Insecta Part 1 - Marietta College

Subphylum Uniramia
Class Insecta
I. Orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata,
Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Plecoptera and
Isoptera
Dave McShaffrey
Biology Department
Marietta College
Fall, 2000
Order Ephemeroptera Mayflies
• e-fem-er-op’ ter-a Gr. ephemeros, lasting but
a day + pteron, wing
• direct development; small to medium sized
• adults: membranous wings, forewings larger,
wings held vertical, vestigial mouthparts
• larvae: aquatic, usually 3 caudal filaments,
platelike gills
• benthic, freshwater
• 2,000 species
Ephemerella needhami
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella needhami
Ephemerellidae
Isonychia bicolor
Oligoneuriidae
Flat-headed mayfly larva
Heptageniidae
Mayfly larva
Potamanthidae
Order Odonata - Dragonflies &
Damselflies
•
•
•
•
o-do-na’ ta Gr. odontos, toothed
direct development
large
adults: membranous wings equal in size, long
slender abdomen, large eyes
– dragonflies - wings held horizontally at rest
– damselflies - wings held vertically at rest
Order Odonata - Dragonflies &
Damselflies (cont.)
• larvae: aquatic, with prehensile labium
covering lower part of face
– dragonflies - stout, with 3 pointed caudal
appendages
– damselflies - slender, with 3 flattened,
leaflike caudal appendages (gills)
• benthic, freshwater, adults and larvae
predaceous
• 4,870 species
Aeshnidae - Anax junius
Green Darner
Green Darner
Aeshnidae - Anax junius
Libelullidae - Celithemis elisum
Calico Pennant
Libelullidae - Sympetrum rubicundulum
Ruby Meadowhawk
Libelullidae - Erythemis simplicicollis
Eastern Pondhawk
Gomphidae - Clubtails
Lestidae - Spreadwings
Calopterygidae - Calopteryx maculata
Black-winged Damselflies
Calopterygidae - Hetaerina americana
American Ruby-spot Damselfly
Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis
Blue-fronted Dancer
Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis
Blue-fronted Dancer
Coenagrionidae - Ischnura posita
Fragile Forktail
Damselfly Larva
American Ruby-spot Damselfly
Dragonfly larva - Hagenius brevistylus
Dragonhunter
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Labium of dragonfly larva
Order Orthoptera
• (Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts,
cockroaches, walking sticks, praying mantids)
• or-thop’ ter-a Gr. orthos, straight + pteron,
wing
• direct development
Order Orthoptera (cont.)
• medium to large sized
• forewings leathery, hindwings membranous
and folded fanwise, chewing mouthparts
• wings lacking in many forms
• terrestrial, many are herbivorous
• 20,000 species
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper
(juvenile)
Acrididae
Band-winged Grasshopper
Band-winged Grasshopper
Acrididae
Gryllidae - Phyllopalpus pulchellus
Red-headed Bush Cricket
Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.
Angular-winged Katydid
Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.
Angular-winged Katydid
Tettigoniidae
Tympanum
Meadow Grasshopper
Tettigoniidae
Tetrigidae.
Pygmy Grasshopper
Gryllotalpidae - Neocurtilla hexadactyla
Mole Cricket
Ant-loving Cricket
Gryllidae - Myrmecophila pergandei
Order Dermaptera - Earwigs
• der-map’ ter-a Gr. derma, skin + pteron,
wing
• direct development
• medium sized
Order Dermaptera - Earwigs (cont.)
• forewings hardened and short, hindwings
membranous and folded under forewings,
chewing mouthparts
• cerci are like forceps
• terrestrial, many are detritivores, some
herbivores and carnivores
• 1,100 species
European Earwig
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
European Earwig
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
European Earwig
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies
• ple-kop’ ter-a Gr. plekein, to twist + pteron,
wing
• direct development
• small to medium sized
Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies (cont.)
• adults - all wings membranous, hindwings
larger
• larvae - aquatic, filamentous gills mostly on
thorax, 2 cerci
• larvae benthic, freshwater, usually in cleaner
streams
• 1,500 species
Peltoperlidae - Peltoperla sp.
Perlodidae - Isoperla sp.
Perlidae - Acroneuria sp.
Order Isoptera - Termites
•
•
•
•
eye-sop’ ter-a Gr. isos, equal + pteron, wing
direct development
small sized
equal, membranous wings, thorax and
abdomen broadly joined
• wings lacking in workers, mature
reproductives
• terrestrial, social, feed on wood
• 1,900 species
The End.
Chapter 20
Integrated Principles
of Zoology
Eleventh Edition
Hickman/Roberts/Larson
(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.