqu ffi6uld'lrfrrin6uun{ruvroaot
33 ou *nvn{eJn,tuqll 32 ou riruuuyrodouSozuaf,ruqmfvrrtnr:Fuu (Pre-test) ala
:hng'jrn{uroaarfieryuuuradu (r) = tz.so €irdrutfiu.:lut*tl'1el:5111 (S.D.) = 4.oe
a
I
i
n{r.roruqa.rfiercuuutfi6u
z
drJ
orrf ffi 6'u161fin {
t
;
. /^^\
.^- -^X.---Y(S.D.) = 4.27
ufi{qrnilu
(i) = rz.gs rirntlllriiulatuueJlq:$'na
xm o a or eiruurXt fi
aia crn:a.,:il:vn au ni6qufi air
tdu tfi n ar dru
60
1frn{liloaoit$acn{e.roruqlvi'rLruuyror6{au{oa.radaqvrfvrr.rnr:6uu (Post-tes0 6n
| - --4-|
V A f i r
Y rtrrr
|
n5.lrafii loufinrjrerruqruhildeiru :hn4'jr n{rumoaatfinvrruurqdu
G): zz.re Firdru
urfi
rfiuurul,rsJrqlntu(s.D.) = +.g nqrJenuqrufteruuuuradu G)
(s.D.) = 3.65 oi{qrnsfi (qnanvduolunrerzuurn t)
: re.1s d'lutfiu{tuttmm:$,pr
:
3 udosovul.rlrzuafiruqvrfvrr{nr:rtelu riorun:nndtnr:eiruufitfioejru:J:vnou?to{
"lttd
na9qq
tJfl oaa{ uaunatJo?uFr3J
cd
tct
ua{n1€Hula
R01tR1?t?tj$
t
nall
I
x
!
S.D.
X
S.D.
RAil?tOAA(!
!
17.e0
4.09
22.38
4.03
n8ilmunil
tt
17.e3
4.27
19.1 5
3.65
I
z. nr:riliuurfi
uu
zuafiHqvrfvrxnr:fiuu riounr:eiruvrrhfiararn{ar%oaa{
$nu
I
naSJ€t?uoil
qq
I
rfialflunr:rrdo.sr{an'lrrtuuriounr:eirurnri,.:froeiruil:vnouro.:nejrunonatttl6ur
Avl
liluununqNn?ilqN
'10
I
nrt{d 4 udq{ nlTrGuu rfi uu errr N tte] nsir{,u 0.: o v ttl.lutqd u uuuYl o aouior zua firuqvrfivn'l
nr:t6uu riaunr:eirusatn{utoao.:uavn{xoluqtr
nqil
n
x
S.D.
4.09
n6iuilono{
,i
33
17.90
nailflluolJ
qq
32
17.93
t (df
0.e0
4.27
= 32,0.05) = 2.M2
6 vlYt
I
t
v A
|
|
d
A
-,1-^^-^
-t-.'
amgrrrNfi 4 ayrfilrLei'jtovulat{rfifruilafrtJqil6ilr{nl:t5uu
nounr:oll.[141.1{da
don{wroaatfiovuuu#u Cx) tvirfiu tz.so
ra{ncjrunoao{$ayr'rdilo':uqrufieirlnfrrdu.:fiu
qll
A o e -V - ^-^Y-r,
i
I e
a
I
n{r.roruq:.rfioyuuurafralirr1t 17.e3 rfrori'rfra4aft 2 EotiluJiuurfiuufiu ilu'ilovttul.t
i
Y
, e, t.4-..--q,e-.-----az4--.2-r0.O5ttd'{,jffiaUnf:lOaO.S
' vr
[rJtlqngll{nilo ul.stJuud']fl ruilNdnqfl Tvot
rad ufl a{Yr{da{nqil
vA'-raeAio
rinGsurft aatn{e.lfiotruflufiasruafi:*arnroMr lfi urufiu
dawtrtl
3. nlTrilsUU ril UU r.rAduqilE nounl:o'11.ltla:n4n{nlTo'l1,t?Ja{n
rfi a rfi unr:Ltdo.r
rua frlJ
qvrdrnrt
nr: 6 uu
0
ililoao.:
aunr:eiruurX.: fi a5o un:o{il:vn
ri
CIu
nr{quta.rrin 6uun{xvroaor riliuurfi uufiu zuafiHqvrftasnr:t1uuu6'inr:rjru
5 udo{n1?r:Jierrrfierun?rrJuqnej'r{fla\:ovttl.tu#ouuunrdouSozuafri.rqvrdvrrt
drrvll
n15
t:uun aunlTaluua vli a.:n15011.t'Ua{n
n
x
no%n15 ilotao.:
33
17.e0
UA{N]5fl?UFIN
q
33
22.38
nntJ
q
q }Jm o n 4.1
I
t (df
J
omglTIltTl
5
qy6
,
a
4.08
1
1.02xx
4.03
= 32,0.01) =
2.75
i
,
A
u
d
v
a
ttdq{ lfi t14u?'l Ottll+l.{tqa u t{a duqmlYrl{n.lTr:Ejl.lll a.Jun tsuun qtJ
iloao.r riauunvud.snnil oaon
f
t
S.D.
A
fi erv$uurrstndr.:fiua c.jNfi
riudr 6'rgvrrr afi
I v
v
v
\vr
fi fi
:voYu
0. o s
rounounlTnqao\:uovrrl{lAraaurnlnu 17.e0 ua\:a1n [olo'r1,l141,l{frofrervuuutafiurYirfiil zz.:s
A
d\ar
v a
a
erA X
u
q.3t141,lto?lunttullSJFr?1rJTtilltJflu ua{a1n
\llar
ua
Atav
.tt X
too1ullu.sflailanaudTl\:fll{
7l
+. r:J6uurfiuuzunfixqvrfrir.:nr:6EJu riounr:airrura:nnA'.rnr:eirutamrjrfl?rlErr
tfiolfiunr:rno.:2n#a.rqvrfnr..rnr:6uu riaunr:eirurari.:fioeiru:J:ynausarfin
Fuun{runnuqe.r r:Jtuurfiuufiuzun#aqvrdvrNm:riuuufr.snr:mono$hj16'eirurari.:fiaioer
n:osrJ:ynornr{qura.rnq'a.r erru
qr
I
qrrNft e ucortnr:ttlSuutftuunruuqnsir.Jm.:nyuuruaduu:ruyrodou{ozundrunil6flr{nr:r6uu
t (df
= 32,0.01) -- 2.75
flngnfl'd e rrae,.:tfirfiu'jr
ocuuurqd Elzua&rqvrdvrr.:nr:6uuzo.:rin6aun{ru
nruqmiarunand.:nr:noao,,t iiovttuuuqndNfiuoe.hsfiriudrd'rgvrrrdfiGfi:coiu
riaunranoaa'lfiovuuuqfiu fi) rvirfiu rz.r+ uochjeirurnrftflo
o.os
ToaJ
rad'.rqrnfiu1fti.*ruuyrodou
ioamdriqvrfvrrtnr:rielulde,vuuurqdErvirfiu 1e.1s rfiuld.jrrinriuufthilfiui.,"r*.arolpi,
air.:duft nrr
$rfi ldurfi u.,r r6nrb u
s. nr:r:Jitlurfierualadeqmfvnmr:riuu ufitnr:ajruurT.s6ato.rnq'wroaarunvnrir
N?UO'J
q
AA
tvtotuun't:ttdo.1
na.:njiuurfiuuffiL
zun&rqvrdvrr.:nr:rieJuildsqrnnrrfi\trildeirurnritfi ar
otn{ru
er?il qsJ
trmsd z unomr:ltjielulfieruolilrqnqir{ratnvuuuradu$uuyndauiozuaffruqndrlon,,
16
uuufisnr:eiruto.:n{ruil
oa a{ tta yn
{ru
oru
qt
nQSJnOAA.S
nqeto?uEtl
Copyright
t (df
31,0.01)
=
=
2.75
12
qr6
j
,
A
a
u
v
--^---^r{
-7 rrdo{ 114r141.n1 flvrrl,naraauzuadilqmsmt\:n1TL5ut,t1la{{nr5uuna:J
alnnrrlilYt
molao{uavn{toruqt u6'.:nr:noao.:fieryuuulrqneir{fiuoEjrrfirXarirdryvrr.:aff6fi:v6't o.os
To ero
vuuurafi uto.:n{wroaotfi'[6'airurafiifi
._+f4-,.Ygrr
v_4
| v
o?:JfltJvl[]l[o011,[141,hldotvt'lnu
er n €ir ur/fir fi ofi
t
r.t
x
I
A
s
o
^ Mgrt
d.ld1J
22.38
rvirfiu
l6'ir
d
d
LtnynVtt%utqau%0.:na3.t
I
d
u),
X
ilnlsuun4tJylCIfiosfrenrqrfrrufluvrd.:
ffi {u air.l6u
tnflrd 8 udo{nr:J:srfiuortrufi{rnrotq1u1afi.rfia{oun:a.rrjzvnomr{qulourin6uudruru
c
d
oll'1fl
uatfi
o
rhfratunrnjtcfi$
9
I
o
nr*uitn
v
c
I
33 6ru
5'ru$ull
e'l
t0u
0'l
?aa
o1
?ag
01
?ag
1t2U
ac
u?$
ac
lt?11
a3
lt?11
at
10
30.30
qu'ln
5
15.15
qNtn
6
18.18
orJtn
18.18
o8.,ltn
9
27.27
otilln
12
36.36
orJln
13
39.39
n&1n
(Mode)
f;nr*nrcnrdogrJrcit
r. grllrimru.rrxuraulq
2.
rul ora{ilrhfro{ufi
t5
016'
dvo?n
28
:. nrrern{rrroc,tfitfr
a
4.
tumydn
27
tUm;Cel
24
n?lsJ ul?fl a.n,tfi.:fi0
5. fnlelilt,t110.:ttfi.:fr
o
na}JrydrJ
27
e. ni:{oriqrJ rirutdrurrryar
21
7. o?'uJcr.rilunrr:to.:nr:t{rmir
IU
I
184.8s
1""
ll'^",':,
I
frnr*ilsnr?ioarn
r
1",,
. nrnrjnfi orr:lruelrydtriu
AA
tat:0.1
z.
nrwrJnfirufliluraula
:. nrflil:cnouusinnafirarro.,u
r.iraulq
I
20
60.51
9
27.27
28
84.85
5
15.15
25
78.79
5
15.15
2
6.06
otJln
23
6e.70
8
24.24
2
6.06
oil1n
1
3.03
4
2.12
otJtn
orrJln
I
I
q. nril:J:ynouusinyufirrlamy
arfiuGor
I
I
Copyright
by
nrnil:ynauqrfitoJru
19
57.58 13
39.39
I
s.
I
Mahidol University
oil1n
73
snfl.:fi a (oio) udor{nffii:urfiuenraffi.:yloto
ul,|aluitu
nrrurt'tg
rhfratunrajts6u
1.
1v
33
,'
tl4Ft?'1,i5
28
84.85
15.15
ol3Jln
2. h4ct?1ildundt,tlurwfiorilAu
30
e0.91
9.09
orJln
:. eiruudrr{rtqria.il6'6
24
72.73
18.18
q. mulvlaurneiru
25
75.76
24.24
s. dirr qrun:m
21
63.64
24.24
e. fioruurtuaJtydrJ
27
8't.82
18.18
orfln
z. ftorrJsiorfio{ffuqnoo
23
69.70
30.30
otrJ'tn
78.79
15.15
6.06
72.73
21.21
6.06
20
60.61
39.39
o8Jln
orJln
Qr,
a. tfr'frafio 6
fi lvr aq:Jfo rou
olJ'ln
39.09
oNtn
q3J1n
12.12
urriunr:in:*rqr*
s. rmildfi ,rolilqrnafintunr:
I
frrurqnrnrnR.ruro6'al
f,nnnrnr:nfilfl
r
. nrureiruufrr rfrrlq,,ir u
z. nru'reiruudrlyr
ua cnhfi .l
25
75.76
24.24
:. sTr a cn:tfinrer
r?lrr.ryfl :.r
18
54.54
39.39
28
84.85
15.15
o3J1n
24
72.73
27.27
qil1n
19
57.58
33.33
+.
frrffnuem{ niuloifro reu
s. d':dnmlflu:vrfiuu
ji-.v
e.
fra
r5arlulrvmrYu rfio6ot
ntnnrn# e
e
vniulei'irfin 6uufi
ol ilfi {n otqluurft
otJrn
6.06
oeiln
9.09
fl o
6au.hv
r,fi n
6fi
{aairtdu
ffi
Copyright qby
Mahidol
University
tfluaeirqrn nrin6oernoitgrufiuxmrnrnj:vrfiuvi.r
ffn:*ruvnnj:cffiu do nn{odriri nn
74
{gnrl tdtr''
rxn
uutrlu.'fdt{ o{tu:vfiudmnrfludruluqj 6raplfi,jlari.:frafiair.:duiirflurarhfiafi
riuulfro,'aulq uadnrotqfittdairutarhfi
*o.lodrin risuldtifr ru
r.
Ao
areixiilfr uo eir.lr.lrn
rfr ufir
rfu dsfi
iiodmtrltnryufito
- lfrfiwngorard'ravenxrn 1
-
6'r
aconhovfi u{u grlft.nndu
- lfin:cor$aur
l tniifiaqytdrlrmunr:
- ft eiurrrirmnrfi ulrJ
L
(dotrfl or^rourr4n:ru)
rrnffiorfiudu 1
-
rur
gB
a{rrri.:fi o trrt myan
- ftfraortnrirnulod
-
rflurarhfradfi:J:slumi rirqcfi xdrzuuunidoh
-
d'otnntri'fi rari..rdoni{quxrn
1
u#s
rlJnnnrri{u afir}nurun un#onuaurs
lu:lo n fiuilfl rg u r :r a fi r*nr.: or nr ofirr Suq ymi or r ruqu u:.r rfi ru u', ndu
'lunq.lrvrl^wt4'l%Fr:uavtfto.strnr!1
fifiouorcYuaqjrauruuu
To' a
ralr r y
finr:qfla:dueir fiT:wru
aqdlun::e{u1nu1u riabfrrfioarnrolflufiu{rn:voruoqjrfirtrJ Lfluffu$:rurioqtnrnirr
nlufla{e{4:eeiTeuq:t 6.:rfluflrgrarrad.:iidail6'Anr:uffttadr.rri.roiru
ifinr:tv1olruf6a.r
ffiurfiuornroloue'N rfluifinr:rad.rii.flti'anerue'Eyrifin*ayrilufiuumr.rfla.:fiuuritilil
hfr lfi o'fl rgur ruafi r*mrta'', n", odu
nr:'lfidonrrdauilrvnvnnrirfi
ranrvufi.:fiafi fi nrvrnfqufi d{ rfl uiiaulq
1alr6n1 6tftenrrrdrrirgfiovdrertfrnr:6uunr:daufi:J:v8nGolnnulnfl,du niioriotfirfio
rq q o fi
fi 6 $a vfi
druir
oTo u
e.rtunr: urifl ryrnr oi.r n eirr
si
01il
inqrhunsfrs{nne{u
1
.
il:snlfinurffi
nirsrari.l fl a{o er n:o.::J:vn au nrf gu16o.r'rJ:ym
6'drrafurin 6 uu#u
+ rfiat{u*nounr:rierunr:aoulun{xafr..:rd?ruil:ycunr:niffi ql
16n
2. ilaao{ilr:J:v8vr6nlnsa.lrari':froioElnm.0:J:vnaunr{qur tudluo.lrruf,uav
tqnnGrosfinFuurfi urriu:lrgrarruafi r*rnNa.ln.l6t
r.
:J:vrfi uqorRln?ro{r4ri.rfr ofi a#rsduTe
u
{mxqrrq6
+.:J:v6uenre.rfi slratqluvrri.:fi afiair.sduTorour^*nFuu
n{udrarh.rdlf,lumrl{u
n{rdraeirtfi1ff[unr:roruto"*od,flnfinriuu#u:J:ynrdn:nflfi
av 33 or.r unv :z orsJ6irdu firird.rdnmaqtlunroGuufi
nv[:r?ru drfin.:ruse,rouqi d.:rionpryrileJiltl.lor:
r flnr:dnur
+,iruru z n{ru1
zsrg T:.:6eruio
r#osfiodldlunrRdu
r
.
rarit fi a5o
un:orrJ:vnou nr{gur6a.r "rJ:ym
16
n6,,
2- ttuuvloldouzua#e.rqvrfvrrtnr:t6uuriruru :o fra rflu*uu
c drrfian fiFir
narrurfraaiu o.zs €irorra.rurnire.raqj:vu'ir.l 0.20 - o.ao rnyueinyfiofidrurq,irrunxrnn.jr
o. zo 6sfr o,ir rfl unr:voaaufi o qilurn*oi,..,rrgrurarnr:?6.a
76
3. uiluil:vffiuqfut'lr1^na{vrisfiadrrnir{vr:.:qrx'16 z viru Tourtri.loonlflu
v
VttA
qt1'6gt.t.t6.l gt.ll,[
- tvayAy
lYl:.3 OOI? gllyl'l.l O1 lAd.] tt? gl A A rJ
qq9
- {vr:r q ru'1 dnls 6'runr :airsrari..r fr o r uil:vn o u
,t^VA
- zuyt:it€tftl?srYt1.30|.lun15fln:*1
{qq
1" Fr1,l
2€|%
2nll
9l1,[
2
ei
-4.-^v
?lmitolluBmlnau
Y &lu.
q
3
,
"-
a
^v
^
nmldueritfr
Ldorrfrunr:qrrJ{uqauLrar!1
z {usrau 6o nr:aircarX.tfraiou
nro.ril:ynaunr{qu lr6ynnyqaa{1fififi.1fia"1
eA
-9
1
|
|
. nTt6Thtl41NflOO1UUAnOil
1 .
I
\4v.
Y
- X o
Lelql tU%n1T9',t'1il?usto1.to.31.r €tO
nlrdh{rarXrfiaia unro{ilrynaunrSe'ru6o{ "rj:ym r6nd"
rfi
o
rdiruair.r
errufifiurfiuilnfiufll.ro1nret drr,nfirfinriuu#u:J:ynrufin:grilfi q Touriauairrldfinu
ji
y---X
y
, \4v,
a
ffaqarfia.ldhamnndmfrfiur{as Lduri rndnqm:rJ:vnrfinur v!ilDfinflf, zszr (ariuilfu:J:;
?\.q1.2
qifi
s33)
onr:tfirafinqm:uzuunr:do% uuu6uun{ruafr r rffiuJ:yaunr:niffi
tondr:nr.:imnr:druR{
u?
ofroN
z ilfn:su
fi
nur ranar:fi
rfr
q
fi
nul
urfi'rnr:aixrarirfr ad'tnfir r6n
ri::xnr:oru q x?r urfii^luf ua v {rfi urm rp uoi n v
dtu ldrrri oirufi.lurorn'aar drunr:aficarirfiaairurj:ynau drunr:finur unvn:frdou
U$
t.vArda
n n il dT1.t tfl :tJil:ydu ntril{a ql
r
y-
Yv
I
t
.
o ri r
v
;,
uunir
v
qr n
v
"rj:ymr6n6" To sril{aln
t .: dirsufitfiaeiruio un:4.1il:vnounrSqu6or
gg
Aa
y)
u Z "
.
vtf,n:vrxr l r5axti'sriruunirorn{rfru?mrg m{orirrflurnri.:fiaeiru:J:ynaunr:6etilnrdau
fsai
loElttiutia.mril:vnvrnr:siurfir:J:vmanr:6uu1u;rJrruueir:J:nfiufrflu#oun:a.r (nrndurfi
)
,U
6a.:nr
vo: uvrurvr€r?l;J6otarsr'rnynnirlrjdnlil
Ga{ doo uil:no?lrl
dtndulutllfiotrilffu lnrSoarfrrqnro::ru qiuo::sJoru{'lr-tfiuerlalfzn.rirrnr: tqolil
1
1
fi
frra
9J
rfrrtq
dq.ttul
arq:niunvqunru1ut6irurdur ftnluJ:ynaurflunrnlqnrfqlufrdil:ynolrfioulelaoo60.l
nurota.q:Jrrirun:vfrofor
9^
v
I
"ly
nir.: rs r{uAuJsE
u11 26 rqufiuJen vtt,t'l 32
urir l.lflvrur
d
ttl,n9l': tft?A1A]U qO-eO Uryl
t
.
q nrirnTs'rurvrfie fi o
nfi
atri'rafir
fi o ft
:J:vRvr6nl^r
ru
m
ytunr:rir'lrjt# ffi {'u
16'r;r'[r.tvro,nootfi'[r*fu6'r,:er*.:fi'urxn6au#u:J:vnrudn:*iflfiou'*ofirvronattfifi'urin
A
ia
vt
tSut*frfrolrufiJrunnr.:
u
|
t eru erirfi z fi'urin6uufifienre.r-5.:y6'uri.r
|
IJ
odr.rnv 1 €nr r?N 3 or4 uavo*o+i
:Jrunnr.:
rLay€iau
,
hfrrinriuu 30 Frueilu {?i'u'ldrirzuun.l*rua,fi'td
lunrvorno{udavflStmlfluuurrjfirrh-guittvrri.rfioeirurfirufirutrifionunr66odu
riauvrr
qAD
n.l:ilono{q?.t
77
z. n"nrona$f;rnft darinnhivnau
q r,
ghv
md'uLfnrttonatuuuaosnejru Soamriau ua:nnfirnmilono{ (The Pre-test
Post-test Control Group Design) unnirnr:moao.:ToEdruuuilodaufozuafiirqvrfnl.rn"n
riauhJvr oraauriounr:rroaas (Pre-test) fiun{wr ona.:d.rfi rin riuur,trfi
UA
uan[nt?u1,mnua11,[?u
1
5
viruru s
o1.r
1
VA
17 0U UA:n[n[TUl,[t1EJ
Frtt
15
ou rirnialffulfinar ao urfi u{udrs z d:Jorrf rirrarisfiaeirurfir.n6#dair.rdul:t1finq'a.r
moaa.:eirulutanr eo
urfi
drun{ruerruqa.rhi'l6eirurnrisfro ra6'.:qrn#ufrru:.Jilodauqo
rfirul:Jvroaouufrsnr:eirurarftflo @ost-test) fsn{e.rvreaa.:rnrr{amrr:-rqilffnar Eo urfi
,
-X
ilauflnno{1,[
1
. rGaurfi aunvuuwqd uzuafra.rqvrdnrsnr:r6uu
riaunr:eiruurirfiaeirurfi t
rfi ru
:na'lrtn{xvroaa.luavn{roruqa.rlocrlfiafi6 t-test udrnu'ir lriuqnsir{fiuoair.:firiudrdrgvn.r
afififi:cdu
o.os
z.
rG uu rfi uu
sr c
uuutad
u
r.r
a
f;i
qvrfvrrs
nr:ri
au ri auua :na frrnr:eirurarh fr o
tfirut6esam{rmoaas Toulfiafifi udrrru'ir fiolilrqnsir.rfiuoairsfiriardrei'rpvrr.snfi6d o.os
t. r:Jtelutfiouorn***dernrade.rqvrfvrrmr:rtuu riauua:nnfr.:nr:eirurarisfiarfiH
rfilm..rn{:loruqruToutfiafi6 t-test udrvnliilrifionrlusnsiNaejrfirh:drdrgvnsafiffi
o.os
a.rGuurfiEJr"tu**,*duarafra.rqvrfvrr.,:nr:rieru udsnr:eiruurisflarfia.rufiru
::nn'hm{a.riloao{uavn{roruqa.rToer1fiafi6 t-test udr$ru'ir$qnsir{fiuaairrfirXerdrdeg
v
-^î
Ylt{6tnqn:uotu 0.05
.
m{ulfirirrarhdoeirurfim6a.rl:Jtfi{vr:squ'1d z yirurirnr:rJxrfiuqrur'r'lrtl
rafi.:6asnrJtruu:J:cfiufiffi{uafr.sdu ToufirnrudlunrnJtvrfiudo6mn 6 nalfi err:uritn
q d'n:*ns 6o nr:
6og:Jmiru nr:{onrlry rdarnroqjlurnruryftJ:sffiu:yoiudann tudrunr:n;itffaqlurnrud
zuaaq:.t16"jr qnnnflm{rarX.sflodrurfiia.t6e.rdafi{duqinnrr:J:vrfiuf.:
:J:crfir.l:sFhjd
nanrd:;ffiunrrrufitl totqtuufi.rdodrurfi ufiefiffituafi.:fu ernfinr6uud
ldeiruraritfrad.:nrilriruru 30 Fpr :J:tn4drrXn6uulfrerrrxaulquavfisflatqufi.:6or6isJ
Xa
I
uruuauNmn
ftrfu
.^--A-Z--4-.
d-
arnzuan'rivroaotd.sneire6slnroqyaflJrflurda.rdul6"dr
.l
,--..4
|
a
e'
a
v 4
y
rari..:floeirurffru
| \tiur-
qa
6
t9ltJvlflTl{fl% 3Jqnm1l"loslrrunr:rJ:vuruao..:{vn:qrx'1d uavufi..:f,oo'.:nrira1pt'dret trlrdn
u:-.{_.-^^,^-..^.a^-_dy-Uo I
a_.A_..a_.4 _
a A
a
r !or
-e-.d-.-.-iY-t,-'--.--u
unLrul,[vltaartll4lNf,at?,ltJtOtJfin?ltJitfisiflunir{n15aufr'hi-Loejrt,tutf.ido
6tnrirr L6.jr
qr,
ev
u
d
, a
e-,-^.--"4-o
\y6
^^-y-d--,--..;-.....A-p^^4-.&
l4lNfloal%t?'l3Jts]3.lildT'Nfluu Nil5vdil6R1rt{ [unr:Lrlomeifn-utrnr5uuldrfluoairsd
78
*1Jannni6'u
1
.
ncuul.rhtafiruqvrdvntnr:6eru,u4.:rin
rierun{runona{ ufrsqrnfi
du
nr{qufi c{r s
qr n'lr ri o un r:eir uun v6s n.j r n ej ru o.u
rarirflaiaun:aqj:naunrSqu6'.snrirr aeirrfiriudrdrgvrrsafi fifitvdu o.os
So u
n:4.: :J:vn
o
z.
q E r?
aAra
sJJ
a
H
u
qu
€irurarX.:fi a
fit*ildeiru
nrtJ:v6uqrut'n?tr?ro{rarisfiaio un:a.r:J:vnounrfgufi afr .sdu Toar{vr:.:
!l,[nil.r| orJ'ln
3. nr:rJ* ffi ueta r rufi .:tt atqluu fi..t fi afa u n:a.:ilrvn au nr {q ufi a{rtdua {lu
rnnrryl6mn
afirj':nunnnnidu
dafiqr:ffinruqfiii#ofiqrna,rnnr:t{unftd uaortfr'niu'irrarhdaeirrufirufiedoun:o.r
il:vnaunrnnr{qrutat "rJ:vsrr6n6" iirfle,fuairodu clulrnrirtJt#rl:ynornr:6uunr:cau1u
tilrlii,fiu.riu:hgrarruafiuilNarn1fl tun{ruimairtrdinrl:vamr:rriffist :ydu#url:wrrudn:yrflfi
I d iX
\ve
'tdriluaeir.rd
|
.
?-u", -
.
+
I
^
^.6^r{.rfitvrnchhurnrucinr:rhcrfiuiirfulf
6o firJ:vRvrinrndruorlruf trfrrin6uuiiui.rufi
-.1
v.X
nflruf$fiu nr:Jfiffiuonmfi.rilotem.rrin6uu unvnmJ:vffiuqnutlr^rsol{vr:rqru.16 oqjlu:vdu
6mn nrirrda
r
.
firJ:vRvrfinrnlunr:rfi
rollfuri{dru
drrfi uldqrnrfi on6u:-rrfi
uuoruuu# uû
ft.rqvrdvrr.:nr:t6uu riouuanafr.:eirurnrhfiorfur6lfiairrdutom{HroaatloutfiafiG t-test udr
vlu'hfinautronsiNorir.!firbdrdrgvrxafififix6'r
o.os rrao.yjru6'{qrndrwafi{fiarfiru6adair.rduu'ffr
v A
1,[n
a
v), X
[: ul.lrJ 9t?'teqty't ult u
2. rari..rfiarjrurfialrfiffiair,,:duoglurnruddllrn qunrflJ:yffiutor{vr:tqru,ldunv
namvailfiqni{:Jmuulli raSat#rj:tnounr:6uunr:aau Toufifiauu:nir}i'uritrurdrurdu nrurfi
tfi nmrJ:vnau uavnr:{og,J,riu lflud'u myrfiofiqr:il1tudruenufis^ro1q?a.lfin6uu rin6uu
fi'tdaiurari.lfroeirurfurfiarfiorufi.rvrolqtuufi,rfiodrurfix16a.rfia{rtduoglurnruddmn4.sqod.:riu
fuaronrinlffirrari'lfiochurfietr6ruiaun:auJ::nomr{quriar "il:smrdn6"iioir.:duftqnrnrrrrfiwyro
rirftdrtlfiJ:cnounr:6uun'',tatudrrardruflrgr,rrtlnfiumrsarnrel
drrafi.rrinFuu#ur]:ynrufin:*r
flid q iifi*nuruvtn6'rdusriunr!rudrodxfirhrntfilum:i{un*.,:dtdodNrulrceu uayfir]tvfiyr6nm
tunnrfi
quenuf fiaurafi
Copyright
oldrfl
d
r*vrr.ror nr
uo airr
f,a$raMsflnnnidu
r. rari.rfradarm:nlfirflurarhfradrxdufiru loutfrfinrrJhnlpqnrnrnsasafirflasnx
. rirursrirso.:{vrxqru'lduoiav6tler r6io1fifiqnrnrilua:nJ:c8ilfinryr6Ei.du
2.
omrfl olonralfirinriuueixr:neirrufr un urleroa
ra6a rfl unr!rufr'td
g. crmhiltitfiadruffiru6#a+"du bflfifiueirurfynauuioeirrufiufirulunaruta
uon rufioqrn
nolm?dou?a{o?
4.
ernrh'l:Ju{Erunduri{eu1o r$iarirlillfiJtTsrnllunr:Guunnnourtotflryrarmfiu
Yn{omrt #rluuaumrnarulxr6uu
t. dtfi nnri*Xofiaeiurfilrfi udmftro''aumarierunr:nau ornfinr:fiosmnjxfiuam
rdarfl
uumrrulunr:dsunnfi.rfi alfrfi qunrndCi6*
f,armrouwlunnytf i{unflrdotj
1.
omfinna{rsrftflaeirurfhrfirurfiarfiuflrgnmfiudrudul
rfi-d. rdrdryranili
dafiudu dorfruurarisenrrfrJmraunrrfiuunndau lunrimfurffimJxaunnrriffio
drrafr.nin
A '-A
.rtl,
t:uusuoucl stot:J
2.
or:finrn{qruruuuiotJ:c8vrGnrnmsvri.rfia uonnafiaqrnnnioonre{ rdu
arofiemruuuiorj*8vrfinrilra$arhflaludruresrnfi
uialudrunr:rJfirifi fiudu
3. or:finrai6stwiruotdloadnurnr:vroaorturdar'rdu1
idrfiunulfienle,iuriif
riuulura frnqoraniauonradn6o:
u5:u1unflJ
nrlJiflm:
nrrmrdnu6m:.
nT{ryll
uJ1411.rO:,
(afiurlfrlJp n.o.zs:t),
T:.:fi Xdnr:ff1du'1, 2s33.
roiada{ollnnnrieluf #uilrunildnurflfi q, rq{rmilennrro:'
T:.rfir.rdnn€tr6{u1,
2533.
qQaQr6VI
flu{1un'nfl:?qm'lrJdulaudv:diluil[unTr€i1ur0.:r0nuasHl?flt[ytu.
nT[yt1,{tJt41
aa(
l[nT: A{taflUnTil
t3J14, 2520.
n:ruirnnrt ote{nr:qrunTn. autrunnircrfl#60.r:JruurdturodarufiuuTtlilrunnfinurm.ilnu.
nhanr:fixfi n:sJefinr:,
2s34.
n:*r duvr{rrfir uanhn{uf Tnual:;xri.. rafrnnn{od.:urofrorufinu. nroimor4irnftmur
ruo,'cs{ marin urfi u m*rt,n
errw
ril
;b,r
orucn?ilJnrfuurodoluvilnfi, drtinnu. nndn:ndmqflrumilnfi:Jflr{ornrorfia.:qrnuru
nrutr:ml,:unlunFrmnun:. fllirryntrJ141r{or
:
2s3s.
e,Atrv
oruf t5o.: Rr r? o da sJ (o"o dr rur) nT ryty{ rJl4run:: nrnfi Hr{, z s r o.
Qszt-zstz) n?{ryl?r-
'laf
il1411.[O:: [T{yttJ?tn'DFl'ldu't.2532.
nq{ryry{N}nurn, Txfi rur{qpnr arolr$n,
2533.
nnanslilnnnr:dnmuvirrrfi drrin.:ru ua{ufrsrurnr:6nurrrvi.lrn6. nprmnmarun:, drfinurun
VA
lg8Juetr,2s2s.
iusru'r tunrg6. nn6uudanr:6aunr:dau. n}rryn^rlr4.r%or:
.ffiarardu,
2s37.
t6a coctrfiu. nr:rj:n{ufuqvr:mrn6lvru rJ:uTuorfiiaru6nurqau:Jaru. n?{rflililil.ruoi, dntn
aud
raTruytftu, 2s10.
8l
a?r:rnr
riuvi. nnrilnrirdadrufrl6n nT{ tyn\sJl41um: arJ:mrfi
qrarfi
ri
fi,zszt .
rH 4finro. rvroluTadmrtnmdou$ncnr:fintn. nilryrluJl41t,r€r:;:J:vat*fiq:,
u:tri
ru rfiurlrail. mfi:ydrurofiaru. nflrynrrrl4luo:' Tarduunls#,
ru:.re{
yro.niru nr:4fr.:rari.:fiodrrafil6n nfl ryn4rJl4run:: trrufirud,zsze.
H.rJ.rJ.
2s2s.
ar:cfi{tqiluyternlnrdrufi.:dafirailr6n. nTtryt}rrJl4tu€F: otJrnmfirur{,zszz.
dffi
tlasfllaau. frouer6sanin6srufiarfiunr:eirwarisdaua#o{dil0. m{rytflaJ14'luo::
orueiraris
4"
6{0afl1a{n:n$JuTjyt u1du, 2s04.
v
v
v
,r
-a
tfrlort 5quf,oftJ.
nn'fiemtilruma
-e-,-,
a
3J14Ttil
r
s
a
.
uav ilfrnqsnfi{urofiarrdnur. Iemnr:dnursiarflo.t
-F
UmUtJUOn, 2538.
n{s o{t6rJ. nr:efr.:uri.,rfranrnnr{gurJxnouun6uursor arnrflaro{nr:riraru:Jrlfidnafurin6eru
'furunffim*rfld e.ivranfu^rufrFcgrgrdnvroraenrnnrTrufi, er''do,nr#aHdnryrrirufisl
ivrerrdu ruufmurdarufion, zsza.
finu6 ryG6. rnoTuladvn.:nr:dn:*r. nT{rvrl rrJr4lucri: quflrfiqmrfirfi.
Itrtft 6.l].
fi:ua
nTr rynrrJr4luor:
zsr z.
INfi rufi uwjfi yta1. zs2s.
nd'urjrr. omrufuavrruqfin::maoindnurivrurfruogrfi arr{ulnfi#.ruro#axlunqrmnrnnr
uen. ivtsnfiilufrJirgrurdnuroroo{ililrrirufiq aurd.:urodaerdnur :irufisr:ilurfru
marimurfrulfion,
zss+.
vav
riuda nqn:iaiu. r::sun::rudrrafi.l6n nilrylt^trJfiun:,
lilu{qmynrit,
zszr.
$Um:al fiorJioru6qvrf. *€queffi6trvrrrftoxornn{. nTrryrlrJr4lu€r:, drrinfirufiarlre?zuy{rfis,
2531.
:J:voo.l mrruq$. cfi6rfionr:i{trvrr{$rq6n::lJoraq{. rJ4runir, rirVvrqudrari.rfra o:.el6aidrfro,
rJ:vfiu ofiruurer. ntdnurrGuurfiuuzua&rqvrfrnnr:6uuirnqnfinuno.ninr6eru#urJrvrrrudnur
flfi e Toanr:coudnenarft franr$qufiunr:nnaourln6. ivrarfiranrffi rgrnnfinurruur
rirufi qr rTrufi sr:n urffa rtr,tf m grduo6uoiuvr:iT:er rj:varr4fi q:, 2s't 8.
rJ:vq: q:rumc{. nrnrr:urtlrda.lnumfur nT:ryrlrsr}1'r%or: T:sfirur{qpnrnroyr$n, zsrr.
tJ*,ffiS u,qrttd. nr:dnurniimrfiuuanf;Hqvr6lunnriuuirnafi.rrdfu.nJ:vaunr:niffiq
fin risufnrJ:wm 6n:*rfl
fi z
Io ul#n'naoudn urari.:fionr{quriunnaar.uJn6.
fiiluffirgrnr:dn:*rrnnrrirufiq
fiq:.
flr.liqf
vr65srd.
a T_
-4 -
v-ttf5 outdtJ.
flair
?m
ur
r.inrfisrimurdu m,rrivrurfiu€Guniuyrfibsr :Jrvaru
zszz
iffit'o*qAnou*a*$r*rfioou*m{
,y
vA
6
n1ryn,{rJr4ruon T:.rfim{rq?ru,,ta,
'
2s31.
,
nrtdr-l$r4u{daRtrmrqull:unouun6uu6al6u drr,tfirrinfiau#urlrcnlldnuflfi
AA6aA
?vrurfirrruffi rgrdnuomsnrJilr:ftrfi
q
s.
arrrfu urod'orudn:n rirufi qim urfru rJur-
iuur#ue.rfioa, 2s31.
ffRg
urofibl. nr:dnurzuannr6uufrrnraritfionriquflffi6rir6aruuusir.iriu.
ivrurf,nu rJirprgr
nr:6n:*rmarrTrufi$ rirufisrivrurdu lr,tfivrrlr6'ur6uoiilyn'iT:er il:ydrufisn, zszz.
lntnv riosffi. erlilauleeianntirurarftfianr$quno.rr6nnrnoyiuoonmuJxryrolna. iyrurfinuf
o?flir{enrJurirufi q
rTrufi
qiilurfru
Xr{ra.rn:nirtilfiilurfiu,
zszq.
av
a € X X 6y, . u
-.-eeT--aa
9-.^^^.---..-.ilaufitnndtflu?.41mfl[unNtyl]rsJr4run:. nTtryty{rJfiunr: uirhaeliunf n3ufu n{rl 'irfio, zslt.
nsriilfi quanu,ftiviivrEnorca#ar_iu:rsfrufi CIudnrr
nTltyly,lrJfi
lu€r:'
uffi rfi oufi rd'irfi'o,
2532.
I:frsr 4fiil64{ad. flrurardrurodoH nflryr}rsJr4luo:: uqn.fininfiuU:andwfird, zs:s.
A^v
nsfiuo
6a.rdnm. "rurr4rrarhfiofi'umarv". rj:vne.rdnm
rsdri'uf a:Jilrnfiri. donr:Fuunr:aau
(rz nm4rner zszr)
n?,uyn4u141uo:,
Ior6uualqS, zssz.
83
?Tlv,n
oliryrr:nr "nnrJirr:Jduurflrue.nuromr:rflquruuudr6w nndral:cnaunndauirnnn
dofir.rlqvnrdrurofraer ec,lfimmfiuxfi oa,H.rJ.:J.(dodrru;r)
. :Jruurunmr:nruqruamfiu. uor:rJp , l.lrutrunr:fia.rdcnrriur{q*ru'lnrffifi'Tilq?l
arrfiuu aJfiriilurdueJfioa orarur,
2s31.
?ldur f,ntar. dannriuunr:aor.l n1ryn rlllrluo:,
4:?.Av6AvAfafd
?uu ?rtff)qr1{.l1luyt.
TEuy
+AaA..vca
ffidru.
nrnnunrd.:mon0rJ6ln:r1 nTtryt]rail4lunr : [or6uud[s6,2s32.
nnrfiu@.
nilryltrll4ltro:: d6iu'ld.l&u, zszq.
ilarfio rdRu' e or z m{:*eiffudruro#or.
i:v
ett
Tar6uucTsr$,zssr.
n?.$rvmsJl4rusn:
dnueroffiod,zszr.
4vrmar.:. nr{Eudrra$:nr:cau nTryrv{rJrnun: 3 dnlnrfinrfl{firufi, zsra.
qriu.l "qrnolSfiaw{fiufi.:Ianro.narhrrdu."
Tnnrarftfio.
(r
fimor
zszo)
artrJ:cctri flu6uor unvoslle. dfionndnmuandqrurnnr6n. n1:ryrv{rJ14runr, I:tfirdfiaruo,
2526.
arnn,:d
ffirfiru
$ncnn&. dfiannldlegfi'ou{qq. nilrynrrJl4luffi: rr{onnr:firuf, zsoo:
dlon fiururr4rr6.
il:rrat
a
nr:rGtlutfiuuzuadrJqvrfunnr:r6uur3o..r
m.rrinriuu#urJ:snxdnurflfi
'o'm'r6t' Ioutfnrnrirsriunryrnr{qu
, fifi*duâft.rqvrdnnnrrr6uusir{ffr
futuffirgrgm?rnden Jl4rrirufi$ :irufiqiilurfru
nv{rn.ln:rfu.rilrifl ur6'u,
d3J143J1u
anor-
da
zsza
r{fn.sr{. nr:efr.:uri,ldofivnuiournasjfinounrv{ drr,tft:rlnriuu#urj:ynxdnurflfi
ivrurfinufdnmrt'tds#sJurirufiq :irufiqriyrurfiu ililriilurfielrn:csrrcndq{,
aalo: zuadqrg.;:Julutomrvrnr{gufidra{asionn6uufaa.,:rin6uu:vdu#u]:cnru6n:g,r.
r,Brgrgrnndntnruurfrufiq
rhifiqiilurfru
Hrar?yruduel6ucr?um:iT:sr
z.
zszo.
ivrsrfuruf
rjtyarrfiq:,
2522.
84
ftnrsr urn1il6qn. m:6nurn6uurfiuuzua&.rqvrfvrr.rnr:riuu:na'iNnr:6uuq'lnni{qu dfiunr{qu
inurfinuffi
m'reir
rgnr:6n:*rlrnr:inrfi o
filfi oiilard'u ilurivrurduasuo3urniLer
il:cdrufiq:.zsrz.
ar6fi ftqrffu{. nrdfr{unnoaa.fl{rari.rfioeirurJ:nauriasnfrrdrurodaru drra$rrinr6aufiurtrt
nrudnmflfi
s.
ivrurfinuffirgrfrnuroraarfinnrirufi
marivrurd'urufi
on,
n
anr€lurodaaldnm rirufisfiilndu
2s3 s.
qfiu niuvnqa. enrlfuarfrouorfirfiurfiudrurofrondnurraqinriuu tuT:triuu:cdurJ:mru6nm
ehuqonrun::r ftraionrlvr::Jann. ivrurfinu6:j?rgrgrdnuornqilurfilfi$ aurAva,
fi.r
uro doxfi
nur
rTrufi slin
urffu qdrn{nrrfirJurin urfru, z s::.
q:fi T:orior:uruuvi. dnrrvurofralro.rrflqaurJnfiudnrrsuro6'orJ.
n?.uyninJr4lu€r:, T:rfirufinrh
nrn:nbrurivrurdu, zs:2.
qn.:iorri ru fivrqs. nr:fin:*rrGuurfimrunftiqvr6lunnr6uuimqrdnunooin6uu#urJ:sneJdn:er
flfi z Tounr:aoudruufirfianr{quffirnrrdauruur6ru.
ivrurfu^rufu?rgruro?ords#ililr-
v^vdda
uil6r|0 unrflsnnulau, 1$na{nTnarJl4nilmau,
qrrit
2521.
et6air. nr:6nuronruaulntunr:eirurarftfranr{qura.:r6nrinrtuu s
fl, s fl mc ro fl flnr:
dnur zsts. ivrurfuiufiJ?rgrgrnr:dnuuanIrufiq rTrufioiilur6'rrm,nivrurduo6ue6uvr:
il:srilrvarufisn,
quvrS
2s16.
firriolirnn#rari.lfiodrufurfin qf:JruynrflJ:crno5ilurfu^ruffiryrnr:fin:yracar:irufisr
rirufi qiyt
urdu
a a
T-::---{
marivr urfigc6uerir.rvr:il:sr rj:carufi
u
r6rflilfl ldmln. aenilull tsilulnl?.
rra.lfiud
nrfit
"arnrlniltvrn
aa
d
a
q:,
z
sz z.
6
n?{ryl11rJ14'tufn: fr duSnr:fr rufi , zsz s.
r inqorflrg#ifraq*urits"
rJ:vrnrn6q:fi0. (e-ro f,carnal zs:r)
:
a
ufru dwall.t. nr:zufisnafitfiodrilfiJdn. nroimrafinqqruacnrrdou orruvdnmorcqS aJfiriilElrd'u
erturriuvrfiT:er fi uqlan, zszs.
85
o:fiu rdulffi. urnilr.rnrar{qrurufrnqm:fuBro6'oldn:n:cdufiue.rfin:girmqJ:vrmolmu. imur
fivrufr.l?rurufilurorasr{eJfirirufiq e'nrydrurofrollunmfourn:drdq{ :irufisnilurfru.
3J?1T1nU1A U3J14qn, 252 1 .
qfier ar4inr$rur?m{ nrt:Jiaurfimzuanr:riuu-5.ornr,tri.rfiani{qluToa6uufi'uogunv6uudrunwa{.
im
urfinuffi
:Jtcdrufiq:,
rgrnr:6n:*urarrirufi
q
:irufi qiil
mdu
m,rrivr urdue6r.roriuvniT:sr
zszq
Amsden Ruth H. Children's Preferences in Picture Story Book Variable Journal of Education.
Research New York : the Mac Milian Company, 1960.
Becker, Stephen. "Cartoon" Collier's Encyclopedia. Vol5. 1962.
Beer Bohm" Sixmax. "Cartoon" The World
giok
F.ncyglg195!!a Vol 3.1969.
Chinroo4 Juanita Ca$on."The Relationship Befin'een Environmental Knowledge, Environmen
tal Attitudeand Locusof Control inSelected Yoth Conservation Camp Enrolless.
Dissertation Absracts International October, 1977.
Concil on Environmental Quality Environmental Quality. The FintAnnual Report of The
Concil on Environment Quality.Washington D.C.: August, 1970.
Fenshom" Perter J.
'A
Report on the Belgrade Conference on Environment Education." Interna
tionalWorks on Environmental Rlucation Belgrade 'Octobsr, 1975.
French, John E. "Children's Prefernces for Pictures of Pictorial Pattern."
in the Elementtary
School Journal." October, 1952.
Good. Carter V.Dictionary of Education.New York : Mcgraw-Hill Book Comp any,1973.
Huck, Charlottle S. and Yong, Doris A. Children's Literature
in ttre Elementary
School. New
York: Holt Rinethart and Ninston. Inc,l961
Piffman, David J. "Mass Media and Juvenile Deliqvency, "Juvenile Deliqvency.
Phylosophical Library New York: 1958.
86
RichmonJame M.A. "Survey of EnvironmentalKnowledge andAttiude of FiffhYearStudents'
in England. Dissertation Abshacs International February, 1977.
Russel David H. Children Leam to Read. 2 nd ., New York : Ginn and Company, 1951.
Swan, James. 'The Challenge of Environmental Education.' Phi
Delta IQppen.
September,
1969.
Schmieder, Allen A. "The Nature and Philosophy of Environmental Education: Goals and Objec
. tive" Trends
Sones, W.W.D.
in Environmental Education. Paris Unessco, 1977
'The Comic and Insfiuctional Mathods." Journal of klucational Sociology.
@ecember 1944) : 238-239
Stapp, William
B. and Cox, Darothy A.
(ed.) Environmental Education Activities Manual.
Mchigan: Thomson Share Inc., 1981
Thorndike, Robert L.'Word and Comics.' Journal of Experimental Rlucation 10 @ecem
ber 1941) 100-104
Tinkor, MilesA.
@ading.
NewYorkAppleton century crofts, Inc.,
1968.
Walkosz, VivianA.A. Snrdy of Environmental Ecological Education Program in the Flementary
Grades
in
Selected Citiesof
Illinois. DissertationAbstractslnternational November.
t972.
Witty, Paull A. "Children's Interest
,
cation 10 (december
l94l)
in Reading
The comic.'Journal of Experimental Edu
100-104.
nmmnn n
88
11
ulrl il
{r:{
qrujofilunrnJ:v fiuqruntvlrnritfi a
{rmqru'1d1unr::Jxfi uqnunnurft daia en:as:J:mounr{qu r6ot"rJxmr6n6"
I
a
lt
vX
r
u:vnouo?urJ7|:{qil?w 4 o'lu o{1.r
9
{m:.rqr4fivrrrdrud.:urofr'aldnm,iruru r viru 16'uri
r. :a{dldsrnorai on5ftJ i:vieuruuvi
qdnr:finur
Ptr"D.
eiruradr :o{orasmor:6
anrufidrsru nrn?rndnr*r€fiaq# orucfr.rcuJoraq{uavrJulruoraer{
ruurinurfrurufioa
{vr:tqnrl6vrrrdrunr:air.ryfi.rfioil:vnou,iruru z viru lduri
1. ltlu?:uu d:dirl4
66A
'16nr:dnnn no.ru.
eh
uuli.: arqn
,
Elfi
rou
(
{vr:.r qrul d nr:
rfi
uurafirda
16 n
)
ruufnurA'uo6ueriuvr:iT:w (ilrvarufion) unvruurinur#uuonr:drlvru
anrufidr.nu drrinfirdm:xrdn ({rirurunn) nug$pnrv
z. urumfivr
nvrar.
ffi6
'1finr:6nur
or.
cirurar.ir {riruafrnm6alru:J:vmftir{uf
,.Alvvv6e
dnluylyrlit'Il.t RlFt?flnT*l lfl u dnTJuTlf,nau.ludilr0ql6t?',tTyu'l
{n:.:qrr4dzmrdrunr:dnur ,iruru z viru lduri
r. ur.,:fir:rn:rr[ aq{Tel
Â
?ellnTrflnu] nft.rJ.
ehuud{ {:J:varuouairur{flurfirilonr:6n:sr rar.irudnr*rfirnori nrar.
z.
undrrn::rfinri
qvrdror
AA
?srnTr€h:91 nd.rJ.
siruradr {riruoraomqr:Ei
!
:vdu e
anrufifirru nrnirnnrurlvru anrriu:rrfigrirualtdor{rilryul
{rm
q ru'1
6mr.: drunr:daun
{
mix rdi*nJ:cau nnniffi
r. urtarrrlnn: Tnmwu
a4
sl
?srnnflnul nfl.il.
89
shuild{ orqr:El z r;dl.r
!-
t
nnrufifirtru l:rriuu{onrlnfrrx drfin$unsrmqi nvrl.
z. uruuSo
tmrdt
Â
?qrnnfln:el nof.u.
eirulad{
!-
aronf z svdu t
cnufi dr.nu
T:r
rsuuiolrardc6qilnu drrin{rrursrnurii
nvnr.
Rmmr?n
t
3)t
^
nmtfm:n4!aila
t
9l
e
dttroc
olf;'Nyr
qTruu6foiteirn?]ruutn.hu
p) uncfirdT{rqrftuun
(r)
urluyrodou{oorllfrsor rafi:gmrarnref
vd
I
?ayl
h
Pr.
,]
7
3
6
4
7
5
7
6
8
8
6
9
5
10
5
11
I
12
8
13
8
14
7
15
7
16
6
17
8
18
7
19
6
11
3
0.68
12
2
0.75
10
2
0.62
10
4
0.62
12
2
0.75
ls
la
I'I'
ls
t,
7
7
PH-Pr.
l4
7
2
Pr*Pu
t,
l3
I'l2
t,
I'lo
I't1
2
0.75
10
6
0.62
10
2
4.62
I
2
0.50
8
2
0.50
10
6
0.62
12
4
0.75
11
5
0.68
3
0.68
12
2
0.75
7
5
0.43
12
4
0.75
11
3
0.68
2
0.62
I
I
lo
l4
lo
10
I
I
I
I
I
0.37
o.2s
0.2s
0.s0
o.rt
I
12
11
r
p
|
I
0.2s
0.7s
I
o.zs
I
I
o.2s
I
I
I
I
I
|
|
|'
|
0.2s
o.7s
o.ro
o.ez
0.37
0.2s
0.62
0.s0
0.37
0'2s
20
6
1
7
5
0.43
21
7
4
11
3
0.68
0.37
22
6
4
10
2
0.62
0.25
23
7
5
12
2
0.75
0.25
24
8
4
12
4
0.75
0.s0
25
4
10
2
0.62
0.25
26
,6
I
3
11
5
0.58
0.62
27
6
1
7
5
0.43
0.62
28
5
3
8
2
0.s0
0.25
29
8
4
12
4
0.75
0.50
30
8
6
14
2
0.87
0.25
I
0.62
92
gm.:fi
t
o
M{o{nv$uuhrafrxqvrdnrmnr6eluidfin riuwhlflu.fufiwulurJ:.Jylo6{au
I
alottm
ovuurxfou (x)
x2
1
13
169
2
16
256
3
25
625
4
15
225
5
21
441
6
14
'196
7
19
361
I
26
676
9
15
225
10
27
729
't1
21
441
12
26
676
13
8
64
14
23
529
15
19
361
16
20
400
17
21
441
18
26
676
19
18
324
20
27
720
21
12
144
22
25
625
23
25
625
6!4
17
28e
25
22
484
26
24
576
27
25
625
28
28
784
29
21
441
30
24
576
T?3J
623
13,713
93
1.
14l6itrnrluj:tj:ruga.lull:.rilo6fou
o*2- tol2
{sr' E2
C)
uJo
sx
=
-
n(n-r)
A
143J'lEtoit
'
fmrJmhil??llgoitoytr]nmrJ
A
l4tl'lunl {rfiraaurfuum
A
u&nun! zuamrraor{rffreoufiuruo
n
Er
*
vnnufi.r Hafl lmo.lnyuwdrfidalusiasnuelndrftnar
uvrudrludo:
30 (30-1)
23261
870
26.74
z. fonnrinrrrwneirernl
tf,q*
qq:
rdolintamrroeau
KR2r
16
nasqroa{-Mofru
'l
lK
xrr-xt
= K-l lt L or'
I
J
K
x
s*2
umafir'innufrasosulllrflodauqotiu = ro
firnufrs eitqdslm{nyu1a1.[??r = 20.77
. umufw eirsynilu:Jaj:rusa{osuuufru.t =
26.74
uvrueirluqor:
30
30-1
3o
n
l-
l1
L
M
20. tt(zo-
ro(ze. 74)
o.ze
29
0.79
94
stmtfi
tt
udotncuuusa{uJuyrodou riouununf,:nneirurarhfla na.mriennoaoununajxcnuqe.l
n{Hvroao.: (x.,)
d'louyl
Pre-test
Post-test
n{ruenuqru
Pre-test
(x)
Post-test
1
11
15
6
11
2
7
16
15
17
3
10
15
23
24
4
19
22
18
20
5
20
26
23
25
6
12
16
22
22
7
17
22
18
19
8
18
24
24
23
9
13
18
21
22
10
22
25
23
25
1',|
19
23
8
10
12
21
26
14
16
13
21
22
20
21
14
20
25
11
13
15
22
23
15
16
16
18
21
20
19
17
16
17
17
18
18
20
20
17
19
15
21
19
20
20
21
27
13
15
21
18
20
14
18
22
20
26
20
21
23
24
29
18
18
24
15
19
2',1
22
25
22
28
18
17
26
21
29
19
20
27
20
23
19
20
28
14
20
21
22
29
19
23
19
18
30
17
26
't8
20
19
I
95
i
,r.
qm{fr
11 (sia) udotorcuuuqo{uullilodau riowmanfrtnr:eirurarirfia lotn{ruvroaa{myndrJ
O?UOEJ
t
t
n{mornar (x,)
alouvr
he-test
Post-test
n{a.rcn:rqru (xr)
he-test
Post{est
31
22
22
17
18
32
23
27
23
24
33
14
18
' - - t-tests for paired samples - - -
Variable
SCORE1 IXPERIMENT
SCOREz EXPERIMENT
Nurnber
of
2-tai l'
pa'irs Corr Siq Mean SD SE of l"lean
PRE-TIST
17,9091 4.OBB .772
33 .846 ..000
POST.TEST
22.2424 4.039 703
Paired Differences
Mean SD 3E of f4ean
-4.3333 2.259 .393
95U
CI (-5.135. -3.532)
Vari
able
Number
pai
of
rs
SCORE3 CONTROL PRE-IEST
32
2-tai I
Corr
S'ig
.959
.000
SCORE4 CONTROL POST.TEST
Pai
red D'ifferences
Mean SD SE of Mean
- .2188
I .289
.22E
1
95%
t-value df 2-tail Sig
-II.02 32 .000
Cl (-1.683, -.754)
Mean SD SE of Mean
77 .9375
4.272 755
19.1563 3.655 .646
t-value df 2-tail Siq
:5.35 31 .000
of
2_tail
pairs corr sig
SCORE1 EXPERIMENT PRE-TTST
32 .033 .856
Nwber
variable
SCORE3 CONTROL PRE.IEST
n-; -^..1 ni f €,
r'di|eu
uiIiefei'icgS
Mean
SD
SE
of Mean i
t-value df
.0938 5.816 1.028 .
1
of
2-tail
pairs co' sig
Sig
.gz8
Number
variable
scoREZ EXptRiMENT
P0ST-TEST
32 .011 .951
SCORE4 CONTROL POST.TEST
Differences
SD SE of t-tean I
Paired
r'tean sD
sE
22.3750 4.030
19.1563 3.6ss
of
Mean
.7L2
.646
i
3.2188 5.410 .956 ,
CI (1.268. 5.170)
95X
2_taii
.09 31
95t CI G2.004, 2.191)
Mean
-r4ean sD sE of r,rean
18.0313 4.092 .723
17.9375 4.272 .755
t_value df
s.sz 31
2-tai1 Sig
.002
RlotJU?n
fl
i aiqr4
av
rflTa{ilail [Ttunm?au
- uuuytodouiozuadilnvrdvn{nnriuu
- uuurhvfiuqrunrvrr,trirfrolo u{vr:.lqru,1ofi
- uuuj:v fi urnrrufi tnolqr,tri.: fr a eirurfi aufirur o.ltin 6uu
' - rari.:fiaioun:o.nj:mounriqu6or "rj:ytrr6n6"
n
r4o.r ":J:vmr6n6"
rdorffiuafrrrnrrlfdrurlrgurornrorflufi:g
dnnfu rin ri uu#u,Jo'u dnurfl
d
c
eiruu:nir 1. urruilorfaudfiur*marudairrrnlfenranrrrnnlunn6uufuatrinrisuisdufu
rl::nrudnsrfld c qrnnffiirurarftflaiaun:a.nl:cnaum$qu,4^",Jrrrn,6n6"
nllurodaurflrurufionqaufi c dr6an 'iruru go na
g. tftinriurufiurun6anams X vfudnm fro n,r,er,uio o fitin,6ourfiu,jrqn6'#qo
2.
r?tu{90rou?
dr
o
eir..r r:rlri en:r{nuluTxn'n', uur5dfi ouqmn1 rnnca
v
n.
f,ur:Jdarrtul.rrn
o. rfiernarToanjrirrjnTusd
d'adgndqo 6afia
-
----q
o 2t
s. nrefluarnr:l*mqvrf
.,r.
hiltrfis r
s.furduu,#*r*a X
,
Jtr
ffo
r{:rdnm s
a
4. r?a'ltunTryllltodau 30 ul?l
s. solftinrten6.:torir{adouqrn{ournqufisfiaqofiru
oio u
flalorirhilotlfir{uhJriou u#r
ffound'ururrirlraflfionnXnffa
mtfirhrriuu4noulsnflunnliriaaau
98
r. rlq{ufidr}flrJr4utifi.surienrilsnaduduusntduriaJtr
v
n.m
?r.
a1n'lft
t.
tFnotu.wtil
I
I
o.
l-^^
o'114'r?
I rr .u
aQ
Crl
I
2. flittJ{?q?nu tq9nunTil$uo torJmilqo
tl'
a
r. firqlulo:rqu
n. m9toan{rall
n. firsorfiauloaonlqd o. loth
:. flrsidfi snndqoluornrold'uriflrqoch
n. 015nou
n. tuTq:rqu
a. aonarqu
r. nrir:ouloaanlqd
+. qruae.rrifit a{ almd{atoq
n.
fi.
do
I
v
s. tJuluun
a
{. nnilnflo
qr9
910{nT1Yl0u
ui
n. 10il1
e.
dasiiqo
ft.raia16'
c',Al
s. ornrofil:ynoudr
er.
n
ufulo:in
ffrrdrr 1
r.
aluayoar
I
{.
nnTn?Jo
l!3
tt
a.rr{:J:rro:Jsa{nrrTourtrtU:r,audr afiiraon?rqffiJ:urJrilio uasryilh
n.95%
r.78%
q.21
{.
%
1%
z. fraloleftriose{il:ynauro.rornroloufirl:i
n.lath
r. firmin1
o. {unvaa.l
.r. rrinrq
s. ftdofirfluornrolrn$sihiriotfirfi oruafismNolnrr
fl
,. bth
n. nlsaan{rQu
t
'A
n. mflaou
.s.
ffrqor$Jauxauuonlryo{
r. n{nn{uluolnlcrilracfi oarnflrrto
n. tulsnrqu
or.
t
o.
eJafi
fl. oon{rqu
or$:auloroanlrd r. ffrqrdau
:silr{ornrdu&nufi.lfra1o
n. ornr odfi aanfi rewio
ufi
nrilauloaon'tqofinn
iat
e. ormflfi.fi a{uavoa..r nrilrcriu firrfi utlnJuoqjmn
n. amroddatri'rfi oduqnuda6irffi q uaaironre.ndsrrarulfiurivri-nd8u
r. gn4n{a
r
r. nnn:nirfraloitririatinoruafi:*mr.,:ornro
n. v,iufr
o. nrrfr:.nn{rnuru
r9t
$. nTtnod:'r{
Copyright
\:. nTiYhl{'ln6{gnfl{ till.t]
t-â
,a-w69o
99
r
z. flrguremfir*vrrsomretludrrfi
o.:rfi
oqrnoJt:
6
n. muuql
t
s.ldtrafi:iru
o. [T.3{luqndluniTtJ
r
g. firlXn tiuudom qtu:n
El
q
{fi fl o n:uonu1% orq 6uffi rilnffi rorfirqa
e,|ta
n. rirsluTenrqu
fl. m{aonfirqu
o.
r
.r. nrnj:vno:Jol141:
firqnrSrouloaonlqei
c. ffirytafirrtoii
rfl
uduurnudo6i.rfiffi
r
r. firqo#-:rarurauonlrd
sl
n. dr:qyrir
n.
Jt:
1. ffrqo#-uaulouonlqei
firqluTq:rquloaonlqd
.:. gnrlnfro
s. fralohi1dr.ran:syrlflo{Hafiunrarnrof
r4rlfrrfioT:orilfiusr q. rirti':corar6o.:qr
n. rirtirfiol:owrft:Jao r. rir1fr':nruvrn6urarutqdnw:r
n.
t
o. uurymfi qaaoil;mnrfirqnrSroulooanlqeiluornrodaffah
I
n. aonnrzurlr,tfr
sr. frr:*r:Jr1*?tflrier,ra
r
a
,
I
r49
fl. fl?unuljnn$iluJ
E
,,
rumfi eo
s9
.:. qn4nsa
ai
z. rinrieruqcd?uaonafiu?Nomrfd?efiflodmv6fi ao
,t
2,t
n. mflnrJnilUgF\mNln0lU
. ! r3
Q ,? .
?. [8JYhfl
UyA{ IUtUJUlAlnAA.t
l._ V
v
I
t,14i,
trJ
n.
munuljqnuacqua:nulqu
r
1
e. fl rgm edufi uluornr
e.
oln:or:o
vrfi
u{uritt
n.
fll\mgnTt
?. Rlnnnf,U
o.
tj:cmru
r. sia.rheJfiafru{ndru
nrrnurirto.:tn:fi uao.rjrdr uriuor4frrr$ornrouiqvrdlitoft.nnfiqo
n. ale6fiuoufrienrxdcomfu fiurnronavl:Ju,nfr..:vrn{u
t.
eirrr
a rG
rrhfiuuufioliar:or vffr4n #r rlrrlufl
lbflrflrJ ria
t-
nr
Er
Q
n
oiufi :eoonrguJ'rn
drJl4:.rd?rJufirnrnffun{ufi uans#aufirs{rnurufi ilrio en{uoanm
zo. fralobildur,rriqir rfiorlafi umrrarnrotunp wrvull41uo:
Iz.
n.mqldalu
v
4nrb'Hrfio
n.nqrioai-t.r
l:rcuqndrun::r
t.:naud:n{n:uuuud
r. rinrunosuy T:s.:rwir{ofluc
zr. ffolonirtfr'rfi oarafiumrra.'n.,ou..'nda,
:.'
n.nr:fiuervrynl'lau
s. snnfiffirnfln#ntrlflaer
n.nrtuurlrnfirdanrfi.rdxl r. flrdorunvdsdmutaoanrJr
100
z
z. fir rnrar ulq nrffrqnrSu aruouo nlqoi r{rbJ
a.n
n1
n.ueJod6
o.liuufi:rgs
q
cfi
ornna rh.il:
r.dgffisr
.:.qn4nfra
z:. nufi oqjvirxnnruafium.rarnro4niuocldfil{nnftmuoeh.:1:
Ur6
^
riNnruhrrlqr{u
n.qflnT^luJ$?tituT{
aX
.
l.dru$rrlrv'h{
€t.2tJ14{0nn??H
T Q a\l ,Igo
24. t:O [Oyt U.t [Onoqln8Jn?\:]ytNa1n1fl
T sQ
s.T:nr:.nulu
n.LTO14? tA
f
6q
o.l:nrur5.rlurjao
2
rl:ervrr{rfiurarute
s. uu?yn{aosrafi tril't.3ornroii66ofro10
n.druriurJqnuacquafiulri
?r.nonazuiillii,iriotri'rfioo{ua.nn1
o.}i'orlxfuncdu.otfirJtrrnruffila
{.qn{nfia
ze.fr'rrin6uuldfr
Lerr'ufi :esJ1n6'lqyfi
ornnaEir.il:duduu:n
nJolflurdoo
n.rirter6'uu:.r
r5{riuud:rga
.r.fia*udrd'u
27. d?1.rd1fi'nnLyfi rJ:vTurriaairl:annfi qe
n.tfirfl unnrufi fl norfin unyi'o.rruqoaohrl
r Jfi rfl unnrufi frn
ni
ourn
d
aulolfrqoolnrrfi 6
n.lfifi uanrufi a andr frrnr
r J#1fl
z
a.
uanrufi
a
on
un
an u{.r
rirfirnr utuisr
ar n ardu rfi o rn o q16'6'u1fi0 vffi n aodu rnn v rvr qlo
r, -Cr'
C
4qv
U
a0
n.aJnmnrruau[ooan
tun
t{ouou
-.4-..
r.frflrqoanfrrailrfln
.^.4
v
lr.lJo1nlflll:dYtD
q
.:.nnnn{a
-' ri' --i' -:-
zs. virudo'iruSnnrr^ruturowiru Hnfi
umrtornrotfi oorndrn4qlorJrnfi
'-"-'--i-'----"'--i'' ao
e
n.T:wruq
or
mr,t
u
rmri:Jria s oiufi
n.nr:riaairraror:oirr1 ulndu
o. u'
.:.
:
rulrrrl4r*yuufra.rnuuil
uuei.:dr{os uvun sfi dr:
cia u n{ufi
ro fi qrnnr:m:JCI:
o. nn:Jfi :i6srr ilfrotofi rin fiuuriilri
n.rir
r.
rd
u fi'urJ
qn6'u1fr rfiio
uurirr{rg
qe
:s
aur:nriild
olnl fl fi u
rfi rgmu1fi'il:vnu:Jfi
ri6
o.{ofim::onr::ru:.r d}flol:.rf uri:J:vnru
r.ir.:ngum
u rfii
atrfflnnrmr;rl:trJgrifi
101
uuu:J:vrfi uq nrnrnso.ruri.r
i
,
6 d
r:a{ ":lruf,1r6n6"
I
o
a
fi o5o
u
n:0.::J:rr ounr{qu
va
v
a
rdorafu atrroml.lirfi
urriumfir*vr}ia'ln1rl
$
drvrir:rin ri uufiuilrn r dn:vrfl
ft
a
(drufu oq{aounq'Hafr traimJ:caunr:niffi or unv{vr:.rqnr'1ff)
I
ei6uo.: ururJ:vfiuurftfiaeirurJzvnaumi.roanfiu r qou 6a
ie)
qoufr
r
j
2
srol.lyt
:
3
oauil
T,
{oqadruoir
nr::J:cffiunnmrmo.ryfirfia
t
a 6.)rr,j
d
i
t1J:Ot?1U1,[tO:A{UrJ'lU
Q l
aa
mtudo{ml8Jootl4uyt?[tjnu?u1.[.361o
/
6l r A
u
.
j
,
^
A{ [Uf,O.1yl9lT.lniln?1tJfi0t141r10{yl1lt$lnilEg
4v
UnC
v
n4:UqflA0?ltJ
Aer\let
a{tulta{?Nyrt2u[?
Avrv
srol{yr
1
?oilad?uet?
sfiuildr........
!
eaufi
2
dnrufifir.nr.l..
nral:;rfiuqnmr^tro.n41i{Aa
d
firfralunnrj:vrfiu
a3J1n
d
o
n01{
on:ufit?
fin:snrsnrr{oflJr6il.t
r
.
g:J
rirunr u%and? u.:TJ6{qonxrJdula
2. ?Ju10?O.t14rirfi
o
arm:nd',u
fi
oldacorn
3. n?1rin{Nltncm'uJul?ra.:ufirfrofi nuru
t143J1Cd8J
4.
6t?1il14u1?JO.rr,1rft fi afi o?1rJ
s.
nrrfiTJ
Kielfi
o. r,trft fi omnirn
r14 8J,l
ydsJ
erlalerwuol?T
rfl
oeiruld'acorn
d'nBilsnr:{onril
r
. nrnrJnft fr d?u.nil6{qon?llidr,t1a
2. n1?\ilndtrina
udo{entalft.n{uffii 6orld
tu}
oilln
rhffalunr:rj:cfiu
q,
o
ilaM
nr:ufrts
s. nril:J:vnoufiotrucru{rxfrorqu
u v 6v
I
N A
Q
r
4. R.t1^[.J:CnOil6ttJ]t1,[DnUtUOt:A{ trut0AUqOU
s. Rlil:Jfinouudacqoufi dar unrudqornru
gr
Q
dutala.tzua1u
t
,
zA
5. Rlv{UTvnOU rUOr:O{fi O?',lSJdl U.nilfrOrAu
z. frn:Eilcm{J'r'l}rr
r14rJ1
ydu fiu{uno.:
{dru
a. draco:rrdo.ryilyrNuayuytllryrdila6{
uZ
anBruvla{tuoT't
Qrr
1. ll4o?lildundillUtltnotl^tau
c
2. n4sJrvdrJriu{uuanj:yAunr:nl?0.:r6n
Xa
3. O?1il Ul?lto{rUor4lil9t?1N
tl4t.'tyd8J
Au-c-AA
4. 3,t€t?13tdil1^tlAfnilta tTo{
A
i
v v 6t
-l
5. tr9r?'rrJdtJl tun90 ruo{nutouqnoo
o. fi nrunnd'arq:{qrrJmril
{
rfl uqi.l
7. dlrJlrn
Kitafr rntruf}i'uri
!,
-t)
a
dfi{qrmreJ $aufiuildpJffo rou
B.
9.
'l
r6n
0.
lva
t14fl
tt
A .y a ca6l
I
t6{TtJdfl.laq6{1iln [Un'n:nBld.: mOfiOil
rhr,
nn:9nrynT}lyttt
jqc
1
- v
v
vl
. nl:t'lyr txrl48J1cf,ilnil? u?oitr.to]u
iqil
| q
2. R',tlt'lyt tfl [?\tfl
3nfi
l^t.J
3. nrerfi m1rufro raurfilair u
ji
?t - X
4. t0r:a{d000a0{nutu0141
5.
Qu,
gr?d
I
cn: Ltrnlltlo u]it rl4tJludil
iqel{ ,c
o
6. Rltr1yrlxuJ[1Ju??nn1T
v v
a \e.rw
'u
7. q?onlnrJo{rl4u toxorau
8.
ttd
ryr1
9cz u a o
UU tf,l4nnQ$?yt U't
Q
t
I rq s
du {]U tJ,ilililAu
lfluxrfi uu
d
tilnnrluurl4sJlvd8J
ri'u:yoYunocin16uu
103
**id, nnur{olo?1llfiorfiurtrtrjrfi urrTurarhfio
-
6avirueirurari.rfioiaerrm.::Jftnounr{qr*reie.rdun
ri'tunevnl6orrfiu'jrrdadoclfurothd:
()riraulodr.nn ()riraulqd ()rou1
( )heiaurhaulq ( )lririraulqrau
- virufisnrxdorfrrilarhdamixdaumnrhtflfieiruduor{rrfiHrfimj:vnourmr6uulftmlhu
rfimlo
1116'Hrnidqo ()tdnn
( )Uidauld ( )bildrnu
()ld:in
- vhu6orinarhflaburnaoJ:rraunrSqureiilfidrurffixdilronrufdruloruririnrtuuld:in
- drufiorjmrftfiaiatrnro$J:snaunriqurilf, nrnJfrr:Jpuffhlru4ador?n
a A
- ornffiAqrfiu6u1
I
rfi
v
va
I
r
D
urfiurarft floeitnJ:rraureixfi
mflaur{aquar.fuqr
mudffiifi
orrr:J:ser*urs$
rindntnrJirgqrTvr arnd.rurodaadn:*r
nilsfrin$etras#uncrJ .rfifilff
dq# ilvniil urftJilfi oa
to
uuu:i:vfiurnrilfi $ra1q1uari.:fl
o{a urnasJ:unounrnnrSqu ria.: "rJ:cfi r6n 6"
(drrnfurinGuu)
v
rirfrue{
uuujxfiuurftfrouil.raanLfiu s qau6a
ie
qaufr
r {aryndrudr
j
qouyl 2
i
$oufi
q q
9n1tJ1,{0 [a
va
Luilu.ldo
c .],,1,i
: nlxfroorfiwirt:Jrfi
/ atluriorfisnjffuolsJ!fluqi{
trfirinr6errufiuxn+o{ilrflu
a
-a---.-.--j-
tSuumnfi qo uavrfi
e
v
urriuraritfio
Q r
uiasnilFnrsJ6oniuna.rfin
t 8y
uu{ooruar-ludovjr.r}[a4pni
Avrv
qouil
1 ltoilad?ugt?
l.nrtFf
()mu
( )u€r
a qe sa |
-^-d 2 n11ilTt.3y'10
grouyt
ta tul4il.tdodlutjTcnau
,
rfefrotunrajrsffiu
|
I
oil1n
o
Qs
vralfl
o?fldt?r
frn:*ruvnr:{ogrluia.r
r. grJriamru{T.niraulq
2. ?u1ofl a{ilrirfiofu
fi
a16'ayonn
3. o?1tJn{t.t?ac,1rhfi
a
rruJ'lcd:J
4. n?lilUTtfl a$afir6loruilrsarJ
5. fi?1ri14u1?Ja.:ufi.rfiotumvd:.1
o. nr:i'orrirgrJriildrumyaru
7. O?13t€t{yrilnn:?0.3n'trt{tkisJ
finurucnr:{qnrlnl
1. nr{:Jnfi o?TJn4rJrcdrJfiudo6ar
2. R11r'tilnd?u{1rJ
3.
thdula
Rl lilTyltoursiayufiraru{ril
r.irCulq
4. 0t't'l3Ju1?flOrUfi.lfraruMyct
s. nrnJrsnouqrfrrlo$ru
105
rfr{olunrnj:vrfiu
otJm
Qrr
1^t01f,
o
n?:ufrt?l
uX
nnunryflo{t%014'l
Ir. tri'nru.rf
q,
a
a
2. tilfnl8Jdtn dulruy{aio rllau
rvv4A\z,a
3. AluUA?t?ltqrTa{too
c. mulfraurndru
-tt
dfi{qilfi:rx
s.
a
fiunaXJfforou
e. fioruunrurJlcdrJ
AtA7. tJn?1tJqar1,[a{nuqa00
a. 1fi{o6o
uacrd?Hcfir€nrilq?unfintunn
-.le
mtrl qnam?{
.
1
.
d{ tr? o aa3,l
ud,v
anurl#Rll91yttfl
nrfl
dltlud? rflrlq.,ir g
2. Rl:r1dluudrlrry rnnhrtr :
s. e1?ac€r:lfihTfl n4rJtcf,rJ
q. eTr6'n:$'en{
rfi u'ldfsr
rqu
s. dr6'nmrflurvtfiu:r
e. fio rsasruxrsalfi'u rdo rio.l
qoufi 3 otll6orfiurfi urrfuuri.rfia
riiarin riuueirurnrhfranr{qudufra rin riuurfi u,jrrda
()riraulodmn
rin r6uufi
(
rfi
()rfirlqds'n( lrfirlod
r.Tn
(
urriu
(
uoejr.:l:
( )rqry 1;bioiauriraulq(
)riraulqd
orlx r'filq dio i+or
ddor lfi
srafi ufl Na'rnr
o mnrio
u
)lrir.iraulqrnu
rfi u.,:to
)rfirlo:irr ( )lildaur{rlq
(
ilrirffrtqmu
rilrufio'irr,rft fronr{qurir.rd or::Jfu :tq,:uritt6nrddtri
) ennJfinJjurfftr
(
) 1ilcr:::JirL:Jqrufr'tr
fr'rnralfrrrJpufftr rinriuu6o'ire':rJfuih.rurit'drulerrir.:...................
orurfiolfi u6u1 rdurri'ur,rfi.:fiamie.rd
41394
nmm!?n
c
J
,
.t
d
d
"t1.,
li1[{?itft"tillul,
?.t |' il ts'j'1 Li'il]fln
t
uJfiffilffi#uffi
u5ou auun nrlUs:rlurud
)}
*:tr
.D
-f
.r-u
'
g
M*"
_rffia
:'
,F
{'
*
.'li
i'
'l*
:,
8l
)€'
JF---
tr
:'',q*S +
'T
_
:
i
,,t
q\
:tr
\
i
urft fro{o
eJ
nao
ujesn
o
u
nl{sru
it
A
t€a{l
tGd
lJ?g$'ltoflo
o
qt
9l
at
r
dlcl
A
d'lu?:J f,ltrj5s0ilFfnt91uYl 4
A
alri6 on:hsdurof
t€ail
Iaorf o'n
R1$l
sirrir
r,r
r,tri.,:
fi aio
rir
fr o mi
en:osj:vn
ruiirfl urir
ou
u, drt o.:i vr u r fi rnruf
rnrft
fianrSou
To
q,
v
q?avo?
flln
i
nrSqu
n, tdor' :J:vrr rdn 6'
ornrerrflufiu drrniurin riou#utjtroffinrvrfl fi
16o.: n
-A
r:dfr
..:
rra vv oa
-9t
9/
9/
artfi
q
A tav\tivo
zu?qu
qr.u [9tu1tdua Lu?]Jflo{
fi
+
I
A qoX
6,
i
unvruqn'Irilil?vnou tiloLl4tuar:a{
V r r j
6a A
[14
v
v
v
tl4tJlvd8JnU? UlA{Un
ffi
a
o ^ \'l 1 r,
oltuutuflalu
v
q?nvfl:
Aqoti,
n
d
661 da
t? UU$A
vdRl?\n'l?tu
6u fi enr a.rft'lqa sir.:
I
LUf,?
o v
glu?Uql?U
urir
ur,t d.:s ar
rnh uunlunr:fi q vfi druire.rtunr:fl or riu ua v
nr:fi dr uir ertun r: uri:Jru ur dr n rirr
nrlrfr ol&lfirtq
,n
r
6lgtgtr
,!l
v
$av??8Jnuu'l ttu?yt'l.0tja{nuttayun
q
r V
[1ililu]a0
v
v
A
'i r u
ugurunr:
t'r6
qfi Yi
n::toirsl nm$rnuv
ufi
eih.i
urn
Hr Yqi a
nml
q
nr:eir:lfii
d
fl4rnrdsndrr
,
LU
I
6c,rft
oo'
tv|l?lvqgfl?u Ll4zua'lu8J
j
e
A uû\4v
a
au{ fd?a u Leturul ureJflayf,aouyt?nq?uDfi3.tmvqil0?flJa1uaN6]
cAgt v4
t X
luru v a
114 nLUn I?UUUA v zu 1f,14u{dA nrJU
!
ufi
uorialuud uail:ssruqndn
rnuo?rarq:yufindrrriu'Lunr:urittrlryr,trarnrdrfl ufiu
Ll
v
rln, orlu drulrnqj
n'lo
urrneisfi ufl
ttf e4
v I
vaa
, X
A G er
ttn t9lilfuil1ilnilU7l1{Olnlfl ffitllililfuil1flA{Oiln?.{t7ly,l"1 14?.1?'l?1il.ld0mlJilav
rfl
trtinnuorwnfiNnr:A{m(
utfifirrj:vrfiufia un:acj:vrrmnrvr elsrfilunr:oir rfiuGo.r fi
tufln1?ila?{tnon?lrJdundu'ru
te{ulruo f,?uflogt'tu d'tu?un1:91vr tfl [et?\mileJ
99
QC.,
nmUlJafilJ{a{41
e{
td?8Jd?1{q?1 N3cl1Uil rUU''l
t1',10
rir
fr o rci ruderm v tfl
Hj:vTutri uri
$5uufin moo,:lsJt
A
fuuurefrauftncirrl5
\tlyt,
untsuutolu'l{
1l'
fi
q{
o'lrun:vlnrinlu6or ua
\6adrsnnmvalrlufiinil
uremilffi orujesdur$t
fin6inr*rrJ?qqrTn arnrisrdturofiaudnrr
o
swf;s
o
r rtraof ua gil4na orao€
ilmiilarfisrfioa
lfinraa eirsqBsqft uaYqie
c
UYl$1
myilono.rlfi
nrrvruafimatornrOlunil tyl$tsil4ruo:tiuiuqvmiorlruquut fiodu
rffiurlryrar
-,511
tug:ho{ drrinrluoilen?runlrdou.ofraxrwisrfi lqin6irrfitartuqro.::ftyrar'H'ir ruafiu
,- r 6r r a
..t- . -4--.v-.
'fiuriot fr
;jqc .-- .tua
frutrJonrs,'
fld*r;
yrl.totnlefliu druLrardufioatnnmfle.rulcrrJ nr:suefufr Lfurumuuv'nutenau9nu
rertoruuo{ uavlNuuqqdrfin:?xqv:J6iaufrrqfirgd:vnvroirtl oonm
urn.lnd
uraei$rfluturunr:zufitiiti'''ttfrnonluavao.l'Luu::urnro fiqn::el6runr:muflr-
l.:tiurtas
n''hrfiqg
n::awirsl nr:ur.n?ruy nr:na{ruvryailau#tfrolin'trnrvvirniudfir.rnrirlfrarnro
rfidbJurae.nvqianr:eir:.0fiisl
ffairufi
tflufiu
r1qrnr6..:nrirr fi oduqlnuar udl uraq niu :J:ytrrsuerufirtrJnofl?'1sJ
qnooliltirfintunr:fievurilNflatriurravinmqilnlvl
!.--,
snvufin morerlalf
lrrfunj
6i.:uro'fiae.rftncirrl{ 6sxqn:fiaqueidrrfluoi'ar6uuflfrtfrr1qfi{e{a6rrnvzuarfiEr
il.lgl1':rl
fi
o.nrun:yurinlufiaramfi mrornlsilfreJrndu rfiiaqvtfrLfl uuurnNdrrurr.lfi
16a
q
:ifi
dx naruryaxluffi qril:y,ir{udrrur:ninnnqnrnrrnrfi?n ra vrJnrnrflft ur qfrail
'lfr ruaa dNqitq5t tuasqia
riiat qiatj
idnrr
,
I
I
t
A
o?1$lFlO€?:J?foo
arnref tfl ufloi'udrftyfi
qom€tfi fienluTnnln4uti urnxr4udtror
arnrdmu'[qtfiu$suvurarffu&u fi?qfidatduat arnroffiqvrd6tfie'rrr
dr
qil
dq rurn Hr4u{daihiriarlgrarvrrt firuar nr Orfl ufi udn u
qvdr Ld?srunyrh ulfrfiarnrou?qvrd rfi a4nffi nqvtdfi
F
n{ *
o'1 o'1
t. rinriuuarm:t
z. rint6uuarrur:t
ud
lurJaoorfiu uavfi
3.
finttuudrur:
'[6odrqndar
da iatY
nilnlilfraqfi6sio'1il
a. frrfranrunl?1
drhiufioarn'
s. rinrtuuaralr
(adrsiau
g
o. rin6uu\6el
uflufir*'lfr
z.
birin6uul
Lflufirs
rni
rnftqrnfi\
s.
4
\dftr€nru
c,f-6at)
?o8lj€gditntn€t?uta?
9(r
r4ufino
t.
AC
rin6uudrrunnairu,iit t4tod,nuia un:at ffii'l r'ilrtq tfiarnr'ld'
e{3JO?',lsJ
d
I
t tr
Lo uvl?
uri'r 6'l
nfinunrvTo
rin [SuudleJnnu
riuudleJnnu 0o nnnM]eY
2.
z. iln
t 1U]3i7l
A
I
v d
3,
3. un t5uudr rJr:nfrfl
a ttq n
a
6.
AVrr
t9l
Lel
a{ 01 nl 9lu?qilfi
LlJflfla{o1nl9f]J?qilr
A u
|
-q a
- o
gtNfl 0{ 0t nl Fluidilt' nu 01 nl €f tljuv'119
tlnyrJ
tfradr.:qnoior
vaj
un f5 u udr ei]Tnu 0 ndl tT qvl
I
rirtri'rfi n or nr orfl ufi :rtfra
s. rin6uuarilr:nuon
zun
eir
q n frot
fiutatarnrsrrfl ufir*siofu fiffi qtd
(ocjrrriou 3 rj:vnr:)
o
. rin 6 u uloiera r a.rf ua vo fu r u? in
r::l ol fiu rua v urttuft y rn a l n r Ff
a \Ii gt
"tljul^tl9LO
z. tri'rin
rfl
u
ufi
6uffi
u
6'rqr
n
*n
uJ:vTutfsosornr outqvrf rrnvTvrvuo{ar nler
d oo*q fi n::runr:rfl u {virlfrrfi oarnr orfl ufi udu
fittdd rur,r fir fi o ufir
e.'ldfuorrxrwfi o rufiuuavdunduruarnnr:airurafitfiad.l neirr
5
i
t
I
r..-_
firfl'ufi0il:Y:
.-.l,ar
oexvrio8otj:Ytu
orq#ufiufll
drurnqfifrruxr
Tunfrruulunlu(
rniauuriSlrl{nl:
,oa
NtotJ tuualornl
A
iltuSuuut"turl lt
a.tatAl
t.
fl?ilusotJTvfl't
?r
9)
nO.l Ul
oruv{a{oilTvflu
q
ataAr
01uaudLlj
I
I
a9)
dlrl4srvru'ru8J'r
I
TzrY
LUnilU3.t1?1nlU0t?{
I
tat
l t0LL8irlJT'tSnm
rqa
3J10U 11,[t3J0{nr.3
U9
ldd
il{L:UULI
tU?1\tU]ileJ
I
q
t-
I
lAtQ,t
UeJlalnfln?Til
A
0lIuLLNfiUflo0?{fl',]
q
d
,iv,
I
LTU1,[lJ.d LOmAe]n?',]
6tl?)
ntY'lTlY?'lilAilU.:]U
rfluq?-rfi{crrnrirrmu
r VM
vl'114
AA
LLJ
er
Ll4unn
(U
il
Ufl le.l
I
rRa{T.3LLny{O'3'lN
.l
i aA Ac'
U
Ll{ofr?grYtn,l? Lnn
7
Copyright
rj:vmrirrdrmEr
nT{tyll
quqq
<r-a9r9,,d
l"1tU1,[UlJ0{
11,1il.
arnrfltuuftawrnr..:
||
UNOU
Vd4 | et A
L? U.JL1]YI
r oV
141d',]Lufl?',1711
LN
q
ty{T1yLl4gl LOzuUNlnN
t6rtrX
Ul LU1,[1,1?{
do
00n0
Ul{U
i
ilnfr?0t.3tdasJylr18J
q
tla/al
:nrnrfiuffor
ilnouol?ul ngt,[]tnr{lj,lN
gtA
d
1^l',tvrtoudoTrN
n
s'Ja
flnlua{uto{
ae.'Jq
q
L1,[143i0n
l^lt{o't uuu t?\?'t y Lo?
6'ltri.n
'[er:rir u r
sJ
t1
on
r;r
v Lu
fl'lol
aYuldtrn ai
lae-rYaJ
n0moRU?]u1,liln?1u]
Copyright Iby Mahidol University
t
9l
O.l
id
9)
l..:u
:'
"luruornlel
t9l
I
ttA
rrlu-i I i lil
t:'
,\th F;.
:e{i..
"l'
tl u
,
i
itu
L
rt
t1,1
al I ]-l )-l-l
,{
e/
fl
Fl1,{ el
ul.{fl
1
.iv
rro hqvLlT[111
r.l';vrn ttn v ui
cu5r
v
\ Yv
rlt
i
i}.l
dl,t-l u
tnua nll
,6.]
r,r r,l
r ror
qq
fi o ttaS-.1
.!d
tiloff('"lElnlFia
\l
\
"-
::3"
10
tfi
+9)
d
d
rrp)4
.9',
r0u?ualnlqiTou
aLtd
I
lAa
01a runlruv'lT]s?EltTl
ilBTTUilME.IN'I
9t Ugr
l
}J'rnn?lnou? t14N?l
a
gt
da
o.t
et
9,t
a.,
{?flTnflo.loilLal
stu Lr.ttunauauun
.i v
gttl
n1
UJO LTAUUTTLYrI
| 9t
LIJ
I
ar
tljlN]fl? UnU
itQt€
Borj:vqn:*uunvudnd::
il:vmunvrfiauin
iQraa
\ lt c., et
d1Nd141U LnUOnl,[
rvru?d?u Ll4qqNilil
{uuusraouqisJtd
qq
LT',tgt{ La Lljyl'3yl
Yq
I
AA
Ll^t0dol01mflo
ru
11
\4
,A a
Aer
lTlvd'tilfier dr u:Ja o ou
tt
I
Y9)
:J:vmriudtnrn
rj:vdnrftrnvKndrr
!1,
16nrfinfirdrerou
3ld'u6'ur6uvnth
lfiuvnrenfitaru
sir..:fifirufrusau'lq
\4c,,elaAaa
olntFfdaude.rta
Lro?u1 tlfiuqqQT{
6'u1ffrfiu'rreie.r
q
6t.ateA
qLlJUqsJUn',lUTlUgU{
9l
ollA
drn?xatnnfirr
qg
nl01n?]ilnd.3
q
aAo
q?6
"LuarudrrfiurnqjrJar
r9)
I'TTeJfl',tEtyl.318Jn'l
rQ
ttl/lln?tu
t a
Yrz
T1LT..l.l'l8JUlU LAUA
LUD]TI
firalutnarou zaz
tx
'x. xr{x
x ..x I
x
/*
t;,
*[-
'i.-l
:
x
r
<
frradanf,w7r zr
Y"
t2
-i
t$.
&J
J
"\r, '
I
;P1.9
U!
t/r)
11
--*--
leq.'.d-"a1 r
*4b
ir
*Ys
1ri tl
-e!-
-
|tifr16:]Ntq
Ara9)
T'll?1tT,.lau
\r
vl y)
--'1 .
LTt
€),
LAOtntoio
a9)
o-l
a
rN?J
LO}.JRI UflU
q
9)
IOJA
lJ'1.: T1,l?1.1 U
dr
ru.,lt]
L
v
I
hn huaunl u LLnT{
w \l
2.5)
wata
gtu L}.r L?ltr?ql
ddy
9)
a
?1nr?q0{
tn0nn
9U
s
-{
.h
-l
14--=..1p2_
tal
uljrufl'r9r{1NSfro
qU
YAt4a
Ara9)
fl?lT][T{nU
Vc/
u1Avt0{1 11iln191!u
d
rrl LoolnlFfo
6qX
ilnll
q
rd
naRSJ?']N',tL?UU?U
q
qXad
Lud?l,ludgdsJauql
q
tia)e.tg)
LONNlUf,U
rJrwufr'rrnfwru
uNnnuo?uaufluLLT.3
oQ)er9t
00nn]n{nlUnilnnNLLq.l
Y69,rd
ttfl { n n1ilr'r fl SJUTIU
U
Arrl
t{nt{l,lqunluL[nT.3
c't
qu
L1 3J
\4 efil et"*o
uJ n4fl?ql
AA9'
AA
0
1
n I Cfl^ll:fa
dil
Y LdO eJ q)v
9,
A
mnfl?qo{nann
q(u
4uufie.rcire.nriruriu
Copyright
15
:J:vruonufiouin
gt tl gt
da
a.l
"nl Loil'lyln?u
A
a/ At''
a.,
A
fl?gtfl1,t9t{uuu')?
q
iltnn?uNuauugl
Tvi
AA-a
4nfl?qqflLnunn'l?
q
LT0T']U4nt?0.3T]?
L?J
'[or:6ooonuana6"
X
a rzQ
NdejnuLud?uu
q
9)
ronLonil{fl1}Jou
o
Yq Q r' 'l
q{
La Lt lyt't9l
Lq
riornr.re'qvqqAu'hJ
till
trlol?T:?elun
avnon{o{d8J
99)
"i vLTSJnRl?y
r3.t0
6,6tt
#rrj:v{ndunvunna::
;
14 A
a'
ilttn Llv{lgRun?{
16
JE
l, t
r'h
,*,
-._t.lls
r':r'ry
I
b&;
h""'"
T6.
.. IG
F^-
\
\
\
I
t-
*'-"'*-'
n1.'1tYll
l'1fla
rurltsfrruuNrul
ffnuuouuannr
^Vv
urut trurunn'
rXt:nr.l:Yqlilr'
TOTIYUNTTNQl
AA
nuxoouonll
t1 lr1yo1,{t141,ltt
l,
qridd
0.4
a.t
nr{tyt?\'1uqaLil
q9
il4vl
[n
AI
e{nutouuannnn
a.V
et
tytu?unnt{Flu
il{Tnil:va1il}3
uruljTulj
q..1
2o..1dflflljilnflilu
qqq
aA
N 0.:14
? d01,1
q
NU
a ? oa
Nnilu"f]rln{9'l1u
6Yo
atAA
RUSJ9IOIUflNlWJ'I
6
r
n{ L?A{fl
r
r
Lu?yl4't',t{flanuN'lu
U9
LCtTlvun?ilJQo{y|,lnlU
'*:ts;:
un
q'
I
aVto
t
s?
e'6
LlO?U1,1].1'lU]J.3
q
?1tlj.3
9ttaarAtatt
gt 0..:
tat
tT{TlYFlULl'lULLnq?
a)a1tltet
9l
?Ul^l t{€-l Ufl].: 1,['l n
n?
rao.tJ
s]?ljTvsln0nur?
J a V rv
a
fl?tnu LilRUeflne.l
o
I
I
.fi
+,
+l
/-ry-,
S!!r
19
Copyright
r6nr6n161qr:nl
rirruorueirururunrufi
rjr..:rulr*Yfi
fiT:nfiue.nnaJruqSt
xv6.lnrvfiu:Jaor
ufiurdaosaodrunduorfit
ffuqnuuu'lnru'lodo
fufrruneirruririqr:rfi
q.)
T:qrarafr'ufiunrirrsru
nttnuuru [quu
fir*qr{uriatiuorn
orrfuauxauon'l"dei
rfi orT: nr16't#rnr r lr
ttou
rioufiqfiuirunndo$d1'r
e'Xa
a
alnlfifiilq$nnu
oru5ounufl'lqil
,a
I
I
:l
-l
'l
;l
'4 *
r
"Hl
i' -jl
,. &
,nl
;l
20
',,
{l
!l
-*J
\)
/n
ij -{
a
\-J
/,
qauL
ffssq
ttrx.]rn6
UddNUIVI
qauruuT
A9)
n{t_i11.{gnl
ll
il q tfl1c
rc ls
lo.llJ d
bbo\bl
.bt
fl'lunNLL'
q
q tllsa/6x.l I a\'t
LI dalU lbbl ll
I
Vc/
"nn Loolr
U
tl
fl
01,[1_J',t U
ttd{
LLa
o
9,
AIA
(U
6
q0uHufl?ununau
a./
qv{ufirdortaufir
q
Y'{A$NY'l1nUqU tq
lrl
"qnrdarmdr.lnlraru
ffiJNl3JUTUSI?1
.qrY
r,A
tljuilniluqrvnlTq]
(UdF
llLrr9
A9r
n{u'tugt't3Jt'tn'l
d?UNEJtlJilAUN
q
ata-t.a
u{wnuailqlLv'lN4u
6r
D?TNStflS?Umann
t-,
00u
L5
rirumir'LrXtnifitfi
"
Qez3
rjrv{lmlLTo{dfl
ttdudun Lu?uu
"nn'ldotnldd
!u
tuarufrnter4u:xsI"
9
q
Copyright
23
t,iouriqir{6tq
nndq
|U
a Vrri
Ld Lrflufle.l
"-q V , j
- \4YA
nnrn Losuril
dNA.: [a LUIYIU?O
iU
1l
lJTUfllnl3.Jqil?\A
"luqtouuaffiawlsJl4?
atAAJ
RUY{Uq{il?.1Y{?
r{$n
L$9t0to:fiu
$
r"zria
AYte,
ll
qil?'{aqailQn']l
"n.l[?n1qA':4.38JU
irertqtr]lairtn::ci
alrfiuuuruffflryrar
rAarh
T?NNonuilnt{'lu
q
r^ e,r^\4
9J
e.t
I
IJfllJErLOO{?',]
m eJ n 0u
eJl u 8{.lv{
E}lu'l
ilnnuoEhltfiuuriqu"
q
.24 by Mahidol University
Copyright
.-
-3
4,
7i
i
i*
+ ft;,.
tJ:r
tiffi
-51
d4
14',1.1lvl t
it
tl touty
ilnfluq
I
(
'51 LAT
TlN
al
rnouTt
It
]JTv5'.t$
IA
T?N}JO
rdoQ,,,
il:vgr
tq
rfrrymuriufrrulvrqzun
uuctl?JltU
?tu?{nfl?uo?uar{ ta
jj
|
tl taurl lauLtnvqilo?
r
nnougl'l{oiln
oQ
9,
6t
a.' 4 il4
?1'1.1 11,1 LYIUUilOU
69',
r
d4
LT
n},:n?T?8JLtn
e, Q r'Xa,
6lr,
a
nlliltlu Ltlutuua?{
L}1
ao-a.ri
ur::qinlrfllolryu.:
ire.r'Lqfiu{n{tu
I
AAA
{.3 9t{1
A'fda
lnoil:v Luruunrud..:
A
aJ
9.t
3.1
3.1'l
YILY'lOUTn?qiln l
ilTU{totLqun
I
q q q]
tl
AAa-rYl
atQ .v
'
eJ
.tgJ
9./
14',1y11.3fl1UO?UquLa{
??8JN0nUOUO11
Copyright
27
I
,9.tvd
il:vmzud;l{dr?o
.u
ai
fi uriu ri t riJu
nuqrilurrLa.S
eq
IA
r
flna{Ltlll,{tLulJttuu
Ve,
L?
n.3
nth
u
irxru:{'Lq'hilnn{'laJ
atU
AA
vl'nauilll4ntlanleJ
o'lnlqtqoruJl
I
A
n?.: tYll l'14 Y LTO{UI N
ri:vrr'16'nt5n
et 5'1 q ,,,ci
ur,rr
LT{
r:rd'o.lliruriuurltrr
Lnnuavfl9tfl?u
w
9.ttaJvgt
tljl tt1l.3llufl L TA{
€
TN19LNN L?1?1{TNU
|tu
o?-rNulaHrdnufl}.l
9,t t)
6 .r
zud:Nd::od{ldN
U
AA.
fl1.{UUNSNtgog
Copyright28by Mahidol University
'5e-
Tlj *
r*
\<q.
l
nr
or:tatra
i
X'.
LO
U?U111 tU
n rfi u nfi
6 6 -V
urjrj nr
T
I
314M vr a
L1J
Ll'1U UJLI
|
9,,
et jc,, o
Ld
?1,[ylv11Ntr
a
Q a
LNUILFIT'I LAKUO1UAT{
eJUtl4uvl? tU
rueirun nr dt nr rfi u.r rfi utfrutru
t?n]}[
r.rarq
irulruutr.srt'lndo
X
doudufruuruararyd..:
aor{
q
:
oVgz
lnqilT.l
rrnnvffufiudi
sJ
r
Olnlqfouu]td
I
LaflNvrnd{tflilnailnln
Yta.tg)
qa{T?Nnilttn
q
(vtruo.lwln{ulclflfl)
vu6lV,ia
ra{nhda
Ld
9)
firrj
ri o u o eir..:fi
rnm?1il uir
o?'r
8r
oililuru
e.r6
q fi q a::
dvar 0 Liluufi{fi
eiafi
mlt{
ueronaiumnil4nnudnlu
aoAVtd
t Y
e, -at
.
Y
I
T? N nUfl Ft?fl sJ',lUEl 0 qlun U
'J
qo{Nn?Nnul
Qg., l
..1
1'l.l ttil??1'].3
a
qrQ j
114
It
afldll,[n
LNNw
Vte)
il
tLU? tLUfl? U $n Lg
ifrum{rurja.rfrr,
tu
ia
oail? Lafl{ tt? onoeJ?l a ta u
(vi
30
r9tA
fl?unrvEutqe
a'di
Lurilauild
9,,
rua t wl a..t Lyt 1^l yt 0..1 )
A
d
Ag,, o
eJql,['l t? uu3.,l1 n.3
u
ur/rr:r
rir ru fiuamriahtTn n
auvrln
rn
vfi rgfiufu ur or #o e.n ir roirTon
i:JTucrl:Jfir4n6'reru
6,r
e.r
ar-
ornr cf 6ur.ir rfr urh 6a ru *frr
9,,
u
IU
,4
a,t
I
It
,4
urcr
firffi q rn loit 6 nrnu
qa{??eJnilttn tflo?u4nnu
rfiaannrua{lfu*rr6ru
rir u n:r {urd aulfl ntttte
q
Qndrfinlh.ifr nnfi ourcr
9,
I
e,
d
I
r ji
tr'-
n a{ 8J'l?? eJnuL[n fl {
,N LlJ
erJlri
u rfl
,X
ttglu
w
rlru?squs$fluflrqilu
u
t €rt r
affi udljQn
njt
u
u
dt
a4 ozV td
t{,,3
rdue'
U.l
UJ
tlnu
ufihi fr tq
druffimrTanlfr'aolc
arnrFildu?qvrdnno0n1a
iltslraeterlfi6os
arnr ofi a qieou da sn,fl
ar meafirr
o'l n'l e[
uaar# fi dr o* fi rlrurin
aial6',nlfifi .r#artroTrntj
ua gda
ilro sufi o nrs sndaul$?
mr?fi a {ds rn
s a o arnr
orirtr?rfi o
a*rfro
)
ornr orfl uds,ir rfl ua ei, r fladruit lr"n*6
f,qi
ua
sfu
fir uarfl r q oln'l
Ff
I
lufr
ssrge*urarf,l"l nrfiogorer fi rtfiarmolunranstauarnralqsarrffi TosfiiltJ
trrornr6q$lesnorrdaefiro6rq rdrr l*Iffi lou lslffi uqu aanatol
Ofl
ufirsfi
d-,dqfiqr1*r:rirm5l6osad.rfi frio) nr6uauloaonlsd trflufirsfi firiituil?lrar
lrnogrfluf,uomaoiaurp*duasfio{) firstfloa dslfrud ar€nau flaau rr€rJoau
duau
ts
6u5cru
ua#su6arjr.6r*"1tduuilorh usrir n{ulvl {uaraas ulofis6eluag
'
I
tsa L€Ftgtlsdl
arnrrtu€{md
ldfi n6grufi
*
rfl
uraJtrifi artrfi
uarnr rtfi fi rJEurnrsosflrtoirsl $ta tuil'l s lri fi Eluavaos
wirq
r6arJu
uuuaisfi
Siornrrrsil
st
rnlddosrfr uudsfi fi
arnroGqnd rdu u€ranrfiIciour{o rfurnr t1silsra r{our ld aru r{snir(tmilt$uil
ranarlifi{nuarfiaaejrioeru?raaa:lr1fir6ot6'6*lff1r.taarnarsiu drgfluraarfidulfi
fia ertuqir4€a1u1€uasnr erfirsaanf soudusfl
,lolol*beqnd
dau€ursufi
ufi
ufirofi t tlt*uiuasfro{dasnr€aan m
oornrnu€tsu€aarnrorflufi
rdu
rrffiisfi fi
arnroldu€q# 16'ruiu?raufi fi n*ardsaqirnnuuriu rdu orll:snrilsuof uuaisafiH
$agu%isfi nnufirq{irfi oqrnnrruanlufr 16'uri uufiasauufi fi nrmsrotGqfro lgs{r$
qod1iln€ril *rkiaeroiurn:* aluaraas rhsarsfi$6u1 rluaqluarnrrfrurnsfiilbJrnort
ilsrsrililfinrdsur€reanlu usifi'rldfiflrsudnudssuas,irlfl$6'at?1ilaqi n't#ilunln*
ld6larnrodarfirhl4niu dsufrqgfiui$ag,irueulrilrnfiorl rnfiarmtntflufruonet
lfi
dusrnelornarnrdrfl ufi :fiila0 gn;ralfrft
d
\
I
r. dgormssianuuasf,o{ nnngtuarnrnorfirnrnr{uasao{ uilonni$
I
L
/J-,,
rirl#drsnrerro?qufiuloibirfiilfi uasrfr$
"1 oaoo0ra6l1?fiufi1*tuornra
arruryroGndrq rd$ tenrfirnfiussiluurslo ltnut,EofirJaq lgnd$daorfio
uflaoirs
i
Iserftlo ilrqthSi$sa larfiurdoo ru*rdrfrudrr
a rirlfrnsro€grfiuloEosfi srsin$* tnngarnreiiils fi ilfir,rmssiaesilu
nnnr&sarfi slosondsogrfi $ldqrndulfifi rlqnlrn€narfi fi nrmnomur$d$fin
osunsgunfu
s.
fi
nrtuGq6u[ofiru6oaroqrsldha
drtfir:
snnrdfiofiras dorlfitr,lflrlfiuas*ilonlndu sfionnil6$rddat
n,pdu unafisrirlftnru4filuutrennreiasfru lfiosornrJiilrnrgoselsra*looanlsd
fiGrrrsumnfr$
a. rirlfirfi
qnaudnilmurir#aft firuriau n€mn u+iueirlfidrefl*nrgfris'l
nnil6{so1o rirlffioqursrfiquagla$r6rq 4niou fiuafil6ed*

The development and implementation of the verse

Transcription

Similar documents

z.:rN^uqlrj:vrurarfi1dfu,l"`qa::... ..99,1-00 .......]J..Iu 6. :turyonilvfl ::ufl l:fl

dr rn au`rrnufi d`,rrfpr nnn:dr Ft:.r N

The potential of monks in organizing education for children and

qunSfu btoba( Load ua(ance lno?1`ll,lu`l

Blow molding

Letter No : 71 : मनरेगा अंतर्गत माह नवम्बर 2013 की

Chapter 4 Herbs that Urine Promoting and Dampness Draining

usrrll ehf,Glf,noaslo olno

o*8qG$

AEIfUIE - Online Travel Fair

!"id d cffi.fn Fsrq Etarq srqff 6r qF€{ d_s {Gfd + pm q{ trfud{lffffiifu

Invertek Drives - OPTIDRIVE

National Pay Scale-2015

E-mHrt_B Tt-\irqT. - Chhattisgarh Horticulture

Nielsen_Watch_Buy_Report_Q4 2014

Sedie/Chairs Sgabelli/Stools

Manuale utente PicoScope serie 6000A/B/C/D

Manual - TamiyaUSA.com

Tutorial Microsoft Outlook

PPI Jepang_debby.cdr

Presentazione di PowerPoint

ज्ञापांक- 807 : श्री जय प्रकाश मंडल, विशेष सचिव, नगर