Military Helicopter - Accommodation

Transcription

SHEPHARD
SHEPHARD
COMPACT, BRIEF &
ILLUSTRATED
military helicopter handbook 2008
HELICOPTER
Specifications
WEAPON
SPECIFICATIONS
HELMET-MOUNTED
DISPLAYS & NVGs
Military Helicopter
handbook 2008
SENSOR
SPECIFICATIONS
integrated mission
systems
A Shephard Press publication
GUIDE TO MILITARY
OPERATORS
guide to suppliers
product guide
The concise global industry guide
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Publisher
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Editor
Peter Donaldson [email protected]
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Jon Lake
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3Introduction
The editor muses on the implications of a potentially game-changing new
weapon: the laser-guided rocket.
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© 2007 The Shephard Press
Published November 2007
ISSN 1365-6600
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Printed by Williams Press, Berkshire, UK.
SHEPHARD
Military Helicopter
4
Mixed messages in a sellers’ market
Jon Lake looks at the drivers behind today’s boom in military helicopter
orders and wonders when it will benefit warfighters in the field.
9 Helicopter specifications
Concise descriptions, photographs and specification data on the world’s
major military helicopters.
41 Weapon systems specifications
Anti-armour, anti-ship and air-to-air missiles, torpedoes, rockets and gun
systems for rotorcraft.
65 Helmet-mounted displays and NVGs
Integrated helmets and night vision goggles and HMDs are essential for
modern helicopter operations.
73 S
ensor specifications
A selection of major radar, thermal imaging and other electro-optical
sensors developed for military helicopters.
93 Integrated mission systems
A selection of integrated mission systems and supplier capabilities for
military rotorcraft.
101 Guide to military fleets
Military helicopter operators are listed alphabetically by country with types,
bases and contact details where available.
117 Guide to suppliers
An alphabetical guide to the military helicopter industry worldwide. The
Product Guide on page 165 provides a quick-reference index to suppliers.
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COVER: A Utah Army National Guard soldier from the 19th Special Forces is hoisted
up to an HH-60 Pave Hawk in a CSAR integration exercise. (Photo: US DoD, by Master
Sgt Kevin J Gruenwald, US Air Force.)
Peter Donaldson « INTRODUCTION
WELCOME
I
f post Cold War combat
experience with attack
helicopters has proved
one thing, it is that they
are supremely flexible
weapon systems capable of
adapting to just about any
circumstances in which they find themselves. Widely
publicised setbacks, such as those that kept Task Force
Hawk out of Kosovo and the ambushed Karbala raid in the
invasion of Iraq, inevitably brought out critics, some (but
not necessarily all) with axes to grind. They opined that
such failures called into question the very concept of the
attack helicopter. Despite this, smart operators have always
proved able to use the vehicle’s inherent flexibility to get
back on top, as subsequent Apache operations in Iraq and
Afghanistan have amply demonstrated.
However, the attack helicopter is still hamstrung by a
capability gap when it comes to engaging point targets
beyond the range of the gun but for which a weapon as
large, expensive and powerful as an anti-tank missile
is not justified. This has long been the thrust of the
argument behind the US Army backed efforts to provide
semi-active laser homing capability to the 2.75 inch
rocket manifested in the Low Cost Precision Kill (LCPK)
and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) I
and II programmes.
There’s no doubt that such a weapon would fill
the gap and that operators want it. Like most development
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Peter Donaldson, Editor
[email protected]
Military Helicopter Portfolio
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programmes, particularly in the US, it has political
enemies who ensured APKWS II funding was zeroed shortly
after BAE Systems’ solution had been selected as the one
to go forward.
So powerful is the idea, however, that Lockheed Martin
has continued to develop its own solution using its own
money and is promoting it internationally under the name
of the Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR), emphasising its
compatibility with Hellfire launchers and the resulting lockon before launch (LOBL) capability that enables aviators to
know exactly what they are shooting at before they pull the
trigger – a vital capability today. What’s more, the US and
Korea have agreed to develop another one together, known
as the Low Cost Guided Imaging Rocket (LOGIR), Norway’s
Kongsberg has been working on another for a while and
has now teamed up with Canada’s Bristol Aerospace,
manufacturer of the CRV-7 rocket family.
The US Marine Corps is also showing interest in the
concept, so much so that the Corps has floated the idea
of developing a laser guidance kit for its much larger 5
inch (127 mm) Zuni rocket, a weapon that the Corps’
SuperCobra fleet is qualified to fire, but whose sheer size
rules it out as a weapon to fill the cannon/ATGM gap.
With JCM very much on the back burner, laser-guided
rockets could turn out to be the most important new
helicopter weapon systems we can expect for many years.
PUBLICATIONS
EVENTS
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3
VIEW » Jon Lake
Jon Lake « VIEW
MIXED MESSAGES IN A
SELLER’S MARKET
By Jon Lake
The military need for helicopters is huge, but procurement decisions drag and manufacturers
struggle to meet existing orders and manoeuvre into support contracts to cover future gaps.
E
veryone seems to agree – the global helicopter market
is booming, and some manufacturers are reportedly
‘sold out’ for the next 18-24 months. The market for
military helicopters over the next decade is expected to be
even larger than that for civil rotorcraft (59%) and many
analysts estimate that as many as 8,500 will be sold during
the period. There are increasing opportunities from new
military requirements and major procurements are emerging
to replace heritage fleets in existing roles.
This might seem a foreign concept to the people of the
UK’s Joint Helicopter Command, who are still waiting for a
new medium-lift helicopter to address the huge shortfalls in
capacity identified by Britain’s National Audit Office in 2004.
It may seem almost incredible to aircrew, many of whom
have to go out and fly combat missions in superannuated
Sea Kings and ancient Pumas, or in Lynxes that struggle in
hot and high conditions. It might even seem strange to some
of those at AgustaWestland’s Yeovil factory, who have seen
few new orders for their Merlin in recent years – despite
its obvious capability and many advantages.
On the other side of the Atlantic, there are some who
have yet to experience any benefit from this boom in
orders. While Sikorsky’s S-70/H-60 family continues to
attract orders, the company has so far found only a single
customer for the military version of its fast-selling and
impressive S-92.
But those who can see a bigger picture know that
Boeing can’t build Chinooks quickly enough to meet
demand – Eurocopter is finding the same for the Cougar
and AgustaWestland’s Italian factory is finding it tough to
keep up with demand for its AW139, while the A109
continues to sell in large numbers.
So what lies behind today’s huge demand for military
helicopters?
Operational Experience
» Building Chinooks fast enough to meet demand is a big
challenge. (Photo: Boeing)
4
Military Helicopter Handbook 2008
The post Cold War world has been marked by an explosion
of low intensity conflict, and a significant increase in
‘Operations Other Than War’ (OOTW).
Such operations place great emphasis on the
expeditionary capability and rapid deployability that
helicopters enable. There is often a requirement for
patrolling, which requires relatively small numbers of
troops to be moved rapidly and safely around large areas.
In theatre, responding effectively to ‘hit and run’
attacks requires rapid reaction and great agility in
deploying forces. There is also often a need to extract
small units from unfriendly territory where road transport
would be in real danger of ambush or bombs. The threat
posed by irregular forces may make routine movement
by road prohibitively risky, placing a further premium
on helicopter lift.
With a need to minimise collateral damage and friendly
casualties, firepower has to be applied with ever greater
» US Navy MH-60S Seahawks have established themselves
as stalwart maritime workhorses. (Photo: US Navy)
precision, and the best attack helicopters frequently offer
greater accuracy and more discriminatory close air support
than many fast jet platforms.
Naval helicopters are also kept busy. Obviously,
amphibious lift can allow troops to operate from the
relative safety of a ship, but few nations have sufficient
amphibious lift capacity, so some specialised ASW
helicopters have been pressed into service in the transport
and assault roles. Offensive naval helicopters have also
seen action, protecting civilian and military vessels from
attackers using very small craft.
In both land and maritime environments,
unconventional and irregular enemy forces pose particular
intelligence problems, since they tend to be extremely
fast-moving, and often hit and run. This places great
importance on accurate and responsive ISTAR, and
helicopters have already proved well-suited to this role.
Afghanistan and Iraq underline the need for better hot
and high performance, and this has helped to drive a
continuing move away from the use of single-engine
aircraft in all roles, along with an increased emphasis on
the larger medium and heavy helicopters.
The main market demand is still led by medium twins,
but with an increasing interest in heavy lift rotorcraft,
perhaps stimulated by the success of today’s larger
helicopters, including the Merlin, Chinook and Mi-26. Many
believe that tomorrow’s transport helicopters will carry
more than a single squad of troops.
As important as size is versatility, and recent operations
have only served to underline the importance of being able
to rapidly reconfigure for other roles, from medevac to
configurations tailored to allow participation in aid and
reconstruction work. »
visit us at www.shephard.co.uk
5
VIEW » Jon Lake
Thousands of rotary and fixed wing pilots rely on our advanced situational awareness, threat warning
and ECM suites. Our EW team digs deep, not just to meet the specs, but to find the best solution to
every problem. And the result? Systems that exceed expectations and deliver in a conflict’s defining
moment. Missions succeed, and pilots come home. To learn more, just visit us at itt.com/victor.
In the conflict’s defining moment,
be defined as the victor.
(Photo: Patrick Allen)
Smaller, leaner helicopter fleets are being asked to do
more with less, with high utilisation rates demanded and
expected. Tomorrow’s helicopters will therefore be
expected to give lower operating costs and higher levels of
maintainability and availability. They will also be expected
to be easy and economic to upgrade.
Other drivers
However, it is not only current and ongoing operations that
are driving helicopter procurement policies and
programmes – though they may be skewing short term
spending priorities! Simply, many of today’s military
helicopters are either obsolete, or are getting to the end of
their lives, and with previously planned replacement
programmes delayed or cancelled to save money, many
operators are running out of time and options.
Many helicopters remain in service that were introduced
during the 1970s, and though these can be upgraded, a
number of the types would remain too limited, even after
modernisation. Some are particularly poorly suited for the
kind of international coalition operations that have become
routine – lacking commonality and network connectivity
and requiring their own dedicated logistics chain.
Buying new often represents a more cost-effective
solution and some analysts note that the retrofit option is
losing favour with major nations. If this is true, the UK is
going against the grain with plans to fit its ageing
Commando Sea Kings with Carson blades and the
proposed ‘Puma Gold’/Puma Mk 2 upgrade, which aims to
keep both types working until around 2017.
Though the importance of some helicopter roles has
reduced, leading to reductions in force structure in some
capability areas, there are other emerging tasks that
represent new market opportunities. In the USA, for
example, helicopters have been pressed into use in a
number of homeland security-related roles.
6
» Stopgap upgrades are the order of the day in the UK.
Rolls-Royce estimate a global market of 8,493 new or
upgraded military rotorcraft (worth an estimated $120 billion
between 2007 to 2016), with a significant growth (of about
7% annually) until 2012, thereafter subsiding to a more
sustainable level. (Frost and Sullivan European value the
European share at about $26 billion between 2006-2015).
As the decade continues, factors driving growth will
increasingly come to be balanced by contrary factors.
Analysts predict continued shrinkage in European defence
budgets in real terms, leading to reductions in force
structure, consolidation of existing fleets, and a slow-down
in re-equipment programmes.
This seems likely to be exacerbated by the migration of
some tasks from military units to semi-privatised
operations. Second-line tasks, including VIP transport,
vertrep, training and civilian SAR cover (and perhaps even
some routine transport tasks), are likely to be taken over by
civilian operators with smaller, leaner fleets.
ROTOR ALTERNATIVES
There are also mission areas in which helicopters are likely
to be supplanted by other types of aircraft that may be
cheaper to operate, and/or which may be more effective in
particular roles. For some battlefield ISTAR roles, for
example, manned fixed-wing platforms may offer a viable
alternative, while in other roles UAVs will take over some
traditional manned helicopter tasks.
Northrop Grumman started production of the MQ-8B Fire
Scout in Jan 2007, and the aircraft will form a key part of
the US Army’s Future Combat Systems programme, as well
as serving on the US Navy’s new Littoral Combat Ships. Only
a little way behind the Fire Scout are the Bell TR918 Eagle
Eye, the Boeing A-160 Hummingbird and the ‘optionally
manned’ Boeing MH/AH-6X Unmanned Little Bird (ULB). »
ITT, the Engineered Blocks logo, and ENGINEERED FOR LIFE are
registered trademarks of ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.,
and are used under license. ©2007, ITT Corporation.
Communications • Sensing & Surveillance • Space • Advanced Engineering & Integrated Services
VIEW » Jon Lake
When the current boom in demand has passed, many
manufacturers will find themselves in the same situation as
some of today’s military fixed-wing manufacturers.
Whereas fighter builders could once expect one production
programme to dovetail neatly into the next, smaller
production runs and longer service lives now tend to leave
gaps between the end of one programme and the
production of a successor. The most successful companies
have attempted to plug these gaps by diversifying into the
provision of integrated support contracts.
AgustaWestland has already won such contracts for the
UK’s Sea King and Merlin, while Boeing has established
similar arrangements with the RAF’s Chinook force. But
this represents only the tip of a potentially profitable
iceberg. Many now believe that such incentivised
integrated support contracts will become more and more
common and that they will increasingly become ‘core
business’ for companies today viewed as aircraft design
and production organisations.
Key Programmes
However, at the moment business is still booming and
many manufacturers are struggling to meet demand, while
programme activity is high.
With the US Army, Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard all
operating massive fleets of helicopters, the USA remains
the largest and most lucrative market for military
helicopter manufacturers. Once a virtual monopoly for US
manufacturers, the US armed forces have in recent years
selected a number of foreign designed helicopters for
service in large numbers, albeit with the European OEMs
concerned teaming with US partner companies to achieve
their sales breakthroughs.
The biggest such success, in terms of numbers of
helicopters, was the selection of the EC145 (UH-72A) as the
US Army’s LUH. More than 300 are required, primarily for
use in the Homeland Security role by the National Guard.
The most prominent European success was the selection
of a variant of the EH101 Merlin as the VH-71 to meet the
requirement for a new Presidential helicopter. Surprisingly
in view of this, the HH-71 lost out to the HH-47G version of
the Chinook in the USAF’s CSAR-X competition.
Unaccountably, the quick, capacious, quiet Merlin lost
out to a helicopter with a notably distinctive and loud noise
signature and downwash characteristics that make it a
poor winching platform – two attributes that would seem
to make it less than ideally suited for the Combat Search
and Rescue mission. As a result, the US Government
Accountability Office upheld Sikorsky and Lockheed Martin
protests and directed that the programme be re-examined.
The Bell-Boeing MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor is now in full-rate
production and was, at the time of writing, preparing for an
8
operational deployment to Iraq. Many air forces will watch
the Osprey’s operational debut with great interest, as
foreign interest in the type is reportedly growing.
US-built helicopters are still enjoying great success
outside the USA. The USMC’s CH-53K has attracted real
interest in Europe – especially to meet the Franco-German
HTH requirement, while the Netherlands Air Force order
for the CH-47F is just the latest Chinook achievement.
helicopter specifications
weapon
specifications
NO ROOM FOR COMPLACENCY
Today’s boom would have seemed like a drought at the
height of the Cold War. There will be a series of hard fought
battles for orders, and no manufacturer can afford to be
complacent. The major players in the West are competing
in a smaller market, and are facing stiffer competition from
further East, with Russia, India and China all becoming
more important players.
In Russia, there was some initial fragmentation after the
Cold War, as individual factories marketed different
versions of the same helicopter types, often in competition
with the original Design Bureau, so that Rostvertol, Kazan,
Ulan Ude and Mil were at one time all offering competing
Mil Mi-17 variants. But the Russian helicopter industry is
now consolidating and is achieving sales even in the
absence of demand in the home market.
The Indian aerospace industry has successfully launched
its indigenous HAL Dhruv ALH, which will be procured by
all three armed services and by the Coast Guard, though
India remains a major customer for foreign built
helicopters, with an ongoing requirement for more than
300 new light helicopters.
In China, AVIC II is overseeing the development of a
range of new indigenous helicopter programmes, while
continuing to co-operate with Eurocopter on the
development and production of existing and new types,
including the new EC175.
Elsewhere, in South Africa, Japan and South Korea for
example, there have been small indigenous helicopter
programmes, building on significant licence manufacturing
and local production. In the longer term, there may be
further ‘entrants’ with some Middle East nations
developing local industrial infrastructure and requiring
industrial offset as a pre-condition of new rotorcraft
procurement programmes. This, it is hoped, will stimulate
and ‘feed’ indigenous aerospace industries.
There has already been some consolidation of helicopter
companies through merger and take-over, but many
analysts believe that significant further rationalisation is
inevitable. This ‘shake out’ may, however, be delayed by the
cushion now being provided by the boom in civil helicopter
sales, which may be ‘propping up’ some of the less efficient
manufacturers. ∞
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgS
sensors
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
guide to military
helicopter fleets
guide to SUPPLIERS
PRODUCT GUIDE
SPECIFICATIONS
HELICOPTERS
This section describes the main rotorcraft in military service, in development or
on offer to military customers. Each aircraft is illustrated with a photograph and
specifications include a description of current usage as well as technical data.
Entries appear alphabetically under the principal manufacturer holding design
authority, unless otherwise stated.
± Gross weight = maximum all-up weight including internal load
± Empty weight = weight without fuel, crew, payload or weapons
± Length = normally fuselage length, occasionally with rotors running (‘overall’)
± Payload = maximum load either internal or external
± Max speed = Vne at sea level
± Range = typical sortie, still air
± HIGE = Hover In Ground Effect
± HOGE = Hover Outside Ground Effect
While every effort has been made to
provide accurate information, the
publishers cannot be held responsible
for errors or omissions. If you have any
comments, additions or corrections you
would like to be made please contact
the editor.
SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters
Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW101
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW129 MANGUSTA
Jointly developed by Westland and Agusta (now AgustaWestland) this 3engined medium helicopter (previously known as the EH101) has three
basic variants: Utility, Naval and Civil. Utility features a rear ramp and
shallower tail boom. Five-bladed main rotor head features redundant load
paths. Composite main and tail rotor blades, windscreens and engine air
intakes feature de-icing equipment as standard. Active Control of
Structural Response (ACSR) smoothes vibration. Fly-by-wire controls with
all-electric actuation are under development. Low noise signature gives
particular suitability for CSAR and Special Forces support. Customers
include the UK, Italy, Canada, Portugal, Denmark, Japan and the USA .
New BERP 4 advanced rotor blades and more powerful GE engines flight
tested. Powerplant: 3 x RTM 322 rated at 2,263 shp (1,688kW) or 3 x GE T700 rated at 2,145 shp (1,600 kW). Gross
weight: 32,188 lb (14,600 kg) or 34,392 lb (15,600 kg) for utility version with external load. Equipped empty weight:
20,234 lb (9,180 kg). Dimensions unfolded: Length: 74.80 ft (22.80 m). Height (rotors turning): 21.72 ft (6.62 m). Rotor
diameter: 61 ft (18.6 m). Performance: Cruise speed 150 kt (280 km/h). Max Range (naval version): 927 km (500 nm).
Max range (military utility version): 1,390 km (750 nm). HIGE: 7,300 ft (2,225 m). HOGE: 3,700 ft (1,128 m). Armament:
4 x torpedoes or depth charges, 2 x anti-ship missiles on naval versions, pintle-mounted machine guns on utility aircraft.
Tandem two-seat, twin-engined attack helicopter subsequently developed
into a multi-role combat helicopter (CBT)for the Italian Army, and for
export as AW129 International Mangusta with LHTEC T800 engines and
five blade main rotor. Ballistically tolerant airframe. Main rotor controls
pass up through rotor mast for protection. AFCS allows hands-off
operation, provides recovery capability from unusual attitudes, command
augmentation for crisp response in NOE flight and stability augmentation
for precise weapon aiming. Sensors include: FLIR and TV cameras, laser
range finder/designator, automatic target tracker, video recorder, night
piloting FLIR, IHADSS helmet display. Turkey is to acquire 50 (plus 41
options) as the T129, with more powerful LHTEC T800 engines, air-to-air
Stinger and an increased number of Hellfire ATGMs, and will become the sole source for AW129 fuselage production.
Powerplant: 2 x 890 shp (657 kW) Rolls‑Royce Gem 1004D turboshafts, or 2 x 1,362 shp (1,016 kW) LHTEC-CTS800-2
turboshafts. Gross weight: (Gem engines) 10,141 lb (4,600 kg), (CTS800 engines) 11,243 lb (5,100 kg). Performance (Gem /
CTS800): cruise speed 250 kph (135 kts) / 278 kph (150 kts); hovering OGE 1,500 m (4,920 ft) / 3,290 m (10,800 ft);
range (Std tank) 510 km (275 nm) / 561 km (303 nm); endurance (std tank) 2 h 45 min / 3 h. Armament: 8 Hellfire or
TOW missiles or a mix of both; 81 mm or 2.75 in rockets; 20 mm M-197 cannon; Stinger air-to-air missiles.
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW109 LUH
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW139 MILITARY
Latest military model of the A109 family operated by Sweden, South
Africa and Malaysia. Eight seat multi-role helicopter with composite, fourbladed, fully articulated rotor, FADEC-controlled engines and a glass
cockpit with three interchangeable 6 x 8 inch LCD multifunction displays
that allow enhanced flight and mission management. Instrument panel,
interior and exterior lighting are NVG compatible. Similar AW109 Nexus
for Italian Guardia di Finanza. Basic AW109E Power also operated by
many military users, including US Coast Guard MH-68A Sting Ray, used
for drug interdiction and harbour security operations. Powerplant: 2 x
Pratt & Whitney 207C or Arrius 2K1 turboshafts rated at 735 or 711 shp for
take‑off. Gross weight: 6,614 lb (3,000 kg). Basic Empty weight: 3,666 lb
(1663 kg) Dimensions: Length: 42.42 ft (12.93 m) with rotors turning. Height 11.22 ft (3.421m) Main Rotor diameter:
35.53 ft (10.83 m). Max standard fuel load: from 154 to 223 US gal. Performance: Max speed: (Vne) 168 kt (311 kph).
Cruise speed: 156 kt (290 kph) Range: (with 223 USGal fuel, no reserve, @5000 ft) 481 nm (890 km) Armament: Rocket
launcher 7/12/19 tubes 70/81 mm; twin machine gun-pod 7.62 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7/20 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7
mm with 3-tube 70 mm rocket launcher; anti-tank missiles (TOW, HOT or Hellfire); air-to-air missiles (Stinger or Mistral);
sling and harness set for 12.7 mm sniper rifle (USCG).
Medium twin-engined multi-role helicopter certified to FAR and JAR 29
regulations. Carries up to 15 troops or six stretchers and four medical
attendants. Features include a fully crashworthy airframe, crew- and
troop-seats, high manoeuvrability and agility, fail-safe design, systems
redundancy and separation, low acoustic and IR emission, good visibility,
low pilot workload, retractable landing gear and high tail rotor ground
clearance. Large, unobstructed cabin has big sliding doors and a flat floor.
AgustaWestland teamed with L3 Communications Integrated Systems to
offer the US139 for the US Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement.
The type has been ordered by the UAE air force for SAR, and the Irish
DoD has ordered the type for the Irish Air Corps to meet its utility
helicopter requirement. Also used by large numbers of parapublic operators. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada
PT6-67C turboshafts rated at 1,679 shp (1,252 kW) for take-off. Max take-off weight: 14,110 lb (6,400 kg) Dimensions:
Length: 54.63 ft (16.65 m) rotors running, Height: 16.24 ft 4.95 m). Cabin (LxWxH): 8.86 x 6.56 x 4.66 ft (2.7 x 2.0 x 1.42
m). Main rotor diameter: 45.28 ft (13.8 m). Performance: (ISA, MTOW) Max cruise speed: 155 kt (286 kph), VNE 167 kt
(310 kph), HOGE: 12,000 ft (3,600 m) Range (no reserve): more than 400 nm (750 km). Armament: Provision for full
range of weapons. Mock up shown with pintle mounted cabin machine gun and pylon-mounted rocket pods.
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW119 KOALA
AGUSTAWESTLAND AW149
Military version of the AW119 Koala is a fast, powerful single-turbine utility
helicopter with large, unobstructed eight place cabin. Configuration
derived from AW109E Power. Four composite main rotor and two tail rotor
blades turned by 1,002 shp PT-6 turboshaft. Avionics options include large
LCDs and a three-axis duplex AFCS. AW119 Ke has redesigned rotors,
giving increased payload and improved fuel efficiency. MTOW (int. loads):
2720 kg (5997 lb), MTOW (ext. loads): 3150 kg (6944 lb). Basic Empty
Weight: 1430 kg (3152 lb). Engine: 1 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6B-37A
turboshaft rated at 747 kW (1002 shp) for take off and 650 kW (872 shp)
max continuous. Transmission rating: 671 kW (900 shp) for take off and
max continuous. Performance: VNE (SL) 281 kph (152 kts). Max speed:
(SL) 267 kph (144 kt). HIGE: 4,450 m (14,600 ft). HOGE: 3,261 m (10,700 ft). Service ceiling: more than 6,096 m (20,000
ft). Max Range: 991 km (535 nm), max endurance 5 h 45 min, both at 5,000 ft with 230 US gallons of fuel and no reserve.
Length, rotors turning: 13.01 m (42.68 ft). Width (rotor blades at 45°): 7.66 m (25.13 ft). Maximum height: 3.77 m (12.37
ft). Main rotor diameter: 10.83 m (35.53 ft) Tail rotor diameter: 2 m (6.57 ft). Armament: 7/12/19 tube launcher for
70/80 mm rockets; twin 7.62 mm machine gun-pod; 12.7/20 mm machine gun pod; 12.7 mm machine gun pod with 3-tubes
70 mm rocket launcher.
Developed from the AW139, the AW149 is a new larger 7.5- to 8-tonne
multi-role battlefield helicopter to be designed and built at
AgustaWestland’s Yeovil, UK facility. For battlefield support roles, the
company highlights a large, unobstructed cabin and baggage
compartment that can accommodate up to 16 troops or 12 when fully
equipped, and a cargo hook able to support external loads up to 2,720 kg
(6,000 lb). The cabin has two large sliding doors and 12.4 m3 of internal
cargo space. For command and control missions, the cabin has space for
dedicated C3 equipment and two workstations. For the medevac role, the
3 m long by 2.26 m wide and 1.45 m high cabin provides the capability to
accommodate up to six stretchers leaving enough space for four
attendants and in-flight medical care equipment. For Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR) missions a rescue hoist and
other specific mission equipment and armaments can be provided. The CSAR crew concept envisages two pilots plus two
to four crewmembers. The 149 is designed to be able to operate in high threat environments so, in addition to the option
of an integrated DAS, it will have ‘modular’ ballistic tolerance beyond armour kits. It will be certified to both civil and
military standards to make it more attractive for parapublic operations. First flight is due in 2009. Cruise speed: 160 kt.
OGE hover (95°F day, full load): 6,000 ft.
10
11
AGUSTAWESTLAND FUTURE LYNX
Future Lynx represents a major rework of the Lynx airframe and mission
systems for improved land, maritime and littoral ISTAR, attack and
support/utility roles along with reduced life-cycle cost and greater
availability. UK MoD programme envisages 70 airframes plus 10 options:
40 for the British Army, 30 for the Royal Navy and five options each with
service entry in 2014 for the Army aircraft, and 2015 for the RN. The
existing dynamic system will be retained, but with enhanced reliability and
room for growth. The main rotor head will be re-tested and re-qualified
and there will be a new tail rotor to support an eventual 6,250 kg
maximum gross weight. The enhanced main gear box will have room for
growth from 1,960 to 2,150 shp to cope with CTS800 engines offering
36% greater power than Gems for similar fuel consumption. The marinised airframe will be designed for 90th percentile
crash conditions, aided by a new common undercarriage with strengthened attachments optimised for energy absorption,
a new nose and strengthened under-floor structure. The tail cone/pylon structure will also be new. All seats will be
crashworthy. Crew seats will be armoured. The self-sealing fuel system will feature external fuel tanks. A new emergency
flotation system will have a high degree of crashworthiness and a wire strike protection system will be fitted. Larger
cockpit doors will improve egress. First flight is due in November 2009.
AGUSTAWESTLAND LYNX
Small ships’ helicopter operated by most European NATO maritime forces,
also by the navies of many other nations, the latest of which include
Thailand, Malaysia and Oman. High equivalent main rotor hinge offset
provides great agility. Wheeled undercarriage benefits from harpoon hold
down gear on board ship. Operates from small ships up to and beyond sea
state 6. Battlefield variant used in anti‑armour and light utility roles by
British Army. Super Lynx 300 and Battlefield Lynx are latest production
variants with LHTEC CTS800 engines, composite rotor blades and
improved tail rotor and improved avionics and systems. ‘Future Lynx’
selected for assessment phase of UK Battlefield Light Utility Helicopter
requirement. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls‑Royce Gem 42‑1 turboshafts rated at
1,120 shp or 2 x LHTEC CTS800 turboshafts rated at 1,611 shp (30 sec OEI rating). Gross weight: 11,750 lb (5,330 kg).
Equipped empty weight: 7,782 lb (3,530 kg). Dimensions: Length: 43.76 ft (13.33 m). Height: 10.67 ft (3.25 m). Rotor
diameter: 42.0 ft (12.80 m). Performance: Cruise speed 137 kt (255 km/h), HOGE 6,726 ft (2,050 m), ROC 1,776 ft/m
(9 m/s). Typical Range: 305 nm (565 km). Armament: 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles (British Army AH Mk7), 4 x Sea Skua
anti‑ship missiles, 2 x Mk44/46 Stingray torpedoes or Mk11 depth charges, 7.62 mm machine guns (naval versions).
AGUSTAWESTLAND SEA KING
Multi-role maritime helicopter in widespread service with a wide range of
sensors and weapon fits. UK-built derivative of Sikorsky S-61. Westland
Sea King has uprated engines and gearbox, composite rotor blades,
improved radar and navigation system. Seats 2 crew and up to 28
passengers. Serves UK RAF and RN in shore-based SAR role. The
Commando is a RN utility/troop transport version. AEW variant developed
for UK Royal Navy with Searchwater 360° radar located in large radome
on starboard side. The latest version is the upgraded ASaCs Mk7 that
provides the Royal Navy with an airborne surveillance and control
capability as well as AEW. The Mk7 is fitted with the Thales Cerberus
Mission System with the Searchwater 2000 advanced AEW radar, an IFF,
an INS/GPS navigation system and a Link 16/JTIDS data link. Numerous export customers, especially for SAR and
transport, but still used as ASW/ASV platform by India, Pakistan and UAE. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce H 1400-1T
turboshafts each rated at 1,660 shp for take off. Gross weight: 21,400 lb (9,707 kg). Empty weight: 12,009 lb (5,447 kg).
Dimensions: Length: 54.9 ft (16.73 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.91 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (18.9 m). Performance: Cruise
speed 112 kt (207 km/h). Range: 730 nm (1,352 km). Armament: 4 x Mk 44/46, or Stingray torpedoes or depth charges; or
2 x Exocet or Sea Eagle long range anti-ship missiles; or rocket pods, cabin door-mounted machine guns.
12
AW101 MERLIN
Your solution.
As a global leader in helicopters,AgustaWestland offers you complete solutions designed specifically for you and your mission. From vertical lift
support of military and police forces to corporate and offshore transport, to the demands of disaster relief, SAR and air medical operations.
AgustaWestland tailors solutions for you.
agustawestland.com
BELL 205/UH‑1/210 IROQUOIS (HUEY)
Classic light utility helicopter in worldwide service. The latest upgrade is
the Model 210 intended for certification by the US FAA. The 210 is a UH-1H
rebuilt using all new Bell-certified parts to increase performance and
reliability and reduce cost is the goal. Bell quotes a price of around $3
million, a DOC of around $530 an hour and a useful load 630 lb higher
than that of the UH-1H. With the Honeywell T5317 engine, it offers the
power to yield up to 39% increase in IGE hover ceiling on a standard day
and over 275% increase in IGE hover ceiling on an extremely hot day over
the performance of the UH1H, says Bell. Alternative engine installations
are LHTEC’s T800, GE’s T700 and Pratt & Whitney Canada’s PT6C-67D.
Global Helicopter Technologies offers tailboom strake to increase yaw
authority. Seats pilot and 14 passengers. Standard UH-1H: Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L13B rated at 1,400
shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 9,500 lb (4,309 kg). Empty weight: 5,210 lb (2,363 kg). Dimensions: Length: 41 ft 11 in
(12.7 m). Height 11 ft 9 in (3.58 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance at 9,500 lb (4,309 kg) in ISA: Max
speed: 110 kt (204 km/h). Typical Range: 251 nm (465 km), OGE hover 1,900 ft (579 m), IGE hover 10,800 ft (3,292 m),
rate of climb at SL 1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s), VROC 240 ft/min (1.2 m/s). Armament: Pintle-mounted machine guns and
hardpoints for fixed forward firing guns, rockets and mines.
BAE SYSTEMS AND ARMOR HOLDINGS.
PROUD TO LINK FORCES.
BELL 206/OH‑58 KIOWA/TH‑67 CREEK
Light scout and training helicopter in worldwide service. OH‑58A/C Kiowa
scout being phased out of US Army by 2013, though improved OH-58D
Kiowa Warrior (see Bell 406 entry) remains in use in scout and armed
reconnaissance roles, and exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. TH‑57B/C
SeaRanger primary and instrument trainer in US Navy. 135 TH‑67 Creek
New Training Helicopters with crashworthy seats and fuel system
delivered to US Army Aviation Centre at Fort Rucker in 1993. Taiwan has
placed an order for 30 TH-67s. Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison T63‑A‑720
(250 C20J) turboshaft rated at 420 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,200
lb (1,451 kg). Payload: 1,270 lb (576 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.2 ft in
(9.5 m). Height 9.5 ft (2.91 m). Rotor diameter: 33.3 ft (10.15 m). Max
speed: 122 kt (226 km/h). Typical Range: 365 nm (676 km) OGE hover 8,800 ft (2,680 m), IGE hover 12,800 ft (3,900 m),
rate of climb at SL 1,280 ft/min (6.5 m/s). Armament: Machine guns, rockets. 2 x Stinger air‑to‑air missiles, US Army
OH‑58Cs. Machine guns and rocket pods on export variants only.
BELL 209/AH‑1S, P & F COBRA
Combat proven single-engined attack helicopter in service with US Army
Reserves, Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Republic of Korea,
Thailand and Turkey. Retired from US Army service. Upgrade packages
are on offer from integrators such as Lockheed Martin Systems
Integration Owego, IAI Tamam, Elbit and Rafael. All include modern
digital avionics, day/night sensors, new weapons and defensive aids.
Powerplant: One AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L‑703 turboshaft rated at
1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 10,000 lb (4,535 kg). Empty weight:
6,598 lb (2,993 kg). Dimensions: Length: 44.6 ft (13.59 m). Height: 13.2 ft
(4.02 m). Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 170
kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 322 nm (597 km) OGE hover 4,500 ft (1,368
m), IGE hover 12,200 ft (3,718 m), VROC 400 ft/min (2 m/s). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon, 76 x 2.75 in/70 mm
rockets, 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles. Rafael has integrated its NTD missile as part of its HELICOAT upgrade package.
BAE Systems and Armor Holdings have
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position us to better serve the men and
women of our armed forces worldwide.
We’re now leading the way in delivering
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www.baesystems.com/armorholdings
14
BELL 209/AH‑1W SUPERCOBRA
BELL AH-1Z VIPER
Twin‑engined attack helicopter developed for US Marine Corps.
SuperCobra was derived from AH-1T SeaCobra, replacing P&W PT-6 Twin
Pac with GE T700 engines, but retaining two blade main rotor and analog
cockpit. Mid-life update added Night Targeting System able to detect,
acquire, track, lock on, range and designate targets in day, night and
adverse weather conditions. Most USMC machines set for upgrade to AH1Z standard with four blade main rotor and major avionics upgrade
(described under Bell AH-1Z). Twin-engined Cobras are also operated by
the Iranian Army (AH-1J), the Turkish Land Forces (AH-1W) and the
Taiwanese Army (AH-1W). Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑401
rated at 2,032 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 14,750 lb (6,700 kg). Empty
weight: 10,300 lb (4,271 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58 ft (17.7 m). Height: 14.6 ft (4.44 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.6 m).
Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 317 nm (587 km). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon with
750 rounds, 8 x TOW or Hellfire ATM, 2.75 in/70 mm rockets, Sidewinder AAM.
Major SuperCobra upgrade in the engineering and manufacturing
development stage. 280 SuperCobra and 100 Twin Huey upgrades for
USMC. Zero-timed helicopter will have new four-bladed all-composite,
hingeless, bearingless rotor system, drive train, engine, transmissions,
hydraulics, electrical systems and tailboom. Digital mission avionics are all
new. Lockheed Martin/L3 Wescam Target Sight System includes a high
resolution FLIR, a dual field-of-view TV with zoom capability and a laser
rangefinder/designator. Pilotage FLIR will feed Thales TopOwl helmet
display. Podded Longbow radar has been proposed. The first production
aircraft rolled out in September 06. The US Navy is scheduled to receive
aircraft through 2009 when plans call for 15 to be delivered. Critical
operational evaluation phase began in May 06. Passed OPEVAL and now in Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) phase III,
though IOC has been pushed back to FY 2011. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 turboshafts. Empty weight: 12,300 lb
(5,579 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,200 lb (2,812 kg). Performance: IRP Speed 185 kt
(343 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063 m). Max Range: 398 nm (738 km).
Armament: Stubwings have two pylons each capable of carrying a four-round Hellfire or TOW launcher, 19-tube pod for 2.75
inch rockets or a single Maverick. Tip stations support AAMs such as Sidewinder. Chin turret houses 20 mm M-197 cannon.
BELL 406/OH‑58D KIOWA WARRIOR
Bell ARH-70A
Modernised scout helicopter with day/night mast‑mounted sight, glass
cockpit and four‑bladed rotor system. T703- AD-700 650 shp engine
gives enhanced hot and high performance. 382 OH‑58Ds delivered by
mid-1997 under US Army Helicopter Improvement Programme. All
eventually upgraded to Kiowa Warrior standard with weapons and
Multi‑Purpose Light Helicopter kits. Simula Cockpit Airbag System now
installed in US Army aircraft. Army now has 350 ‘58Ds, 279 of which are
slated for upgrades to enable them to operate until 2017. These include a
175 lb weight reduction, the FADEC-controlled 250 C30R3 engine with
barrier filter, improved master controller processor unit, IDM v304,
SINCGARS SIP radio, Aviation Mission Planning Station, Video Image
Cross Link (VIXL) and a data transfer cartridge. Model 406 also exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. Powerplant: RollsRoyce Allison T703‑AD‑700 (250 C30) rated at 650 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 5,500 lb (2,495 kg). Payload: 2,290 lb
(998 kg). Dimensions: Length: 34.5 ft (10.48 m). Height: 12.9 ft (3.9 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.66 m). Max speed: 130
kt (241 km/h). Typical Range: 223 nm (413 km) ROC at SL 1,540 ft/min (7.9 m/s). Armament: US Army OH‑58Ds can carry
four Stinger air-to-air missiles, a 0.50 cal machine gun with 500 rounds, 4 x Hellfire ATM, or 14 x 70 mm rockets. Model
406CS 4 x TOW ATM, 2 x 20 mm cannon pods with 360 rnds, 14 x 70 mm rockets.
Military variant of the commercial model 407 selected by the US Army for
its post-Comanche Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter Requirement, to
replace OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, using high proportion of COTS
components for lower cost and reduced risk. In July 05, Bell received a
contract worth $2.2 billion to build 368 ARHs between 2006 and 2013.
ARH can seat two pilots and three passengers. Bell is working with
Lockheed Martin to integrate the mission equipment package into the US
Army’s net-centric environment. MEP includes a chin-mounted FLIR
Systems Brite Star recce and targeting pod containing thermal imager,
colour TV camera (with fusion capability), laser rangefinder, designator
and spot tracker. Cockpit displays are based on Common Avionics
Achitecture System (CAAS) including two large colour LCD multifunction displays. Nav system includes H-76 ACE global
navigation system, MMR “Tophat” (VOR/ILS/GS/Marker Beacon) and ARN-153-V4 TACAN. Comprehensive comms and
situational awareness package. ASE fit consists of AN/APR-39B(V2) RWR, AN/AAR-47(V2) MAWS and an AN/ALE-47
countermeasures dispenser. It flew for the first time on Thursday 20 July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 925 shp Honeywell HTS
900 turboshaft. HOGE: 4,000 ft at 95°F. Endurance: 2.33 hours. Range: 362 km. Armament: GAU-19 (.50 cal) or GAU-17
(7.62mm) gatling guns; up to 38 2.75” rockets (inc APKWS laser-guided rockets), AGM-114 Hellfire missiles.
BELL 412EP/CH 146
BELL USMC UH-1Y VENOM
Twin‑engine medium support helicopter derived from model 212/Twin
Huey, but differentiated visually by four-blade main rotor. Seats 15
including two pilots. Produced by Bell Canada, IPTN in Indonesia and
Agusta in Italy. Wide opening doors to accommodate a two-ton capacity
forklift. Said to offer the highest dispatch reliability of any twin engi
ne aircraft and lowest seat mile cost in its class. Features rupture resistant
fuel cells, energy absorbing crew seats and collective mounted throttles
as standard equipment. Dual digital automatic flight control system allows
for easy integration of automatic approach to hover and automatic hover
capabilities. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada T400‑CP400
(PT6T‑3D) rated at 1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,900 lb
(5,398 kg). Empty weight: 6,350 lb (2,962 kg). Dimensions: Length: 42.4 ft (12.90 m). Height: 10.8 ft (3.3 m). Rotor
diameter: 46 ft (14 m). Performance (at maximum gross weight in ISA): Max speed: 140 kt (259 km/h). Typical Range:
338 nm (626 km), OGE hover 5,200 ft (1,585 m), IGE hover 10,200 ft (3,120 m). Armament: 12.7 mm/7.62 mm machine
guns; 70 mm rockets.
Originally planned as Twin Huey upgrade, all but the first UH-1Ys will now
use new-build airframes for speed, so that a ‘donor’ UH-1N does not have
to be taken out of service until a UH-1Y Venom is delivered. Drive train and
four-bladed, all-composite rotor system and core digital avionics identical
to those of AH-1Z, commonality that is expected to save USMC $3 billion
over 30 years. The passive self-defence suite will comprise the AN/APR39A (V)2 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR), AN/AVR-2 laser warning
receiver and the AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System (MAWS).
Active countermeasures will consist of a AN/ALQ-144 infra-red jammer
and an ALE-47 decoy dispensing system. First production aircraft rolled
out in September 06. The US Navy has awarded Bell a firm fixed-priceincentive fee contract for the FY07 low rate initial production lot of nine UH-1Y aircraft. IOC is planned for September
2008. First production UH-1Y first flew on 18 November 2006. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric GE-T700 turboshaft
engines. Empty weight: 11,565 lb (5,246 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,935 lb (3,146
kg). Performance: IRP Speed 160 kt (296 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063
m). Max range: 373 nm (691 km). Armament: LAU 68 (7-tube) or LAU-61 (19-tube) launchers for 2.75-inch rockets;
Browning type GAU-16 .50 cal machine gun, M240D 7.26 GPMG, GAU-17 7.62 mm Minigun.
16
17
BELL‑BOEING V‑22 OSPREY
7-1/2" Live
Tiltrotor aircraft being developed for USMC, USN and USAF, now in fullrate production. Combines VTOL and hover capability with fixed-wing
turboprop speed and range. Features fly-by-wire controls and extensive
use of composites and advanced manufacturing techniques.  VMX-22, the
US Marine Corps Tiltrotor Test and Evaluation Squadron, successfully
completed the MV-22 operational test and evaluation in the summer of
2005. It demonstrated over 2,600-miles range with one air-to-air
refueling. The V-22 also recorded cruise speeds of 255 knots, all the while
operating with better reliability and mission capability than the
specification thresholds. It is due for its first combat deployment to Iraq in
late 2007, amid criticism of the aircraft’s potential vulnerability and lack
of suppressive fire weapons, though BAE has tested an RGS turret solution for the V-22, which would provide 360 degree
coverage using a 3-barrel 7.62mm GAU-17 Minigun. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce Allison T406‑AD‑400 turboshafts rated
at 6,150 shp. Gross weight: VTOL, 55,000 lb (24,950 kg), STOL, 60,500 lb (27,443 kg). Empty weight: 31,818 lb (14,433
kg). Dimensions: Length: 57.33 ft (17.5 m). Height: 22.1 ft (6.7 m). Rotor diameter: 39 ft (11.9 m). Performance: Dash
speed: 300 kt (556 km/h), Combat Range: VTOL, 1,200 nm (2,224 km), STOL: 1,800 nm (3,332 km). Armament: Ramp,
door and turret guns envisioned.
BOEING AH-6/MH-6 Little Bird
8-1/8" Trim
8-1/2" Bleed
Special operations derivative of Hughes OH-6/McDonnel Douglas
Defender AH‑6/MH‑6 Mission Enhanced Little Birds equip the US Army’s
160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The AH-6J gunship and MH6J transport (carrying up to six people on platforms mounted outside the
door for quick insertion and extraction of crews) are being upgraded to a
common, reconfigurable A/MH-6M Mission-Enhanced Little Bird (MELB)
configuration. Later models have a new six-person foldaway system.
Industrial responsibility for these retained by Boeing when the rest of the
product line went to MD Helicopters. Boeing has developed an optionallymanned UAV version (pictured). Armament (AH-6): up to two 7.62 Dillon
M-134 Miniguns and two seven-shot 2.75 rocket pods; 12.7 mm (0.50 in)
machine guns, GD Mk19 40mm grenade launcher, Hellfire, and air-to-air Stinger missiles. Can be fitted with nose- or mastmounted weapon sights.
Today, combat means extreme environments.
BOEING AH‑64A APACHE
Heavy attack helicopter developed for the US Army and widely exported.
Entered US Army service in 1984. Pilotage and targeting FLIRs give day,
night and adverse weather combat capability. Pilotage FLIR imagery and
symbology fed to monocular IHADSS helmet, which can also be used to
aim the gun. Target Acquisition and Designation Sight (TADS) is primary
targeting sensor with FLIR, TV, direct view telescope, laser rangefinder &
designator. Designed for ballistic tolerance and crashworthiness. Full
protection against 12.7 mm rounds and major component protection
against 23 mm rounds. Combat proven in many places particularly
Afghanistan and Iraq, has shown itself capable of remaining in the fight
despite heavy battle damage including RPG hits.
Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 GE701C turboshafts rated 1,800 shp. Gross weight: 21,100 lb (9,570 kg). Empty
weight: 11,150 lb (5,060 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: 15.25 ft (4.64 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63
m). Performance: HOGE (IRP) 13,530 ft (4,120 m), twin engine service ceiling (IRP) 20,000 ft (6,100 m), single engine
service ceiling (IRP) 12,480 ft (3,600 m), VROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 3,240 ft/m (990 m/m). Max
speed: 197 kt (378 km/h), Max Range: 280 m (450 km). Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16
Hellfire semi-active laser guided ATGMs or 76 x 70 mm rockets.
18
Mountains, deserts, harsh terrain, unpredictable
weather and visibility. There’s only one helicopter
strong enough and tough enough to deploy forces,
firepower and equipment under such extreme
conditions; that’s Chinook. From high altitudes to
high heat, day or night, in adverse weather, Chinook
delivers what matters most—total confidence.
BOEING AH-64D APACHE LONGBOW
CHANGHE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES Z-10 ZHISHENG
US Army says that the D model Apache is 28 times more effective than the
AH-64A. Selected as the ‘combat helicopter for the future force’, it looks
set to serve for the next 30 years. Combat proven in Op Iraqi Freedom,
widely exported. Differences from A model centre on a millimetre wave fire
control radar, RF Hellfire missiles, a new NVG compatible integrated cockpit
and enhanced digital communications. New Lockheed Martin ‘Arrowhead’
pilotage and targeting now being fitted, along with electronic targeting
display. Visually distinguishable from AH-64A by enlarged forward avionics
bays and often by mast-mounted Longbow radar ‘doughnut.’ Powerplant: 2
x General Electric T700-GE701C turboshafts rated 1,890 shp (1,409 kW) or 2
x Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM 322s. Max Gross weight: with maximum
internal and external fuel 23,500 lb. Empty weight: 11,800 lb (5,352 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: to top
of radome 16.25 ft (3.59 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance: HOGE (MRP, standard day) 10,100 ft (3,075 m),
HIGE (MRP, standard day) 14,300 ft (4,360 m), VROC (MRP) 1,660 ft/m (505 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m),
cruise speed (MCP) 143 kt (265 km/h), design limit speed 197 kt (365 km/h). Max Range: on internal fuel 260 m (481 km).
Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun® cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16 laser or mmW radar Hellfire ATMs, 4 Stinger or Starstreak airto-air missiles or 76 x 70 mm rockets. Will be a major platform for new Joint Common Missile.
Tandem two-seat attack helicopter under development for the People’s
Liberation Army by Changhe Aircraft industries and the China Helicopter
Research and Development Institute. Its general appearance and engine
ratings suggest an aircraft a little larger and more powerful than a Tiger.
The ‘diamond’ fuselage cross section and blending of the stub wing roots
into the fuselage suggest efforts to reduce the radar cross section, but
the rotor head is exposed and the landing gear is fixed, both features that
will produce strong radar returns. In one shot inside a hangar the engine
exhausts feature upturned outlets to mix hot gases with rotor wash,
reducing the IR signature, but in airborne photos the exit appears to be to
the side. Turrets that appear to be pilotage and targeting sensors are
mounted on the nose, Apache style. The main rotor has five blades while the tail rotor, mounted scissor style on the right
hand side of the vertical stabiliser. The horizontal stabiliser is symmetrical while the lower fin also carries the tail wheel.
The slightly forward swept stub wings appear to have two hard points each underneath for large loads and one on each
tip, possibly for EW equipment. Powerplant: Two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67Cs rated at 1,531 shp (1,134 kW) each.
Armament: Long-barrelled cannon in a chin turret looks beefy enough to be a 30 mm weapon. Some airborne photos
show eight slim, tubed missiles, while a hangar shot shows larger, Hellfire-like weapons, probably HJ-10s.
BOEING CH-47F/MH-47G DENEL AVIATION AH-2 ROOIVALK
The latest US Army Chinook is the CH-47F Improved Cargo Helicopter,
mainly remanufactured from earlier models, adding improved avionics,
vibration reduction, and T55-GA-714A engines. These will improve
performance (especially ‘hot and high’), will enhance lift performance by
approximately 3,900 lbs and will reduce operational and support costs to
below those of the CH-47D while providing another 20 years of service.
Seats two cockpit crew and 33 troops or 24 litters. The US Army will
convert its entire fleet of 397 CH-47D Chinooks to CH-47F standards, and
will also procure at least 55 additional new-build CH-47Fs. The first
production CH-47F rolled out in June 2006. The MH-47G Service Life
Extension Program is the special operations version, with AAR capability,
extra internal fuel, additional surveillance sensors, and defensive/survivability equipment, a dual embedded Global
Positioning System, and various advanced datalinks. Some 61 MH-47Gs will replace Task Force 160’s 34 MH-47D and E
models. The first was redelivered to the Night Stalkers in May 2004 and about 30 are now in service. Powerplant: 2 x
4,868 shp Honeywell T55-GA-714A engines. Max gross weight: 50,000 lb. Payload:(CH-47F) 21,000 lb. Performance at
50,000 lb: SL cruise: 143 kt, Rate of climb: 1,522 ft/min, Range: SL and ISA, 230 nm. Boeing claims a mission radius
greater than 400 nm for CH-47F with Robertson extended range fuel tank.
Tandem-seat attack helicopter developed by South Africa’s Denel Aviation
for the SAAF, using Puma dynamics. 12 aircraft delivered, equipping No.16
squadron. Optimised for NOE operation, by day and night and in bad
weather. Low crew workload is claimed thanks to its flying qualities, glass
cockpits with automation, helmet-mounted sight and display system, and
low vibration. Designed to perform its mission at 8,000 ft density altitude.
Engines provide increased OEI capabilities, and include intake air filters
and infra-red suppressors as standard. Optimised for low maintenance
and minimum infrastructure. Production complete and development
abandoned after failure to win Turkish order. No further orders reported
or likely. Production line turned over to A109 LUH. Powerplant: 2 x
Turbomeca Makila 1K2 turboshafts developing 2,243 kW take-off rating. OEI 30 sec super contingency rating 1,573 kW.
Max take-off weight: 8,750 kg. Performance: Cruise speed (anti-tank configuration): 140 kt (259 km/h). Max sideways
speed: 50 kt. Max range (internal fuel): 380 nm (703 km), (external fuel): 680 nm (1,260 km). Max hover ceiling: OGE:
17,900 ft, IGE: 19,200 ft. Excess hover power margin: +39% (OGE - sea level). Armament: Articulated, dual-feed 20 mm
cannon. Up to 16 Mokopa missiles. Ability to fire Hellfire and HOT. Up to 76 rockets of 70 mm calibre (FZ 90). Up to 4
Mistral AAMs on the two outboard stations.
BOEING CH‑47SD (Super D) CHINOOK
ENSTROM F28F and 280FX
Produced for various military and civilian configurations for the US Army
and widely exported. More than 600 are in service around the world.
Launched CH-47SD (Super D) configuration for international customers in
1998 incorporating several advanced systems to improve reliability and
economy, including an advanced digital cockpit. New cockpit features full
colour multifunction displays and electronic flight instruments. Benefits
include reduced workloads for aircrew and maintenance personnel and
the flexibility to incorporate future technology improvements. Upgraded
RNLAF Chinooks are the first to incorporate a similar new advanced
cockpit. Powerplant: 2 x AlliedSignal Lycoming T55--GA-714A turboshafts
rated at 4,075 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 54,000 lb (24,493 kg).
Empty weight: 25,463 lb (11,549 kg). Useful load: 28,537 lb (12,943 kg). External Dimensions: Length: 52 ft (15.9 m).
Height: 18.7 ft (5.68 m). Rotor diameter: 60 ft (18.29 m). Internal Dimensions: Length: 30 ft (9.1 m). Width: 7.5 ft (2.3
m). Height: 6.5 ft (1.9 m). Performance: Vmcp: 155 kt (287 km/h). Range, SL and ISA: 252 nm (1,208 km). HIGE: 9,307 ft
(2,837 m). HOGE: 5,492 ft (1,674 m). Armament: Door and ramp-mounted machine guns of various types are often fitted,
some with laser aiming devices.
The F28F and 280FX are light observation and training helicopters in
service with the Colombian Air Force plus the Chilean and Peruvian
armies. Powered by turbo-charged piston engines, these two-seat
machines are designed to provide a combination of high performance and
low operating costs. A standard throttle correlator helps to provide
positive training transfer to larger, more complex, turbine-engined
helicopters.Powerplant: Single AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-F1AD 4-cyl,
air cooled, turbocharged piston engine rated at 225 hp. Gross weight:
2,600 lb (1,179.36 kg). Empty weight: 1,570 lb (712.15 kg). Dimensions:
Length: 29.3 ft (8.93 m). Rotor diameter: 32 ft (9.75 m ). Height: 9 ft
(2.743 m). Performance: Vne 102 kt (188.9 kph), service ceiling 12,000 ft
(3,657 m), OGE hover ceiling 8,700 ft (2,651 m). Range: 300 statute miles (482.8 km). Armament: None.
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EUROCOPTER SA 330 PUMA
Battlefield utility helicopter originally built for French Army, French Air
Force and RAF, now in service with around 34 countries. No longer built or
marketed by Eurocopter, Puma is built in Romania by IAR as the IAR
330L. Romanian SOCAT is an upgraded Puma with a state-of-the-art
attack helicopter mission system from Elbit in Israel. Denel’s Oryx is
another upgraded Puma developed for the South African Air Force and
offered internationally as a utility machine or a gunship. Oryx has Topaz
engines optimised for hot, high and dusty conditions. Seats two crew and
up to 21 troops. RAF considering upgrade to ‘Puma Gold’ or HC.Mk 2
standard to extend life beyond 2017. Original AS330: Powerplant: 2 x
Turbomeca Turmo turboshafts of various marks. Max gross weight:
16,325 lb (7,400 kg). Empty weight: 7,970 lb (3,615 kg). Length: 59.65 ft (18.22 m). Height: 14.9 ft (4.54 m). Rotor
diameter: 49.74 ft (15.08 m). Performance at 7,400 kg in ISA: Max speed: 142 kt (263 kph). HOGE: 5,580 ft (2,300 m).
HIGE: 7,545 ft (2,300 m). Armament: Machine guns, turreted cannon on SOCAT Puma, rockets, ATGMS.
EUROCOPTER AS 532 COUGAR
UE is the basic version with a long fuselage, marketed for tactical
transport and logistical support missions. SC is the navalized version
intended for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. UC is the short
utility version for tactical transport and external load carrying. AC and AL
are armed versions which can be equipped with pod-mounted cannons,
rocket launchers and side firing cannon. UL is the medium tonnage
tactical transport. The first of 12 AS 532 AL Cougars was handed over to
the Bulgarian Air Force in August 06, part of a deal worth €360 million
also involving 6 AS565MB Panthers, improving the Bulgarian Air Force’s
interoperability with its NATO partners. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca
Makila 1A1 turboshafts rated at 1,819 shp for take-off. Gross weight:
19,840 lb (9,000 kg), Empty weight: ranging from UC 9,622 lb (4,365 kg) to SC 10,048 lb (4,558 kg). Sling load: 9,920 lb
(4,500 kg). Dimensions: Length: short versions 50.95 ft (15.53 m), long versions 53.44 ft (16.29 m). Height: 16.14 ft (4.92
m). Rotor diameter: 51.18 ft (15.6 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed: ranging from SC 233 kph (126 kt) to UC/AC/UL/AL
258 km/h (139 kt).Armament: Machine guns, cannon and rockets, Exocet anti-ship missiles, radar, torpedoes.
EUROCOPTER AS 550 C3 FENNEC
Light, seven-seat, single-turbine helicopter derived from the AS 350 B3,
but with reinforcement for installation of weapon stub wings built in at
manufacture. Originally designed for observation missions, commando
transport and sling load operations, it can be converted into a gunship.
Operated as anti-tank aircraft with HeliTOW system by Denmark, as a
basic trainer by the UK (using the civilian Squirrel name) and in a variety
of roles by many other nations. Saudi Arabia ordered some 32 Fennecs
during 2006. Extensive use of composites in cabin structure, Starflex
rotor head and blades. Powerplant: Turbomeca Arriel 2B developing 847
shp and fitted with FADEC. Max weight: 4,960 lb (2,250 kg), 6,172 lb
(2,800 kg) with external load. Fast Cruise: 136 kt (253 km/h) Range: at
max weight 350 nm (648 km). Armament: Can carry 20 mm cannon, rockets or machine guns. Anti-tank configuration
equipped with TOW missiles and Helitow sighting system, or Rafael Spike ER fibre-optic guided missiles.
22
EUROCOPTER AS555 FENNEC 2
Twin-engined version of the Fennec. AS555UN is the utility machine
intended for recce/observation missions, used by French forces for IFR
training, good hot and high performance from Turbomeca Arrius engines.
AS555AN is the armed version qualified to fire cannon, rockets and
machine guns. UN and AN can carry a pilot and up to 5 troops or a 2,500
lb (1,134 kg) sling load. AS555MN is the basic naval version for maritime
surveillance and over-the-horizon targeting for warships. AS 555SN is the
maritime variant ordered for the Royal Malaysian Navy (6) in 2001 for
training and surveillance/OTHT roles. MN and SN can take a pilot and up
to 3 troops or the same sling load as the UN/AN variants. Powerplant: 2 x
Turbomeca Arrius TM319 1A1 turboshafts with a super contingency rating
of 520 shp (388 kW). Gross weight: 5,600 lb (2,540 kg) or 5,732 lb (2,600 kg) with external load. Dimensions: Length:
35.8 ft (10.93 m). Height: 10.96 ft (3.34 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.69 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed at max gross
weight 118 kt (220 km/h), max range with max gross weight take-off 386 nm (715 km). Armament: Pod or pintle mounted
machine guns, 20 mm cannon, rockets, TOW anti‑tank missiles, ASW torpedo.
EUROCOPTER AS565 PANTHER
Intermediate-sized turbine-powered twin derived from civil Dauphin. The
UB version is for light tactical transport and casualty-carrying missions.
The SB is an armed navalized version for anti-surface vessel attack antisubmarine warfare, or SAR. Features a four-bladed Starflex composite
rotor head, composite main rotor blades and a Fenestron fan-in-fin antitorque and yaw control system. Saudi Arabia ordered four for CSAR
duties during 2006. The EC155/AS 565 Panther forms the basis of the
Korean Helicopter Program (KHP) utility helicopter, 245 of which are due
to be built from 2011.
Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arriel 2C turboshafts developing 977 shp.
Gross weight: 9,480 lb (4,300 kg). Empty weight: 5,082 lb (2,305 kg).
Dimensions: Length: 39.73 ft (12.11 m). Height: 13.02 ft (3.97 m). Rotor diameter: 39.17 ft (11.94 m).
Performance: Max speed: 148 kt, Range: 440 nm (814 km). Armament: Battlefield – podded 20 mm cannon, rockets and
machine guns. ASW – 2 torpedoes & MAD or 1 torpedo & dipping sonar, ASV versions 4 ‑AS15TT missiles & Agrion radar.
UNRIVALLED PROTECTION
Wallop Defence Systems is the world's foremost producer of MTV Infra-Red Decoy Flares,
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manufacture of countermeasure products for military application.
EUROCOPTER EC 120
New generation light single-engined turbine powered helicopter marketed
for training, observation and utility missions. High performance, low
maintenance costs and low noise are selling points. Features three-bladed
Spheriflex fully articulated main rotor and new quiet Fenestron antitorque system. Good lead-in trainer for larger modern types. Seats five.
Now in service with the Spanish armed forces as a basic trainer. The first
of 10 EC120 Light Sign Cutters ordered by the US Customs and Border
Protection (CBP) service was delivered in July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 504
shp (376 kW) Turbomeca Arrius 2F turboshaft. Gross weight: 3,750 lb
(1,700 kg). Empty weight: 1,929 lb (875 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.5 ft
(9.6 m). Rotor diameter: 32.81 ft (10 m). Performance: Max cruise
speed: 124 kt (230 kph). Typical Range: 395 nm (732 km). Armament: None publicised so far.
Wallop Defence Systems Ltd , Hampshire, United Kingdom
www.wallopdefence.com [email protected]
Esterline Defense Group , Corporate Headquarters, California, USA
www.armtecdefense.com [email protected]
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EUROCOPTER EC 635
EUROCOPTER UH-72A LAKOTA
Light utility variant of the EC135 light twin. A mock-up, with a full weapons
fit, was shown for the first time at Eurosatory ’98. Advanced systems
include the composite flex-beam FVW rotor head with four composite
blades and the ‘quiet’ Fenestron with unequally spaced blades and sound
attenuation chambers in the fin. Accommodates one pilot and seven or
eight soldiers or two pilots and six or seven soldiers. Avionics options
include a Thales Meghas glass cockpit or conventional electromechanical
instrument displays, with EW suite. The German Army Aviation School at
Buckeburg has been operating 14 EC635s since 2000 and logged its
30,000th hour on them in August 2006. The Royal Jordanian Air Force
(RJAF) ordered four in January, enlarging its operational fleet of EC635s.
Switzerland ordered 20 in April 06, 18 EC635 for utility and advanced training missions and two civil EC135s for VIP/
parliamentarian transport missions. The first of these flew for the first time on 23 May 2007. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca
Arrius 2B1 at 750 shp or 2 x Pratt & Whitney at 732 shp. Gross weight: 6,250 lb (2,835 kg). Sling load capacity: 3,000 lb
(1,360 kg) Length: 33.5 ft (10.20 m). Height: 11.9 ft (3.62 m). Rotor diameter: 33.5 ft (10.2 m). Max speed: 138 kt (256 km/
h). Range: 365 nm (675 km). Armament: Proposed with full weapon system capability. Weapons tested in 2001 include FN
HMP400 gun pod, GIAT NC 621 20 mm cannon and 12-shot 70 mm rocket launcher.
Militarised version of the civil/parapublic EC-145 selected to meet the US
Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement, aimed at replacing most US
Army UH-1s and OH-58A/Cs. Produced and supported by a team consisting
of Eurocopter, Sikorsky (contractor logistics support), WestWind
Technologies (rapid systems integration) and CAE (simulation and training)
the UH-72A will be acquired as a Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS)/NonDevelopmental Item (NDI) aircraft that is already Federal Aviation Agency
(FAA) Type Standard Certified. The aircraft is expected to enter service by
30 October 2008. EC-145 is a substantially upgraded variant of the proven
BK-117 family. It features the semi-rigid ‘System Bolkow’ rotor derived from
the Bo-105. Can seat two pilots and up to eight passengers (although
parapublic version shows six crashworthy troop seats). Clamshell doors and high tail rotor allow loading from rear of cabin
as well as via large sliding doors on both sides. Airframe, systems and seating meet the latest civil crashworthiness
standards. . Powerplant: 2 x 738 shp (take-off) Turbomeca ARRIEL 1E2 turboshafts. Maximum speed (Vne) at SL: 145 kt.
Hover ceiling IGE: 11,300 ft. Hover ceiling: OGE 9,000 ft. Range at SL: 370 nm. Maximum take-off weight: 7,903 lb.
Maximum weight with external load: 7,903 lb. Useful load: 3,953 lb. Length (rotor rotating): 42.7 ft. Fuselage length:
33.4 ft. Height: 11.3 ft. Fuselage width: 5.7 ft. Main rotor diameter: 36.1 ft. Tail rotor diameter: 6.4 ft.
EUROCOPTER EC655 TIGER
EUROMIL MI-38
Attack helicopter developed for French and German armies and also
selected by Spain and Australia. All-composite airframe and rotors, NVGcompatible glass cockpit with colour screens, FADEC-controlled engines
with IR suppressors. The German multi-role UHT features the Osiris mastmounted sight with 2nd generation thermal imager, TV camera and laser
rangefinder. France’s HAD variant features the Stryx roof-mounted sight
with thermal imager, TV camera, direct view telescope and laser
rangefinder. Engine and weapon system upgrades turned the HAP into the
HAD with a higher gross weight. The first serial UH Tiger was handed over
to the German Army on April 6, 2005. So far, four countries have ordered a
total of 206 Tigers, and by June 2006, 28 production Tigers were flying.
Powerplant: 2 x MTU/Turbomeca/Rolls‑Royce MTR 390 turboshafts rated at 1,284 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,687
lb‑12,789 lb (5,300 kg‑5,800 kg). Alternative gross weight: 6,000 kg (13,250 lb). Empty weight: 7,275 lb (3,300 kg).
Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 51.89 ft (15.82 m). Height: (tail rotor turning) 14.17 ft (4.32 m). Rotor diameter: 42.64
ft (13 m). Performance: Max speed: 140 kt (260 km/h), mission endurance 2 hr 50 min. Armament: Typical anti‑tank load: 2
x 4 TRIGAT LR or Hellfire anti‑tank missiles, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles. Typical escort/combat support load: 30 mm turret‑mounted
cannon, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles, 2 x 22 rockets. Typical multi-role load: 4 x ATGMs, 22 rockets, podded 12.7 mm gun, 2 AAMs.
New, EH-101-sized medium twin developed to meet both Russian and
Western (FAR-29 and JAR-29) certification standards as well as military
requirements. Conventional pod-and-boom configuration similar to a
scaled down Mil Mi-26. Fuselage features rear ramp. Single main rotor has
six composite blades with varied twist and swept tips. Titanium rotor head
has elastomeric bearings. Two twin-blade tail rotors on same shaft in
scissors configuration. New turboshaft engines developed by Pratt &
Whitney Canada for Western versions, and modern glass cockpit. Euromil
consists of Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, Kazan Helicopters and
Eurocopter. First flew on 22 December 2003. Powerplant: 2 x 2,500 shp
(1,863 kW) Klimov TVA-3000 or Pratt & Whitney Russia (a P&WC affiliate)
PW-127 TS turboshafts. Gross weight: 15,600 kg (34,392 lb). Max internal load: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb). Max external load:
7,000 kg (15,432 lb). Max/cruise speeds at max gross weight: 275/250 kph (148/135 kt). Hover ceiling: 2,800 m (8,203
ft). Service ceiling: 5,100 m (16,732 ft). Range: 1,300 km (701 nm). Main rotor diameter: 21.1 m (69 ft 2.75 in). Tail rotor
diameter: 3.84 m (12 ft 7.25 in). Length (rotors turning): 25.2 m (82 ft 8 in). Fuselage length: 19.95 m (65 ft 5.5 in).
Width: 3.17 m (10 ft 4.75 in). Max cabin width: 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in). Max cabin length: 10.7 m (35 ft 1.25 in).
EUROCOPTER EC 725
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD ADVANCED LIGHT HELICOPTER (ALH)
Substantially upgraded Cougar Mk 2 (originally referred to as the Mk 2+)
with the five-bladed Spheriflex main rotor hub from the NH90 and new
blades with a composite spar and parabolic blade tips with an anhedral
profile. More powerful engines drive a new main gearbox with 30-minute
run-dry capability. Flew for the first time in November 2000. Avionics
centre on a new Integrated Flight and Display System (IFDS) and a fouraxis autopilot. French Air Force has ordered CSAR versions with in-flight
refuelling, gun and rocket pods, electro-optical pod. Minimum VFR crew is
one pilot, two for IFR. Cabin seats one chief of stick plus 28 troops.
Accommodates up to 12 stretchers and four seats in casevac role. Civilian
equivalent is the EC 225. The French Air Force is the launch customer and
will ultimately operate six of them for CSAR missions. The French Army will acquire eight for its Special Operations
Squadron. Powerplant: 2 x 1,800 kW (2,413 shp) - emergency rating - Turbomeca Makila 2A turboshafts. Dimensions:
Length: 55.08 ft (18.79 m). Rotor diameter: 53.14 ft (16.2 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.97 m). MTOW with internal payload 11,000
kg (24,265 lb). MTOW with external payload 11,200 kg (24,691 lb). Fast cruise speed [at 9,750 kg (21,495 lb) at 3,000 ft in
ISA +20°C] 160 kt. Max range at MTOW: 783 nm. Armament: Can be fitted with podded 20 mm guns, 68 mm rocket
launchers as well as cabin-mounted machine guns.
Multi‑role helicopter developed for India’s Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast
Guard with technical support from Eurocopter Deutschland. Hingeless
four-blade FEL (Fibre ELastomer) composite main rotor design based on
similar to that of Eurocopter Tiger. Now in service in small numbers with
each service. Airframe and rotors largely composite, crashworthy seats,
sliding side doors and large rear clamshell doors, cockpit NVG compatible.
Army and Air Force versions have skid landing gear. Naval and civil ALH
have tricycle retractable undercarriage. Naval aircraft has DRDOdeveloped SV2000 radar, indigenous sonar and FLIR. Blade folding fitted
to naval variant. The up-engined, weaponised Dhruv first flew on 16
August 2007. Powerplant: 2 x 1,000 shp Turbomeca TM 333 turboshaft
engines, later examples will have Turbomeca Ardiden engines rated at 1,200 shp (900 kW) Gross weight: 12,125 lb (5,590
kg). Empty weight: 5,511 lb (2,500 kg). Dimensions: Main rotor diameter: 43.3 ft (13.2 m). Tail rotor diameter: 8.3 ft
(2.55 m). Length: (rotors turning) 52 ft (15.87 m). Height: 16.11 ft (4.91 m). Performance: Cruise speed 155 mph (250 km/
h), max continuous speed 174 mph (280 km/h), Vne 189 mph (305 km/h). Range: with 20 min reserve 558.9 miles (900
km), endurance with 20 min reserve 4.20 hrs. Armament: 20 mm turreted gun, 4 x ATGMs, 2 x 68 mm rocket pods, 2 x
AAMs, land mines, naval version could carry 2 x homing torpedoes or 2 x depth charges or up to 4 x anti‑ship missiles.
26
27
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHEETAH/LANCER
KAMOV KA‑27/28/29/31 HELIX
Indian licence-built version of Aerospatiale’s SA-315B Lama specially
developed for high altitude operations; still holds world record for highest
altitude (12,442 m) for any class of helicopter. Seating for pilot and 4
passengers. Used in high altitude observation, rescue and close air
support roles. Lancer is a light attack version with composite armour
protection for crew seats, control linkages and fuel tank. Upgraded
version with Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetal and offers much
greater high altitude performance. Powerplant: Turbomeca Artouste IIIB
(also made by HAL). Gross weight: 4,300 lb (1,950 kg), Empty weight:
2,425 lb (1,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.62 ft (10.236 m), Height: 10.15
ft (3.090 m). Rotor diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02m). Performance: Max speed:
117 kt (210 kph). Range: (302.3 nm) 560 km.Armament: 2 x pintle-mounted Light Machine Guns or two jettisonable gun/
rocket pods each carrying a 12.7 mm gun and three 70 mm rockets on Lancer version.
Heavy maritime helicopter has coaxial rotor system and no tail rotor.
Entered in service in 1981. Helicopter has ASW role, crew of 3, powerful
radar, dipping sonar, sonobuoys, magnetic detector. KA-27PS (HELIX-D) is
equipped for SAR with ‘Osminog’ radar beacon receiver, search radio
compass, life-rafts and medical equipment. KA-28 is export ASW version.
Ka-29 is assault transport. KA-31 is airborne warning and control radar
helicopter. Optional equipment: emergency floats, 300 kg hoist, external
sling 5,000 kg. External sling up to 7,000 kg and larger volume cabin are
under development. Aircraft and all modifications exported to at least 16
countries including India, Serbia, the Republic of Korea and the People’s
Republic of China. Crew: 3. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA
turboshaft rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Take-off weight: 11,000 kg. Dimensions: Length (with folded blades) 12.25m.
Height 5.45 m. Rotors diameter 15.9 m. Performance: Vmax 270 km/h. HOGE: 3,700 m. Range: 700 km (KA-28 - 1240).
Armament: 1 x homing torpedo, 1 x torpedo rocket, 10 x PLAB 250-120 bombs, 2 x OMAB bombs claimed.
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHETAK
KAMOV KA-50 BLACK SHARK
Indian licence‑built version of Aerospatiale’s dated but reliable SA 316B
Alouette III. Seating for pilot and 6 passengers. Used in the training and
light observation naval and close air support roles. Upgraded version with
Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetan and offers much greater high
altitude performance. Powerplant: Artouste III B (also manufactured by
HAL). Gross weight: 4,850 lb (2,200 kg). Empty weight: 2,712 lb (1,230
kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.4 ft (10.17 m). Height: 9.8 ft (3.09 m). Rotor
diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02 m). Performance: Max speed: 117 kt (210 km/h).
Range: 257.5 nm (477 km). Armament: 2 x Mk 46 torpedoes or 1 x
torpedo and MAD; 2 x light machine guns; AS11 or AS12 air‑to‑surface
missiles.
Single-seat attack helicopter in service with Russian Army. Coaxial rotor
system. No tail rotor. Armoured cockpit is able to withstand a hit from a
23 mm shell; pilot ejection system (with rotor blade jettison) effective
even at very low altitude and maximum speed; all-weather, day and night
targeting and control system and weaponry enable accurate target
engagement at ranges up to 10 km; equipped with downlink to provide
information from the battlefield; unique manoeuvrability and operating
characteristics due to the contra-rotating rotor system. Previously known
as ‘Werewolf’ or by NATO code name ‘Hokum’. Combat tested in Chechnya
by Russian Army in 2002. Expected to be ordered in small numbers for
Special Forces support. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft
rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Normal take-off weight: 9,800 kg. Max take-off weight: 10,800 kg. Empty weight: 6,692
kg. Max useful load: 2,560 kg. Dimensions: Length: 13.5 m. Length (with rotor turning): 15.9 m. Main rotor diameter:
14.5 m. Height: 4.9 m. Performance: Vmax 310 km/h; HOGE 4,400 m. ROC (at 2,500m) 9.5 m/sec. Cruise speed: 270
km/h. Diving speed: 390 km/h. G-load: 3.5. Range: 545 km. Armament: 12 x Vikhr supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m
range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds, 4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets
or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS.
KAMAN SH‑2G SUPER SEASPRITE
KAMOV KA-52 ALLIGATOR
Upgraded version of SH-2F Seasprite. Features Kaman’s patented servo
flap main rotor control system. International versions of the aircraft
include the AQS-18(A) equipped SH-2G(E) operated by Egypt. The
Australian Super Seasprite is a rebuilt and extensively modernised ex-USN
aircraft, and features the Penguin Missile system and an advanced
Integrated Tactical Avionics System. Radar, FLIR, ESM and acoustic data
processor. Running six years late, the programme was saved in 2007 when
a further 29 month upgrade was commissioned. The new-build Royal New
Zealand Navy SH-2G emphasises Anti-Surface Warfare and employs the
Maverick missile system. Both aircraft will use the APS-143 Radar as the
primary targeting and navigation sensor. Four operated by the Polish Navy
transferred to Poland with Perry Class frigates and on offer to Romania with a proposed integrated mission system from
BAE Systems. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401 turboshafts rated at 1,723 shp. Gross weight: 14,200 lb (6,441
kg). Crew: 1 pilot, 1 TACCO/co-pilot, 1 sonar operator (optional), up to 8 fully armed troops. Useful load: 5,070 lb (2,296 kg).
External hook capacity: 4,000 lb (1,814 kg). Dimensions: Length: 52.5 ft (16 m). Height: 13.38 ft (4.14 m). Rotor diameter:
44.0 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 150 kt (278 km/h). IGE Hover: 17,600 ft (5,364 m). Max Range: 540 nm (621
km). Endurance: 5.3 hours. Armament: 2 x Mk46 ASW torpedoes or 2 x Mk50 ALWT, 2 x 7.62 mm door guns.
Multi-purpose all-weather day and night combat helicopter, designated for
the battle management coordination and target acquisition for other
helicopters over a battlefield, air-to-air, air-to-surface, reconnaissance and
radio jamming missions. Airframe is similar to KA-50 except two-seat (side
by side) cockpit. Coaxial rotor system. No tail rotor. The KA-52 carried the
same type of weapons and combat survivability systems as the KA-50,
including Zvezda K-37 ejection system allowing both pilots to eject
simultaneously. Kamov says that the avionics suite consists of a
multiplexed , multi-level digital computer based system with large storage
capacity and hight speed. Observation, search and targeting systems
include optical, TV, laser, IR and radar equipment and a helmet-mounted
display. Erdogan was a tandem-seat joint Russian/Israeli development using IAI Lahav avionics and other Israeli weapon
systems, originally aimed at Turkish AH requirement, now marketed more widely. Main technical specifications similar to
KA-50 except. Take-off weight: 10,400 kg. Length: 13.5m. HOGE: 4,000 m. ROC 8.0 m/sec. Armament: 12 x Vikhr
supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds,
4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS. All except the gun, which is
mounted on the right hand side of the fuselage, are carried on six stub-wing-mounted pylons, as per the Ka-50.
28
29
KAMOV KA-60 KASATKA
MD HELICOPTERS MD 500E/530F/520N DEFENDER
6.5 tonne, 16 place utility and tactical transport helicopter that makes use
of state-of-the-art technologies and materials including composites in the
fuselage and rotor systems and modular, FADEC-controlled engines. First
flew 10 December 1998, intended as Mi-8 replacement for Russian air
forces, Army Aviation, Border Police and other agencies. Only eight in
service with Russian air forces. The four composite main rotor blades are
attached to the hub by torsion bars. Fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor has 11
blades. Duplication and separation of main systems, rotor controls that
can take 12.7 mm hits and low signatures enhance survivability. Fuel tanks
are filled with explosion suppressing foam. Crew and troop seats are
crashworthy, as is wheeled landing gear. Pilot in command sits on right.
Basic avionics suite allows day and night IFR flight. Ka-60K naval and Ka-60R recon versions planned. MTOW: 6,500 kg.
Max internal load: 2,000 kg. Max external load: 2,750 kg. Main rotor diameter: 13.8 m. Tail rotor diameter: 1.4 m.
Overall length, rotors turning: 15.6 m. Fuselage length: 13.47 m. Overall height: 5.05 m. Cabin dimensions: 3.4 m L x
1.3 m H x 1.78 m W. Max speed: 300 kph. Max cruise: 265 kph. Hover ceiling: 2,000 m. Service ceiling: 5,000 m. Range:
720 km on internal fuel. Powerplant: 2 x 1,300 shp Rybinsk RD 600 turboshafts. RR Turbomeca RTM 322 and GE T700
offered for export variants.
Light scout/attack helicopter derived from the Hughes OH‑6A Cayuse and
in widespread service. MD500E with Rolls-Royce Allison 250 C20B engine
and MD530F with C30 engine. NOTAR system standard on MD520N, some
others have ‘quiet’ tail rotors. MD530F: Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison
250 C30 turboshaft rated at 425 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,100 lb
(1,406 kg). Empty weight: 1,591 lb (722 kg). Dimensions: Length: 32.6 ft
(9.93 m). Height: 9.8 ft (2.98 m). Rotor diameter: 27.4 ft (8.34 m).
Performance: Max speed: 152 kt (281 km/h), hover ceiling OGE (ISA)
16,000 ft (4,877 m), ROC 2,069 ft/m (10.5 m/sec), service ceiling 18,700 ft
(5,700 m). Range: (sea level) 206 nm (381 km). Armament: (AH-6) two
7.62mm mini-guns; two seven-shot 2.75-inch rocket pods mounted on a
custom-built unitary mounting system; .50 calibre machine guns; and Hellfire missiles. Some of these aircraft have been
fitted with nose-mounted sights for special direct action missions.
KAWASAKI OH-1 ‘NINJA’
MD HELICOPTERS 600N
Tandem, two-seat armed reconnaissance helicopter for Japan Ground
Self Defence Force to replace OH-6D. Longer, but smaller and lighter than
AW‘s A129 Mangusta, XOH-1 (OH-X) prototype first flew in August 1996,
mock-up first revealed in September 1994. Small stub wings have one
pylon each for two pairs of air-to-air missiles. Four-blade, bearingless
main rotor with composite blades, composite fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor
with eight unevenly spaced blades. Undercarriage fixed. Roof-mounted
sight houses IR camera, TV camera, laser rangefinder. IR jammer and
RWR shown on some prototypes. Ballistic tolerance, crashworthy seating
and wire cutters are all featured. Japan’s Technical Research and
Development Institute has awarded contracts worth around 80 billion yen
to prime contractor Kawasaki, which has 60% of the programme, Fuji (20%) and Mitsubishi (20%). Known in Japan as
Shin-Kogata Kansoku (meaning new small observation helicopter), where some 180-200 aircraft are required to replace
297 OH-6Ds, and where four aircraft have now entered service. Powerplant: 2 x 950 shp Mitsubishi MG-5 turboshafts.
Gross weight: 3,500 to 4,000 kg. Empty weight: 2,500 kg. Rotor diameter: 11.6 m. Length: 13.4 m. Height: 3.8 m. Max
level speed: about 260 kph (140 kt). Combat radius: about 200 km (108 nm). Range: about 550 km (297 nm).Armament:
Four Toshiba Type 91 light air-to-air missiles admitted to, podded guns, rockets, ATGMS likely, turret gun possible.
Stretched MD520N with space for eight passenger seats, eight main rotor
blades instead of seven, a higher gross weight and a more powerful
engine that provides good hot and high performance and a high cruising
speed. The 600N uses the NOTAR anti-torque system that improves
safety and resistance to battle damage. Lack of hydraulics eases
maintenance. Needs stability augmentation system to reduce pilot
workload. Rotor diameter: 27.5 ft (8.4 m). Fuselage length: 30.5 ft (9.3
m). Overall length: 36.9 ft. Powerplant:1 x 808 shp (derated to 600 shp
for take-off, 530 shp max continuous) Rolls-Royce (Allison) 250-C47
turboshaft. Empty weight: 2,100 lb (952.5 kg). Max take-off weight:
4,100 lb (1,860 kg) or 4,700 lb (2,132 kg) with hook load. Useful load:
2,000 lb (907 kg) or 2,600 lb (1,179 kg) with hook load. Cabin length: 10.5 ft (3.2 m). Cabin width: 4.6 ft (1.4 m). Cabin
height: 5 ft (1.52 m). HIGE: 11,100 ft (3,383 m). HOGE: 6,000 ft (1,828 m). Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) at 4,100 lb.
Range: 380 nm (704 km).Armament: Options based on those offered for Little Birds and Combat Explorer.
KAZAN HELICOPTERS ANSAT
MD HELICOPTERS COMBAT EXPLORER
A light multi-purpose twin engine helicopter able to carry up to 6 fully
equipped troops. Will be utilised in combat SAR, a ground-support
gunship and command and control platform. Now engaged in its flight
test programme, having flown for the first time on 17 August 1999, the
Ansat was designed to meet FAR-29 standards and scheduled to receive
Russian certification in the second half of 2002. Ansat is the first
production light helicopter with fly-by-wire controls. Dual control Ansat
UT selected in late-2001 by the Russian defence ministry as the new basic
trainer for the armed forces, numbers and delivery schedules not
specified. A narrow fuselage tandem two-seat Ansat 2RT reconnaissance
version was shown in mock-up form at MAKS 2001 airshow in Moscow.
Rotor Diameter: 37.74 ft (11.5 m). Fuselage Length: 37.87 ft (11.538 m). Overall Length: 45.19 ft (13.768 m). Powerplant: 2
x Pratt & Whitney/Klimov PW207K turboshafts. Max Take-Off Weight: 7,277 lb (3,300 kg). Max Speed: (approx) 285 km/p.
Range (empty): 620 km. Cabin Dimensions: Length: 3.5 m. Max Width: 1.68 m. Max Height: 1.3 m. Volume: 7.64 m3.
Military version of new technology light twin. Tailboom incorporates
NOTAR anti-torque system. Key features include a cabin for eight troops,
a broad range of weapons packages, low radar and noise signatures,
ability to mount mast, roof or chin sights. Used (as the MH-90) by the US
Coast Guard’s Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron Ten (Hitron 10) for
drug interdiction from late 1998. Unsuccessfully offered to meet US Army
ARH and LUH requirements, but now in service with the Mexican Navy in
ship-based anti-smuggling operations. Powerplant: 2 x 710 shp (529 kW)
Pratt & Whitney Canada PW 207E turboshafts. Gross weight: 6,000 lb
(2,722 kg), ‘operational weight’ 6,900 lb (3,100 kg). Empty weight:
(standard configuration) 3,265 lb (1,461 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors
turning) 38.83 ft (11.84 m). Height: 12 ft (3.66 m), Rotor diameter: 33.83 ft (10.34 m). Performance (at normal gross
weight with P&W engines): Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) Max Range: (at 5,000 ft or 1,524 m, ISA) 293 nm (543 km)
max endurance under same conditions 3.0-3.35 hr. HOGE in ISA 10,200 ft (3,109 m), HIGE in ISA 12,600 ft (3,179 m), twin
engine service ceiling 18,650 ft (5,685 m). Armament: All six Mexican Navy Combat Explorers are outfitted with 70 mm
rocket pods and GAU-19/A .50 calibre Gatling guns. The MD Combat Explorer may also be equipped with M-134 7.62
Miniguns, M2 .50 calibre machine guns, Hellfire laser-guided, and Rafael N-TD missiles.
30
31
MIL (ULAN UDE) MI-8T (HIP)
Tough, battle-proven medium utility helicopter built in huge numbers for
Soviet forces and client states and deployed in a wide variety of rolespecific variants. Designed by Mil, now manufactured by Ulan Ude
Aviation Association in the city of Ulan Ude in eastern Russia as
modernised Mi-8T, to which specs below apply. Five blade main rotor is
attached to conventional fully articulated head and features a pendulum
damper that smooths vibration and increases engine life to claimed
20,000 hours. Large (5.34 x 2.34 x 1.80 m) cabin features clamshell rear
doors and can carry 4,000 kg, 24 passengers or 12 stretcher cases. Fitted
with 150 kg capacity winch. Powerplant: 2x 1,923 shp (1,434 kW) Klimov
TV2-117A turboshafts. Rotor diameter: 69 ft 10.25 in (21.29 m). Overall
length, rotors turning: 82 ft 9.75 in (25.24 m). Overall height: 18 ft 6.5 in (5.65 m). MTOW: 12,000 kg (26,455 lb) for VTO.
Max level speed: 140 kt (260 kph) at 1,000 m altitude and 11,100 kg normal all-up weight. HOGE: 2,785 ft (850 m) at
normal AUW. HIGE: 5,905 ft (1,800 m) at normal AUW. Range: 229 nm (425 km) with 24 pax, standard fuel, 20 min
reserves, 1,000 m altitude. Armament: Numerous options including AGTMs, rockets, pintle-mounted and podded machine
guns, mines.
MIL Mi‑14 (HAZE)
Medium sized maritime helicopter derived from the successful Mi‑8/17
Hip. Boat-hull fuselage gives ability to land on water. Haze‑A is ASW
version, Haze B is fitted for mine countermeasures, Haze C is an SAR
machine with double width sliding door and retractable hoist. Search
lights on either side of the nose. Export customers include Bulgaria, Cuba,
Libya, Poland, Romania, Syria, Yugoslavia and North Korea. Seating for
4‑5 crew. Firefighting conversion with internal water and retardant tanks
marketed by German company Aerotec. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117M
turboshafts rated at 1,900 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 30,865 lb
(14,000 kg). Dimensions: Length: 70 ft (18.3 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.75 m).
Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 124 kt (230
km/h). Typical Range: 850 km (30 min reserves). Max fuel: 612 nm (1,135 km). Service ceiling: 4,000 m. Armament:
ASW homing torpedoes, mines, depth charges carried in internal weapons bay; AMCM version tows mine disposal sled.
MIL (KAZAN) Mi‑17 V5/V7 (HIP‑H)
Considerably uprated version of Mi‑8 medium multi‑role helicopter with
dynamics from the Mi‑14 Haze, tail rotor moved to port side of stabiliser.
Seating for 2 to 3 crew and up to 36 passengers. Originally designed by
the Mil bureau with Soviet military designation Mi-8MTV, but
manufactured by Kazan Helicopters. Ongoing upgrade work at Kazan
includes a new APU, more powerful Klimov VK 2500 engines and modern
avionics. The new SAFIR APU will allow engine starts at up to 6,000 m
(from 4,000) and can work for up to six hours on the ground in generator
mode. Kazan worked with Honeywell and Canada‘s Kelowna flight craft on
a western avionics suite and with Transas on a Russian suite. The V5 is
the current production standard. The new engines, a new main gear box
and new composite main and tail rotors will define the V7 version Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VM turboshafts rated at
2,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length:
60.44 ft (18.42 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/
h) clean. Typical Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: 4 x 20 x 80 mm rockets, 7.62 mm machine guns, 4 x GSh‑23
gunpacks.
32
MIL (ULAN UDE) Mi-171/Mi-171SH
MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑28N (HAVOC)
Ulan Ude’s upgraded current production version of the classic Mil Mi-17
design, itself an upgrade of the Mi-8. Mi-171 is a ‘multipurpose transport
helicopter’, the 171SH a combat transport. Mi-171 can carry up to 36 fully
equipped paratroopers, or 12 stretcher cases, or 4,000 kg of cargo
internally or externally. Removal of the clamshell rear doors allows
carriage of outsized cargo. The 171SH is distinguished by its weapon
systems that include radio command guided ATGMs and IR homing air-toair missiles as well as guns and rockets. Defensive aids include exhaust IR
suppressors, chaff and flare dispensers and an omnidirectional IR jammer.
It is designed to carry assault troops and provide them with fire support
as well as medevac, SAR and CSAR services. Rotor head features
distinctive ‘pendulum’ vibration absorber. Upgrade in progress. Powerplant: 2 x 2,200 shp (1,618 kW) Klimov TV3-117VM
turboshafts. Weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 60.44 ft (18.42 m).
Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/h) clean. Typical
Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: Shturm V radio command guided ATGMs with single (Shturm) and tandem (Ataka)
shaped-charge warheads, up to four 20-shot 80 mm rocket pods, door and cockpit mounted machine guns, up to four
twin 23 mm gun pods, freefall bombs.
The Mi-28N is a heavily armed and armoured attack helicopter with a 24
hour/adverse weather combat capability and high power to weight ratio.
Five-bladed main rotor has composite blades with swept tips, full
articulation via elastomeric bearings attached to machined titanium head.
‘Scissor’ tail rotor has two pairs of blades superimposed in flattened X
configuration. Stepped tandem cockpits feature flat, armoured
transparencies. Cockpit armour (titanium and ceramic) protects crew from
12.7 mm API and (unspecified) 20mm rounds. Structure, landing gear and
seats are crashworthy. Fuel system is self-sealing, crashworthy and
explosion resistant. AFCS allows automatic NoE flight at night and in
adverse weather at altitudes from 15 down to 5 m. In July 2006, Russian
defence minister Ivanov announced that the government would buy 7 Mi-28Ns by the end of 2006 and 67 within nine years.
Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp. Gross weight: 12,100 kg. Empty weight: 7,890 kg.
Dimensions: Length: 55.3 ft (17.010 m). Height: 12.53 ft (3.82 m). Rotor diameter: 56 ft (17.2 m). Performance: Max speed:
162 kt (300 km/h). Typical Range: 254 nm (450 km). Armament: NPPU chin turret for 2A42 30 mm cannon with 250
rounds or 2 x UPK-23-250 pods with 23 mm GSh-23L gun (250 rounds), 8 x 9-M-114 Shturm, 8 x 9-M-120 Ataka radio
command guided ATGMs, Igla 80 x 80 mm C‑8 rockets or 20 x 130 mm C‑13 rockets, KMGU-2 mine dispensers.
MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑24/35 (HIND)
NHINDUSTRIES NH90
Formidable anti‑tank, close air support and armed assault helicopter with
crew of 3 and cabin for 8 troops. Hind G is dedicated NBC/reconnaissance
machine. Mi-35 is latest export variant built by Rostvertol in Rostov-onDon. Upgrade package includes main, tail rotor and transmission
components from the Mi‑28, twin‑barrelled 23 mm cannon in the nose
turret, 9-M‑114 and/or 9-M-120 anti‑armour missile and Igla air-to-air
missiles. Upgrade packages also on offer from SAGEM in France, ATE in
South Africa, BAE systems in the UK, Elbit and IAI Tamam in Israel.
Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117 VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp for
take‑off. Gross weight: 11,500 kg. Empty weight: 8,400 kg. Dimensions:
Length: 55.8 ft (18.57 m). Height: 14 ft (4.25 m). Rotor diameter: 55.8 ft
(17 .3m). Performance: Max speed: 178 kt (320 km/h). Typical Range: on internal fuel 243 nm (450 km). Armament:
Turreted four‑barrel 12.7 mm gun (Hind E) or fixed twin barrel GSh‑23‑2 or GSh‑30‑2 cannon (Hind F). Six hardpoints for
rockets, gunpods, air‑to‑air and anti‑tank missiles. Stubwing Pylons for 8 x Shturm, 8 x Ataka anti-tank missiles and 2 x
Igla air-to-air missiles. Laser guided and conventional bombs.
NH90 is a multi-national co-operative programme between France,
Germany, Italy and the Netherlands to develop and produce tactical
transport (TTH) and naval multirole (NFH) helicopters based on a common
air vehicle. It is the largest military helicopter programme in Europe, with
firm orders for 453 helicopters plus 102 options by mid-2007. Spheriflex
composite four-blade rotor, all-composite fuselage with tail ramp, glass
cockpit, fly-by-wire controls, pilotage FLIR, defensive aids suite are main
features. NHIndustries is a joint venture company between Eurocopter,
Agusta and Stork Fokker. The partner nations (Germany, France, Italy and
the Netherlands, and later Portugal) ordered 298 aircraft, plus options.
Orders placed by ten further nations – Australia, Belgium, Finland, Greece,
New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Sweden. Powerplant: 2 x RTM-322 -01/9 or T700/T6E
turboshafts rated at 2,230 max cont SHP. Gross weight: 23,370 lb (10,600 kg), Alternate GW: 24,250 lb (11,000 kg).
Empty weight: 14,110 lb (6.400 kg), mission payload up to 10,140 lb (4,600 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning)
64 ft 2.25 in (19.563 m). Height: 17 ft 10 in (5.44 m). Rotor diameter: 53 ft 6 in (16.3 m). Performance: Max cruising
speed: 165 kt (305 km/h). Typical Range: 540 nm (1,000 km). Armament: Lightweight ASW torpedoes, anti-ship missile,
pintle-mounted machine guns.
MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑26T (HALO)
Largest operational helicopter in the world, used for transport and heavy
lift work. Now marketed as a pure heavy lifter, a refuelling station for
difficult locations, an ambulance/flying hospital, and a fire fighter.
Equipped with rear loading ramp capable of accepting large vehicles,
overhead track‑mounted hoists with 5,510 lb (2,500 kg) capacity. Eight
bladed main rotor, five bladed tail rotor. First flew in December 1977.
Seating for five crewmembers and up to 85 fully equipped troops or 60
stretchers. Rostvertol is engineering a major upgrade, which involves
equipping the helicopter with a new all-weather avionics suite dubbed
“Avionics-2000 BREO”; reducing the number of crew members to two
persons (chief pilot and co-pilot-navigator); equipping the crew with night
vision goggles and making the interior and exterior light NVG compatible. Power plant: 2 x ZMBK Progress D‑136
turboshafts rated at 10,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 123,480 lb (56,000 kg). Empty weight: 62,181 lb (28,200 kg).
Payload: 44,100 lb (20,000 kg) internal or external. Dimensions: Length: 110.65 ft (33.73 m). Height: 26.72 ft (8.15 m).
Rotor diameter: 105 ft (32 m). Performance: Max speed: 159 kt (295 km/h). Typical Range: 432 nm (750 km).
Armament: Usually unarmed.
34
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35
PZL Mi-2
Light twin-engined helicopter developed over many years. Conventional
alloy structure and fully articulated rotor systems. Seating for up to 10
people or smaller number of fully equipped troops. Used in utility, liaison,
training, patrol and light attack/escort roles. Armed version designated to
operate with ground troops and can be equipped with guns, rockets and
missiles. Powerplant: 2 x GTD-350 at 400 shp (295 kW). Fuselage length:
39.2 ft (11.94 m). Overall length: 57.f ft (17.42 m). Rotor diameter: 47.8 ft
(14,56 m). Height with tail-rotor running: 14.1 ft (4,29 m). Max take-off
weight: 8,157 lb (3,700 kg). Empty weight: 5,313 lb (2,410 kg). Useful
load: 2,410 lb (1,290 kg). Max speed: 113 kt (210 km/h). Max cruise speed:
91.8 kt (170 km/h). Max range: 313 nm (580 km). HOGE: 2,953 ft (900 m).
HIGE: 5,239 ft (1,600 m). Service ceiling: 13,123 ft (4,000 m). Armament: NS-23 gun, PK guns, rocket launchers type S-5,
S-5M, guided missile launchers.
PZL W‑3WA SOKOL
Twin‑engined utility and combat support helicopter designed and built in
Poland. PZL W‑3A is standard civil version. PZL W‑3RM Anakonda is SAR
variant. Depending on equipment and armament, the W-3WA may be used
for evacuation of casualties on stretchers, for transportation of up to 10
fully equipped troops, for fire support on the battlefield and for engaging
point targets both on land and on water. Powerplant: 2 x PZL‑10W
turboshafts rated 900 shp (672 kW) each for take‑off. Gross weight:
14,080 lb (6,400 kg). Useful load: 4, 581 lb (2, 078 kg) Empty weight:
9,528 lb (4,322 kg). Dimensions: Length: (with tail rotor turning) 50.2 ft
(15.29 m). Height: (with tail rotor turning) 16.8 ft (5.137 m). Rotor
diameter: 51.5 ft (15.7 m). Performance: Max speed: 260 km/h, range 761
km, HOGE 1,900 m, HIGE 3020 m, ROC 9.3 m/sec, VROC 2.3 m/s service ceiling 4,910 m. Armament: GSz‑23k Cannon, S‑8,
S‑5 rockets, 9M32M IR guided AA missiles, PLATAN airborne minefield sowing, HOT anti-tank missiles.
SCHWEIZER TH-300C
Light training helicopter derived from Hughes 269/TH-55 and produced
by Schweizer Aircraft since 1983. Used by Colombia, El Salvador, Greece,
Japan, Nigeria, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey and others. Militarised Model
300C has heavy-duty skids, auxiliary fuel, ADF and transponder. Seats
pilot and student or passenger. Model 300CB is new dedicated trainer
version with lower gross weight and operating costs. Model 330 is new
turbine-powered model based on substantially uprated 300.
Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-D1A piston engine rated at
190 hp for take-off and continuous use. Gross weight: 2,050 lb (930 kg).
Empty weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg). Dimensions: Length: 30.8 ft (9.4 m).
Height: 8.75 ft (2.67 m). Rotor diameter: 26.8 ft (8.2 m). Performance:
Max speed: 91 kt (145 km/h) Armament: Nil
36
SIKORSKY CH-53K
The CH-53K is a brand new aircraft for the US Marine Corps designed to
fit ship decks, lifts and hangars that now take CH-53Es, and to provide
double the lift in USMC hot day conditions at 110 nm, a 45% reduction in
direct maintenance cost, increased survivability and a 20 knot increase in
speed, compared with the E model. A key requirement is to conduct an
un-refuelled mission of 110 nm radius with a 27,000 pound (12,247 kg)
external payload. The aircraft meets the stringent performance
parameters on a “high-hot” Navy day (a pressure altitude of 3000 feet
and 91.5˚ F/915 meters/33˚ C). Elastomeric main rotor head reduces O&S
costs and increases flight readiness. Composite main rotor blades have
advanced airfoil sections. The three new 6,000 shp class engines will
feature integral air particle separators. The auxiliary power unit will have pneumatic starting. The advanced drive system
will have a multiple path split torque gearbox with load sharing capability. The bearingless tail rotor hub is to feature
advanced airfoils and reduced part count. Fly-by-Wire (FBW) electronic flight controls are intended to improve mission
capability with reduced weight and lower life cycle costs. The hybrid composite airframe structure will provide lighter
weight and lower vibration throughout aircraft life. IOC is expected in FY2015.
MH-60 Helicopters
A Technology Leap for Naval Forces
SIKORSKY H‑53 SEA STALLION/SUPER STALLION
CH‑53E is a three‑engined heavy‑lift helicopter for USMC and Navy,
derived from twin‑engined CH‑53A/D/G (S‑65). MH‑53E Sea Dragon for
US Navy and S‑80E export version for Japan are mine countermeasures
helicopters. Pave Low Enhanced MH‑53Js are for US Air Force Special
Operations. CH‑53A/D/G in service with US Marine Corps Reserve, Israeli
Air Force (updated to Yasur 2000 standard), German Heeresfliger.
RH‑53D minesweeper in US Navy Reserve. 40 of the 80 German
machines being upgraded to serve until around 2030. USMC machines
due to be replaced by new Heavy Lift Replacement or HLR standard
(formerly CH-53X, now CH-53K) with new fuselage structure, engines,
gearboxes, rotor systems and avionics – see entry below. This aircraft is a
likely candidate for future European heavy lift requirements. H-53E: Powerplant: 3 x General Electric T64‑GE‑416
turboshafts rated at 4,380 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 73,500 lb (33,339 kg). Empty weight: 33,226 lb (15,071 kg).
Dimensions: Length: 73.3 ft (22.35 m). Height: 18.7 ft (5.66 m). Rotor diameter: 79 ft (24.08 m). Performance: Max
speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 1,120 nm (2,075 km). Armament: 50 cal or 7.62 mm door and ramp guns.
SIKORSKY H-92
H-92 is the military version of commercial S-92. Stand-up cabin and
developed S-70 Hawk family dynamics. Higher gross weights, more power
and new composite rotor blades. Recent modifications include a larger
sliding door to improve access for SAR missions, new glass cockpit.
Available as a 22-troop utility and other mission specific configurations,
all with cabin-width rear ramp. Selected as the airframe for Canada’s shipbased Maritime Helicopter Programme, as the CH-148 Cyclone, following
the cancellation of the original CH-148 Petrel and CH-149 Chimo (EH101
variants), with a General Dynamics Canada Integrated Mission System and
Sonobuoy Acoustic Processing System, a Telephonics APS-143B radar and
an L-3 HELRAS sonar. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric CT7-8 turboshafts
rated at 2,500 shp (1,864 kW) for take off. Gross weight: 25,500 lb (11,567 kg) internal load, 26,800 lb (12,156 kg) external
load) Hook load: 10,000 lb. Performance: (@ Sea Level, ISA) 25,500 lb/11,567 kg: Maximum cruise speed: 151 kt (280
kph), best range speed 136 kt (252 kph), range 475 nm (880 km), HOGE: 5,500 ft (1,680 m), HIGE: 10,175 ft (3,100 m).
38
The U.S. Navy’s most sophisticated
multi-mission helicopters are available
to navies worldwide.
Developed for littoral zones and open ocean,
the newly operational MH-60R and MH-60S
are built and integrated with advanced
systems to perform missions currently
served by six U.S. Navy helicopters —
anti-submarine and surface warfare,
airborne mine countermeasures, combat
search and rescue, vertical replenishment
and medical evacuation.
Configurable to mission preferences.
Interoperable with U.S. forces. Supportable
worldwide. And in production. The MH-60
multi-mission helicopters. A navy’s most
versatile fleet protection asset.
SIKORSKY S‑70A/UH‑60L BLACK HAWK
Widely exported assault and utility helicopter; US Army UH‑60A with
T700‑GE‑700 engines succeeded by current UH‑60L with ‑701C. Multiple
redundant systems for battle damage tolerance. US Army EH‑60A is
tasked with electronic warfare. USAF MH/HH‑60G for special operations
and SAR. UH‑60Q is US Army medevac bird. UH‑60C command and
control version is in development. VH-60N VIP/Presidential aircraft used
by HMX-1. AH-60DAP, MH-60K and MH-60L are US Army Special
Operations aircraft. S-70 A is export version. In May 2001 US Army signed
up for modernisation programme to create UH-60M. M features open
architecture digital avionics and flight controls, graphite main rotor
blades, a strengthened fuselage, and standardising other improvements.
Payload will be 2,000 lb greater and speed up to 15 knots faster. UH-60M flew for the first time on 23 September 2003.
HH-60M for medevac duties. Enhanced UH‑60‑L: Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑701C turboshafts rated 1,890
shp on take‑off. Gross weight: 22,972 lb (10,421 kg). Empty weight: 11,516 lb (5,224 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26
m). Height: 11.3 ft (3.76 m). Rotor diameter: 53.6 ft (16.63 m). Performance: Max speed: 195 kt (361 km/hr). Typical
Range: 324 nm (600 km). Armament: Hellfire missiles, 70 mm rockets, 20 mm guns, and mines.
helicopter
specifications
weapon specifications
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgS
sensors
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
SIKORSKY S‑70B/SH‑60 SEAHAWK
US Navy SH‑60B LAMPS III ASW/ASV helicopter usually embarked in
frigates or destroyers. Carries sonobuoys and radar. SH‑60F carrier‑based
sub‑hunters are equipped with deep dipping sonar. MH-60R will combine
the roles in a standardised package. New build MH-60S replacing CH-46
in USN VERTREP role and take on numerous other missions such as
amphibious and carrier search and rescue, and remote site logistics
missions and, in future, airborne mine counter measures, combat search
and rescue, and special warfare support. HH‑60J is medium range rescue
helicopter for US Coast Guard. S‑70Bs are in service with Australia, Spain,
Taiwan and Greece, Thailand and selected by Turkey. SH‑60J built in
Japan. See Mission Systems section for more detail of USN MH-60R and S
models. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401C turboshafts rated at 1,713 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 21,700 lb
(9,843 kg). Empty weight: 13,648 lb (6,191 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26 m). Height: 12.5 ft (3.8 m). Rotor
diameter: 53.6 ft (16.36 m). Performance: Max cruise speed 135 kt (249 km/h). Typical Range: 500 nm (684 km).
Armament: 1 x Penguin anti‑ship missile, 2 Mk 46 or Mk 50 torpedoes.
guide to military
helicopter fleets
guide to SUPPLIERS
PRODUCT GUIDE
SPECIFICATIONS
WEAPON SYSTEMS
± Air-to-air missiles
In service on helicopters, have been test-fired from a helicopter or are actively
being adapted to rotary-winged platforms.
± Anti-armour guided missiles
(ATGMs) Major helicopter-launched – under development or in service, not
likely to become obsolescent in the near future and marketed internationally.
± Anti-ship missiles
Major helicopter-launched.
± Rocket systems
Significant helicopter-launched – available, qualified and in service on
helicopters or marketed for such applications.
± Guns
Marketed for helicopter applications or selected for significant programmes.
As any general-purpose machine gun can be fired from a helicopter with
minimal adaptation, these have been excluded for the sake of brevity. The
exception to this rule is the MAG-58, included because of its widely-used
podded applications.
± Torpedoes
Major helicopter-launched – in service with or under development for major
maritime forces or marketed internationally.
40
the editor.
WEAPONS » Air-to-air missiles
9M32 STRELA - 2 (SA-7 GRAIL)
Helicopter-launched version of ubiquitous first generation shoulder-launched
short range SAM Manufacturer: Sakr, Egypt and CPMIEC, China Range: 4 km
Speed: supersonic Propulsion: single-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 1.8 kg
high explosive fragmentation Guidance: passive IR homing Length: 1.34 m
Diameter: 70 mm Width: (wingspan) 30 cm unfolded Weight: 10 kg at launch
Platforms: SOKO-built Gazelles, Mil Mi-2, Mi-24/25/35. Improved version:
STRELA 2M. The SA-7 is in the tube in the lowest position on the pylon in the
picture.
MBDA MISTRAL ATAM
Air-to-air missiles « WEAPONS
SHORTS MISSILE SYSTEMS STARSTREAK
Air-to-air variant of UK hypervelocity SAM Range: more than 6 km Speed:
hypersonic Propulsion: two-stage rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of
one target must be completed before another can be fired upon, but
engagements are over very quickly Warhead: three individually guided
armour-piercing/explosive darts with delay fuse Guidance: laser beam riding:
darts steer themselves into centre line of ‘grid’ created by vertical and
horizontal scanning lasers. Helicopter sights automatically keep centre of grid
on target Weight: 37 lb Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 130 mm Width: (wingspan)
250 mm Launcher: two-tube box Platforms: Evaluation/Integration process
completed for Apache, but US Army requirement dropped.
V A DEGTYAREV PLANT 9M39 IGLA-V (SA-18 GROUSE)
Fire-and-forget AAM system using the Mistral SAM, which was designed from
the start with modification to an air-to-air role in mind. Range: 5 km + Speed:
Mach 2.5 Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: up to 1 missile every 3
secs Warhead: 3 kg high explosive, tungsten ball Fusing: active laser proximity
fuse Guidance: passive infra-red homing, proportional navigation Length: 1.86
m Diameter: 90 mm Weight: 18.7 kg at launch Platforms: In full operational
service on the French Army Aviation Gazelle and qualified on the Tigre attack
helicopter. Can be mounted on attack helicopters fitted with an integrated
combat system (Tigre, Rooivalk) or on lightweight helicopters (Gazelle, Fennec)
and utility helicopters (Cougar) as a stand-alone weapon system.
Larger and with higher performance than SA-14, Igla (‘needle’) is another
Russian shoulder-launched SAM adapted to helicopter use. Range: 5.2 km
Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 2.5 kg highexplosive fragmentation with impact fuse Guidance: passive IR homing.
Length: 1.55 m Diameter: 72 mm Width: (wingspan) 35 cm Weight: 16.5 kg
Platforms: Mi-8/17, Mi-24, offered as an option on Rostvertol Mi-35s for export
customers, and Kamov Ka-50 Werewolf. The manufacturer is based in Kovrov,
Russia. MANPADS version pictured.
RAYTHEON AIM-9X SIDEWINDER
AIM-9X is the latest in a long line of Sidewinders. Features imaging seeker,
thrust vector control, off-boresight capability and high countermeasures
resistance. Range: around 16 km Speed: supersonic, likely to be around Mach 3
to catch fleeing fast jet Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: would
depend on ability of helicopter’s sighting systems to acquire new targets and
cue missile seeker heads Warhead: 9.5 kg high explosive blast fragmentation
with laser proximity fuse Guidance: imaging IR, proportional navigation
Length: 3 m Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 85 kg Platforms: Earlier versions
operational on USMC Bell AH-1W SuperCobras.
RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS AIR-TO-AIR STINGER (ATAS)
Uses the Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable Microprocessor) missile Speed:
Supersonic Propulsion: solid propellant, dual thrust Warhead: blast Guidance:
passive dual mode IR/UV homing, fire-and-forget, proportional navigation with
lead bias Length: 60 inches Diameter: 2.75 inches Weight: ATAS System with
4 missiles is 123 lb (missile weight is 23 lb) Platforms: OH-58C, OH-58D (Kiowa
Warrior), Blackhawk, planned for Longbow Apache and Comanche (competing
with Starstreak for US Army AAM requirement). Selected by German Army for
Tiger, more recently by Italian Army for Mangusta.
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43
WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles
9M114 SHTURM - V (STORM-V) (AT-6 SPIRAL)
Third-generation Russian short-range anti-armour missile Manufacturer: KBM
Engineering Design Bureau, Kolomna - Russia Range: 5 km Speed: supersonic
Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be
completed before another can be engaged Warhead: 10 kg two tandem HEAT
shaped-charges Guidance: dual mode, radio command followed by semi-active
laser terminal homing Length: 1.78 m Diameter: 14 cm Width: (wingspan) 30
cm Weight: 30 kg Platforms: Mil Mi-24E/F, Kamov Ka-29 HORMONE, offered as
option on Rostvertol Mi-35 for export customers, Mi-28 Havoc and Mi-8/17.
Improved version: 9M120 ATAKA (AT-9) Warhead: improved tandem HEAT and
blast action warheads Range: 6 km
DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS INGWE
Multi-purpose missile, evolved from ZT3 family, for use by infantry, armour or
helicopter forces against modern threats. Passive target acquisition, high
countermeasure resistance and ease of use are claimed Range: 250-5,000 m
Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: launch motor and boost motor Warhead:
tandem shaped charge with precursor warhead in tip of nose probe. Claimed to
penetrate 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating explosive reactive armour (ERA).
Alternative Thermobaric and Multi-Purpose Penetrator warheads Guidance:
laser beam riding; missile follows centre line of laser scan pattern. Helicopter
use requires stabilised sight. Automatic target tracking modules can be added
to ensure fully automatic missile guidance after lock-on by the operator
Length: 1,750 mm Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 28,5 kg. Platforms: Denel Rooivalk and Puma gunship, MI 24 helicopter, Ratel ICV,
BMP1 tracked vehicle.
DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS MOKOPA
Long range, high performance precision guided missile similar to Hellfire under
development in South Africa. Range: >10,000 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion:
solid rocket motor Rate of fire: ripple fire capability Warhead: tandem shapedcharge and alternative multi-purpose warhead Guidance: semi-active laser, can
be fitted with IIR ‘fire-and forget’ and millimetre wave radar homing versions
Platforms: Integrated with and successfully fired from Rooivalk attack
helicopter.
HELLFIRE SYSTEMS LLC HELLFIRE II
Originally an anti-armour missile, has demonstrated anti-ship and antihelicopter capability too. Range: 0.5 to 8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion:
solid propellant, minimum smoke internal burning rocket motor Rate of fire:
eight second interval rapid fire (1 designator), 1.5 second interval ripple fire
(multiple designators) Warhead: tandem shaped-charge (anti-armour), blast
fragmentation (anti-ship) Guidance: Semi-active laser homing Length: 1,625.6
mm (64 in) Diameter: 178 mm (7 in) Weight: 45 kg (99 lb) with shaped-charge
warhead, 47.88 kg (105 lb) with blast fragmentation Launcher: modular with
single, twin and four rail options Platforms: operational on AH-64 Apache, AH1W SuperCobra, SH-60B, OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, qualified on MD530, UH-60.
44
Anti-armour guided missiles « WEAPONS
JOINT COMMON MISSILE (AGM-169)
LONGBOW LLC/LONGBOW INTERNATIONAL AGM-114L LONGBOW HELLFIRE
US Army, USMC, USN and UK MoD project to develop a new missile to replace
Hellfire, Maverick and possibly TOW. Multi-mode seeker, multi-mode warhead, fireand-forget plus man-in-the-loop modes, lock-on after launch, counter-measures
resistance, fratricide avoidance and longer range are key drivers. Air-to-air mode
to kill helicopters, UAVs likely Range: 16 km from helicopters, 28 km from fixedwing aircraft Propulsion: two-stage (boost, sustain) solid rocket motor Rate of
fire: could be ripple fired in Semi-Active Laser or fire-and-forget modes Warhead:
multi-mode, combinations of shaped-charge, blast frag, forged fragment under
investigation, possibly interchangeable and modular Guidance: multi-mode -Lockheed Martin
imaging IR, MMW radar, SAL Weight: 108 lb Length: 70 inches Platforms: Hellfire,
Maverick, TOW-capable aircraft, ground vehicles Contractor: Lockheed Martin selected in 2004 Status: development and risk
reduction testing has gone well and the Army included $150 million for JCM in its FY08 budget request.
Radar guided version of Hellfire developed for AH-64D Apaches Range: 0.5 to
8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket Rate of fire: can be fired one
after the other as fast as the gunner can pull the trigger Warhead: tandem
shaped-charge Guidance: inertial on co-ordinates from the weapons processor
using target data from the Longbow radar or the TADS, then active millimetre
wave radar homing. For close stationary and all moving targets the MMW
seeker can lock on before launch Length: 1,730 mm (69.2 in) Diameter:
178 mm (7 in) Weight: 48.24 kg (107.2 lb) Platforms: operational on AH-64D.
(Longbow LLC and Longbow International are Lockheed Martin/Northrop
Grumman joint ventures.)
KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU HERMES-A
MBDA PARS3 LR
Two-stage supersonic missile designed to destroy current and future tanks,
lightly armoured vehicles, fortifications and constructions, surface targets and
low-velocity air targets according to KBP. It is intended to arm combat and
assault helicopters as well as fixed-wing strike aircraft. A typical system
includes missiles packaged in transport/launch tubes, control equipment, two
launchers and maintenance facilities. KBP literature shows a Ka-52 carrying 16
on four four-round launchers. System can handle two-round salvos against
different targets. Range: 15 to 20 km. Guidance: Inertial and radio command to
target area, then terminal homing. Max speed: 1,000 m/sec. Warhead: 28 kg
HEF. Missile weight in tube: 110 kg. Tube length: 3.5 m.
KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU VIKHR (NATO AT-12)
Vikhr (Whirlwind) is a large Russian dual purpose anti-tank/air-to-air missile.
Range: maximum quoted as 8 to 10 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid
rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target would have to be
completed before a second could be fired upon Warhead: dual mode, shapedcharge for armoured targets, blast fragmentation with proximity fuse for
airborne targets Guidance: laser beam rider Length: 1.5 m Weight: 45 kg
Platforms: Mi-24, Mi-28, Ka-52 Alligator and Mi-8/17. KBP is based in Tula.
Vikhr-M (AT-16) is an improved version.
Fire and forget anti-armour missile with additional air-to-air capability.
Designed for installation on helicopters and ground vehicles and to supersede
second-generation systems eg HOT, TOW and Swingfire Range: 500-5,000 m
specified, extension possible up to 8,000 m Speed: high sub-sonic Propulsion:
solid rocket motor Warhead: tandem shape charge Rate of fire: salvo firings
against 4 targets in less than 8 seconds Guidance: passive imaging infra-red
using two modes of tracking: image correlation or target hot spot, in
conjunction with the OSIRIS mast-mounted sight Attack Modes: dive or
direct Length: 1.6 m Diameter: wings closed 227 mm; wings open 371 mm.
Weight: 41.2 kg Platforms: Tiger HAC; Tiger HCP.
MBDA HOT 3
Designed to destroy reactive armour, HOT 3 has repeatedly demonstrated its
multi-purpose capability. The latest development offers high countermeasure
resistance and day/night firing, in adverse weather. The missile is fully
maintenance-free. Combat proven. Range: 0.4 to 4 km Speed: high subsonic
Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be
completed before second missile can be fired. Warhead: tandem-shapedcharge Guidance: optically tracked, semi-automatic command to line of sight
(SACLOS), wire passes steering commands to missile. Length: 1.3 m Diameter:
150 mm Weight: 24.1 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Gazelle, BO-105;
in production for French HAC and German UHT Tigers; fired from Rooivalk,
Sokol; being integrated on Mi-24, Tiger HCP, EC635.
LOCKHEED MARTIN DIRECT ATTACK GUIDED ROCKET (DAGR)
Lockheed Martin’s Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR) is an independent
effort designed, like the APKWS II, to provide a small, low-cost precision guided
weapon suitable for engaging non-armoured or lightly armoured high-priority
targets close to civilians and friendly forces while minimising collateral
damage. It combines off-the-shelf 70 mm (2.75 inch) rockets with a semi-active
laser seeker derived from Hellfire technology and fold-out cruciform steering
fins. Four-pack pods of DAGRs fit where a single Hellfire would on the M299
(four Hellfire) and M310 (two Hellfire) smart launchers enabling any Hellfire
capable vehicle to fire it. It offers off-axis target engagement and lock-onbefore-launch (LOBL) capability. Has been successfully test fired from ground
launchers. Range from sea level: 500 m (min), 7,000 m (max). Range from 20,000 ft: 12,000 m. Guidance: Semi-active laser.
Warhead: M151 high explosive. Length: 1.9 m. Wingspan: 222 mm.
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47
RAFAEL SPIKE-ER (NTD)
Fire & forget / fire, observe & update and fire & steer anti-armour weapon
designed to defeat a variety of targets at extended ranges. Range: 400m8000m. Speed: subsonic. Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor. Warhead:
tandem shaped charge. Guidance: Electro-optic, passive CCD or Dual (CCD/IIR)
seeker. In the fire & forget mode and the fire, observe & update mode the
seeker is coupled to an auto-tracker, which dictates lock-on before launch. In
the fire & steer mode there is no need to lock-on target before launch; the pilot
has the ability to choose the target after launch and steer the missile to the
most vulnerable part of the target or lock-on and proceed with the fire, observe
& update. In both the F, O & U and F & S modes, a bi-directional, fibre-optic
communication link transmits target image back to the launch platform enabling the pilot to update the aim point or change
targets mid-flight. The link also enables precision manoeuvres within urban areas, mask-down capability and real-time surveillance
Length: 1,670 mm with canister Weight: 32 kg with canister Four-round heli-launcher weighs 55 kg Platforms: has been installed
on AH1-S Cobra, Agusta A129, MD500 Defenders, Gazelle, Mi-24 Hind. Additional platforms include combat vehicles, naval vessels
and tripods for ground use.Other members of the family include the Spike-MR for medium ranges of up to 2.5 km and the Spike-LR
for longer ranges of up to 4 km. Commonality ensures low life cycle cost, says Rafael. Spike-ER missile is integral to the HeliCOAT
helicopter mission equipment package designed to enable any helicopter to carry out attack missions by day or night and in
adverse weather conditions. HeliCOAT enables the engagement of many target types, at stand-off range and maximum
survivability. Features: Spike-ER (NTD) new generation fibre-optic guided missiles, Toplite observation system, Aero-Gem selfprotection & electronic warfare system, an Elbit helmet mounted sight and a TerraMap-3D airborne digital map. A multi-role
mission management computer and the man-machine interface ease workload. The HeliCOAT weapon package is modular and
suited to custom design. All of the major sub-systems are produced by Rafael.
RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS BGM-71 TOW
Tube-launched Optically tracked Wire-guided missile first entered service with
US Army in 1970 and BGM-71 A, B, C and D variants have been developed
embodying improvements to warheads and guidance systems. MAPATS is
Israeli laser beam riding version, FITOW (Further Improved TOW) is UK
version designed to attack thinner top armour of tanks. TOW 2A has
precursor warhead on nose probe, TOW 2B likewise has two downward firing
warheads to attack vehicle’s thinner top armour. TOW upgrades Raytheon has
proposed a technology insertion programme to extend the weapon’s range to
around 5 km, reduce guidance constraints. Options include a radio command
link to replace the wires and an imaging seeker derived from ASRAAM and
AIM-9X technology. RF command link to upgrade US Army inventory and
those of overseas forces.
Specifications refer to BGM-71D TOW 2 Range: 4 km Speed: high subsonic
Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target
must be completed before second missile can be fired Warhead: 6 kg shaped
charge Guidance: semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS),
wire passes steering commands to missile. Automatic CLOS if sight has
autotracker Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 150 mm Width: 45 cm (wingspan)
Weight: 21.5 kg at launch Platforms: operational on Bell Cobra/SuperCobra, MD 500 Defender, Agusta 129, Agusta 109, Westland
Lynx, Eurocopter BO-105 and Fennec, Bell 206/406 and cleared for carriage on Panther (Dauphin) and Gazelle.
48
SPECIFICATIONS » Anti-armour guided missiles
US ARMY BAE SYSTEMS APKWS II
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Lock on to MBDA solutions
KONGSBERG PENGUIN MK2 MOD 7 (AGM-119B)
PEMA2b - Crédit photo :
Dominique Sarraute
Fire-and-forget weapon with target discrimination and high penetration
capability. Range: more than 34 km Cruise speed: high subsonic. Propulsion:
two-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 120 kg (265 lb) semi armour piercing
filled with 50 kg (110 lb) high explosive Guidance: programmable inertial midcourse, passive IR terminal Length: 3 m (118 in) Diameter: (fuselage) 0.28 m (11
in) Wing Span: 1.4 m (55 in) deployed, 0.76 m (30 in) folded Weight: 385 kg
(850 lb) Platforms: SH-60B, S-70B Seahawks, SH-2G Super Seasprite and 412
EP ‘Sentinel’ integration ongoing, Super Lynx (feasibility studied).
www.mbda-systems.com
SU
BA
D
Described as an advanced littoral strike missile, an autonomous, all-weather,
long-range, precision standoff missile designed to destroy high-value, welldefended targets at sea and ashore in the face of strong air defences and
countermeasures. Imaging IR seeker has a wide field of view, real time image
processing, target selection, ability to discriminate and countermeasure
immunity. Features: ‘extreme’ low radar cross section; ‘extreme’ sea skim;
adaptive terrain following; guidance system with numerous waypoints in 3D plus
time; INS guidance aided by GPS and 3D map; automatic target recognition; IIR
terminal guidance; laser altimeter; hit point selection; 125 kg blast/fragmentation
warhead; programmable fuze and re-attack capability Launch weight: 410 kg
Flight weight: 356 kg Length w/booster: 395 cm Range: 160 km Propulsion: turbo jet sustainer engine Speed: high subsonic.
Platforms: NSM is deployable from naval combatants, helicopters, aircraft and land-based trucks, has been fitted to NH90.
50
ITY A I R
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KONGSBERG NAVAL STRIKE MISSILE (NSM)
Air-launched fire-and-forget anti-ship missile. Range: 50-70 km depending on
launch altitude and speed Propulsion: 2 solid propellant rockets (booster and
sustainer) Guidance: inertial navigation during cruise phase, active homing
during terminal phase Length: 4.69 m Diameter: 0.35 m Weight: 670 kg
Platforms: the Exocet AM39 has already been installed on many types of
aircraft, including helicopters. Combat proven.
IOR
GROU
ANTI-SHIP MISSILES
MBDA EXOCET AM-39 BLOCK 2
U
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The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) is a US Army effort to provide a semi-active
laser homing guidance system that can be added to any 2.75 in (70 mm) rocket in the US inventory,
filling the point target capability gap between the 30 mm cannon and the Hellfire missile Guidance:
Distributed Aperture Semi-Active Laser Seeker (DASALS) a screw-in module between motor and
warhead with a tiny laser seeker on four flip-out steering/de-spinning fins. Range: 1.5 km to 5.5 km
Speed: supersonic Weight: 35 lb Status: Started life in the mid-’90s as the Low Cost Precision Kill
(LCPK) demonstration effort leading to the APKWS competition that General Dynamics Armament
and Technical Products (GDATP) won as prime with BAE Systems as a sub contractor. APKWS was
cancelled and re-competed as APKWS II, which BAES won as prime with GD as sub contractor. The
US Army decided to buy APKWS II in April 2006. The weapon was de-funded by the US DoD in 2007.
WEAPONS » Anti-ship missiles
MBDA AS-15TT
Guns « WEAPONS
ZVEZDA KH35
Small, all-weather anti-ship missile capable of destroying small ships such as
fast attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed:
280 m/s Propulsion: two-stage (booster + sustainer) solid rocket motor
Warhead: 30 kg high explosive Guidance: Agrion 15 radar on helicopter
provides automatic command-to-line-of-sight guidance (tracks target and
missile, sends steering commands to missile) Length: 2.3 m Diameter: 180 mm
Weight: 103 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Dauphin (Panther)
helicopters of the Royal Saudi Navy, which used it with success in Desert
Storm, and in the United Arab Emirates. (Potential applications include all
helicopters over 3.5 tonnes empty weight.)
Long-range, radar-guided anti-ship missile in the same class as Exocet and
adapted to a variety of platforms including ships, shore batteries, fixed-wing
aircraft and helicopters. NATO code name for air-launched version is AS20
Kayak. Maximum effective range: 130 km. Speed: 300 m/sec. Guidance: inertial
and active radar homing. Propulsion: solid rocket boost motor and turbojet
sustainer. Warhead: 145 kg blast fragmentation. Weight: 630 kg with booster.
Length: 3.75 m. Diameter: 42 cm. Wingspan: 93 cm. Platforms: Kamov Ka-27/28
carrier based helicopters.
GUNS
MBDA MARTE MK2/S
BOEING M230 AUTOMATIC CANNON
Medium range, lightweight, Fire and Forget, all weather, sea skimming anti-ship
missile system Range: in excess of 30 km Speed: high subsonic Warhead: semi
piercing HE warhead Fuses: impact and proximity fuses Guidance: inertial/
GPS/altimeter/Active radar Length: 3.77 m Diameter: 0.316 m Weight:
324 kg Platforms: in service with Italian Navy SH-3D helicopters.
Integration and qualification on new EH-101 and NH-90 helicopters
completed.
MBDA SEA SKUA
Chain-driven, single-barrel, externally powered weapon for attack helicopters
effective against lightly armoured vehicles and aircraft Calibre: 30 mm Rate of
fire: 625 (±25) rnds/min Modes: single rounds, limited, unlimited bursts Range:
up to 4,000 m Weight: 57.5 kg Power requirements: 3 hp Dimensions: length
1.68 m Ammunition: NATO standard Aden/DEFA rounds plus US M 788 (Target
Practice), M 789 (High Explosive Dual Purpose) and M 799 (High Explosive)
Mountings: powered turret on Apaches with up to 1,200 rounds Platforms:
standard fit on all Apaches in service and planned.
DENEL VEKTOR GA-1 20 mm AUTOMATIC CANNON
Lightweight, all-weather, sea-skimming missile capable of destroying fast
attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed: high
subsonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of fire: can be fired in
‘rapid succession’ to saturate defensive systems Warhead: HE blast
fragmentation warhead, delayed action fuse Guidance: semi-active radar
homing: radar illuminates target, missile seeker homes onto reflected signal
Length: 2.5 m Diameter: (maximum) 25 cm Width: (wingspan) 72 cm Weight:
147 kg Platforms: operational on Westland Lynx, Super Lynx, Sea King and AB
212 ASW can be carried by Bell 214ST and 412, and Kaman Seasprite/Super
Seasprite.
The hub of
the SYSTEMS AGM-65 MAVERICK
RAYTHEON
MISSILE
Family of missiles designed to kill hardened/high value targets. Range: 0.9 to
24.2 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of
fire: can be ripple fired Warhead: (basic) 56.7 kg shaped-charge, or 136.1 kg
kinetic energy penetrator/blast-fragmentation Guidance: TV (AGM-65 A/B),
semi-active laser homing (AGM-65C/E), IR (AGM-65D/G), AGM-65F uses IR
seeker with ship recognition algorithms and larger warhead, AGM-65H
improved TV seeker with replacement CCD camera. Length: 2.489 m
Diameter: 30.5 cm Width: (wing span) 71.9 cm Weight: A, B, D 210 kg, E, F
287.4 kg Platforms: AH-1W SuperCobra, AH-64A/D Apaches, SH-2G Super
Seasprite.
VEKTOR GA-1 is a multi-purpose light, compact South African cannon
developed from German MG-151 of Second World War Calibre: 20 mm Rate of
fire: 650-750 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 720 m/sec Sights: Armson ‘Occluded
Eye’ Red Dot gunsight or Gennet Optical Sight Weight: 39 kg Recoil Force:
3,500 N (Average) Electrical power: 22-29 V DC Length: 1.465 m Ammunition:
PRAC and PRACT, HEI, HEIT, SAPHEI, APC Mountings: chin or belly turret
Platforms: tested on Denel Rooivalk and Puma Gunship prototypes.
FN HERSTAL 250 and HMP 400 (HEAVY MACHINE GUN POD)
Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer,
armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/
tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing
incendiary Range: 2,000 m Ammunition boxes: 250 and 400 rounds Firing
mode: open bolt firing Weight: (fully loaded) HMP 250 120 kg; HMP 400 140 kg.
www.rotorhub.com
52
53
WEAPONS » Guns
FN HERSTAL M3M/P (GAU21) MACHINE GUN
Integrated Airborne
Weapon Systems
Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer,
armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/
tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing
incendiary Range: 2,000 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- Window- Pintle Systems
and co-axial integration Ammunition box: 300 or 600 rounds Firing mode:
open bolt firing Weight: M3M (GAU 21) + pintle : 75 kg ; M3P + soft mount +
recocking device: 47 kg.
FN HERSTAL MAG 58 MACHINE GUN
Calibre: 7.62 x 51 mm NATO Rate of fire: 650 to 1,000 rounds/min Range:
1,200 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- or Window- Pintle System Ammunition box: 200, 230, 250 and 1000 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight:
(weapon + pintle) 23 kg.
FN HERSTAL ROCKET MACHINE GUN POD
Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) & 70mm (2.75 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm
Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary,
armour-piercing/incendiary/tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high
explosive armour piercing incendiary and full range of 2.75 in rockets
Ammunition box: 250 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing (machine gun),
single shots, limited or unlimited bursts (rockets) Weight: (fully loaded) 150 kg.
GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS GAU-19/A
Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of
fire: selectable, 1,000 to 2,000 rounds/min Range: 1,800 m Ammunition: M-1,
M-8 API, M-17 tracer, M-20 APIT, M-33 ball, M-903 SLAP and M-948 SLAP tracer
Mountings: internal and external pintle, external cradle Weight: 139 lb (63 kg)
with feeder and transfer unit Dispersion: 80% of rounds within five
milliradians of pointing axis Average peak recoil force: 500 lb (2.24 kN)
Reliability: 100,000 mean rounds between failures (predicted) Dimensions:
1,181 mm long overall Scheduled maintenance: 15,000 round intervals.
54
Creating worldwide standards...
for over a century
SPECIFICATIONS » Guns
Guns « SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS M-197
Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun based on M-61 A1 Vulcan Calibre: 20
mm Rate of fire: up to 1,500 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 1,030 m/sec
Ammunition: US M-50 series and PGU-28B Mountings: chin turrets Weight:
66 kg Recoil load: 68 kg (average at 1,500 rnds/min) Length: 1.89 m
Platforms: AH-1 Cobras.
GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK19 MOD3
High-velocity automatic 40 mm machine gun, blowback operated, belt fed,
crew served weapon. Ammunition: M430 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP)
(anti-armour and anti-personnel), tracer impact marker (TP-training), CS/OC
(non-lethal), M918 (flashbang, training); compatible with all NATO 3585
ammunition Rate of fire: 300 to 400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 241 m/sec Max
effective range: 1,500 m Weight: 33 kg Length: 1,095 mm Width: 340 mm
Platforms: has been used in pods and turrets on helicopters.
GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT & TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK47
MOD 0 STRIKER
Automatic 40 mm grenade launcher incorporating the latest sensing, targeting
and computer-programming technology Calibre: 40 mm Gun Weight: 18 kg
Total System Weight: 44 kg. Length: 940 mm Width: 255 mm Rate of fire:
225 - 300 rpm Mass recoiling: 55% Maintenance: round counter.
KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU 2A42
As well as infantry fighting vehicles, this Russian 30 mm automatic cannon
arms the Mil/Rostvertol Mi-28N attack helicopter on which it is mounted in a
steerable chin turret and the Kamov Ka-50/52 series. On the Kamovs the
weapon is on the right side of the fuselage below the cockpit and can be
depressed to engage targets below the helicopter’s flight path. Calibre: 30 mm.
Rate of fire: 550 to 800 rpm (high), 200 to 300 rpm (low). Muzzle velocity:
960 m/sec.
56
MAUSER RMK-30
Recoilless, single-barrel, 30 mm revolver cannon. A proportion of the
propellant gas exhausts through nozzle at rear of breech to provide thrust to
counter recoil. Muzzle brake also fitted. Combustible-case ammunition used
Length: 1.7 m Weight: 100 kg Muzzle velocity: 1,200 m/sec Platforms:
Intended for German UH Tiger and other helicopters, turret mount designed,
tested on light armoured vehicle.
NEXTER 20 M 621 CANNON
Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: 800 (+/- 100) rnds/minute Modes: Can fire single
rounds, limited or unlimited bursts Weight: (gun ) 49 kg Recoil load: maximum
250 daN Recoil stroke: +70 mm to -17 mm Electrical power: 28 V 10 A
Dimensions: L 2,179 mm, W 203 mm, H 194 mm Ammunition: All 20 x 102 mm
rounds Mountings: MS 621 and type 19A cabin pintles for medium helicopters.
Pod mount qualified on Eurocopter Panther, Fennet & Cougar, Sikorsky S-76,
Bell 406, Sikorsky Black Hawk, Type 22A and type 23A flexible cradle mounts
available for Gazelle and Fennec respectively, THL20 gun turret system for
attack and transport helicopters Operational status: in service with French
forces and foreign customers.
NEXTER 30 M781
Cannon selected for French combat support variant of Tiger attack helicopter
Calibre: 30 mm Muzzle velocity: 730 m/sec Range: 0-1,500 m Rate of fire: up
to 750 rnds/min Modes: single rnds, 10 rnd bursts, 25 rnd bursts, continuous
Weight: 56 kg (gun alone) 160 kg (gun and complete turret) Ammunition: 30550 type Recoil load: 800 daN maximum Length: 1.87 m Mountings: powered
turret slaved to helmet sight, HUD or roof mounted sight Operational status:
Selected for French ALAT’s Gerfaut combat support version of Tiger, firing
trials on Gerfaut prototype have proved successful.
VA Degtyarev planT GSh-23L
Twin-barrelled, 23 mm, gas-operated, automatic cannon designed for use on
both helicopters and fixed-wing strike aircraft Calibre: 23 mm. Rate of fire:
3,000 or 3,400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 700 m/sec Magazine capacity: 4000
rounds Fire control: electric, 27V Mass: 50 kg Length: 1,537 mm with muzzle
brake, 1,387 mm without Width: 165 mm Height: 168 Platforms: Mil and Kamov
helicopters.
57
WEAPONS » Guns
DON’T BE SURPRISED
VA Degtyarev planT GSh-30K
Designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau and manufactured by
Degtyarev, this twin-barrelled, medium velocity, gas operated automatic
cannon is intended for use on helicopters and fixed wing strike aircraft Calibre:
30x164 mm type AO-18 Muzzle velocity: 1,020 m/sec Cyclic rate: variable,
probably 1,500 to 1,800 rpm Round weight: 390 g Gun weight: 126 kg
Platforms: Mi-24 family, Su-25 Frogfoot ground attack aircraft, in pods on any
Russian combat helicopter.
With Thales TopOwl, we’re helping the
world’s best helicopter pilots to hunt
down their targets
TopOwl puts flight, mission and target data in front
of both eyes. So pilots have wide-angle vision for
VA Degtyarev planT KORD
heads-up flight with full situational awareness, day
12.7 mm (0.50 in) heavy machine gun intended for use from helicopters,
ground vehicles, ships and other installations. Kord is designed to defeat lightly
armoured targets, ‘fire installations’ and personnel at 1,500-2,000m and air
targets at slant ranges up to 1,500m. It is said to be light enough to be used
dismounted from a bipod if necessary. Tubular housing below barrel suggests
gas operation Calibre: 12.7 mm Firing rate: 600 rpm Muzzle velocity: m/s
820-860 Aimed fire range: up to 2,000 m Barrel weight: 9.25 kg Loaded
magazine weight: 11.1 kg Weight of belt with 50 rounds: 7.7 kg Grouping
(R50) at 100 m range: not more than 300 mm Technical endurance: 10,000
rounds Armour piercing capability at 100 m: up to 20 mm.
and night. The system
is comfortable,
balanced, reliable,
expandable,
and safe in
emergencies.
TopOwl, chosen
by 15 nations, is
operating on Tiger,
NH90, Rooivalk and is
YAK-B
selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra
AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y. Designed by pilots for
Russian four-barrel 12.7 mm gatling gun Rate of fire: 4,000 to 4,500 rpm
Muzzle velocity: 810 m/sec Weight: 45 kg Platforms: Mi-24 and other
Russian combat helicopters. Mounted in USPU-24 turret on Hind, GUV pod
for pylon mounting.
pilots, TopOwl is a leap ahead of the pack: low-risk,
high performance, and the perfect fit for US Army,
US Air Force, US Marine Corps helicopters and also
foreign forces.
We’re flying to make the free world
safer with the help of Thales TopOwl.
The hub of the
helicopter industry
Sign up now for our FREE daily
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www.thalesgroup.com/aerospace
58
SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems
AVIBRAS AV-SF-70 SKYFIRE
Skyfire is a new family of 70 mm (2.75 in) rocket motor models M-8, M-9, M-10.
Maker claims better accuracy and longer range than other 70 mm systems
Warheads: AVC-70/MW (Multiple Warhead) - anti-personnel and anti-armour,
AVC-70/HE (High Explosive), AVC-70/F (Flechette), AVC-70/E (Exercise)- inert,
AVC-70/TS Practice Smoke, AVC-70-FB (White Phosphorous), AVC-70 PE (Antirunway) Warhead weight: (HE/M1): 3.8 kg Propulsion: composite propellant
motor stabilised by wrap-around fins. Range: up to 6,000m (air-to-ground)
Speed: supersonic Length: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1 warhead): 1,430
mm Diameter: 70 mm (2.75 in) Weight: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1
warhead): 11.4 kg Launchers: 7- tube AV-LM-70/7-SF or 19-tube AV-70/19-SF
Platforms: several types of helicopters plus high performance jets to propeller aircraft.
BORESIGHTING
FOR ALL
BRISTOL AEROSPACE CRV-7
No aircraft platform
is excluded from
AAI’s Advanced
Boresight Equipment
(ABE® ) — rotorcraft,
fighters, transports,
unmanned.
ABE systems have been
selected for alignment of military
aircraft worldwide, including those
of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps,
and Air Force.
Benefits include accuracy, dependability,
speed, repeatability, ease of use, supportability,
interoperability.
And value.
Contact us at [email protected]
or 800-655-2616.
Warheads: high explosive, armour piercing, flechette, flare, submunition and
training Propulsion: aluminium-free, reduced-smoke, composite solid
propellant Launchers: Hydra 70 detent launchers (19 tube M261 and 7 tube
M260) Performance: high kinetic energy (supersonic - Mach 3+); long standoff
(6 km+ engagement), demonstrated superior accuracy (to other 70 mm
systems) Rocket Motor: Length: 1.04 m, Diameter: 70 mm, Weight: 6 kg
Platform: WAH-64 Apache Longbow, AH-64D (under trial for Rooivalk).
GENERAL DYNAMICS HYDRA 70
Manufacturer(s): General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products
Warheads: M255 contains 1,179 60-grain flechettes M261 multi-purpose
warhead contains nine M73 shaped-charge/fragmentation submunitions (fuses
can be remotely set for ‘wall in space’ effect) M151 high explosive, M156 white
phosphorous, M264 red phosphorous, M267 practice, M274 practice and
M257/M278 illuminating heads also available Propulsion: Mk 66 wrap-around
fin rocket motor with EMI protection circuits for shipboard operations. Total
impulse 687 kg over 1.07 sec Range: around 5 km Diameter: 70 mm
Launchers: M260, M261, LAU-61, DA/LAU 68 EA Platforms: Bell AH-1, OH-58D,
406CS, Boeing AH64A/D, MD 500 series.
TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 2.75 in ROCKET SYSTEM
Rocket Motors: FZ-90 wrap-around fin rocket motor, extruded double base
grain, EMI protection, total impulse 690 daN/sec over 1 sec FZ-68 folding fin
rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 560
daN/sec over 0.95 sec MK40 folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base
grain, EMI protection, total impulse 510 daNsec over 1.55 sec Rocket
Warheads: FZ-71 HEGP - 43 kg, FZ-181 flash - 4.3 kg, FZ-120 PRACT - 4.3 kg,
FZ-210 SMK - 4.3 kg, FZ-100 MPSM - 6.2 kg - 8 submunitions with self-destruction device, FZ-149 Multidart AMV - 3.4 kg antilight vehicle, FZ-122 flechettes - 4.56 kg Rocket Launchers: new range of light weight launchers: 7 tubes - FZ-220 - 20 kg/12
tubes - FZ-219 - 26 kg/19 tubes - FZ-207 - 40 kg - all with NATO - 14 in suspension lugs - removable FZ-125 latch mechanisms remote fuze setting capabilities Firing control systems: RCP-96/BCTR-C with remote fuze setting and gun pods 20 mm and 12.7
mm management capabilities. Associated ILS policy, control and maintenance equipment, ballistic data, airworthiness capability
Platforms: BO105, BK117, Cougar MK1 +Mk2, Fennec, Bell 206, 406, 412, A109, Black Hawk, Rooivalk, Tiger.
60
ABE and Innovation That Works are
registered trademarks of AAI Corporation.
boresight.com
SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems
Torpedoes « SPECIFICATIONS
TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 68mm ROCKET SYSTEM
EUROTORP MU-90/ IMPACT
Rocket Motors: F3 type - folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base
grain, EMI protection, total impulse 500 daN/sec over 1 sec. F1H type - folding
fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 336
daN/sec over 0.8 sec Rocket Warheads: 26 P type - HEGP, 3 kg. 23 ECC type
- HEAT 1.8 kg 28 MPSM type - 5 submunitions with self-destruction device 29
AMV type - Multidart 3.4 kg F24 type - smoke impact market, 3.4 kg Rocket
Launchers: 8 tubes - LR68-8 - 30 kg empty; 12 tubes LR68-12 - 40 kg
empty; 22 tubes LR68-22 - 65 kg empty - all with NATO - 14 in suspension
lugs - remote fuze setting by inductive coupling Firing Control Systems: BHIR
via bus 1553, BCTR-C, SMS with remote fuze setting and gun pods
management capabilities Platforms: Alouette, Tiger HAP.
‘Fire-and-forget’ advanced lightweight torpedo developed in 1996 by European
consortium for France (DCN and Thales), and Italy (Whitehead) Speed:
probable maximum >50 kt Depth: from shallow water down to probably more
than 1,000 m Range: more than 10 km Propulsion: electrically-driven propulsor
using sea-water-activated battery Warhead: shaped-charge Guidance:
multiple-transducer, multiple frequencies active/passive sonar Length: 2.96 m
Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: around 295 kg Platforms: Intended for Lynx, NH90, EH101, Cougar.
VYMPEL S-5, S-8
RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-46 Mod 5A(S)
S-5
Russian lightweight unguided folding fin aircraft rocket for ground attack applications Calibre: 57 mm (actual body diameter 55
mm) Length: 1.01 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warheads: 4.5 kg HEAT, fragmentation, shaped-charge, chaff,
illumination and practice Range: 3 km Launchers: 16, 19 and 32 tube ‘UB’ pods Platforms: IAR 330 Puma, Mi8, Mi-17, Mi-24 etc.
S-8
Family of Russian medium weight folding fin aircraft rockets for numerous ground attack applications. Warheads include antiarmour, unitary high explosive, fuel air explosive and illumination. Specifications apply to S-8 HEAT Calibre: 80 mm Length: 1.57 m
Weight: 11.3 kg Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 3.6 kg shaped charge. Range: 4 km Launcher: 20-tube
B8V20A Platforms: Ka-27, Ka-50/52, Hind family, Mi-28.
Latest incarnation of proven Mk 46 in service with US Navy and offered for
export. Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) will keep it in service with the
USN Speed: two speeds – slow for stealthy search, fast for attacking high speed
submarines Propulsion: liquid monopropellant Otto motor Warhead: shapedcharge Guidance: active/passive sonar, digital autopilot with pre-programmed
search, re-attack patterns Length: 2.6 m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg
Platforms: Sikorsky Sea King, Seahawk, Bell 212 ASW, Kaman Seasprite/Super
Seasprite, Lynx, Panther. MK-46 is shown on the left of the photograph.
TORPEDOES
BAE SYSTEMS STING RAY
RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-50 ALWT
Advanced lightweight torpedo developed for the Royal Navy’s helicopters and
ships and the RAF’s Nimrod MPAs. Recently upgraded from Mod 0 to Mod 1
standard to improve shallow water capability and countermeasures rejection
Performance: speed, range, endurance and diving depth all classified, the last
described simply as ‘deep’ Propulsion: battery-operated pump-jet propulsor
Warhead: directed energy (shaped-charge), weight and configuration classified
Guidance: active (FM) and passive on-board sonar Length: 8 ft Diameter: 12 in
Platforms: Sting Ray can be adapted to launch from both helicopters (Lynx,
Sea King, EH101) and fixed-wing aircraft (Nimrod, P3 Orion, Fokker 27).
EUROTORP A244/S Mod 3a
Helicopter-launched torpedo developed by Whitehead for both shallow and
deep water ASW Performance: details of speed, diving depth, range and
endurance classified Propulsion: Electrically-driven propeller Warhead:
compact-charge Guidance: CAICIO-S active, passive and mixed-mode sonar
incorporating adaptive search patterns Length: 2.7 m Diameter: 32.4 cm
Platforms: AS-61, AB-212 ASW, Lynx, Cougar and Panther.
62
Advanced Light Weight Torpedo developed for US Navy to counter fast, deep
diving submarines and provide good shallow water performance. In production
Speed: More than 40 kt Depth: More than 600 m Propulsion: Closed-cycle
steam turbine, stored chemical energy source Warhead: shaped-charge
Guidance: active/passive sonar Length: 2.9 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: 363
kg Platforms: Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk family. MK-50 is shown in the centre of
the photograph.
RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-54 LIGHTWEIGHT HYBRID TORPEDO
The Mk 54 LHT is described as the US Navy’s ‘next-generation, low cost ASW
weapon. Optimised to attack slow, quiet submarines in shallow, noisy littoral
waters, it combines technologies from the Mk 50 ALWT (above) and the
submarine-launched Mk 48 ADCAP heavyweight torpedo with the warhead and
propulsion subsystems of the Mk 46 (also above). Low-cost modifications can
convert existing Mk 46 torpedoes into Mk 54 LHTs, says Raytheon Length: 2.6
m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg. MK-54 is shown on the right of the
photograph.
63
SPECIFICATIONS » Torpedoes
RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES – kolibri
helicopter
The Gidropribor Central Research Institute in St Petersburg has developed most of Russia’s torpedoes, including air launched
weapons. The following data are provisional.
specifications
Smaller, lighter active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo whose original design dates from the late 1970s, possibly based
on clandestinely acquired US Mk 46 Mod 0. Designed for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 330 mm Weight: 246 kg
Length: 2.7 m Warhead: 44 kg HE Detection range: around 1 km Max operating depth: around 450 m Range: up to 8 km Speed:
45 kts APR-2 fast, short-range, ASW torpedo with active and passive acoustic homing system. Believed to have entered service in
the 1980s. Designed for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters Diameter: 350 mm Weight: 575 kg Length: 3.7 m Warhead: 100 kg HE
Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: >600 m Range: 1.5 to 2 km Speed: 62 kts Power source: solid rocket,
probably exhausting through turbine to drive propeller APR-3A 1990s-vintage active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo
for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 355 mm Weight: 450 kg Length: 3.2 m Warhead: 76 kg HE Detection range:
around 2,000 m Max operating depth: around 800 m Power source: solid rocket-driven gas turbine.
weapon
specifications
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgS
sensors
RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES –VTT-1 (T-67 STRIZH)
A passive and active acoustic homing ASW weapon designed for helicopter use that entered service around 1976, the VTT-1 was
based on the earlier AT-1 with the addition of wire guidance Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 540 kg Warhead: 70 kg HE Detection
range: 500 to 1,000 m Max operating depth: around 200 m max Range: 5 km Speed: 28 kts. Power source: silver/zinc battery
AT-3 with greater speed, range and depth capability than the VTT-1, AT-3 passive and active acoustic homing ASW torpedo entered
service in the early 1980s, intended for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 698 kg Length: 3.8 m
Warhead: 60 kg HE Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: around 500 m Range: 8 km Speed: 41 kts Power
source: silver/magnesium seawater battery.
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
guide to military
helicopter fleets
guide to SUPPLIERS
PRODUCT GUIDE
SAAB TORPEDO 45
Torpedo 45 is a 400 mm torpedo intended for ASW and surface targets providing multiple target active/passive homing combined
with wire guidance. It is launched from a variety of platforms such as: stationary, surface vessels, submarines and helicopters
including Swedish Air Force Hkp4 (Kawasaki-built Boeing 107s).
EQUIPMENT
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgs
Night vision goggles are essential to modern military helicopter operations, while
all current attack helicopter development and upgrade programmes specify
helmet-mounted display systems. These are creeping into tactical utility
helicopters too.
They usually combine primary flight symbology with means of projecting images
from night vision goggles and thermal imagers. The most advanced systems
project the imagery onto the visor giving more space in front of the wearer’s eyes
and minimising the chances of injury in an impact. Most make use of an inner
shell fitted to the individual and an outer containing the expensive hardware that
stays with the aircraft. These systems have a big part to play in future helicopter
machine interfaces.
Equipment is split into two sections:
± Helmet-mounted displays
± Night vision goggles
64
the editor.
SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems
Integrated helmet systems « SPECIFICATIONS
AERO SOLUTIONS AEROVISION
EFW M142 Integrated Helmet And Display Sight System (IHADSS)
HMD interchangeable with ANVIS NVGs, fits goggle mount on Gentex helmet for example. High res LCDs can accept up to four
video sources including colour TV and FLIR. See through display claimed distortion free. Provides 30 deg FoV for each eye with
100% overlap and focused at 11 ft to minimise eye strain, needs no inter pupil adjustment and can be worn with glasses. Light
output is NVG compatible so will not interfere with other crew members’ goggles. Manufacturer says it can replace instrument
panel MFDs. Weight: less than 8 oz. Resolution: 180,000 pixels per LCD panel.
Monocular system used in all current variants of Apache and Mangusta attack
helicopters, now subject to a major upgrade to be carried out by EFW Inc.
Stage 1 of the upgrade makes it compatible with the Apache’s MTADS
Arrowhead PNVS thermal imaging and LLLTV sensors, which have much higher
resolution than the earlier TADS sensors. Further upgrading will replace the
electro-optical head tracker with an electro-magnetic head tracker, and could
include replacement of the helmet shell and liner system. These upgrades will
reduce weight and take care of obsolescence problems. The Helmet Display
Unit attaches to the side of the helmet and feeds pilotage, navigation and
weapon aiming symbology and imagery from the PNVS FLIR to the
crewmember’s right eye via a half mirror optical combiner. Can be coupled to pilotage and targeting sensors, turret guns and airto-air missile seekers. Originally developed by Honeywell for Apache. Field of view: 40° x 30°. Head tracker: electro-optical.
BAE SYSTEMS Q-SIGHT
ELBIT SYSTEMS ANVIS/HUD
Q-Sight is a new family of monocular/binocular helmet sight products designed
for ‘plug-and-play’ attachment to standard helmets and making use of patented
holographic waveguide technology. It weighs less than four ounces and has no
bulky projection optics, minimising neck strain and centre-of-gravity issues. A
large exit-pupil eases the transition between day and night during flight.
Modular design allows new capabilities to be added easily. It is compatible with
any cockpit with either stroke or raster video connections. Symbology drawing
capability is unlimited and the display can be fitted on either side, allowing the
pilot to choose his or her dominant eye. Q-Sight is compatible with NVG.
Helmet tracking capability can be added by fixing tracking pads to the helmet.
DENEL OPTRONICS Archer
The helicopter range provides visor-projected displays and night vision
enhancement with night vision goggles to provide day and night display
capability. Turreted weapons and sensors are slaved to the user’s line of sight
via optical head tracker integrated on the HMDS. The HMDS consist of a twopart helmet system: Inner contains the audio and life-support equipment:
Outer contains the optical head tracker, CRTs, optical modules, night vision
cameras and electronics. Using the same inner, outers can be configured to
cater for differing user and mission requirements. Helmet-Mounted Sight
(HMS) providing a fixed-legend display; Helmet-Mounted Display and Sight
(HMDS) providing a dynamic display of weapon, navigation, aircraft and flight
information; Night Vision Display System (NVDS) providing for clip-on night vision goggles and full symbology displays.
DENEL OPTRONICS SCOUT
ELBIT SYSTEMS DAY HUD / night hud
DAY HUD
Maximises safety and situational awareness during daytime operations, a ‘plug and play’ module
to the same night interface, compatible with any standard NVG or ANVIS helmet. See-through Field of view: 25 deg outside the clear or dark visor Display types: stroke or raster Flight Panel
Display (FPD), Contrast ratio: 1.4:1 Min. (at 10,000 FC), Lightweight: less than 230 g. Quick
disconnect for safe egress.
NIGHT HUD
An advanced, performance-proven electro-optical aiming sight and aircraft flight instrumentation,
quick mount on any NVG, lightweight (less than 70 gr), and flexible. Flight Panel Display (FPD)
technology. Field of view: 32° over 40° night vision.
ELBIT SYSTEMS HELIDASH
A helmet-mounted cueing and observation system for application in the police,
civil, and SAR markets. The system cues a helicopter observation system
directly towards an area of interest providing immediate acquisition and
tracking of any moving or stationary item, significantly reducing the observer’s
workload and acquisition time.
66
A standard safe helicopter aviator, head out, day and night helmet mounted
display system which projects aircraft flight symbology into standard night
vision goggles. The system is already operational on over 5,000 helicopters
and 25 different platforms. Features: 24-hour operational capability from a
single integrated system, independent pilot and copilot/gunner displays. Power:
28 VDC, < 35 W, Mil Std 704A. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, ARINC 429m RS 422,
analogue, discrete and synchro. The system supports a full pilots’ head tracking
(LOS) via a single card that slides into the SDC spare slot.
HeliDASH is a modular day/night display and sight helmet designed specifically
for helicopter applications. It provides the pilot with high-resolution night
vision, symbology, day symbology, accurate aiming and cueing via an
electromagnetic Line-of-sight tracker. HeliDASH integrates the operational
capabilities of proven HMDs, DASH, and ANVIS-HUD systems in a single stateof-the-art unit. Reduces pilot workload by displaying flight-critical information
at eye level. Single compact electronic unit drives pilot and copilot helmet
systems. Plug & play with installed ANVIS-HUD systems. Features a clear/dark
visor. Single LRU drives both display and LOS for pilot and copilot. Night
module: ANVIS-HUD with electromagnetic LOS. Day module: DASH 20° FOV
visor-projected symbology.
67
SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems
ELBIT SYSTEMS MIDASH
Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS
FSUEA 2031
Modular Integrated Display Advanced Sight Helmet designed to provide
helicopter pilots with binocular imagery, symbology and magnetic Head
Tracker for both day and night operation. The system includes a standard shell
helmet with a personal fitting device, helicopter retained optical units (HRU)
and a vest mounted unit (VMU). A stand-alone mode allows operation outside
helicopter. Display is based on two image intensifiers and a single CRT tube for
symbology, both projected on combiners. Night image FOV: 50 deg x 40 deg .
Daytime FOV: 120 deg x 70 deg. Symbology FOV: 30 deg. Weight: helmet and
HRUs a total of 2.2 kg. Eye Relief: 50 mm.
Russian binocular night vision goggles for piloting helicopters and light aircraft at low altitude, offered with either Gen II or Gen III
tubes for low price. Manufactured by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Alpha, Moscow. Field of view: 38°. Magnification: unitary.
Resolution: 30 lines per mm. Light gain: factor 20,000. Recognition distance, normal night illumination (0.005 lux): trunk
800 to 1,100 m, plane 500 to 600 m. Interpupillary adjustment range: 56 to 72.2 m. Diopter setting: +/- 3.5 diopters. Eye relief: 15
to 20 mm. Voltage supply: on-board DC power supply (voltage adapter is provided) 24.0 to 29.4 V - autonomous power supply (two
AA cells) 2.2 to 3.2 . Continuous operation: (autonomous mode) - > 3 hours to > 8 hours. Weight: goggles 0.60 kg - counterbalance
0.57 kg - voltage adapter with a cable 0.35 kg. Dimensions: 110x135x125 mm.
ROCKWELL COLLINS EyeHUD Helmet Mounted Display (HMD)
Geophyzika GEO-NVG-III
A compact, light-weight, low-cost monocular display ideally suited for rotorcraft and combat
support aircraft. Specifically designed to attached to the standard ANVIS Night Vision Goggle
(NVG) mount, the EyeHUD HMD provides crew members basic HUD capability (aircraft flight,
engine performance and weapons symbology) in both day and night operations. Designed to
accommodate a wide range of aircraft configurations and mission requirements, the core
EyeHUD system can be expanded to include head tracking. EyeHUD can be used with all military
aviator helmets and provides full ranges of interpupillary distance (IPD), and vertical
adjustments. Core system components: display module, day mount, night adapter, display
drive module, helmet to vehicle interface (cable), advanced symbol generator, mounting tray.
Optional components: head tracking system. Features: FOV: 20 degrees (day)/35 degrees
(night), exit pupil: 15mm, eye relief: 60mm, flip-up capability, left/right eye all modes, contrast ratio: 1.4 @ 10,000 fL.
Russian Gen 3 goggles used in upgrade packages for Russian Mi-24/35. Image intensifier: Gen 3 (with gallium arsenide
photocathode). Luminous sensitivity at 2,856°K: 1,200 microamps per lumen. Radiant sensitivity at 830 nanometres: 120
microamps per Watt. Field of view: 40°. Objective lens: 25 mm, F1.1. Eyepiece lens: 25 mm Eye relief: 43 mm. Diopter
adjustment: +/-4. Exit pupil: 10 mm. Ambient light range: 10-5 to 10 lx. Power supply: 2 AA batteries.Weight: 780 g.
THALES TOPOWL
ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-6 (F4210)
Binocular Helmet-Mounted Sight/Display operating on Tiger, NH90, Rooivalk
and selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y.
Display module projects IR and NVG imagery plus flight and weapon aiming
symbology onto visor. Features: Wide field-of-view in a light helmet; basic
helmet fitted for each pilot, and a display module that remains in helicopter;
compatible with NBC kits, head-in displays and aircrew equipment. Image
intensifier tubes integrated with display module. Integrated cursive symbol
generator provides clear symbology, even in full daylight. Binocular: 100%
overlap. FOV: O 40°. Eye relief: 60 mm. Exit pupil: full field. Display
capabilities: cursive symbology, raster video image, integrated image intensifiers. Head supported mass: 2.0 kg.
Spectral Response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of View: 40 deg .
Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.3 cy/mr (cycles per miliradian) minimum.
Brightness gain: 5500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre Adjustment: +2 to -6 dioptres.
Inter pupiladjustment: 51 to 72 mm. Fore-and-Aft Adjustment: 27 mm range.
Tilt Adjustment: 10 deg minimum. Exit Pupil/Eye Relief On-axis: 14 mm @
25-mm distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25-mm distance. Automatic Breakaway at
11 to 15 g. Operating endurance: nominally 30 hours under standard conditions.
Batteries: 2 x AA size alkaline or lithium (BA-5567). Clip-on power source
option allows hand-held use.
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
FENN NIGHT VISION LTD NG 2000/2000A
ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-9 (F4949 SERIES)
Lightweight (under 600g), low-profile high-performance NVG system designed
for extended mission profiles in space-restricted aircraft. Offers a wide FoV of
45 deg at 30 mm eye relief, high-quality, low distortion image. Most of weight is
close to head, reducing head moment. Gen III, Omnibus IV technology, high
resolution through state-of-the-art optics. HUD compatible, works over -32 to
+52 deg C temperature range. Scene illumination: 10-6 fc. Spectral response:
visible to 0.90 microns.Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.5 cy/mr minimum.
Brightness gain: 3,000 fl/fl minimum. Dioptre adjustment: +2 to -3.5D. Inter
pupil adjustment: 52 to 72 mm. Tilt adjustment: 8 deg minimum. Power
supply: independent ocular supply 2.7 to 3 VDC- 40 mA. Battery type: 2 x
lithium half-size 2.7 V. Weight: 590 g. Distortion: less than 3% across FOV.
Spectral response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of view: 40 deg .
Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.30 cy/mr minimum (1.36 typical).
Brightness gain: 5,500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre adjustment: minimum range
+2.0 to -6.0. Inter pupil adjustment: independent, 51 to 72 mm total. Vertical
adjustment: 25 mm range. Fore-and-aft adjustment: 27 mm range. Tilt
adjustment: 10 deg range. Exit pupil/eye relief on axis: 14 mm @ 25 mm
distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25 mm distance. Automatic breakaway: 11 to 15 g.
Batteries: 2 x AA size, alkaline. Weight of binocular: 550 g (max). Weight of
mount: 330 g. Operating temperature range: -32 deg C to +52 deg C.
68
69
SPECIFICATIONS » Night vision goggles
NEW NOGA LIGHT (2000) LTD NL-93 ANVIS Goggles Aviator goggles for both helicopter and fixed-wing pilots. In service with Israeli
forces and export customers. Available with a wide range of image tubes. Field
of view: 40 deg . Magnification: 1 +/-5%. Resolution (minimum): 0.77 cy/mr
with36 lp/mm Gen II+ tubes, 0.96 cy/mr with 45 lp/mm Super Gen II tubes, 1.2
cy/mr with 55 lp/mm XD-4 tubes, 1.3 cy/mr with 64 lp/ mm Gen III tubes.
Brightness gain (minimum): 2,200 fL/fL (Gen II+), 2,600 fL/fL (Super Gen II),
3,200 fL/fL (XD-4), 3,600 fL/fL (Gen III). Exit pupil: 6mm. Eye relief: 25 mm.
Automatic breakaway: 10-15 G. Binocular weight: ≤ 570 g. Mount weight: ≤
150 g. Power source: AA alkaline or lithium batteries.
NEWCON OPTIK NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
The NVS 6 night vision goggles provide a safe piloting of helicopters and low
attitude planes at night or in low light conditions with two Gen II + or Gen III
advanced image intensifier tubes. The mounting systems allows quick
attachment of the goggles to the head helmet and possibility to flip the goggles
up for unobstructed vision. The unit can use standard AA batteries or an onboard (27 V) power. The device has passed all applicable test and has been
accepted for use by several armies around the world. Magnification: 1x Field of
view: 40º Lens aperture: 25 mm Exit pupil: 8 mm Eye relief: 22 mm Dyoptric
correction: +/- 4 IPD range: 56-72 mm Focus range: 250 mm to infinity Power
supply: 2AA Operational temperature: -40º C to +55º C Weight: 0.610 kg
Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS
SAGEM DÉFENSE SÉCURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP) CN2H-AA Mk II Pilot NVG
The latest version of the CN2H, designed for use at night by both helicopter
and transport aircraft pilots. Various versions to meet specific pilot
requirements. They can fit a variety of helmets (OS 458 and 459, Gallet LH
250, Alpha, Gentex, SPH3, SPH4, SPH5, HGU-55, ZSh-5, etc) with their
dedicated interfaces. Power supply module: mounted at the rear of the helmet
to balance the goggles (1.5 V AA batteries, 3 V or 3.5 V lithium batteries, or
aircraft 28 V supply. Intensified imager (I2) tubes: 3rd generation of super Gen
Tubes, XD-4, XR-5 or HX-72. Performance depends on image intensifier tubes.
An internal filter can be coated on the goggle optics to ensure JVN
compatibility with aircraft onboard lighting. FoV: 40 deg or 50 deg.
Magnification: x 1. Gain: >2,700 (3rd generation tubes). Gain Match: <50%. Weight: goggles only 590 g, power pack 150 g, helmet
set 100 g. Eye relief: 20 mm.
SENSOR TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS (STS) AN/PVS-21
Low profile (less than 8 cm deep) night vision goggle designed to allow aggressive
movements in rough terrain. Beam combiner system reduces the distance the
goggle projects from the face, enables seamless ops during transitional
environments such as dusk and dawn and allows overlay of intensified / unintensified images. It is compatible with existing head straps and helmets, and has
a low moment arm compared to conventional NV equipment. Rugged and selfcontained, it is waterproof to 1 atm (10 m). It uses conventional batteries (a single
AA, 1.5V alkaline or 3.6V lithium) and features IR LEDs for operation in zero-light
areas. Intensified Field-of-view (FoV): 40º +/- 2”. Un-aided FoV: 165º horizontal
& 90º vertical. Objective focus: 33 cm to infinity. Resolution at infinity: 1.2 cy/mr.
Exit pupil: 10 mm on axis. Eye Relief: approx. 15 mm. Adjustments: Tilt - 14º total travel on goggle IPD - 55 mm to 75 mm. Mounts:
ballistic and aviation helmets, head straps and harnesses.
NORTHROP GRUMMAN LITTON EOS M949 Aviator’s Goggle AN/AVS-9
Scene illumination: 10 -6 to 1 fc. Spectral response: visible to 0.9 µm.
Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.30 cy/mr minimum.
Brightness gain: 5,500 fL/fl minimum. Dioptre adjustment: +2.0 to -6.
Inter pupil adjustment: 51 - 72mm independent. Vertical adjustment: 16
or 25 mm, model dependent. Fore-and-aft adjustment: 27mm. Tilt
adjustment: 10 deg minimum. Exit pupil/eye relief on axis: 14mm @ 25mm.
Full-field: 6mm @ 25mm. Automatic breakaway at 11 to 15 g. Battery voltage
2.7 to 3.0 volts DC. Battery type: AA Alkaline. Weight of binocular: 540 g.
Weight of mount: 330 g.
OIP SENSOR SYSTEMS Helimun
High performance night vision system for helicopter pilots, available with 40°
and super-wide 60° field of view. Features new XD-4 or XR-5 image intensifiers
and a new ANVIS type bracket. Magnification: unity. Resolution: 0.8 mrad/lp
or better for 40° goggle, 1.1 for 60° goggle. Dioptre adjustment: -5 to +2 for
40° goggle, -6 to +3 for 60° goggle. Inter-pupil adjustment: 52 to 76 mm. Tilt
adjustment: 10° minimum. Exit pupil: 10 mm. Eye relief: 26 mm for 40°
goggle, 19 mm for 60° goggle. Focal range: 25 cm to infinity. IR LED
incorporated. Minus blue filter. Weight excluding battery pack on back of
helmet 610 g. Batteries: 2 x AA alkaline. Can be adapted to all pilots’ helmets.
70
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Civil Helicopter Handbook
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Aviation Handbook
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71
helicopter
specifications
weapon
specifications
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgS
sensors
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
guide to military
helicopter fleets
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guide to SUPPLIERS
PRODUCT GUIDE
SPECIFICATIONS
SENSORS
A selection of major radars and electro-optical sensor systems with significant
military capabilities now in service on helicopters or under development for
helicopter applications.
Systems are listed in alphabetical order by manufacturer. A small lexicon of radar
terminology found in the entries is included.
Equipment is split into two sections:
± Radars
± Electro-optical systems
the editor.
SPECIFICATIONS » Radars
Terminology
Radars « SPECIFICATIONS
RADARS
» RAYTHEON ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
AN SERIES
Beam sharpening
a range of signal processing
techniques to improve accuracy,
includes Doppler BS
Clutter
unwanted echoes from sea/land
surface, etc
Coherent
term used for pulses with a
known phase relationship, usually
fragments of a continuous sine
wave, essential for pulse
compression and Doppler
filtering, desirable for moving
target indication processing
Constant false
alarm rate
processing
automatic adjustment of
detection threshold to maintain
pre-selected false alarm rate as
clutter levels vary
CW (continuous
wave)
an uninterrupted sine wave
signal, as opposed to interrupted
(ICW) or a pulsed signal
Doppler effect
frequency change in reflected
signal when radar and target are
moving towards or away from
each other
Frequency agility
the ability to change frequency
rapidly, makes radar harder to
intercept and jam, reduces clutter
Paraboloid
antenna shape incorporating
parabolic curves
Pulse
a burst of radar energy
Pulse compression
a technique for discriminating
between targets close together in
range. Front of reflected pulse
delayed in receiver more than the
rear of the same pulse
Scan-to-scan
integration
returns from successive scans
over a short period are stored
and added together, echoes from
real targets reinforce each other,
those from clutter are random
and don’t
Synthetic aperture
and inverse
synthetic aperture
radar (SAR and
ISAR)
a system that uses platform
motion (SAR) or target motion
(ISAR) to simulate a very large
antenna (aperture). Successive
returns are added and processed
to remove Doppler distortion,
producing an image good enough
for high-resolution mapping
(SAR) or target classification
(ISAR)
74
» HONEYWELL AEROSPACE
AN/APN-215V and AN/APN-234
Maritime search, weather avoidance and ground mapping radar
family. Only APN-234 model has maritime search capability.
Frequency: 9.3 GHz (I band). Power: 10 kW peak output. Antenna:
flat plate with various size options, 120° azimuth scan coverage.
Range: 240 nm. Weight: 35.3 lb divided among three modules:
transceiver, colour control and display unit (CDU) and antenna
system, or 39 lb with auxiliary interface unit. Options: auxiliary
interface unit allowing integrated display of nav information from
other sensors, and providing general check list functions.
» IAI ELTA ELECTRONICS
EL/M-2022A
Maritime surveillance radar family. Modes: long range
surveillance and ASW, navigation and weather, maritime moving
target indication, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, ISAR and
range profile classification, beacon interrogation. Features: Low
false alarm rate, multi-target track while scan (TWS) of up to 100
targets, expand and freeze, sector/full scan, detection and track
accuracies compatible with electro-optical systems, ECCM (low
probability of intercept, low sidelobe levels. Interfaces: MIL-STD1553B, RS-422. Optional features: airborne targets detection,
IFF interrogator compatibility, control interface to electrooptical system, integrated radar and optical sensor video
display, different video interface standards. Variants: (V)1
detection range (Sea State 3) of 55 nm (small ships), 50 target
TWS, power requirement 1 KW, weighs 65-70 kg; (V)2 detection
of 1 m2 target in SS3 at 25 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2
KW, weight 89-98 kg; (V)3 1 m2 target in SS3 at 28 nm, small
ships at 80 nm, needs 2.3 kW, weighs 95-103 kg. Growth
potential: spare memory space and computing power, different
video interface standards.
ASW and ASuW radars derived from AN/APS-137. Designed for
detection of periscopes exposed for under 5 sec. Transmitter:
coherent, 500 kW peak, 500 W average power. Frequency: 9.5-10
GHz, linear FM, fixed or agile. Antenna: stabilised, n x 360° scan,
6, 60, and 300 rpm, sector scans, 34.5 dB gain. Receiver: linear
FM pulse compression, automatic gain control, constant false
alarm rate. Digital signal processing: high resolution scan-toscan integration, multi-target track-while-scan, optional SAR and
ISAR. Display processing: PPI and B scan, multiple highresolution video formats, optional ISAR with range profile, video
freeze. Standard interfaces: 1553, ARINC 407 synchro, RS-232,
RS-343, RS-170 video. Detection ranges: periscope, Sea State 4,
25 nm; large patrol boat, SS4, 75 nm; destroyer in SS5, 170 nm.
Modes: periscope/small target, surface surveillance, nav/
weather, image. Options: custom antenna installations, classifywhile-scan, coherent look-down air target detection and tracking,
ISAR, SAR, DBS, GMTI, image classification, control and display.
AN/APQ-174
Multi-mode radar for special operations, derived from LANTIRN
terrain following (TF) radar. Modes: standby, terrain following
(normal, power management, weather penetration), terrain
avoidance (TA), ground mapping (GM), air-to-ground ranging,
beacon interrogation, weather detection, TF/TA, TF/GM, TF/
Beacon, TF/weather. Set clearances: 100, 150, 200, 300, 500 ft.
Turning flight capability: use of terrain storage for pre-turn
and turn-back status, 5.5°/sec turn rate. Weather performance:
selectable circular polarisation, works despite 10 mm/hr rain.
Features: high ECM resistance, semi-covert operation (power
management), low reflectivity terrain performance, Mil Std 1553
interface. Fail safe: extensive internal monitoring, periodic and
initiated BIT, end-to-end test. Modules: Pod, Radar Interface
Unit, Pressurisation unit. Weight: 250 lb. Size: pod 13 in
diameter, 43 in long, RIU 30 x 9 x 14 in. Power: 115 VAC 400 Hz
2,100VA, 28 VDC 38 W. MTBF: 144 hours specified.
AN/APS-124
» LOCKHEED MARTIN MISSILES AND FIRE
CONTROL
LONGBOW (AN/APG-78)
Millimetre wave fire control radar in production for the AH-64D
Longbow Apache attack helicopter. Survivability: a seven-fold
improvement over AH-64A. Automatically detects, prioritises
and classifies the highest priority targets. Reduces exposure
(inside threat timelines). Is effective against ground and air
targets. Has selectable automatic prioritisation. Has a low
probability of being intercepted. Passively locates and attacks
emitters (with radar frequency interferometer). Continuous
operations: adds adverse weather capability. Penetrates
battlefield obscurants. Provides 24 hour capability. Lethality:
four-fold improvement in lethality. Cues fire-and-forget MMW
Longbow Hellfire missile (AGM-114L). Improves rate of fire.
Places more effective fire on targets at maximum range of 8
km. Combined arms: provides target cueing information by
digital means to combined arms team. Increases combined arms
kills. Is a true force multiplier. Is a major contributor to the
digitised battlefield. Attack zones and no fire zones
automatically displayed.
Long range maritime search and targeting radar originally
developed for US Navy Seahawk. Modes: long range search (2
microsecond pulse duration, pulse repetition frequency of 470
Hz, 6 rpm scan rate, 296 km max display range); medium range
search (1 microsecond pulse duration, 940 Hz, 12 rpm scan rate,
74 km max display range), fast scan surveillance (0.5 microsecond
pulse duration, 1,880 Hz, 120 rpm). Antenna: stabilised linear
array in belly radome, 360° scan capability. Features: High mean
output power, good clutter rejection for detection of small targets
in high sea states, digital scan converter for scan-to-scan
integration, datalink for communication and operation as shiphelicopter team for missile targeting and submarine hunting.
Helicopter installations: US Navy SH-60B, Spanish Navy S-70B-1.
Sea Vue
Family of maritime surveillance radars. Frequency: 9.4 GHz to
9.8 GHz. Features: SeaVizon, a combination of parameters and
signal processing designed for superior target detection in all
sea states. Adaptive aperture ISAR for imaging from zero to
very high sea states. Performance: typical detection ranges in
sea state 3: Man in life raft 30 nm, Patrol boat 95 nm, Tanker
230 nm. Modes: small target detection, surface surveillance,
navigation and mapping, weather avoidance, ISAR with Range
Profiling, SAR. Display: colour or monochrome flat panel, PPI
and B-scan presentations, multiple high resolution video
formats, ISAR image, range profiling (A-scan) presentation in
addition to ISAR images, SAR map. Full coherent operation for
ISAR, SAR and Moving Target Detection. Transmitter: coherent,
solid state, grid modulator TWT Power: 8kW, 15 kW, or 50 kW
peak. Antenna: stabilised, parabolic or flat plate, 360-degree
scan at 6 RPM, 60 RPM or 120 RPM. Has sector and searchlight
capability, integral IFF. Receiver-Exciter-SynchronizerProcessor (RESP): linear FM pulse compression, Digital pulse
compression, Sensitivity Time Control (STC), Automatic Gain
Control (AGC). Line replaceable units: antenna 23 kg,
Transmitter 30 kg, RESP 37 kg. Standard Interfaces: ARINC
429, RS-232, RS-422, MIL-STD-1553, RS-170 Video, RS-343 Video,
STANAG 33508. Available Enhancements include: Moving
Target Discriminator, ISAR Classification Aids, Digital map
coastline overlay, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS), Coherent
look-down air target detection and tracking.
» SELEX SENSORS AND AIRBORNE SYSTEMS
BLUE KESTREL
Pulse compression maritime surveillance radar in the UK Royal
Navy’s EH101 Merlin helicopters. The COTS processor used in the
Blue Kestrel radar is based on the Seaspray 3600 and Seaspray
7000E series of processors. Missions: anti-submarine warfare,
anti-surface-vessel warfare, surveillance, search and rescue.
Frequency: 8-10 GHz (I band). Antenna: flat-plate, planar array,
360° scan. Transmitter: travelling wave tube with low peak
power but high mean power. Weight: (complete system) <100 kg
divided among four line-replaceable units (LRUs). Features:
pulse compression, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) processing,
multiple target track-while-scan, operator selectable scan-toscan integration, ISAR imaging, range profiling, SAR Mapping,
four line-replaceable units (LRUs), high gain receiver, digital
processor. Interfaces: Mil-Std 1553B databus connects radar
with Merlin’s mission avionics management system. Range: 200
nm. Options and Growth: Automatic image classification, EScan
antenna, etc. Status: initial deliveries complete and system
being sustained and enhanced via the Merlin CSP programme.
SEASPRAY 3000 family (includes Seaspray 3600)
Formerly known as Seaspray Mk3, this radar represents a major
upgrade of the Mk1 a new human/machine interface and a
digital signal processor. Like the Mk1, it is a sea surveillance and
missile targeting pulse radar. Frequency: 8-10 GHz (I band).
Antenna: paraboloid with 360° scan capability. Transmitter:
high-speed, spin-tuned magnetron, 90 kW peak output.
Features: high speed frequency agility and allows choice of four
PRFs and two pulse widths, constant false alarm rate (CFAR)
processing, operator selectable scan-to-scan integration, trackwhile scan, good performance in heavy sea clutter and ECM.
Modes: search, nav, missile guidance (monopulse lock-follow
illumination of target). Weight: 198 lb divided among six linereplaceable units (LRUs). Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B databus and
other standard interfaces. Display: monochrome or colour
tactical situation display, can show other sensor images.
Options: antenna sizes up to 1 m, display types, operator
selectable circular polarisation.
75
SEASPRAY 7000E family (consisting of Seaspray 6500E, 7000E and 7500E)
Active Electronically Scanned Array radar for helicopters, fixed
wing aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Designed to deliver
a wide range of surveillance capabilities to monitor land, sea
and air. All functions are software based, hardware is open
architecture using commercial off the shelf based processor
card to ease upgrades and side-step component obsolescence.
Said to offer ‘genuine multimode performance’ for less
complexity and cost than equivalent all-mechanically scanned
systems. Azimuth coverage uses a combination of electronic
and mechanical scanning, elevation scanning is all-electronic.
Numerous individual Transmit Receive Modules (TRMs) replace
conventional antenna. Weight: from 50kg. Features include
ISAR, SAR, GMTI, and various other surveillance modes.
Vixen 500E
Vixen 500E is a very capable Active Electronically Scanned
Array radar developed for the export fighter aircraft market.
Aimed primarily at light to medium weight aircraft this system
delivers significant performance and reliability improvements
over that delivered by conventional mechanically scanned
radars. The use of hundreds of TRM’s delivers a reliability much
higher than what can be realistically offered by conventional
mechanically scanned radars. Utilising the company standard
COTS based processor and common transmit receive modules
across the company’s range of E-Scan radars Vixen 500E is
available to meet the requirements of the 21st century.
Consisting of two primary LRUs with supporting cooling and
power units Vixen 500E can be easily installed with one of the
advantages being that no conventional waveguides are required.
Weight 100kg. Features : A-A, A-S modes, including SAR
mapping, Air Combat and Situational Awareness modes.
Options include ISAR imaging.
» SELEX SISTEMI INTEGRATI
APS-705/705A
Multi-mode maritime radar fitted to Agusta ASH-3D and AB-212
ASW helicopters. Missions: anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface
vessel warfare, search and rescue. Modes: search, navigation,
mapping, targeting. Frequency: 8-20 GHz (I to J band).
Antenna: line-of-sight stabilised, selectable rotation rates (20 or
40 rpm), manual tilt control giving +/- 20° movement in
elevation. Power: two 25 kW transceivers for frequency
diversity. Pulse width: 0.05 and 1.5 microseconds. Pulse
repetition frequency: 1,600 and 650 Hz. Weight: 80 kg.
Options: 75 kW frequency agile transmitter, integrated SMA
UPX 719 beacon system. Upgrade to 705A standard includes
digital processing and interfaces with other sensors and weapon
systems plus additional features: multiple target track-whilescan, colour display, freeze mode. Platforms: as of this edition,
APS-705A radars are reported to have been installed aboard AB
212 ASW (63 aircraft) and upgraded SH-3D helicopters of the
Italian Navy. APS-705 series radars are also likely to be fitted to
the AB 212 ASW helicopters operated by the Brazilian (10),
Greek (10), Iranian (at least 6), Peruvian (12) and Venezuelan (12)
navies.
76
APS-707
Light, compact, high-performance, multi-purpose maritime radar.
Missions: anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface vessel warfare,
SAR. Modes: search, targeting, navigation, mapping, IFF
interrogation. Frequency: 8-20 GHz (I/J band). Antenna:
stabilised unit with integrated IFF module, 360° rotation.
Features: advanced electronic counter-countermeasures
(ECCM), target designation for anti-ship missiles launched either
from the parent helicopter or a friendly surface vessel. Display:
raster scan with freeze mode. Options: integration of TV camera
or thermal imager video picture to aid target recognition, Mil Std
1553B databus interface. Helicopters: Italian Navy Agusta ASH3H anti-surface vessel warfare machines plus export customer.
APS-717
A range of search/surveillance and navigation radars also capable
of performing SAR, and targeting functions. Frequency: 8-20 GHz
(I/J band). Variants: APS-717(V) and APS-717(V)2. APS-717(V)
features: low weight, antenna gives 180° azimuth coverage and is
line-of-sight stabilised; constant false alarm rate processing, scanto-scan and pulse to pulse integration, colour display, freeze
mode. Interfaces: can be integrated with a thermal imager (to
obtain or provide pointing cues) and with the aircraft’s navigation
system. APS-717(V)2 features: as 717(V) but with n x 360°
instead of 180° azimuth coverage plus integration of night vision
sensors (thermal imager and low light level TV), and an RF output
for a VCR. Options: 32-target track-while-scan facility. Helicopter
installations: Italian Air Force combat SAR Agusta AS-61Rs,
Italian Ports Authority Agusta Bell 412.
HEW-784
Heliborne Early Warning radar for AEW version of Italian Navy’s
EH101, closely related to the MM/APS-784 above. Designed for
detection of both aircraft and missiles with extremely low radar
cross sections as well as surface targets. Frequency: X band.
Antenna: parabolic with 360° scan and sector scan capability.
Antenna is larger than that of MM/APS-784, requires 3m diameter
radome. Transmitter: coherent travelling wave tube type, with
very high average power. Features: pulse compression, pulse-topulse frequency agility, adaptive, multiple target look-up, lookdown air-to-air track-while-scan strategies, scan-to-scan
integration, datalink to task force surface ships. ISAR Display:
can feed digital multi-function displays. Two separate scan
converters for video displays, different formats and orientations
can be presented on each, integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the
aircraft as four separate line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil Std
1553B, multiple video outputs in standard format.
MM/APS-784
Pulse Doppler surface search radar for the Italian Navy’s EH101.
Designed to detect very small objects such as submarine
periscopes despite heavy sea clutter, rain and electronic
countermeasures. Modes: anti-surface vessel (including missile
launch assistance), anti-submarine warfare (periscope
detection), weather avoidance, navigation. Frequency: X band.
Antenna: parabolic with 360° scan and sector scan, 1.8 m
diameter radome. Transmitter: coherent travelling wave tube
type. Features: pulse compression, pulse-to-pulse frequency
agility, adaptive, multiple target track-while-scan strategies,
scan-to-scan integration. Display: can feed digital multi-function
displays. Two separate scan converters for video displays,
different formats and orientations can be presented on each,
integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the aircraft as four separate
line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, multiple video
outputs in standard format.
Radars « SPECIFICATIONS
P2132 CRESO
RDR-1400C
High resolution, pulse-Doppler battlefield surveillance radar, an
important component of the SORAO surveillance and target
acquisition subsystem. CRESO is a candidate for integration into
NATO’s Alliance Ground Surveillance system. Frequency: Xband. Transmitter: travelling wave tube type and frequency
agility over a very large bandwidth. Antenna: flat, slottedwaveguide planar array 2 m wide by about 35 cm high. Modes:
acquisition (medium res, wide scan), counting (high res, narrow
scan), memory and recall (replay up to 8 scans for analysis), and
expansion (improves res of previous scan). Features: Moving
Target Indication, high ECM resistance, pulse compression,
constant-false-alarm-rate. Range: around 100 km (degrades by
about 20% in rain of 20 mm/hour). Weight: around 140 kg total
in five line-replaceable units (LRUs). Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B
databus, linked to helicopter’s thermal imaging and ESM
systems. Helicopter: Agusta AB412.
Weather, search, navigation, beacon tracking; oil slick detection;
Frequency: I-band. Antenna: planar antenna in 4 different
sizes; sector scan 60 and 120 degrees; scan rate 28°/sec. PW:
0.5 and 2.35 microseconds; 200 nanosecond pulse available in 107 model. Power: 10 KW peak. Modes: weather, precise
groundmapping (2 modes); navigation; beacon navigation and
tracking; search; oil slick detection. Features: good surface
clutter rejection allowing detection of small boat and other SAR
type targets down to a minimum range of either 300 m or 150
m. Display: colour or monochrome; EFIS. Range: 160 nm
maximum. Weight: RDR-1400C-106 model at 34.1 lb; RDR-1400C107 model at 23.5 lb. Installations: 8,000 platforms; Cougar,
Super Puma, HH/MH-60, SH-3, Mi-7/8, LOH, EC-155, AB-212, AB412, EH-101 Cormorant, MBB-105, CN-235, C-295, C-130, Co-228,
Oryx, C-47, S-61; Status: -106 in production; -107 in production in
2001; more than 8,000 operational.
» TELEPHONICS CORPORATION
RDR-1500B/RDR-1553
AN/APS-143C(V)3 Ocean Eye
The newest addition to Telephonics’ family of Maritime,
Surveillance, Imaging and Tracking radars. Durable, light weight,
Low Probability of Interception multi mode radar. Ocean Eye
features a three-box system comprised of a Receiver/
Transmitter (R/T), Signal Processor (SP) and Antenna/Pedestal
(AP). It could be nose, belly or flush mounted. The APS-143C(V)3
has four standard modes of operation: Small Target, Search,
Weather and SART Beacon. Optional: Stripmap SAR, ISAR,
Range Profiling, IFF Interrogator; planned GMTI and AIS Mission
Diversity: Anti-Surface Warfare, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Proven
Small Target Detection, Anti-Mine Warfare, Combat Search and
Rescue, Long Range Maritime Surveillance and Identification,
Fisheries Protection, Coastal and Border Surveillance,
Contraband Control and Interdiction Display & Processing:
display scales: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256 nmi Performance:
Max. range over 200 nmi, Display range resolution: 0.01 nmi (1
meter for imaging option), Azimuth accuracy: 0,5 deg or better.
Frequency: X-band. Antenna: full 360 deg scan, stabilized, with
available Integrated IFF dipoles. Interfaces: MIL-STD-1553,
ARINC 429/571/575, IEEE-802 Ethernet, RS-232/422, Serial I/O.
Weight: 180 lb / 82 kg (with optional SAR / ISAR). Power:
required 115V, 400 Hz, 3-phase, 1.8 kVA and 28V, 12 A DC. MTBF:
800 hours for helicopters, 1400 hours for fixed-wings.
AN/APS-147(V)
New multi-mode maritime inverse SAR radar. Modes: target
imaging, small target/periscope detection, long range
surveillance, weather avoidance, all weather navigation, shortrange SAR, enhanced LPI search, target designation. Features:
high throughput signal and data processing; claims to detect
very small targets and display them with a resolution
unmatched by other radar; advanced processing claimed to
allow much lower output levels than traditional maritime radar
resulting in very low LPI. Installations: will upgrade 300 USN
SH-60R LAMPS MkIII helicopters. Status: Completed Technical
Evaluation and Operational Evaluations, entered full rate
production 2006.
78
Land and sea surveillance radar; optimised for medium to low
altitudes. Frequency: I band. Antenna: Phased array in 3
different sizes; pedestal for 360 deg and 120 sector scan. PRF:
200, 800 or 1,600 Hz; PW: 0.1, 0.5 or 2.35 microseconds.
Modes: surface search; terrain mapping; weather avoidance.
Range: 160 nm max. Features: RDR-1500B has optional 20target tracker; LCD colour display; map overlay; FLIR steering
and display; RDR-1553 built-in tracker and all interfaces for glass
cockpit integration. Modules: RDR-1500B has antenna/pedestal;
transceiver; processor; control unit; 6 in cockpit display; 9 in
operator display; new RDR-1553 model has only antenna/
pedestal; transceiver; processor. Weight: 75 lb for RDR-1500B;
50 lb for RDR1553. Installations: HH-65 Dolphin, Agusta A-109,
AB-412, AS-555N Fennec; An-32, AS-355, Super Puma, Cougar,
C-212, F-406, Do-228, P-166, Lynx 100, Sea King SH-3; Status:
RDR-1500B in full production; RDR-1553 in production 2001;
more than 300 operational.
RDR-1600
» THALES DETEXIS
» THALES SENSORS
DAV
SEARCHWATER 2000AEW
Rotor-mounted, air-to-air radar. Functions: detection,
recognition of aeroplanes and helicopters at low and very low
altitude; recognition, classification; missile approach warning;
air collision warning. Operational characteristics: all-weather;
very short reaction time; accurate threat localisation; easy
integration into weapon system; missile envelope calculation;
low false alarm rate; low probability of intercept; jammer
rejection, no increase to helicopter’s RCS. Transmitter: solid
state source, transistorised amplifier, frequency agile. Antenna:
rotates with main rotor, 24° elevation coverage, weight; under
60 kg, power under 800 W, diameter; 90 cm, height 42 cm.
Receiver: low noise, superheterodyne. Doppler analysis: digital
processing with FFT. Helicopter identification: blade flashes
analysis. Target designation data: azimuth, elevation, range,
speed, accuracy sufficient for AAM lock on, EO system pointing.
Interface: 3 MCU ARINC 600 box, 5 kg, 1553B databus.
Heliborne Airborne Early Warning (AEW) radar selected for
upgrade of UK Royal Navy’s AEW Sea King fleet to AEW Mk7
standard. A highly mobile gap filler for Battlespace Management
Command and Control (BMC2) Operational roles: warning
against low level attack; intercept direction of fighter aircraft,
autonomous secure air defence command and control unit;
maritime surveillance system offering detection of very small
targets, even periscopes, in high sea states; over-the-horizon
targeting, search and rescue and coastal surveillance. Modes:
air-to-air (look-up and look-down), maritime surveillance (ASW
and ASuW) in littoral or open water. Ground Moving Target
Indicator (GMTI), Air MTI, and Surface MTI for detection of small
and slow moving targets. Navigation and ground mapping,
target classification, weather, beacon homing. Features: pulse
Doppler/pulse envelope interlacing. Can discriminate between
high velocity airborne targets and lower velocity land and sea
targets, and can detect small targets in sub-land and sea clutter.
Integrated Mk XII IFF, INS/GPS, Link 16. Automatic Identification
System (AIS) and Improved Data Modem (IDM) data links.
Operator facilities: large, high res flatpanel colour displays and
interactive control panels. Highly modular and can be fitted to a
wide range of fixed and rotary wing aircraft.
HORIZON
I-band long range ground surveillance radar. Primary sensor of
HORIZON system mounted on Eurocopter AS 532UL Cougar and
feeding information to ground station in 5-ton truck via
datalink. Frequency: I/J band. Range: 200 km (clear weather),
150 km (rain and clouds). Resolution: 40 m in range, 2 m/s in
velocity. Operating modes: high resolution ground mapping,
moving target indication (MTI), fixed echo indication, electronic
intelligence (ELINT). Scanning: combined mechanical and
electronic, sector width up to 360°, any sector axis, rate 2°, 4°
or 8°/sec. Coverage: panoramic surveillance of 20,000 km2 in
10 seconds. Continuous or ‘snapshot’ surveillance. Target
location, classification and speed measurement while scanning.
Classification: three categories; helicopters, wheeled and
tracked vehicles, others. Survivability: ultra low sidelobe
antenna, frequency agility, ‘snapshot’ mode. Datalink range:
100-150 km.
Search and Rescue, Weather Avoidance Radar System selected
for Danish EH-101s. Designed for operation in both helicopters
and fixed-wing aircraft, the RDR-1600 accommodates today’s
modern glass configured flight decks and multi-function
displays. Utilising the latest mechanical packaging techniques
and surface mount technology, the RDR-1600 provides
maximum performance with a 25% reduction in weight and
power consumption compared with competitors, says the
company. Offers a minimum detection range of 450 feet for
precision approach landings, ‘half that of current industry
standards’.
OCEAN MASTER
RDR-1700
SARIS
The RDR-1700 multi-mode, X-band radar has a flexible design
that allows installation in helicopters as well as fixed-wing
aircraft for support of search and rescue activities that require
detection of small vessels. The system has an integral target
tracking capability. At a weight of less than 35 kg and with three
search modes and 360-degree digital colour scanning.
Sea surveillance radar for detection of all types of targets
(including small ones) in all sea states. Track while scan: 200
targets. Classification modes: range profile: Inverse Synthetic
Aperture Radar (ISAR) optional. Weather avoidance: colour
display of cloud iso-reflectively. Navigation mode: high range
resolution ground mapping. Display: colour display, tactical
situation, range scales up to 240 nm. Weight: less than 85 kg
including human-machine interface. Maintenance: built in test
(no test bench). Status: in production. Sold to French Navy and
to export customers.
SEARCHWATER 2000MR
Multi-mode, coherent pulse Doppler and pulse compression
maritime surveillance radar with digital processing and adaptive
threshold control. Operational roles and modes: ASW and
ASuW in littoral or open water, air-to-air (look up and look
down), moving target indication (MTI), navigation and ground
mapping, weather, beacon homing, target classification (range
profile, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), spotlight and
Swath SAR. Frequency range: X band. Antenna: planar or
reflector with 360° scan capability, vertically or horizontally
polarised. Cooling medium: ambient air. Power consumption: <
4kVA, 115V 3 phase typical. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553, RS422,
ARINC 429 or user defined. Weight: less than 100 kg. Features:
track-while-scan of more than 100 targets, detects small targets
in high sea states, littoral and open water processing, ISAR/SAR
classification of targets, low probability of intercept. Can be
supplied as stand alone or as complete mission system with IFF,
ESM, Datalink, FLIR and INS. EPS etc., compatible with all fireand-forget missiles.
SARIS is a new generation of SAR/MTI radars for helicopters,
UAVs, business jets and fighter aircraft. Designed to detect
moving targets and provide real-time submetric class images.
When used jointly with image analysis tools, SARIS ‘gives a
complete view of the ground tactical situation’, claims Thales.
79
SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems
ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEMS
» CONTROP PRECISION TECHNOLOGIES
D-STAMP, U-STAMP
» ASELSAN AS
ASELFLIR-200
Gyroscopic Stabilised Gen II Airborne Thermal Imaging Systems.
Configurations: FLIR only; FLIR + Colour CCD or FLIR + Eyesafe
Laser Range Finder; FLIR + Colour CCD + Eyesafe Laser Range
Finder. IR Sensor: 4 x 240 focal-plane array detector which is
operating in the 8-12 micrometer band. Daylight Channel: colour
CCD, continuous zoom. Laser Range Finder: eye safe laser
range finder. Features: gyro and electronic stabilisations; Local
Area Processing (LAP) for real-time image enhancement; multimode tracker in video and inertial/radar cued modes; a third FOV
for navigation; MIL-STD-1553/Arinc-429 and other discrete data
busses to interface with other on board avionics such as radar,
inertial sensor, mission computer and weapon systems; analogue
and digital video outputs for display, transmission and recording;
freeze frame mode; x2 and x4 electronic zoom; gimbal angular
coverage: 360° continuous in azimuth and +40/-105° in
elevation; head steerable gimbal slew rate; compact design: FLIR
only sensor is 12 in and CCD colour camera and/or LRF additional
sensor configurations are 13 in turret diameter; fully compliant
with MIL-#-5400 and MIL-STD-810.
» AXSYS TECHNOLOGIES
CINEFLEX V14 HD
High-definition five-axis gyro-stabilised turret system with an
integrated high-definition daylight camera and a laptop controller.
Light and compact, it is designed for surveillance and security as
well as cinema and news gathering operations. The V14 HD relies
on an extremely accurate gimbal system that provides sharp,
stable performance and comprehensive control of azimuth,
elevation, and roll. Its flexible high-definition daylight camera
accepts multiple lens configurations with optical zoom capacities
extending from short range wide fields of view to long range
narrow fields of view. Features: extremely accurate gimbal
system; automatic and steerable field of view; continuous 360º
pan (azimuth); +20º to-195º tilt (elevation); +/- 45º roll; Sony HDC
1500 high-definition TV camera with 1,920 x 1,080 effective pixels;
f/1.4 prism system; multiple lens options; full digital servo control
system; choice of ergonomic laptop control units. Weight: 45 to
68 lb depending on lens. Dimensions: 19.5 x 14.5 x 19.5 inches.
CINEFLEX V14-MS II
The V14 MS II is a five-axis gyro stabilised multi-sensor turret
with high-definition day TV, thermal imaging and laser pointer,
rangefinder and illuminator options. The turret weighs about 80
lb and measures 19.5 x 14.5 x 19 inches. Azimuth coverage is
unlimited and it can elevate from +36° to -188°. The HD sensor
can be stabilised in roll from -20° to +20°. Features: The thermal
imager is a three-field-of-view cooled 3-5 micron InSb mid-wave
focal plane array device that measures 640 x 512 pixels. The
high-definition TV camera is a Sony HDC 1500 3 CCD 2/3” device
with a 25:1 zoom ratio and 2x optical and digital extenders. Laser
rangefinder: 1.54 micron erbium glass laser with a range
resolution of +/- 2m available. Laser illuminator: 1 or 2 Watt class
4 laser with 1x1° beam divergence. Laser pointer: 5 to 40 mW
NVG compatible class IIB laser with 0.2 mrad beam divergence.
Options: autotracker; radar and navigation interface; searchlight
interface; digital zoom (1 x to 4 x continuous); DVR with
continuous loop recording; geo pointing; video fusion (HD day
TV and IR); frame grab with SD card drive; moving map interface.
80
Stabilised miniature payload for use on board VTOLs, UAVs,
small UAVs, small manned aircraft and helicopters, aerostats
and balloons, manned and unmanned ground and maritime
vehicles. Payload configurations including gyro mechanical
stabilization system, INS with GPS, CCD camera for day-time use,
Low Light Level CCD, or uncooled IR camera, for night-time
operation. Modes of Operation: Control in ‘observation mode’ is
via joystick rate command, ‘point-to-coordinate,’ ‘inertial target
tracking’ and optional ‘scan’ modes. Stabilised platform:
three(3) gimbals mechanical Gyro stabilising the payload with a
pointing accuracy of 1° relative to aircraft heading. Field of
Regard: +70 to -40° in pitch, in roll//yaw +/- 170 °. Sensors
configurations: a)¼ inch high-resolution colour CCD TV camera
with x10 continuous optical zoom lens offering 48x38° (widest)
and 5.2x4.2° (narrowest) fields of view and up to x4 electronic
zoom and NTSC or PAL output. B) Uncooled IR camera C) or Low
Light Level CCD for night-time operation with continuous zoom
lens. Weight: from 750 g. to 1050 g. Dimensions: diameter 128
mm, length 150 mm. Temperature limits: -10 to +45°C. Altitude:
limited by vehicle. Electrical interface: 24 and 12 VDC, 9W.
Comms interface: RS232 standard, RS422 optional. Options:
Inertial Navigational S ystem, GPS, high resolution panoramic
scan and display mode, alternative mountings, payload
mounting horizontal or vertical (up or down), wide roll angular
dynamic range, optical bench with point-to-coordinate capability.
DSP-1
Compact dual very high performance sensor day/night
observation system for helicopters, light reconnaissance
aircraft, UAVs and marine patrol boats. Stabilised platform:
four (4) gimbals axis stabilise the turret in azimuth and
elevation to better than 10 microradians RMS. Pointing accuracy
is 0.5°. Field of regard: +70° to -115° in elevation, unlimited in
azimuth. IR sensor FOX 450/750: 3-5 micron indium
antimonide (InSb), 320 x 256 or 640 x 512 element focal plane
array with up to x36 continuous optical zoom lens. Fields of
view are 27° x 20.6° (wide) to 1.2 ° x 0.9 ° (narrow), 0.6° x 0.45°
(electronic zoom). Daylight channel: High-resolution colour
CCD camera with 768 x 494 element chip and x20 continuous
zoom lens. Fields of view are 13.6° x 10.2° (wide) and 0.7° x
0.52°. Gain control is automatic. Turret weight: 22.5 kg
(electronics box 3.5 kg). Unique video enhancement features.
Dimensions: 330 mm diameter x 483 mm high. Temperature
limits: -20° to +50°C. Humidity limit: 95%. Vibration
endurance: 2.5 grms, 5 to 2,000 Hz. Electrical interface:
voltage is 28 VDC, power consumption is 110 W, video output is
NTSC or PAL. Options: FOX 720, x36 continuous IR zoom lens ,
Narrow FOV 0.76° x 0.59° , extended maritime environment, low
temperature, laser pointer LP, x1.5 extender for TV zoom lens,
eye-safe laser rangefinder LRF, dual parallel output (TV, IR), GPS
interface, 1553 and ARINC 429 interfaces. Truck detection: 25
km (day TV), 25 km (IR). Truck recognition: 10 km (day TV), 7.5
km (IR). High ratio performance to weight.
Electro-optical systems « SPECIFICATIONS
FOX-250,450,720
FPD-1
Thermal imaging cameras with continuous zoom lens Main
features: high quality IR picture for night & day use; unique IR
continuous zoom lens; 3rd generation InSb FPA (320 x 256 or 640
x 512 pixels) standard; highly sensitive in the 3-5 micron spectral
range; operating with proprietary continuous optical zoom lenses;
auto-focus through zoom; analog (CCIR/RS170) or 14 bit digital
output. Special software algorithms for image enhancement.
Options: fixed CG through zoom, micro scanning for improved
resolution, other FPA formats, volume and shape adaptations to
meet customer requirements. Video from Fox family cameras
video can be seen on a remote monitor. Operated by an external
control panel or via RS422A communication channel. The
Cameras can be supplied with an enclosure (FOX-ZE) or without an
enclosure (FOX-Z). Sensor Type: MWIR InSb 3rd Gen FPA. Spectral
Range: 3-5 microns. Number of pixels: 320x256. Lens Type:
continuous zoom. WFOV / NFOV / Max magnification: 27º x
20.2º / 2.2º x 1.7º / X12.5 (250 Z), 27º x 20.2º / 1.2º x 0.9º / X22.5
(450 Z), 27º x 20.2º / 0.76º x 0.59º / X36 (720 Z). 2-axis scan:
optional for 450Z/ZE and 720Z/ZE. Zoom change: remotely
controlled. Focus: automatic adjustment through zoom. Focus
adjustment: remotely controlled. Uniformity calibration: internal
or external 1 or 2 points. Video format: CCIR or RS-170 or 14 BIT
digital. Cooling: closed-cycle Stirling cooler. Cooldown time: 8 min
(nominal). Communication: RS-422A. Polarity: black or white hot.
Gain/level control: automatic or manual or local AGC™. Reports:
zoom position, calibration and BIT status. Power requirements:
28VDC, 30 Watt (nominal). Weight: 2.5 kg (250 Z), 4.9 kg (450 Z,
720 Z), 5.5 kg (250 ZE), 10.5 kg (450 ZE, 720 ZE). Dimensions
in mm, W x H x L: 95 x 110 x 240 (250 Z), 150 x 147 x 367 (250
ZE), 148 x 213 x 243 (450 Z, 720 Z), 184 x 243 x 292 (450 ZE,
720 ZE). Temperature: -20 ºC to +56 ºC (-40°C to +56°C optional).
Vibrations: 2.5 g rms to 2000 Hz. Shock: 15 g 11 msec 1/2 sine.
Ruggedized high brightness flat panel colour TV display
developed for rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, but also suitable
for marine and ground applications. Described as high
performance yet extremely cost-effective. Applications: patrol
aircraft, helicopter’s cockpits, patrol boats, armored vehicles.
Main Features:10.4” flat panel active matrix (TFT) LCD colour
display, 640x480 pixels resolution, very unique high brightness
(1,000 cd/m2), ruggedized to Mil-STD-810. Voltage supply: 18 to
32 VDC. Video inputs: PAL, NTSC, (with option for Y/C and
VGA). Options: 800 x 600 pixels resolution, serial
communication links, other monitor sizes, video Input Y/C, VGA
input. Image Dimensions: 21.1 (H)x15.8 (V) cm. Colors: 256K.
Brightness: Very unique, high brightness 1000cd/m2. Time
Response: 20 msec. Contrast Ratio: 1/150. Viewing Angle: ±
70° (H), +70° ÷ -40° (V). Window: Anti reflective EMI/RFI
protected. Weight: 5.3 kg max. Dimensions:
300(W)x230(H)x100(D) mm max (main housing),
130(H)x35(W)x50(D) mm (control unit). Mechanical interface:
rear mounting (bezel option), two optional mountings on main
housing. Options: Also available 8.4” or 17” ruggedized flat
panel display monitors.
Night Vision HandBook 2007
81
FPD-2
NOCTUA
Larger than the FPD-1, the FPD-2 is also a ruggedized high
brightness flat panel colour TV display developed for rotaryand fixed-wing aircraft, but also suitable for marine and ground
applications. Described as high performance yet extremely costeffective. Applications: patrol aircraft, helicopter’s cockpits,
patrol boats, armored vehicles. Main Features: 8.4” flat panel
LCD colour display, 800x600 pixels resolution, very unique high
brightness (1400 cd/m2), ruggedized to MIL-STD-810. Voltage
supply: 18 to 32 VDC. Video inputs: PAL, NTSC. Options: serial
communication links, other monitor sizes, Y/C input, Super VGA
input, high altitude (20,000 ft), customized mounting. Image
Dimensions: 17 (H) x 12.8 (V) cm. Colours: 262K. Brightness:
Very unique, high brightness 1400cd/m2. Time Response: 50
msec. Contrast Ratio: 1/250. Viewing Angle: ±60° (H), +60°
÷ -45° (V). Window: EMI/RFI protected. Weight: 3.7 kg.
Dimensions: 220(W) x 165(H) x 148(D) mm (basic monitor),
275(W) x 165(H) x 148(D) mm (Including side flanges & control
unit). Mechanical interface: side flanges. Options: Also
available 8.4” or 17” ruggedized flat panel display monitors.
Infra-red night vision system designed to permit helicopters to
fly nap-of-the-earth operations by day, by night and in poor
visibility Field of view: 40° x 30°. Spectral range: 8-12 microns
Sensor type: second generation 288 x 4 IRCCD thermal imager
Size: 280 mm. Weight: 24.5 kg Mounting: nose or roof Control:
slaved to helmet-mounted sight display via head tracking
system or locked to longitudinal fuselage datum should the link
fail Display: thermal image projected onto helmet-mounted
sight display Angular slew rates: greater than 150°/sec
Operational status: selected and in production for the Rooivalk.
MSSP-3
Three-sensor day/night observation system designed for
maritime patrol applications from helicopters, fixed-wing
aircraft and boats. Stabilised platform: Four gimbals stabilise
the line of sight to better than 25 microradians with a pointing
accuracy of 3 milliradians. Field of regard: +35 to -110° in
elevation, unlimited in azimuth. IR sensor: 3-5 micron indium
antimonide (InSb), 320 x 256 element focal plane array with up
to x22.5 continuous zoom lens. Fields of view are 27° x 20.6°
(wide), 1.21° x 0.91° (narrow). Daylight channel: High-resolution
black and white CCD camera with x15 zoom lens. Fields of view
are 18° x 13° (wide) and 1.2° x 0.9°. Gain control is automatic or
manual. Eye-safe laser rangefinder (optional): 1.54 micron
laser accurate to +/- 5m out to 20 km capable of 10 pulses per
minute in 1 pps bursts. Turret weight: 38 kg. Control unit
weight: 4.5 kg. Joystick weight: 1.5 kg. Dimensions: 400 mm
diameter x 570 mm high. Temperature limits: -20° to +50°C.
Vibration endurance: 2.5 g RMS, 5 to 2,000 Hz. Electrical
interface: voltage is 28 VDC, power consumption is 200 W,
video output is CCIR or RS-170. Options: colour CCD, intensified
CCD, laser rangefinder (eye-safe or non eye-safe), 35x
continuous optical IR zoom lens for InSb thermal imager, GPS
interface, 1553 databus interface, lower operating temperatures.
» DENEL (CUMULUS)
LEO-II A1/A2/A3/A5
Gyro-stabilised platform containing a thermal imager and TV
camera for police, paramilitary, SAR and civil/military
applications Stabilised platform: Diameter 400 mm, 2-axis
stabilisation to less than 12 microradians RMS Field of regard: n
x 360° in azimuth, +20° to -100° in elevation Thermal imager:
Agema 8-12 micron thermal imager with dual 20°/5° lens (or
dual 12°/3° lens on LEO-II A2), 8 x zoom and pseudo colour
isotherm alarms (A3 is fitted with 3-5 micron FPA FLIR, with 18°
and 3° FOVs) TV Camera: 3-CCD broadcast colour TV camera
with 32 x zoom (extended daytime operation to 0.002 lux on
A3) Mass complete: 35 kg (basic system) Options: GPS
interface, (search radar interface for A3) embedded video
autotracker, microwave downlinks, aircraft mounting kits. A5
features a latest generation QWIP thermal imaging sensor, 3CCD 38x zoom TV, plus either a spot TV (0.35° FOV) or a laser
range finder.
82
» DRS TECHNOLOGIES INC
GS207 MULTI-SENSOR 7” GIMBAL
Low-cost, infrared surveillance system incorporating advanced
uncooled camera technology with a high-performance Low
Light Level CCD. The 7” gimbal is ideal for applications requiring
a lightweight infrared capability and is available in both 2-axis
stabilised and pan and tilt configurations. It is environmentally
ruggedised, and features a continuous 360° azimuth field of
regard. Designed for the challenging and dynamic combat
environment, it supports head-steered applications requiring
exceptionally high slew rates. Additionally, an eye-safe laser
range finder or IR pointer can be incorporated into the gimbal
for greater capability and functionality.
» ELBIT SYSTEMS LTD
COMPASS
Family of compact multi-purpose advanced stabilised systems
adaptable to fixed- and rotary wing aircraft, UAVs, ground
vehicles, naval platforms and fixed ground installations. Three/
four sensor system delivers high quality day and night imagery
in a wide range of weather conditions, says Elbit. It offers
‘superior’ stabilisation performance, ‘highly accurate’ LoS
positioning capability, and ‘precise’ LoS angular and range data
for fire control applications. System includes an automatic video
tracker. Interfaces with radar, GPS, weapon systems, mission
computers, remote controllers etc. Designed to keep pace with
evolving demands, CoMPASS IV is the latest member of the
family. Features: substantial weight reduction; state-of-the-art
diode pumped laser designator; selection of new generation,
large aperture FLIRs; advanced video and image processing
features. Modular design allows the user to select optimal
configuration, swap sensors in the same turret.
» FLIR SYSTEMS INC
BRITE Star Medium performance infrared surveillance system. It
incorporates the latest advances in thermal sensitivity, electro
optics and camera technology inside a compact, ruggedised
housing. The system provides remarkable gyroscopically
stabilised images, in either long- or mid-wave infrared spectra,
and standout Low Light Level or colour TV camera capability. At
35lbs, the GS410 is perfect for applications requiring
lightweight, responsive and cost-effective imaging.
Cost-effective, military-qualified, multi-sensor laser designation
system incorporating a third-generation thermal imager, TV
camera and a laser designator/rangefinder. Incorporates in-flight
bore sighting capability. Fully compatible with all previous mounts
for the SAFIRE family of COTS products. TI: InSb FPA 3-5 µm
response with quadrature microscan. Pixel density: 320 x 240.
Sensor resolution: 640 x 480; FoV: 0.8° x 0.6°; 3.3° x 2.5°; 25.5°
x 19.1°. Laser designator/rangefinder: Nd YAG, 1.06 µm, class
4/1.57 µm, class 1 (eye-safe). TV: B&W, FoV: 0.8° x 0.6°, 3.3° x
2.5°, 25.5° x 19.1°. Resolution: 768 x 494. Additional capabilities:
invertible turret, autotracker, target accumulator, laser spot
tracker, MIL-STD-1553B interface, RS-232/422 interface, ARINC
interface, digital video output, and NVG compatibility.
GS414 MULTI-SENSOR GIMBAL
Mk II
Gives operators unparalleled flexibility to conduct day/night
operations in severely degraded visual conditions caused by
smoke, fog, dust or other obscurants. The GS414 provides
sustained long range surveillance, situational awareness,
exceptional target tracking, and laser designation in an
advanced stabilised platform.
Gyrostabilised, infrared and visible light imaging system
certified for many widely used helicopters and easily installed
on fixed-wing aircraft and UAVs TI: Four-element detector TDI:
HgCDTe 8-12 µm; Magnification: 1.5x, 3.0x(EO zoom), 6.0x,
12x(EO zoom). FoV: 18.6° (H) x 14° (V), 9.3° (H) x 7° (V), 4.7° (H)
x 3.5° (V), 2.3° (H) x 1.75° (V); FoV (CCIR): 18.6° (H) x 16° (V),
9.3° (H) x 8° (V), 4.7° (H) x 4° (V), 2.33° (H) x 2° (V); IFOV: 1.2
mR, 1.2 mR, 0.3 mR, 0.3 mR TV: Magnification: 1.2x-7x
continuous zoom. FoV: 23.5° (H) x 17.8° (V) continuous to 4° (H)
x 3° (V). Daylight imager; Pixel arrangement: 811 H x 508 V
(NTSC), 795 (H) x 596 (V) (PAL). Resolution: four RS-170 or
CCIR, 445 active IR/TV. CCD sensitivity: 5.0 lux @ f/1.2.
Magnification: 1.1x-7x continuous zoom Weight: 11 lbs (5.0 kg).
GS410 MULTI-SENSOR GIMBAL
MMS
Multi-sensor integrated mission equipment package with IR, TV
and laser rangefinder in service on Bell/US Army OH-58D Kiowa
Warrior. Provides day and night, adverse weather, long range
reconnaissance, surveillance, intelligence gathering, and threat
and target damage assessment Infra-red sensor: 120-element
common module digital scan converter with freeze frame and
electronic zoom. Narrow FoV 2.8°, wide FoV 10° TV camera:
silicon vidicon with 2° narrow FoV and 8° wide FoV Laser
rangefinder/designator: Provides ranging or UTM coordinates
and tri-service compatible designation for Hellfire, Copperhead,
and laser guided bombs. Self-contained boresighting device
aligns sensors within 30 seconds Multimode autotracker:
enables both manual and automatic target tracking of TV or
FLIR 875 line images with correlation and centroid calculations
Stabilisation: whole system line of sight stabilised to less than
20 microradians over +/-190° in azimuth and +/-30° in elevation.
MicroSTAR II
Fully remote controlled; multi-imaging sensor combines a 3rd Gen
IR imager with zoom lens, a CCTV camera with 18x zoom and a
Mil-qualified eye-safe laser rangefinder for UAVs. Its low profile,
fully sealed, 9-inch gimbal is lightweight, compact and designed
to minimize drag. Gives operators push-button access to three
distinct modes of target tracking: centroid – used to track moving
targets; scenelock – for tracking larger stationary scenes; and
correlation – which tracks small, slow-moving targets.
STAR-Q
Four-axis gyrostabilised multi-sensor platform fully ruggedised
to military standards (MIL STD 810E). Features CCD TV and a
three field-of-view thermal imaging sensor. Offers ‘excellent’
thermal sensitivity and an optical magnification ratio of 25:1.
Gimbal features open modular architecture for extra payloads.
TI: Gen III LW QWIP FPA; three FoV optical system w/auto focus.
Spectral band: 8-9 µm. Detector: GaAs 320 (H) x 240 (V) or 640
(W) x 480 (H), FoV (320 x 240): 25° (H) x 18.75° (V), 6° (H) x
4.5° (V), 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V). Integral Stirling cooler. Electronic
zoom: x4 w/digital interpolation. TV: Colour, zoom, 1/3 inch 3CCD. Resolution: 800 TV lines (PAL) FoV: 0.67° to 35° HFOV
zoom. Focal length: 9.5 to 256.5 mm @F3, 5-512 mm @F7.0.
Zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable extender), PAL (NTSC
optional). Weight: 42 + kg Optional features: wide spectrum
spotter TV, laser rangefinder LP15.
Star SAFIRE HD
Industry’s first all-digital, High Definition gyro-stabilised imaging
system. Military qualified for high reliability and features 6-axis
stabilisation with high magnification optics for maximum range
performance. Advanced image processor core provides superior
image quality with AGC, autofocus, filtering, edge enhancement
and optional real time Image Blending TI: InSb FPA 3-5 µm; image
resolution: 1280x1024; Field of View range; 0.25º to 30º; Day HD TV: color; Field of View range: 0.14º to 17º; Night / Low Light HD TV: Field of View range: 0.25º to 30º (optics matched to TI);
Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg (includes all options) Max speed: 405 kts.
Star SAFIRE II
Military-qualified COTS multi-sensor gyrostabilised airborne
platform featuring up to five payload options. Offers 5-axis
stabilisation, automated operation and aircraft integration
features. TI: 320 x 240 InSb Focal Plane Array 3 – 5 µm response.
Resolution – 640 x 480 (microscanned). FoV: 0.8° x 0.6° V, 3.4° x
2.6° V, 25.2° x 18.8° V. Optional wide field of view: 33.3° x 25°.
Stirling linear cooler. TV: Colour CCD with autofocus, NTSC/PAL,
18x plus 4x electronic zoom. Sensitivity 0.2 lux, FOV 24° – 2.1°
Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg (includes all options). Max speed: 405 kts
Optional features: Autotracker, radar and navigation interfaces;
quick disconnect mounts; Nightsun interface; laser illuminators for
target identification; a spotter scope and a laser rangefinder; flat
panel displays, moving map-based mission-management system.
Star SAFIRE III
A military-qualified COTS multi-sensor gyrostabilised airborne
platform featuring up to six payload options. Offers image fusion,
5-axis stabilisation, automated operation and aircraft integration
features IT: 3 – 5 µm, 640 x 480 ins focal plane array with
autofocus. FoV: 0.6° x 0.4°, 1.2° x 0.8° V, 5.0° x 3.4° V, and 25.2° x
18.8° V. Optional wide FoV: 33.3° x 25°. Stirling linear cooler. TV:
Colour CCD-TV with autofocus, NTSC/PAL, 18x plus 4x electronic
zoom. Sensitivity 0.2 lux, FOV 24° – 2.1° Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg
(includes all options). Max speed: 405 Kt Optional features:
Autotracker, radar and navigation interfaces, quick disconnect
mounts, Nightsun interface, an image intensified camera, a laser
rangefinder, a laser illuminator or pointer, a-high magnification
spotter scope, flat panel displays, moving map-based missionmanagement system.
83
Ultra FORCE II
Ultra 8000
GALIFLIR PACIS
High performance multi-sensor airborne law enforcement system.
The IR imager features autofocus, auto image optimisation and 3FoV, high magnification lens. Optional dual CCD spotter scope
provides extreme long range capability and colour imaging in
daylight/low light and monochrome at night. TI: Gen III LW GaAs
QWIP 320 (H) x 240 (V) focal plane array with three FoV optical
system and auto focus. Spectral band: 8-9 µm. FoV: 25° (H) x
18.75° (V), 6° (H) x 4.5° (V), 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V). Electronic zoom:
x4 with digital interpolation. Integrated Stirling cooler TV: 1/3 inch
3-CCD sensor, 800 TV lines (PAL). Active pixels: 752 (H) x 582 (V).
FoV: 0.67° to 36°. Zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable extender),
PAL or NTSC Weight: 39.5 kg Optional features: Dual sensor
Spotter scope, eye-safe laser rangefinder, a laser pointer. Digital
autotracker, real-time video and audio downlink, searchlight slaving.
Features a compact 9” (230mm) stabilised turret with two
boresighted sensors. Optimized for light and medium fixed and
rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law enforcement
pursuit and patrol missions TI: 256 x 256 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR
Continuous zoom Telescope with 10X magnification – FOV range:
22° x 16.5° (WFOV) to 3.4° x 2.0° (NFOV) - PAL or NTSC Video
Output. IFOV: 0.12 milliradians (NFOV) TV: H x 494 V (NTSC);
752 H x 582 V (PAL), 460 (PAL), 470 (NTSC) television lines.
Telescope: 18:1 continuous zoom, 4x electronic zoom. FOV range:
48° x 32° (WFOV) to 3.4° x 2.0° (0.67° x 0.55° using E-Zoom)
(NFOV) Weight: 26 lbs, 11.8 kg
Small, stabilised thermal imager for close range operations.
This unit utilizes a 50:1 zoom lens with a 2/3-inch HDTV CCD
Missions: piloting aid during low speed night flying, covert
camera. In addition to the optical zoom, the system will have
surveillance, perimeter and border patrol, general close
digital zoom capability up to 826mm and electronic
surveillance (power lines, pipelines, drug enforcement, etc).
stabilization.
During navigation and surveillance the pilot refers to the TV
GYROCAM DNV – DAY/NIGHT VISION
monitor, on which the images are displayed, for a panoramic
A high altitude surveillance unit primarily used by surveillance
view of the situation forward. The electronic unit for power
clients such as federal law enforcement agencies. The unit
In for
excess
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uniqueinpage
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supply>and
signal of
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the cockpit,
combines long lens, high-resolution colour and NextGen gated
together
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the
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Option:
control
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> The latest updates and procurement requests NightVision in a single 15-inch gimbal.
available on request. Field of view: 40° x 26.7°. Nominal
> Event
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resolution:
1.5 mrad.
Detector:
8 element
CMT SPRITE. Cooling
GYROCAM HD/IR – HIGH DEFINITION INFRARED
system:
split stirling.
Display: CCFIR 625/50 Standard. Infrared
> Industry
directories
A multi-mission surveillance system that allows law enforcement
lines: 512° Frame rate: 25Hz . Contractor: Alenia Difesa Avionic
personnel to use high resolution HD imaging along with high
> Daily and monthly email alerts
System and Equipment Division - Officine Galileo, Florence.
resolution long lens, continuous zoom thermal imaging
capabilities.
Ultra FORCE II PLUS
High performance multi-sensor airborne law enforcement system
with a high-resolution GEN III LW thermal imager (QWIP), a 3-CCD
broadcast quality high magnification TV camera and a dual
camera high magnification spotter scope TI: Gen III LW QWIP FPA;
three FOV optical system w/auto focus, detector: GaAs 320 (H) x
240 (V); spectral band: 8-9 µm. Fields of view: Wide: 25° (H) x
18.75° (V), Medium: 6° (H) x 4.5° (V), Narrow: 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V),
electronic zoom: x4 with digital interpolation, PAL or NTSC.
Cooling: Integrated long-life Stirling cooler TV: 1/3 inch 3-CCD
sensor, 800 TV lines (PAL). Active pixels: 752 (H) x 582 (V) FoV:
0.67° to 36° HFOV zoom; zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable
extender), PAL or NTSC Multi-Spectral TV Spotter Scopes:
Integrated dual chip sensor; 0.35° HFOV, 0.26° VFOV, Colour 1/3”
CCD – visible spectrum; Monochrome 1/3” CCD – Near-IR capability
Optional: Eye-safe laser rangefinder, laser pointer, digital autotracker,
real-time video/audio downlink, searchlight slaving capability.
Ultra 7500
A compact 9” (230 mm) military-qualified, stabilised turret with
up to three boresighted sensors. Optimised for light and medium
fixed and rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law
enforcement, search and rescue, and general surveillance
missions. The system provides real-time automatic image
optimisation, an imbedded multi-mode autotracker, and an
intuitive, icon-based colour graphical overlay. Weight: 29 lb. TI:
320 x 240 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR Continuous zoom Telescope with
10x magnification – Field of View range: 22° x 16.5° (WFOV) to
2.2° x 1.65° (NFOV) - PAL or NTSC Video Output. IFOV: 0.12
milliradians (NFOV). TV: 752 H x 582 V (PAL) 768 x 494 (NTSC)
Continuous zoom Telescope with 18x magnification and integral
4x electronic zoom – Maximum magnification: 72x. Field of View
range: 48° x 32° (WFOV) to 2.7° x 2.2° (0.67° x 0.55° using EZoom) (NFOV) Low Light Mode: Operational down to 0.2 Lux.
Resolution: 460 TV Lines (PAL), 470 TV Lines (NTSC) Laser
Pointer: visible with Image Intensified Night Vision Goggles
Other Available Features: RS 422/232, ARINC interface, RS-232
serial GPS interface, Search Light Slave (SLASS) interface, PIP
monitor, Terse Binary Protocol (TBP) for Remote and UAV control
functions, compact electronics control box for UAV applications.
84
Ultra 8500
Compact 9” (230 mm) military-qualified, stabilised turret with
triple-payload capability, optimised for light to medium fixed and
rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law enforcement,
search and rescue, and surveillance missions.The system
provides real-time automatic image optimisation, an embedded
multi-mode autotracker, and an intuitive, icon-based colour
graphical overlay TI: 320 x 240 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR continuous
zoom telescope with 10X magnification – FoV range: 22° x 16.5°
to 2.2° x 1.65°. PAL or NTSC video output. IFOV: 0.12 milliradians
TV: 752 H x 582 V (PAL) 768 x 494 (NTSC). Continuous zoom
telescope with 18X magnification and integral 4x electronic
zoom – Maximum magnification: 72X. FoV range: 48° x 32° to
2.7° x 2.2° (0.67° x 0.55° using E-Zoom). Low light mode
operational down to 0.2 lux. Resolution: 460 TV Lines (PAL),
470 TV Lines (NTSC) Weight: 29 lb Laser Pointer: visible with
NVG Optional Features: RS 422/232, ARINC interface, RS-232
serial GPS interface, search light slave interface, PIP monitor,
Terse Binary Protocol (TBP) for remote and UAV control
functions, compact electronics control box for UAV applications.
GYROCAM HD - HIGH DEFINITION
What’s the view like
from your seat?
» GYROCAM SYSTEMS, INC
» IAI TAMAM DIVISION
GYROCAM TS - TRIPLE SENSOR
This system is primarily used by local law enforcement and
military applications. It is the only true 15-inch gimbal that
combines NightVision, infrared and high-resolution colour
cameras in a single gimbal by utilizing our patent-pending
beam-splitting optics.
GYROCAM IR - DUAL SENSOR
The dual sensor system combines high resolution colour and
high resolution infrared in a 15-inch gimbal. This system is
almost identical to Gyrocam TS with the exception that it does
not have NightVision or laser-illuminator capabilities, thereby
making this system more affordable.
LONG RANGE OBSERVATION SYSTEM (LOROS)
Long Range Observation System for surveillance and
intelligence missions. Sensors include 3rd generation 3-5 µm
thermal imager, colour CCD with zoom lens, B/W CCD with
spotter lens, intensified CCD (ICCD) camera, laser range finder
(LRF). Features: Automatic target tracker, enhanced image
processing, long range downlink of video and data. Weight: 85
kg (187 lb) Power consumption: <700 Watts.
Ultra 8500 XR
A lightweight airborne law enforcement thermal imaging system
with 450mm of IR zoom. The triple-payload capability is
optimized for light to medium fixed and rotary wing aircraft
operation and is designed for law enforcement, search and
rescue, and surveillance missions. The system provides real-time
automatic image optimization, an imbedded multi-mode
autotracker, and an intuitive, icon-based colour graphical overlay.
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» GALILEO AVIONICA
GALIFLIR ASTRO
Thermal imaging system in stabilised platform. Missions:
ground surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting/ anti-ship
surveillance and targeting; anti-submarine warfare; aiming
machine guns and rockets; search and rescue; maritime patrol
and coast guard; border control and patrol; law enforcement;
pollution control and civilian protection. Can be used as a
pilotage aid, mainly for taking-off and landing in darkness. Can
be interfaced with the Helicopter Avionics System and, in the
maritime patrol version, can be designated by the on-board
radar. Telescope features: wide FOV: 16° x 10.8°, 2.5x
magnification, - IFOV (instantaneous FOV) 0.6 mRad, minimum
focusing range 20 m, narrow FOV: 4° x 2.7°, X10 magnification
IFOV 0.15 mRad, minimum focusing range 50 m. Detector: 8
element HgCdTe (CMT), 8-12 micron SPRITE array, working
temperature 80°K. Imaging characteristics: 512 lines, min
discernible temperature difference is <0.2°C, output signal is
video standard CCIR Ivpp, amplitude 75 lines. Contractor:
Alenia Difesa Avionic systems and Equipment Division - Officine
Galileo, Florence.
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Untitled-1 1
19/04/2007 10:33:04
85
MICRO PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (MICROPOP)
PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (POP)
MicroPOP is a 4” (10cm), 2.2 lbs (1 Kg) EO payload for small
UAVs and UGVs. The MicroPOP is one line replaceable unit (LRU)
carrying a sensor slice that can be switched in minutes. Sensor
slice contains either a “day” continuous zoom colour camera or
a “night” uncooled thermal imaging camera. Thermal Imager:
Uncooled 8-12 µm, 320 x 240 pixels of 7° (option for 2 Fields of
Views). Day colour Camera: Continuous zoom x 10 (4° to 46°).
A small EO/IR/L payload for various platforms such as UAVs,
helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, boats and for ground
applications. POP carries sensors in rapidly interchangeable
slices mounted on a gyro-stabilised turret Turret dimensions:
diameter 260 mm (10”), height 380 mm (15”) Weight: 16-18 kg
(35 – 40 lb) depending on sensor type Sensor slices: Focal Plane
Array (FPA) IR and colour CCD TV; FPA IR, CCD TV and Laser
Pointer (LP); FPA IR, CCD TV, LP and Laser Range Finder (LRF);
FPA IR, long range CCD TV and LP IR sensors: POP can be
equipped with various InSb 3-5 micron FPA detectors (320x240
or 640x480 pixels) and optics (3 discrete FOVs or continuous
zoom) TV cameras: have zoom lenses and operate in visible
band and Near IR Video output: PAL or NTSC MTBF is 2,000
hours Power: 28 VDC to Mil Std 704D, 120 watts consumption
Interface: RS-422 Accessories: monitor, VCR, data link, hand
control unit, interface with weapon systems, GPS, Radar, etc.
MINIATURE PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (MINIPOP)
A dual axis, gyro-stabilized, 8” (21cm), 15-19 lbs (6-9 Kg) payload
for a variety of airborne and ground, manned and unmanned
applications. The system is built on a one line replaceable unit
(LRU) open architecture and carries up to four sensors. The
“slices” have a continuous zoom colour day camera, a thermal
imaging camera, a laser pointer and an eye-safe laser range
finder. An automatic television tracker can also be installed. Field
of regard: Elevation: +40° to -110°, Azimuth: n X 360°. Thermal
Imager: Cooled InSb 3-5 µm, continuous Zoom 2° to 22°. Day
colour Camera: CCD type, 1/6” with Near IR (NIR) capability,
optical zoom X22.5 with additional x2 electronic zoom, Fields of
View 2°- 45°. Laser Pointer: Wavelength 0.830µm.
MULTI-MISSION OPTRONIC STABILISED PAYLOAD (MOSP)
An optimised family of four-gimbal stabilised EO payloads for
various platforms such as UAVs, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft,
vessels and ground applications. MOSP provides real time video,
accurate GEO-Location and GEO-pointing in addition to
targeting capability and can be equipped with up to five sensors
configuration for day and night observation and targeting. Full
coverage of the lower hemisphere, including the nadir point.
Automatic day and night target tracking, applying centroid or
edge tracking techniques TV channel: two options: (a) fully
continuous zoom (b) Wide to Medium field of view (FOV)
continuous zoom and a Spotter for Narrow FOV FLIR channel:
3-5 micron staring or 8-12 micron scanning sensors with
discrete or continuous zoom optics Eye-Safe Laser Range
Finder (LRF) or Laser Designator and Range Finder (LDRF).
Laser Pointer for target illumination Diameter: 354 mm (14”)
or 375 mm (15”) (application dependent) Height :548 or 500
mm (22’’ or 20’’) Weight: 30 to 35 kg (66 to 77 lb) (varies with
sensors carried) Field of regard: +35° to -110° elevation, n x
360° (unlimited) azimuth.
NIGHT TARGETTING SYSTEM (NTS)/NTSADVANCED (NTSA)
Upgrade of Cobra family’s TOW sight. Includes thermal imager,
TV camera and laser rangefinder/designator. Can designate for
Hellfire and other laser-guided weapons. NTS-A deletes optical
relay tube Turret specifications: Field of regard is 90° left and
95° right in azimuth, +30 to -60° in elevation. Slewing rates 2°/
sec to 90°/sec, angular acceleration 60°/sec2 Thermal imager:
240 x 4 pixel, mercury cadmium telluride, 8-12 micron, scanned
detector with time delay integration. Option for 3rd generation 35 µm FLIR. TV autotracker: min target dimensions 3x3 pixels,
min target contrast 2%, max relative velocity 1 FOV/sec
Operating modes: prediction, adjust, offset TV camera: 780 x
576 pixel frame transfer CCD sensor with 3 fields of view. Option
to add a colour continuous zoom TV camera Weight: 129 kg (285
lb) excluding installation kit. NTS built in the US by Kollsman.
86
» L-3 WESCAM 12DS/TS200
Providing high-performance detection, recognition,
identification and tracking of targets over long distances in
daylight, in total darkness, and in less-than-ideal weather
conditions through superior gyro-stabilisation and long-range
infrared optics. This dual sensor system includes a 3-5 µm 3
field-of-view thermal imager, with Indium Antimonide staring
array, and a colour daylight CCD camera with 20x zoom lens.
The 12DS is also available in a Tri-sensor variant with the
addition of a laser illuminator.
MX-15 Multi-Sensor US military approved AN/AAQ-35 designation. Large format 3rd
generation midwave FLIR with 4 FOV, 4 axis stabilisation and 6
axis isolation, 3 CCD colour TV with 20x lens, daylight camera
with dual channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night
spotter with dual channel spotter lens with a 1,000 mm fixed
focal length, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator,
image processor to penetrate haze, fog, smoke and humidity.
MX-15D
With laser target designation capability, an enhanced variant of
the proven MX-15. Supports 1 to 6 high-performance sensors:
Colour daylight camera with zoom lens, mono daylight camera
with spotter lens, IR with high magnification 4-step zoom, laser
designator with LRF, laser illuminator, Eyesafe laser rangefinder.
MX-15i – Integrated MCU
This variant supports 1 to 6 high performance sensors. Large
format 3rd generation FLIR with 4 FOV, 4 axis stabilisation and 6
axis isolation, 3 CCD colour TV with 20x lens, daylight camera
with dual channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night
spotter with dual channel spotter lens with a 1000 mm fixed focal
length, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator. Integrated
MCU feature provides an installed weight saving of 25%.
MX-20
US military approved with an AN/ASX-4 designation, the
MX-20 is often selected where observations must be as covert
as possible. Large format 3rd generation FLIR with 4 FOV, 3
CCD colour TV with 19x lens, daylight camera with dual
channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night spotter
with dual channel spotter lens with a 4 FOV 600-3200mm, eye
safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator. A premier range
performance solution offering >75x magnification in the IR
sensor and >400x magnification in the EO sensor, it achieves
unsurpassed standoff ranges in both sensor types and includes
state-of-the-art system features.
» LOCKHEED MARTIN MISSILES AND FIRE
CONTROL
ARROWHEAD
Modernised Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night
Vision Sensor (M-TADS/M-PNVS) - an all-weather advanced
electro-optical fire control and pilotage system in production for
the Apache. Lower turret contains the targeting system with
day and night sensors. The targeting FLIR, uses Standard
Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) I technology developed for
Comanche. The FLIR has three fields-of-view, a multi-target
tracker, multiple-code laser spot tracking, and auto-boresight.
There’s also a charge-coupled device (CCD) daylight TV
camera. Direct-view optics are replaced by the flat-panel TADS
electronic display and control (TEDAC) unit that improves
resolution, situational awareness, and survivable space in the
crew station. Arrowhead’s pilotage FLIR has a SADA I integrated
detector cooler assembly and four electronics modules that are
common to the targeting FLIR. These modules process FLIR
data for the pilot’s helmet-mounted display and the TEDAC
in the cockpit. Advanced processing algorithms are designed
to offer the best resolution possible to avoid such obstacles
as wires and trees.
GUNSHIP MULTISPECTRAL SENSOR SYSTEM (GMS2)
The electro-optical/infrared fire control system in production
for the US Air Force Special Operations Command AC-130U
Gunship. This mature, high performance multisensor system is
an adaptation of the AH-1Z Target Sight System now in test
and evaluation with the US Marine Corps. The GMS2 consists
of a large-aperture, mid-wave infrared sensor, two imageintensified television cameras, a near-infrared laser pointer,
and a laser designator/rangefinder (with eyesafe mode).
These components are integrated into a highly stabilised
turret to ensure outstanding image quality and high
accuracy line-of-sight pointing for target geo-location and
gun fire control.
PATHFINDER
Based on the Modernized Target Acquisition Designation
Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor (M-TADS/PNVS) system on the
AH-64D Apache, Pathfinder is described as a state-of-the-art
pilotage and navigation system designed to provide cargo and
utility helicopter pilots significantly increased situational
awareness and reduced workload. Pathfinder provides highly
improved imagery on the pilot’s helmet-mounted display for
safe terrain flight at night and in degraded visual flight
environments. Pathfinder is a long-wave, high-definition FLIR
with 52-degree, wide field-of-view optics. The FLIR technology is
based on a SADA I integrated detector cooler assembly and
electronics modules that are common to the targeting FLIR.
These modules convert detector outputs into a video signal that
is displayed in the cockpit and on the helmet-mounted display,
providing a day-like TV image in day or night conditions. The
Pathfinder system also provides installation provisions for an
auxiliary pilotage sensor that augments pilotage in adverse
thermal environments and urban scenarios. Pathfinder’s high
definition 1728 by 960 resolution display allows pilots to fly at
safer altitudes and airspeeds while providing necessary
information to complete complex missions. Pathfinder is also
provisioned for image blending. Its advanced processing
algorithms give pilots the best resolution possible to avoid
obstacles such as wires and trees, during terrain flight. The
Pathfinder turret is easily mounted on the helicopter’s chin
88
using a kit consisting of four line replaceable units.
Specifications: High definition long-wave infrared imagery
at 60 Hz. Compatible with 52 deg x 30 deg and 40 deg x
30 deg helmet-mounted displays. Low head-track latency for
improved pilotage; chin-mounted installation; self-cooled;
digital/analog video outputs; electronics Unit weight: 21.6 lb;
turret weight w/adapter: <110 lb; turret: Height = 16.4 in;
diameter = 18.5 in.
TADS/PNVS
The deployed Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night
Vision Sensor enables AH-64 Apache helicopter pilots to fly at
very low altitudes in total darkness and in adverse weather, see
ground targets, and destroy them at standoff ranges. Housed in
a rotating turret mounted on the nose of the helicopter, TADS
can be directed manually or controlled by head movements of a
crewmember. The turret contains an infrared sensor for target
detection during night flights. The direct-view optics, consisting
of a high-powered telescope and TV camera, laser spot tracker
and laser designator/rangefinder, pinpoint targets for laserguided weapons such as the Hellfire missile PNVS turret: field
of regard is +/- 90° in azimuth and +20°/-45° in elevation
PNVS thermal imager: single 30° x 40° field of view TADS
turret: +/-120° in azimuth, +30°/-45° in elevation TADS
thermal imager: 1.0x, 5.7x, 18x and 36x magnification settings,
electronic zoom TADS direct view optics: 3.5x and 17.8x
magnification TADS day TV: 14x, 63x and 126x magnification,
electronic zoom Laser transceiver unit: contains NdYAG
rangefinder/designator and a spot tracker.
TARGET SIGHT SYSTEM
TSS is a third-generation multi-sensor EO/IR fire control system
developed for the Cobra AH-1Z attack helicopter. The company
is beginning production for the US Marine Corps. It consists of a
large-aperture mid-wave FLIR, colour TV, laser designator/
rangefinder (with eyesafe mode), laser spot tracker, and ongimbal inertial measurement unit integrated into a highly
stabilised turret. TSS identifies and laser designates targets at
maximum Hellfire missile ranges, significantly enhancing
mission performance, platform survivability, and lethality.
TEDAC
The TADS Electronic Display and Control Assembly (TEDAC) is
the modernised replacement for the Optical Relay Tube located
in the co-pilot/gunner crew station of the AH-64 Apache
Helicopter. The TEDAC presents the co-pilot/gunner with highresolution video from the Arrowhead Modernised Target
Acquisition and Designation Sight (M-TADS). TEDAC replaces a
small display and direct view optics with a large 5 in. x 5 in. flatpanel cockpit display that utilises active matrix liquid crystal
display technology. This higher resolution display improves
ability to engage targets while providing greater situational
awareness and more survivable space in the cockpit.
» RAYTHEON ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
240 FLIR
The 240 FLIR uses advanced second-generation sensor
technology to deliver significantly improved imagery in daylight
or darkness, smoke, haze, or adverse weather. The system
features a three fields-of-view telescope that enables target
identification at extended ranges and allows a zoom-in view of
areas of interest.
AN/AAQ-16B/C
Operationally proven thermal imaging system in light, low
profile stabilised turret. Basic system weighs 100 lb. Quick to
swap between aircraft types. Reliability proven over 300,000
hours Thermal imager: 8-12 micron parallel scanning detector
to penetrate smoke, dust and haze. Features a dual FoV
telescope; 30 x 40° and 5 x 6.67° (6 x mag). Third FoV of 1.9° x
2.5° (16 x mag), a retrofit option, doubles stand-off range of 6x
lens. Offers superior horizon definition for pilotage. Integrated
Detector Electronics Assembly (IDEA) has improved resistance
to EMI, on-demand cryogenic cooler for higher reliability
Options: Correlation autotracker with dual-mode feature Video
output: 875 or 625 line rates available Interfaces: 1553A/B
databus compatible, stand-alone optional Maintainability: BIT
and fault isolation included. Established integrated logistic
support available.
AN/AAQ-27A
In production for USMC MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotors, the AAQ-27 is
a Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) system that has much in common
with the AAQ-16B Infrared camera: 3-5 micron, indium
antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array detector with
two fields of view; 30° x 40° and 5° x 6.7° System weight: less
than 90 lb, turret weight 50 lb Turret dimensions: 14.19 in high
x 11.95 in diameter Options: electronic zoom, dual mode tracker.
AN/AAQ-29A
In production for USMC CH-53E and USAF HH-60G, the AAQ29A is similar to the AN/AAQ-27A, except it incorporates an
additional (third) field of view (1.3° x 1.73°). It is a Mid Wave
Infrared (MWIR) system Infrared camera: 3-5 micron, indium
antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array detector with
two fields of view; 30° x 40° and 5° x 6.7° System weight: less
than 90 lb, turret weight 50 lb Turret dimensions: 14.19 in high
x 11.95 in diameter Options: Electronic zoom, dual mode tracker.
AN/AAS-44(V)
High-performance multi-purpose thermal imaging sensor, which
provides long-range surveillance, target acquisition, tracking,
rangefinding, and laser designation for HELLFIRE and all triservice/NATO laser-guided munitions. Features: Six-axis highperformance stabilisation, Real-time image processing/contrast
enhancement, Adaptable interface, dual-mode video tracker,
1553 data bus and/or discrete controls, laser rangefinder/
designator, programmable symbology generators, embedded
maintenance features. Automatic video tracker dual mode
(centroid/area) Optical fields of view: wide 22.5° x 30.0°,
medium 5.0° x 6.67°, narrow 1.26° x 1.68° Electronic fields of
view: 2:1 (0.63° x 0.84°) 4:1 (0.32° x 0.42°) Gimbal angular
coverage: azimuth: 360° continuous, elevation: 60° up, 105°
down. Slew rate: 3 radians/second Maximum airspeed: greater
than 300 knots Interface: 1553B data bus and/or discrete control
Video outputs: RS-170 (525 line), digital. Other formats available
Power: 0.9 kVA, 115 VAC, 3 phase, 400 Hz, 200W 28 VDC.
AN/AAS-52
Multi-Spectral EO/IR Turreted System which provides long-range
surveillance, target acquisition, tracking, range finding, and
laser designation for HELLFIRE and all tri-service/NATO laserguided munitions. AAS-52 is in production for the USAF
Predator UAV and has been selected by the US Army for the
Extended Range Multi-Purpose AUV Features: Six-axis highperformance stabilisation, Real-time image processing/contrast
enhancement, adaptable interface, dual-mode video tracker,
1553 data bus and/or discrete controls, laser rangefinder/
designator, programmable symbology generators, embedded
maintenance features, automatic video tracker dual mode
(centroid/area) Optical fields of view: wide 33° x 44°, medium/
wide 15° x 20°, medium 5.7° x 7.6°, narrow 1.2° x 1.6° ultranarrow 0.6° x 0.8° Gimbal angular coverage: azimuth: 360°
continuous, elevation: 60° up, 105° down Slew rate: 3 radians/
second Maximum airspeed: greater than 300 knots Interface:
1553B data bus and/or discrete control Video outputs: RS-170
(525 line), digital. Other formats available Power: 0.9 kVA, 115
VAC, 3 phase, 400 Hz, 200W 28 VDC.
AN/ZSQ-2
High performance, multi-sensor EO/IR turreted system. It
contains three imaging sensors: an infrared camera with 3-5
micron, indium antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array
detector: an Image Intensified TV; and a Day Color TV. The
sensors are coaxially mounted on a four field-of-view telescope.
The “Assault” version of the ZSQ-2 has a laser pointer and an
eyesafe laser rangefinder. The “Attack” variant has a laser
pointer, Laser Spot Tracker and Laser Designator/Rangefinder.
The ZSQ-2 is in production for the US Army Special Operations
AH-6 Little Birds, MH-60 Blackhawks and CH-47 Chinooks.
ASQ-228 ATFLIR - ADVANCED TARGETING
FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED
Described as the most advanced targeting pod available for the
F/A-18 family, battle tested in Operations Southern Watch,
Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom and deployed with US
fleet squadrons worldwide, ATFLIR provides pinpoint accuracy
and real-time target assessment from long standoff ranges, says
Raytheon Tactical capabilities: precision targeting; long-range
(>40 nautical miles); high-altitude (>50,000 feet) laser
designation; first-pass kill and J-series weapon delivery; eyesafe
and tactical laser ranging; air and ground target tracking; realtime battle damage assessment/indication Current features:
common optical path; continuous auto-boresight alignment;
visible (EO) camera; built-in navigation FLIR (optional) 360° roll
drive unit Focal plane 640 – 480 InSb Spectral band 3.7–5.0
mm Field of view 0.7°, 2.8°, 6.0° Reliability >300-hr MTBF
Supportability - optional 2-level maintenance Testability detection: 95%, isolation: 98% Weight 420 lb (191 kg) Length
72 in (183 cm) Diameter 13 in (33 cm) Planned enhancements:
laser marker, electronics consolidation, sensor fusion, automatic
target recognition, improved EO camera and laser spot tracker,
increased detection range.
TERMINATOR
With two-thirds fewer parts than first-generation systems, this
third-generation infrared targeting system offers four times the
performance and three times the reliability at half the cost. Its
design enables inexpensive two-level maintenance while
providing multifunction targeting pod capabilities Focal plane:
640 x 480 inSb Spectral band: 3.7-5 µm FOV: 0.83°, 5°
Recognition range: 10 nm Reliability: >300-hr MTBF
Testability: detection 95%, isolation 98%.
89
TI FLIR - 49
A low-weight, multiple-purpose, thermal imaging sensor for
navigation, surveillance, maritime, search-and-rescue, and
troop-transport missions. Features: Second-generation focalplane array, electronic image stabilisation, local-area processing,
adaptable interface, dual mode video tracker, 1553 data bus or
discrete controls Fields of view: wide: 22.5 x 30°, middle: 5 x
6.67°, arrow: 1.3 x 1.7° Electronic zoom: 2.1 and 4.1 Gimbal
angular coverage: azimuth: 360° continuous, Elevation: 40° up;
105° down, Gimbal slew rate: 3 radians/second Gimbal
acceleration: head steering compatible @ fixed-wing air speeds
Maximum airspeed: greater than 300 kt Gimbal angle
resolution: less than 100 microadians Environmental: MIL-E5400, Class 1A Interface: 1553B data bus and/or discrete
control. Video outputs (analog/digital) Cooling: self-contained
Weight: turret Unit 57 lb, Electronics Unit; 43 lb TU size: 12.75
in. diameter by 14.68 in height, EU size: 12.06 in. width, 16.28 in.
length, 7.84 in Power: standard aircraft power.
» SAAB DYNAMICS AB
HELIOS/HELITOW
Stabilised direct view optical system for surveillance and
targeting. HeliTOW includes TOW missile tracking and guidance
systems. Sight unit provides gunner with a high resolution
image day and night enabling detection, identification and
tracking of targets at long range. Large fields of view and high
resolution give a high target detection probability in short
search times Magnification: x3 and x12 Fields of view: 20° and
5° Transmission: greater than 27% Diopter settings: -5.25 to
+4.00 diopters Line of sight deflection: +/- 25° in elevation, +/120° in azimuth Stabilisation: line of sight jitter less than 15
microradians RMS. Helios/HeliTOW has been installed on six
helicopter types including the Agusta A109 and A129, the Bell
406CS, the Eurocopter AS 550 and BO 105. More than 200
systems have been delivered and are in service with the
Swedish Army, the Royal Danish Army, the Italian Army, the
Royal Belgian Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force and the
Nigerian Air Force.
SEOS
Stabilised Electro-Optical System for surveillance and targeting.
Developed using experience from Helios and Helitow
programmes Basic system: 8-12 micron thermal imager, TV
cameras, laser rangefinder Options: laser designator, missile
tracker/beam rider unit, low light level TV camera, 3-5 micron
thermal imager Sensor head: 50 kg weight, 0.5 m diameter, 0.7
m height Field of regard: +/- 200° azimuth with an option for n
x 360°, -30° to +85° elevation. Max traverse rate 100./sec
Sensor field of view: available within different intervals; narrow
1.5°, medium 6.0°, wide 18.0° (approximate figures)
Stabilisation: line of sight jitter under 15 mircroradians RMS
Image processing: automatic target detection and tracking,
image freeze/store, area tracking, thermal cueing, electronic
magnification, image integration, graphics generation
and overlay Interface architecture: 1553B, RS422, others
available. Built-in test: power-up test, function monitoring,
integrated BIT.
90
Just another day at the office.
» SAGEM DÉFENSE SECURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP)
OLOSP
Steerable, infrared and visible dual-sensor platform, specially
devised for airborne surveillance and also comprises an
electronic control unit and a hand controller or laptop Main
features: steerable, hardened, watertight, 4-axis stabilised
turret Stabilisation noise: < 5 mrad RMS Azimuth coverage:
360° Elevation coverage: +20° to -120° Video output IR: RS170
or CCIR Video output Visible: RS170 or CCIR/PAL Diameter:
350 mm, or 410 mm, according to requirement. Height: 500
mm Turret Weight: <30 kg Power supply: 18 - 32 VDC Power
consumption: <15 A. Can be offered in two versions: IRIS and
MATIS IRIS: 8-12 µm camera, based on IRCMOS technology, 288
x 4 elements, with multiple fields-of-view NFOV: 4° (H) x 3° (V)
WFOV: 18° (H) x 13.5° (V) Magnification: 1.6x and 7.5x MATIS:
3-5 µm camera base on InSb technology. 768 x 512 elements
(with microscan) or MCT (HgCdTe) technology, 640 x 480
elements (with microscan) NFOV: 1.3° (H) x 0.9° V) WFOV: 26°
(h) x 18° (V). Continuous zoom x 20. Environment: MIL-STD-810
E, compatible with naval environment. System Integration :
MIL-STD 1553, 1760 bus interface, real time image transmission
to ground station. OLOSP is fully qualified in flight conditions
and integrates an automated target tracking capability. It
integrates with TV sensors, 3-CCD colour cameras or high
resolution black and white sensors. In June 2007, Sagem
Défense Sécurité signed a contract with Eurocopter for the
supply of OLOSP systems to equip the French Navy’s AS 565
Panther helicopters. It also equips the NH90 naval versions
(NFH). The program will provide the French Navy with a logistics
chain that is the same as the one used for the Panther and
NH90 NFH helicopters for the NAHEMA program and NH90 TTH
for international customers.
OSIRIS
Mast-mounted sight for anti-tank UHT Tigers, part of the long
range TRIGAT anti-armour missile system. Used for terrain
observation, target acquisition and fire control. Gyrostabilised
sight head contains a thermal imager, a TV camera and a laser
rangefinder Thermal imager: 8-12 micron Condor 1 IRIS 2nd
generation based on a 6 x 288 element array of IRCMOS
technology Telescope: varies the field of view from 30° x 40°
down to less than 1° TV camera: CCD, visible, near IR bands,
three fields of view: 8° x 6°, 2.5° x 1.98° and 0.75° x 0.56° Laser
rangefinder: 1.54 micron eyesafe Localiser: IR goniometer for
HOT missiles. Up to four targets (selected by the gunner) can be
engaged at once, tracking them automatically and handing each
off to a TRIGAT seeker. Fire control processors pre-point the
seekers and perform an image correlation to ensure that each
missile is looking at the right target and can lock onto it. For
HOT, the digital processing control unit tracks targets in two IR
bands simultaneously to improve jamming resistance.
For aircrew, the office is always a busy place. To
carry out their missions successfully they need
every assistance to help understand and deal
with the threat environment. That’s why we
developed the Helicopter Integrated Defensive
Aids System (HIDAS) utilising multi-spectral
sensors and pre-loaded intelligence to produce
comprehensive tactical pictures of the
operating environment.
The system offers optimum self-protection by
rapidly identifying hostile weapon systems
F u r t h e r o n.
and initiating appropriate tactics and
countermeasures. Radar, laser and missile
warning systems, not to mention a
countermeasures dispensing system, combine
to take the weight off the crew’s shoulders.
Working closely with industry partners we can
integrate the best sensor and countermeasure
technologies available to help those who
routinely go into harm’s way, and get them
home safely after a hard day at the office.
www.selex-sas.com
STRIX/NIGHTOWL
Roof- or nose-mounted reconnaissance and weapon aiming
sights for helicopters. Strix is designed for terrain observation,
target acquisition (detection, recognition, identification and
localisation) and aiming guns, rockets, air-to-air missiles, laser
guided weapons and fire-and-forget missiles. Nightowl adds
anti-tank capabilities including designation for laser homing
missiles. It integrates a two-axis stabilisation and automatic
inflight boresighting that add precision. The STRIX and Nightowl
sights are integrated to various platforms: all Tiger versions as
well as the Rooivalk helicopters Field of regard: +/- 120°
azimuth, -25 to +40° elevation Direct view optics (Strix): wide
FoV 12°, narrow FoV 3.5° Mass (Strix): on-roof sighting head 83
kg, complete system 105 kg IRIS thermal imager: Long wave IR
IRIS FoV: 39x30°, 6.2x4.6°, 2.1x1.6° Zoom 1.1x0.8°. Both
systems include eye safe laser rangefinder or rangefinder/
designator. CCD TV camera: CCIR 625 lines FoV: 2 or 3
depending on application Bus interface: 1553B.
VIVIANE
Gyro-stabilised night and adverse weather observation system
and missile sight. Fitted to French Army Gazelles. Contains a
direct view optical sight, a thermal imager, a laser rangefinder
and a localiser/goniometer for HOT missiles Direct view optics:
2 selectable FoVs; 17° (3.3x mag) and 5° (11x mag) Thermal
imager: 8-12 micron camera, 4 selectable FoVs; 39° x 30° (1.5x
mag), 6.2° x 4.6° (7.5x mag), 2.1° x 1.6° (19x mag) and 1.1° x 0.8°
Rangefinder: 1.06 micron laser, accurate to +/-5 m at 10 km
Missile localiser: HOT 3 anti-jamming goniometer Field of
regard: +/- 120° in azimuth, -25° to +30° in elevation Weights:
sighting head 78 kg, total assembly 99 kg.
» SAMSUNG/THALES
nominal 340 Watts typical. Databus: Mil Std 1553B, RS422,
ARINC 429. Built-in test: automatic fault detection and
isolation. Options: autotracker, radar slaving, laser illuminators,
digital VCRs, datalinks, control units, NVG filters. Application:
Fixed- and rotary-wing platforms for situation awareness,
surveillance and targeting missions.
helicopter
specifications
» THALES
weapon
AGILE (Airborne Gyrostabilised Infrared
Light Equipment)
specifications
Dual/Tri/Quad sensor system for day and night surveillance,
observation, border and maritime patrol, law enforcement and
SAR missions. Can be installed on fixed-wing aircraft,
helicopters, UAVs and naval vessels. Sensors: High-res 3-5
micron thermal imager (8-12 microns as option), high res colour
CCD TV, Eye-safe 1.54 micron laser rangefinder, near IR laser
pointer. IR FoV: from 27x20° to 2.2x1.6° with continuous zoom.
TV FoV: from 50x38° to 2.2x1.6° with continuous zoom.
Rangefinder range: 15 km. Pointer range: 8 km. Stabilisation: 3
or 4 axes 4 optional. Weight: 17 kg. Dimensions: 30 cm diameter
x 45 cm height. Options include: radar and searchlight coupling,
map slaving, autotracker, auto-scanning, image contrast
enhancement, GPS overlay, image enhancement & datalink.
helmet-mounted
displays and nvgS
sensors
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
guide to military
COMPASS
Compact Multi-Purpose Advanced Stabilised System designed
for day/night search and tracking of land, sea and air targets,
weapons control and navigation. A modular, adaptable system
with plug-and-play interfaces. Day sensor: colour zoom CCD
camera (interchangeable with B&W). Thermal sensor: interchangeable 8-12 micron and 3-5 micron imagers. Lasers: rangefinder or designator. Autotracker: improved, capable against air,
land and sea targets. Bus interfaces: Mil Std 1553, RS422.
helicopter fleets
guide to SUPPLIERS
PRODUCT GUIDE
EOTS-31
Electro-Optical Tracking System for fixed-wing aircraft,
helicopters and UAVs. Sensors: Mid-wave thermal imager, TV
camera. Thermal imager: 640x480 element, 3-5 micron
(actually 3.7-4.8) cooled HgCdTe detector: FoV: max 40x30°,
min 2x1.5°. Min focal distance: 10 m. Minimum Resolvable
Temperature Difference (MRTD): 0.03°C @ 1 cy/mr in narrow
FoV. Zoom: x20 optical in 26 steps, x2 electronic. TV camera:
CCD with >480 lines resolution. FoV: 20.4x15.6° to 2.2x1.65°.
Stabilisation accuracy: <50 mrad. Azimuth: n x360°.
Elevation: -100 to +5°. Operating temp tolerance: -32 to +55°C.
Environmental standards: Mil-Std 810E and 461D. Dimensions:
354 mm diameter x 510 mm height. Weight: <37 kg.
TITAN 385 MULTI SENSOR TURRET SYSTEM
15 in ruggedised, radar hardened Stabilised turret for 24-hour,
all-weather operations. Gimbal: Continuous rotation in azimuth
and elevation third axis gyro Stabilised look down. Stability: 80
micro radians. Slewing rate: up to 100° per second. Principal
modes: cage, pointing, search and track, sector scan, heading
hold, park. Weight: 45 kg. Sensor options: IR camera: 3rd
generation staring focal plane array, 3-5µm or 8-10µm. Narrow
FoV: to 1.8° plus electronic magnification. Daylight Camera:
monochrome or colour CCD TV, 800 TV lines resolution, 20:1
optical zoom. Low Light Camera: Starlight to sunlight, anti
blooming with over exposure immunity. Narrow FoV: 8.8°.
Laser Range Finder: 1.54µm, eye-safe. Pilotage FLIR: Wide
FoV, uncooled 256 x 128, 8-12µm array. Video display: CCIR 625
lines, 50 Hz or EAI RS170 525 lines 60 Hz. Power: 28Vdc
92
» URALS OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL
PLANT (UOMZ)
GOES 342
Observing and sighting system for Ka-50 combat helicopter and
its modifications. Day-and-night acquisition and recognition of
ground and surface targets; laser ranging sighting of machine
guns; guns and unguided missiles aircraft missile guidance.
Standard components: FOV stabilisation system; TV channel;
“Module-Avia” thermal imaging channel; laser range finder;
direction finder. Range of sighting angles: +/- 230° az, -115 to
+25° el. Working temp range: +/- 50° C. Dimensions: 460 x
6130 mm. Weight: 185 kg.
GOES 520
Day-and-night observing system for Ka-50 combat helicopter
and its modifications. Standard components: low-level TV
channel; thermal imaging channel. Range of sighting angles:
+/- 180° az, -85 to +35° el. Working temp range: +/- 50° C.
Dimensions: 350 x 500 mm. Weight: 45 kg.
SPECIFICATIONS
INTEGRATED MISSION
SYSTEMS
A selection of the major companies that integrate military mission systems into
helicopters.
Helicopter manufacturers are capable of completing this kind of work, but more
are now partnering with outside systems houses such as those listed here. The
entries in this section include examples of their work, which is tailored to the
requirements of individual customers.
Entries are ordered alphabetically by company name.
the editor.
SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated mission systems
» ELBIT SYSTEMS
» GENERAL DYNAMICS CANADA
HELICOM
MARITIME MISSION SYSTEMS
‘Next generation’, fully digital, integrated C3 and mission
management system designed to provide crew with data
communications; accurate, real time tactical pictures and make
the whole process easier, friendlier and more accessible than
ever before. Advanced GUI and digital map features combine for
mission management. The modular system has been designed
to grow as needs evolve, from a single helicopter, to a
formation, to an air force. Installed in a wide variety of
platforms, HELICOM was developed by active pilots whose
combat experience is incorporated into all facets. Designed to
be intuitive to operate, it features: a graphical user interface
with mission editing; touch-screen control and single-hand
Mouse/HOCAS operation. It is based on a digital moving map
tactical situation display and an advanced data link that
operates on up to four independent nets using on-board radios
for data communications with voice override. It calculates:
times, fuel, distances, and bearings; from the map it works out
LoS, obstacles, LoS against height, and threats. It also calculates
available performance according to altitude, temperature and
available power. The command and control station is based on a
rugged laptop.
GD Canada teamed with Sikorsky as mission systems integrator
for the H-92, which was selected as the CH-148 Cyclone, winning
Canada’s Maritime Helicopter Project (MHP). The company’s
airborne systems division has over 25 years of experience in the
design, engineering development and field-support of airborne
applications. This includes integration of maritime aircraft
equipped with acoustic suites controlled by a sophisticated data
management system within operator consoles consisting of stateof-the-art control panels, ancillary devices and 20” flat panel
displays. It has also integrated tactical radar displays and situation
display and mission consoles for NATO AWACS aircraft. A key
factor in the company’s approach is to employ the Quality
Function Deployment and Integrated Product Development
methodologies with customers and end users. This ensures a low
risk, optimum design for the application, taking into consideration
the combination of minimum/maximum operational requirements,
available state-of-the-art Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS)
components, and design to cost considerations. GD Canada has
fielded totally integrated solutions that cover the whole acoustic
spectrum (sonobuoy receivers, trainers, recorders, post-flight
analysis systems, and appropriate interfaces to all available data
management systems). Such acoustic systems feature:
sonobuoy processing up to 64 DIFAR full band; proprietary
algorithms that provide a consistent reliable detection and
localisation capability for broadband and transient emissions; the
ability to simultaneously process dipping sonar and sonobuoys.
Helicopter Mission Systems
Elbit Systems is a major systems supplier integrator for Israeli
Air Force Helicopters. It has systems on around 4,000 military
helicopters of over 16 types including CH-53D/E, AH-1S/W, A-109,
CH-46E, CH-47D, Puma 330, UH-60/HH-60, AS-565, UH-1N, Mi17
and Mi-24. State-of-the-art open architecture technology
assures modularity and flexibility and eases customisation and
upgrades. ‘Fused’ avionics minimise the number of units and,
along with comprehensive test equipment for all maintenance
levels, reduces life-cycle costs. Its mission systems are based on
a set of core technologies including: Mission Computer (MC)
for effective sensor, display, fire control and mission
management; Helmet Sight and Display System to present
flight and mission information by day and night directly in the
pilot’s field of view and to provide slaving capabilities to sensors;
Stabilised Electro-optical Payloads for day and night
observation and detection, recognition and identification of
targets at all ranges; Multi-Function Colour Displays; Digital
Map System that presents real-time maps in different scales
and formats overlaid with tactical information; Cockpit
Integration Unit, which is a powerful cockpit and avionics
control computer with LCD display terminal; ground-based
Mission Planning and Debrief Station for managing all
mission-related data such as navigational routes, threats,
targets, communication and stores; Data Link and C4I
system that fuses all available battlefield information, delivers
mission critical information and presents a clear picture to
pilots and all command levels; Obstacle Warning System
alerts crew to obstacles.
94
» HELI-DYNE SYSTEMS
Maritime mission systems for the Bell 412EP ‘Sentinel’
Sentinel mission equipment packages are designed to be rapidly
reconfigurable between roles. All configurations include navigation
and communications equipment, a searchlight, dual sensor electrooptical pod and floats as basic aircraft special mission equipment.
All configurations include navigation and communications
equipment, a searchlight, dual sensor electro-optical pod and floats
as basic aircraft special mission equipment. Mission specific
systems include: an electronic flight instrument system, an
integrated flight control system, a search and surveillance radar
system, a dipping sonar system, a head-up display, a flight
management system, a thermal imager and day TV stabilised
electro-optical turret, a searchlight and a 600 lb rescue hoist. The
maritime patrol nav and comms suite includes a tactical
communication system, a high-frequency single-side-band
transceiver, an airborne transponder, a nav / ILS receiver, automatic
direction finder and distance measuring equipment. Mission
configurations: ‘ASW 1’ includes an operator console, sonar
console and equipment and seat; ‘ASW IIA’ includes torpedoes,
operator console and seat; while ‘ASW IIB’ includes torpedoes and
cockpit systems operator station; ‘ASV I’ features an operator
console and seat and, optionally, a hoist and cargo hook; ‘ASV II’
features the operator console, seat and missiles; while ‘ASV III’
includes missiles and a cockpit systems operator station; ‘SAR I’
includes hoist, seat, rappel bars and two litters plus optional rag/
tube seat capability, cargo hook and auxiliary fuel; ‘SAR II’ has 4
litters, aux fuel, hoist, cargo hook, two extra litters and rappel bars
as extras; ‘Tactical / Utility’ features rappel bars as standard and
rag/tube seat capability, aux fuel and cargo hook as options.
Integrated mission systems « SPECIFICATIONS
» ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES LAHAV, MATA,
ELTA AND TAMAM DIVISIONS
COMBAT HELICOPTER UPGRADES
Lahav Division led the development of the upgrade package for
the Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopters along with other IAI divisions,
which supplied combat-proven systems. The upgrade package
utilises subsystems, which were designed for the Russian Mi-35
and KA-50-2 attack helicopters. Mata is responsible for the
installation design of both the cockpit panels and the various
avionics systems as well as for adapting the cockpit to be NVGcompatible. The Tamam division is responsible for supplying the
HMOSP observation & targeting payload and the pilot ‘smart’
helmet. The Elta Division is responsible for the helicopter’s selfprotection system, supplying advanced Electronic Warfare
components. This Upgrade Package can be tailored to the
specific requirements of any Mi-17 user. The upgraded Mi-17 will
be capable of performing missions around the clock and in
adverse weather conditions. Moreover, EW and armament
packages will significantly improve the helicopter’s offensive
and defensive capabilities. The Tactical Upgrade Package
offered by IAI expands the helicopter’s mission envelope by
providing full capabilities at night and in adverse weather and
by significantly improving its battlefield survivability. IAI will
provide its customers with full support for the helicopter by
applying modern technologies based on western standards.
MATA is also responsible for the CH-53-2000 upgrade, a Bell 212
upgrade, conversion of the 206 to police operations and the
new integrated avionics system for the HAL Dhruv Advanced
Light Helicopter.
DHRUV Advanced Light Helicopter Demonstrator Cockpit
The Lahav ALH avionics system features the company’s proven
Display and Mission Computer with its Operational Flight
Program software and is based on operational programs
developed for the Israel Air Force and other customers. The ALH
with Lahav’s avionics package and cockpit layout, provides:
integrated displays for each stage of the mission; optimised
system management and operation; colour coded tactical
situation picture for rapid monitoring of the helicopter and its
surroundings; safe day/night/adverse weather operation under
all environmental conditions, including full NVG compatibility;
along with maximised flexibility and growth potential utilising
modular avionics with open architecture, MIL-STD-1553B data
bus and other commonly used interfaces. Off-the-shelf avionics
subsystems include: Display and Mission Computer; four (4) 8”
x 6” LCD, Multi Function Colour Displays providing glasscockpit features; two (2) Control and Display Units for data
entry, flight management functions, subsystem control and
system status display; Doppler/GPS for pinpoint navigation;
Radio Altimeter.
» LOCKHEED MARTIN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
AGUSTAWESTLAND MERLIN HM MK 1
The aircraft has a state-of-the-art, integrated mission system,
which processes data from an extensive array of on-board
sensors, giving Merlin an independent capability to search for,
locate and attack submarine targets. It is this autonomous
capability which makes Merlin unique among ASW helicopters
and enhances its multi-mission capabilities. The aircraft and its
mission system are managed by two computer systems, linked
by dual data buses. The cockpit is designed for operation by a
single pilot, with the auto-pilot allowing for hands-off flight for
most of the mission. Normally flown by a crew of three - pilot,
observer and aircrewman - Merlin is equipped with the
Thomson-Marconi active ‘dunking’ (dipping) sonar which gives
enhanced submarine detection ranges, and the GEC Marconi
AQS 903 acoustic processor. All crew stations can access the
management computers and operate the tactical displays.
These are fed by the Marconi Blue Kestrel radar which
possesses full 360-degree coverage and an ability to TrackWhile-Scan surface contacts. It can also pass tactical
information via a datalink to other participating units. Upgrades
to the aircraft’s mission system are being carried out under the
Merlin Capability Sustainment Plus (CSP) programme led by
Lockheed Martin UK Ltd.
AGUSTAWESTLAND MERLIN CAPABILITY
SUSTAINMENT PLUS (MCSP)
MCSP is a long-term effort intended to ‘future-proof’ the RN’s
Merlin Mk1 multi-role maritime helicopter for the next 25 years
or so, not least by improving Littoral and anti-surface
capabilities. The upgrade is centred on a new tactical mission
system and Human Machine Interface (HMI), but also includes a
new aircraft management computer, fly-by-wire controls, a new
NVG-compatible cockpit, an FN Herstal M3M 12.7 mm machine
gun in a pod and improvements to the communications system,
the radar, the acoustic processor and the training system. The
tactical mission system and the aircraft management
computers will have IBM PowerPC 700 chips and will be
assembled into hardware by LM System Integration in Owego,
New York State, but loaded with software developed in
Portsmouth. The cockpit will get seven 12-inch (across the
diagonal) XGA (1,024 x 768) flat-panel colour active-matrix LCD
screens, five in a row across the cockpit and two just below
them in the centre console. As well as flight information and
aircraft systems data, these can all display the tactical picture,
sensor data and totes (lists of target information laid out like
spreadsheets). Each of the two mission consoles in the back
will have a 24-inch WUXGA (1,920 x 1,200) flat-panel colour
MFDs and two 12-inch touch-screen control and display panels
known as Integrated Display Units. Cursor control for the big
screen is via joystick, trackball and button. Slightly to the left
of centre on the big screen and taking up just over two-thirds of
its area is the tactical map. Right-clicking on any object on the
map, a target for example, reveals a drop-down menu listing
everything that the operator can do with that target, such as,
transmit it on the data link, change its classification, or delete it
for example. To the left of the map on the big screen is a vertical
window of small panels containing alphanumeric navigation,
communication, target and weapon data. To the right of the
map is a pair of square windows used, for example, to display
totes of detailed target information, tactical plan graphics or
the image from the radar. Both synthetic aperture and inverse
synthetic aperture radar capabilities are part of MCSP. These
can also be shown in the centre window in place of the map.
Tracks are filtered by environment, hostility, by range and
bearing from the aircraft, and by the source of the track. The
information is presented to the operator in a way that supports
the work flow of the battle. The MCSP contract is valued at
£750 million, covers the upgrade of 30 aircraft, plus options
for up to eight more, and runs from 2006 until 2014, unless the
Navy exercises the options (though these are likely to be
required to meet the RN’s MASC AEW requirement), which
would add about another year.
95
AH-1 COBRA MODERNISATION
Lockheed Martin’s modernisation programme enhances and
extends the life of the AH-1 Cobra aircraft, while reducing the
total ownership cost. AH-1 crews will have the ability to fly or
fight from either cockpit position. LM provides a turnkey
approach to program management, integration, testing and
product support. Following initial aircraft certification and
weapons qualification, upgrade production kits can be installed
by LM personnel or the customer. Solutions are tailored to
customer needs and include training and support services.
MH-60R/S MISSION SYSTEMS
Lockheed Martin is the prime systems integration contractor for
the MH-60R Multi-Mission Helicopter program with total
responsibility to oversee all systems integration efforts. The MH60R or Romeo, is the next generation of the successful Light
Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) MK III SH-60B. The
MH-60S, or Sierra, is fulfilling the Vertical Replenishment
mission of the CH-46 helicopter and will take the lead in
assuming the armed helicopter role and Organic Mine
Countermeasures mission. The US Navy’s Helicopter Master
Plan consolidates most of the fleet into these two models.
Lockheed Martin is integrating the flight avionics systems,
including the Navy H-60 Common Cockpit, mission avionics
systems and stores and defence systems. Common Cockpit is
based on open architecture and commercial-off-the-shelf
technology, including: Four 8”x10” full colour, night vision
device-capable, sunlight-readable displays; digital
communications suite; common programmable keysets; fully
integrated GPS and inertial navigation system; mass memory
data storage; rugged integrated mission computer. In addition, a
new flight management computer and new operational software
provide for greatly increased operational capability. Pre-flight
initialisation is simplified with Lockheed Martin’s Mission
Planning System. Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (MHT)/Data
Fusion project has migrated from AWACS where it provided
fusion of radar, identification friend or foe (IFF), manual and offboard data to the MH-60R where it fuses new sensors such as
ESM, acoustics and additional off-board data, and by adding
track ID classification. Airborne Mine Countermeasures:
Lockheed Martin is developing and integrating Airborne Mine
Countermeasures (AMCM) electronics to sensors and mine
countermeasures equipment on two test MH-60S aircraft.
Armed Helo: the MH-60S is set to become the Navy’s primary
Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) platform, replacing the HH60H. Integrated into this version will be a new CSAR package
and a number of MH-60R systems.
96
Integrated mission systems « SPECIFICATIONS
» NORTHROP GRUMMAN
» RAFAEL
» SAAB
H-1 FAMILY OF AVIONICS
HELICOAT COMBAT HELICOPTER UPGRADE SUITE
Core Avionics - Navigation and digital map system: Enhanced
GPS/INS, air data, TACAN, ADF. Communications suite: RT-1794
fully integrated VHF/UHF. EW and self-protection: radar
warning, CHAFF/FLARE, missile warning, laser warning. Full
glass cockpit with HOCAS controls: common high-resolution
displays, Common screen formats (for core functions), common
HOCAS designs (for core functions), AH-1Z full ‘flight and fight’
from both front and back seats, 1,024 x 768 pixel displays, full
access/control at all locations. Expansion Options - added pilot
night vision system, incorporation of fire-control radar,
implementation of Longbow missile, image capture,
compression and data link. AH-1Z Unique - wing stores
weapons management and control: laser guided Hellfire,
Sidewinder, 2.75 in. rockets, bombs/flares. 20 mm Gatling gun:
digital gun turret and A/G-A/A ballistics. Target sighting
system: 3rd generation FLIR, colour TV, stabilised turret.
Integrated helmet display and sighting system: visor
projected, integral I2 cameras, accurate DC magnetic tracker.
UH-1Y Unique - communication suite expansion: added VHF/
UHF, expansion to SATCOM. Night targeting and pilot sensor.
Centralised Avionic Mission Management Computer (AMMC):
processes, fuses, displays and controls functions. Full avionic
mission management computer and display redundancy;
modular avionics components and modular, scaleable software.
AMMC developed using high-performance technology in
accordance with open architecture standards.
HeliCOAT is an advanced weapon package for the modernisation
and upgrading of helicopters. It enables any helicopter to carry
out an attack mission, day or night and in adverse weather
conditions. It enables the engagement of multiple targets, hard
or soft, at long and stand-off range with pinpoint accuracy and
maximum helicopter and crew survivability. The HeliCOAT
system includes: Spike ER missiles and launcher; TOPLITE
observation system; self-protection & EW System; AEROGEM
electro-optical self protection suite. AEROGEM protects
helicopters and wide body fixed wing aircraft against ground-toair, air-to-air and multi task missiles. It consists of a the System
Processing Unit, passive missile warning system and JAM-AIR,
the directional infra-red countermeasure system. For added
protection, the system also integrates a Chaff and Flare
Dispensing System (CFDS). HeliCOAT also includes: Helmet
Mounted Sight with night flight capability; modified cockpit;
moving map; multi-function control and display unit; pilot’s
monitor; right and left handgrips.
TACTICAL MISSION SYSTEM FOR HELICOPTER
APPLICATIONS
INTEGRATED TACTICAL AVIONICS SYSTEM (ITAS)
Northrop Grumman is a major producer of tactical information
management systems for maritime patrol, anti-submarine and
anti-surface warfare, search-and-rescue and related applications.
The Northrop Grumman AN/ASN-150 and AN/ASN-123 systems
are in use with the US Navy and US Coast Guard, as well as a
large number of international customers on such platforms as
the SH-2F/G, SH-3H, SH-60F, HH-60H/J, S-70B/C and CH-124B.
The latest generation in this family, known as the Integrated
Tactical Avionics System (ITAS), introduces the latest processing
and display technologies and architectures into such applications
for both fixed and rotary-wing platforms. Northrop Grumman
also produces a full range of mission support and integration
systems to support these airborne applications. Equipment
include: Avionics Mission Management Computer; H-1 Integrated
Avionics System; Integrated Communications Suites; Integrated
Helmet Display and Sighting Subsystem; Integrated Weapons
Management and Control; Mission Operational Flight Programs.
HELICOPTER SYSTEMS
RAFAEL develops and markets a wide range of modern systems
and technologies, developed for helicopter applications. These
systems combined, form the HeliCOAT suite, available as a
complete programme or as separate systems to fit any
customer’s needs. The suite includes the well-known precision
guided missile SPIKE-ER, a self-protection suite, highly efficient
digital communications including a datalink, a variety of armour
solutions, leading safety features such as external airbags,
electro-optic five-sensor payloads for day and night operation
and additional special features that support the helicopter crew
in day, night and adverse weather operations. RAFAEL offers
‘turn key’ modernisation programmes, including a completely
modern avionic suite and system certification tests and analysis.
» RAYTHEON
ARMY AIRBORNE COMMAND AND CONTROL
SYSTEM (A2C2S)
Command post integrated into a Black Hawk helicopter. The
A2C2S operates equally well as an airborne or a ground TOC.
The A2C2S provides five work stations and the ability for the
Tactical Commander and staff to be where they need to be to
most effectively command and control forces during critical
missions. Combat Operations in Iraq have proven the A2C2S to
be a force multiplier, essential to successful military operations
on modern battlefields. It supports echelons above corps, corps,
division, and manoeuvre brigade commanders. Offers up to five
reconfigurable and removable user stations and two large
common displays. Hosts selected ABCS software programs.
Open systems architecture implemented. Interoperable with
other C2 systems. Replaces obsolete AN/ASC-15B/C C2 consoles.
Supports C2 requirements for missions ranging from
humanitarian assistance to deep operations in high intensity
conflict. Provides situational awareness & C2 through C4I digital
connectivity. Enables commander and his staff to traverse
battlespace to critical places at critical times. Provides robust
line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight voice and digital data
communications package.
The Saab tactical mission system is an advanced and flexible
system for transport, utility, command & control and combat
helicopters intended to operate in a net-centric environment. It
is designed to be upgraded easily and adapted to new and
changed missions without interfering with the flight critical parts
of the core helicopter. The system is based on modular kits that
can be quickly added to meet mission-specific needs. The system
meets the most rigid requirement in the Nordic standard
helicopter program and was chosen for the Swedish NH90
helicopter. Saab has the overall responsibility for design
development and integration, including sensor handling and data
fusion. It draws on products and competencies developed in the
Gripen programme and other air, land and maritime applications.
The Tactical Mission System is designed around a core ‘main
system computer’ with application software for integration of
the different subsystems such as radar, sonar, detectors and
electronic warfare systems, sensor and weapons management,
mission management and mission support systems. The core is
built around Saab’s new distributed modular avionics where the
traditional electronic boxes have been replaced by standardised
easily modified modules that interact over a local network. Core
functionality constitutes advanced multi-role tactical mission
functionalities for cockpit and crew, including a digital map,
sensor handling and comprehensive recording functionality and
tactical communication supported by mission planning and
preparation, post flight analysis. Tactical radar IFF, tactical
electro-optical system and an electronic warfare suite will
contribute to enhance the situational awareness for the pilots. A
mission management system is included in the cabin, hosted in a
set of operator consoles for the operators. The naval operations
are supported by a modern acoustic system included as one of
the multi-role mission kits in the Saab Tactical Mission System.
The Tactical Mission System (TMS) is fully NATO-compatible and
can be integrated with existing C2 infrastructures as well as with
secure network ground facilities.
» SAGEM DÉFENSE SÉCURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP)
HELICOPTER MODERNISATION
Sagem has acquired a unique combination of expertise in all the
technologies required for helicopter modernisation, drawn from
aircraft systems integration, mission planning, optronics, fire
control, airframe modification, cockpit enhancement and
logistic support. It is a leader in helicopter flight control and
autopilot systems. Other skills developed in house, already
chosen for major European helicopter programmes, also allows
Sagem to provide complete helicopter retrofit solutions
designed to enhance operational capabilities. The systems cover
a large range of missions such as: observation, engagement,
Combat Search and Rescue (C-SAR) and special operations.
Sagem Défense Sécurité’s modernization packages are
generally based on a central computer and flight management
system. Depending on needs, the following units can then be
added: Gyrostabilized optronics sensors, Navigation system
(SIGMA), Attitude sensors (APIRS), glass cockpit, digital
cartography, mission planning and post-flight analysis systems,
autopilot, night and day-night cameras (FLIR), 3rd generation
night vision goggles, self-protection, data links. For military or
parapublic applications, the company is involved in important
programs such as the AS 350, AS 565 Panther, EC 725 Caracal
C-SAR, Tigre, NH90 and UH-72A Lakota.
97
HELIPSYS, MISSION PREPARATION AND RESTITUTION SYSTEM
Capitalizing on numerous mission planning systems for aircraft,
such as the recent MPME (mission preparation module for
helicopter crews) for the French Army Aviation (ALAT) awarded
by the French Ministry of Defense, Sagem Défense Sécurité
offers Helipsys as a mission planning and debriefing system for
helicopters. Helipsys provides all the services necessary to
prepare and debrief missions, including the following: Analysis
of cartographic data; Calculation of the best trajectories by
taking into account all data from operational theatres, in
particular the presence of identified air defence systems, with
intervisibility zones according to topography; Calculation of
flight data (mass, centring, performance, autonomy, etc) using
the flight manual data; Consideration of tactical situation data
by transfer from an operational information system; Read out of
mission planning data; Software debriefing and ‘experience
feedback’; Network operation that allows several helicopters’
missions to be planned simultaneously so that the best tactical
plans can be drawn up. Designed for use in joint and combinedarms foreign operations, Helipsys can be used by mounted
helicopter forces on aircraft carriers.
INTEGRATED COCKPIT DISPLAY SYSTEM (ICDS)
GLASS COCKPIT
Sagem Défense Sécurité’s new ICDS instrument panels are
designed to equip or modernize existing helicopters. Fitted with
Multi Function Display (MFD) of flight parameters, they are
flexible and can also display video or images from an onboard
sensor. Built into its slim 5-cm depth is a powerful computer
processor capable of updating all flight dynamics, engine
performance, navigation information and communication data
in real-time. A two display suite provides full panel
instrumentation. The screens exist in 6”, 8” and 10” versions.
They are ITAR Free and certified TSO. In the USA, they will equip
the Los Angeles Police Department’s helicopters AS 350 B2
fleet as part of a modernization program awarded to Sagem
Avionics Inc. Display: AMLCD ; Glass size: 10,4”, 8,4”, 6,4”.
Input voltage: 10-35VDC ; Power (max): 50 watts, 14-28 volts ;
Operating temp: -20° to + 70° ; Storage temp: -40° to 80°C ;
Serial I/O: 4-RS232/422. Inputs: 8 discrete, NTSC Option,
External Brightness Control, External Turn-Push Knobs, External
Keyboard. Outputs: 16 discrete, audio output. Certifications:
TSO C113, TSO C44B, RTCA DO-178B, AS-8034, DO160D.
(Formerly BAE Systems Avionics)
Mi-172 Cockpit Demonstrator
BAE Systems Avionics Group (now Selex) has developed an
integrated cockpit and mission system for the Kazan Mi-172 in
cooperation with Kelowna Flightcraft Limited, Kazan and the Mil
design bureau and also offers a package for the upgrade of Mil
Mi-24 and 35 combat helicopters. The Mi-17 cockpit includes:
Honeywell Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS); tactical
colour multi function display with digital moving map, FLIR/
LLTV/CTV imagery, systems status page, electronic warfare
page, electronic checklists; Selex Titan 385 stabilised multisensor turret system installed and operating; simulation
package to demonstrate TERPROM functions within digital
moving map terrain database; Martin Baker replacement light
weight crew seat; demonstration of improved crew interface to
minimise cockpit workload.
98
» SINGAPORE TECHNOLOGIES AEROSPACE
HELICOPTER AVIONICS AND MISSION UPGRADES
Singapore Technologies Aerospace (ST Aero) provides
customised, integrated helicopter mission systems through its
Engineering and Development Centre, using a wide selection of
sub-systems from suppliers worldwide. Tactical Situational
Awareness: The Integrated Mission System combines low level
sensor data from the electronics warfare system, navigational
system and terrain database, and presents a high level of
customised information to improve pilots’ decision making and
reduce workload. Centralised Radio Management System:
manages communication and navigation functions. This is a
marked capability improvement over conventional radio controls.
Digital Moving Map System is incorporated with terrain warning
mechanism, enhances tactical information display. Tactical
battlefield information overlays the map and flight plan to give
the pilots improved mission awareness. It can also provide pilots
with the optimum flight plan using real-time computations.
Survivability Enhancement: can select and integrate selfprotection suites best suited to the customer’s environment or
integrate a customer-selected SPS. All-Weather Day & Night
Operations: NVG-compatible cockpit features system-generated
terrain following cue, based on digital terrain elevation data,
assists pilots in adverse visibility conditions and night operations.
» TADIRAN SPECTRALINK
ADVANCED COMBAT INTEGRATED SAR (ACIS)
Digital map-based Combat SAR mission management system
that uses the core elements and operating modes of Tadiran’s
Airborne Search And Rescue System (ASARS) family, including
ASARS-G, and adds many essential C3I modes. The main
elements of ACIS are an Advanced Interface Mission
Computer (AIMC) and an MFD with a moving map engine. This
includes several types of colour maps with survivor data
overlays (including multi-survivor position display and tracking
mode), threats along the flight path and more. Besides CSAR
C3I, it can be used for covert flight path planning, mission
planning, rehearsal, recording and debriefing, ground collision
avoidance etc. The two main LRUs are: the AU700 ASARS RF
unit that includes a 225 to 300 MHz UHF radio, a DF module, a
transponder unit and an AU controller; and the AIMC, a PC
based system using advanced Intel technology and standard
storage devices. The AIMC can be deployed as a stand-alone
avionics system, including a high-res colour display-and-control
type MFD, or as a standard avionics LRU.
» THALES
Helicopter Avionics System Integration
As prime contractor, Thales has a proven track record for MoD
helicopter avionics and mission upgrades including Sea King
Mk7 Radar and Mission System Upgrade, Lynx Mk8 Radio and
Central Tactical System upgrade (SATURN) and the Chinook
Night Enhancement Package. Thales has established credentials
as a ‘hands on, can do’ organisation as evidenced by its
outstanding performance as prime contractor on a number of
MoD Urgent Operational Requirements. Thales equipment is in
widespread use on civil and military helicopter platforms
worldwide. Thales is currently working with many of the world’s
leading helicopter manufacturers on next generation cockpit
systems and technologies, much of which benefits from the
advanced developments in the commercial aircraft sector.

Military Helicopter - Accommodation

Transcription

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