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Module 4: Sustainability and Extinction
Enquire with Darwin KS3 Module 4: Sustainability and Extinction Vulnerable species and habitats 01 Isolated habitats Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands in 1835 02 Isolated habitats An isolated island 03 Vulnerable species Marine iguanas, Fernandina Island http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-marine-iguana/ amblyrhynchus-cristatus/video-00.html 04 Vulnerable species Land iguanas http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-land-iguana/ conolophus-subcristatus/video-08.html 05 Vulnerable species Giant Galapagos tortoise, Santa Cruz Island http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-giant-tortoise/ geochelone-spp/video-00.html 06 Vulnerable species Galapagos hawk Prey species Bartholomew Island lizard Flightless cormorant (Fernandina Island) 07 Vulnerable species Birds of the Galapagos Galapagos dove; a fairly Galapagos penguin, common species on all Fernandina Island. of the islands. It is endemic to the Galapagos Islands. 08 Red breasted frigate bird North Seymour Island. Darwin used the frigate bird as an example of a webfooted bird that no longer spends much time on water. Vulnerable species Birds of the Galapagos Warbler finch, Espanola Island One species of Galapagos mockingbird Cactus finch 09 Vulnerable species Galapagos insects Galapagos spider Crickets on Santa Cruz Island Queen butterfly Galapagos centipede Carpenter bee on cactus flower 10 Vulnerable habitats Vulnerable habitats Red mangrove Prickly pear cactus 11 Vulnerable habitats When the Beagle visited 4 of the Galapagos islands in 1835 P.G.King made these sketches 12 Vulnerable habitats Human activities 13 Vulnerable habitats Human activities Habitat destruction Building Global warming Hunting Human population growth Invasive or introduced species Tourism Agriculture/Farming Fishing 14 Food chain basics: who eats who? • • • • W hich is the consumer? W hich is the producer? P ut them in order. Match food eaten to type of organism. Predator Carnivore Consumer Prey Herbivore Producer Green plant Green plant 15 Conservation efforts Tortoise-breeding programme 16 Resource materials Food web Mockingbird Centipede Warbler Finch Spider Nectar-feeding insects such as bees and butterflies Giant tortoise Land lguana 17 Cactus Finch Resource materials The Galapagos Islands board game You join a captive breeding programme: population rise 500 Your habitat becomes protected: population rise 2000 You join a conservation programme: population rise 1000 You don’t breed this year: miss a turn 18 Resource materials Invasive species factfile cards Factfile: Invaders Goat Factfile: Invaders Cat Factfile: Invaders Pig •Introduced to Galapagos by humans •Kept by people for meat and milk •Eat plants such as the prickly pear and eggs •Introduced to Galapagos by humans •Hunts invertebrates and small mammals •Common in Galapagos • Kept by islanders for meat •Eat plants such as the prickly pear and eggs 19 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos tortoise Factfile: Galapagos Land iguana Factfile: Galapagos Prickly pear cactus •Large reptile can grow to about 1.2 M in length and around 215 kg in weight •Can live for up to 200 yrs •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Lays eggs in ground nests and does not look after its young •Reptile, part of the lizard family, can grow up to in 1.5 M in length and over 11 kg in weight •Found only in the Galapagos Islands • Lays eggs in ground burrows •Herbivore: feeds on plants, the prickly pear cactus is a major food source. •A cactus plant that produces yellow flowers and fruit •Most common cactus in Galapagos •Pollinated by nectar-feeding insects and the cactus finch •Some species found only in the Galapagos Islands •Herbivore: feeds on plants, the prickly pear cactus is a major food source 20 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos hawk Factfile: Galapagos Cactus finch Factfile: Galapagos Warbler finch •A bird of prey, can grow to about 55cm beak to tail and with a wing span of about 120cm •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Nests mostly in trees and in high rocky areas •Carnivore: feeds on insects, centipedes, small reptiles and birds and also the young of larger reptiles •Small bird, found only in the Galapagos Islands •Herbivore: feeds on prickly pear cactus seeds, pollen and nectar •Nests in the prickly pear cactus •A very small bird with a thin probing beak •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Carnivore: feeds on small insects •A tree-nesting bird 21 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos mockingbird Factfile: Galapagos Carpenter bee Factfile: Galapagos Silver argiope spider •Most common mockingbird species on Galapagos •Has a long tail and a small pointed beak •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Omnivore: feeds on small reptiles, young finches, centipedes, insects and other small invertebrates •Nests in cacti and in trees •Large hairy bee •Pollen and nectar feeding •Particularly likes yellow flowers •Nests in dead wood and timber •Only species of bee in the Galapagos Islands •Pollinates 75% of plants on the islands •Has a silver body and holds its legs in pairs is t looks like it only has 4 legs •Builds web •Carnivore: feeds on small insects and invertebrates •Lives on the Prickly Pear Cactus 22 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos centipede Factfile: Galapagos Queen butterfly •Large centipede •Lives under rocks and leaf litter •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Carnivore: feeds on small insects, spiders and soil invertebrates •Large orange and black butterfly •Tastes nasty to birds •Nectar feeding •Found only in the Galapagos Islands •Important pollinator of Galapagos flowers 23 Acknowledgements This resource has been produced by The Charles Darwin Trust ©The Charles Darwin Trust 2012 Series editor Dr Susan Johnson Author Emma Newall Editor Karen Goldie-Morrison Design SPY Studio Photographs taken at Down House are with thanks to English Heritage which owns and opens the House to the public. Thank you to our current funders who are supporting Darwin Inspired learning and have made Enquire with Darwin possible: the Evolution Education Trust, the Foyle Foundation, the Garfield Weston Foundation, the JJ Charitable Trust and the Mark Leonard Trust, The Mercers’ Company, and a number of individual donors. 24 Picture Credits Slides 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 far left & left, 10 bottom middle, 11 left, 16, 20 left & middle, 21 left, A&V Stevens Slide 2 NASA Slide 3 SPY Studio/The Charles Darwin Trust Slide 9 left Putney Mark/Wikimedia Slide 9 middle DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/)/Wikimedia Slide 9 right Darwin-online/Wikimedia Slide 10 top middle DirkydM/Wikimedia Slide 10 top right Korall/Wikimedia Slide 10 far left Jordanfischer/Flikr Slide 10 bottom right Neal/Wikimedia Slide 11 right Wikimedia Slide 12 Public domain/Wikimedia Slide 13 Constantine/Wikimedia Slide 19 clip art Slide 20 right Wikimedia Slide 21 middle Darwin-online/Wikimedia Slide 21 right Putney Mark/Wikimedia Slide 22 left DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/)/Wikimedia Slide 22 middle Neal/Wikimedia Slide 22 right DirkydM/Wikimedia Slide 23 left Jordanfischer/Flikr Slide 23 right Korall/Wikimedia 24
