Evander Holyfield

Transcription

Evander Holyfield

Evander Holyfield
The Complete Guide
Contents
1
2
Overview
1
1.1
Evander Holyfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1.1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1.2
Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1.3
Professional career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.1.4
Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.1.5
Allegations of steroid and HGH use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
1.1.6
Life outside the ring
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
1.1.7
Professional boxing record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.1.8
Titles in boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.1.9
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.1.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.1.11 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Ringside opponents
10
2.1
Dwight Muhammad Qawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.1.1
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.1.2
10
2.1.3
10
2.1.4
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.1.5
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.1.6
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Henry Tillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2.1
Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2.2
Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2.3
11
2.2.4
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2.5
Notes and references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Rickey Parkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.3.1
11
2.3.2
11
2.3.3
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Ossie Ocasio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2
2.3
2.4
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CONTENTS
2.4.1
Heavyweight contender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.4.2
Cruiserweight World Champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4.3
Return to Heavyweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4.4
12
2.4.5
Professional championships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4.6
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4.7
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Carlos De León . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.5.1
Career
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.5.2
13
2.5.3
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.5.4
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
James Tillis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.6.1
Personal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.6.2
Pro boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.6.3
14
2.6.4
Life after boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
2.6.5
Rochester Boxing Hall of Fame induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
2.6.6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.6.7
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Pinklon Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.7.1
Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2.7.2
Retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.7.3
16
2.7.4
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.7.5
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Michael Dokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.1
Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.2
Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.3
Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.4
16
2.8.5
Life after boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.6
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
2.8.7
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Adilson Rodrigues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.9.1
17
2.9.2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.9.3
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10 Alex Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10.1 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10.2 Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
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2.10.3 Professional boxing record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10.4 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.10.6 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.11 Buster Douglas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.11.1 Growing up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
2.11.2 Boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
2.11.3 Film and game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.11.4 Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
20
2.11.6 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.11.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.11.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.12 George Foreman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.12.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
2.12.2 Professional career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
2.12.3 Family and private life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.12.4 Entrepreneurship (grill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.12.5 Amateur accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
26
2.12.7 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
2.12.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
2.12.9 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.13 Bert Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.13.1 Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.13.2 Personal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
27
2.13.4 Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.13.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.14 Larry Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.14.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
2.14.2 Amateur boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
2.14.3 Early boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
2.14.4 WBC Heavyweight Champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
2.14.5 IBF Heavyweight Champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
2.14.6 Comebacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
2.14.7 Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
2.14.8 Life after boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
30
2.14.10 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
2.14.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
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CONTENTS
2.14.12 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
2.15 Riddick Bowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.15.1 Early years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.15.2 Amateur boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.15.3 =New York Golden Gloves Championships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
32
2.15.5 Joining the Marine Corps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
2.15.6 Legal troubles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
2.15.7 Return to boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
35
2.15.9 Kickboxing record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
2.15.10 Professional wrestling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
2.15.11 Career timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
2.15.12 In popular culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
2.15.13 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
2.15.14 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
2.15.15 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
2.16 Michael Moorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
2.16.1 Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
37
2.16.3 Amateur Achievements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
38
2.16.5 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.16.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.16.7 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.17 Ray Mercer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.17.1 Boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.17.2 Kickboxing career
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
2.17.3 Mixed martial arts career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
39
39
2.17.6 Mixed martial arts record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
2.17.7 Boxing accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
2.17.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
2.17.9 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
2.18 Bobby Czyz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
40
40
2.18.3 Outside of the ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
2.18.4 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
2.18.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
CONTENTS
v
2.18.6 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
2.19 Mike Tyson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
2.19.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
2.19.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
2.19.3 Rape conviction, prison, and conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
2.19.4 Comeback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
2.19.5 Tyson–Holyfield fights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
2.19.6 1999 to 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
2.19.7 Exhibition tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
2.19.8 Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
2.19.9 After professional boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
2.19.10 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
2.19.11 In popular culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
50
2.19.13 Pay-per-view bouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
2.19.14 Boxing championships and accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
2.19.15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
2.19.16 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
2.20 Vaughn Bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
56
2.20.2 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
2.21 Lennox Lewis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
2.21.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
2.21.2 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
2.21.3 Professional boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
2.21.4 Outside boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
2.21.5 Personal life
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
2.21.6 Amateur highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
61
2.21.8 Styles from birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
2.21.9 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
2.21.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
2.21.11 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
2.22 John Ruiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
62
64
2.22.3 Amateur Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
2.22.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
2.22.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
2.23 Hasim Rahman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
65
vi
CONTENTS
67
2.23.3 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
2.23.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
2.23.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
2.24 Chris Byrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
2.24.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
2.24.2 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
68
2.24.4 Retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.24.5 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.24.6 Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
69
2.24.8 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.24.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.24.10 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.25 James Toney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
2.25.1 Boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
2.25.2 Middleweight champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
2.25.3 Super Middleweight champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
2.25.4 Cruiserweight champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
2.25.5 Heavyweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
2.25.6 Return to Cruiserweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
2.25.7 Prizefighter International Heavyweights 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
2.25.8 Mixed martial arts career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
2.25.9 Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
72
72
2.25.12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
2.25.13 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
2.26 Larry Donald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
73
2.26.2 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
73
2.26.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
2.27 Jeremy Bates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
2.27.1 Professional boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
2.27.2 Professional wrestling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
2.27.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
2.27.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
2.28 Fres Oquendo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
2.28.1 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
CONTENTS
vii
74
75
2.28.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
2.29 Vincent Maddalone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
2.29.1 Biography
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
76
2.29.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
2.29.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
2.30 Lou Savarese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
2.30.1 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
76
2.30.3 Acting career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
77
2.30.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
2.31 Sultan Ibragimov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
2.31.1 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
78
2.31.3 Retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
2.31.4 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
2.31.5 Trivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
79
2.31.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
2.31.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
2.32 Nikolai Valuev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
2.29.2 Recent
2.32.1 Biography
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
2.32.2 Boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
2.32.3 Acting career and advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
2.32.4 Political career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
2.32.5 Involvement in other sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
2.32.6 Nikolai Valuev Boxing School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
2.32.7 Valuev Youth Sports Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
2.32.8 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
81
2.32.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
2.32.11 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
2.33 Francois Botha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
2.33.1 Boxing career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
2.33.2 Kickboxing and mixed martial arts career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
83
83
viii
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CONTENTS
83
2.33.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
2.33.7 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
2.34 Sherman Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
83
83
2.34.3 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
2.35 Brian Nielsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
2.35.1 Amateur career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
2.35.2 Pro career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
2.35.3 Tyson fight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
2.35.4 Announced comeback and Holyfield fight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
2.35.5 Controversy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
85
2.35.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
2.35.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
86
3.1
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
3.2
Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
3.3
Content license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Chapter 1
Overview
1.1 Evander Holyfield
year later. On November 9, 1996, he went on to defeat
Mike Tyson by eleventh round technical knockout to win
the WBA title, in what was named fight of the year and
upset of the year for 1996 by The Ring magazine. Evander
Holyfield became the first Heavyweight since Muhammad
Ali to win the World title three times. Seven months later,
Holyfield won the 1997 rematch against Tyson, when the
latter was disqualified in round three for biting off part
of Holyfield’s ear. During his reign as champion, he also
avenged his loss to Michael Moorer, when he stopped him
in eight rounds to win the IBF belt.
Evander Holyfield (born October 19, 1962) is a retired American professional boxer. He is a former
Undisputed World Champion in both the cruiserweight
and heavyweight divisions, earning him the nickname
“The Real Deal.” He is the only four-time World Heavyweight Champion, winning the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles in 1990, the WBA and IBF titles in 1993, and the
WBA title in 1996 and 2000.
After winning the bronze medal in the Light Heavyweight
division at the 1984 Summer Olympics, Holyfield debuted as a professional at the age of 21. Holyfield moved
to the cruiserweight division in 1985 and won his first title the following year, when he defeated Dwight Muhammad Qawi for the WBA Cruiserweight belt. He then went
on to defeat Ricky Parkey and Carlos De Leon to win
the Lineal, IBF and WBC titles, becoming the Undisputed Cruiserweight Champion. Holyfield moved up to
heavyweight in 1988, defeating Buster Douglas for the
The Ring, Lineal, WBC, WBA and IBF titles in 1990. He
went on to regain the Heavyweight title on three further
occasions and holds notable victories over fighters such
as George Foreman, Larry Holmes, Riddick Bowe, Ray
Mercer, Mike Tyson (x2), Michael Moorer, John Ruiz,
Michael Dokes and Hasim Rahman.
In 1999, he faced Lennox Lewis in a split draw, but was
defeated in a rematch eight months later. The following
year, he won a unanimous decision over John Ruiz for the
vacant WBA Heavyweight Championship, becoming the
first boxer to win a version of the heavyweight title four
times.[2] Holyfield lost a rematch with Ruiz seven months
later and faced him for the third time in a draw.
Holyfield is still an active boxer as of 2012 and has a professional record of 44 wins, 10 losses, 1 draw and 1 no
contest. He is ranked #77 on Ring Magazine's list of
100 greatest punchers of all time.[3] Evander Holyfield is
ranked as the Greatest Cruiserweight of all time by The
Boxing Scene.[4]
1.1.2 Early life
1.1.1
Overview
Evander Holyfield was born on October 19, 1962, in the
mill town of Atmore, Alabama. The youngest of nine
children, Holyfield was much younger than his other siblings and was born from a different father.[5] Holyfield’s
family later moved to Atlanta, where he began boxing
at age 7 and won the Boys Club boxing tournament. At
13, he qualified to compete in his first Junior Olympics.
By age 15, Holyfield became the Southeastern Regional
Champion, winning this tournament and the Best Boxer
Award. By 1984 he had a record of 160 wins and 14
losses, with 76 KO.
Holyfield moved up to heavyweight in 1988, winning his
first six fights, all by stoppage. On October 25, 1990,
Holyfield knocked out Heavyweight Champion James
“Buster” Douglas to claim the WBC, WBA, IBF & The
Ring Heavyweight titles. He retained the Heavyweight
crown three times, which included victories over former
champions George Foreman and Larry Holmes, before
suffering his first professional loss to Riddick Bowe on
November 13, 1992. Holyfield regained the title in a rematch one year later, beating Bowe by majority decision
for the WBA and IBF titles. Holyfield later lost the titles
to Michael Moorer on April 22, 1994 by majority decision.
Holyfield describes himself as a physical “late-bloomer":
upon graduating from high school he was only 5 ft 8 in
(1.73 m) tall and weighed only 147 pounds (67 kg).[5] By
age 21, he had grown to 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) and weighed
Holyfield was forced to retire in 1994, only to return a 178 pounds (81 kg).[5] He grew an additional 2 1 ⁄2 inches
1
2
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
(6.4 cm) in his early twenties, finally reaching his adult he offered Muhammad Qawi a rematch and, this time, he
height of 6 ft 2 1 ⁄2 in (1.89 m).
beat Qawi by a knockout in only four rounds.
When he was 20 years old, Holyfield represented the U.S.
in the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela,
where he won a silver medal after losing to Cuban world
champion Pablo Romero. The following year, he was the
National Golden Gloves Champion, and won a bronze
medal in the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California after a controversial disqualification in
the second round of the semi-final against New Zealand’s
Kevin Barry.[6][7][8]
1988 was another productive year for Holyfield; he
started by becoming the first universally recognized
World Cruiserweight Champion after defeating the
Lineal & WBC Champion Carlos De León at Las Vegas.
The fight was stopped after eight rounds.[9]
had beaten Mike Tyson twice as an amateur. He retained
his belt, winning by seventh round knockout, and then
went on to unify his WBA belt with the IBF belt held by
Ricky Parkey, knocking Parkey out in three rounds. For
his next bout, he returned to France, where he retained
the title with an eleven round knockout against former
world champion Ossie Ocasio. In his last fight of 1987,
They met on October 25, 1990. Douglas came into the
fight at 246 lb. and offered little in the fight against Holyfield, who was in great shape at 208 lb. In the third round
Douglas tried to start a combination with a big right uppercut. Holyfield countered with a straight right hand
that was lightning quick and Douglas went down for the
count. Holyfield was the new undefeated, Undisputed
Heavyweight
After that fight, he announced he was moving up in weight
to pursue the World Heavyweight Championship held by
Tyson. His first fight as a Heavyweight took place on July
1.1.3 Professional career
16, when he beat former Tyson rival James “Quick” Tillis
by a knockout in five, in Lake Tahoe, Nevada (Tillis had
Light Heavyweight
gone the distance with Tyson). For his third and final bout
Holyfield started out professionally as a light heavyweight of 1988, he beat former Heavyweight Champion Pinklon
with a televised win in six rounds over Lionel Byarm at Thomas, also by knockout, in seven rounds.
Madison Square Garden on November 15, 1984. On JanHolyfield began 1989 meeting another former Heavyuary 20, 1985 he won another six-round decision over
weight Champion, Michael Dokes. This fight was named
Eric Winbush in Atlantic City, New Jersey. On March
one of the best fights of the 1980s by Ring magazine, as
13, he knocked out Fred Brown in the first round in Norbest heavyweight bout of the 1980s. Holyfield won by a
folk, Virginia, and on April 20, he knocked out Mark
knockout in the tenth round, and then he met Brazilian
Rivera in two rounds in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Champion Adilson Rodrigues, who lasted two rounds.
His last fight of the 1980s was against Alex Stewart, a
hard punching fringe contender. Stewart shocked HolyCruiserweight
field early, with quick, hard punches, but eventually fell
Both he and his next opponent, Tyrone Booze, moved in eight.
up to the cruiserweight division for their fight on July In 1990, Holyfield beat Seamus McDonagh, knocking
20, 1985 in Norfolk, Virginia. Holyfield won an eight- him out in four rounds. By this time, Holyfield had been
round decision over Booze. Evander went on to knock out Ring Magazine’s Number 1 contender for two years and
Rick Myers in the first round on August 29 in Holyfield’s had yet to receive a shot at Tyson’s Heavyweight title.
hometown of Atlanta. On October 30 in Atlantic City
he knocked out opponent Jeff Meachem in five rounds,
and his last fight for 1985 was against Anthony Davis on Undisputed Heavyweight Champion: 1990–1992
December 21 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He won by
knocking out Davis in the fourth round.
Main articles: Buster Douglas vs. Evander Holyfield,
Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman, Evander HolyHe began 1986 with a knockout in three rounds over former world cruiserweight challenger Chisanda Mutti, and field vs. Bert Cooper and Evander Holyfield vs. Larry
Holmes
proceeded to beat Jessy Shelby and Terry Mims before
being given a world title try by the WBA Cruiserweight
Champion Dwight Muhammad Qawi. In what was called Holyfield had been promised a title shot against Tyson in
by The Ring as the best cruiserweight bout of the 1980s, 1990. Before that fight could occur, in what many conHolyfield became world champion by defeating Qawi by sider to be the biggest upset in boxing history, relatively
a narrow 15 round split decision. He culminated 1986 unknown boxer, 29-year old, 231 lb. Buster Douglas dewith a trip to Paris, France, where he beat Mike Brothers feated the 23-year old, 218 lb. Mike Tyson in ten rounds
by a knockout in three, in a non-title bout.
in Tokyo to become the new Undisputed Heavyweight
In 1987, he defended his title against former Olympic Champion. Instead of fighting Tyson, Holyfield was Douteammate and Gold medal winner Henry Tillman, who glas’ first title defense.
1.1. EVANDER HOLYFIELD
Heavyweight Champion of the World. At the time of the
knockout, Holyfield was ahead on all three judges’ scorecards, all seeing it 20–18 for Holyfield. In his first defense, he beat former and future world champion George
Foreman by unanimous decision in 12. The fight was
billed as a “Battle for the Ages,” a reference to the age
differential between the young undefeated champion (28
years old) and the much older George Foreman (42 years
old). Holyfield weighed in at 208 pounds and Foreman
weighed in at 257 pounds. Foreman lost the fight by a
unanimous decision, but surprised many by lasting the
whole 12 rounds against a much younger opponent, even
staggering Holyfield a few times and knocking him off
balance in the seventh round.
Then a deal was signed for him to defend his crown
against Mike Tyson in November 1991. Tyson delayed
the fight, claiming he was injured in training, but was
then convicted for the rape of Desiree Washington and
sentenced to six years in prison, so the fight did not happen at that time. They fought in 1996 (Holyfield won by
a TKO in 11) and a rematch in 1997 (Holyfield won by
disqualification in 3, after Tyson bit both of his ears).
Holyfield made his next defense in Atlanta against Bert
Cooper, who surprised him with a very good effort.
Holyfield scored the first knockdown of the fight against
Cooper with a powerful shot to the body, but Cooper returned the favor with a good right hand that sent Holyfield
against the ropes; while not an actual knockdown, referee Mills Lane gave Holyfield a standing 8-count. Having suffered the first technical knockdown of his professional career, Holyfield regained his composure quickly
and administered a beating that left Cooper still on his
feet, but unable to defend himself. Holyfield landed brutal power shots, culminated by repeated vicious uppercuts
that snapped Cooper’s head back. Referee Mills Lane
stopped the bout in the seventh.
In his first fight of 1992, he faced former world heavyweight champion Larry Holmes, who was 42 years old,
and had just pulled off an upset against Ray Mercer. During the bout, Holyfield suffered the first scar of his career
with a gash opening up over his eye, the result of Holmes’
elbow. The fight ended with a unanimous decision in favor of Holyfield.
Holyfield-Bowe I & II
Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Riddick Bowe and
Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield II
3
the mistake of getting into a slugfest with the younger,
bigger and stronger Bowe, leading to his defeat.
He began 1993 by beating Alex Stewart in a rematch, but
this time over the 12-round unanimous distance.
Then came the rematch with Bowe on November 6, 1993.
In what is considered by many sporting historians as one
of the most bizarre moments in boxing’s history, during
round seven the crowd got off their feet and many people
started to run for cover and yell. Holyfield took his eyes
off Bowe for one moment and then told Bowe to look up
to the skies. What they saw was a man in a parachute
flying dangerously close to them. The man almost entered the ring, but his parachute had gotten entangled in
the lights and he landed on the ropes and apron of the
ring, and he was then pulled into the crowd, where he
was beaten by members of Bowe’s entourage. Bowe’s
pregnant wife, Judy, fainted and had to be taken to the
hospital from the arena. Twenty minutes later, calm was
restored and Holyfield went on to recover his world heavyweight titles with a close 12 round majority decision. The
man who parachuted down to the middle of the ring became known as The Fan Man and the fight itself became
known as the Fan Man Fight. His victory over Bowe that
year helped Holyfield being named as ABC's Wide World
of Sports Athlete of the Year for 1993.
Title loss to Moorer and rubber match with Bowe
Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer
and Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield 3
His next fight, April 1994, he met former WBO Light
Heavyweight Michael Moorer, who was attempting to become the first southpaw to become the universally recognised world heavyweight champion. He dropped Moorer
in round two, but lost a twelve round majority decision. When he went to the hospital to have his shoulder
checked, he was diagnosed with a heart condition and had
to announce his retirement from boxing. It later surfaced
that the chairman of the medical advisory board for the
Nevada State Athletic Commission believed his condition
to be consistent with HGH use.[10]
However, watching a television show hosted by preacher
Benny Hinn, Holyfield says he felt his heart heal. He and
Hinn subsequently became friends and he became a frequent visitor to Hinn’s crusades. In fact, during this time,
Holyfield went to a Benny Hinn crusade in Philadelphia,
had Hinn lay hands on him and gave Hinn a check for
$265,000 after he was told he was healed. He then passed
his next examination by the boxing commission. Holyfield later stated that his heart was misdiagnosed due to
the morphine pumped into his body.
In the beginning of a trilogy of bouts with the 25-year old
Riddick Bowe, who had won a silver medal in the 1988
Olympics, in the Super Heavyweight division, he suffered
his first defeat when Bowe won the undisputed title by a
12-round unanimous decision in Las Vegas. Round ten of In 1995, Holyfield returned to the ring with a ten-round
that bout was named the Round of the Year by Ring Maga- decision win versus former Olympic gold medalist, Ray
zine. Holyfield was knocked down in round 11. He made Mercer. He was the first man to knock down Mercer.
4
Holyfield and Bowe then had their rubber match. Holyfield knocked Bowe down with a single left hook but Bowe
prevailed by a knockout in eight. Holyfield later claimed
that he contracted hepatitis before the fight.[11]
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
Mitch Halpern stopped the fight between the eighth and
ninth rounds under the advice of physician Flip Homansky. Holyfield once again unified his WBA belt with the
IBF belt by avenging his defeat by Moorer.
In 1998 Holyfield had only one fight, making a mandatory defense against Vaughn Bean, who was defeated by
Holyfield-Tyson fights
decision at the Georgia Dome in the champion’s homeHolyfield vs. Tyson I Main articles: Tyson-Holyfield town. For the first time, Holyfield’s performance called
into question whether age was diminishing his ability to
I and Holyfield-Tyson II
continue as a championship fighter.[14]
1996 was a very good year for Holyfield. First, he met
former world champion Bobby Czyz, beating him by a Holyfield-Lewis fights
knockout in six. Then, he and Mike Tyson finally met.
Tyson had recovered the WBC and WBA Heavyweight
Championship and, after being stripped of the WBC title for not facing Lennox Lewis, defended the WBA title against Holyfield on November 9 of that year. Tyson
was heavily favored to win, but Holyfield made history
by defeating Tyson in an 11th round TKO. This was the
third occasion on which Holyfield won the WBA Heavyweight title. However, the fight was not recognized as
being for the Lineal championship, which was held by
George Foreman at the time.[12]
Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis and
Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis II
Holyfield vs. Lewis I By 1999, the public was clamoring for a unification bout versus the WBC World Champion, Lennox Lewis of the United Kingdom. That bout
happened in March of that year. The bout was declared
a controversial draw after twelve rounds, where it appeared to most that Lewis dominated the fight.[15] Holyfield claimed his performance was hindered by stomach
Holyfield vs. Tyson II: The Bite Fight Holyfield’s re- and leg cramps.[16] Holyfield and Lewis were ordered by
match with Tyson took place on June 28, 1997. Known the three leading organizations of which they were chamas “The Bite Fight,” it went into the annals of boxing as pions to have an immediate rematch.
one of the most bizarre fights in history. The infamous incident occurred in the third round, when Tyson bit Holyfield on one of his ears and had two points deducted. Ref- Holyfield vs. Lewis II The second time around, in
eree Mills Lane decided to disqualify Tyson initially, but November of that year, Lewis became the Undisputed
after Holyfield and the ringside doctor intervened and said Champion by beating Holyfield via unanimous decision
Holyfield could continue, he relented and allowed the fight by three American judges. Holyfield said “I haven't felt
to go on. Tyson bit Holyfield again, this time on the other this good after a fight since I was a cruiserweight,” Holyear. Tyson’s teeth tore off a small section of the top of field said. “It makes me think I should have fought a little
his opponent’s ear, known as the helix, and spat that bit harder against Lennox. Maybe I'd be sore and sick, but
of flesh out onto the canvas.
I'd have the victory.”[17]
The immediate aftermath of the incident was bedlam. Tyson was disqualified and a melee ensued.
Tyson claimed his bites were a retaliation to Holyfield’s
unchecked headbutts, which had cut him in both fights.
Others argued that Tyson, knowing he was on his way
to another knockout loss, was looking for a way out of
the fight. His former trainer, Teddy Atlas, had predicted
that Tyson would get himself disqualified, calling Tyson
“a very weak and flawed person.”[13]
Holyfield vs. Moorer II and Holyfield vs. Bean
Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer II
and Evander Holyfield vs. Vaughn Bean
Trilogy with John Ruiz
In 2000, Lewis was stripped of the WBA belt for failing to meet lightly regarded Don King fighter John Ruiz,
having fought Ruiz’s conqueror David Tua, and the WBA
ordered Holyfield and Ruiz to meet for that organization’s world title belt. Holyfield and Ruiz began their trilogy in August of that year, with Holyfield making history by winning on a controversial, but unanimous 12
round decision to become the first boxer in history to be
the World Heavyweight Champion four times. Holyfield
blamed his lackluster performance on a perforated (broken) eardrum.[18]
Seven months later, in March 2001, it was Ruiz’s turn to
Next came another rematch, this time against Michael make history at Holyfield’s expense when he surprisingly
Moorer, who had recovered the IBF’s world title. Holy- managed to knock Holyfield down and beat him by a 12
field knocked Moorer to the canvas five times and referee round decision to become the first Hispanic ever to win a
Heavyweight title. On December 15 of that year, Holyfield challenged Ruiz for the title, in an attempt to become
champion again. The fight was declared a draw and John
Ruiz maintained the WBA Championship title.
Holyfield vs. Byrd
Main article: Chris Byrd vs. Evander Holyfield
2002 began as a promising year for Holyfield: in June, he
met former World Heavyweight Champion Hasim Rahman, to determine who would face Lewis next. Holyfield
was leading on two of the three scorecards when the fight
was stopped in the eighth round due to a severe hematoma
on Rahman’s forehead above his left eye that was caused
by a headbutt earlier in the fight. Holyfield was ahead, so
he was declared the winner by a technical decision.
5
Holyfield defeated Fres Oquendo by unanimous decision
on November 10, 2006 in San Antonio, Texas. Holyfield
knocked Oquendo down in the first minute of the first
round and continued to be the aggressor throughout the
fight, winning a unanimous decision by scores of 116–111
and 114–113 twice.
On March 17, 2007, Holyfield defeated Vinny Maddalone
by TKO when Maddalone’s corner threw in the towel to
save their man from serious injury in the ring.
On June 30, 2007, Holyfield defeated Lou Savarese,
knocking the bigger and heavier Savarese down in the
fourth and again in the ninth round, en route to a unanimous decision win. This was Holyfield’s fourth win in ten
months, two of them by KO. This victory finally set the
stage for Holyfield’s title fight against Sultan Ibragimov,
for the WBO Heavyweight title.
The IBF decided to strip Lewis of his belt after he didn't
want to fight Don King-promoted fighter Chris Byrd, instead going after Tyson, and declared that the winner
of the fight between Holyfield and former WBO Heavyweight Champion Byrd would be recognized as their
Heavyweight Champion. On December 14, 2002, Holyfield once again tried to become the first man ever to be
Heavyweight Champion five times when he and Byrd met,
but Byrd came out as the winner by a 12-round unanimous decision.
Consecutive losses & New York suspension
On October 4, 2003, Holyfield lost to James Toney by
TKO when his corner threw in the towel in the ninth
round. At age 42, Holyfield returned to the ring to face
Larry Donald on November 13, 2004. He lost his third
consecutive match in a twelve round unanimous decision. El Paso Texas, June 30, 2007 vs. Lou Savarese
In August 2005 it had been reported that the New York
State Athletic Commission had banned Evander Holyfield
from boxing in New York due to “diminishing skills” de- Holyfield vs. Ibragimov On October 13, 2007, Holyspite the fact that Holyfield had passed a battery of med- field was defeated by Sultan Ibragimov. Although unable
ical tests.
to defy his critics by winning a fifth Heavyweight title,
Holyfield refused to be backed up by the young champion and even rattled him in the closing part of the 12th
Comeback
round. The fight was mostly uneventful, however, with
neither fighter being truly staggered or knocked down. In
Holyfield was initially criticized for his ongoing comemost exchanges, Sultan was able to land two punches to
back; but he is adamant that his losses to Toney and DonHolyfield’s one. The end result was a unanimous deciald were the result of a shoulder injury, not of old age.
sion for Ibragimov, with scores of 118–110 and 117–111
Holyfield had looked better in his first four fights since
twice.
Donald and appeared to have answered the critics who
say that he lacks the cutting edge and ability to follow up
on crucial openings that he had in his youth.
Holyfield vs. Valuev He told BBC Scotland's Sports
Holyfield defeated Jeremy Bates by TKO on August 18,
2006 in a 10 round bout at American Airlines Center
in Dallas, Texas. Holyfield dominated the fight which
was stopped in the second round after he landed roughly
twenty consecutive punches on Bates.
Weekly “I'm gonna fight, be the heavyweight champion
of the world one more time. Then I'm gonna write another book and tell everybody how I did it.” On December 20, 2008 he fought, at the Hallenstadion in Zürich,
Switzerland, the WBA Heavyweight Champion Nikolai
6
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
Valuev for a paycheck of $600,000, the lowest amount he boxer. Only 3,127 attended the fight.[27]
has ever received for a championship fight. At the weighin, he weighed 214 pounds, Valuev weighed a career low
Holyfield vs. Williams
of 310 pounds.
Valuev defeated Holyfield by a highly controversial majority decision after a relatively uneventful bout. One
judge scored the bout a draw 114–114, while the others
had Valuev winning 116–112 and 115–114. Many analysts were outraged at the decision, thinking Holyfield had
clearly won.[19] There was talk of a rematch in 2009.
After the Botha fight, Holyfield said he was interested in fighting either Vitali Klitschko, the current
WBC Champion, or his younger brother Wladimir Klitschko.[28][29] Holyfield’s next bout against Sherman
“The Tank” Williams on November 5, 2010 at Joe Louis
Arena in Detroit, Michigan was then postponed twice before finally being rescheduled to January 22, 2011 and
moved to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West
Virginia. Holyfield started the bout slowly and in the second round, he was cut in the left eye following an accidental clash of heads. In round three as he took several
combinations. After the end of the round, Holyfield told
his corner that he was unable to see due to the cut. Consequently, the bout was ruled a no contest.[30]
The WBA did their own investigation into the controversial decision;[20] “As the World Boxing Association
(WBA) always cares about and respects the fans’ and the
media’s opinion, the Championship Committee has ordered a panel of judges to review the tape of the fight
between Nikolai Valuev and Evander Holyfield, for the
WBA heavyweight title” read a statement from the WBA.
The organization also expressed that they “will give a decision accordingly in the following weeks.” Many specu- The WBC had allegedly agreed to match Holyfield up
lated that an immediate rematch would be the most likely with Vitali Klitschko after fights with Williams and
scenario, but this never materialised. Valuev lost the Nielsen.[31]
WBA title in his next fight against British boxer David
Haye.
Holyfield vs. Nielsen
A fight with Brian Nielsen, the most popular Danish
heavyweight in that country’s history, was scheduled for
After the loss to Valuev, Holyfield took a period of in- March 5, 2011 in Denmark, but needed to be postponed
due to a cut Holyfield received in the
activity. He reportedly agreed to fight South African to May 7, 2011
[32]
Williams
fight.
boxer Francois Botha on January 16, 2010; it was agreed
that the venue for the fight would be the Nelson Mandela The official weigh-in was held on Friday night in DenMemorial Stadium in Kampala, Uganda. A few weeks mark, with Holyfield at 225 pounds, while his opponent
before the fight, it was revealed that the bout would be Nielsen, with his shorts on, weighed 238 pounds. It is to
postponed to February 20, 2010.[21][22] The match was be noted that Nielsen had never been this light in his caput in jeopardy due to economic disagreements but was reer. Neilson had said that although it would be mighty
later confirmed to be on April 10, 2010 at the Thomas & difficult for him to beat Holyfield, he promised it would
Mack Center in Las Vegas.[23] When asked about his up- not be one sided affair. Holyfield said that if he won he
coming bout, the four-time world heavyweight champion would move to next level and challenge for major titles.
said: “I've been hearing for a while that I can't do it. All
Holyfield started the fight aggressively, pressing the 46it does is light a fire under me to prove people wrong.”
year-old Nielsen into the ropes and landing several hard
He also added: “I can still fight. I don't want to leave
jabs and hooks, knocking him down in the 3rd round.
until I've become the undisputed heavyweight champion
Despite getting a swollen eye in the 4th round, Nielsen
[24]
one more time. That’s been my goal the entire time.”
kept on clowning to provoke Holyfield throughout the
The American boxer scored an eighth round knockout of
bout, prompting his trainer, Paul Duvill, to beg him to
[25][26]
Botha to win the vacant WBF Heavyweight title.
stop fooling around and focus on Holyfield. In round 10,
Holyfield started slowly as usual in the early going. Botha Nielsen pushed a tired-looking Holyfield into the ropes
held and hit Holyfield, and took the control of the fight for with a series of combinations, before Holyfield turned it
the first three rounds. However, the South African could around. Holyfield pushed Nielsen into a corner and batnot slow down Holyfield, though he did hurt him, and the tered him with combinations until the referee stopped the
American boxer slowly began to punch him more to take contest.[33][34]
control of the bout in the later rounds. In the seventh
round Holyfield stunned Botha and knocked him down
in the eighth round. Though he beat the count, Holyfield 1.1.4 Present
cornered him and landed many punches that forced the
referee Russell Mora to stop the bout. At the time of the After the Nielsen fight, Holyfield attempted to land a shot
stoppage, Holyfield was behind on two judges’ cards, 67– at a world Heavyweight title (all major belts were held by
66, while the third judge had it 69–64 for the American Wladimir and Vitali Klitschko, at that time). However,
Holyfield vs. Botha
7
after more than a year of trying to land this fight, Holyfield stated his intention to retire in October 2012, stating, “The game’s been good to me and I hope I've been
good to the game. ... I'm 50 years old (on Friday) and I've
pretty much did everything that I wanted to do in boxing.”
[35]
Later that same month, however, Holyfield seemed to
change his mind, saying that he still considers himself a
“serious contender.” [36] Unable to secure a title shot, his
career went into limbo for several months. However, In
June 2014, after not fighting in over three years, Holyfield
announced that his final retirement. He is currently a boxing adviser to heavyweight prospect Zhang Zhilei.[37]
1.1.5
Allegations of steroid and HGH use
On February 28, 2007, Holyfield was anonymously linked
to Applied Pharmacy Services, a pharmacy in Alabama
that is currently under investigation for supplying athletes
with illegal steroids and human growth hormone (HGH).
He denies ever using performance enhancers.[38]
Holyfield’s name does not appear in the law enforcement
documents reviewed. However, a patient by the name
of “Evan Fields” caught investigators’ attention. “Fields”
shares the same birth date as Holyfield—October 19,
1962. The listed address for “Fields” was 794 Evander,
Fairfield, Ga. 30213. Holyfield has a very similar address. When the phone number that, according to the
documents, was associated with the “Fields” prescription,
was dialed, Holyfield answered.[39]
Holyfield at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 2010.
Olympic torch when it was on its way to his hometown of
Atlanta for that year’s Olympics. October 4 of this year
he was married to Dr. Janice Itson, with whom he had
one child.
He founded Real Deal Records which signed the briefly
successful group Exhale.
On March 10, 2007 Holyfield made a public announce- On September 22, 2007 Holyfield released the Real Deal
ment that he would be pursuing his own investigation into Grill cooking appliance via TV infomercials. The Real
the steroid claims in order to clear his name.[40]
Deal Grill is manufactured by Cirtran Corp.
Holyfield was again linked to HGH in September 2007,
when his name came up following a raid of Signature
Pharmacy in Orlando, Florida.[41] As of September 2007,
Signature Pharmacy is under investigation for illegally
supplying several professional athletes with steroids and
HGH.[42]
1.1.6
Life outside the ring
Holyfield is the younger brother of actor and dancer,
Bernard Holyfield, and currently lives and trains in
Fayette County, Georgia. He is separated from his third
wife Candi,[43] with whom he has two children. Holyfield
has eleven children with six different women.[44]
Holyfield’s popularity has led to numerous television appearances for the boxer. His first television show appearance was the Christmas special of the Fresh Prince of BelAir in 1990, playing himself. In 2005, Holyfield came
in fifth place on ABC’s Dancing with the Stars with his
partner Edyta Sliwinska. He also made an appearance
on the original BBC Strictly Come Dancing “Champion
of Champions” showdown, which featured the final four
teams from the 2005 edition of the British series, plus
two celebrities from spinoff versions, paired with British
professional dancers, one featuring Holyfield paired with
Karen Hardy, and Rachel Hunter paired with Brendan
Cole. Holyfield also had minor roles in three movies during the 1990s, Summer of Sam, Necessary Roughness, and
Blood Salvage (which he also produced). He made a guest
appearance on Nickelodeon’s Nickelodeon GUTS during
its third season in 1994. He appeared once in an episode
of Phineas and Ferb. In the episode, he is an animated
character but the producers wanted to make the most of
Holyfield’s ear, so his animated character was only given
half an ear.
By 1992, Holyfield was already a household name, endorsing multiple products on television, such as Coca
Cola and Diet Coke. He also had a video game released
for the Sega Genesis and the Sega Game Gear: Evander
Holyfield’s Real Deal Boxing. After his conversion, he
started professing his Christianity everywhere, reminding the public before and after his fights that he is a born- On August 13, 2007, Holyfield was confirmed to particagain Christian.
ipate in a boxing match at World Wrestling EntertainIn 1996 Holyfield was given the opportunity to carry the ment's Saturday Night’s Main Event against Matt Hardy.
8
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
He replaced Montel Vontavious Porter, who had to pull
out after being legitimately diagnosed with a heart condition that was not part of a storyline.
• Lineal Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
In late 2007 and early 2008, Holyfield was among a number of celebrities to be doing television ads for the restaurant chain Zaxby’s.
• Lineal Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• The Ring Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• (2) Lineal Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
In June 2008 a legal notice was placed by Washington Regional/International Titles:
Mutual Bank stating that Holyfield’s $10 million, 54,000square-foot (5,000 m2 ), 109 room, 17 bathroom subur• WBC Continental Americas Heavyweight Chamban Atlanta estate would be auctioned off on July 1, 2008
pion (+200 lbs)
due to foreclosure, shortly before that bank’s insolvency.
Adding to his financial problems, Toi Irvin, mother of his
• USBA Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
10-year-old son, filed suit for non-payment of two months
child support (he pays $3,000 per month for this child).
A Utah landscaping firm also has gone to court seeking 1.1.9 See also
$550,000 in unpaid debt for services.[45]
• List of cruiserweight boxing champions
Holyfield appeared as himself in the 2011 remake of
• List of heavyweight boxing champions
Arthur.
On January 3, 2014, Holyfield became the 12th house• List of WBA world champions
mate to enter the 13th series of Celebrity Big Brother
• List of WBC world champions
(UK).[46] On January 6, 2014, he was reprimanded by the
show after saying in a conversation with another house• List of IBF world champions
mate that gayness is abnormal and can be fixed.[47] On
January 10, 2014, he became the first housemate to be
evicted.
1.1.10 References
1.1.7
Professional boxing record
[1] Sports biography. infoplease.com. Retrieved on October
3, 2011.
1.1.8
Titles in boxing
[2] “Evander Holyfield vows to be king of the world again at
47”. Daily Mail (London). April 11, 2010.
Major World Titles:
• WBA Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
• IBF Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
[3] Eisele, Andrew (2003). “Ring Magazine’s 100 Greatest
Punchers”. About.com. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
[4] Cliff Rold The 20 greatest cruiserweights of all time. boxingscene.com. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
• WBC Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
[5] “Evander Holyfield and Bert Marcus”, March 16, 2015.
• WBC Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
[6] “Holyfield Disqualified for Punch”. Philadelphia Inquirer.
August 10, 1984.
• WBA Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• IBF Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• (2) WBA Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• (2) IBF Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
• (3) IBF Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
Minor World Titles:
• WBF Heavyweight Champion (+200 lbs)
The Ring/Lineal Championship Titles:
[7] “Calm Amid Controversy and Dignified in Victory”.
Philadelphia Inquirer. August 9, 1985.
[8] Putnam, Pat (July 21, 1986). “Meeting the Gold Standard”. Sports Illustrated.
[9] “Evander Holyfield, king of the cruiserweights, bravely –
04.18.88 – SI Vault”. CNN. April 18, 1988. Retrieved
April 27, 2009.
[10] “SI: Holyfield allegedly received steroids, HGH via alias”.
CNN. February 28, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
[11] Trilogies filled with triumphs, tragedies – boxing – ESPN.
Sports.espn.go.com (September 29, 2005). Retrieved on
October 3, 2011.
[12] “The Heavyweight Championship Path Of Lineage”..
Iain.hampson.btinternet.co.uk. Retrieved on October 3,
2011.
9
[13] “Atlas Shrugged, He Knows What’s Eating Tyson,”
Michael Katz, New Daily News, June 30, 1997
[34] Boksebamsen fik med bjørnekloen – TV 2 Sporten.
Sporten.tv2.dk. Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[14] Wise, Mike (September 21, 1998). “Bean Dents Holyfield’s Armor”. The New York Times (The New York
Times Company). Retrieved May 13, 2008.
[35] Iole, Kevin (October 16, 2012). “Ex-heavyweight king
Evander Holyfield to officially retire; Hall of Fame countdown begins”. sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved January 6,
2014.
[15] “Rafael’s 'lock' list of boxers bound for Canastota”. ESPN.
June 7, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
[16] “Lennox Lewis vows to take matters into his own hands”.
CNN. November 13, 1999. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
[17] “Holyfield at peace after loss to Lewis”. Canoe. November 15, 1999. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
[18] Las Vegas Review-Journal: Sports. Reviewjournal.com
(March 1, 2001). Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[19] Dan Rafael Breaks Down Valuev’s Win – ESPN Video
– ESPN. Sports.espn.go.com (December 20, 2008). Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[36] “Evander Holyfield - I'm UNRETIRING!". TMZ.com.
October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
[37] http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/
345439-evander-holyfield-retires-im-done
[38] “Report: Athletes received illegal 'roids via online ring”.
Sports.espn.go.com (March 1, 2007). Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[39] “Holyfield allegedly received steroids, HGH via alias”.
Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[40] “Holyfield plans own steroid investigation”. Sfgate.com
(March 10, 2007). Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[20]
[41] .
[21] “Holyfield-Botha fight is delayed”. BBC News. January 4,
2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
[42] “Baltimore’s Gibbons got drugs from Signature Pharmacy”. Daily News (New York). September 10, 2007.
[22] Thanksgiving offers no rest for busy boxing folks – ESPN.
Sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
[43] Celebrity Big Brother 13, 5 January 2014, when asked if
he’s married, he said “no”.
[23] Lotierzo, Frank (April 10, 2010). “Evander Holyfield
Is Making It Hard To Remember How Special He Once
Was”. TheSweetScience.com.
[44] "'Deadbeat dad' Evander Holyfield held in contempt for
failing to pay $500K in overdue child support”. Daily
Mail. September 16, 2012.
[24] Carp, Steve (April 10, 2010). “Holyfield fights Botha,
doubters in ring tonight”. Las Vegas Review-Journal.
[45] “Evander Holyfield’s mansion under foreclosure”. CBC
News. June 6, 2008.
[25] Avila, David (April 11, 2010). “Evander Holyfield Stops
Botha In 8th”. TheSweetScience.com.
[46] Walker, Danny. “Who has gone into the Celebrity
Big Brother house? CBB housemates revealed”. mirror.co.uk. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
[26] “Evander Holyfield beats Frans Botha to take WBF title
in Las Vegas”. London: Guardian.co.uk. April 11, 2010.
Retrieved May 2, 2010.
[47] Neil Lancefield. “Celebrity Big Brother 2014: Evander
Holyfield cautioned over 'gay ain't normal' remarks”. The
Independent. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
[27] “Holyfield, 47, KOs Botha in 8th to capture WBF heavyweight title”. CNN. April 11, 2010. Retrieved May 2,
2010.
[48] Evander Holyfield – Boxer. Boxrec.com. Retrieved on
October 3, 2011.
[28] Rosenthal, Michael. (April 11, 2010) Weekend Review:
Berto’s big night. RingTV. Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
1.1.11 External links
[29] Okamoto, Brett (April 10, 2010). “Evander Holyfield
has eyes on Klitschkos, no matter what anyone thinks”.
LasVegasSun.com.
• Official website
• Professional boxing record for Evander Holyfield
from BoxRec
[30] “Evander Holyfield-Sherman Williams Ends in NoContest”. Boxing Scene. January 23, 2011. Retrieved
January 23, 2011.
• Evander Holyfield Pics
[31] Laz Izada (January 3, 2011). “Evander Holyfield at 48:
Should He Still Be Fighting?". Bleacher Report, Inc.
• Evander Holyfield at the Internet Movie Database
• Evander Holyfield Fight-by-Fight Career Record
• New Georgia Encyclopedia
[32] {http://www.aolnews.com/2011/02/03/
evander-holyfields-cut-postpones-brian-nielsen-fight-to-may-7/}
•
[33] Nielsen vs Holyfield: Omgang for omgang – TV 2
Sporten. Sporten.tv2.dk. Retrieved on October 3, 2011.
• Details of Ibragimov fight
Chapter 2
Ringside opponents
2.1 Dwight Muhammad Qawi
He defended the title three times in the next 15 months,
knocking out Jerry Martin, Saad Muhammad a second
Dwight Muhammad Qawi (born Dwight Braxton on time and Eddie Davis. On March 18, 1983, he lost a
January 5, 1953) is an American former boxer who won close but unanimous decision to WBA champion Michael
world titles the light heavyweight and cruiserweight divi- Spinks in a unification bout.
sions. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall Qawi felt that making the division’s 175-pound weight
of Fame in 2004.[1]
limit had drained him physically, and resolved to seek another world title in the newly created cruiserweight division. Freed of the need to fight to keep his weight down,
2.1.1 Background
Qawi reeled off another series of wins and claimed the
WBA cruiserweight title on July 7, 1985, knocking out
Qawi, then known as Dwight Braxton, was born in Piet Crous in Crous’ native South Africa.
Baltimore, Maryland, but grew up in Camden, New JerHe won two more fights, including a victory over former
sey, where he got involved with crime at a young age.
world heavyweight titlist Leon Spinks, before accepting a
He was eventually convicted of armed robbery and spent
challenge from Olympian Evander Holyfield on July 12,
around five years in prison.[2]
1986. The fight, in Holyfield’s hometown of Atlanta, went
It was at Rahway that Braxton found his place in life. The the full 15 rounds with Holyfield winning a split decision.
prison had an extensive boxing program and one of its
After the loss to Holyfield, Qawi fought off and on for
inmates, James Scott, was a light heavyweight title conthe next 12 years, but never regained a world title. He
tender who fought several times inside the prison itself.
rematched with Holyfield in 1987 for the WBA and IBF
Braxton took up the sport, and when he was released from
cruiserweight titles, but was stopped in the fourth round.
prison in 1978, immediately became a professional boxer.
Qawi’s style was most often likened to Joe Frazier and After a short stint in the heavyweight ranks, where in
with good reason as he had trained in Fraziers Philadel- 1988 he lost to George Foreman by knockout in seven
rounds, being forced to quit from exhaustion, he tried to
phia gym as a professional.
regain the cruiserweight title. On November 27, 1989, he
dropped a split decision to Robert Daniels for Holyfield’s
vacated WBA title.
He went 1-1-1 in his first three pro fights, but then reeled
off 14 straight victories to move into the world rankings at light heavyweight. The last of those wins came
on September 5, 1981, when Braxton returned to Rahway to fight Scott, with the winner promised a shot at
Matthew Saad Muhammad's WBC world championship
belt. Braxton won a unanimous 10-round decision.
Qawi retired in 1999 at the age of 46, with a career record
of 41 wins, 11 losses and one draw, with 25 wins by way
of knockout. Currently, he works as a boxing trainer in
New Jersey.
In 1998, Dwight began working at the Lighthouse, a drug
and alcohol rehabilitation center in Mays Landing, NJ. He
works with both adults and adolescents and is a patient
advocate.[4]
On December 19 of the same year, Braxton faced Saad
Muhammad in Atlantic City. The ex-convict was the underdog against Saad, one of the most popular fighters of
2.1.3 Professional boxing record
his generation and a fellow Hall of Famer, but Braxton
defeated him on a 10th-round technical knockout and became a world champion for the first time.[3] It was shortly 2.1.4 See also
after this that he announced his conversion to Islam and
changed his name.
• The Brawl for it All
10
2.3. RICKEY PARKEY
2.1.5
References
[1] Kates, William (2004-06-13). “Boxing champ Palomino
enters Boxing Hall of Fame”. USA Today. Associated
Press. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
11
• Professional boxing record for Henry Tillman from
BoxRec
[2] Putnam, Pat (1981-12-28). “From The Big House To The
Big Time”. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
2.2.5 Notes and references
[3] “Muhammad loses title to Braxton”. Pittsburgh PostGazette. Associated Press. 1981-12-21. Retrieved 201002-11.
[4] Camden NJ - Dwight Braxton aka Dwight Muhammed
Qawi - The Camden Buzzsaw
2.1.6
External links
• Professional boxing record for Dwight Muhammad
Qawi from BoxRec
2.2 Henry Tillman
Henry Durand Tillman (born August 1, 1960) is an
American former boxer.
In the movie Rocky V, Tillman played contender “Tim
Simms” who lost a bout to “Tommy Gunn” played by
Tommy Morrison.
In the long-running British soap opera Coronation Street,
Dev stated that Henry Tillman was the greatest heavyweight never to have won a world heavyweight championship.
2.3 Rickey Parkey
Ricky Parkey (born November 7, 1956) is a former
American professional boxer from Morristown, Tennessee
Parkey turned pro in 1981 and won the IBF Cruiserweight
Title with a TKO win over Lee Roy Murphy in 1986. He
2.2.1 Amateur career
defended the belt once before losing the title to Evander
Holyfield via TKO the following year in a title unification
Tillman twice defeated Mike Tyson as an amateur, win- bout. He retired in 1994.
ning both bouts via close decisions. Tillman went on to
win heavyweight gold at the Los Angeles Olympics.
2.2.2
Pro career
Further information: Mike Tyson vs. Henry Tillman
Tillman turned pro in 1984 as a cruiserweight and had
a disappointing professional career, primarily due to a
weak chin. In 1986, he was knocked down twice and
upset by Bert Cooper via a decision. However, in 1987
he was able to secure a shot at WBA Cruiserweight Title holder Evander Holyfield. Holyfield dropped Tillman
three times en route to a 7th round TKO, according to
WBA rules. Tillman later lost to Willie DeWitt in a rematch of their 1984 Heavyweight Olympic Final bout. In
1990, he took on Mike Tyson in Tyson’s comeback bout
after his loss to James “Buster” Douglas. Tyson knocked
him out in the first round. He finished his professional
career with a record of 25-6-0 with 16 knockouts.
• Professional boxing record for Rickey Parkey from
BoxRec
2.4 Ossie Ocasio
Osvaldo “Ossie” Ocasio (born August 12, 1955) is
a Puerto Rican former boxer who held the world
cruiserweight championship. Nicknamed “Jaws”, his peculiar nickname was the result of him accidentally biting
another boxer during a sparring session.
2.4.1 Heavyweight contender
Ocasio campaigned in the Heavyweight division, turning
In July 2004, Tillman was sentenced to 37 months pro in 1976 and putting together 10 wins before signing
in prison after pleading guilty to federal identity theft with Don King and making a name for himself outpointing King fighter Kevin Isaac.
charges.
12
CHAPTER 2. RINGSIDE OPPONENTS
In 1978 on the undercard of the Larry Holmes/Ken Norton title fight Ocasio scored a major upset when he outpointed the highly regarded Jimmy Young, who'd outpointed George Foreman only a while back. In a rematch,
Ocasio underlined his superiority by again outpointing a
this time in-shape Young, in Puerto Rico. It was Ocasio’s
career high.
In 1989 he made Ray Mercer look bad, losing an 8 round
decision. In 1990 he dropped decisions to Tyrell Biggs
and Bruce Seldon, then travelled to the UK for two fights
losing an 8 round decision to Lennox Lewis and scoring
an upset when stopping Jess Harding in 8 rounds. Ocasio
then travelled to Australia, where he was outpointed by
the erratic Mike Hunter.
This earned him his only world heavyweight title shot,
against Larry Holmes in 1979. Attempting to become
the first Hispanic to win the world Heavyweight championship, Ocasio was badly outclassed and lost to Holmes
by a knockout in seven rounds.
One last comeback in 1992 resulted in a dreary points
loss to ex-contender Carl Williams, but it was hard hitting
Hispanic prospect Alex Garcia who convinced the usually
durable Ocasio to retire- he decked Ocasio several times
before knocking him out in the 8th.
In 1980 he fought red hot undefeated prospect Michael
Dokes, and was unlucky to only get a draw. However a
rematch saw Ocasio surprisingly knocked out in 1 round.
The following year he travelled to the UK and made little effort against local prospect John L. Gardner, before
collapsing without getting hit in the 6th round.
He retired from boxing with a record of 23 wins, 13 losses
and 1 draw, with 12 knockout wins. He currently resides
in Orlando, Florida.
2.4.5 Professional championships
2.4.2
Cruiserweight World Champion
2.4.6 See also
He later went down in weight, to fight in the then newly
created division of the Cruiserweights. In 1982 he was
matched with Robbie Williams in South Africa for the
• List of Puerto Rican boxing world champions
vacant WBA title. Ocasio became a world champion by
beating Williams by a 15 round unanimous decision. He
shared honors as world champion of that division with 2.4.7 External links
countryman Carlos De León, the WBC world champion.
• Professional boxing record for Ossie Ocasio from
Ocasio made three successful defenses, winning 15 round
BoxRec
decisions over Young Joe Louis and Randy Stephens, and
knocking out John Odhiambo in the 15th round in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. He then returned to South Africa,
where he lost his title to Piet Crous by a 15 round de- 2.5 Carlos De León
cision. One month before losing the title, his brother had
been murdered.
Carlos de León, also known as “Sugar” de Leon, (born
Ocasio, during his championship run, was able to buy a
house in Trujillo Alto, where he maintained a large farm.
He also participated in a Puerto Rican movie, playing a
slave in the production.
In 1986, he made a comeback, winning two fights including a 10 round decision over former world champion
Dwight Muhammad Qawi in Atlantic City. The crowd
jeered Ocasio for his negative style, but it was the intelligent strategy to use on a short bomber like Qawi.
He attempted to regain his world championship against
Evander Holyfield in Marseille, France, but lost by a
knockout in 11 rounds.
May 3, 1959) is a Puerto Rican former boxer who made
history by becoming the first Cruiserweight to win the
world title twice. Subsequently, he kept breaking his own
record for the most times as Cruiserweight champion by
regaining it twice more.
2.5.1 Career
De León, a native of Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, first
won a world title when faced with WBC world champion Marvin Camel on November 25, 1980, at the undercard of Sugar Ray Leonard and Roberto Durán's second
fight in New Orleans. De León outpointed Camel over 15
rounds. After he knocked out Camel in 8 in a rematch,
2.4.3 Return to Heavyweight
countryman Ossie Ocasio won the WBA world title, becoming the second pair of Puerto Ricans to share world
He returned to the heavyweight division in 1988, defeat- titles in the same division at the same time, after Alfredo
ing Pierre Coetzer in South Africa, but losing the deci- Escalera and Samuel Serrano had achieved the feat in the
sion in a rematch. After this fight he was relegated to 1970s at Jr. Lightweight. De León lost his title in a shocktrialhorse status.
ing upset to former Gerry Cooney victim S. T. Gordon
2.6. JAMES TILLIS
13
by a knockout in round 2 at Cleveland in 1982, and won a
comeback fight versus former world Heavyweight champion Leon Spinks by a knockout in round six in 1983.
After that, he and Gordon boxed a rematch in Las Vegas,
and De León dropped Gordon once in the first round and
once in the twelfth, en route to a unanimous decision win
in a history-making bout: De León had now become the
first boxer to win the world Cruiserweight title twice.
2.6 James Tillis
During the 1990s, De León ran afoul of the law a number
of times, once while he was carrying a rifle. Today, he
concentrates on helping the career of his son Carlos de
León Jr.
to future pro opponent Greg Page in the 1976 National
Golden Gloves. He also managed to beat future pro contender Renaldo Snipes, who he later turned pro with on
the same card in 1978.
James Tillis (born July 5, 1957) is a former professional
boxer. Known as “Quick”, he was known for his fast hand
speed. Tillis challenged for the WBA world heavyweight
title in 1981, but was defeated by fifteen round unanimous decision to Mike Weaver. Tillis was the first man
to go the distance with a prime Mike Tyson in 1986. He
He defended his title against Yaqui López by a knockout holds notable wins over former heavyweight contender
in four at San Jose, California, and with decisions over Ron Stander, and the hard-punching Earnie Shavers.
Anthony Davis, José María Flores Burlón, and Bashiru
Ali. The Davis and Burlon bouts took place in Las Vegas and the fight with Ali was in Oakland, California. De 2.6.1 Personal
León next lost his title in Las Vegas to Alfonzo Ratliff by
a decision. Ratliff was in turn beaten by Bernard Benton, A native of Tulsa, Oklahoma, he was the firstborn son
who defended against De León on March 22, 1986, once of James Tillis and wife Rose. Tillis attended Mclain
again in Las Vegas. De León joined the likes of Sugar High School and grew up in a very religious southern
Ray Robinson and Muhammad Ali in becoming one of family, with an alcoholic father and a deeply religious
the few boxers ever to win one division’s world champi- mother. His mother would later join First Baptist Moonship at least three times, defeating Benton by decision. hawk Church under the leadership of Pastor Clint SimHe made a couple of defenses in Italy and then in 1988, mons. He dreamed about being a professional prize
lost his titles in a unification bout with WBA world cham- fighter and was given the nickname “Quick” by his first
pion Evander Holyfield, by TKO in the eighth round, also cousin Keith Reed. “Quick” was influenced to began
in Las Vegas. But Holyfield soon left the division to pur- training to become a boxer after he listened to the 1964
sue the world Heavyweight championship, and De León bout between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston on the
was left with an open door to break his own record and radio. He enlisted the help of noted trainer Ed Duncan,
win the title for a record fourth time. He went to London, by becoming involved in the sport at the O'Brien Park
where he beat the WBC’s number 2 challenger, Sammy recreation center in north Tulsa. Tillis’ amateur record
Reeson, by a knockout in the Ninth round, breaking his of 92-8 led to his being considered for the United States
own record and crowning himself world Cruiserweight Olympic team. Due to an illness, he was unable to comchampion once again. This time, he held on to the ti- pete in the Olympic trials.
tle for two years, until losing it to Massimiliano Duran in However, his impressive amateur career included three
Italy by an 11 round disqualification.
state Golden Gloves and four state AAU titles. He lost
2.5.2
2.5.3
See also
• List of famous Puerto Ricans
• List of Puerto Rican boxing world champions
2.5.4
External links
2.6.2 Pro boxing career
Tillis began his professional boxing career in 1978, with
a first-round knockout of Ron Stephany. He won his first
20 fights with 16 knockouts. One of his most impressive early victories was a seventh-round knockout of Ron
Stander in 1980. Stander had once challenged Joe Frazier for the world title and was regarded as one of boxing’s most durable fighters. Other notable wins included
a knockout of the South American champion Domingo
D'Elia, and a points win over the sometimes dangerous
fringe contender Mike Koranicki.
Title fight
In 1981, Tillis fought “Hercules” Mike Weaver for the
• Professional boxing record for Carlos de León from WBA World Heavyweight title. After a strong start,
BoxRec
Tillis tired. The fight would become famous for trainer
14
Angelo Dundee imploring Tillis to do something, asking Having failed to secure a rematch with Tyson in 1988,
the fighter, “Do you want to be a bum all your life?" Ul- this time for the undisputed heavyweight championship,
timately, Tillis lost a close points decision.
he made one last attempt at the big time. Tillis was
In June 1982, Tillis came off the floor to outpoint the brought in to fight reigning cruiserweight world champion
hard-hitting legend Earnie Shavers. He blew that mo- Evander Holyfield, who was making a high-profile move
mentum only a few months later, being upset by late sub- into the heavyweight ranks. Holyfield punched out Tillis
stitute (and future world champion) Pinklon Thomas. In in five one-sided rounds.
November 1982, Tillis fought former amateur rival Greg
Page for the USBA Heavyweight title. He knocked Page
down, but again tired and was the victim of an eighthround knockout loss. Page would go on to win the world
title.
Downward spiral
Having scored four wins, Tillis challenged future twotime world champion Tim Witherspoon in September
1983, for the vacant North American Boxing Federation
title. Tillis was shockingly bombed out in one round, apparently slipping on a wet spot in the ring as Witherspoon
hit him. After the fight, Tillis’ trainer Angelo Dundee left
him and advised him to retire, as he had just suffered his
third defeat in thirteen months.
Tillis got a new team and put together four wins in 1984,
before challenging Carl Williams in a world title eliminator. Having decked Williams twice in the opening round,
Tillis tired and was outpointed. In 1985, under the guidance of trainer Drew Bundini Brown, he fought Joe Frazier’s son and top contender Marvis Frazier. In a recurring theme, he had Frazier down in the second round, but
again ran out of gas and was outpointed. A few months
later, he traveled to South Africa to fight hard-hitting exchamp Gerrie Coetzee. Tillis lost a unanimous decision,
but sent Coetzee to hospital with stitches and missing
teeth.
Stamina issue
After extensive medical examination, Tillis’ strange recurrent fatigue midway through fights was found to derive from a severe allergy to the classic fighter’s diet of
milk and eggs. A doctor provided Tillis with a more suitable diet, in the training for his upcoming fight with Mike
Tyson, a red-hot prospect with a 19-0 (19 knockouts)
record. Tillis appeared to be a new man, as he exchanged
with Tyson and gave the future two-time champion a very
tough fight. Although ultimately outpointed, he was the
first person ever to take Iron Mike the distance.
The new Tillis was short-lived however, as he traveled
to Australia and lost a decision to veteran Joe Bugner.
In 1987 he was upset in eight rounds, as underdog (and
regular Tyson sparring partner) Michael Williams came
off the floor to stop Tillis. Later in the same year, he
was stopped in five rounds on cuts by future champ Frank
Bruno in London, and then knocked out in 10 rounds by
hard-hitting Johnny DuPlooy in South Africa.
Tillis resurfaced in 1991. However, his days even as a
journeyman appeared over, as hard-hitting (and future
WBO World Champion) Tommy Morrison stopped him
out in one round.
Semi-retirement
Tillis fought on and off until 2001. Although he still was
able to outpoint former top-flight amateur Craig Payne,
a 39-year-old Tillis was stopped in six rounds by Cliff
Couser in 1996.
Tillis fought his last fight in 2001, losing to clubfighter
Rob Calloway when he was 44 years old.
2.6.4 Life after boxing
In retirement he wrote an autobiography, Thinkin Big:
The Story of James Quick Tillis, the Fightin' Cowboy.
James Tillis received catBOX Entertainment, Inc.’s Lifetime Sports Achievement Award. Tillis, whose fighting prowess named him “quick” and “the fighting cowboy”, was honored with the catBOX Entertainment, Inc.’s
Lifetime Sports Achievement Award, before the main
event at catBOX’s professional fight card set for February
11, 2010 at Remington Park Casino in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma.[1]
On Feb. 12, 2010, the State of Oklahoma honored one
of its favorite sons, James “Quick” Tillis of Tulsa. Gov.
Brad Henry signed a declaration making Feb. 12 James
“Quick” Tillis Day in Oklahoma.[2]
As of 2010 Tillis is living in Tulsa.[3]
His daughter Iciss played basketball at Duke University as
a center, and was on the United States National Team for
the 2003 Pan American Games. Iciss was later selected in
the first round by the Detroit Shock during 2004 WNBA
Draft. She later played for the New York Liberty in 2006.
2.6.5 Rochester Boxing Hall of Fame induction
On November 5, 2011, James “Quick” Tillis was Inducted into the Rochester Boxing Hall of Fame, receiving
the “John Mastrella Integrity Award”.
2.7. PINKLON THOMAS
15
Tillis places the priorities in his life as “Serving The Lord 2.7 Pinklon Thomas
Jesus Christ, Cowboy-ing and volunteering with amateur
boxing clubs”.
Pinklon Thomas (born February 10, 1958, in Pontiac,
Bringing to fruition film adaptation of his autobiography, Michigan) is a retired heavyweight boxer and former
Thinkin Big: The Story of James Quick Tillis, the Fightin' WBC heavyweight champion from 1984 to 1986, whose
trademark pink boxing trunks and a powerful left jab
Cowboy, is his pet project.
were key distinguishing characteristics.
2.6.6
References
A native of Pontiac, Michigan who also lived on military
bases in South Carolina and Washington state, Thomas
eventually settled in Orlando, Florida.
[1] http://www.catboxentertainment.com/catboxaward.html
[2] http://www.tulsabeacon.com/?p=3684
2.7.1 Pro career
[3] Adam Wisneski, “Then and Now: Boxer 'Quick' Tillis
sees fortune, fame knocked out as fast as they came”,
Tulsa World, August 8, 2010.
Pinklon Thomas turned professional after just three amateur fights and, with a record of 24-0-1, would finally get
his World title shot against reigning WBC champion Tim
Witherspoon in August 1984, in Las Vegas, NV.
• http://www.catboxentertainment.com/
catboxaward.html
• http://www.tulsabeacon.com/?p=3684
• http://www.ringsideboxingshow.com/
RingsideBoxingShowPage.html
Thomas won the WBC Heavyweight Championship with
a hard fought 12-round battle over “Terrible” Tim Witherspoon on August 31, 1984. Ten months later, he defended his title against ex-champion Mike Weaver, stopping Weaver with a single punch in the eighth round.
Thomas lost the WBC title to Trevor Berbick in March
1986 by a decision.
• http://www.powerpunchers.net/WEBPROTECT%
2Dfighterinterviews.htm
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thomas came back and reeled off three ko wins before
setting up a May 1987 challenge to WBC and WBA
Heavyweight champion Mike Tyson. Although Thomas
allegedly took the fight with a serious shoulder injury,[1]
http://www.eastsideboxing.com/news.php?p=
he enjoyed success outjabbing Tyson. After a long break
7622&more=1
for a torn glove, action resumed in the 6th round where
Tyson knocked Thomas out with a brutal fifteen punch
http://poststar.com/sports/article_
salvo, knocking the extremely durable Thomas down for
3d5b9d82-ad9a-11df-963b-001cc4c002e0.html
the first and last time in his lengthy career. Although he
http://www.boxingscene.com/
got up inside the count, the fight was waved off.
james-quick-tillis-memories-near-miss-kid-$-$32419
Thomas went in and out of retirement over the following
years, taking fights against top contenders.
http://thesecondimpact.com/uploads/boxing_hof_
In December 1988 he returned from a 19 month laypress_release.pdf
off to fight #1 heavyweight contender Evander Holyfield.
Thomas looked rusty as he was outmatched over 7 rounds,
http://www.tulsaworld.com/sportsextra/article.
after which he was pulled out of his corner. Long-time
aspx?subjectid=29&articleid=20111113_29_
trainer Angelo Dundee advised Thomas to retire and
B10_CUTLIN155558
stopped working with him.
http://www.sportofboxing.com/
Thomas returned in 1990 to outpoint Curtis Isaac over
a-comparison-of-master-plans-david-haye-vs-james-quick-tillis/
10 rounds, before being outpointed himself by the er-
• http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/18973998
• http://www.fighthype.com/pages/content11742.
html
2.6.7
External links
ratic and unpredictable Mike “The Bounty” Hunter. A
few months later he fought Riddick Bowe and pulled out
after 8 rounds. Bowe would go on to defeat Holyfield and
become undisputed world heavyweight champion.
In February 1991 he took on hard hitting heavyweight
Tommy Morrison but was cut and shaken up in the opening round, and pulled out on his stool. Morrison went on
to win the WBO belt.
• Professional boxing record for James Tillis from Thomas attempted one final comeback in 1992, winning
BoxRec
twelve fights before outpointing Craig Payne. In his final
16
fight in January 1993 he was upset by journeyman “Pon- 2.8.2 Pro career
cho” Carter.
Dokes turned professional in 1976. He received national
A comeback fight in 1999 with old foe Tim Witherspoon
exposure in a televised exhibition with Muhammad Ali
was not to be, because a fight with Larry Holmes for the
in 1977, which saw Ali clown and mug while slipping
winner could not be confirmed.
Dokes’ punches, but also revealed glimpses of Dokes’
potential.[1] He came to real prominence in 1979 by defeating veteran contender Jimmy Young. His career fal2.7.2 Retirement
tered slightly after fighting to a draw with Ossie Ocasio,
Thomas now has a foundation, Project P.I.N.K. (Pride in but Dokes returned to knock out Ocasio in one round soon
thereafter. By early 1982, after a first round knockout of
Neighborhood Kids), and is a motivational speaker.
Lynn Ball to win the NABF title, Dokes was in line for
a title shot. He was ranked #2 by the WBC and #3 by
the WBA. Dokes became WBA heavyweight champion
in 1982 by knocking out Mike Weaver in the first round.
A rematch was ordered due to the controversial nature
2.7.4 References
of referee Joey Curtis's stoppage, which some felt was
[1] “Where Are They Now? Pinklon Thomas” Interview by premature. In the rematch, Dokes retained his title on a
Shawn M. Murphy
majority draw.
Dokes’s reign as the WBA title holder was short-lived. He
lost his title by a tenth round knockout to Gerrie Coetzee.
He was later knocked out by future champion Evander
• Professional boxing record for Pinklon Thomas Holyfield in a fight which was called the “Heavyweight
Fight of the Year” in 1989, and the “Heavyweight Fight
from BoxRec
of the Decade” for the 1980s.
2.7.5
External links
Dokes was knocked out by Razor Ruddock in 1990. In
1993, Dokes faced newly crowned heavyweight champion Riddick Bowe in his first title defense since defeating
Michael Marshall Dokes (August 10, 1958 – August 11, Evander Holyfield. Bowe won by TKO in the first round.
2012) was an American boxer, nicknamed “Dynamite.” Although Dokes and his team protested that the fight was
He briefly held the WBA version of the world heavy- stopped prematurely, it was obvious that Dokes was in
no condition to continue after taking a vicious barrage
weight title in the early 1980s.
of punches from the heavy hitting Bowe. After a nearly
three year hiatus, Dokes returned to the ring winning 3
out 5 matches over a two year period before retiring for
good in 1997.
Dokes won a silver medal at the 1975 Pan American
Games. He lost a 3-2 split decision to Teófilo Stevenson
in the finals. He also lost a close decision to John Tate in 2.8.3 Honors
the Olympic Trials, after which he turned professional.
Dokes was named The Ring magazine Comeback of the
Year fighter for 1988.
Amateur accomplishments
2.8 Michael Dokes
• 1975 National AAU Heavyweight Champion
• 1976 National Golden Gloves Heavyweight Champion, beating future pro champs John Tate and Greg 2.8.5 Life after boxing
Page en route.
In 1999 Dokes was sentenced to between four and 15
• As an underage 15 year old, made it to the finals of
years in prison after being convicted of an attack on his fiboth the 1974 National Golden Gloves and the Naancee in August 1998. Late in 2008, Dokes was released
tional AAU tournaments.He lost to Leon Spinks in
on parole.[2] Dokes died of liver cancer at a hospice in
AAU final, and future Tyson trainer Bobby Stewart
Akron in August 2012 – a day after his 54th birthday.[3][4]
in the Golden Gloves final.
• Won 1974 North American championships.
• Beat Marvin Stinson, who won the 1976 National
AAU Heavyweight Championship.
2.8.6 Notes
[1] Video on YouTube
2.11. BUSTER DOUGLAS
17
[2] Gambling Magazine
2.10.2 Pro career
[3]
Main article: Mike Tyson vs. Alex Stewart
[4]
2.8.7
References
Nicknamed “The Destroyer”, Stewart did just that in the
heavyweight ranks, at least early in his career. Stewart
reeled off 24 consecutive wins, all by KO, prior to dropping his first loss to Evander Holyfield.
• Professional boxing record for Michael Dokes from
Stewart is probably best known for being blown out by
BoxRec
Mike Tyson in the first round in 1990,[1] and lost to
other notable heavyweights of his era, including Michael
Moorer, George Foreman, and Oleg Maskaev.
2.9 Adilson Rodrigues
Stewart’s loss to Foreman is likely his most notable ring
performance. Although Foreman knocked him down
José Adilson “Maguila” Rodrigues dos Santos (born twice, Stewart recovered to lose a narrow majority deSeptember 2, 1958 in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil) is a for- cision to Foreman, in which Foreman was badly swollen
mer Brazilian heavyweight boxer. He scored 61 knock- about the face.
outs with 43 of those coming under 5 rounds. Rodrigues
currently resides in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rodrigues is a former World Boxing Foundation (WBF) 2.10.3
heavyweight champion, and held the South American title
for 14 straight years, from 1986 to 2000.
2.10.4
2.9.1
2.9.2
References
Personal life
Alex Stewart has a daughter, Tenille Stewart born in
1985.
2.10.5 References
[1] http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=940&cat=
boxer
2.9.3
External links
[1] Finger, David E. (2014). Rocky Lives!. Potomac Books,
Inc. p. 254. ISBN 9781612343099. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
• Professional boxing record for Adílson Rodrigues 2.10.6 External links
from BoxRec
• Professional boxing record for Alex Stewart from
BoxRec
2.10 Alex Stewart
For other people named Alex Stewart, see Alex Stewart
(disambiguation).
2.11 Buster Douglas
James “Buster” Douglas (born April 7, 1960) is a forAlex Stewart (born June 28, 1964, in London, England) mer undisputed world heavyweight boxing champion who
was a professional boxer, who represented Jamaica at the scored a stunning upset when he knocked out previously
undefeated champion Mike Tyson on February 11, 1990,
1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
in Tokyo, Japan. At the time, Tyson was considered to
be the best boxer in the world and one of the most feared
heavyweight champions in history due to his utter domination of the division. The Mirage Casino in Las Vegas,
Stewart was a member of the Jamaican 1984 Olympic the only Las Vegas casino to make odds on the fight (all
team. He was beaten by Sweden’s Håkan Brock in the others declining to do so as they considered the fight such
1/8 final of the heavyweight competition, losing by a 5-0 a foregone conclusion), had Douglas as a 42 to 1 underdecision. A year earlier he won a bronze medal at the Pan dog for the fight, making his victory, in commentator Jim
American Games. Lost to Michael Bent(t) in a thrilling Lampley's words, “Let’s go ahead and call it. The biggest
match in the 1985 Heavyweight Golden Gloves Finals.
upset in the history of heavyweight championship fights!"
18
Douglas held the title for eight months and two weeks, losing on October 25, 1990, to 28-year-old, 6-foot-2-inch,
208-pound Evander Holyfield, via third-round KO, in his
only title defense.
2.11.1
Growing up
The son of professional boxer William “Dynamite” Douglas, Douglas grew up in Columbus, Ohio, in the predominantly black Linden-area neighborhood, Windsor
Terrace. He attended Linden McKinley High School
where he played football and basketball, even leading
Linden to a Class AAA state basketball championship
in 1977. After high school, Douglas played basketball for the Coffeyville Community College Red Ravens
in Coffeyville, Kansas from 1977 to 1978 where the
seventeen-year-old was a 6 feet 0 inch power forward. He
is in the Coffeyville Red Ravens Men’s Basketball Hall of
Fame.[1] He also played basketball at Sinclair Community College from 1979 to 1980 in Dayton, OH before
attending Mercyhurst University on a basketball scholarship. He moved back to Columbus to focus on boxing.[2]
For a brief period of time during his early twenties, Douglas was known as the “Desert Fox” within the Columbus
boxing community. This moniker was affixed to Douglas because of a misinterpreted encyclopedia entry regarding Douglas MacArthur and Erwin Rommel. Several friends of Buster Douglas mistakenly believed that
Douglas MacArthur was known as the “Desert Fox” and
subsequently addressed the future Heavyweight Champion as such. However, Buster Douglas distanced himself
from the “Desert Fox” label no later than 1985 because
of clarification from his promotional team and the concern that he might be confused with Syrian boxer Ghiath
Tayfour.[3][4]
On November 9, Douglas was scheduled to fight heavyweight contender Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas. Berbick
pulled out of the bout three days before it was scheduled and Randall “Tex” Cobb elected to take the fight
in Berbick’s place. Douglas defeated the former heavyweight contender by winning a majority decision. The
next year he fought up and coming contender Jesse Ferguson, but was beaten by majority decision.
Douglas fought three times in 1986, defeating former champion Greg Page and fringe contender David
Jaco in two of the fights. This earned him a shot at
the International Boxing Federation championship that
Michael Spinks was stripped of for refusing to defend it.
Douglas started well against Tony Tucker and was ahead
on points, but he ran out of gas and was stopped in the
tenth round.
After the Tucker defeat Douglas won four consecutive
fights and went on to fight Trevor Berbick in 1989, winning by a unanimous decision. He followed that up with
a unanimous decision victory over future heavyweight
champion Oliver McCall, and earned a shot at the undisputed heavyweight championship held by Mike Tyson,
who became the universally recognized champion after
knocking out Spinks in one round in 1988. (Douglas
fought on the undercard of the event and defeated Mike
Williams by TKO in seven rounds.)
Championship fight against Mike Tyson
Main article: Mike Tyson vs. Buster Douglas
The fight was scheduled for February 11, 1990 and took
place in Tokyo at the Tokyo Dome. Almost everyone assumed that Douglas’ fight versus Mike Tyson was going
to be another quick knockout for the champion. Only one
betting parlor in Las Vegas would hold odds for the bout,
and many thought it was just an easy tune-up for Tyson
2.11.2 Boxing career
before a future mega-fight with undefeated Evander Holyfield, who had recently moved up to heavyweight from
Douglas made his debut on May 31, 1981 and defeated
cruiserweight where he became the first boxer to be the
Dan O'Malley in a four round bout. He won his first five undisputed champion of the weight class.
fights before coming into a fight with David Bey twenty
pounds heavier than he usually did in his early fights. Bey Douglas’ mother, Lula Pearl, died 23 days before the ti[5]
knocked Douglas out in the second round to hand him his tle bout. Douglas, who had trained hard, surprised the
world by dominating the fight from the beginning, using
first defeat.
his 12-inch reach advantage to perfection. He seemingly
After six more fights, all wins, Douglas fought Steffen hit Tyson at will with powerful jabs and right hands and
Tangstad to a draw on October 16, 1982. He was pe- skillfully danced out of range of Tyson’s own punches.
nalized two points during the course of the fight which The champion had not taken Douglas seriously, expecting
proved to be the difference.
another quick and easy knockout victory. He was slow,
After the draw Douglas went on to beat largely journey- refusing to move his head and slip his way in (his usual
man fighters over the next fourteen months. Two of his effective strategy) but rather setting his feet and throwing
wins were against Jesse Clark, Douglas fought him a total big, lunging hooks, repeatedly trying to beat Douglas with
of three times and knocked him out all three times. In single punches. By the fifth round, Tyson’s left eye was
his last fight of 1983 Douglas was dominating opponent swelling shut from Douglas’ many right hands, and ringMike White, only to lose the fight when White knocked side HBO announcers proclaimed it was the most punishment they had ever seen the champion absorb. Larry
him out in the ninth round.
2.11. BUSTER DOUGLAS
19
Merchant memorably added, “Well, if Mike Tyson, who in the eighth round. A week later, during an in-studio
loves pigeons, was looking for a pigeon in this bout, he interview with HBO’s Larry Merchant, Douglas admithasn't found him.”
ted that the protest and the post-fight confusion ruined
Tyson’s cornermen appeared to be unprepared for the what should have been the best time of his life. During
suddenly dire situation. They had not brought an endswell that interview with both fighters, Merchant asked Tyson
to the fight, so they were forced to put tap water into a la- the first four questions, infuriating Douglas’ management
tex glove to hold over Tyson’s swelling eye. By the end crew, who stopped just short of walking out of the HBO
of the fight, Tyson’s eye had swollen almost completely studios.
shut. In the eighth round, Tyson landed a right uppercut that knocked Douglas down. The referee’s count engendered controversy as Douglas was on his feet when
the referee reached nine, although the official knockdown
timekeeper was two seconds ahead. In the ring the final arbiter of the knockdown seconds is the referee and a
comparison with Douglas’s winning knockdown count issued to Tyson two rounds later revealed that both fighters
had received long counts.[6]
Tyson came out aggressively in the dramatic ninth round
and continued his attempts to end the fight with one
big punch hoping that Douglas was still hurt from the
8th round knockdown. Both men traded punches before
Douglas connected on a multi-punch combination that
staggered Tyson back to the ropes. With Tyson hurt along
the ropes Douglas unleashed a vicious attack to try to finish off a dazed Tyson but, amazingly, Tyson withstood
the punishment and barely survived the 9th round. Douglas dominated the tenth round from the outset. While
setting Tyson up with his jab Douglas scored a huge uppercut, followed by a rapid combination, and knocked
Tyson down for the first time in his career, making boxing
history. Tyson struggled to his knees and picked up his
mouthpiece lying on the mat next to him. He awkwardly
attempted to place it back into his mouth. The image of
Tyson with the mouthpiece hanging crookedly from his
lips would become an enduring image from the fight. He
was unable to beat the referee’s count, and Douglas was
the new heavyweight champion of the world. As Buster
Douglas said in an interview years later, “I thought Tyson
was getting up until I had seen him looking for that mouth
piece and then I knew that he was really hurt. So anytime
you know you only got ten seconds to get up so you aren’t
going to worry about anything but just getting up first. So
when I had seen him looking around for that mouth piece
I knew he was really hurt.”[7] By contrast, during Douglas’s knockdown two rounds earlier, the fighter shows
to be ready to continue early in the count (he bangs his
fist against the canvas in frustration at having let Tyson
land the crucial counterpunch, showing no signs of being
seriously hurt). Douglas, however, clearly waits for the
referee to count to 8 before getting up.
Douglas long dreamed of the moment when he would be
awarded the Heavyweight Championship Belt and his joy
at receiving it and putting it on in the ring following the
bout is apparent. His joy soon turned to confusion and
then anger as manager John Johnson informed him in the
dressing room that Tyson and Don King were lodging
an official protest about the referee’s knockdown count
After the upset
Main article: Buster Douglas vs. Evander Holyfield
While still Champion, Douglas appeared on the February 23, 1990 episode of the World Wrestling Federation’s
"WWF The Main Event", as special guest referee for a
rematch between Hulk Hogan and “Macho Man” Randy
Savage. Originally, Mike Tyson was scheduled to be the
guest referee, but following the upset, the WWF scrambled to sign on Douglas for the event. At the end of the
match, Douglas was provoked into a 'storyline' punch and
knockout of Savage, who was the 'heel' wrestler in the
match.
The defeated Tyson clamored for a rematch and Douglas
was offered more money than he had ever made before
for a fight. Not wanting to deal with Tyson’s camp or his
promoter Don King, Douglas decided to make his first defense against #1 contender Evander Holyfield, who had
watched the new champion dethrone Tyson from ringside in Tokyo. Douglas came into the October 25, 1990
fight at 246 pounds, 15 pounds heavier than he was for the
Tyson match and also the heaviest he'd weighed in for a
fight since a 1985 bout with Dion Simpson, in which he
tipped the scale at just over 247 pounds.
In the third round of the fight, Douglas attempted to hit
Holyfield with a hard uppercut that he telegraphed. Holyfield avoided the uppercut and hit an off-balance Douglas
with a straight right to the chin to knock him down. Douglas did not get up from the punch and lost his championship, electing to retire after the fight.
Later career
Douglas vs Holyfield was a reported $24.6 million payday for Douglas, though years later he said on the Howard
Stern show he walked away with $1.5 million after taxes,
managers, trainers, etc. In that same interview he said
he received $1.3 million for the Tyson win, but for the
same reasons netted $15,000. Doing little for the next
several years, Douglas gained weight, reaching nearly 400
pounds. It was only after he nearly died during a diabetic
coma that he decided to attempt a return to the sport.
He went back into training and made a comeback. He
was successful at first, winning 6 straight fights, but his
comeback almost came to a halt in a 1997 disqualification win over journeyman Louis Monaco. In a bizarre
20
ending, Monaco landed a right hand, just after the bell
ending round one, that knocked Douglas to the canvas.
Douglas was unable to continue after a five-minute rest
period and was consequently awarded the win by disqualification (on account of Monaco’s illegal punch).
[3] Arabic Eurosport: ‫اغتيال الملاكم السوري غياث‬
‫( طيفور برصاص مسلحين‬in Arabic)
A fight with light-heavyweight champion Roy Jones, Jr.
was touted in the late 1990s, although ultimately fell
through.[8] In 1998 Douglas was knocked out in the
first round of a fight with heavyweight contender Lou
Savarese. Douglas subsequently had two more fights,
winning both, and retired in 1999 with a final record of
38-6-1.
[5] “Timeline James “Buster” Douglas”. The Columbus Dispatch. 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
2.11.3
Film and game
Douglas made his feature film acting debut in the Artie
Knapp science fiction comedy film Pluto’s Plight.
[4] Long, Bill (2007). Tyson-Douglas: The Inside Story of the
Upset of the Century. Potomac Books. pp. 122–124.
[6] Anderson, Dave (1990-02-12). “SPORTS OF THE
TIMES; Referee’s Count Is What Counts”. The New York
Times. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
[7] “Buster Douglas on the Tyson vs Douglas fight”. boxingmemories.com. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
[8] “Will He Be A Tyson Chicken?". Sports Illustrated.
1998-05-04. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
[9] The “i"-Dot Tradition, OSU Marching and Athletic Bands
Online
Douglas was the star of the video game James 'Buster'
Douglas Knockout Boxing for the Sega Master System and 2.11.8 External links
Sega Genesis. (In reality, Sega took a pre-existing game,
Final Blow, changed the name, and changed one of the
character’s names to Douglas’.) This game is considered
• Professional boxing record for Buster Douglas from
as a response to Nintendo's Mike Tyson’s Punch-Out!!,
BoxRec
especially since Tyson lost to Douglas, which Sega took
advantage in order to promote their early "Genesis does
• Buster’s new book with co-author Tony Reynolds:
what Nintendon't" advertisements - an advertising camBuster’s Backyard Bar-B-Q, Knockout Diabetes
paign in which Douglas frequently participated in.
Diet (Amazon.Com)
In 1995, HBO aired Tyson, a television movie based upon
• Buster’s Twitter ID: iambuster
the life of Mike Tyson. Douglas was portrayed by actor
Duane Davis.
• Buster Douglas’ movie Pluto’s Plight
2.11.4
Honors
Douglas is one of the few non-students to be honored by
Ohio State University with the opportunity to dot the “i”
during the performance of the Script Ohio by The Ohio
State University Marching Band.[9]
2.11.5
2.11.6
See also
• List of undisputed boxing champions
2.11.7
References
[1] “Men’s Basketball Hall of Fame”. Coffeyville Community
College. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
[2] “A changed Buster Douglas reconnects with true self”.
Dayton Daily News. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
• Video of the knockout of Mike Tyson
• Datos y curiosidades sobre Buster Douglas en espanol
2.12 George Foreman
For the English footballer, see George Foreman (footballer).
George Edward Foreman (nicknamed “Big George";[1]
born January 10, 1949) is a retired American professional boxer, two-time World Heavyweight Champion,
Olympic gold medalist, ordained minister, author, and
entrepreneur. After a troubled childhood, Foreman took
up boxing and was a gold medalist at the 1968 Olympics.
He won the World Heavyweight title with a second-round
knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1973. He made two successful title defenses before losing to Muhammad Ali in "The Rumble in the Jungle" in 1974. He was unable to secure another title shot,
and retired following a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977. Following what he referred to as a religious epiphany, Foreman became an ordained Christian minister. Ten years
2.12. GEORGE FOREMAN
later, he announced a comeback and, in November 1994,
at age 45, he regained the Heavyweight Championship
by knocking out 27-year-old Michael Moorer. Foreman
is the oldest Heavyweight Champion in history, and second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins. He
retired in 1997 at the age of 48, with a final record of
76–5, including 68 knockouts.
21
In 1971, Foreman won seven more fights, winning all
of them by knockout, including a rematch with Peralta,
whom he defeated by knockout in the tenth and final
round in Oakland, California, and a win over Leroy Caldwell, who was knocked out in the second round. After
amassing a record of 32–0 (29 KO), Foreman was ranked
as the number one challenger by the WBA and WBC.
Foreman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of
Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame. The In- The Sunshine Showdown vs. Joe Frazier
ternational Boxing Research Organization (IBRO) rates
Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all-time.[2]
In 2002, he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters
of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine.[3] The Ring
ranked him as the 9th greatest puncher of all-time.[4] He
was a ringside analyst for HBO's boxing coverage for
twelve years, leaving in 2004.[5] Outside of boxing, he is
a successful entrepreneur and is known for his promotion
of the George Foreman Grill, which has sold over 100
million units worldwide.[6] In 1999 he sold the naming
rights to the grill for $138 million.[7]
2.12.1
Early life
George Foreman was born in Marshall, Texas. He grew
up in the Fifth Ward, Houston, with six siblings.[8] Although raised by J.D. Foreman, whom his mother had
married when George was a small child, his biological
father was Leroy Moorehead. Foreman was interested in
football and idolized Jim Brown, but gave it up for boxing.
He won a gold medal in the boxing/heavyweight division
at the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games. By his own
admission in his autobiography, George was a troubled
youth. He dropped out of school at the age of fifteen, he
later joined the Job Corps, later moving to Pleasanton,
California with the help of a supervisor, he began to train
in boxing.
2.12.2
Professional career
Foreman had an amateur record of 22–4, losing twice to
Clay Hodges (also defeated by Max Briggs in his first ever
fight). Foreman turned professional in 1969 with a threeround knockout of Donald Walheim in New York. He
had a total of 13 fights that year, winning all of them (11
by knockout).
George Foreman in 1973
Main article: Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman
In 1972, still undefeated, and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and
Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Joe Frazier.
Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped
from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from
Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar
Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman’s superior
size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier[9] and
was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight.
In 1970, Foreman continued his march toward the undisputed heavyweight title, winning all 12 of his bouts (11
by knockout). Among the opponents he defeated were
Gregorio Peralta, whom he decisioned at Madison Square
Garden although Peralta gave a very good account of himself and showed George was vulnerable to fast counter
punching mixed with an assertive boxing style. But the
boxing world shuddered when George Chuvalo was defeated by technical knockout (TKO) in three rounds. Af- The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973,
ter this impressive win, Foreman defeated Charlie Polite in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight
in four rounds and Boone Kirkman in three.
to win the championship by technical knockout. In
22
ABC’s re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the memorable
call, “Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier! Down
goes Frazier!" Before the fight Frazier was 29–0 (25 KO)
and Foreman was 37–0 (34 KO). Frazier was knocked
down six times by Foreman within two rounds, with the
three knockdowns rule being waived for this bout. After the second knockdown, Frazier’s balance and mobility
were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade
Foreman’s combinations. Frazier managed to get to his
feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante
eventually called an end to the one-sided bout.
Foreman was sometimes characterized by the media as an
aloof and antisocial champion.[10] According to them, he
always seemed to wear a sneer and was not often available
to the press. Foreman would later attribute his demeanor
during this time as an emulation of Sonny Liston, for
whom he had been an occasional sparring partner. Foreman went on to defend his title successfully twice during
his initial reign as champion. His first defense, in Tokyo,
pitted him against Puerto Rican Heavyweight Champion
José Roman. Roman was not regarded as a top contender
and it took Foreman only 2 minutes to end the fight, one
of the fastest knockouts in a Heavyweight Championship
bout.
Title defense versus Ken Norton
Main article: George Foreman vs. Ken Norton
Foreman’s next defense was against a much tougher opponent. In 1974, in Caracas, Venezuela, he faced the
highly regarded hall-of-famer Ken Norton (who was 30–
2), a boxer noted for his awkward crossed-arm boxing
style, crab-like defense and heavy punch (a style Foreman
would emulate in his comeback), who had broken the jaw
of Muhammad Ali in a points victory a year earlier. Norton had a good chin, and had performed well against Ali in
their two matches, winning the first on points and nearly
winning the second. (Norton would develop a reputation
for showing nerves against heavy hitters, largely beginning with this fight.) After an even first round, Foreman
staggered Norton with an uppercut a minute into round
two, buckling him into the ropes. Norton did not hit the
canvas, but continued on wobbly legs, clearly not having
recovered, and shortly he went down a further two times
in quick succession, with the referee intervening and stopping the fight. “Ken was awesome when he got going. I
didn't want him to get into the fight,” Foreman said when
interviewed years later. This fight would become known
as the “Caracas Caper”.
Rumble in the Jungle
Main article: The Rumble in the Jungle
Foreman’s next title defence, against Muhammad Ali, was
historic. During the summer of 1974, Foreman traveled
to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to
defend his title against Ali. The bout was promoted as
"The Rumble in the Jungle.”
During training in Zaire, Foreman suffered a cut above
his eye, forcing postponement of the match for a month.
The injury affected Foreman’s training regimen, as it
meant he couldn't spar in the build-up to the fight and
risk the cut being re-opened. He later commented: “That
was the best thing that happened to Ali when we were in
Africa—the fact that I had to get ready for the fight without being able to box.”[11] Foreman would later also claim
he was drugged by his trainer prior to the bout.[12] Ali
used this time to tour Zaire, endearing himself to the public while taunting Foreman at every opportunity. Foreman was favored, having knocked out both Joe Frazier
and Ken Norton within two rounds.
When Foreman and Ali finally met in the ring, Ali began more aggressively than expected, outscoring Foreman with superior punching speed. However, Ali quickly
realized that this approach required him to move much
more than Foreman, and would cause him to tire. In the
second round, Ali retreated to the ropes, shielding his
head and hitting Foreman in the face at every opportunity. Foreman dug vicious body punches into Ali’s sides;
however, Foreman was unable to land many big punches
to Ali’s head. The ring ropes, being much looser than
usual (Foreman would later charge that Angelo Dundee
had loosened them and this story is supported by Norman Mailer in the book The Fight), allowed Ali to lean
back and away from Foreman’s wild swings and then grab
Foreman behind the head, forcing Foreman to expend
much extra energy untangling himself. Ali also constantly pushed down on Foreman’s neck, but was never
warned about doing so. To this day, it is unclear whether
Ali’s pre-fight talk of using speed and movement against
Foreman had been just a diversionary tactic, or whether
his use of what became known as the "Rope-a-dope" tactic was an improvisation necessitated by Foreman’s constant pressure.
In either case, Ali was able to occasionally counter off
the ropes with blows to the face and was able to penetrate
Foreman’s defense. Ali continued to take heavy punishment to the body, and occasionally a hard jolt to the head.
Ali would later say he was “out on his feet” twice during the bout. Eventually, Foreman began to tire and his
punches became increasingly wild, losing power in the
process. An increasingly confident Ali taunted Foreman
Foreman had cruised past two of the top names in the throughout the bout. Late in the eighth round, Foreman
rankings. The win gave him an impressive 40–0 record was left off balance by a haymaker and Ali sprang off the
with 37 knockouts.
ropes with a flurry to Foreman’s head, punctuated by a
23
hard right cross that landed flush on the jaw, knocking twice by Foreman in the fifth round and the fight was
Foreman down. Muhammad Ali would ultimately be the stopped. Next, Foreman knocked out Scott LeDoux in
only boxer to stop Foreman.
three and John Dino Denis in four to finish the year.
Foreman would later reflect that “it just wasn't my night”.
Though he sought one, he was unable to secure a rematch
with Ali. It has been suggested in some quarters that Ali
was ducking Foreman; although he did give a rematch to
Joe Frazier and to Ken Norton. Ali also preferred to fight
such lowly ranked opponents as Chuck Wepner, Richard
Dunn, Jean Pierre Coopman, and Alfredo Evangelista.[13]
First comeback
Main article: George Foreman vs. Joe Frazier II
Foreman remained inactive during 1975. In 1976, he announced a comeback and stated his intention of securing
a rematch with Ali. His first opponent was to be Ron
Lyle, who had been defeated by Muhammad Ali in 1975,
via 11-th round TKO. At the end of the first round, Lyle
landed a hard right that sent Foreman staggering across
the ring. In the second round, Foreman pounded Lyle
against the ropes and might have scored a KO, but due to a
timekeeping error the bell rang with a minute still remaining in the round and Lyle survived. In the third, Foreman pressed forward, with Lyle waiting to counter off
the ropes. In the fourth, a brutal slugfest erupted. A cluster of power punches from Lyle sent Foreman to the canvas. When Foreman got up, Lyle staggered him again, but
just as Foreman seemed finished he retaliated with a hard
right to the side of the head, knocking down Lyle. Lyle
beat the count, then landed another brutal combination,
knocking Foreman down for the second time. Again,
Foreman beat the count. Foreman said later that he had
never been hit so hard in a fight and remembered looking
down at the canvas and seeing blood. In the fifth round,
both fighters continued to ignore defense and traded their
hardest punches looking crude. Each man staggered the
other and each seemed almost out on his feet. Then, as
if finally tired, Lyle stopped punching and Foreman delivered a dozen unanswered blows until Lyle collapsed.
Lyle remained on the canvas and was counted out giving
Foreman the KO victory. The fight was named by The
Ring as “The Fight Of The Year.”
For his next bout, Foreman chose to face Joe Frazier in
a rematch. Because of the one-sided Foreman victory
in their first fight, and the fact that Frazier had taken a
tremendous amount of punishment from Ali in Manila a
year earlier, few expected him to win. Frazier at this point
was 32–3 and Foreman was 41–1. Surprisingly, the 2nd
Foreman-Frazier fight was fairly competitive for its duration, as Frazier used quick head movements to make
Foreman miss with his hardest punches. Frazier was
wearing a contact lens for his vision which was knocked
loose during the bout. After being unable to mount a significant offense, however, Frazier was eventually floored
Retirement and Rebirth
1977 would prove to be a life changing year for Foreman. After knocking out Pedro Agosto in four rounds at
Pensacola, Florida, Foreman flew to Puerto Rico a day
before the fight without giving himself time to acclimatise. His opponent was the skilled boxer Jimmy Young,
who had beaten Ron Lyle and lost a very controversial
decision to Muhammad Ali the previous year. Foreman fought cautiously early on, allowing Young to settle
into the fight. Young constantly complained about Foreman pushing him, for which Foreman eventually had a
point deducted by the referee, although Young was never
warned for his persistent holding. Foreman badly hurt
Young in round 7 but was unable to land a finishing blow.
Foreman tired during the second half of the fight and even
suffered a flash knockdown in round 12 en route to losing
a decision.
Foreman became ill in his dressing room after the fight.
He was suffering from exhaustion and heatstroke and believed he had a near death experience. He spoke of being
in a hellish, frightening place of nothingness and despair,
and realized that he was in the midst of death. Though
not yet religious, he began to plead with God to help him.
He explained that he sensed God asking him to change
his life and ways. When he said, “I don't care if this
is death – I still believe there is a God,” he felt a hand
pull him out and sensed that he was also suffering stigmata. After this experience, Foreman became a bornagain Christian, dedicating his life for the next decade to
God. Although he did not formally retire from boxing,
Foreman stopped fighting and became an ordained minister, initially preaching on street corners before becoming the reverend at the Church of the Lord Jesus Christ
in Houston[14] and devoting himself to his family and
his congregation. He also opened a youth center[15] that
bears his name. Foreman continues to share his conversion experience on Christian television broadcasts such as
The 700 Club and the Trinity Broadcasting Network and
would later joke that Young had knocked the devil out of
him.
Second comeback
Main articles: George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney,
Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman and George
Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison
In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the
age of 38. In his autobiography, he wrote that his primary motive was to raise money to fund the youth center
24
he had created, which had required much of the money
he had earned in the initial phase of his career. Another
stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson.[16] For his first
fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat
journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.
Foreman weighed 267 lb (121 kg) for the fight and looked
badly out of shape. Although many thought his decision
to return to the ring was a mistake, Foreman countered
that he had returned to prove that age was not a barrier
to people achieving their goals (as he would say later, he
wanted to show that age 40 is not a “death sentence”). He
won four more bouts that year, gradually slimming down
and improving his fitness. In 1988, he won nine times.
Perhaps his most notable win during this period was a seventh round knockout of former Light Heavyweight and
Cruiserweight Champion Dwight Muhammad Qawi.
sionally landing a powerful swing of his own. Holyfield
proved too tough and agile to knock down and was well
ahead on points throughout the fight, but Foreman surprised many by lasting the full 12 rounds, losing his challenge on points. Round 7, in which Foreman knocked
Holyfield off balance before being staggered by a powerful combination, was expected to be Ring Magazine's
“Round of the Year”, though no award was given in
1991.[17]
By 1989, while continuing his comeback, Foreman had
sold his name and face for the advertising of various products, selling everything from grills to mufflers on TV. For
this purpose his public persona was reinvented and the
formerly aloof, ominous Foreman had been replaced by a
smiling, friendly George. He and Ali had become friends,
and he followed in Ali’s footsteps by making himself a
celebrity outside the boundaries of boxing.
range. Foreman was competitive throughout the match,
but after 12 rounds, Morrison won a unanimous decision.
Though it seemed unlikely at the time, one more chance
at the legitimate heavyweight crown was just around the
corner for Foreman.
A year later, Foreman fought journeyman Alex Stewart,
who had previously been stopped in the first round by
Mike Tyson. Foreman knocked down Stewart twice in
the second round, but expended a lot of energy in doing
so. He subsequently tired, and Stewart rebounded. By
the end of the 10th and final round, Foreman’s face was
bloodied and swollen, but the judges awarded him a maHaving always been a deliberate fighter, Foreman had jority decision win.
not lost much mobility in the ring since his first “retire- In 1993, Foreman received another title shot, although
ment,” although he found it harder to keep his balance af- this was for the vacant WBO Championship, which most
ter throwing big punches and could no longer throw rapid fans at the time saw as a second-tier version of the
combinations. He was still capable of landing heavy, “real” Heavyweight title, then being contested between
single blows, however. The late-round fatigue that had Holyfield and Riddick Bowe. Foreman’s opponent was
plagued him in the ring as a young man now seemed to Tommy Morrison, a young prospect known for his punchbe unexpectedly gone, and he could comfortably compete ing power. To the frustration of Foreman and the disfor 12 rounds. Foreman attributed this to his new, relaxed appointment of the booing crowd, Morrison retreated
fighting style (he has spoken of how, earlier in his career, throughout the fight, refusing to trade toe-to-toe, and
his lack of stamina came from an enormous amount of sometimes even turned his back on Foreman. The stratnervous tension).
egy paid off, however, as he outboxed Foreman from long
Regaining the title
Foreman continued his string of victories, winning five
more fights, the most impressive being a three-round win Main articles: Michael Moorer vs. George Foreman,
over Bert Cooper, who would go on to contest the Undis- George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz and George Foreman
puted Heavyweight title against Evander Holyfield.
vs. Shannon Briggs
In 1990, Foreman met former title challenger Gerry
Cooney in Atlantic City. Cooney was coming off a long
period of inactivity, but was well regarded for his punching power. Cooney wobbled Foreman in the first round,
but Foreman landed several powerful punches in the second round. Cooney was knocked down twice and Foreman had scored a devastating KO. Foreman went on to
win four more fights that year.
In 1994, Foreman once again sought to challenge for the
world championship after Michael Moorer had beaten
Holyfield for the IBF and WBA titles.
Having lost his last fight against Morrison, Foreman was
unranked and in no position to demand another title shot.
His relatively high profile, however, made a title shot
against Moorer, 19 years his junior, a lucrative prospect
Then, in 1991, Foreman was given the opportunity to at seemingly little risk for the champion.
challenge Undisputed Heavyweight Champion Evander
Foreman’s title challenge against Moorer took place on
Holyfield, who was in tremendous shape at 208 pounds,
November 5 in Las Vegas, Nevada, with Foreman wearfor the world title in a Pay Per View boxing event.
ing the same red trunks he had worn in his title loss to
Very few boxing experts gave the 42-year-old Foreman
Ali 20 years earlier. This time, however, Foreman was
a chance of winning. Foreman, who weighed in at 257
a substantial underdog. For nine rounds, Moorer easily
pounds, began the contest by marching forward, absorboutboxed him, hitting and moving away, while Foreman
ing several of Holyfield’s best combinations and occachugged forward, seemingly unable to “pull the trigger”
25
on his punches. Entering the tenth round, Foreman was
trailing on all scorecards. However, Foreman launched a
comeback in the tenth round and hit Moorer with a number of punches. Then a short right hand caught Moorer
on the tip of his chin, gashing open his bottom lip and
he collapsed to the canvas. He lay flat on his back as the
referee counted him out.
Holmes in 1999, scheduled to take place at the Houston
Astrodome on pay per view. The fight was to be billed as
“The Birthday Bash” due to both fighters’ upcoming birthdays. Foreman was set to make $10 million and Holmes
was to make $4 million, but negotiations fell through and
the fight was cancelled. With a continuing affinity for
the sport, Foreman became a respected boxing analyst for
In an instant, Foreman had regained the title he had lost HBO.
to Muhammad Ali two decades before. He went back Foreman said he had no plans to resume his career as a
to his corner and knelt in prayer as the arena erupted in boxer, but then announced in February 2004 that he was
cheers. With this historic victory, Foreman broke three training for one more comeback fight to demonstrate that
records: he became, at age 45, the oldest fighter ever to the age of 55, like 40, is not a “death sentence.” The bout,
win the World Heavyweight Championship; 20 years af- against an unspecified opponent (rumored to be Trevor
ter losing his title for the first time, he broke the record Berbick), never materialized (it was widely thought that
for the fighter with the longest interval between his first Foreman’s wife had been a major factor in the change of
and second world championships; and the age spread of plans). Having severed his relationship with HBO to pur19 years between the champion and challenger was the sue other opportunities, George Foreman and the sport of
largest of any heavyweight boxing championship fight.
boxing finally went their separate ways.
Shortly after the Moorer fight, Foreman began talking
about a potential superfight against Mike Tyson (the
youngest ever heavyweight champ). The WBA organi- 2.12.3
zation, however, demanded he fight their No. 1 challenger, who at the time was the competent but aging Tony
Tucker. For reasons not clearly known, Foreman refused
to fight Tucker and allowed the WBA to strip him of
that belt. He then went on to fight mid-level prospect
Axel Schulz of Germany in defense of his remaining
IBF title. Schulz was a major underdog. Schulz jabbed
strongly from long range and grew increasingly confident
as the fight progressed. Foreman finished the fight with
a swelling over one eye, but was awarded a controversial majority decision. The IBF ordered an immediate
rematch to be held in Germany, but Foreman refused
the terms and found himself stripped of his remaining
title. However, Foreman continued to be recognized as
the Lineal Heavyweight Champion.
In 1996, Foreman returned to Tokyo, scoring an easy win
over the unrated Crawford Grimsley by a 12-round decision. In 1997, he faced contender Lou Savarese, winning a close decision in a grueling, competitive encounter.
Then, yet another opportunity came Foreman’s way as the
WBC decided to match him against Shannon Briggs in a
1997 “eliminator bout” for the right to face WBC champion Lennox Lewis. After 12 rounds, in which Foreman
consistently rocked Briggs with power punches, almost
everyone at ringside saw Foreman as the clear winner.[18]
Once again there was a controversial decision—but this
time it went in favor of Foreman’s opponent, with Briggs
awarded a points win. Foreman had fought for the last
time, at the age of 48.
Family and private life
Foreman speaking in Houston, Texas, in September 2009
Foreman has 12 children: five sons and seven daughters. His five sons are George Jr., George III (“Monk”),
George IV (“Big Wheel”), George V (“Red”), and George
VI (“Little Joey”). The two daughters from his marriage
are Natalia and Leola; his three daughters from a separate relationship are Michi, Freeda, and Georgetta. He
adopted a daughter, Isabella Brandie Lilja (Foreman), in
2009; and another, Courtney Isaac (Foreman), in 2012.
2.12.4 Entrepreneurship (grill)
When Foreman came back from retirement he argued
that his success was due to his healthy eating, which made
him a perfect fit for Russell Hobbs Inc., who were looking
Foreman was gracious and philosophical in his loss to for a spokesperson for their fat-reducing grill, in the deBriggs, but announced his “final” retirement shortly after- sign of which Foreman had some influence. The George
ward. However, he did plan a return bout against Larry Foreman Grill has resulted in sales of over 100 million
Second retirement
26
units since it was first launched, a feat achieved in a little 2.12.8
over 15 years.
Although Foreman has never confirmed exactly how
much he has earned from the endorsement, it is known
that Salton Inc paid him $137 million in 1999, in order
to buy out the right to use his name. Previous to that he
was being paid about 40% of the profits on each grill sold
(earning him $4.5 million a month in payouts at its peak)
so it is estimated he has made a total of over $200 million
from the endorsement, substantially more than he earned
as a boxer.[19]
2.12.5
Amateur accomplishments
References
[1] “George Foreman bio”.
[2] “ibroresearch.com”. ibroresearch.com. Retrieved 201111-12.
[3] “About.com: Boxing”.
[4] “About.com: Boxing”.
[5] “George Foreman Leaves HBO Sports After Twelve
Great Years”. PR Newswire. December 4, 2003. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
[6] “History of the George Foreman Grill”. georgeforemancooking.com. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
Source:[20]
• Won his first amateur fight on January 26, 1967 by
a first-round knockout in the Parks Diamond Belt
Tournament.
• Won the San Francisco Examiner’s Golden Gloves
Tournament in the Junior Division in February
1967.
• February 1967: Knocked out Thomas Cook to win
the Las Vegas Golden Gloves in the Senior Division.
• February 1968: Knocked out L.C. Brown to win the
San Francisco Examiner’s Senior Title in San Francisco.
• March 1968: Won the National AAU Heavyweight
title in Toledo, Ohio vs. Henry Crump of Philadelphia, PA in the final.
• July 1968: Sparred five rounds on two different occasions with former World Heavyweight Champion
Sonny Liston.
• September 21, 1968: Won his second decision over
Otis Evans to make the U.S. boxing team for the
Mexico City Olympic Games.
• Foreman had a 16–4 amateur boxing record going
into the Olympics. He knocked out Russia’s Ionas
Chepulis to win the Olympic Games Heavyweight
Gold Medal. He was trained for the Olympic Games
by Robert (Pappy) Gault.
• Amateur Record: 22–4[21]
2.12.6
2.12.7
See also
• Notable boxing families
• George Foreman Grill
[7] Coster, Helen (January 30, 2010). “Millionaire High
School Dropouts Page 2 of 2”. Forbes.
[8] “George Foreman’s Guide to Life: How to Get Up off the
Canvas When Life Knocks You Down”, 2002
[9] “Why I Don't Believe Those Who Say They Picked Foreman Over Frazier”. Eastsideboxing.com. 1973-01-21.
Retrieved 2012-09-29.
[10] http://www.yuddy.com/celebrity/george-foreman/bio
[11] “Video”. CNN. December 15, 1975.
[12] “Foreman claims he was drugged before loss to Ali – boxing – ESPN”. Sports.espn.go.com. 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
[13] “Tuesday Night Fight Talk: Did Ali duck Foreman rematch?". Eastsideboxing.com. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
[14] “The Church of the Lord Jesus Christ”.
[15] “George Foreman Youth Center, Houston”.
[16] Coxscorner
[17] No “Round Of The Year” award 1991 “The Ring”
[18] “After controversial loss to Shannon Briggs, George Foreman says he'll retire from boxing”. Jet. 1997.
[19] “George Foreman Grill.”. Business Week. Retrieved
2011-11-03.
[20] “George Foreman Amateur Boxing Record”. BoxingScoop.com. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
[21] “Amateur Accomplishments.”. BoxRec.com. Retrieved
2011-04-20.
[22] “George Foreman – Boxer”. BoxRec.com. Retrieved
2012-09-29.
2.14. LARRY HOLMES
2.12.9
27
External links
Cooper’s career went downhill from this point, being outpointed by veteran Mike Weaver for an obscure title in
China then losing to prospects like Corrie Sanders, Chris
Byrd, Fres Oquendo, and Joe Mesi. On June 18, 2010,
• Professional boxing record for George Foreman
Cooper, aged 44, made a successful comeback after eight
from BoxRec
years out of the ring, a sixth round knockout of Corey
Winfield in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
• George Foreman – IBHOF Biography
• George Foreman’s Amateur Boxing Record
• George Foreman at the Internet Movie Database
• George Foreman at TV.com
2.13 Bert Cooper
2.13.2 Personal
His hometown is Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, USA. He is
5'11” (180 cm) tall.
For other people named Bert Cooper, see Bert Cooper 2.13.4
(disambiguation).
Titles
|
Bertram Cooper (born January 10, 1966), nicknamed
Smokin' Bert Cooper, is a heavyweight boxer, most famous for his punching power and several wild brawls in 2.13.5 External links
the 1990s.
• Professional boxing record for Bert Cooper from
BoxRec
2.13.1
Pro career
Cooper came out of Philadelphia and was trained in
his early years by ex-champ Joe Frazier, and rose in
the rankings with a series of explosive knockouts in the
Cruiserweight division. Unable to get a world title shot
despite winning the NABF belt and defeating Olympic
gold medallist Henry Tillman and future world champion
Tyrone Booze, he began boxing in the heavyweight division, knocking out Willie DeWitt in 2 rounds but being stopped in 8 rounds by number 1 ranked heavyweight
contender Carl “The Truth” Williams and in 2 rounds by
George Foreman.
In 1990, having failed to secure a cruiserweight world title
fight, Cooper moved to heavyweight permanently, knocking out top 5-ranked Orlin Norris and claiming his NABF
title. He lost the title in his first defence, outpointed over
12 by undefeated Olympic gold medallist Ray Mercer in
an explosive brawl. Later the same year he was KO'd in 2
rounds by fast-rising Riddick Bowe and his career looked
over. However Cooper bounced back in 1991, stopping
Joe Hipp in 5 rounds then being matched on short notice
with Evander Holyfield for the undisputed heavyweight
championship after two opponents dropped out. Cooper
came off the floor in the first round to stun Holyfield in
the 3rd round, the two exchanging big blows before the
referee Mills Lane stopped the fight in the 7th.
The fight made Cooper a big name and he would be
matched in many high-profile fights over the years. In
June 1992 he boxed undefeated Michael Moorer for the
vacant WBO title, knocking Moorer down twice but also
going down twice himself before being stopped in the 5th.
2.14 Larry Holmes
For the politician and activist, see Larry Holmes (activist).
Larry Holmes (born November 3, 1949) is a former professional boxer. He grew up in Easton, Pennsylvania,
which gave birth to his boxing nickname, The Easton
Assassin.
Holmes, whose left jab is rated among the best in boxing history,[1] was the WBC Heavyweight Champion
from 1978 to 1983, The Ring Heavyweight Champion
from 1980 to 1985, and the IBF Heavyweight Champion from 1983 to 1985. He made 20 successful title
defenses,[2][3][4] placing him third all time, behind only
Joe Louis' twenty-five and Wladimir Klitschko's twentytwo.
Holmes won his first forty-eight professional bouts, including victories over Earnie Shavers, Ken Norton,
Muhammad Ali, Mike Weaver, Gerry Cooney, Tim
Witherspoon and Marvis Frazier, and fell one short of
matching Rocky Marciano's career record of 49-0 when
he lost to Michael Spinks in 1985. Holmes retired after losing a rematch to Spinks, but made repeated comebacks, and was unsuccessful in three (Tyson, Holyfield
and McCall) further attempts to regain the title, the last
in 1995. He had his last fight in 2002 and ended with a
career record of 69-6.[5] He is frequently ranked as one
of the greatest heavyweights of all time[6] and has been
28
inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the fight scored dead even at seven rounds each. Holmes
the World Boxing Hall of Fame.
rallied late in the fifteenth to win the round on two scorecards and take the title by a split decision. [9]
2.14.1
Early life
Holmes was the fourth of twelve children born to John
and Flossie Holmes. When the family moved to Easton
in 1954, Holmes’ father went to Connecticut, where he
worked as a gardener until his death in 1970. He visited
his family every three weeks. “He didn't forsake us,” said
Flossie Holmes. “He just didn't have anything to give.”
The family survived on welfare.
To help support his family, Holmes dropped out of school
when he was in the seventh grade and went to work at a
car wash for $1 an hour. He later drove a dump truck and
worked in a quarry.[7]
In his first two title defenses, Holmes easily knocked out
Alfredo Evangelista and Ossie Ocasio. His third title defense was a tough one. On June 22, 1979, Holmes faced
future WBA Heavyweight Champion Mike Weaver, who
was lightly regarded going into the fight sporting an uninspiring 19-8 record. After ten tough rounds, Holmes
dropped Weaver with a right uppercut late in round
eleven. In the twelfth, Holmes immediately went on
the attack, backing Weaver into the ropes and pounding him with powerful rights until the referee stepped in
and stopped it. “This man knocked the devil out of me,”
Holmes said. “This man might not have had credit before
tonight, but you'll give it to him now.”[10]
Three months later, on September 28, 1979, Holmes had
a rematch with Shavers, who got a title shot by knocking out Ken Norton in one round. Holmes dominated the
2.14.2 Amateur boxing career
first six rounds, but in the seventh, Shavers sent Holmes
down with a devastating overhand right. Holmes got up,
When Holmes was nineteen, he started boxing. In his
survived the round, and went on to stop Shavers in the
twenty-second bout, he boxed Duane Bobick in the 1972
eleventh.[11]
Olympic Trials. Holmes was dropped in the first round
with a right to the head. He got up and danced out of His next three defenses were knockouts of Lorenzo
range, landing several stiff jabs in the process. Bobick Zanon, Leroy Jones, and Scott LeDoux.
mauled Holmes in the second round but couldn't corner On October 2, 1980, at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas,
him. The referee warned Holmes twice in the second for Holmes defended his title against Ali, who was comholding. In the third, Bobick landed several good rights ing out of retirement in an attempt to become the first
and started to corner Holmes, who continued to hold. four-time World Heavyweight Champion. Holmes domEventually, Holmes was disqualified for excessive hold- inated Ali from start to finish, winning every round on
ing. [8]
every scorecard. At the end of the tenth round, Ali’s
2.14.3
Early boxing career
After compiling an amateur record of 19-3, Holmes
turned professional on March 21, 1973, winning a fourround decision against Rodell Dupree. Early in his career,
he worked as a sparring partner for Muhammad Ali, Joe
Frazier, Earnie Shavers, and Jimmy Young. He was paid
well and learned a lot. “I was young, and I didn't know
much. But I was holding my own sparring those guys,”
Holmes said. “I thought, 'hey, these guys are the best, the
champs. If I can hold my own now, what about later?'"
trainer, Angelo Dundee, stopped the fight. It would be
Ali’s only loss without “going the distance” for a judges’
decision.[12] After the win, Holmes received recognition
as World Heavyweight Champion by The Ring magazine.
Ali blamed his poor performance on thyroid medication that he had been taking, claiming that it helped him
lose weight (he weighed 217½, his lowest weight since
he fought George Foreman in 1974), but it also left him
drained for the fight.[13]
Holmes seemed to show signs of regret, or at least sadness, in punishing Ali so much during the fight. He appeared in a post fight interview with tears in his eyes as he
Holmes first gained credibility as a contender when he was asked why he was crying, replying that he respected
upset the hard-punching Earnie Shavers in March 1978. Ali “a whole lot” and “he fought one of the baddest heavyHolmes won by a lopsided twelve-round unanimous deci- weights in the world today, and you cannot take credit
[14]
sion, winning every round on two scorecards and all but from him”.
one on the third. Holmes’s victory over Shavers set up a After eight consecutive knockouts, Holmes was forced
title shot between Holmes and WBC Heavyweight Cham- to go the distance when he successfully defended his tipion Ken Norton in Las Vegas, Nevada on June 9, 1978. tle against future WBC Heavyweight Champion Trevor
Berbick on April 11, 1981. In his next fight, two months
later, Holmes knocked out former Undisputed World
2.14.4 WBC Heavyweight Champion
Heavyweight Champion Leon Spinks in three rounds. On
November 6, 1981, Holmes rose from a seventh-round
The fight between Holmes and Norton was a tough, com- knockdown (during which he staggered into the turnpetitive fight. After fourteen rounds, all three judges had
2.14. LARRY HOLMES
29
buckle) to stop Renaldo Snipes in the eleventh.
On September 10, 1983, Holmes successfully defended
the WBC title for the sixteenth time, knocking out Scott
Frank in five rounds. Holmes then signed to fight Marvis
Holmes vs. Cooney
Frazier, son of Joe Frazier, on November 25, 1983. The
WBC refused to sanction the fight against the unranked
Frazier. They ordered Holmes to fight Greg Page, the
Main article: Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney
#1 contender, or be stripped of the title. Promoter Don
King offered Holmes $2.55 million to fight Page, but the
On June 11, 1982, Holmes defended his title against
champion didn't think that was enough. He was making
Gerry Cooney, the undefeated #1 contender and an Irish$3.1 million to fight Frazier and felt he should get as much
American. The lead up to the fight had many racial
as $5 million to fight Page.[19]
overtones. Holmes said that if Cooney wasn't white, he
wouldn't be getting the same purse as the champion (Both Holmes had an easy time with Frazier, knocking him out
boxers received $10 million for the bout).[15] Although in the first round.[20] The following month, Holmes reCooney tried to deflect questions about race, members of linquished the WBC championship and accepted recoghis camp wore shirts that said “Not the White Man, but nition as World Heavyweight Champion by the newly
formed International Boxing Federation.[21]
the Right Man.”[15]
Many felt Holmes was unfairly slighted leading up to the
fight. In their fight previews, Sports Illustrated and Time
put Cooney on the cover, not Holmes. President Ronald
Reagan had a phone installed in Cooney’s dressing room
so he could call him if he won the fight. Holmes had
no such arrangement. Lastly, boxing tradition dictates
that the champion is introduced last, but the challenger,
Cooney, was introduced last.[15]
The bout was held in a 32,000 seat stadium erected in a
Caesar’s Palace Parking lot, with millions more watching
around the world. After an uneventful first round, Holmes
dropped Cooney with a right in the second. Cooney came
back well in the next two rounds, jarring Holmes with his
powerful left hook. Holmes later said that Cooney “hit
me so damned hard, I felt it - boom - in my bones.|[16]
2.14.5 IBF Heavyweight Champion
Holmes signed to fight Gerrie Coetzee, the WBA Champion, on June 15, 1984 at Caesar’s Palace. The fight
was being promoted by JPD Inc., but it was canceled
when Caesar’s Palace said the promoters failed to meet
the financial conditions of the contract. Holmes was
promised $13 million and Coetzee was promised $8 million. Even after cutting the purses dramatically, they
still couldn't come up with enough financial backing to
stage the fight.[22] Don King then planned to promote the
fight, but Holmes lost a lawsuit filed by Virginia attorney Richard Hirschfeld, who said he had a contract with
Holmes that gave him right of first refusal on a HolmesCoetzee bout. Holmes then decided to move on and fight
someone else.[23]
Cooney was tiring by the ninth, a round in which he had
two points deducted for low blows. In the tenth, they
traded punches relentlessly. At the end of the round, the
On November 9, 1984, after a year out of the ring,
two nodded to each other in respect.[16]
Holmes made his first defense of the IBF title, stopping
Cooney lost another point because of low blows in the James “Bonecrusher” Smith on a cut in the twelfth round.
eleventh. By then, Holmes was landing with ease. In the In the first half of 1985, Holmes stopped David Bey in
thirteenth, a barrage of punches sent Cooney down. He ten rounds for his 19th title defense. His next against
got up, but his trainer, Victor Valle, stepped into the ring Carl “The Truth” Williams was unexpectedly tough. The
and stopped the fight.[16]
younger, quicker Williams was able to out-jab the aging
After the fight, Holmes and Cooney became close champion, who was left with a badly swollen eye by the
end of the bout. Holmes emerged with a close, and disfriends.[16][17]
puted, fifteen-round unanimous decision.
Trouble with the WBC
Holmes’ next two fights were one-sided decision wins over
Randall “Tex” Cobb and Lucien Rodriguez. On May
23, 1983, Holmes defended his title against Tim Witherspoon, the future WBC and WBA Heavyweight Champion. Witherspoon, a six to one underdog and with only
15 professional bouts to his name, surprised many by giving Holmes a difficult fight. After twelve rounds, Holmes
retained the title by a disputed split decision.[18] Boxing
Monthly named it one of the ten most controversial decisions of all time.
On September 21, 1985, Holmes lost the IBF title by
a close fifteen-round unanimous decision to Michael
Spinks, who became the first reigning World Light
Heavyweight Champion to win the World Heavyweight
Championship. If Holmes had been victorious against
Spinks, he would have tied Rocky Marciano's career
record of 49-0.[24] After the fight, a bitter Holmes said,
“Rocky Marciano couldn't carry my jockstrap.” Holmes
had a rematch with Spinks on April 19, 1986. Spinks
retained the title with a disputed fifteen-round split decision. The judges scored the fight: Judge Joe Cortez 144141 (Holmes), Judge Frank Brunette 141-144 (Spinks)
and Judge Jerry Roth 142-144 (Spinks.)[25] In a post-
30
fight interview with HBO, Holmes said, “the judges, the
referees and promoters can kiss me where the sun don't
shine - and because we're on HBO, that’s my big black
behind.”[26]
On November 6, 1986, three days after his 37th birthday,
Holmes announced his retirement.[27]
2.14.6
Comebacks
Main articles: Mike Tyson vs. Larry Holmes, Ray
Mercer vs. Larry Holmes and Evander Holyfield vs.
Larry Holmes
On January 22, 1988, Holmes was lured out of retirement by a $2.8 million purse to challenge reigning Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson. Tyson
dropped Holmes in the fourth round with an overhand
right. Holmes got up, but Tyson put him down two more
times in the round, and the fight was stopped. It was the
only time Holmes would be knocked out in his lengthy
career. After the fight, Holmes once again retired.[28]
Holmes returned to the ring in 1991. After five
straight wins, he fought Ray Mercer, the undefeated 1988
Olympic Gold Medalist, on February 7, 1992. Holmes
pulled off the upset and won by a twelve-round unanimous decision.[29] The win got Holmes a shot at Evander
Holyfield for the Undisputed World Heavyweight Championship. On June 19, 1992, Holyfield defeated Holmes
by a twelve-round unanimous decision.[30]
Holmes won seven consecutive fights and then got another
title shot. On April 8, 1995, he fought Oliver McCall
for the WBC title. Holmes lost by a close twelve-round
unanimous decision. Two of the judges had him losing
by only one point, while the other judge had him losing
by three points.[31]
Holmes in Beaufort, South Carolina in 2010.
2.14.7 Honors
Holmes was inducted into the International Boxing Hall
of Fame in 2008.[37]
2.14.8 Life after boxing
Holmes invested the money he earned from boxing and
settled in his hometown of Easton. When he retired from
boxing, Holmes employed more than 200 people through
On January 24, 1997, Holmes went to Denmark to fight his various business holdings. In 2008, he owned two
Brian Nielsen, who was 31-0. Nielsen won by a twelve- restaurants and a nightclub, a training facility, an office
round split decision to retain the International Boxing Or- complex, a snack food bar and slot machines.[38] Holmes
currently co-hosts a talk show What The Heck Were They
ganization title.[32]
Thinking? [39]
Holmes and George Foreman signed to fight on January
23, 1999 at the Houston Astrodome. Foreman called off In 2014, Holmes sold his business complex in Easton to
the fight several weeks before it was to take place because business entrepreneur Gerald Gorman.[40]
the promoter failed to meet the deadline for paying him
the remaining $9 million of his $10 million purse. Foreman received a nonrefundable $1 million deposit, and 2.14.9 Professional boxing record
Holmes got to keep a $400,000 down payment of his $4
2.14.10 See also
million purse.[33]
Holmes’ next two fights were rematches with old foes. On
June 18, 1999, he stopped “Bonecrusher” Smith in eight
rounds,[34] and on November 17, 2000, he stopped Mike
Weaver in six.[35]
Holmes’ final fight was on July 27, 2002 in Norfolk, Vir- 2.14.11 References
ginia. He defeated Eric “Butterbean” Esch by a ten-round
unanimous decision.[36]
[1] “10 things to still appreciate about Larry Holmes - boxing
2.14. LARRY HOLMES
31
- ESPN”. ESPN.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[2] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Larry_Holmes
[3] https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&
dat=19830816&id=8KMyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=
Bu8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1379,2360852&hl=en
[4] https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=799&
dat=19631212&id=GbhTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=
5ocDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4423,7166456&hl=en
[5] “Larry Holmes - Boxer”.
February 2015.
boxrec.com.
Retrieved 26
[6] “Boxing: Historians Rankings of The Great Heavyweights”. tripod.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[7] “Bleacher Report”. Bleacher Report. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[8] “The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search”.
google.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[10] “The Spokesman-Review - Google News Archive
Search”. google.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[11] “The Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search”.
[13] “The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search”.
[14] Video on YouTube
[25] “Holmes vs Spinks 2nd Fight Scorecards.”. boxrec.com.
[27] “SPORTS PEOPLE - Holmes Retires - NYTimes.com”.
nytimes.com. 7 November 1986. Retrieved 26 February
2015.
[28] “Herald-Journal - Google News Archive Search”.
[29] “The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search”.
[30] “The Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search”.
[31] “The Daily Gazette - Google News Archive Search”.
[32] “Gadsden Times - Google News Archive Search”.
[33] “The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search”.
[34] “Manila Standard - Google News Archive Search”.
[35] “Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Google News Archive
Search”. google.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[36] “Lakeland Ledger - Google News Archive Search”.
[37] “Larry Holmes”. ibhof.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[15] Dahlberg, Time (June 30, 2007). “Holmes and Cooney
recall divisive fight”. USA Today.
[38] Hart, Colin (May 15, 2008). “Holmes Sweet Holmes”.
The Sun (London). Retrieved June 10, 2011.
[16] Tallent, Aaron (June 9, 2006 (Archived copy of original article)). “Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney”.
TheSweetScience.com. Check date values in: |date= (help)
[39] Satterfield, Lem (October 28, 2009). “Larry Holmes:
ESPN Documentary 'Didn't Do Me Justice'". aolnews.com. AOLNews. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
[17] Boxing 101, “Larry Holmes and Gerry Cooney: Foes for
a Night, Friends for a Lifetime”, June 11, 2012
[40] Deegan, Jim (December 19, 2014). “Larry Holmes sells
Easton building for $1.7 million, paves way for Internetbusiness incubator”. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
[19] “Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search”.
[20] “Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search”.
[21] “The Rock Hill Herald December 12, 1983
[22] “Times Daily - Google News Archive Search”.
[41] “Larry Holmes - Boxer”.
February 2015.
boxrec.com.
Retrieved 26
• Larry Holmes Official Web Site
• Larry Holmes fight-by-fight career record at
About.com
[23] “Eugene Register-Guard - Google News Archive Search”.
• Professional boxing record for Larry Holmes from
BoxRec
• Bio - file profile QA with Larry Holmes at Boxinginsider.com
32
2.15 Riddick Bowe
Riddick Lamont Bowe (born August 10, 1967)[1] is an
American boxer. He is a former two-time world heavyweight champion, having first won the WBA, WBC and
IBF titles in 1992, thus becoming undisputed heavyweight champion. Bowe’s second reign as heavyweight
champion was in 1995, when he won the WBO title. He
retired in 1996, but made a return to the ring in 2004.
He has been inactive since 2008, when he won his last
pro bout in Germany.
Bowe became the first fighter to knock down and defeat Evander Holyfield when he defeated Holyfield for
the world heavyweight title in 1992 by unanimous decision for the undisputed world heavyweight title. Holyfield
won the rematch by decison when he regained the title
from Bowe in 1993. Bowe later became the first fighter
to stop Holyfield by TKO, when he won their third match
in 1995. Bowe’s professional boxing record stands at 43–
1 with one no-contest, and 33 stoppages. Bowe ranked as
the 21st greatest heavyweight of all time in a 2010 article
by BoxingScene,[2] was inducted into the 2015 class for
the International Boxing Hall of Fame.[3]
2.15.1
• 1988 Super Heavyweight Silver Medalist, boxing at
the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, the 1988 Seoul
Olympic Games. Results were:
• Defeated Biko Botowamungu (Zaire, Congo)
KO 2
• Defeated Peter Hrivnak (Czechoslovakia)
TKO 1
• Defeated Alex
Union) on points
Miroshnichenko
(Soviet
• Lost to Lennox Lewis (Canada) TKO by 2
2.15.3 =New York Golden Gloves Championships
Bowe won four New York Golden Gloves Championships. Bowe won the 1985 178 lb Novice Championship, 1986 178 lb Open Championship and the
1987 and 1988 Super Heavyweight Open Championship.
Bowe trained at the Bed-Stuy BA.
Early years
Bowe was born on August 10, 1967, the twelfth of his
mother Dorothy Bowe’s thirteen children.[4] Bowe was
born and raised in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn.
His brother Henry died of AIDS,[5] and his sister Brenda
was stabbed to death by a drug addict during an attempted
robbery.[6]
2.15.2
• 1987 Heavyweight Bronze Medalist at PanAmerican Games in Indianapolis. Lost to Jorge
Luis Gonzalez on points
Amateur boxing career
Bowe turned professional after his Olympic loss. Highly
regarded trainer Eddie Futch took on the job of developing Bowe as he saw the talent. Eddie would say that Bowe
had more potential than any boxer he had ever trained.
Bow turned professional in March 1989, and knocked out
Lionel Butler. His then manager, Rock Newman kept
Bowe active, fighting 13 times in 1989, beating journeymen, the most notable being Garing Lane whom he beat
twice. In September 1990, Bowe made his first step up in
class, fighting faded ex-champion Pinklon Thomas, who
he dominated until Thomas gave up after eight rounds.
The following month, Bowe knocked out Bert Cooper in
two rounds, which added to his reputation and high ranking.
As an amateur, Bowe won the prestigious New York
Golden Gloves Championship and other tournaments. In
1984, age 17, he knocked out opponent James Smith in
just 4 seconds. In 1985, at the National Golden Gloves
championships, he lost to Fort Worth Heavyweight Donald Stephens. Bowe won the silver medal in the 1988
Seoul Olympics, where he was stopped in two rounds by In March 1991, Bowed knocked k1984 Olympic Super
future world heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis.
Heavyweight Gold medalist Tyrell Biggs. In Bowe’s next
fight, ex-champion Tony Tubbs appeared to outbox and
outsmart Bowe in a close bout, only to have the judges
Amateur highlights
award Bowe a unanimous decision. In August 1991,
Bowe knocked out future world heavyweight champion
Amateur Record: 104-18
Bruce Seldon in one round. In July 1992 knocked out
South African Pierre Coetzer in the seventh round of a
• 1983 at United States Junior Championships, as a world title eliminator.
middleweight, lost to Adolpho Washington by second round TKO
Fights against Elijah Tillery
• 1985 Junior World Champion as a light heavyweight, in competition in Bucharest. Defeated Péter Bowe fought two interesting bouts against Elijah Tillery
Hart of Hungary in final.
in Atlantic City in 1991. Their first fight at Harrah’s
2.15. RIDDICK BOWE
33
Casino was known as the the 'crazy fight' for its bizarre
conclusion. Bowe dominated the first round and dropped
Tillery. After the round ended, Tillery walked toward
Bowe and taunted him, and Bowe responded by punching Tillery. Tillery then threw several low kicks at Bowe,
who then unleashed a flurry of punches on Tillery as he
lay on the ropes. Bowe’s trainer Rock Newman grabbed
Tillery from behind on the ring apron and pulled him over
the ropes as Bowe continued to throw punches. Tillery
somersaulted over the ropes, and was quickly detained
by security.[7] After order was restored and the fighters
returned to the ring, Tillery and Bowe continued a war
of words, and minor incidents continued until the ring
was cleared. Tillery was controversially disqualified for
kicking Bowe, with Bowe getting the win, much to the
surprise of the television announcers. The referee, Karl
Milligan, had stepped between the two fighters to separate them and stepped forward as he did so, inadvertently
missing the action behind him after the bell between the
combatants. The fighters fought a rematch two months
later at Convention Hall in Atlantic City, with Bowe dominating and stopping Tillery in four rounds.
Bowe’s first defense of his remaining titles came on
February 6, 1993, when he fought 34-year-old former
champion Michael Dokes at Madison Square Garden and
knocked him out in the first round. In Bowe’s next fight,
May 22, 1993 at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C.,
Bowe knocked out Jesse Ferguson in the second round
to retain the title. This set up a rematch with Evander
Holyfield.
World heavyweight champion
After title loss
In the rematch with Holyfield, Bowe looked overweight.
He had entered training camp at a 266 lbs and weighed
in at 246 lbs, eleven pounds heavier than in the first fight
with Holyfield.[10]
Bowe and Holyfield exchanged hard punches. Bowe
ended up losing the belts to Holyfield by a majority decision. This fight was also known for a bizarre stunt in
which parachutist James “Fan Man” Miller dropped into
the open air arena, landing in the ropes by Bowe’s corner.
This surreal scene delayed the fight in the seventh round
by nearly a half hour. Bowe stated afterwards he thought
the bout should have declared a 'technical draw' or a 'no
contest' owing to the unfair delay.
Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Riddick Bowe, Main article: Riddick Bowe vs. Larry Donald
Riddick Bowe vs. Michael Dokes, Riddick Bowe vs.
Jesse Ferguson and Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield In August 1994, Bow fought two comeback fights. He
II
faced the much smaller Buster Mathis Jr and, after struggling to connect with his bobbing and weaving target, hit
In November 1992 he fought reigning champ Evander him Mathis while he was down with what ruled an acHolyfield for the undisputed heavyweight title. With his cidental blow,, and the bout was ruled a 'No Contest' by
heart and dedication still in question, Bowe won a unan- referee Arthur Mercante, Sr. In December 1994, Bowe
imous decision in an entertaining fight, flooring Holy- punched Larry Donald at a prefight press conference,
field in the 11th round. However, it was the tenth round later beating him by 12 round unanimous decision for the
most boxing fans will remember. The epic brutal back WBC Continental Americas Heavyweight title, giving the
and forth exchanges helped make it Ring Magazine’s 16-0 heavyweight contender Donald his first loss.
"Round of the Year.” Commentator Al Bernstein exclaimed, ""That was one of the greatest rounds in heavyWBO title and Holyfield rubber match
weight history. Period!"
A couple of weeks earlier in London, Bowe’s old Olympic
rival, Lennox Lewis, knocked out Canadian Donovan
“Razor” Ruddock in two rounds, establishing himself as
the World Boxing Council’s number one contender. The
Bowe-Holyfield and Lewis-Ruddock fights were part of a
mini-tournament, whereby all four fighters agreed the two
winners would meet each other for the undisputed world
heavyweight championship. Bowe’s manager Rock Newman made a proposal: the $32 million purse HBO was
offering should be split 90-10 in Bowe’s favor, an 'absurd'
offer which Lennox Lewis rejected.[8] Lewis’s manager,
Frank Maloney, rejected another offer of two million for
Lewis to fight on a Bowe undercard, citing his distrust of
the Bowe camp after the aforementioned financial negotiations. Bowe responded by holding a press conference
in which he dumped the WBC world heavyweight championship belt into a trash can rather than fighting Lewis.[9]
Main articles: Herbie Hide vs. Riddick Bowe, Riddick
Bowe vs. Jorge Luis González and Riddick Bowe vs.
Evander Holyfield III
In March 1995, Bowe won the WBO version of the world
heavyweight championship by knocking down England’s
Herbie Hide six times en route to scoring a sixth round
knockout.
In June 1995, after a heated build up, Bowe defended
the WBO heavyweight title against his arch rival in the
amateurs, Jorge Luis González, At the MGM Grand in
Las Vegas. The prefight hype contained bizarre trash
talk, which included Gonzalez declaring a desire to eat
Bowe’s heart and likening himself to a lion which making Bowe out to be a hyena.Bowe won by sixth round
knockout over Gonzalez. He vacated the WBO champi-
34
onship soon after. After the Gonzales fight, Bowe fought
a rubbermatch with Evander Holyfield, their third and final meeting. Holyfield knocked Bowe down during the
fight, but Bowe maintained his composure, and persevered to score an eighth round stoppage victory.
Bowe vs. Golota I and II
Main articles: Riddick Bowe vs. Andrew Golota and
Riddick Bowe vs. Andrew Golota II
2.15.6 Legal troubles
Bowe was convicted of the February 1998 kidnapping of
his estranged wife Judy,and their five children.[15] Thinking it would reconcile his marriage, Bowe went to his
wife’s Cornelius, North Carolina home and threatened
her with a knife, handcuffs, duct tape and pepper spray.
He forced her and their children into a vehicle and set
out for his Fort Washington, Maryland home. During
the kidnapping, Bowe stabbed his wife in the chest.[15]
Police captured Bowe in South Hill, Virginia, freeing
his family.[15] Bowe agreed to a plea bargain of guilty
to 'interstate domestic violence', and was sentenced to
18 to 24 months in prison.[15] Despite the agreed sentence, on February 29, 2000, the judge sentenced Bowe
to only 30 days, due to a claim of brain damage by Bowe’s
defense.[16][17] This sentence, counter to the plea agreement, was later overturned. Bowe served 17 months in
Federal prison.[18] On February 8, 2001, Bowe was arrested in Long Island after a domestic dispute with his
new wife.[15] Bowe allegedly dragged his wife and left her
with cuts on her knees and elbows.[17]
After defeating Holyfield in the third bout of their trilogy, Bowe was matched against undefeated heavyweight
contender Andrew Golota at the Madison Square Garden
in an HBO Boxing event. Bowe’s weight problem again
resurfaced, as the favorite entered the ring at a career high
of 252 lbs.[11] Though ahead on points, Golota was penalized several times for low blows, and was finally disqualified in the seventh round after a volley of punches
to Bowe’s testicles. Seconds after Golota was disqualified, Bowe’s entourage rushed the ring, attacked Golota
with a two way radio (Golota traded punches with one
of them, requiring 11 stitches to close the wound caused
by the radio) and assaulted Golota’s 74-year-old trainer 2.15.7
Lou Duva, who collapsed in the ring and was taken out
of The Garden on a stretcher). The entourage began rioting, fighting with spectators, staff and policemen alike,
resulting in a number of injuries before they were forced
out of the arena in what evolved into a lengthy televised
ring spectacle.
Return to boxing
The fight made many sports shows, including
SportsCenter, and there was a good amount of public interest in a rematch. The rematch was on Pay
Per View. Golota, after dropping Bowe in the second
round, and being dropped himself later, was leading
on the scorecards, only to be disqualified in the ninth
round, once again for repeated shots to the testicles.[12]
Despite not having another riot, this fight also proved to
be controversial, with an unsuccessful protest filed by Riddick Bowe in Kaiserslautern, Germany
Golota’s camp to try to overturn the fight’s result.
On September 25, 2004, after seven and a half years away
This fight was featured on HBO's documentary Legfrom boxing, Bowe returned with a second round knockendary Nights: The Tale of Bowe-Golota.
out over Marcus Rhode. In a second comeback fight, in
April 2005, an overweight Bowe narrowly defeated journeyman Billy Zumbrun by ten round split decision.
2.15.5 Joining the Marine Corps
After the Golota fights, Bowe retired from boxing and
decided to join the United States Marine Corps Reserve.
He said he made the decision both to make his mother
proud and to rededicate himself to training, with the intention of returning to boxing shortly after.[13] On his first
day of recruit training, however, Bowe discussed leaving
the Corps with Marine commanders, and quit after 3 days
of training with his platoon at the recruit depot at Parris
Island, South Carolina. The Marine Corps has been criticized for compromising their traditional recruiting measures and accommodating Bowe’s request.[14]
Bowe declared bankruptcy in 2005.[19] On December 13,
2008, with the help of new manager Bob Bain, Bowe, 41,
returned to the ring for the first time in over three and a
half years on the undercard of the Wladimir Klitschko
versus Hasim Rahman world heavyweight title bout in
Mannheim, Germany and won an eight round unanimous
decision over Gene Pukall.
His current boxing record stands at 43-1 with 33 knockouts.
In March 2013, Bowe announced his Muay Thai début,
having trained under Kru Airr Phanthip and Kru Chan in
2.15. RIDDICK BOWE
Las Vegas.[20] He faced Levgen Golovin for the WPMF
Super Heavyweight World Title in Pattaya, Thailand. On
June 14, 2013, Bowe was knocked down five times from
kicks to his leg. The championship match was called to a
stop halfway through the second round.[21][22]
2.15.8
2.15.9
Kickboxing record
2.15.10
Professional wrestling
In 2013, Riddick Bowe announced his intentions to start
training to be a professional wrestler. He was to make his
debut for the UK-based Preston City Wrestling organisation on March 1, 2014.[24] On December 14, 2013, Preston City Wrestling announced on their Facebook Page
that Bowe would no longer be appearing due to a disagreement with Bowe`s new agent.
2.15.11
Career timeline
• 1988: Lost to Lennox Lewis for the Olympic gold
medal in Seoul, South Korea.
• March 7, 1989: Debuted as a professional, beating
Lionel Butler
• July 8, 1990: Beat Art Card in first nationally
televised bout
• October 21, 1991: Declared winner by disqualification over Elijah Tillery who began kicking Bowe
until he was grabbed around the neck and thrown
outside the ring by Bowe’s manager, Rock Newman.
A melee ensued. It would not be the last time things
went chaotic before or during a Bowe fight.
• November 13, 1992: Won the world heavyweight
championship, beating Evander Holyfield. Bowe
and Holyfield slugged it out for 12 rounds, with
Bowe having a slight edge. A knockdown in the 11th
round sealed Holyfield’s fate, and Bowe would win
by unanimous decision.
• Early 1993: He and his manager Rock Newman visited Pope John Paul II in the Vatican City, offering
him the autographed gloves that Bowe used to beat
Holyfield. The Pope accepted the gift.
35
• August 13, 1994: His fight with Buster Mathis Jr.
declared a no contest after Bowe hit his opponent
while Mathis Jr. lay on the canvas.
• December, 1994: In the final pre-fight conference
before their fight, he threw a one-two combo at Larry
Donald. He beat Donald by decision in 12.
• March 11, 1995: He won the lightly regarded
WBO world heavyweight championship, knocking
out Herbie Hide in six rounds.
• Summer of 1995: He and Jorge Luis Gonzalez engaged in a series of violent press conferences across
the United States before their fight. Their last prefight conference was held behind protective glasses.
Bowe won by knockout in six.
• November 4, 1995: He and Holyfield, fought the
last fight of their classic trilogy. Bowe seemed to
dominate the early rounds, and the ailing Holyfield
was struggling in the fight, a fight that commentator George Foreman was notably concerned about,
repeatedly saying the fight should be stopped. Holyfield however had a spurt of energy early in the sixth
round, and knocked Bowe down. Bowe recovered
from the knockdown and went on to win by knockout in round eight.
• July 11, 1996: He defeated Andrew Golota by disqualification in round seven after being repeatedly
punched in the testicles. The ensuing riot became
breaking news across the United States, and an infamous night in the history of boxing. Golota was hit
in the head by a member of Bowe’s entourage with
either a large mid-90s cellphone or walkie-talkie,
bloodying him.
• December 14, 1996: He defeated Golota in their rematch, again by disqualification. Golota was ahead
on all three scorecards, but at the end of the ninth
round, Golota landed three brutal shots to Bowe’s
testicles. It turned out to be Bowe’s last fight until
2004. Bowe declared there would not be a rematch.
For a long time after Golota was disqualified Bowe
lay unmoving in the ring with his eyes closed, which
prompted fears from some about his condition. His
slurred speech during the post fight interview did little to alleviate those fears.
• February 6, 1993 Bowe knocked out former WBA
heavyweight champion Michael Dokes in the first
round, in his first title defense.
• December, 1996: Bowe announced he would leave
his wife and children and large fleet of cars in Fort
Washington, MD to join the United States Marine
Corps. He dropped out of boot camp soon afterward.
• May 22, 1993 Bowe knocked out Jesse Ferguson in
the second round, in what his trainer Eddie Futch
called his greatest performance.
• 1999: He kidnapped his wife and children at her
parent’s community in North Carolina. They were
released unharmed, after an interstate drive.
• November 6, 1993: Lost the title to Holyfield, by
decision in 12.
• January, 2001: Bowe applied for a presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton stating, “I became
36
the heavyweight champion of the world from hard
work. I was able to provide certain necessities to
my large family. Many people depended on me and
still depend on me to this very day for certain necessities,” Bowe wrote. “If I am not given back my
livelihood, we might just lose everything.”
• May 18, 2004: Bowe was released from federal
prison after serving 18 months for kidnapping. He
announced his intention to return to boxing and attempt to reclaim the world heavyweight championship.
• September 25, 2004: After seven and a half years
away from boxing, Bowe returned with a second
round knockout over Marcus Rhode. In a second comeback fight in April 2005, Bowe narrowly
defeated journeyman Billy Zumbrun, in a fight in
which Bowe was badly overweight and absorbed
many heavy blows from Zumbrun.
• On October 17, 2005 he declared bankruptcy.
• On November 9, 2007, Riddick Bowe announced
that he will enter the world of Mixed Martial Arts
(MMA), fighting exclusively for the promotional
outfit Xcess Entertainment, with his first fight being December 12, 2007, against lanky Philadelphia
journeyman David R. Stec.
2.15.12
In popular culture
[7] Berger, Phil (October 30, 1991). “BOXING; Bowe Gets
the Boot, but Wins”. The New York Times. Retrieved May
22, 2010.
[8] http://www.boxinginsider.com/headlines/
memory-lane-when-bowe-ducked-lewis/
[9] http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?
columnist=rafael_dan&id=3727811
[10] “Video”. CNN. November 15, 1993. Retrieved May 22,
2010.
[11] “Video”. CNN. August 19, 1996. Retrieved May 22,
2010.
[12] http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=
2977591
[13] Sandomir, Richard (January 31, 1997). “Hut, 2, 3, 4!
Bowe Is Joining U.S. Marine Corps”. The New York
Times. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
[14] Limitations in “Realistic Recruiting” and Subsequent Socialization Efforts: The Case of Riddick Bowe and the
United States Marine Corps
[15] “Riddick Bowe Facing 2 Years in Prison”. ABC News.
2001-07-13. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
[16] “PLUS: COURT NEWS -- BOXING; Bowe Sentenced
To 30 Days”. The New York Times. 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
In 1993, a video game entitled Riddick Bowe Boxing was
released for various platforms. Also in 1993, Bowe ap- [17] “Bowe arrested for assault after domestic dispute”. CNN.
peared as himself in an episode of The Fresh Prince of
2001-02-08. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
Bel-Air, entitled "You Bet Your Life".
2.15.13
See also
[18] Eisele, Andrew. “Riddick Bowe Files for Bankruptcy”.
boxing.about.com. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
[19] Greenbelt, Maryland (October 19, 2005). “Ex-champ
Bowe seeks bankruptcy protection – Sport”. The Age
(Melbourne). Retrieved 2008-06-24.
[20] Riddick Bowe to make Muay Thai debut in May
2.15.14
References
[21] Riddick Bowe Brutalized in Muay Thai Debut
[1] Branch, John (June 13, 2009). “Fighter Remains a Champion Optimist”. The New York Times. Retrieved May 10,
2012.
[2] http://www.boxingscene.com/
-top-25-heavyweights-all-time-top-ten-$-$26161
[22] Muaythai Superfight Results: Bowe TKO'd, Marcus remains undefeated
[23] Boxing record for Riddick Bowe. BoxRec.com.
[3] http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/11978825/
[24] Making His Pro Wrestling Debut in 2014…
riddick-bowe-ray-boom-boom-mancini-highlight-international-boxing-hall-fame-selections
[4] Eleven are still living.The Family Man
[5] http://www.boxing-monthly.co.uk/content/9810/three.
htm
[6] But Seriously, Folks,...
• Professional boxing record for Riddick Bowe from
BoxRec
2.16. MICHAEL MOORER
2.16 Michael Moorer
37
fights in 1993, including a 10-round decision win over former champion James “Bonecrusher” Smith.
Not to be confused with Michael Moore.
Moorer then parted ways with the Duvas and Benton, and
hired New York-based trainer Teddy Atlas in late 1993.
Michael Lee Moorer (born November 12, 1967) is a Moorer closed the year with a 10-round decision over
retired American boxer who is one of only four men Mike Evans.
(the others being Muhammad Ali, Evander Holyfield and
Lennox Lewis) to win one or more versions of the world
heavyweight championship on three separate occasions, Heavyweight champion
as well as being a former world light-heavyweight champion; he is one of only four men (the others being Bob Main articles: Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer
Fitzsimmons, Michael Spinks and Roy Jones, Jr.) to win and Michael Moorer vs. George Foreman
world titles at both light-heavyweight and heavyweight.
He formed Moorer Sports and Entertainment Manage- On April 22, 1994, Moorer challenged Evander Holyment in 1992.
field for the Lineal, IBF, and WBA title belts. In round
2 Holyfield sent Moorer down on the canvas, but Moorer
overcame and went on to win a majority decision. As
a result he became the first-ever southpaw heavyweight
2.16.1 Biography
champion.
Moorer is a native of Monessen, Pennsylvania, which is In his first defense of those belts, on November 5, 1994,
in Southwestern Pennsylvania.
Moorer faced 45-year old George Foreman, who lost his
2.16.2
Professional career
Light-heavyweight
last fight for the vacant WBO heavyweight title to Tommy
Morrison. For nine rounds, Moorer easily outboxed him,
hitting and moving away, while Foreman moving forward,
seemingly unable to “pull the trigger” on his punches.
Moorer was ahead on all three judges’ scorecards entering the 10th round, when Foreman hit him with a number
of long-range jabs. Then, suddenly, a short right hand
caught Moorer on the tip of his chin, gashing open his
bottom lip, and he collapsed to the canvas. Moorer was
knocked out and lost the world championship. He also
lost his undefeated record. Foreman, at age 45, became
the oldest fighter ever to win the world heavyweight title.
Moorer had a fast rise through the professional boxing
ranks. He debuted on March 4, 1988, knocking out
Adrian Riggs in the first round. He spent the year taking
on a rather ambitious fight schedule, in terms of quantity
if nothing else. Before the year’s end, he was undefeated
in eleven bouts (winning all by way of early round knockouts) and fighting for the world title for the first time. He
The following year, Moorer re-grouped by winning
acquired the newly created WBO light-heavyweight title
against fringe contender Melvin Foster. Meanwhile,
with a five round knockout of Ramzi Hassan.
Foreman retained the title with a close and controversial
In 1989, he retained the title six times, beating Fred- decision against German fighter Axel Schulz.
die Delgado, Frankie Swindell, Mike Sedillo and former
Because of the controversial nature of the ForemanWBA champion Leslie Stewart, among others.
Schultz bout, the IBF ordered Foreman to travel to
In 1990, he retained the title three times before the end of Germany for a rematch, but Foreman refused, choosthe year, beating Mario Melo and former Michael Spinks ing to leave the IBF belt vacant instead. South African
challenger Jim McDonald, among others.
Francois Botha travelled to Germany instead and beat
Schultz with another close decision to claim the title, but
he was stripped of it when he tested positive for illegal
Heavyweight
substances shortly after.
1991 saw Moorer move up to the heavyweight division.
He rolled through the competition en route to securing
an opportunity to fight for the vacant WBO heavyweight
championship the following year against Bert Cooper.
Moorer stopped Cooper in the fifth round after both fighters were down and hurt during the bout.
IBF champion
Moorer was then given the opportunity to fight Schultz
for the vacant crown in Berlin. On June 22, 1996,
Moorer won the IBF heavyweight crown once again, beatHe did not defend the lesser regarded WBO heavyweight ing Schultz by a 12 round split decision.
belt. Moorer and trainer Emanuel Steward parted ways He thus technically became a three-time heavyweight
after the Cooper fight. Moorer eventually joined Lou champion; WBO (1992), WBA/IBF (1994) and IBF
Duva's team, and was trained by Georgie Benton for three (1996–1997). It should be noted that when Moorer held
38
the WBO heavyweight title, it wasn't considered an au- 2.16.6 References
thentic heavyweight title. Ironically, Moorer has always
been recognized as a former light-heavyweight champion 2.16.7 External links
despite only ever holding the WBO title at that weight.
• Professional boxing record for Michael Moorer
Moorer’s first defense came against Botha on November
from BoxRec
9, 1996. In a brutal one-sided bout, Moorer, leading
on the cards going into the 12th, ended with a flourish,
knocking Botha out with 18 seconds left in the bout.
• Boxing Scene: Michael Moorer Leads “Night of The
Heavyweights”
In March 1997, Moorer retained his belt with a 12 round
decision over previously undefeated Vaughn Bean before
parting ways with trainer Teddy Atlas, with whom he'd 2.17 Ray Mercer
been experiencing increasing tension since the beginning
of their professional relationship. He replaced him with
Ray Mercer (born April 4, 1961) is a former American
Freddie Roach.
professional boxer. Mercer is a former WBO heavyweight champion. He boxed for 19 years from 1989 to
Holyfield vs Moorer II On November 8, Moorer lost 2008, and competed in several kickboxing and MMA
his IBF title in a unification match with WBA champion bouts from 2004 to 2009. Mercer has defeated four boxEvander Holyfield. Moorer was knocked down five times ing world champions in Ossie Ocasio, Francesco Damibefore ringside doctor Flip Homansky advised referee ani, Tommy Morrison and Tim Witherspoon. As an
MMA fighter, he scored an upset one-punch knockout
Mitch Halpern to stop the bout in round eight.
victory over former UFC heavyweight champion Tim
Main article: Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer II
Sylvia in 2009.
Comeback
After this, he retired from boxing for three years before
returning with a knockout of journeyman Lorenzo Boyd.
He won three more fights, then seemingly retired again
when he was knocked out only 30 seconds into round one
by David Tua on August 17, 2002. However, he returned
to the ring once again on March 29, 2003, beating Otis
Tisdale on points over 10 rounds. On August 23, 2003,
he beat Brazil's Rodolfo Lobo by knockout in only 64
seconds.
After a layoff of almost one year, he returned on July 3,
2004, losing a ten-round unanimous decision to Eliseo
Castillo in Miami, Florida. In December of that year,
Moorer rallied from a severe deficit on the scorecards
to hand former cruiserweight champion Vassiliy Jirov his
first knockout loss. He continued fighting, winning all of
his bouts against limited opposition. His last fight was a
KO win over Shelby Gross in 2008. Following the fight
Moorer retired from professional boxing.
2.16.3
Amateur Achievements
Amateur
Mercer was the 1988 United States Amateur Champion
at Heavyweight while in the US Army[1] and compiled
an Amateur record of 64-6. He won Gold in the 1988
Olympics in Seoul as a heavyweight.
Olympic results
• 1st round bye
• Defeated Rudolf Gavenčiak (Czechoslovakia) RSC
3
• Defeated Luigi Gaudiano (Italy) KO 1
• Defeated Arnold Vanderlyde (Netherlands) RSC 2
• Defeated Baik Hyun-Man (South Korea) KO 1
Professional
Further information: Ray Mercer vs. Tommy Morrison,
• 1986 United States Amateur Light Middleweight
Ray Mercer vs. Larry Holmes and Lennox Lewis vs.
(156 pound) champion.
Ray Mercer
2.16.4
2.16.5
See also
Mercer turned pro in 1989 with a 3rd TKO of Jesse
Hughes. He scored a series of knockouts and in August 1990 knocked down and outpointed big punching
Smokin' Bert Cooper in a spectacular 12 round brawl that
earned him Cooper’s NABF title. In January 1991 he
2.17. RAY MERCER
challenged undefeated Francesco Damiani for the WBO
heavyweight title, scoring a one punch knockout victory
in the 9th when behind on points. Later that year he
brutally demolished undefeated puncher Tommy Morrison in five, and with a major world title fight on the
horizon vacated his WBO belt and fought 42 year old
legend Larry Holmes rather than mandatory challenger
Michael Moorer. It proved an unwise decision, as the
crafty Holmes conned Mercer out of the fight, outjabbing the puzzled youngster and gaining both the points
decision, and Mercer’s world title fight with heavyweight
king Evander Holyfield.
Having split fights with dangerous veteran Jesse Ferguson
(Mercer was investigated for allegedly asking Ferguson
to “throw the fight” during their first encounter), labored
when overweight to a draw with trialhorse Marion Wilson, and seen a proposed 1994 bout in Hong Kong with
Frank Bruno fall through, Mercer enjoyed an unexpected
run of form in major fights, losing on points in a thrilling
brawl with Holyfield in May 1995, losing a controversial
decision in another wild punch up, this time with Lennox
Lewis, in June 1996, and scoring a controversial points
win over ex-champ Tim Witherspoon in yet another high
action bout in December 1996. In the frame for a bout
with Andrew Golota in 1997, Mercer suffered a neck injury and was out of action for 14 months. He returned
February 1998 with a 2 round kayo of Leo Loiacono, but
contracted Hepatitis B and was again inactive, this time
for 20 months.
Comeback
In February 2001 a 39 year old Mercer launched a final
comeback, knocking out four journeymen before being
matched with WBO title holder Wladimir Klitschko in
a high profile bout on HBO. Once famed for his incredible iron chin, Mercer looked his age and was knocked
down in the first and stopped in the 6th. A brief dalliance in the mixed martial arts nixed a 2004 bout with
DaVarryl Williamson, however he did return to boxing in
2005, now aged 44, but was stopped in seven by Shannon
Briggs.
39
the most bizarre fights of all time as the kick didn't even
seem to hurt him. As Mercer put it, “I got the shit kicked
out of me”.
2.17.3 Mixed martial arts career
After a series of scheduled boxing matchups fell through
(including a proposed bout against former champion
Hasim Rahman), Mercer decided to try mixed martial
arts (MMA) and approached Felix Martinez, co-founder
of Cage Fury Fighting Championships, about working
with the promotion. On March 21, 2007, Cage Fury
announced that Mercer had signed to face underground
street fighter and Internet legend Kimbo Slice at Atlantic City’s Boardwalk Hall on June 23, 2007, as part
of Cage Fury Fighting Championship 5. The bout was a
non-sanctioned exhibition under the New Jersey Unified
MMA rules.[2]
Kimbo Slice won the fight in the first round with a
guillotine choke submission.
Mercer later stated in the press conference at Adrenaline
III: Bragging Rights when he was scheduled to fight Tim
Sylvia under MMA rules instead of Boxing rules that he
had expected Kimbo Slice to box with him and said that
he did not really train in any other aspect of MMA and
was unprepared for the guillotine choke.
On June 13, 2009, Mercer made a big splash when he defeated former UFC Heavyweight Champion Tim Sylvia
at Adrenaline III: Bragging Rights. He won the fight via
knockout in 9 seconds with a huge right hand to the chin,
becoming the first man to ever defeat Sylvia by knockout.
In March 2010, it was announced that Mercer had signed
with the King of the Cage organization.[3]
2.17.5 Kickboxing record
2.17.6 Mixed martial arts record
Professional record
2.17.2
Kickboxing career
Exhibition record
Continuing to seek a fighting career, Mercer opted to 2.17.7 Boxing accomplishments
travel to Japan and challenged Musashi in the kickboxing combat sport K-1 on June 6, 2004. Mercer held a 2.17.8 References
reasonable account of himself, but his age and inability
to successfully defend kicks was evident as he went on [1] “Mercer Just May Be Sowing the Seeds for a High-Paying
Career”. Los Angeles Times. 29 September 1988.
to lose the bout via unanimous decision. On March 19,
2005, he had one more K-1 bout against Remy Bonjasky,
[2] “Freak Show or Convert? Kimbo Slice Interview”.
to whom he lost via verbal submission, the first and only
MMAWeekly. June 22, 2007.
strike of the night, a head kick, would land on the square
on the head of Mercer. It wasn't your typical fight; Mer- [3] “Ray Mercer Returns to Fight Undefeated Ron Sparks”.
MMAFighting.com. March 12, 2010.
cer took one head kick and then quit in what was one of
40
[4] http://articles.philly.com/1993-06-30/sports/25972262_
1_mercer-first-jesse-ferguson-ray-mercer
the WBA version in March, and a 10th-round TKO loss
to Williams in an IBF title rematch in June.
Czyz went on to stop then-undefeated Andrew Maynard
in seven rounds (the second undefeated Gold medallist
he KO'd) in June 1990, then jumped up to cruiserweight.
• Professional MMA record for Ray Mercer from He challenged Robert Daniels for Daniels’ WBA world
cruiserweight championship in March 1991, and won a
Sherdog
unanimous decision. Two defenses, against Bash Ali and
• Professional boxing record for Ray Mercer from Donny Lalonde, were made (both by unanimous decision)
BoxRec
before Czyz vacated the title.
• K-1 record
2.18 Bobby Czyz
In 1994, Czyz became a television boxing analyst working alongside Steve Albert and Ferdie Pacheco whilst continuing his boxing career.The trio covered fights in many
locations worldwide. In December 1994, he covered the
first world title fight ever held in Ecuador as a member of
Showtime's crew.
Robert Edward Czyz (/ˈtʃɛz/ CHEZ; born February 10,
1962) is a retired American boxer. A New Jersey na- In 1996, he stepped up to the heavyweight division, but
tive of Polish descent,[1] he is both a former world light lost by knockout in five rounds to Evander Holyfield and
quickly retired. Czyz fought one last time in 1998, losing
heavyweight and cruiserweight champion.
by second round TKO to South African Corrie Sanders.
Czyz was born in Orange, New Jersey. He lived in Czyz continued doing color commentary for Showtime,
Wanaque, New Jersey and attended Lakeland Regional but was let go after pleading guilty to his fourth drunkenHigh School.[2]
driving offense in six years after being caught speeding
[3]
Nicknamed “Matinee Idol”, Czyz was a member of the in Readington Township, New Jersey. Czyz’s case received
a
lot
of
attention
as
he
was
a
multiple
repeat DUI
United States amateur boxing team whose other members
case,
and
was
a
driver
behind
the
NJ
Assembly
revisitdied in the LOT Polish Airlines plane crash in Poland in
[4]
ing
its
legislation.
Czyz,
who
was
a
Raritan
Township,
1980. Because of an auto accident one week before the
New Jersey resident at the time, was given a six-month
fatal trip, Czyz was not on the plane.
license suspension for each of his three drunken driving
convictions in 1998, 1999 and 2000. It was discovered
that he was sentenced improperly as a first-time offender
after his fourth arrest, which occurred in February 2003
Czyz had a quick start to his professional boxing career in in Readington Township, where he was caught driving
the early 1980s, and he was soon in line for a shot against with a blood-alcohol level of 0.14 percent. The state limit
world middleweight champion Marvin Hagler. He had to at that time was 0.10 percent.[4]
start from scratch, however, after suffering a 10-round
loss at the hands of veteran Mustafa Hamsho in November 1982.
Czyz went up in weight, put another string of wins together, and in September 1986, he finally found himself 2.18.2
in a ring with an undefeated world champion, IBF light
heavyweight champion Slobodan Kacar (Olympic Gold
2.18.3
medallist of 1980). Czyz beat him in five rounds.
Czyz made three defenses - a one-round defeat of David
Sears, a see-saw second-round KO of Willie Edwards,
and a fifth-round TKO of Jim McDonald - before taking on 'Prince' Charles Williams in October 1987. Czyz
scored an early knockdown of Williams, yet the challenger not only stayed in the fight, but also hammered shut
Czyz' left eye en route to scoring a TKO victory and thus
seizing the title after eight rounds of boxing.
Czyz then lost a decision to Dennis Andries in May 1988,
followed by a couple of victories, in turn followed by two
cracks at the world title in 1989. Czyz, despite truly good
efforts on his part in both challenges, lost both of them
- a 12-round decision to Virgil Hill in North Dakota for
Outside of the ring
Czyz married actress and photographer Kimberly Ross
(born October 8, 1959) on October 27, 1992. Their
daughter, Mercedes Czyz, was born September 27, 1993.
They were divorced by the time Kimberly died, after a
long battle with breast cancer, on December 19, 2006,
aged 47.
He has since been inducted into the Polish-American
Sports Hall of Fame.
Czyz is a member of Mensa,[5] the organization for people
who have scored in the highest 2% of takers in an IQ test.
He even wore a shirt with “MENSA” on it while walking
to the ring to fight Evander Holyfield.
2.19. MIKE TYSON
2.18.4
See also
• List of boxing triple champions
41
IBF titles, and the only heavyweight to successively unify
them.
In 1988, Tyson became the lineal champion when he
knocked out Michael Spinks after 91 seconds. Tyson successfully
defended the world heavyweight championship
2.18.5 References
nine times, including victories over Larry Holmes and
[1] Isaac Barrio. “Boxing: An Interview with Bobby Czyz Frank Bruno. In 1990, he lost his titles to underdog James
Part 3: Heavyweights, Heavy Issues, and a Distinctive “Buster” Douglas, by a knockout in round 10. AttemptLegacy”. Hardcoreboxing.net. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
ing to regain the titles, he defeated Donovan Ruddock
twice in 1991, but he pulled out of a fight with undisputed
[2] Boxing commentator arrested, Herald News, February
25, 2003, accessed April 11, 2007. “Boxing commen- heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield due to injury.
tator and former two-time world champion Bobby Czyz, In 1992, Tyson was convicted of raping Desiree Washinga Lakeland High School graduate and former Wanaque ton and sentenced to six years in prison but was released
after serving three years. After his release, he engaged in
resident, has been charged with drunken driving.”
a series of comeback fights. In 1996, he won the WBC
[3] “Ex-Boxer Faces Jail For Drunken Driving - NYand WBA titles after defeating Frank Bruno and Bruce
Times.com”. Readington (Nj): Select.nytimes.com.
Seldon by knockout. With his defeat of Bruno, Tyson
2003-06-01. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
joined Floyd Patterson, Muhammad Ali, Tim Wither[4]
spoon, Evander Holyfield, and George Foreman as the
only men in boxing history to that point to have regained a
[5] “Prominent Mensans”. Mensa International. Retrieved
heavyweight championship after having lost it. After be2007-10-11.
ing stripped of the WBC title, Tyson lost his WBA crown
to Evander Holyfield in November 1996 by an 11th round
TKO. Their 1997 rematch ended when Tyson was dis2.18.6 External links
qualified for biting Holyfield’s ear.
• Bobby Czyz Official Website
In 2002, he fought for the world heavyweight ti• Professional boxing record for Bobby Czyz from tle at the age of 35, losing by knockout to Lennox
Lewis. He retired from professional boxing in 2006,
BoxRec
after being knocked out in consecutive matches against
• Michael Swann’s 2007 multi-part interview with Danny Williams and Kevin McBride. Tyson declared
Bobby Czyz
bankruptcy in 2003, despite having received over $30
million for several of his fights and $300 million during
• Part One
his career. Tyson was well known for his ferocious and in• Part Two
timidating boxing style as well as his controversial behavior inside and outside the ring. Nicknamed “The Baddest
• Part Three
Man on the Planet”, “Kid Dynamite” and “Iron Mike”,[5]
• Follow-up
Tyson is considered one of the best heavyweights of all
time.[6] He was ranked No. 16 on The Ring's list of
100 greatest punchers of all time,[7] and No. 1 in the
2.19 Mike Tyson
ESPN.com list of “The hardest hitters in heavyweight
history”.[8] He has been inducted into the International
For the baseball player, see Mike Tyson (baseball). For Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.
the English clergyman and antiquary, see Michael Tyson
(antiquary).
2.19.1 Early life
Michael Gerard "Mike" Tyson (/ˈtaɪsən/; born June 30,
1966) is an American retired professional boxer.
Tyson was born in Brooklyn, New York. He has an elder
[9]
Tyson is a former undisputed heavyweight champion of brother named Rodney (born c. 1961) and an elder
who died of a heart attack at age 24
the world and holds the record as the youngest boxer to sister named Denise,
[10]
in
February
1990.
win the WBC, WBA and IBF heavyweight titles at 20
years, 4 months, and 22 days old. Tyson won his first Tyson’s biological father is listed as “Purcell Tyson” (who
19 professional bouts by knockout, 12 of them in the was from Jamaica) on his birth certificate,[11][12] but the
first round. He won the WBC title in 1986 after defeat- man Tyson had known as his father was Jimmy Kirking Trevor Berbick by a TKO in the second round. In patrick. Kirkpatrick was from Grier Town, North Car1987, Tyson added the WBA and IBF titles after defeat- olina (a predominantly black neighborhood that was aning James Smith and Tony Tucker. He was the first heavy- nexed by the city of Charlotte[13] ), where he was one
weight boxer to simultaneously hold the WBA, WBC and of the neighborhood’s top baseball players. Kirkpatrick
42
married and had a son, Tyson’s half-brother Jimmie Lee
Kirkpatrick, who would help to integrate Charlotte high
school football in 1965. In 1959, Jimmy Kirkpatrick left
his family and moved to Brooklyn, where he met Tyson’s
mother, Lorna Mae (Smith) Tyson. Mike Tyson was born
in 1966.[14] Kirkpatrick frequented pool halls, gambled
and hung out on the streets. “My father was just a regular street guy caught up in the street world,” Tyson said.
Kirkpatrick abandoned the Tyson family around the time
Mike was born, leaving Tyson’s mother to care for the
children on her own.[15] Kirkpatrick died in 1992.[16]
Amateur career
Throughout his childhood, Tyson lived in and around
high-crime neighborhoods. According to an interview in
Details, his first fight was with a bigger youth who had
pulled the head off one of Tyson’s pigeons.[19] Tyson was
repeatedly caught committing petty crimes and fighting
those who ridiculed his high-pitched voice and lisp. By
the age of 13, he had been arrested 38 times.[20] He ended
up at the Tryon School for Boys in Johnstown, New York.
Tyson’s emerging boxing ability was discovered there by
Bobby Stewart, a juvenile detention center counselor and
former boxer. Stewart considered Tyson to be an outstanding fighter and trained him for a few months before introducing him to Cus D'Amato.[15] Tyson dropped
out of high school as a junior.[21] He would later be
awarded honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from
Central State University in 1989.[22]
TKO; 16 of those came in the first round.[27] The quality
of his opponents gradually increased to journeyman fighters and borderline contenders,[27] like James Tillis, David
Jaco, Jesse Ferguson, Mitch Green and Marvis Frazier.
His win streak attracted media attention and Tyson was
billed as the next great heavyweight champion. D'Amato
died in November 1985, relatively early into Tyson’s professional career; some speculate that his death was the
catalyst to many of the troubles Tyson was to experience
as his life and career progressed.[28]
Tyson won gold medals at the 1981 and 1982 Junior
Olympic Games, defeating Joe Cortez in 1981 and beating Kelton Brown in 1982. Brown’s corner threw in the
towel in the first round. He holds the Junior Olympic
record for quickest knockout (8 seconds). He won every
bout at the Junior Olympic Games by knockout.
He fought Henry Tillman twice as an amateur, losing
both bouts by close decision. Tillman went on to win
heavyweight gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los
The family lived in Bedford-Stuyvesant until their finan- Angeles.[26]
cial burdens necessitated a move to Brownsville when
Tyson was 10 years old.[17] Tyson’s mother died six years
later, leaving 16-year-old Tyson in the care of boxing Rise to stardom
manager and trainer Cus D'Amato, who would become
his legal guardian. Tyson later said, “I never saw my Main article: Trevor Berbick vs. Mike Tyson
mother happy with me and proud of me for doing something: she only knew me as being a wild kid running the Tyson made his professional debut as an 18-year-old on
streets, coming home with new clothes that she knew I March 6, 1985, in Albany, New York. He defeated Hecdidn't pay for. I never got a chance to talk to her or know tor Mercedes via a first round knockout.[15] He had 15
about her. Professionally, it has no effect, but it’s crush- bouts in his first year as a professional. Fighting freing emotionally and personally.”[18]
quently, Tyson won 26 of his first 28 fights by KO or
Kevin Rooney also trained Tyson, and he was occasionally assisted by Teddy Atlas, although he was dismissed
by D'Amato when Tyson was 15. Rooney eventually took
over all training duties for the young fighter.[23]
Tyson’s first nationally televised bout took place on
February 16, 1986, at Houston Field House in Troy, New
York against journeyman heavyweight Jesse Ferguson.
Tyson knocked down Ferguson with an uppercut in the
fifth round that broke Ferguson’s nose.[29] During the
sixth round, Ferguson began to hold and clinch Tyson
in an apparent attempt to avoid further punishment. After admonishing Ferguson several times to obey his commands to box, the referee finally stopped the fight near
the middle of the sixth round. The fight was initially
ruled a win for Tyson by disqualification (DQ) of his opponent. The ruling was “adjusted” to a win by technical knockout (TKO) after Tyson’s corner protested that a
DQ win would end Tyson’s string of knockout victories,
and that a knockout would have been the inevitable result.
The rationale offered for the revised outcome was that
the fight was actually stopped because Ferguson could not
(rather than would not) continue boxing.
Tyson’s brother is a physician assistant in the trauma center of the Los Angeles County-University of Southern
California Medical Center.[24] He has always been very
supportive of his brother’s career and was often seen at
Tyson’s boxing matches in Las Vegas, Nevada. When
asked about their relationship, Mike has been quoted saying, “My brother and I see each other occasionally and we
love each other"; and, “My brother was always something
On November 22, 1986, Tyson was given his first tiand I was nothing.”[25]
tle fight against Trevor Berbick for the World Boxing
Council (WBC) heavyweight championship. Tyson won
the title by second round TKO, and at the age of 20
years and 4 months became the youngest heavyweight
2.19.2 Career
champion in history.[30] Tyson’s dominant performance
2.19. MIKE TYSON
brought many accolades. Donald Saunders wrote: “The
noble and manly art of boxing can at least cease worrying
about its immediate future, now [that] it has discovered
a heavyweight champion fit to stand alongside Dempsey,
Tunney, Louis, Marciano and Ali.”[31]
Because of Tyson’s strength, many fighters were intimidated by him.[32] This was backed up by his outstanding hand speed, accuracy, coordination, power, and timing. Tyson was also noted for his defensive abilities.[33]
Holding his hands high in the Peek-a-Boo style taught by
his mentor Cus D'Amato,[34] he slipped and weaved out
of the way of the opponent’s punches while closing the
distance to deliver his own punches.[33] One of Tyson’s
trademark combinations was a right hook to his opponent’s body followed by a right uppercut to his opponent’s
chin; very few boxers would remain standing if caught
by this combination. Lorenzo Boyd, Jesse Ferguson and
Jose Ribalta were among the boxers knocked down by the
combination.
Undisputed champion
43
promotional and marketing work.[42]
On June 27, 1988, Tyson faced Michael Spinks. Spinks,
who had taken the heavyweight championship from Larry
Holmes via a 15-round decision in 1985, had not lost
his title in the ring but was not recognized as champion
by the major boxing organizations. Holmes had previously given up all but the IBF title, and that was eventually stripped from Spinks after he elected to fight Gerry
Cooney (winning by a 5th-round TKO) rather than IBF
Number 1 Contender Tony Tucker, as the Cooney fight
provided him a larger purse. However, Spinks did become the lineal champion by beating Holmes and many
(including Ring magazine) considered him to have a legitimate claim to being the true heavyweight champion.
The bout was, at the time, the richest fight in history
and expectations were very high. Boxing pundits were
predicting a titanic battle of styles, with Tyson’s aggressive infighting conflicting with Spinks’ skillful out-boxing
and footwork. The fight ended after 91 seconds when
Tyson knocked Spinks out in the first round; many consider this to be the pinnacle of Tyson’s fame and boxing
ability.[43][44] Spinks, previously unbeaten, would never
fight professionally again.
See also: Mike Tyson vs. James Smith, Mike Tyson vs.
Tony Tucker and Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks
Controversy and upset
Expectations for Tyson were extremely high, and he embarked on an ambitious campaign to fight all of the
top heavyweights in the world. Tyson defended his title against James Smith on March 7, 1987, in Las Vegas, Nevada. He won by unanimous decision and added
Smith’s World Boxing Association (WBA) title to his existing belt.[35] 'Tyson mania' in the media was becoming rampant.[36] He beat Pinklon Thomas in May with
a knockout in the sixth round.[37] On August 1 he took
the International Boxing Federation (IBF) title from Tony
Tucker in a twelve round unanimous decision.[38] He became the first heavyweight to own all three major belts
– WBA, WBC, and IBF – at the same time. Another
fight, in October of that year, ended with a victory for
Tyson over 1984 Olympic super heavyweight gold medalist Tyrell Biggs by knockout in the seventh round.[39]
During this time, Tyson came to the attention of gaming company Nintendo. After witnessing one of Tyson’s
fights, Nintendo of America president Minoru Arakawa
was impressed by the fighter’s “power and skill”, prompting him to suggest Tyson be included in the upcoming
Nintendo Entertainment System port of the Punch Out!!
arcade game. In 1987, Nintendo released Mike Tyson’s
Punch-Out!!, which was well received and sold more than
a million copies.[40]
Tyson had three fights in 1988. He faced Larry Holmes
on January 22, 1988, and defeated the legendary former
champion by a fourth round KO.[41] This was the only
knockout loss Holmes suffered in 75 professional bouts.
In March, Tyson then fought contender Tony Tubbs in
Tokyo, Japan, fitting in an easy two-round victory amid
Main article: Mike Tyson vs. Buster Douglas
During this period, Tyson’s problems outside boxing were
also starting to emerge. His marriage to Robin Givens
was heading for divorce,[45] and his future contract was
being fought over by Don King and Bill Cayton.[46] In late
1988, Tyson parted with manager Bill Cayton and fired
longtime trainer Kevin Rooney, the man many credit for
honing Tyson’s craft after the death of D'Amato.[33][47]
Following Rooney’s departure, critics alleged that Tyson
began to rely less on the jab to get inside and work the
body, clinching more, using the Peek-a-Boo style sporadically and throwing few combinations.[48] Tyson insisted he hadn't altered the style that made him a world
champion.[49] In 1989, Tyson had only two fights amid
personal turmoil. He faced the popular British boxer
Frank Bruno in February. Bruno managed to stun Tyson
at the end of the 1st round,[50] although Tyson went on to
knock out Bruno in the fifth round. Tyson then knocked
out Carl “The Truth” Williams in one round in July.[51]
By 1990, Tyson seemed to have lost direction, and his
personal life was in disarray amidst reports of less vigorous training prior to the Douglas match.[52] In a fight on
February 11, 1990, he lost the undisputed championship
to Buster Douglas in Tokyo.[53] Tyson was a huge betting
favorite, but Douglas (priced at 42/1) was at an emotional
peak after losing his mother to a stroke 23 days prior to
the fight; Douglas fought the fight of his life.[53] Contrary
to reports that Tyson was out of shape, it has been noted
at the time of the fight that he had pronounced muscles,
44
an absence of body fat and weighed 220 and 1/2 pounds,
only two pounds more than he had weighed when he beat
Michael Spinks 20 months earlier.[54] Mentally, however,
Tyson was unprepared. Tyson failed to find a way past
Douglas’s quick jab that had a 12-inch (30 cm) reach advantage over his own.[55] Tyson did send Douglas to the
floor in the eighth round, catching him with an uppercut,
but Douglas recovered sufficiently to hand Tyson a heavy
beating in the subsequent two rounds. (After the fight,
the Tyson camp would complain that the count was slow
and that Douglas had taken longer than ten seconds to
get to his feet.)[56] Just 35 seconds into the 10th round,
Douglas unleashed a brutal uppercut, followed by a combination of hooks that sent Tyson to the canvas for the
first time in his career. He was counted out by referee
Octavio Meyran.[53]
training.
The knockout victory by Douglas over Tyson, the previously undefeated “baddest man on the planet” and arguably the most feared boxer in professional boxing at
that time, has been described as one of the most shocking upsets in modern sports history.[57][58]
Desiree Washington testified that she received a phone
call from Tyson at 1:36 am on July 19, 1991 inviting her
to a party. Having joined Tyson in his limousine, Washington testified that Tyson made sexual advances towards
her. She testified that upon arriving at his hotel room,
Tyson pinned her down on his bed and raped her despite
her pleas to stop. She ran out of the room and asked
Tyson’s chauffeur to drive her back to her hotel. Partial corroboration of Washington’s story came via testimony from Tyson’s chauffeur, Virginia Foster, who confirmed Desiree Washington’s state of shock. Further testimony came from Thomas Richardson, the emergency
room physician who examined Washington more than 24
hours after the incident and confirmed that Washington’s
physical condition was consistent with rape.[63]
After Douglas
Main articles: Mike Tyson vs. Henry Tillman, Mike
Tyson vs. Alex Stewart, Mike Tyson vs. Donovan
Ruddock and Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II
After the loss, Tyson recovered with first-round knockouts of Henry Tillman[59] and Alex Stewart[60] in his
next two fights. Tyson’s victory over Tillman, the 1984
Olympic heavyweight gold medalist, enabled Tyson to
avenge his amateur losses at Tillman’s hands. These bouts
set up an elimination match for another shot at the undisputed world heavyweight championship, which Evander
Holyfield had taken from Douglas in his first defense of
the title.
Tyson, who was the number one contender, faced number
two contender Donovan “Razor” Ruddock on March 18,
1991, in Las Vegas. Ruddock was seen as the most dangerous heavyweight around and was thought of as one of
the hardest punching heavyweights. Tyson and Ruddock
went back and forth for most of the fight, until referee
Richard Steele controversially stopped the fight during the
seventh round in favor of Tyson. This decision infuriated the fans in attendance, sparking a post-fight melee
in the audience. The referee had to be escorted from the
ring.[61]
2.19.3 Rape conviction, prison, and conversion
Tyson was arrested in July 1991 for the rape of 18-yearold Desiree Washington, Miss Black Rhode Island, in an
Indianapolis hotel room. Tyson’s rape trial took place
in the Indianapolis courthouse from January 26, 1992 to
February 10, 1992.
Under lead defense lawyer Vincent J. Fuller's direct examination, Tyson claimed that everything had taken place
with Washington’s full cooperation and he claimed not
to have forced himself upon her. When he was crossexamined by lead prosecutor Gregory Garrison, Tyson
denied claims that he had misled Washington and insisted
that she wanted to have sex with him. Because of Tyson’s
hostile and defensive responses to the questions during
cross-examination, some have speculated that his behavior made him unlikable to the jury who saw him as brutish
and arrogant.[64] Tyson was convicted on the rape charge
on February 10, 1992 after the jury deliberated for nearly
10 hours.[65]
Alan Dershowitz, acting as Tyson’s counsel, filed an appeal urging error of law in the Court’s exclusion of evidence of the victim’s past sexual conduct, the exclusion of
three potential defense witnesses, and the lack of a jury
instruction on honest and reasonable mistake of fact.[66]
Court of Appeals ruled against Tyson in a
Tyson and Ruddock met again on June 28 that year, with The Indiana
[66]
2–1
vote.
Tyson knocking down Ruddock twice and winning a 12
round unanimous decision.[62] A fight between Tyson and On March 26, 1992, Tyson was sentenced to six years
Holyfield for the undisputed championship was arranged in prison followed by four years on probation.[67] He was
for the autumn of 1991. The match between Tyson and assigned to the Indiana Youth Center (now the Plainfield
reigning champion Holyfield was scheduled for Novem- Correctional Facility) in April 1992,[68] and he was reber 8, 1991 at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, but Tyson leased in March 1995 after serving three years.[69] During
pulled out after sustaining a rib cartilage injury during his incarceration, Tyson converted to Islam.[70]
2.19. MIKE TYSON
2.19.4
Comeback
45
Tyson vs. Holyfield II and aftermath
Main articles: Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeley, Mike Main article: Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II
Tyson vs. Buster Mathis, Jr., Frank Bruno vs. Mike
Tyson II and Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson
Tyson and Holyfield fought again on June 28, 1997. Originally, Halpern was supposed to be the referee, but afAfter being paroled from prison, Tyson easily won his ter Tyson’s camp protested, Halpern stepped aside in fa[81]
comeback bouts against Peter McNeeley and Buster vor of Mills Lane. The highly anticipated rematch was
Mathis Jr.. Tyson’s first comeback fight grossed more dubbed The Sound and the Fury, and it was held at the
than US$96 million worldwide, including a United States Las Vegas MGM Grand Garden Arena, site of the first
record $63 million for PPV television. The fight was pur- bout. It was a lucrative event, drawing even more attenchased by 1.52 million homes, setting both PPV viewer- tion than the first bout and grossing $100 million. Tyson
ship and revenue records.[71] The 89-second fight elicited received $30 million and Holyfield $35 million, the high[82][83]
The
criticism that Tyson’s management lined up "tomato est paid professional boxing purses until 2007.
[72]
fight
was
purchased
by
1.99
million
households,
setting
a
cans" to ensure easy victories for his return. TV Guide
pay-per-view
buy
rate
record
that
stood
until
the
May
5,
included the Tyson-McNeeley fight in their list of the 50
2007, De La Hoya-Mayweather boxing match.[83][84]
Greatest TV Sports Moments of All Time in 1998.[73]
Tyson regained one belt by easily winning the WBC title from Frank Bruno in March 1996. It was the second
fight between the two, and Tyson knocked Bruno out in
the third round.[74] Tyson added the WBA belt by defeating champion Bruce Seldon in one round in September
that year. Seldon was severely criticized and mocked in
the popular press for seemingly collapsing to innocuous
punches from Tyson.[75]
2.19.5
Tyson–Holyfield fights
Tyson vs. Holyfield I
Main article: Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield
Soon to become one of the most controversial events in
modern sports,[85] the fight was stopped at the end of the
third round, with Tyson disqualified[86] for biting Holyfield on both ears. The first time Tyson bit him, the match
was temporarily stopped. Referee Mills Lane deducted
two points from Tyson and the fight resumed. However,
after the match resumed, Tyson did it again; Tyson was
disqualified and Holyfield won the match. One bite was
severe enough to remove a piece of Holyfield’s right ear,
which was found on the ring floor after the fight.[87] Tyson
later stated that his actions were retaliation for Holyfield
repeatedly headbutting him without penalty.[80] In the
confusion that followed the ending of the bout and announcement of the decision, a near riot erupted in the
arena and several people were injured.[88]
Tyson’s former trainer, Teddy Atlas, had predicted that
Tyson would be disqualified. “He planned this,” Atlas
said. “That’s the only reason he went through with this
fight. This was a charade so he could get out and live
with himself as long as in his world he would be known
as savage and brutal. In his world, he was the man who attacked like an animal and people would say he was trying
to annihilate Holyfield, trying to kill him, when nothing
could be further from the truth.”[89]
Tyson attempted to defend the WBA title against Evander
Holyfield, who was in the fourth fight of his own comeback. Holyfield had retired in 1994 following the loss of
his championship to Michael Moorer. It was said that
Don King and others saw former champion Holyfield, As a subsequent fallout from the incident, US$3 milwho was 34 at the time of the fight and a huge underdog, lion was immediately withheld from Tyson’s $30-million
purse by the Nevada state boxing commission (the most
as a washed-up fighter.[76]
[90]
On November 9, 1996, in Las Vegas, Nevada, Tyson it could legally hold back at the time).[91] Two days affaced Holyfield in a title bout dubbed “Finally.” In a sur- ter the fight, Tyson issued a statement, apologizing to
and asked not to be banned for
prising turn of events, Holyfield, who was given virtu- Holyfield for his actions
[92]
life
over
the
incident.
Tyson was roundly condemned
[77]
ally no chance to win by numerous commentators,
in
the
news
media
but
was
not without defenders. Novdefeated Tyson by TKO when referee Mitch Halpern
Katherine
Dunn wrote a column
elist
and
commentator
[78]
stopped the bout in round 11.
Holyfield became the
that
criticized
Holyfield’s
sportsmanship
in the controversecond boxer to win a heavyweight championship belt
sial
bout
and
charged
the
news
media
with
being biased
three times. Holyfield’s victory was marred by allegations
[93]
against
Tyson.
[79]
from Tyson’s camp of Holyfield’s frequent headbutts
during the bout. Although the headbutts were ruled ac- On July 9, 1997, Tyson’s boxing license was rescinded
cidental by the referee,[79] they would become a point of by the Nevada State Athletic Commission in a unanimous
contention in the subsequent rematch.[80]
voice vote; he was also fined US$3 million and ordered
46
to pay the legal costs of the hearing.[94] As most state
athletic commissions honor sanctions imposed by other
states, this effectively made Tyson unable to box in the
United States. The revocation was not permanent, as the
commission voted 4–1 to restore Tyson’s boxing license
on October 18, 1998.[95]
During his time away from boxing in 1998, Tyson made a
guest appearance at WrestleMania XIV as an enforcer for
the main event match between Shawn Michaels and Steve
Austin. During this time, Tyson was also an unofficial
member of D-Generation X. Tyson was paid $3 million
for being guest enforcer of the match at WrestleMania
XIV.[96]
2.19.6
1999 to 2005
After Holyfield
Savarese 38 seconds into the bout in June 2000.[101]
In 2000, Tyson had three fights. The first was staged at the
MEN Arena, Manchester, England against Julius Francis.
Following controversy as to whether Tyson should be allowed into the country, he took four minutes to knock
out Francis, ending the bout in the second round.[102]
He also fought Lou Savarese in June 2000 in Glasgow,
winning in the first round; the fight lasted only 38 seconds. Tyson continued punching after the referee had
stopped the fight, knocking the referee to the floor as he
tried to separate the boxers.[103] In October, Tyson fought
the similarly controversial Andrew Golota,[104] winning
in round three after Gołota was unable to continue due to
a broken jaw. The result was later changed to no contest
after Tyson refused to take a pre-fight drug test and then
tested positive for marijuana in a post-fight urine test.[105]
Tyson fought only once in 2001, beating Brian Nielsen in
Copenhagen with a seventh round TKO.[106]
Main articles: Mike Tyson vs. Francois Botha and Mike
Tyson vs. Andrew Golota
Lewis vs. Tyson
In January 1999, Tyson returned to the ring to fight the Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson
South African Francois Botha, in another fight that ended Tyson once again had the opportunity to fight for a heavyin controversy. While Botha initially controlled the fight,
Tyson allegedly attempted to break Botha’s arms during
a tie-up and both boxers were cautioned by the referee in
the ill-tempered bout. Botha was ahead on points on all
scorecards and was confident enough to mock Tyson as
the fight continued. Nonetheless, Tyson landed a straight
right-hand in the fifth round that knocked out Botha.[97]
Critics noticed Tyson stopped using the bob and weave
defense altogether following this return.[98]
Legal problems caught up with Tyson once again. On
February 5, 1999, Tyson was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment, fined $5,000, and ordered to serve two years
probation and perform 200 hours of community service
for assaulting two motorists after a traffic accident on
August 31, 1998.[99] He served nine months of that sentence. After his release, he fought Orlin Norris on October 23, 1999. Tyson knocked down Norris with a left
hook thrown after the bell sounded to end the first round.
Norris injured his knee when he went down and said he
was unable to continue the fight. Consequently, the bout
was ruled a no contest.[100]
“I'm the best ever. I'm the most brutal and vicious, the
most ruthless champion there has ever been. There’s no
one can stop me. Lennox is a conqueror? No! I'm
Alexander! He’s no Alexander! I'm the best ever. There’s
never been anyone as ruthless. I'm Sonny Liston. I'm
Jack Dempsey. There’s no one like me. I'm from their
cloth. There is no one who can match me. My style is
The Lewis-Tyson fight that took place on June 8, 2002, was one
impetuous, my defense is impregnable, and I'm just fe- of the most anticipated heavyweight fights in years.
rocious. I want your heart! I want to eat his children!
Praise be to Allah!"
weight championship in 2002. Lennox Lewis held the
—Tyson’s post-fight interview after knocking out Lou WBC, IBF, IBO and Lineal titles at the time. As promis-
2.19. MIKE TYSON
ing amateurs, Tyson and Lewis had sparred at a training
camp in a meeting arranged by Cus D'Amato in 1984.[107]
Tyson sought to fight Lewis in Nevada for a more lucrative box-office venue, but the Nevada Boxing Commission refused him a license to box as he was facing possible
sexual assault charges at the time.[108]
Two years prior to the bout, Tyson had made several inflammatory remarks to Lewis in an interview following
the Savarese fight. The remarks included the statement
“I want your heart, I want to eat your children.”[109] On
January 22, 2002, the two boxers and their entourages
were involved in a brawl at a New York press conference to publicize the planned event.[110] The melee put to
rest any chance of a Nevada fight, but alternative arrangements were made. The fight eventually occurred on June
8 at the Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee. Lewis
dominated the fight and knocked out Tyson with a right
hook in the eighth round. Tyson was respectful after the
fight and praised Lewis on his victory.[111] This fight was
the highest-grossing event in pay-per-view history at that
time, generating $106.9 million from 1.95 million buys
in the USA.[83][84]
Late career, bankruptcy and retirement
In another Memphis fight on February 22, 2003, Tyson
beat fringe contender Clifford Etienne 49 seconds into
round one. The pre-fight was marred by rumors of
Tyson’s lack of fitness. Some said that he took time out
from training to party in Las Vegas and get a new facial
tattoo.[112] This would be Tyson’s final professional victory in the ring.
In August 2003, after years of financial struggles, Tyson
finally filed for bankruptcy.[113][114] In 2003, amid all his
economic troubles, he was named by Ring Magazine at
number 16, right behind Sonny Liston, among the 100
greatest punchers of all time.
47
the ligament four days after the fight. His manager, Shelly
Finkel, claimed that Tyson was unable to throw meaningful right-hand punches since he had an elbow injury.[117]
On June 11, 2005, Tyson stunned the boxing world by
quitting before the start of the seventh round in a close
bout against journeyman Kevin McBride. In the 2008
documentary Tyson, he stated that he fought McBride for
a payday, that he did not anticipate winning, that he was
in poor physical condition and fed up with taking boxing
seriously. After losing the third of his last four fights,
Tyson said he would quit boxing because he felt he had
lost his passion.[118]
When Tyson fired everyone working for him and got new
accountants in 2000, they prepared a statement showing
he started the year $3.3 million in the hole but made $65.7
million.[119] “The problem was that I spent $62 million
that year,' Tyson said, “I just said to myself, Wow, this is
over. Now I can go out and really have fun.”.[119] In August 2007, Tyson pleaded guilty to drug possession and
driving under the influence in an Arizona court, which
stemmed from an arrest in December where authorities
said Tyson, who has a long history of legal problems, admitted to using cocaine that day and to being addicted to
the drug.[120]
2.19.7 Exhibition tour
To help pay off his debts, Tyson returned to the ring
in 2006 for a series of four-round exhibitions against
journeyman heavyweight Corey “T-Rex” Sanders in
Youngstown, Ohio.[121] Tyson, without headgear at 5 ft
10.5 in and 216 pounds, was in great shape, but far from
his prime against Sanders, with headgear at 6 ft 8 in and
293 pounds, a loser of his last seven pro bouts and nearly
blind from a detached retina in his left eye. Tyson appeared to be “holding back” in these exhibitions to prevent an early end to the “show”. “If I don't get out of this
financial quagmire there’s a possibility I may have to be
a punching bag for somebody. The money I make isn't
going to help my bills from a tremendous standpoint, but
I'm going to feel better about myself. I'm not going to
be depressed,” explained Tyson about the reasons for his
“comeback”.[122]
On August 13, 2003, Tyson entered the ring for a face-toface confrontation against K-1 fighting phenom Bob Sapp
immediately after Sapp’s win against Kimo Leopoldo in
Las Vegas. K-1 signed Tyson to a contract with the hopes
of making a fight happen between the two, but Tyson’s
felony history made it impossible for him to obtain a visa
to enter Japan, where the fight would have been most
profitable. Alternative locations were discussed, but the
2.19.8
fight ultimately failed to happen.[115]
On July 30, 2004, Tyson faced British boxer Danny
Williams in another comeback fight, this time staged in
Louisville, Kentucky. Tyson dominated the opening two
rounds. The third round was even, with Williams getting
in some clean blows and also a few illegal ones, for which
he was penalized. In the fourth round, Tyson was unexpectedly knocked out. After the fight, it was revealed
that Tyson was trying to fight on one leg, having torn a
ligament in his other knee in the first round. This was
Tyson’s fifth career defeat.[116] He underwent surgery for
Legacy
A 1998 ranking of “The Greatest Heavyweights of AllTime” by Ring magazine placed Tyson at No.14 on the
list.[123] Despite criticism of facing underwhelming competition during his unbeaten run as champion, Tyson’s
knockout power and intimidation factor made him the
sport’s most dynamic box office attraction.[124] According to Douglas Quenqua of The New York Times, “The
[1990s] began with Mike Tyson, considered by many to
be the last great heavyweight champion, losing his title to
the little-known Buster Douglas. Seven years later, Mr.
48
Tyson bit Evander Holyfield’s ear in a heavyweight cham- Tyson has stayed in the limelight by promoting varipion bout — hardly a proud moment for the sport.”[125]
ous websites and companies.[131] In the past Tyson had
other athletes of putting
In Ring Magazine’s list of the 80 Best Fighters of the shunned endorsements, accusing
[132]
on
a
false
front
to
obtain
them.
Tyson has held enterLast 80 Years, released in 2002, Tyson was ranked at No.
tainment
boxing
shows
at
a
casino
in Las Vegas[133] and
[126]
72.
He is ranked No. 16 on Ring Magazine's 2003 list
started a tour of exhibition bouts to pay off his numerous
of 100 greatest punchers of all time.[127]
debts.[134]
On June 12, 2011, Tyson was inducted to the
International Boxing Hall of Fame alongside legendary On December 29, 2006, Tyson was arrested in
Mexican champion Julio César Chávez, light welter- Scottsdale, Arizona, on suspicion of DUI and felony
weight champion Kostya Tszyu, and actor/screenwriter drug possession; he nearly crashed into a police SUV
shortly after leaving a nightclub. According to a police
Sylvester Stallone.[128]
probable-cause statement, filed in Maricopa County Superior Court, "[Tyson] admitted to using [drugs] today
and stated he is an addict and has a problem.”[135] Tyson
2.19.9 After professional boxing
pleaded not guilty on January 22, 2007 in Maricopa
County Superior Court to felony drug possession and
paraphernalia possession counts and two misdemeanor
counts of driving under the influence of drugs. On February 8 he checked himself into an inpatient treatment program for “various addictions” while awaiting trial on the
drug charges.[136]
On September 24, 2007, Mike Tyson pleaded guilty to
possession of cocaine and driving under the influence.
He was convicted of these charges in November 2007
and sentenced to 24 hours in jail, 360 hours community service and 3 years probation. Prosecutors had requested a year-long jail sentence, but the judge praised
Tyson for seeking help with his drug problems.[137] On
November 11, 2009, Mike Tyson was arrested after getting into a scuffle at Los Angeles International airport
with a photographer.[138] No charges were filed.
Tyson has taken acting roles in movies and television,
most famously playing a fictionalized version of himself
in the 2009 film The Hangover. Tyson has continued to
appear in the WWE.
Tyson in the ring at Las Vegas in October 2006
In an interview with USA Today published on June 3,
2005, Tyson said, “My whole life has been a waste – I've
been a failure.” He continued: “I just want to escape. I'm
really embarrassed with myself and my life. I want to be
a missionary. I think I could do that while keeping my
dignity without letting people know they chased me out
of the country. I want to get this part of my life over as
soon as possible. In this country nothing good is going to
come of me. People put me so high; I wanted to tear that
image down.”[129] Tyson began to spend much of his time
tending to his 350 pigeons in Paradise Valley, an upscale
enclave near Phoenix, Arizona.[130]
For more details on on his acting and WWE appearances,
see Mike Tyson in popular culture.
In September 2011, Tyson gave an interview in which
he made comments about former Alaska governor Sarah
Palin that included crude and violent descriptions of interracial sex. These comments were then reprinted on
the Daily Caller website. Journalist Greta van Susteren
criticized Tyson and the Daily Caller over the comments,
which she described as “smut” and “violence against
women”.[139]
After debuting a one-man show in Las Vegas, Tyson
teamed up with director Spike Lee and brought the show
to Broadway in August 2012.[140][141] In February 2013,
Tyson took his one-man show Mike Tyson: Undisputed
Truth on a 36-city, three-month national tour. Tyson
talks about his personal and professional life on stage.[142]
The one-man show was aired on HBO on November 16,
2013.
In October 2012, Tyson launched the Mike Tyson Cares
Foundation.[143] The mission of the Mike Tyson Cares
Foundation is to “give kids a fighting chance” by provid-
2.19. MIKE TYSON
49
The gates of Tyson’s mansion in Southington, Ohio, which he
purchased and lived in during the 1980s.[149]
2.19.10 Personal life
Tyson has been married three times. He has fathered
eight children, one deceased, by several women; in addition to his biological children, Tyson includes the oldest
daughter of his second wife as one of his own.[150]
WWE Hall of Fame in 2012
ing innovative centers that provide for the comprehensive
needs of kids from broken homes.
In August 2013, Tyson teamed up with Acquinity Interactive CEO Garry Jonas to form Iron Mike Productions,
a boxing promotions company, formerly known as Acquinity Sports.
In September 2013, Tyson was featured on a sixepisode television series on Fox Sports 1 that documented his personal and private life entitled “Being Mike
Tyson”.[144][145]
In November 2013, Tyson released his book Undisputed Truth, which also made it on the The New York
Times Best Seller list.[146] An animated series named
Mike Tyson Mysteries, featuring Tyson solving mysteries
in the style of Scooby Doo, premiered on Adult Swim in
late October 2014.[147]
In late March 2015, Ip Man 3 was announced. With
Donnie Yen reprising his role as the titular character,
Bruce Lee's martial arts master, Ip Man, while Mike
Tyson has been confirmed to join the cast.[148] Donnie
Yen has since mentioned that he is a big fan of Mike
Tyson, and has watched many of his professional boxing
bouts, and is excited to work with him. Principal photography has begun on 25th March 2015, with a tentative
release date of Lunar New Year 2016, in 3D.
His first marriage was to actress Robin Givens, from
February 7, 1988 to February 14, 1989.[45] Givens was
famous for her work on the sitcom Head of the Class.
Tyson’s marriage to Givens was especially tumultuous,
with allegations of violence, spousal abuse and mental instability on Tyson’s part.[151] Matters came to a
head when Tyson and Givens gave a joint interview with
Barbara Walters on the ABC TV newsmagazine show
20/20 in September 1988, in which Givens described life
with Tyson as “torture, pure hell, worse than anything I
could possibly imagine.”[152] Givens also described Tyson
as "manic depressive" on national television while Tyson
looked on with an intent and calm expression.[151] A
month later, Givens announced that she was seeking a
divorce from the allegedly abusive Tyson.[151] They had
no children but she reported having had a miscarriage;
Tyson reports that she was never pregnant and only used
that to get him to marry her.[151][153] During their marriage, the couple lived in a mansion in Bernardsville, New
Jersey.[154][155]
His second marriage was to Monica Turner from April
19, 1997 to January 14, 2003.[156] At the time of the
divorce filing, Turner worked as a pediatric resident at
Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington
DC.[157] She is the sister of Michael Steele, the former
Lieutenant Governor of Maryland and former Republican National Committee Chairman.[158] Turner filed for
divorce from Tyson in January 2002, claiming that he
committed adultery during their five-year marriage, an act
that “has neither been forgiven nor condoned.”[157] The
couple had two children, Rayna and Amir.
On May 25, 2009, Tyson’s four-year-old daughter Exodus was found by her seven-year-old brother Miguel, unconscious and tangled in a cord, dangling from an exercise treadmill. The child’s mother untangled her, admin-
50
istered CPR and called for medical attention. She died of How One Fight Changed Their Lives Forever, chronicled
her injuries on May 26, 2009.[159][160]
the lives of Tyson and Douglas before and after their
Eleven days after his daughter’s death, Tyson wed for the heavyweight championship fight. The book received posthird time, to longtime girlfriend Lakiha “Kiki” Spicer, itive reviews and claimed the fight was essentially the beage 32, exchanging vows on Saturday, June 6, 2009, in a ginning of the end of boxing’s popularity in mainstream
short, private ceremony at the La Bella Wedding Chapel sports.
at the Las Vegas Hilton.[161]
In 2008, the critically acclaimed documentary Tyson preTyson has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.[162] miered at the annual Cannes Film Festival in France. The
While on the American talk show The View in early May film was directed by James Toback and has interviews
2010, Tyson revealed that he is now forced to live pay- with Tyson and clips of his fights and from his personal
check to paycheck.[163] He went on to say: “I'm totally life.
destitute and broke. But I have an awesome life, I have The Felice Brothers, a folk-rock band from Upstate New
an awesome wife who cares about me. I'm totally broke. York, released a song on their 2011 album Celebration,
I had a lot of fun. It [his poverty] just happened. I'm Florida titled “Cus’s Catskill Gym”. The song tells the
very grateful. I don't deserve to have the wife that I have; story, albeit briefly, of Mike Tyson and a few notable
I don't deserve the kids that I have, but I do, and I'm very characters and moments in his life.
grateful.”
In March 2011, Tyson appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres 2.19.12 Professional boxing record
Show to discuss his new Animal Planet reality series, Taking on Tyson. In the interview with DeGeneres, Tyson
2.19.13 Pay-per-view bouts
discussed some of the ways he had improved his life in
the past two years, including sober living and a vegan
diet.[164] However, in August 2013 he admitted publicly 2.19.14 Boxing championships and accomplishments
that he had lied about his sobriety and was on the verge
of death from alcoholism.[165]
Tyson established an impressive list of accomplishments,
In December 2013, during an interview with Fox News, mostly early in his career:[170]
Tyson talked about his progress with sobriety and how being in the company of good people has made him want to Titles
be a better and more humble person. Tyson also talked
about religion and said that he is very grateful to be a
• Junior Olympic Games Champion Heavyweight
Muslim and that he needs Allah.[166] He also revealed that
1982
he is no longer vegan after four years.[166]
• National Golden Gloves Champion Heavyweight
1984
2.19.11
In popular culture
For more details on this topic, see Mike Tyson in popular
culture.
• Undisputed Heavyweight champion (held all three
major championship belts; WBA, IBF, and WBC) –
August 1, 1987 – February 11, 1990
• WBC Heavyweight Champion – November 22,
1986 – February 11, 1990, March 16, 1996 –
September 24, 1996 (Vacated)
At the height of his fame and career in the late 1980s
and throughout the 1990s, Tyson was one of the most
• WBA Heavyweight Champion – March 7, 1987 –
recognized sports personalities in the world. Apart from
February 11, 1990, September 7, 1996 – November
his many sporting accomplishments, his outrageous and
9, 1996
controversial behavior in the ring and in his private life
[167]
has kept him in the public eye and in the courtroom.
• IBF Heavyweight Champion – August 1, 1987 –
As such, Tyson has appeared in myriad popular media in
February 11, 1990
cameo appearances in film and television. He has also
been featured in video games and as a subject of parody
Records
or satire.
The film Tyson was released in 1995 and was directed
by Uli Edel. It explores the life of Mike Tyson, from the
death of his guardian and trainer Cus D'Amato to his rape
conviction. Tyson is played by Michael Jai White.
• Youngest Heavyweight champion – 20 years and 4
months
• Junior Olympic quickest KO – 8 seconds
Published in 2007, author Joe Layden’s book The Last
Great Fight: The Extraordinary Tale of Two Men and Awards
2.19. MIKE TYSON
51
• Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year—1986 & 1988
[16] “Where are they now?". charlotteobserver.
• BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality—1989
[17] “Mike Tyson Biography”. BookRags.
• Ring magazine Prospect of the Year—1985
• WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012) [171]
2.19.15
References
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[20] Tannenbaum, Rob (December 4, 2013). “Mike Tyson on
Ditching Club Life and Getting Sober”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
[21] Jet Magazine. Johnson Publishing. 1989. p. 28.
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[67] Shipp, E. R. (March 27, 1992). “Tyson Gets 6-Year
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[68] "Mike Tyson Assigned To Indiana Youth Center.”
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2.19. MIKE TYSON
53
[73] “50 Greatest TV Sports Moments of All Time”, TV Guide,
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[77] Shetty, Sanjeev., Holyfield makes history, BBC Sports,
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[99] Tyson jailed over road rage, BBC News, February 6, 1999.
[78] Katsilometes, John., Holyfield knocks fight out of Tyson, [100] Feour, Royce., No-contest; more trouble, Las Vegas
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[81] Lane late replacement, center of action, AP via Slam! [103] Tyson fight ends in farce, BBC Sport, June 25, 2000. ReBoxing, June 29, 1997. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
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54
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[117] Tyson camp blames injury, BBC Sports, July 31, 2004.
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[139] “Greta Van Susteren: Tucker Carlson’s a 'pig' for Palin
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[119] “Mike Tyson opens up about bankruptcy, how much sex
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Almanac and Book of Facts. Ft. Washington, PA: London [143] “Mike Tyson Cares Foundation”.
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[125] Quenqua, Douglas (March 14, 2012). “The Fight Club
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2014.
[126] “Ring Magazine’s 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years”.
Boxing.about.com. April 9, 2012. Retrieved October 14, [146] “Inside the List”. The New York Times. Retrieved March
1, 2014.
2012.
[127] “Ring Magazine’s 100 Greatest Punchers”.
Box- [147] Mallenbaum, Carly (26 October 2014). “Mike Tyson
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ing.about.com. April 9, 2012. Retrieved October 14,
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2012.
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Apr 2015. Check date values in: |date= (help)
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tion of Mike Tyson”. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
[131] Henderson, Kenneth. A Look at Mike Tyson’s Life after Boxing, ringsidereport.com, June 20, 2002. Retrieved [151] Ebony (1989). “Mike Tyson vs. Robin Givens: the
April 28, 2007.
champ’s biggest fight”. Find Articles at BNet. Retrieved
April 24, 2007.
[132] Saraceno, Jon., Tyson shows good-guy side with kids, USA
Today, June 6, 2002. Retrieved April 27, 2007.
[152] Wife Discusses Tyson, AP via New York Times, September 30, 1988. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
[133] Birch, Paul., Tyson reduced to Vegas turn, BBC Sports,
September 13, 2002. Retrieved April 27, 2007.
[153] Berger, Phil (October 26, 1988). “Boxing Notebook;
Lalonde-Leonard: It’s Same Old Hype”. The New York
[134] Debt-ridden Tyson returns to ring, BBC Sports, SeptemTimes. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
ber 29, 2006. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
[135] Gaynor, Tim., Mike Tyson arrested on cocaine charges, [154] Gross, Ken. “As Wife Robin Givens Splits for the Coast,
Mike Tyson Rearranges the Furniture”, People, October
Reuters via Yahoo.com, December 30, 2007. Retrieved
17, 1988. Retrieved March 21, 2011. “The food lies unMarch 15, 2007.
touched. The only sounds across the breakfast table in
[136] Khan, Chris., Boxing: Tyson enters rehab facility, AP via
the Bernardsville, N.J., mansion are the loud silences of
The Albuquerque Tribune, February 8, 2007. Retrieved
words being swallowed.Finally, Robin Givens, 24, star of
March 6, 2007.
the ABC-TV sitcom Head of the Class, pushes herself
2.20. VAUGHN BEAN
away from the table and announces, 'I have to pack.' 'Me,
too,' says her husband, Mike Tyson, 22, the world heavyweight boxing champion. Suddenly the Sunday morning
atmosphere is tense and full of menace.”
[155] via Associated Press. Mike Tyson Chronology, USA Today, June 12, 2005. Retrieved March 21, 2011. “Oct. 2,
1988 – Police go to Tyson’s Bernardsville, N.J., home after he hurls furniture out the window and forces Givens
and her mother to flee the house.”
[156] Jet (2003). “Tyson finalizes divorce, could pay ex $9 million”. Find Articles at BNet. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
[157] The Smoking Gun: Archive, The Smoking Gun. Retrieved
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[158] Zeleny, Jeff; Lorber, Janie. “Profile of Michael Steele”.
The New York Times.
55
• Tyson on Tour website
• Professional boxing record for Mike Tyson from
BoxRec
• Mike Tyson’s Amateur Boxing Record
• Mike Tyson at the Internet Movie Database
• Joyce Carol Oates on Mike Tyson, 1986–1997
• June 2005 SI Tyson Retrospective Photo Gallery
• Profile at Online World of Wrestling
[159] “Police: Tyson’s daughter on life support”. CNN. May 26,
2009. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
[160] “Tyson’s daughter dies after accident, police say”. CNN.
May 27, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
[161] “Mike Tyson Marries Two Weeks After Daughter’s
Death”. TVGuide.com. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
[162] Schaap, Jeremy (September 13, 2006). “Who is the new
Mike Tyson?". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved October 14,
2012.
[163] Mike Tyson – Tyson: 'I'm Totally Broke'. Contactmusic.com. Retrieved on November 25, 2011.
[164] “Mike Tyson Talks Sobriety and Vegan Life with Ellen
DeGeneres”. UrbLife.com. March 8, 2011.
• "The Suburbanization of Mike Tyson," New York
Times Magazine, March 15, 2011
• Mike Tyson. Title Fight Stats – Reference book
• Mike Tyson Film Takes a Swing at His Old Image
by Tim Arango, The New York Times, May 11, 2008
2.20 Vaughn Bean
Vaughn Bean (born September 3, 1974 in Chicago, IL)
is a former professional boxer.
Nicknamed “Shake & Bake”, Bean is known for making
several arguably undeserved challenges for heavyweight
[165] Iole, Kevin (August 25, 2013). “Former heavyweight titles, each time coming up short. Bean began his career
champion Mike Tyson: 'I'm on the verge of dying because with 27 victories over extremely limited competition, linI'm a vicious alcoholic.'". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved Au- ing up a shot at IBF Heavyweight Title holder Michael
gust 25, 2013.
Moorer in 1997. At the time, Bean was a virtual unknown
to the boxing public but put up a good effort against an
[166] “Mike Tyson talks religon(sic): 'I need Allah'". Fox News. unmotivated Moorer, losing a close majority decision.
FOX411. Retrieved 2014-04-19.
After four victories over marginal competition, Bean secured yet another title shot against Evander Holyfield for
the WBA and IBF Heavyweight Titles. Bean again lost
the decision, a boring fight which left the boxing public
[168] “Mike Tyson Professional boxing record”. BoxRec.com. wondering how Bean had managed to get the shot in the
first place. Bean again went on another synthetic win[169] Emen, Jake (October 30, 2011). “Biggest boxing PPVs of ning steak, pounding out 11 consecutive wins over virall time – UFC”. Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved November tual unknowns. Yet again, he was able to secure another
3, 2011.
major fight, this time against Vitali Klitschko. Klitchko
controlled the fight, and was able to take out the durable
[170] “Press Office – Sports Personality Of The Year: overseas Bean via a TKO in the 11th.
[167] ESPN25:
The 25 Most Outrageous Characters,
ESPN25.com. Retrieved April 1, 2007.
winners key facts”. BBC. January 1, 1970. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
[171] “WWE Hall of Fame 2012 – Mike Tyson induction: photos”. WWE.com. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
In 2004, Bean dropped decisions to Tony Thompson and
Yanqui Diaz. In 2005, he dropped a decision to rising star
Alexander Dimitrenko. He currently resides in Coralville,
IA.
56
2.20.1
At the age of 18, Lewis represented Canada as a super
heavyweight at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He advanced to the quarter-finals, where he lost
a decision to American Tyrell Biggs, the eventual gold
• Professional boxing record for Vaughn Bean from medalist.
BoxRec
Lewis chose not to turn professional after the Olympics,
2.21 Lennox Lewis
Lennox Claudius Lewis, CM, CBE (born 2 September
1965) is a retired boxer and the most recent undisputed
world heavyweight champion. He holds dual British and
Canadian citizenship. As an amateur he won gold representing Canada at the 1988 Olympic Games after defeating future heavyweight champion Riddick Bowe in the
final. Lewis is regarded by many as one of the greatest
heavyweight boxers of all time.[2][3]
Lewis turned professional in 1989, winning his first 21
fights before he knocked out Donovan Ruddock in 1992
to take over the number one position in the World Boxing
Council (WBC) rankings. He was declared WBC heavyweight champion in December 1992 after Riddick Bowe
was stripped of the title. Lewis lost the title to Oliver
McCall in 1994 but defeated McCall in a rematch to win
the vacant WBC title in 1997. He defended the title four
times before becoming the Lineal Champion when he
beat Shannon Briggs by knockout in 1998. He became
undisputed champion when he defeated Evander Holyfield in November 1999. After defeating Mike Tyson by
knockout in 2002 and stopping Vitali Klitschko in 2003,
Lennox Lewis retired from boxing in 2004.
and instead fought four more years as an amateur, hoping
for a second chance to win a gold medal. At 1986 World
Amateur Boxing Championships, he lost in the preliminary round to Petar Stoymenov of Bulgaria.[9] After winning several more amateur titles during those years, he
travelled to Seoul, South Korea for the 1988 Summer
Olympics and achieved his goal. In the gold medal match,
Lewis defeated future world champion Riddick Bowe by
a second round referee stopped contest (RSC). He was
Canada’s flag bearer at the Games’ closing ceremony.[10]
2.21.3 Professional boxing career
Having achieved his goal, Lewis declared himself
a professional and moved back to his native England. He claimed he had always considered himself
British,[11][12][13] but many British fans regarded him as
“a Canadian at heart and a Briton for convenience.”[14]
He signed with boxing promoter Frank Maloney and his
early professional career was filled with knockouts of
journeymen. After he signed with American promoter
Main Events, he won the European heavyweight title in
1990 against Frenchman Jean Maurice Chanet. In his
next fight in March 1991, Lewis won the British title
against undefeated, world-ranked Gary Mason, and in
April 1992 won the Commonwealth title against Derek
Lewis is 6 feet 5 inches (196 centimetres) tall and has Williams.
an 84-inch (213 cm) reach. During his boxing prime, he
weighed about 245 pounds (111 kg). Lewis often referred Lewis was a top-five world heavyweight. He defeated forto himself as “the pugilist specialist.” Lewis is rated by mer WBA heavyweight champion Mike Weaver, 1984
BoxRec as the number one pound-for-pound best British Olympic Gold medalist Tyrell Biggs, former world
cruiserweight title holders Glenn McCrory and Osvaldo
boxer of all time.[4]
Ocasio, and journeymen Levi Billups and Mike Dixon.
2.21.1
Early life
Lewis was born on 2 September 1965, in Stratford, London, England to Jamaican-born parents.[5] At birth he
weighed 10 pounds 10 ounces (4.8 kg), and was given
the name Lennox by the doctor, who said he looked like
a Lennox.[6] Lewis moved to Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
in 1977 at the age of 12. He attended Cameron Heights
Collegiate Institute for high school, where he excelled in
Canadian football, soccer and basketball.[7]
WBC champion
On 31 October 1992, Lewis knocked out Canadian
Donovan “Razor” Ruddock in two rounds for the number one contender’s position in the WBC rankings. It
was Lewis’ most impressive win to date, and established
him as one of the world’s best heavyweights. Sportscaster
Larry Merchant declared, “We have a great new heavyweight.”
The win over Ruddock made Lewis the number one contender for Riddick Bowe’s heavyweight championship.
Bowe refused to face Lewis, and held a press conference
to dump his title in a trash can and relinquish it. On 14
Lewis eventually decided that his favorite sport was box- December 1992, the WBC declared Lewis its champion,
ing. He became a dominant amateur boxer and won the making him the first world heavyweight titleholder from
Britain in the 20th century.
world amateur junior title in 1983.[8]
2.21. LENNOX LEWIS
57
Lewis defended the belt three times, defeating Tony
Tucker, whom he knocked down for the first time in
Tucker’s career, and he followed this with knockout victories over Frank Bruno and Phil Jackson. The Lennox
Lewis vs. Frank Bruno fight was the first time two Britishborn boxers fought for a version of the world heavyweight
title in the modern era.[15]
first chance at the title recently been won by Briton Frank
Bruno from Oliver McCall. Bruno had previously lost to
both Lewis and Tyson.
Lewis lost his WBC title to Oliver McCall on 24 September 1994 in a huge upset at the Wembley Arena in London. In the second round, McCall landed a powerful right
hook, putting Lewis on his back. Lewis gained his feet at
the count of six, but stumbled forward into the referee in
a daze. Referee Jose Guadalupe Garcia felt Lewis was
unable to continue and ended the fight, giving McCall the
title by technical knockout. Lewis and others argued the
stoppage was premature and that a champion should be
given the benefit of the doubt.[16] They also contended
that Garcia, a Mexican referee working for the Mexicanbased WBC, had been persuaded by promoter Don King
to end the fight early if the opportunity arose, to bring
back the heavyweight title to his promotional stable.[17]
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Oliver McCall II
Lewis had the number 1 contender’s slot in the WBC
rankings when he knocked out Australian Justin Fortune,
then defeated former WBO Champion Tommy Morrison
in October 1995, followed by Olympic gold medallist and
Further information: Lennox Lewis vs. Donovan Rud- former WBO champion Ray Mercer in a close majority
dock, Lennox Lewis vs. Tony Tucker, Lennox Lewis vs. decision in May 1996. Lewis successfully sued to force
Frank Bruno and Lennox Lewis vs. Phil Jackson
Tyson to make a mandatory defense of the WBC title
against him or force him to give up the title, winning a
four million dollar settlement from promoter Don King.
Rather than fight Lewis, Tyson relinquished the WBC tiLoss to McCall
tle to fight Evander Holyfield. The WBC title was declared vacant. This set up a rematch between Lewis and
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Oliver McCall
McCall, who met on 7 February 1997 in Las Vegas for
the WBC title.
After the fight, Lewis decided he needed a new trainer to
replace Pepe Correa, who had become increasingly difficult to work with. Correa denounced Lewis in public after being fired. Renowned trainer Emanuel Steward, who
had been McCall’s trainer during their fight, was Lewis’
choice. Even before the fight with McCall, Steward had
seen much potential in Lewis and immediately expressed
a desire to work with him. He corrected several of Lewis’
technical flaws, which included maintaining a more balanced stance, less reliance on his straight right hand, and
a focus on using a strong, authoritative jab; the latter of
which would become a hallmark of Lewis’ style throughout the rest of his career. Their partnership lasted until
Lewis’ retirement, both having mutual praise and respect
for each other to this day.[17]
In one of the strangest fights in boxing history, McCall
(having lost the first three rounds) refused to box in the
fourth and fifth rounds. He then began crying in the ring,
forcing the referee to stop the fight and award Lewis the
victory and the title. As newly re-crowned WBC champion, Lewis successfully defended the title during 1997
against fellow Briton and former WBO world champion
Henry Akinwande, who was disqualified after five rounds
for excessive clinching. Lewis then met Poland’s Andrew
Golota, whom he knocked out in the first round. Lewis
retained the WBC world title in 1998 when he knocked
out lineal champion Shannon Briggs in five rounds (Briggs
had recently outpointed George Foreman in a controversial fight to win the lineal title), and beat formerlyundefeated European champion Željko Mavrović from
Croatia in a 12-round unanimous decision. Lewis stated
in 2006 that his fight with Mavrovic was the most awkward win of his career.[18]
Further information: Lennox Lewis vs. Tommy Morrison, Lennox Lewis vs. Ray Mercer, Lennox Lewis vs.
Henry Akinwande, Lennox Lewis vs. Andrew Golota,
Lennox Lewis vs. Shannon Briggs and Lennox Lewis vs.
Željko Mavrović
Lewis vs. Holyfield
Regaining the WBC title
Main article: Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Lionel Butler
On 13 March 1999, Lewis faced WBA and IBF title
holder Evander Holyfield in New York City in what was
supposed to be a heavyweight unification bout. Lewis
fought a tactical fight, keeping Holyfield off balance with
a long jab and peppering him with combinations almost at
will. Although most observers believed Lewis had clearly
won the fight, the bout was declared a draw, to much con-
In his first comeback fight Lewis was given a chance to
fight for the mandatory challenger position within the
WBC and won it by knocking out American contender
Lionel Butler. However, at the behest of promoter Don
King, the WBC bypassed him and gave Mike Tyson the
58
troversy. The raw statistics of the fight suggested the bout ning a 12-round decision against New Zealander and IBF
belonged to Lewis, who landed 348 punches compared to mandatory opponent, David Tua in Las Vegas.
Holyfield’s 130. Lewis also out-jabbed Holyfield 137 to
52.[19] Judge Eugenia Williams, who scored the fight in
Holyfield’s favour, said she saw Lewis land fewer punches Lewis vs. Rahman
than Holyfield.[20]
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Hasim Rahman
Lewis vs. Holyfield II
Main article: Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis II
The sanctioning bodies ordered a rematch.[21] Eight
months later in Las Vegas (13 November 1999), the two
men fought again in a more open and entertaining contest than the original fight, with the two boxers having
some heavy exchanges from rounds 6 to 9. The punch
stats however still clearly favoured Lewis who landed 195
punches to Evander Holyfield’s 137 punches, although interestingly Lewis landed 119 power shots and 76 jabs,
showing a definite shift in his tactics from the first fight
when he focused more on the jab. This time around
the 3 Judges did score the fight unanimously (115–113,
116–112 & 117–111) all in favour of Lewis who became
undisputed heavyweight champion of the World. The
British public voted Lewis the 1999 BBC Sports Personality of the Year.[22]
Reign as Undisputed Champion
On 21 April 2001, Lewis was knocked out by 15-to-1
underdog Hasim Rahman in a bout in South Africa. Prior
to the bout, Lewis had a role in the film Ocean’s Eleven in
which he “boxed” against Wladimir Klitschko.
Lewis vs. Rahman II
Main article: Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis II
Lewis immediately sought a rematch with the new champion; however, Rahman, now being promoted by Don
King, tried to secure another opponent for his inaugural
title defence. Lewis took Rahman to court to honour the
rematch clause in their contract. Rahman was ordered to
honour the clause and give Lewis a rematch in his first title defence. While promoting the rematch with Rahman
on ESPN’s Up Close, the fighters got into a brawl[23] similar to the one between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in
front of Howard Cosell on Wide World of Sports. Lewis
regained the title on 17 November by outclassing and then
knocking out Hasim Rahman in the fourth round of their
rematch.
Main articles: Lennox Lewis vs. Michael Grant, Lennox
Lewis vs. Francois Botha and Lennox Lewis vs. David
Lewis vs. Tyson
Tua
After Lewis defeated Holyfield the WBA ordered Lewis
to defend the title against John Ruiz of Puerto Rico, then
an obscure Don King fighter who had been made the
WBA’s #1-ranked contender. The WBA gave permission
for Lewis to fight his WBC mandatory Michael Grant first
if he would fight Ruiz next, which Lewis agreed to. Opposed to this, Ruiz’s promoter challenged this decision in
court on the basis of a clause in the Lewis-Holyfield rematch contract that said Lewis’s first bout as undisputed
champion would be against the WBA’s number one contender. Lewis was therefore to be stripped of his WBA
belt if he fought Grant first. It was because of this that
the WBA instated its “Super Champion” title, giving unified titleholders who also hold a WBA belt more time to
defend against mandatory challengers.
Lewis proceeded to fight the 6 ft 8 inch American Michael
Grant who he considered the best contender available. He
successfully defended his WBC, IBO & IBF titles against
Grant with a second round knockout victory in Madison
Square Garden in April 2000.
Later that same year Lewis knocked out South African
Francois Botha in two rounds in London, before win-
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson
On 8 June 2002, Lewis defended his title against Mike
Tyson. A fight many had hoped would be a classic turned
out to be one-sided as Lennox used his jab and superior
reach to score a dominant knockout victory over “Iron
Mike.” By the end of the seventh round Tyson was tired
and sluggish, his face swollen and his eyes cut. He was
knocked out in the eighth by a right hook. After the fight,
George Foreman declared, “He [Lewis] is, no doubt, the
best heavyweight of all time. What he’s done clearly puts
him on top of the heap.”[24] This was the highest-grossing
event in pay-per-view history, generating $106.9 million
from 1.95 million buys in the U.S., until it was surpassed
by De La Hoya-Mayweather in 2007.[25]
Ticket sales were slow because they were priced as high as
$2,400, but a crowd of 15,327 turned up to see boxing’s
then biggest event at the Pyramid Arena in Memphis,
Tennessee. Tyson also had to pay Lewis $335,000 out
of his purse for biting him at the news conference to announce the fight, which was originally scheduled for 6
April 2002 in Las Vegas. Las Vegas, however, rejected
the fight because of Tyson’s licensing problems and several other states refused Tyson a license before Memphis
2.21. LENNOX LEWIS
59
scorecards when the fight was stopped.
Interviewed about the fight by HBO, doctor Paul Wallace
explained his decision:
“When he raised his head up, his upper eyelid covered his field of vision. At that point I
had no other option but to stop the fight. If he
had to move his head to see me, there was no
way he could defend his way against a punch.”
Klitschko’s face required sixty stitches.[27][28][29]
Because Klitschko had fought so bravely against Lewis,
boxing fans soon began calling for a rematch. The WBC
agreed, and kept the Ukrainian as its No. 1 contender.
Lewis initially was in favour of a rematch:
“I want the rematch, I enjoyed that fight. It
was just a fight. We went at it. You have to
play dollars and cents but I'm opting more for
the rematch.”[30]
Negotiations for the rematch followed but Lewis changed
his mind [31] Instead, Klitschko fought and defeated Kirk
Johnson on December 6 in WBC Eliminator, setting up
a mandatory rematch with Lewis. Lewis announced his
retirement shortly thereafter and vacated the title. Lewis
The Lewis-Tyson fight was one of the most anticipated heavy- announced his retirement in February 2004 and decided
weight fights in years.
to pursue other interests, including sports management
and music promotion. Lewis said he would not return to
the ring. At his retirement, Lewis’s record was 41 wins, 2
finally bid $12 million to land it.
losses and 1 draw, with 32 wins by knockout. Though it
was rumoured in an article published by the Daily Mail on
February 24 that he would return to fight Klitschko once
Lewis vs. Klitschko
again, Lewis quickly shot down those rumours on his personal website. In 2008 Lewis commented on a possible
Main article: Lennox Lewis vs. Vitali Klitschko
match up with Riddick Bowe. “He waits until I am in retirement to call out my name,” said Lewis. “I will come
In May 2003, Lewis sued boxing promoter Don King for out of retirement to beat up that guy. I'll beat him up for
$385 million, claiming that King used threats and bribery free.”[32]
to have Tyson pull out of a rematch with Lewis and a fight
Along with Gene Tunney and Rocky Marciano, Lewis is
on the card of a Lewis title defence.
one of three world heavyweight champions to have retired
Lewis scheduled a fight with Kirk Johnson for June, but with no unavenged defeats.
when Johnson suffered an injury in training, Lewis fought
Vitali Klitschko, the WBC’s #1 contender and former In 2008, Lewis was inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of
[33]
WBO champion. Lewis had planned to fight him in De- Fame. In 2009, in his first year of eligibility, Lewis was
[34]
cember, but since Klitschko had been on the undercard inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.
of the Johnson fight anyway, they agreed to square off on He was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in
[35]
June 21. Lewis entered the ring at a career high 256½ 2012.
[26]
pounds. Lewis was dominated in the early rounds and Lewis worked as a boxing analyst for HBO on Boxing Afwas wobbled in round two by solid Klitschko punches. ter Dark from 2006 until 2010.
Lewis opened a cut above Klitschko’s eye with a right
cross in the third round and gave a better showing from
the fourth round onwards, with both fighters looking 2.21.4 Outside boxing
tired, before the start of round seven the doctor advised
that the fight should be stopped because of a severe cut In 2000, Lewis appeared on Reflection Eternal's debut
above Klitschko’s left eye, awarding Lewis victory by album Train of Thought, giving a shout out on the track
TKO. Klitschko was leading 58–56 on all three judges’ “Down for the Count.”
60
In 2002, Lewis was reportedly offered £5m by
World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) chairman Vince
McMahon to take up professional wrestling in his industry. His camp held discussions over a possible match
with WWE superstar Brock Lesnar in February 2003,
at the No Way Out pay-per-view event.[36] Prior to the
offer Lennox was familiar with wrestling; he was part
of the famous match held in Wembley Stadium between
The British Bulldog and Bret “The Hitman” Hart for the
Intercontinental Championship at SummerSlam in 1992,
representing the Bulldog during his entrance while bearing an Union Flag.
In 2003, Lewis made a brief cameo appearance in the
Jennifer Lopez and LL Cool J video “All I Have”.
In 2006 he appeared in the movie Johnny Was with
Vinnie Jones.
Lewis played in the World Series of Poker in both 2006
and 2007, and was knocked out without winning any
money.
Lewis appeared on NBC's Celebrity Apprentice in 2008.
He came in fourth place (out of 14).
Lewis has also done a public service announcement
against domestic violence for Do Something.[37]
In 2011 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate from
Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario.
Lewis is a supporter of his home town football club, West
Ham United.[38]
Lewis in January 2008
2.21.5
Personal life
Upon retiring from boxing, Lewis moved to Miami Beach
with his wife, Violet Chang, a former Miss Jamaica
runner-up. They have four children. Lewis told AventuraUSA.com in 2007 that he is contemplating opening
an “international boxing academy” and perhaps one day
starting a record label, but he has yet to embark on either endeavour. Lewis supports the English football team
West Ham United, the local team for the place of his
birth. Lewis has a villa at the Tryall Club in Montego
Bay, Jamaica.
Lewis is an avid amateur chess player, and funded an
after-school chess programme for disadvantaged youths,
one of whom earned a university chess scholarship at
Tennessee Tech.[39]
• Aleksandr Miroshnichenko
• Ulli kaden-avenged in 1988 Olympics
• Tyrell Biggs-avenged as a professional
• Jorge Luis Gonzalez-avenged
• Petar Stoymenov
• 1983 Junior World Super Heavyweight Champion
• Represented Canada as a Super Heavyweight at the
1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Results were:
• Defeated Mohammad Youssuf (Pakistan)
TKO 3
• Lost to Tyrell Biggs (United States) points
2.21.6
Amateur highlights
• Record: 75–7 (58 KOs)[40]
Losses
• Razor Ruddock-avenged as a professional
• 1985 Silver Medalist at World Cup competition.
• 1986 Super Heavyweight Gold Medalist at the
Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland
• 1987 Super Heavyweight Silver Medalist at Pan
American Games in Indianapolis. Lost to Jorge Luis
Gonzalez of Cuba in the final.
2.21. LENNOX LEWIS
• 1987 Won the North American Super Heavyweight
championship competition, defeating Jorge Luis
Gonzalez
• Won the Super Heavyweight Gold medal for Canada
at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.
• Defeated Chris Odera (Kenya) TKO 2
• Defeated Ulli Kaden (East Germany) TKO 1
• Defeated Janusz Zarenkiewicz (Poland) forfeit
• Defeated Riddick Bowe (United States) TKO
2.
61
[9] http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/
WorldChamps1986.html
[10] “1988 Seoul”. Canadian Olympic Committee. 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
[11] Lewis, Ron (2008-04-02). “Lennox Lewis still fighting
his corner as he lays into heavyweight issues”. London:
Timesonline. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
[12] “Lennox Lewis answers your questions” BBC, 21 December 2009, retrieved 25 December 2010
[13] “BOXING; Bruno vs. Lewis: A Personal Battle of
Britain” New York Times, 10 August 1993, retrieved 25
December 2010
2.21.7
[14] Putnam, Pat (1993-10-11). “Bloody Poor Show”. Sports
Illustrated (Time Warner). Retrieved 2009-04-16.
2.21.8
Styles from birth
[15] Bruno vs. Lewis: A Personal Battle of Britain. Nytimes.com (1993-08-10). Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
• Lennox Lewis, CM (1988–1999)
• Lennox Lewis, CM, MBE (1999–2002)
• Lennox Lewis, CM, CBE (2002–present)
2.21.9
See also
• List of Canadian sports personalities
[16] Feour, Royce (2000-11-08). “Heavyweights’ lone losses”.
Las Vegas Review-Journal (Stephens Media, LLC). Retrieved 2007-06-17.
[17] Evans, Gavin (2005-09-19). Mama’s Boy: Lennox Lewis
and the Heavyweight Crown. Highdown Publishing. ISBN
9781905156092.
[18] SecondsOut Boxing News – UK Features – Lennox Lewis:
Consummate Cool. Secondsout.com (2006-10-27). Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
[19] BBC report of the fight. BBC News (1999-03-14). Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
• List of British heavyweight boxing champions
[20] BBC report after the fight. BBC News (1999-03-14). Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
• List of European Boxing Union heavyweight champions
[21] Berkow, Ira (1999-03-15). “A Rematch For Holyfield
And Lewis Is Ordered”. The New York Times (The New
York Times Company). Retrieved 2009-05-22.
2.21.10
References
[22] “Sports Personality Roll of Honour”. BBC. Retrieve 26
December 2013
[1] Mee, Bob (2001-04-18). “Angry Lewis caught in the
crossfire”. The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 2007-03-22.
[23] Rovell, Darren (2001-08-30). “Lewis, Rahman get physical during taping”. ESPN.com (ESPN Internet Ventures).
[2] http://www.boxingnews24.com/2013/05/
lennox-lewis-one-of-the-greatest-ever/
[24] Lennox Lewis vs Mike Tyson – Part 5/5. YouTube. Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
[3] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jV5AMRL5-Hc
[25] Umstead, R. Thomas (2007-05-14). “HBO Rings In A
PPV Knockout”. Multichannel News (Variety Group).
[4] BoxRec Boxing Records. Boxrec.com. Retrieved on
2012-12-19.
[5] The Lennox Lewis interview. Playboy online. April 2002.
Accessed October 6, 2006
[6] Youtube: An Audience With Lennox Lewis 1/4
[7] Rivet, Christine (2004-02-06). “The champ hangs 'em
up”. The Record (Torstar Corporation).
[8] Nack, William (1993-02-01). “The Great Brit Hope”.
Sports Illustrated (Time Warner). Retrieved 2007-03-22.
[26] Rafael, Dan (2003-06-23). “Lewis shows his age in struggle to defend title”. USA TODAY (Gannett Co. Inc.). Retrieved 2007-04-16.
[27] “BOXING; 60 Stitches for Klitschko”, New York Times,
June 25, 2003, retrieved December 23, 2010.
[28] “National Conference Call Transcript: Vitali Klitschko,
Wladimir Klitschko, Cut Man Joe Souza, Dr. Pearlman
Hicks, Attorney Ron DiNicola”, eastsideboxing.com, retrieved December 23, 2010.
62
[29] “Relief for Lewis, stitches for Klitschko”, BBC, 22 June
2003 retrieved December 23, 2010.
[30] Rafael, Dan. (2003-07-03) “Lewis eager for rematch with
Klitschko” By Dan Rafael, USA TODAY. Usatoday.com.
Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
spanning over 18 years, Ruiz officially announced his retirement from the sport at a press conference on April
26, 2010.[1] His final fight was a title shot against the then
WBA heavyweight title holder David Haye, in which Ruiz
was defeated by TKO in round 9.
Ruiz has defeated three world champions in Evander
Holyfield, Hasim Rahman, and Tony Tucker, as well as
[32] In 2011, in response to a demand on Twitter from Bowe top contenders such as Andrew Golota, Fres Oquendo,
that he “put your gold medal on and let’s fight for that!!", Jameel McCline, and Kirk Johnson.
[31] “Lewis 'snubs’ Klitschko”. BBC News. 2003-08-04.
Lewis replied “I thought we already did.” Lennox Lewis
lays rumors of return to rest once and for all – ESPN.
Sports.espn.go.com (2008-11-26). Retrieved on 201111-25.
[33] “Yzerman, Lewis among Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame
inductees”. The Sports Network. 2008-05-13. Retrieved
2008-05-13.
[34] “Lewis handed Hall of Fame honour”. BBC News. 200812-09. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
[35] “Lennox Lewis”. http://oshof.ca/''. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
[36] BBC SPORT | Funny Old Game | Fox set to box. BBC
News (2002-10-11). Retrieved on 2011-11-25.
[37] “Lennox Lewis Speaks Out Against Domestic Violence”.
Do Something. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
[38] Lennox Lewis would make ring return to fight Wladimir
Klitschko... for $100m London 24, October 10, 2013.
Retrieved October 26, 2013.
[39] Elder, Larry (2008). Stupid Black men: how to play the
race card-- and lose. Macmillan, ISBN 0-312-36733-3,
p. 201-203.
[40] “Lennox Lewis”. HBO.com. Home Box Office, Inc.
2007-02-20. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
[41] “Lennox Lewis’ career boxing record”. Boxrec.com. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
2.21.11
External links
• Official Site
• BBC Sports-Lewis’ career in photos
He is currently residing in Las Vegas, Nevada.
His professional record is 44–9–1–1, with 30 knockouts.
Frustrated by years of criticism from the boxing press and
fans, he retired upon his second loss of the WBA Title
on April 30, 2005 (to James “Lights-Out” Toney). Ruiz
un-retired in 10 days, after finding out that James Toney
had tested positive for anabolic steroids. The official outcome, a unanimous-decision defeat, was changed to a nocontest; the WBA ordered that Ruiz retain the title. Ruiz
then filed a lawsuit against Toney, claiming that he had
damaged Ruiz’s boxing career (due to Toney’s use of illegal steroids before their bout).
On December 17, 2005 he lost his title for the third time
— in controversial fashion, — to Nikolai Valuev. Ruiz
lost a rematch for the vacant WBA Heavyweight title with
Valuev on August 30, 2008.
First reign as WBA champion
Main article: John Ruiz vs. Roy Jones, Jr.
After Lennox Lewis defeated Evander Holyfield for the
Undisputed (i.e., WBC + IBF + WBA) World heavyweight championship in late 1999, the WBA mysteriously ordered Lewis to defend the title against obscure
Don King fighter Ruiz, their #1-ranked contender, but
Lewis refused. Though he had been undefeated since a
loss against David Tua in 1996, the level of competition
Ruiz had been facing was suspect and the only name he
had beaten (to date) was a nearly 40 year old Tony Tucker.
• Professional boxing record for Lennox Lewis from Ruiz and his management sued, claiming that WBA rules
entitled him to a title shot. A judge agreed, but rather
BoxRec
than face Ruiz in a bout that was seen as commercially
• Lennox Lewis at the Internet Movie Database
unattractive, Lewis instead fought Michael Grant, considered to be a very worthy contender at the time having
knocked out a series of recognized 'name' opponents on
HBO. After learning of this, the judge decreed that upon
2.22 John Ruiz
entering the ring against Grant on April 29, 2000, Lewis
John “The Quietman” Ruiz (born January 4, 1972) would automatically forfeit the WBA title.
is an American former professional boxer. Ruiz is the Ruiz fought former champion Holyfield to fill the vacancy
first Latino heavyweight champion and former two-time on August 12, 2000, losing by unanimous decision (this
WBA heavyweight champion. After a professional career result made Holyfield the first to win a world heavyweight
2.22. JOHN RUIZ
63
title on four separate occasions). Many observers and two Hispanics/Latinos faced each other for a version of
boxing reporters felt that the underdog Ruiz had done world heavyweight title.
enough to win.
On November 13 of that same year, Ruiz retained the
Due to this controversial decision, the WBA ordered belt with a controversial unanimous decision over Polishan immediate rematch in early 2001, and Ruiz won the American [2] Andrzej Gołota (a.k.a., “Andrew” Golota) WBA title. Some critics still believe the decision contro- among other things he suffered two knockdowns and a
versial (Ruiz was on the ground for a few minutes after one-point deduction by referee Randy Neumann.
Holyfield appeared to deliver a low punch to the groin). On April 30, 2005, Ruiz lost the title to James “Lights
Footage following the match showed that the punch may Out” Toney in Madison Square Garden by unanimous dehave been legal, but it wasn't disputed.
cision, marking the second time that Ruiz had lost to a
former middleweight champion. However, after Toney
failed the post-match drug test (for stanozolol, an anabolic
steroid), the New York Athletic Commission suspended
him from boxing in the USA for 90 days, and fined him
$10,000 (U.S.). The WBA banned the aging (then 36
years-old) Toney from fighting for its heavyweight title
for the next two years. This resulted in Toney’s win being changed to a “no contest” — basically, a nullification.
Ruiz came out of retirement before it was found out that
Toney would be suspended and he would be reinstated as
On March 1, 2003, Ruiz was contracted to fight Roy champion.
Jones, Jr., who at the time was The Ring light heavyweight champion. If Jones was to beat Ruiz in the fight, Controversial Loss To Valuev
he would join Bob Fitzsimmons, Michael Spinks, and
Michael Moorer as the only three fighters to win titles On December 17, 2005, Ruiz lost the WBA Champiat light heavyweight and heavyweight as well as becom- onship in Berlin to 7 ft. tall, 324-lb. Russian Nikolai
ing the second fighter (Fitzsimmons being the first) to win Valuev. The official outcome was a majority decision
titles at both middleweight and heavyweight. Ruiz, who (scored 114-116, 113-116, and 114-114), but it was also
said the referee “wouldn't let me fight my fight”, lost a a controversial one. Ruiz was convinced that his jab /
unanimous decision to Jones and moved back into the combination-punch technique had given him a clear vicWBA’s contender pool.
tory. He demanded that his promoter, Don King, set up
an immediate re-match with the now-first-ever Russian
world heavyweight champion. Ruiz’s long-time manager,
Second reign as WBA champion
Norman Stone, declared that they would also formally petition the WBA: after all, the 10,000 German spectators
Ruiz, however, would receive another shot before 2003 booed when the decision was announced. Ruiz’s camp
was out. As champion Jones was required to face the claimed that the Germans booed because they too felt that
WBA’s number one contender, former WBO champion the outcome was unjust. Wilfried Sauerland, the manager
Vitali Klitschko. Neither the Jones nor the Klitschko who rescued Valuev’s career from obscurity 2 years earcamps were able to agree to a fight by an imposed dead- lier, angrily countered that the fans had booed because
line, so Jones became a champion-in-recess. Klitschko, Stone’s in-ring behavior had agitated them.[3]
however, did not want to fight the #2 contender, former
WBC, IBF, and lineal champion Hasim Rahman, for the In September 2006 Ruiz announced that he would be
interim championship. After David Tua, the #3 con- managed by Sauerland. His former manager Norman
tender, also turned down the fight against Rahman; Ruiz, Stone retired on December 22, 2005, stating that the decithe #5 contender and the only one interested in the fight, sion in the loss to Valuev was the last straw, and he would
[4]
decided to accept. He fought Rahman on December 13, continue to support Ruiz from retirement.
2003, and with a unanimous decision victory became the
WBA’s interim champion. When Jones announced on
The Road Back
February 24, 2004 that he would return to competing in
the light heavyweight division, the WBA took the interim After the loss Don King announced his intention to still
tag off of Ruiz and he became an official two-time WBA promote Ruiz. King had become aware of Ruiz after his
heavyweight champion.
KO win over the former IBF title holder Tony Tucker in
Ruiz defended the title twice: a controversial draw in a
third match against Holyfield where the press believed
Holyfield to have won, and a disqualification victory
against Kirk Johnson where the Canadian contender was
disqualified for repeated low blows in the tenth round.
Ruiz was accused in both the second Holyfield fight and
the Johnson fight of faking low blows that actually seemed
to be closer to his beltline than his groin (although Johnson was shown on replays to hit Ruiz below the belt several times).
On April 17, 2004, Ruiz fought the first defense of his
second world title. He retained it with an eleventh-round
technical knockout of Fres Oquendo at Madison Square
Garden. This fight was historic in that it was the first time
1998. Ruiz followed up the loss to Valuev with a fight
against up-and-coming contender Ruslan Chagaev. In a
close fight, Chagaev prevailed, taking a split decision with
scores of 117-111 and 116-112 for Chagaev, and 115-
64
114 for Ruiz. Chagaev became the mandatory challenger for at-risk children and teenagers in the Greater Boston
for a shot at Valuev, whom he defeated on April 14, 2007 area. He has also indicated that he wants to return to
to claim the WBA heavyweight championship.
boxing in some capacity as either a manager or trainer at
some point.[5]
Another Comeback
Ruiz faced Otis Tisdale on 10/13/07 and ended the fight
with a TKO victory in the 2nd round as referee Pete Podgorski called a halt to the bout as Tisdale went down for 2.22.3 Amateur Highlights
the third time. The bout was scheduled for 10 rounds. On
• 1991 competed as a Light Heavyweight at the World
March 8, 2008 Ruiz won a 12 round unanimous decision
Championships in Sydney, Australia. Results were:
over Jameel McCline in Mexico.
Valuev-Ruiz II
Valuev defeated Ruiz by unanimous decision on August
30. Scores were 114-113, 116-113, and 116-111. The
result was initially declared a split decision win for Valuev. The 114-113 score by ringside judge Takeshi Shimakawa was announced in favor of Ruiz. Shimakawa
alerted WBA officials after that his score was intended
for Valuev. One of the scorecards had the names of the
fighters in opposite order, resulting in the confusion.
The decision was once again unpopular with the live
crowd as some booed the outcome, much like the first
match in December 2005.
• Defeated Mohamed Benguesmia (Algeria)
PST (22-11)
• Defeated Miodrag Radulovic (Yugoslavia)
RSC-3
• Lost to Andrey Kurniavka (Soviet Union) PTS
(14-20)
• 1992 competed at the Olympic Trials in Worcester.
Result was:
• Lost to Jeremy Williams PTS
2.22.4 References
Another title shot
[1] “John “The Quiet Man” Ruiz Announces His Retirement”.
BoxingScene.com. 2010-04-26.
After petitioning the WBA to protest against the outcome
of his controversial fight with Valuev, Ruiz was made
[2] http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/15/sports/othersports/
the WBA’s mandatory challenger to fight the winner of
15boxing.html?_r=0
Chagaev-Valuev II in 2009. As that bout was cancelled
Ruiz stepped aside as mandatory challenger so Valuev [3] “Angry Ruiz wants rematch after losing WBA title”,
could fight Cruiserweight Champion David Haye. On the
ESPN, December 19, 2005.
undercard to that fight Ruiz stopped Adnan Serin in 7
rounds. Ruiz, coming in at 226 pounds (his lightest since [4] “John Ruiz' manager Norman Stone retires”, Boxing Press,
2001), dominated his overmatched opponent to retain his
December 22, 2005.
mandatory challenge to the WBA belt. Valuev later lost
a majority decision to David Haye, meaning Ruiz would [5] http://www.fightnews.com/?p=44096#more-44096
now fight Haye for the WBA title, after Haye had recovered from a hand injury. When the fight took place on [6] http://www.boxrec.com/list_bonus.php?human_id=
April 3 at the M.E.N. Arena in Manchester, Ruiz lost to
4655&cat=boxer
Haye by TKO when his corner threw in the towel in the
ninth round after suffering four knockdowns in the previous rounds. Ruiz, whose face was covered in blood, could 2.22.5 External links
not stand up to Haye’s greater speed and power.
• John Ruiz’s Home Page
Retirement
Following his loss to David Haye, Ruiz announced his
retirement after an 18 year boxing career. In 2013,
he opened Quietman Sports Gym in Medford, Massachusetts, offering both boxing and mma (mixed martial
arts) training to all ages. Here he provides an alternative
• John Ruiz Fight-by-Fight Career Record
• Video clip of Ruiz vs Tua fight
• Professional boxing record for John Ruiz from
BoxRec
2.23. HASIM RAHMAN
2.23 Hasim Rahman
Hasim Sharif Rahman (born November 7, 1972) is
an American professional boxer. Rahman is the former
Lineal, WBC, IBO, & IBF heavyweight champion. He
won the titles in 2001 with a shock defeat of Lennox
Lewis by KO in the fifth round, subsequently losing them
back to Lewis in the rematch, which was Rahman’s first
title defense.
65
match, Rahman was knocked through the ropes onto the
floor, hitting his head on the floor. Hasim dropped out
of the Ring Magazine top 10 as a result of the surprise
loss. Rahman later said that he had seen Maskaev earlier
in his career get knocked out in the first round by former
champion Oliver McCall and he assumed he was brought
in as an easy win. Because of this, he did not train as hard
as he should have and was beaten.
Nicknamed “The Rock”, Rahman began his professional 2001: First World Title & Lewis Rivalry
career on December 3, 1994, at age 22.
Main articles: Lennox Lewis vs. Hasim Rahman and
Rahman lives in Las Vegas, and trains in Rochester, New
Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis II
[1]
York.
Rahman came back with three wins, including one in
May 2000 over Corrie Sanders in a war in which he was
dropped twice and came back to win in 7, and after that
he was moved back up in the rankings. Finally, on April
1994-1997: Prospect
22, 2001, Rahman earned a shot at Lennox Lewis the
Rahman got a relatively late start in the sport. He was WBC, IBO and IBF heavyweight champion with a win
an enforcer for drug dealers, and was known for surviv- over Frankie Swindell. Rahman beat Swindell via 7thing several shootings.[2] He nearly died in a car accident round RTD.
(which left him with permanent scarring on his cheek and In the fight, held at Brakpan, South Africa, Lewis and
ear) and once survived a shooting where five bullets en- Rahman traded hard blows for five rounds before Rahtered his body.[3] He took up boxing at age 20 and had man, a 20-to-1 underdog, stunned the crowd by defeating
just 10 amateur bouts before making his pro debut on Lewis via 5th-round KO. It was only the second loss of
December 3, 1994, at age 22.
Lewis’ career. His first was on September 24, 1994, when
Despite his inexperience, Rahman had obvious natural Oliver McCall defeated him via 2nd-round TKO.
boxing skills that propelled him to 11 knockout wins in
his first 12 fights. Then he took a step up in class in March
1996 with a 10-round decision win over veteran Ross Puritty and seven months later, he repeated the feat against
former world champion Trevor Berbick.
Lewis had an immediate-rematch clause in the contract
for his defense against Hasim, and chose to invoke it.
Rahman and his new promoter, Don King, made plans
to defend the titles against David Izon, rather than giving Lewis his rematch. Lewis sued Rahman in U.S. federal court to enforce their contract. The judge, Neil McCluskey sided with Lewis and on November 17, 2001,
in Las Vegas, the two men met again. This time, Lewis
knocked Rahman out in the fourth round.
In July 1997, he won the regional USBA heavyweight
title, and four months later, he added another regional
belt, the IBF Intercontinental heavyweight title. Defending the USBA title three times and the Intercontinental
belt twice. By the fall of 1998, he was ranked as one of
the top five heavyweights in the world.
2002-2004: Comeback
1998-2000: Contention
On December 19, 1998, Rahman faced fellow contender
David Tua in a fight to determine the IBF’s mandatory
contender. Rahman was using his power jab well, out
boxing Tua virtually every round. At the end of the 9th
round Tua staggered Rahman with a devastating punch
that dazed him. At the beginning of the next round Tua
pounced on him immediately and the referee jumped in
when Rahman was bobbing and weaving. Tua won by
TKO. It was argued that it should have been a DQ.
Because of the controversial nature of the loss, Rahman’s
ranking did not suffer, but in November 1999, he was
knocked out by Oleg Maskaev in the eighth round of a
fight he looked to be winning. At one point during the
Rahman’s comeback fight ended in disappointment, he
was beaten by a technical decision by aging former champion Evander Holyfield after headbutts from Holyfield
caused a massive swelling (severe hematoma) on Rahman’s forehead. On March 29, 2003, Rahman faced
Tua for a second time. The fight was ruled a draw after one judge scored it for Rahman, a second for Tua
and a third had the score even. Rahman came in at the
heaviest weight of his career. In June, Rahman was elevated to the No. 1 contender’s position by the WBC. On
December 13, Rahman was matched with former WBA
world champion John Ruiz, in a match for an Interim
WBA heavyweight title (caused by Roy Jones, Jr. deciding whether he wanted to stay a heavyweight or return
to Light Heavyweight). Rahman was favored, but he lost
by (twelve round) unanimous decision and again was out
66
of condition.
After this defeat, Rahman stepped back to a lower level of
competition and defeated four journeyman fighters while
working to get back into shape. His efforts paid off when
he was rewarded with a fight against Kali Meehan on
November 13, 2004. The fight was an elimination bout
for the IBF, WBA, and WBC, with the winner being the
number-one contender in more than one world-title organization. Rahman scored the victory by a fourth-round
knockout at New York City’s Madison Square Garden.
2005: Second World Title & Klitschko Cancellation
The WBC designated Rahman as Vitali Klitschko's next
mandatory challenger; the fight was set for April 30,
2005. Klitschko injured his thigh while training for the
fight, so it was rescheduled for June 18. As this date
approached, Klitschko’s camp said that the thigh had
not fully healed; the WBC made July 23 the new fight
date. Soon after this second postponement, Vitali’s doctors reportedly discovered back injuries that they said
demanded minor-yet-immediate corrective surgery. The
WBC pushed Rahman’s title shot back again, this time to
November 12; Rahman’s share of the purse following this
match would reportedly be around US$4.2 million.
Hasim Rahman in 2008
2007: Second Comeback
After a long layoff, Rahman resumed his career with a
ten-round unanimous decision over Taurus Sykes June
14, 2007, at The Main Street Armory in Rochester, New
York.[5] Rahman then fought three times in three months
defeating Dicky Ryan by second round TKO on September 7, 2007. Hasim followed up by stopping Cerrone Fox
on October 18, 2007. On November 15, 2007, Rahman
then scored a 10th round TKO for the NABF title against
Zuri Lawrence.
After this third rescheduling, Rahman, fought for a WBC
“Interim” heavyweight championship and defeated Monte
Barrett on August 13, 2005, via unanimous decision.
2008: Toney II & Klitschko Title Shot
At this point, Klitschko would be stripped of his WBC
title if his first fight back was not against Rahman. On
November 7, it was announced that Klitschko had suffered severe right knee injuries during training; the WBC
said it would strip him of the championship if he was unable to box within 60–90 days of a soon-to-be-announced
base date. However, on November 9, Vitali Klitschko retired instead. On November 10, 2005, the WBC voted to
award its heavyweight championship to Rahman, making
Rahman a two-time heavyweight champion.
On July 16, 2008, Rahman was stopped by an accidental headbutt against James Toney. Toney was originally
awarded a TKO victory as the referee declared Rahman
had quit between rounds, nonetheless, the TKO victory
was overturned and changed to a No Contest due to the
headbutt.
Rahman lost to Wladimir Klitschko (TKO in the 7th
round) on December 13, 2008, for his WBO, IBO & IBF
titles in a fight some believe showed himself to be past his
On December 9, 2005, a U.S. Bankruptcy Court judge best. Klitschko dominated the fight, winning every round
ended Rahman’s contract with Don King and he signed while making good use of his left jab. Rahman seemed
unable to withstand the Ukrainian’s punch power. The
instead with Top Rank Boxing.[4]
referee called a stop to the contest in the 7th round after
Rahman failed to respond to a series of shots.
2006: Toney & Maskaev Title Fights
2009-2011: Layoff & Third Comeback
On March 18, 2006, Rahman fought James Toney to a
draw, in a 12-round fight in Atlantic City, New Jersey,
and he retained the WBC heavyweight title. On August
12, 2006, Rahman lost the WBC heavyweight championship to rival Oleg Maskaev by 12th Round TKO in a
mandatory defense of his title. Afterwards he said he
should have followed his trainer’s game plan.
In an interview dated February 26, 2009, with DreamFighters.com, Rahman expressed his interest in crossing
over into mixed martial arts.[6]
Fifteen months after the seventh round loss to Wladimir
Klitschko in December 2008, Rahman made a comeback
against 43 year old journeyman Clinton Boldridge winning the fight via TKO 1. The former world champion
2.24. CHRIS BYRD
next fought on June 19, 2010, against journeyman Shannon Miller (16–4, 9 KO) in a match that took in the Niagara Falls Conference Centre, Niagara Falls, New York,
United States. Rahman came into the ring at 260 pounds
and won the bout by TKO in the 4th round, after sending Miller down in each of the four rounds.[7][8] He then
won his next three fights (all by knockout), against Damon
Reed, Marcus McGee and Galen Brown. His win over
Galen Brown marked Rahmans 50th professional win in
his career. He is now 5-1 (all wins via knock out) since
his loss to Wladimir Klitschko.
67
2254873
[5] http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/
article?AID=/20070615/SPORTS/706150358/$-$1/
archive1
[6] http://dreamfighters.com/?p=1588
[7] Vester, Mark (June 20, 2010). “Hasim Rahman Destroys
Shannon Miller in Four Round”. BoxingScene.com. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
[8] Kim, Jason (June 20, 2010). “Rahman stops Miller”.
BoxingNews24.com. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
2012: Title Shot Vs. Povetkin
[9] http://rt.com/sport/boxing/
povetkin-rahman-wba-cohen-211/
He was elevated to the WBA number one contender to
face Alexander Povetkin on September 29 - 2012, for the [10] “Hasim Rahman’s career boxing record”. Boxrec.com.
WBA regular heavyweight championship.[9]
Povetkin beat Rahman via 2nd-round TKO.
2014: Super 8 Tournament
In yet another attempt to re-enter the heavyweight scene
Rahman signed up for the super 8 tournament, an
elimination-style event staged in Auckland, New Zealand.
But despite holding the tag as tournament favorite the
ageing Rahman was outpointed by little-known club
fighter Anthony Nansen in the quarter-final on the 4th
June 2014.
2.23.2
2.23.3
Career
• WBU Heavyweight Champion
• Hasim Rahman Fight-by-Fight Career Record
• Professional boxing record for Hasim Rahman from
BoxRec
2.24 Chris Byrd
Chris Cornelius Byrd (born August 15, 1970) is a retired professional boxer. Byrd is a former WBO and IBF
heavyweight champion. He retired in 2009 at the age of
39, his record stands at 41-5-1 with 22 KO’s.
He holds notable wins over Bert Cooper, Vitali Klitschko,
David Tua, Evander Holyfield, Fres Oquendo and Jameel
McCline.
• IBO Heavyweight Champion
2.24.1 Early life
• IBF World Heavyweight Champion (held simultaneously with the WBC Title)
Chris Byrd was the youngest of eight children growing up
in Flint, Michigan. He began boxing at age 5, training in
• WBC World Heavyweight (21st) Champion
his father (Joe Sr.)'s Joe Byrd Boxing Academy. His fa• WBC World Heavyweight (24th) Champion (as of ther continued to train and manage Byrd as a professional.
Byrd attended Flint Northwestern High School.
November 10, 2005)
• 2001 Upset of the Year – Ring Magazine (knocked
2.24.2
out unified IBF/WBC Champion, Lennox Lewis)
2.23.4
References
[1]
[2] http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2001/
Nov-11-Sun-2001/sports/17422300.html
[3] http://www.baltimoresun.com/about/bal-5rahman,0,
1174653.story
Amateur career
Byrd began competing in the ring at age 10, and compiled an impressive 275 wins in the amateur ranks. He
was a three-time U.S. amateur champion (1989, 1991,
and 1992). He was on the 1991 U.S. National boxing
Team that became the first (and only) U.S. team to score
a tie against the heralded Cuban team. Byrd won the silver medal in the 1992 Barcelona summer Olympics as a
middleweight, losing to Cuba's Ariel Hernández in the final.
68
Amateur Highlights
Byrd remained undefeated for his first 26 fights, knocking
off then-notable opponents like Phil Jackson, Lionel But• Lost in the 1988 Olympic Trials at Light Welter- ler, Uriah Grant, Bert Cooper, Craig Peterson, Frankie
weight, losing to eventual United States representa- Swindell, Jimmy Thunder, undefeated Eliecer Castillo
tive Todd Foster.
and Ross Puritty.
• 1989 United States Amateur Light Middleweight
Champion
• 1990 Goodwill Games in Seattle, lost to Torsten 1999: Ibeabuchi Bout, Comeback Victories
Schmitz (East Germany) on points, in Light MidHowever in 1999, Byrd’s undefeated record came to a
dleweight competition.
dead end when he fought undefeated Ike Ibeabuchi. With
• 1991 United States Amateur Middleweight Cham- 48 seconds left in the fifth round, a left-handed bolo
pion
punch followed with a right hook sent Byrd to the canvas, face first.
• 1991 World Championships, lost at Middlweight to
Ramon Garbey (Cuba)
• 1992 United States Amateur Middleweight Cham2000:First World Title and Klitschko Brothers
pion
• 1992 Middleweight Gold Medalist at Canada Cup.
During the last week of March 2000, Byrd was offered
Results were:
the chance to be the replacement (for Donovan Ruddock) against undefeated champion Vitali Klitschko in
• Justin Crawford (Australia) won on points
Berlin, Germany (Klitschko’s adopted home country) for
• Joe Laryea (Ghana) won on points
the WBO Heavyweight Title. He therefore had only seven
days to prepare for the fight (not the customary 6–12
• Igor Anashkin (Russia) won on points
weeks). Byrd struggled greatly in the fight, trailing af• 1992 Qualified as a Middleweight at the Olympic ter nine rounds by scores of 88–83 (on two cards) and
Trials in Worcester, MA. Results were:
89–82 (on one card), i.e. losing seven or eight of those
rounds. However, Klitschko severely injured his shoulder
• Derrick James won on points
and was unable to continue after the ninth round. The in• William Joppy won on points
jury that Klitschko suffered was a torn shoulder rotator
cuff, which required major surgery and a 7 month lay• Mike DeMoss won on points
off. Despite trailing on all three of the judges’ scorecards,
• Mike DeMoss won on points, this bout was at Byrd walked away the winner by a technical knockout due
the Olympic Box-Offs in Phoenix, AZ.
to the injury to Klitschko.
• Captured the Middleweight Silver Medal at the 1992
Barcelona Olympic Games. Results were:
• Mark Edwards (Great Britain) 21-3
• Alexander Lebziak (Russia/Unified Team) 167
Six months later, Byrd was back in Germany to defend the
title against Wladimir Klitschko, Vitali’s younger, more
agile brother. Twelve rounds later, Byrd had lost a lopsided unanimous decision and the WBO belt after being
knocked down twice.
• Ahmed Dine (Algeria) 21-2
• Chris Johnson (Canada) 17-3
• Ariel Hernandez (Cuba) 7-12
2001-2002: Comeback Victories and Second World
Title
Byrd returned to the U.S., signed with Don King and beat
Maurice Harris to win the United States Boxing Association heavyweight belt in Madison Square Garden. He
1993-1998: Early Career
was now a top-five contender for the IBF title. After winning his next match (a title defense against New Zealand’s
Main article: Chris Byrd vs. Evander Holyfield
top contender David Tua) Byrd eventually received his
mandatory shot at the vacant IBF world Heavyweight
Byrd turned professional on January 28, 1993, knock- Championship against Evander Holyfield in Atlantic City.
ing out 10 of his first 13 opponents. Byrd moved up to On December 14, 2002, Byrd won a unanimous decision
heavyweight three fights into his professional career.
and the IBF title.
2.24.3
Professional career
2.25. JAMES TONEY
69
2003-2005: Four Successful Title Defenses
Byrd has successfully defended the IBF belt against: Fres
Oquendo in 2003 (match ended in a controversial win for
Byrd in which most people felt Oquendo won), a highly
entertaining draw with “Andrew” Golota and a decision
win over friend Jameel McCline in 2004, and DaVarryl
Williamson in 2005.
2006: Klitschko Rematch
Tracy Byrd. Byrds other sister Laurie Byrd is a professional basketball coach. Byrd is also a first cousin
of Lamon Brewster.
• Byrd’s corner consists entirely of family members.
• Byrd makes an appearance in the 2008 documentary, Beyond the Ropes.[4]
• Byrd also makes an appearance in the 2011 documentary, Klitschko,[5]
On April 22, 2006, Byrd faced Wladimir Klitschko for
the second time. Byrd was making his fifth defense of 2.24.7 Professional boxing record
his IBF title and the fight was also sanctioned by the
International Boxing Organization for its title, which had 2.24.8 See also
been vacated upon the retirement of Lennox Lewis. The
fight took place at SAP Arena in Mannheim, Germany.
Byrd was heavily dominated throughout the fight, was
down in the fifth, and again in the seventh. Referee
• List of left-handed boxers
Wayne Kelly stopped the fight after the second knockdown when Byrd had an open cut near his eyes. Klitschko
won in a TKO
2.24.9 References
2007-2009: Povetkin Bout and Move to Cruiserweight
After losing to Alexander Povetkin, Byrd would drop
about 40 pounds to return to the light heavyweight division. He fought Shaun George on May 16, 2008, at
the Thomas and Mack Center in Las Vegas. Byrd was
dropped by George in round one and rocked again in
round two. George then hammered Byrd with his right
hand at will, finally flooring Byrd twice in the ninth round.
Byrd beat the count after the first knockdown, but was
then battered down again and the bout was waved off by
the referee.[1]
[1]
[2] “Chris Byrd: Nobody beats Wladimir Klitschko right
now ". eastsideboxing.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[3] “Chris Byrd”. YouTube. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[4] “Beyond the Ropes (Video 2008)". IMDb. 14 October
2008. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
[5] Munch MaQuchi (21 October 2011). “Klitschko (2011)".
IMDb. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
2.24.4
Retirement
Chris Byrd has officially announced that he will not
be fighting anymore and therefore he confirmed his
retirement.[2]
2.24.5
Other
• Professional boxing record for Chris Byrd from
BoxRec
2.25 James Toney
Byrd hosts a weekly video podcast, entitled 'Byrd’s Eye James Nathaniel Toney (born August 24, 1968) is an
View', which showcases former boxers, and current pro- American professional boxer. Toney is a former IBF
fessional and champion-level fighters.[3]
middleweight champion, IBF super middleweight champion and IBF cruiserweight champion. Toney has defeated eleven world champions throughout the course of
2.24.6 Additional information
his long career. He holds notable wins over Michael
Nunn, Reggie Johnson, Mike McCallum, Iran Barkley,
• His hometown is Flint, Michigan where he trains Charles Williams, Vassiliy Jirov, Evander Holyfield and
along with his brother Patrick Byrd, and his sister Fres Oquendo.
70
2.25.1
Boxing career
Before entering the ring, Toney started on the gridiron.
Toney said he got scholarship offers from Western Michigan to play quarterback and from Michigan to play fullback. But Toney said, “I wasn't a team player and wasn't
good at taking orders. So I went into boxing.”[1]
Toney had a brief but relatively successful amateur career,
compiling a record of 33-2 (32 KOs). Toney had his first
professional fight on October 26, 1988, beating Stephen
Lee by a technical knockout in the second round. He
was scouted and trained by Gregory Owens as a teenager,
who also was his trainer through the mid-nineties. His
moniker of “Lights Out” was also given by either Gregory
or his son.[2] In his 7th pro fight, Toney’s manager, alleged
drug dealer Johnny “Ace” Smith, was killed. Afterwards,
Jackie Kallen was hired as his manager. Toney also employed the services of legendary Detroit-based trainer Bill
Miller. Miller, a former boxer himself who worked in
Detroit’s famed Kronk Gym and assisted hall-of-fame
trainer Emanuel Steward at times, is credited with developing Toney’s famed “old school” or “throwback” style of
fighting.[3]
Toney won five fights throughout 1993, then defeated
Tony “The Punching Postman” Thornton in his 1st title
defense in October, via a landslide points victory. In his
second defense, Toney beat the 24–0 Tim Littles by a 4th
round KO. During this bout, Toney suffered a bad cut
which caused the referee and ringside doctor to intervene
before round 4, allowing him one more round to try to
end the fight. His next defense was against former IBF
Light Heavyweight champion Prince Charles Williams.
Despite having a point deducted for hitting Williams after the bell in one round and having his left eye completely
swollen shut, Toney knocked Williams out in the 12th and
final round. This win paved the way for his fight with undefeated 1988 Olympic silver medalist Roy Jones, Jr..[8]
Jones won a landslide decision over Toney, an upset at
the time, briefly flooring Toney for the first time with
a flash knockdown in the 3rd round. (Jones used one
of his "cockfighting" feigns to lure Toney in, and as
Toney mocked Jones, Toney got caught with a leaping left
hook.[9] ) After the fight Toney blamed making the weight
for his flat performance and the loss of his cherished unbeaten record. It was his last fight at the weight.
His next fight saw him lose to Montell Griffin at light
heavyweight in February 1995. After then winning a series of fights at light heavyweight, cruiserweight, and even
2.25.2 Middleweight champion
heavyweight, he again faced Montell Griffin in December
1996 and once again lost a close decision. He beat old foe
Toney won the IBF middleweight championship by
Mike McCallum in February 1997, but then lost to jourknocking out Michael Nunn in 11 rounds in May of 1991.
neyman Drake Thadzi in his next fight.
Toney was down on all the judges cards, but landed a left
hook that put Nunn on the canvas in the 11th round, and
eventually scored the TKO victory. The win also earned
Toney the Ring Magazine Fighter Of The Year award.[4]
Toney continued a regular fight program over the next 18
months at middleweight, before outgrowing the division,
where he made several successful yet disputed defenses.
The most noteworthy was Toney’s split decision win over 2.25.4 Cruiserweight champion
Dave Tiberi in a fight that many experts feel Toney lost.
The decision was so controversial that it prompted United
States Senator William Roth of Delaware to call for an in- After taking some time off from the ring, Toney came
vestigation into possible corruption in the sport.[5] Toney back in 1999, seemingly focused on reclaiming his status
also won a split decision title defense against Reggie John- as an elite fighter. He defeated former title holders and
son in June 1991, retained his title with a draw against for- title contenders Adolpho Washington, Steve Little and
mer WBA champ Mike McCallum in December 1991, Saul Montana, as well as Sione Asipeli, Courtney Butand again against McCallum, this time by a majority de- ler, and Michael Rush. In August 2002, Toney beat Jacision, in December 1992. The McCallum fight would be son Robinson in an IBF Cruiserweight title elimination
fight. This set up a fight between Toney and the chamToney’s last as a middleweight.[6]
pion, Vassiliy Jirov. After a postponement, the fight happened on April 26, 2003. Going into the 12th and final
round, with the scores fairly even and the fight in the bal2.25.3 Super Middleweight champion
ance, Toney knocked the undefeated Jirov down in the
Toney moved up to the 168 lbs Super Middleweight divi- 12th. The Kazakh rose from the canvas to go to the dission.
tance, but Toney got the judges verdict and was now a
On February 13, 1993, he challenged Iran Barkley for his three-weight World Champion.
IBF Super Middleweight title. After a dominating performance by Toney, the bout was stopped after 9 rounds
by Barkley’s trainer, Eddie Mustafa Muhammad, due to
Barkley suffering severe swelling around both eyes.[7]
For Toney’s performance he was awarded comeback of
the year and named fighter of the year. The fight itself
was named “Fight Of The Year” by The Ring magazine.
Immediately afterward, Toney moved up to heavyweight.
2.25. JAMES TONEY
2.25.5
Heavyweight
71
On April 7, 2012 Toney fought Bobby Gunn and won by
a fifth round stoppage due to a hand injury sustained by
Gunn. More than one year later on April 28, 2013 James
Toney returned to take on Lucas Browne in Australia, for
the WBF heavyweight title and lost by wide unanimous
decision.
Even when Toney was a middleweight, he insisted that he
would one day be the heavyweight champion of the world.
His October 4, 2003, victory over aging former heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield was Toney’s entry
into the heavyweight division. After a shaky first round,
Toney picked the Atlanta legend apart with shots to the
body and head before stopping him in the 9th round. Af- 2.25.6 Return to Cruiserweight
ter the fight Toney declared he was “undestructable”, that
he “got milk baby” and didn't want any “bad ass ques- On November 4, 2011, Toney stepped into the ring at
199 lbs, the lowest he has been since 2003 against Rustions” from announcer Jim Gray.[10]
sian star Denis Lebedev in Russia for the interim WBA
On September 23, 2004, Toney defeated a clearly outWorld cruiserweight title. Toney was never competitive
matched Rydell Booker in a 12-round unanimous decithroughout the bout after encountering problems with his
[11]
sion for the fringe IBA World Heavyweight title.
left knee during round two, and the judges all had it 108 –
On April 30, 2005, he defeated John Ruiz by a unani- 120. A week after the fight it was revealed Toney needed
mous decision in a 12-round match for the World Boxing surgery to repair his knee.[14]
Association (WBA) heavyweight Championship. Toney
joined Bob Fitzsimmons and Roy Jones Jr. as the only
former world middleweight champs to go on & win a le- 2.25.7 Prizefighter International Heavygit heavyweight title. However, Toney failed his postweights 2013
fight drug test, testing positive for the anabolic steroid
stanozolol. This led to the New York Athletic Com- It was announced that Toney will compete in Matchroom
mission changing the bout’s official outcome to a “no- Sports Prizefighter Series at Heavyweight, it will be the
contest”, deducting the win from Toney’s career record 3rd Prizefighter in which International Heavyweights will
and banning him from boxing for 90 days. The WBA compete. It will also be a 1st in a special UK v US tourordered that Ruiz be reinstated as its champion and that nament, the event took Place on November 14, 2013, at
Toney be ineligible for another WBA Heavyweight title Bethnal Green's York Hall on its usual channel of Sky
shot for two years. Toney defended himself by claiming Sports HD.
that the steroids were given to him by a doctor to treat an
James Toney won his first bout in the Prizefighter tournainjured arm that occurred during his victory over Rydell
ment against British heavyweight Matt Legg. He won by a
Booker in his previous fight.
TKO in the 3rd round and advanced to the semi finals. He
In his bout after the Ruiz fight, Toney won a unanimous lost his second bout by decision over three rounds to feldecision victory over former heavyweight contender Do- low American heavyweight Jason Gavern and was elimiminic Guinn. Toney next fought against Hasim Rahman nated from the tournament as a semi finalist.
on March 18, 2006, for the WBC Heavyweight title. The
result was a twelve-round majority draw.
Toney’s next two outings were losses to Samuel Peter.
The first fight was held in Los Angeles, California on
September 2, 2006. Toney lost by split decision. The
return bout was held in Hollywood, Florida, on January
6, 2007, and Toney once again lost to Peter, this time by
unanimous decision. Both fights were WBC eliminator
bouts for the belt held by Oleg Maskaev.
Toney’s next bout came on December 13, 2008, against
Fres Oquendo. Oquendo was penalized one point in
round eight for a rabbit punch, which would prove to
be the deciding factor in the fight. Toney won a close,
controversial split decision. On September 12, 2009,
James fought heavyweight fighter Matthew Greer (12–5–
0 11KO) at the Pechanga Resort & Casino.[12] James won
via TKO victory in round two.
On February 24, 2011, Toney made his return to boxing
and won a ten round unanimous decision against Damon
Reed. All three judges scored the bout 100–90. For this
bout Toney weighed in at a career high of 257 lbs.[13]
2.25.8 Mixed martial arts career
Toney was spotted in attendance at UFC 108 on January
2, 2010, which led to talks between him and UFC President Dana White regarding fighting in the organization.
On March 3, it was confirmed by White that the two had
agreed and signed a multifight deal with the company, at
the age of 42.[15]
To attempt to help his transition into MMA, Toney was
coached by trainer Juanito Ibarra.[16][17] Toney was later
coached by Trevor Sherman.[18]
Toney vs. Couture
His debut fight was against Hall of Famer and former
UFC Heavyweight and Light Heavyweight Champion,
Randy Couture, who was 47 years old at that time, at
UFC 118 on August 28, 2010.[19] Couture scored a takedown against Toney within 25 seconds into the bout and
72
at 3:19, Couture submitted Toney.[20] Toney was released
from his contract with the UFC.[21]
[14] Crawford, Percy (November 8, 2011). “Toney to undergo Knee Surgery”. Fight Hype. Retrieved November
8, 2011.
2.25.9
[15] “Toney signs multifight deal with CCFC”. ESPN. Associated Press. March 3, 2010.
Honors
• Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year for 1991 and
2003
• The Ring magazine Comeback of the Year fighter
for 2003.
• Boxing Writers Association of America Fighter of
the Year for 1991 and 2003
2.25.10
2.25.11
Mixed martial arts record
2.25.12
References
[17] Fontanez, Erik (March 4, 2010). “James Toney’s Coach,
Juanito Ibarra: “We're Gonna Shock The World"".
Bleacher Report. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
[18] “Handicapping James Toney’s Chances Against Jared
Mellon at CCFC 6”. Bloody Elbow.
[19] “UFC 118: Penn vs Edgar 3”. UFC.com. Retrieved June
21, 2010.
[1] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/James_Toney
James Toney biography
|
[2] James Toney. BoxingInsider.com. Retrieved on June 19,
2014.
[3] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/
article/2006/03/17/AR2006031702334.html | If Anything, Toney Knows How to Fight
[4] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Ring_Magazine_
Fighter_of_the_Year | Ring Magazine’s Fighters Of The
Year
[5] James Toney vs. Dave Tiberi – Boxrec Boxing Encyclopaedia. Boxrec.com. Retrieved on June 19, 2014.
[6] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/James_Toney
James Toney biography
|
[7] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Fight:6887
James Toney vs. Iran Barkley
|
[20] Greisman, David (August 28, 2010). “James Toney
was destroyed by Randy Couture at UFC 118”. Turtleface.com. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
[21] Greisman, David (September 9, 2010). “James Toney Officially Released By UFC”. CagedInsider.com. Retrieved
September 9, 2010.
[22] “James Toney – Boxer”. Boxrec.com. Retrieved May 22,
2012.
• James Toney’s Official Website
• FightFan.com: Inside James Toney’s Training Camp
[8] http://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Fight:8571
|Toney vs. Williams
[9] James Toney vs. Roy Jones, Round 3. YouTube.com.
Retrieved on June 19, 2014.
[10] http://www.complex.com/sports/2011/09/
the-10-funniest-post-fight-interviews-in-boxing-history/
james-toney-ii#/! | 10 funniest post-fight interviews in
boxing history: James Toney
[11] http://www.thesweetscience.com/news/articles/
|
874-james-toney-punishes-rydell-booker
Toney punishes Rydell Booker
[16] Marrocco, Steven (March 3, 2010). “Trainer Juanito
Ibarra to coach UFC signee James Toney in transition to
MMA”. MMA Junkie. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
• James Toney Fight-by-Fight Career record
• Professional boxing record for James Toney from
BoxRec
• Professional MMA record for James Toney from
Sherdog
• James Toney on entering into MMA
• James Toney at the Internet Movie Database
James
[12] James Toney: He ain’t heavy; He’s a heavyweight! FightFan News Wire (September 11, 2009)
[13] Haskin, Kevin (February 25, 2011). “Reed loses decision
to Toney”. Topeka Capital Journal. Retrieved February
26, 2011.
2.26 Larry Donald
Larry Ali Donald (born January 6, 1967) is a professional heavyweight boxer, who competed for the United
States at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
2.27. JEREMY BATES
2.26.1
Professional career
Main article: Riddick Bowe vs. Larry Donald
Larry “The Legend” Donald turned pro on January 3,
1993, earning a technical knockout against Craig Brinson. In 1994 he beat fellow undefeated prospect Jeremy
Williams, and Bert Cooper, but suffered his first defeat
when losing widely to ex-champ Riddick Bowe, who had
infamously hit Donald at the pre-fight press conference.
73
• Professional boxing record for Larry Donald from
BoxRec
2.27 Jeremy Bates
Jeremy Bates (born January 12, 1974, in Argillite,
Kentucky) is an American heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed “The Beast”, Bates was a moderately successful
fighter who fought several other journeyman fighters of
his era. Bates has become something of a “comeback”
opponent for veteran fighters such as Holyfield, Golota,
In July 2001 he had a high-profile world title eliminator and Meehan.
with Kirk Johnson, 31–0–1, but lost a close decision.
He resurfaced in late 1997 outpointing ex-champ Tim
Witherspoon, but spent many years fighting low profile on
Don King undercards, unpopular with fans and the press
for his negative, ultra-defensive and extremely unentertaining style.
In 2002 he travelled to Germany to face Vitali Klitschko.
Even at the age of 35, Donald was considered one of the 2.27.1 Professional boxing career
most durable fighters in the world, but the heavy hitting
Klitschko surprisingly stopped the veteran, decking him Early career
three times in the 10th round.
Bates turned professional in 1999 and fought mainly jourAlthough things looked over, Donald seemingly rein- neyman fighters, losing to prospect Andre Purlette in
vented himself in November 2004 with an upset win over 2001. Bates later lost to Sedreck Fields, Kirk Johnson,
the legendary, yet completely faded Evander Holyfield, Leo Nolan, Brian Minto, and Ray Austin before his first
winning nearly every round against the ageing ex-champ. retirement.
In 2005, Donald controversially lost a title eliminator bout
to giant-sized Russian Nicolay Valuev which would have
earned him the right to fight John Ruiz for the WBA belt. The Holyfield fight
On July 30, 2007, Donald returned to ring to face Bates was persuaded to postpone his retirement when he
Alexander Povetkin, and lost a lopsided decision.
was given an opportunity to fight four time heavyweight
champion Evander Holyfield. On August 18, 2006 in a 10
round bout at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas,
the 44 year old Holyfield dominated the fight which was
stopped in the second round after Holyfield landed about
Donald was the American representative at Super Heavy- 20 consecutive punches on Bates. The events prior too,
weight at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. His results and the fight itself are documented in Evander Holyfields
were:
new book “Becoming Holyfield”.
• 1st round bye
Retirement from boxing
• Defeated Nikolay Kulpin (Unified Team/Former Bates retired with a record of 21 wins, 13 losses and 1
Soviet Union) RSC 3 (0:02)
draw, with 18 wins by knockout. Post boxing, Bates began a successful career as a full-time insurance sales pro• Lost to Roberto Balado (Cuba) 4–10
fessional. Bates is currently employed at the United States
Enrichment Corporation. (USEC) is a Uranium gaseous
In addition to his Olympic run, Donald had a successful diffusion plant in Portsmouth OH.
amateur career, including:
Coming out of retirement
• National Golden Gloves Super Heavyweight ChamBates would come out of retirement to face Guillermo
pion (1989, 1990)
Jones, Andrew Golota, Odlanier Solis, Kevin Rainey, and
• United States National Amateur Champion at Super most recently Kali Meehan. All of those fights, with the
Heavyweight (1991)
exception of Bates’ bout with Kevin Rainey, would be
74
losses. Currently, Bates’ record stands at 23 wins, 17 2.27.4 External links
losses and 1 draw, with 19 wins by knockout.
• Professional boxing record for Jeremy Bates from
BoxRec
2.27.2
• ESPN Article on Bates
2.28 Fres Oquendo
Bates made his professional wrestling debut on November
15, 2008 in Ashland, Kentucky at Ohio Championship
Wrestling’s November Reign, where he defeated Vinnie Fres Oquendo (born April 1, 1973) is a professional
Viagra. He defeated “The Driller” Eddie Browning on heavyweight boxer.
December 13 at OCW’s Season’s Beatings.
Oquendo was born in Puerto Rico, and had a successful
Bates got his third victory at OCW on January 10, amateur record before turning professional in 1997.
2009 at the New Year’s Bash by defeating NWA AllStar Wrestling Heavyweight Champion “Pretty Boy” Stan
Lee. Bates made his wrestling debut at an arena where he 2.28.1 Amateur career
is undefeated in the boxing ranks, the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse in Huntington, West Virginia, at 304 He had an amateur record of 105-5 1990 178 lb. SpringWrestling’s Battlefront. He defeated Vinnie Viagra in that field Golden Gloves Champion 1992 178 lb. Chicago
City Golden Glove Champion 1993 Chicago City Golden
outing.
Glove 201 lb.+ Super Heavyweight Champion 1993
Bates is now in training to fight in the Ultimate FightNational Golden Gloves Heavyweight Champion 1995
ing Championship. His progress is being documented
Chicago City Golden Glove 201 lb.+ Super Heavyweight
in a YouTube series called “Being the Beast”. The
Champion
videos are available for viewing at www.youtube.com/
user/beast0107.
Television Shows
Bates is features on Monsters Underground a show that
has aired on Discovery Channel as well as Destination
America. On Monsters Underground Bill Brock led the
team of Jeremy Bates, Craig McGhee and Casey Onik
into the core of the earth looking for creatures. They explore some of the most hidden and dangerous caves in
search of monsters such as the Rake and Draco. https:
//vimeo.com/102164001
Team Rogue
Bates continues to search for cryptids with Team
Rogue. Team Rogue is a team out of Maine with
Bill Brock and A.J. Marston. The team searches for
creatures like Sasquatch and The Mothman. You can
follow the search on Youtube and the Team Rogue
web site.. https://www.youtube.com/c/BillBrock http:
//teamrogue207.wix.com/teamrogue207
2.27.3
References
[1] “Jeremy Bates’ career boxing record”. Boxrec.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Known as “Fast Fres” and “The Big O”, Oquendo won
his first 22 professional bouts, including impressive victories over Duncan Dokiwari, Bert Cooper, Clifford Etienne, David Izon, and Obed Sullivan. In 2002, while at
his peak, Oquendo took on David Tua. Oquendo controlled the fight until the 9th round when Tua caught
him with a series of heavy blows causing the fight to
be stopped. Oquendo was noticeably unsteady on his
feet after the stoppage and had to hold the top rope to
stay upright. <1></http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/
boxingchronicle/articles_tuaoquendo.html>
In 2003 Oquendo came from behind to KO Maurice Harris in the 10th, setting up a shot at IBF heavyweight title
holder Chris Byrd. What seemed to be a unanimous decision for Oquendo was given to Byrd with a gift decision
win to keep his IBF belt. One score was 117-111 which
was referred to by HBO announcers as The best judges
money can ________. In 2004, Oquendo got another
shot at a belt against WBA heavyweight title holder John
Ruiz, losing by TKO in round 11. Oquendo then took 2
years off for surgery to repair a torn lab-rum, returning
early 2006. Quick wins against Brazilian champ Daniel
Bispo and then Javier Mora set up a fight against Evander
Holyfield, which Holyfield won by unanimous decision on
November 10, 2006 at the Alamodome in San Antonio,
Texas. Oquendo almost called off the fight as suggested
by the UCLA Medical Center due to tonsillitis and strepthroat but decided to fight anyway.
2.29. VINCENT MADDALONE
75
He then once a gain gained the WBC-WBO Latino belts
in 2007, after defeating Dominique Alexander then following it up with a win against the never stopped granite
chin Cuban Elisier Castillo. In a grueling ESPN bout in
Miami Florida in 120 degree heat Oquendo out lasted the
charging Cuban.
Oquendo slipped and tore his meniscus in round 3 and
fought 7 rounds with little movement. The fight was close
as Rossy seemed to take Oquendo’s best shots and give
back as much. When the decision came in Oquendo got
the nod in a fight he had to show heart fighting injured. He
is currently ranked #5 in the world. He has currently beIn late 2008, Oquendo lost a fight to James Toney on De- gan training and expects to have a great 2014 hopefully
cember 13, by split decision. He was docked a point in the fighting for the WBA World Championship, the WBC
World Championship or the WBC World Cup Tourna8th round for a questionable rabbit punch, and the fight
was labeled the robbery of the year. Oquendo was seen ment where he will represent his division and country.
as winning by Versus viewers and by all press row. Versus
analysts 115-113 & 116-112 respectively and compubox
numbers overwhelmingly favored Oquendo.
He fought Bruce Seldon on July 24, 2009 and defeated 2.28.4 References
him by knockout in the 9th round and which Seldon took
a knee in round 8 and in round 9 was knocked down and
• Professional boxing record for Fres Oquendo from
was counted out. In 2010 Oquendo became only the 2nd
BoxRec
man in 35 Pro fights to stop Demetrice King and gain the
USBA & NABA titles. He then fought former champion
Jean-Marc Mormeck and lost in a fight that Dan Rafael 2.29 Vincent Maddalone
called candidate for “robbery of the year”. Oquendo then
fought former heavyweight champion Oliver McCall in
Vincent Maddalone (born December 29, 1973 in
another split decision loss in December 2010.
Flushing, New York) is an American boxer and is a fringe
In 2011 Oquendo has remained dormant choosing to help contender in the heavyweight division.
prepare former WBA champion David Haye at the World
Famous Angelo Dundee's 5th St. Gym, where he himself Maddalone, a hard-hitting brawler, turned pro in 1999
trains, then fly to Austria to help WBC champion Vitali and is a popular fighter who is often featured on ESPN.
Klitschko prepare for his victory over Tomasz Adamek in He suffered his first loss against former titlist Al Cole, and
later fought twice against Brian Minto, coming up short
Poland.
in both fights.
As of June 2011 Fres has more rounds boxed as a Heavyweight than any of the 3 Heavyweight Champions and At 38, Vincent Maddalone stands at 6 foot 2 inches tall.
all of the top 10 Heavyweights in all 4 major govern- He was ranked 204th of out 1078 in the world. His trainer
ing bodies and is the only heavyweight in history to hold is Al Certo and his manager is Bobby Lancellotti. Madthe USBA, NABA, NABF, WBC, WBA & WBO Latino dalone has fought only 8 amateur fights.
belts. He is a 2 time World title Challenger and has been
ranked as high as number 3 in Ring Magazine.
2.29.1 Biography
In 2012 Fres made his return to the ring with a 2nd round
DQ, (originally scored a TKO) against World Record
holder Travis Fulton. Oquendo broke Fulton’s nose in the
1st round and preceded to land un-answered punches. In
round 2, although Fulton was game, Oquendo proved too
much for the experienced boxer. An MMA takedown of
Oquendo and excessive holding Fulton finally succumbed
to Oquendo’s arsenal. It was all over when the Ref waved
it off. Fulton thanked Oquendo for the opportunity and
was full of complements quoting “You were just too fast
and too strong”. Oquendo answered with a “Thank you
for fighting me and you are very very tough!".
Maddalone is the youngest of three boys, and was pitching minor league baseball for the Adirondack Lumberjacks of the independent Northern League when the idea
to enter a ToughMan contest first crossed his mind. He
fought Friday nights and Saturday nights and was instantly
hooked. A proud Italian American and a member of the
Teamsters, Maddalone says that he is fighting hard and
training hard to finally come to the day when it is just
him and the heavyweight champion alone in the ring. He
does admit that he had to learn quite a bit when going
professional because he never had long amateur career.
Oquendo had two consecutive win in 2012, one against
Joey Abell to win the WBA Fedelatin Championship via
TKO and followed up by a stoppage of veteran Robert
Hawkins. Oquendo broke his hand in the 3rd round,
yet still managed to stop the tough and durable Hawkins.
Oquendo fought June 8, 2013 to defend his WBA Fedelatin and also fight for the NABA and WBC US Silver
belt. In a tough fight against a durable Derric Rossy,
Maddalone has had two fights with Brian Minto, the first
on July 23, 2004, where Maddalone was stopped in the
10th and final round by knockout. Maddalone showed
that he is a strong puncher (knocking Minto down in the
very first round)and that he is very tough and can take a
lot of hits. His next fight with Minto on October 1, 2005
Maddalone was stopped again, this time in the 7th round
of 10 by a TKO. Maddalone has had some great success
76
in the ring, winning most of his fights (16) by TKO. When
he has knocked out opponents for a 10 count, it has been
in the 1st or 2nd rounds, showing he is an extremely hard
hitter.
Novice Championship and the 1986 Super-Heavyweight
Open Championship. In 1985 Savarese stopped (RSC2) Jonathan Hill of Gleason’s Gym in the finals to win
the Championship and in 1986 Savarese defeated Alex
Stewart of the Uptown Gym in the finals to win the
Championship. In 1987 Savarese advanced to the finals
2.29.2 Recent
of the Super Heavyweight Open division. He was to
have met future Heavyweight Champion Riddick Bowe
A fight against Evander Holyfield on March 17, 2007, but Savarese was injured and could not box. Savarese
ended in a loss by TKO when his corner threw in the trained at the Cage Recreation Center in White Plains,
towel in the third round. This defeat was followed by four New York. Savarese is originally from Greenwood Lake,
wins and a lost fight against Denis Boytsov in November New York. He now resides in Houston.
2008 and on April 28, 2009 he defeated Benji Baker by
fourth round retirement. Thereafter he lost by unanimous
decision against Jean Marc Mormeck but won his next 2.30.2 Professional career
fight against Dominique Alexander by way of technical
knockout in the fifth round.[1] On December 9, 2010 he Further information: Mike Tyson vs. Lou Savarese
lost fight against Tomasz Adamek who defended his IBF
International Heavyweight and WBO and NABO HeavySavarese, a Roberts Elementarian, began his professional
weight Titles.[2][3]
boxing career on April 30, 1989, knocking out James
On July 7, 2012 fought Tyson Fury in Hand Arena, Smith (not the former world Heavyweight champion) in
Clevedon, Somerset, UK for the WBO Intercontinental four rounds at Galveston, Texas. Savarese’s first win by
Title. He was beaten by ruling of TKO in the 5th round first round knockout came on his second fight, against
when the referee stopped the fight.[4]
Terrence Roberts, on May 25, at Atlantic City.
Savarese won his first eight fights by knockout. On April
19, 1990, Savarese was forced to fight an entire boxing
fight for the first time, when he defeated Mike Robinson
in Poughkeepsie, New York by a six round decision. He
proceeded to win his next seven fights by knockout, and,
• Professional boxing record for Vincent Maddalone in 1991, Kayo boxing cards published a trading card featuring Savarese.
from BoxRec
2.29.5
References
[1] http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=15816&
cat=boxer
On September 20 of that year, he and Robinson had a rematch, with Savarese knocking Robinson out in the fourth
round. His next fight, against Mike Faulkner on November 26, at White Plains, New York, resulted in a five
round disqualification win for Savarese.
On November 21, 1992 Savarese fought Larry Givens,
who is mostly famous for his incredible lack of success
adamek-maddalone-official-nj-vs-ny-december-9th-prudential-center/
[3] http://www.tomaszadamek.com.pl/en/content/show/9/
as a professional boxer. Givens retired with a record of
3-46. Savarese managed to KO Givens in the 2nd round.
[4] http://www.boxingscene.com/
Savarese ran his record to 36-0, with 30 knockouts,
photos-weights-tyson-fury-vinny-maddalone-ready-$-$54711
but he was a relatively unknown fighter: apart from the
1991 Kayo boxing trading card, no other type of media attempted to make Savarese’s name a household one,
partly because of the type of opposition he had met. Of
Savarese’s thirty six opponents, none was known to most
boxing fans. So the Savarese management team came
2.30 Lou Savarese
with an ingenious, and not very often seen, way to draw
the public’s attention towards Savarese: a Lou Savarese
Lou Savarese (born July 14, 1965) is an American for- fan club was created, and, by the middle 1990s, the fan
mer professional boxer from Houston, Texas.
club was being advertised on major boxing magazines,
such as Ring and KO. The advertisement offered free
membership to anyone, and promised free personalized,
autographed photos to each new member.
[5] Vinny Maddalone’s Professional Boxing Record –
BoxRec.com
Savarese won two New York Golden Gloves Champi- The idea worked, and Savarese was next faced with his
onships. Savarese won the 1985 Super-Heavyweight first relatively known opponent, Buster Mathis Jr.. This
2.31. SULTAN IBRAGIMOV
77
fight was for the NABF's vacant regional Heavyweight ti- Rhode in two rounds at Convention Center in Fort Smith,
tle, and Savarese won the title on November 1, 1996, by Arkansas. His record now stands at 44-6-36 ko’s.
knocking Mathis out in round seven, at Indio, California. Savarese is trained by Jesse Reid, who survived a shooting
Next was a major fight against former two time world in 1984 when another of his boxers, former WBC world
Heavyweight champion George Foreman. The fight was Jr. Welterweight champion Bruce Curry shot him two
held on April 26, 1997, in Atlantic City. It was Savarese’s days after losing to Billy Costello.
HBO Boxing television show's debut, and for the widely
Lou Savarese continued his comeback by stopping Travis
unrecognized WBU “world Heavyweight title”. While Fulton in 3 rounds on January 18, 2007, in Houston TX.
Savarese lost for the first time, he nevertheless impressed Savarese showed he still has decent ability and has now
boxing critics and fans, many of whom felt he deserved brought his record to 45-6-37 kos.
the split decision that was given to Foreman. Savarese
lost by scorecards of 110-118, 112-115 and a favorable On June 30, 2007, Savarese fought former Heavyweight
Champion Evander Holyfield. He fought with great heart
114-113.
but lost by decision to a sharp looking Holyfield. Savarese
Based on his performance against Foreman, the outcome announced after the fight that he had given it his all but it
of his next fight, against David Izon on November 1, was wasn't good enough, and this would be his last bout.
considered to be a mild upset. Savarese and Izon fought
at New York's famed Apollo Theater, and Savarese suffered his first knockout defeat, when Izon beat him in five 2.30.3 Acting career
rounds.
But Savarese would rebound by scoring two important Savarese has been featured in episodes of The Jury,
wins: on April 23, 1998, he defeated Jeff Lally by a Guiding Light, The Sopranos, Damages and Rescue Me
knockout in round two at the Sheraton Hotel in Hous- as well as the movie We Own the Night. He also played
ton, and then, on June 25, he scored what was arguably a lead role in ESPN’s documentary Cinderella Man: The
his biggest career win, beating James Douglas, a former James J. Braddock Story, for which he received excellent
world Heavyweight champion and the first man to beat reviews for his portrayal of boxer Max Baer. Other reMike Tyson, by knockout in the first round to pick the cent works include the independent film Nicky’s Game,
also widely unrecognized IBA's “World” Heavyweight ti- A Matter of Honor (film)|A Matter of Honor, and Knock,
Knock, a horror film in which he plays Rico, the villain.
tle.
After that, he fought only twice in 1999, winning a split
decision over then prospect Lance “Mount” Whitaker and 2.30.4 Professional boxing record
losing by ten round decision against future Lennox Lewis
world championship challenger Michael Grant, on June 2.30.5 External links
19 at New York’s Madison Square Garden.
• Savarese Promotions
More than one year later, on June 24, 2000, Savarese had
his first fight abroad, when he faced Tyson in Glasgow,
• Professional boxing record for Lou Savarese from
Scotland. The fight was stopped thirty eight seconds into
BoxRec
the first round. While attempting to stop Tyson, referee
John Coyle was accidentally pulled to the floor by him.
• Lou Savarese at the Internet Movie Database
Tyson was declared the winner by technical knockout.
Savarese remained active, and, after two wins, he beat
David Bostice on November 2, 2001 by a twelve-round
decision.
2.31 Sultan Ibragimov
Sultan-Ahmed
Magomedsalihovich
Ibragimov[1] (Russian: Султан-Ахмед Магомедсалихович
Ибрагимов ; born 8 March 1975, in Tlyarata, Dagestan
ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union), is a retired professional boxer and a former WBO heavyweight champion.
On March 15, 2003, he lost the title to former John
He is of Avar Dagestani [2] descent. He fought to become
Ruiz world title challenger Kirk Johnson, who knocked
a unified world champion in February 2008, losing to
Savarese out in four rounds at Dallas.
Wladimir Klitschko.
Attempting to win another regional Heavyweight title,
Savarese fought Leo Nolan, for the IBA’s vacant Americas Heavyweight title, but he lost to Nolan by a twelve 2.31.1 Amateur career
round unanimous decision on May 7, 2004. Lou Savarese
returned to the ring on March 18, 2006 stopping Marcus 2000 Silver medal as a heavyweight in the 2000 Summer
Olympics.
Another major win for Savarese came on September 22,
2002, when he beat former two-time world Heavyweight
champion Tim Witherspoon by a knockout in round five
at Friant, California.
78
Results:
• Defeated Pauga Laulau (Samoa) RSCO-4
• Defeated Jackson Chanet (France) PTS (18-13)
• Defeated Vladimer Tchanturia (Georgia) PTS (1914)
Ibragimov faced the heavy-handed WBO Heavyweight
Champion Shannon Briggs in Atlantic City, New Jersey
on 2 June 2007. With an exception of an early and late
pressure by Briggs in round one & twelve, rounds two to
eleven were mostly controlled by Ibragimov, out-boxing
his larger opponent with fast combinations.
On 13 October 2007, Sultan Ibragimov won his first title defense against the aging former heavyweight cham• Lost to Félix Savón (Cuba) PTS (13-21)
pion Evander Holyfield by unanimous decision[3] for the
WBO heavyweight title at Khodynka Arena in Moscow,
[4]
2000 Silver medal as a heavyweight at the European Russia.
Championship in Tampere, Finland.
Ibragimov fought Wladimir Klitschko on 23 February
Results:
2008 at Madison Square Garden. This fight was a uni• Defeated Primislav Dimovski (Macedonia) PTS
• Defeated Alexander Yatsenko (Ukraine) AB-3
fication bout laying the two fighters’ IBF, IBO, and WBO
titles on the line. This was the only title unification since
1999 when Lennox Lewis and Evander Holyfield fought.
• Defeated Andreas Gustavsson (Sweden)
• Lost to Jackson Chanet (France) DSQ
2008: Unification Bout Vs Klitschko
He was defeated by Wladimir Klitschko by way of a unan2001 Bronze medal at the World Championships in imous decision. Ibragimov had his moments, but for the
Belfast, Northern Ireland.
most part was unable to get past Klitschko’s long jab and
Results:
occasional straight right hand, he struggled to land any
significant punches on his larger opponent.
• Defeated Stephen Reynolds (Ireland) RSC-2
• Defeated Kubrat Pulev (Bulgaria) PTS
• Lost to Odlanier Solis (Cuba) PTS (13-23)
2.31.2
Professional career
2002-2006: Prospect to Contender
2.31.3 Retirement
In February 2009 there were rumors about Ibragimov’s retirement from boxing following his loss to
Wladimir Klitschko,[5] which were later confirmed in July
2009.[6][7]
Ibragimov turned professional and rose through the
heavyweight ranks by knocking out journeymen Al Cole, 2.31.4
Zuri Lawrence, Friday Ahunanya and Lance Whitaker.
Personal life
On 28 July 2007, Sultan’s record became 19-0-1 when he Ibragimov is married. He is Muslim by faith.[8]
fought to a draw with Ray Austin in a grueling 12 round
IBF heavyweight title eliminator.
2.31.5 Trivia
2007: WBO Heavyweight Champion & Holyfield
Bout
Despite the draw against Ray Austin, Ibragimov received
a title shot from another sanctioning organization, the
WBO. He was scheduled to challenge Shannon Briggs
for the WBO heavyweight title on 10 March 2007, but
because Briggs became ill with pneumonia, Ibragimov
instead faced Javier Mora at Madison Square Garden in
New York on that date. Ibragimov knocked out Mora 46
seconds into the first round. This win broke the record
for the quickest knockout in a main event bout in Madison Square Garden, which was previously held by Lee
Savold who defeated Buddy Walker in 1948.
• He is only the fifth southpaw heavyweight champion
in history.[9] The others are Michael Moorer, Corrie
Sanders, Chris Byrd, and Ruslan Chagaev, however
only Moorer was an authentic lineal champion—
Ibragimov and Sanders held the WBO belt, whereas
Byrd and Chagaev won vacant belts whilst someone
else was widely considered the premier heavyweight.
• Sultan’s cousin, Timur Ibragimov, is also a
heavyweight professional boxer. However, Sultan fights for Russia, while Timur represents
Uzbekistan.[10][11]
2.32. NIKOLAI VALUEV
79
2.31.6
2.32.1 Biography
2.31.7
References
Valuev was born on 21 August 1973, in Leningrad,
Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now St. Petersburg,
Russia). He also had a Tatar grandfather.[1][2][3]
[1]
He has three young children, daughter Irina and son Grisha (Grigoriy), his third child, son Sergei, was born on 30
[3] Daily Telegraph Issue No.47,327 (Friday 3 August July 2012. In his professional boxing career Valuev has
2007)Holyfield steps back into the ring Article by been defeated only twice by Ruslan Chagaev and David
Gareth A. Davies
Haye.
[2] Shannon Briggs Says Nyet
[4] ESPN - Holyfield replaces Chagaev as Ibragimov’s opponent - Boxing
[5] http://www.klitschkoblog.com/2009/02/
sultan-ibragimov-retires.html
4367766
sultan-ibragimov-retires-boxing
[8] Shannon Brigs Says Nyet
[9] Chagaev Vs. Ibragimov heats up
Valuev is a Russian Orthodox Christian.[4] During his
youth he played water polo and basketball.
Valuev has written a book in Russian called My 12
Rounds, with the help of prominent Russian sports journalist Konstantin Osipov.[5] The book discusses his life in
general and his boxing career in particular. For that book,
Valuev received an award from the government of St. Petersburg.[6] The book was presented in St. Petersburg on
5 February 2007.
In January 2006 Valuev was accused of assaulting a security guard at the Spartak Ice Palace in St. Petersburg,
Russia. No criminal investigation was ever launched by
local police.[7][8]
[10] Q&A Timur Ibragimov: “I am the best.”
[11] http://www.mma365.com/interviews/sultan_ibragimov.
html
First reign as WBA champion
2.31.8
External links
In 2005, Valuev squared off with WBA heavyweight
champion John Ruiz, and won a twelve-round majority• Professional boxing record for Sultan Ibragimov decision, becoming both the tallest (2.1 m or 7 ft) and
from BoxRec
heaviest (323 lbs) champion in boxing history.[9] In his
first defence he defeated challenger Owen Beck (25–3, 18
• Sultan Ibragimov Fight-by-Fight Career Record
KOs) by a third-round technical knockout in Hannover,
Germany. In October 2006, Valuev fought Monte Barrett
• Boxing-Encyclopedia
and defeated him with a technical knockout in the 11th
round. In January 2007, Valuev fought Jameel McCline
•
(38–6–3, 23 KOs) in St. Jakobshalle, Basel, Switzerland.
Valuev won the match, successfully defending his title,
after McCline was not able to continue the bout after in2.32 Nikolai Valuev
juring his knee when throwing a punch near the end of
the 3rd round.
Nikolai Sergeyevich Valuev (born August 21, 1973) is
a Russian former professional boxer. He is a former twotime WBA heavyweight champion. After a professional Loss of WBA title to Chagaev
career spanning 16 years, Valuev officially retired from
the sport in November 2009. His final fight was a WBA The title defence was held on 14 April 2007. Chagaev
heavyweight title defense against David Haye, in which defeated Valuev by a majority decision (117–111, 115–
he was defeated by majority decision after twelve rounds. 113 and 114–114).
Valuev has defeated three world champions in John Ruiz,
Siarhei Liakhovich and Evander Holyfield, as well as top
contenders such as Clifford Etienne, Larry Donald, Owen
Beck, Monte Barrett and Jameel McCline.
Valuev changed trainers, from Manuel Gabrielian to
Alexander Zimin, who coached the old Soviet Union amateur boxing team.
On 29 September 2007, Valuev won against JeanHe is currently residing in St. Petersburg, Russia with his Francois Bergeron in Oldenburg, Germany, by a
wife and two children.
12-round unanimous decision (118–111 on all three
80
cards).[10]
Second reign as WBA champion
In a 16 February 2008, title eliminator, Valuev defeated
former titleholder Sergei Liakhovich from Belarus, winning every round at the Nuremberg Arena in Germany.[11]
The victory earned Valuev the right to face Chagaev for
the WBA title again, the only man who had defeated him
in his boxing career. He was scheduled to face Chagaev
for his WBA title on 5 July 2008, but Chagaev pulled out
with an injury. Valuev instead fought John Ruiz for the
vacant title on 30 August 2008 and the WBA decided to
make Chagaev “Champion In Recess”. Valuev defeated
Ruiz by unanimous decision to regain the WBA heavyweight championship, with Valuev and Chagaev set to
fight no later than 26 June 2009 to determine whom the
WBA regarded as their champion.[12] Their scheduled rematch on 30 May 2009 was cancelled due to Chagaev’s
viral infection and on 24 July 2009, when the WBA published their Official Ratings as of June 2009, Chagaev
was no longer the “Champion In Recess” but the No. 1
challenger instead.
2.32.3 Acting career and advertising
Valuev’s first role in a film was a cameo appearance in
the German film 7 Zwerge – Der Wald ist nicht genug
in 2006.[20] In 2008 Valuev played the main role in the
film Stonehead by Philip Yankovskiy, playing an ex-boxer
who lost his memory.[21] The film took the main prize
at the film festival “Window to Europe”.[22] After the
success of Stonehead, it was announced Valuev is being
filmed in two new films at the same time.[23]
Nikolai Valuev has participated in several photo and
video advertisements of various products and services. In
November 2009 he signed a promotional contract with a
German sausage manufacturer, making Valuev the face
of the company’s advertisement campaign for five years.
Nikolai Valuev is also planning to open a family restaurant in Germany. In August 2010, Valuev signed a promotional contract with Pokerstars poker portal, which is
going to achieve professional success in this game.
Valuev’s distinctive appearance and fame have occasionally attracted the use of his images in advertising without
his permission. In particular, the Penza theatre “Contemporary” for some time before the movie showing the film,
where Nikolai Valuev acts as a man who punishes the audience disturbing others. Nikolai Valuev, upon learning
about this, sued the theatre for damages amounting to 2
million rubles. In 2011, Nikolai Valuev is involved in the
advertising power of “Interskol” as well as in advertising
MTS.
Valuev’s first title defence of his second reign as WBA
Champion was against the 46-year old, four-time heavyweight champion of the world, Evander Holyfield, on
20 December 2008. Before the match, Valuev weighed
310.8 pounds (141 kg), nearly 100 pounds heavier than
Holyfield at 214.3 pounds (97 kg).[13] After a rather uneventful match with no knockdowns and few punches
thrown by either fighter, Valuev won a widely disputed 2.32.4 Political career
majority decision.[14][15] In response to the controversial result The WBA announced plans to investigate the In December 2011 Russian parliamentary election he
decision.[16]
became a member of Duma through the United Russia
Party. On 17 December 2012, Valuev supported[24] the
law in the Russian Parliament banning adoption of RusLoss of WBA title to Haye
sian orphans by citizens of the US.
In his second defence, Valuev lost his title on 7 November 2009 against former unified and lineal cruiserweight 2.32.5 Involvement in other sports
champion David Haye in Nuremberg on points (114–114,
116–112, 116–112).[17]
In 2011, Valuev became the General Manager of Russia
national bandy team and he also has as a task to develop
the so-called Russian hockey in the country.[25][26] He is
also the Vice-President of the All Russian Bandy FederRetirement from boxing and health problems
ation. Bandy is considered a national sport in Russia.[27]
Valuev announced his retirement from boxing in a Russian newspaper three days after the loss to Haye on 10
2.32.6 Nikolai Valuev Boxing School
November 2009.
In 2010, Valuev’s doctor went on record saying that he is
treating Valuev for “serious bone and joint problems”.[18]
Valuev underwent two operations that required at least six
months on the sidelines.
In 2009, Nikolai Valuev, together with a group of
coaches, created “Nikolay Valuev Boxing School” with
offices in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast. The
school is based on three types of age groups: pupils
Valuev confirmed in 2013 that medical advice was one (school terms 3-5), students (terms 6-8) and adults.
of the reasons he is not planning to make a comeback in School pupils participate and compete in various boxboxing.[19]
ing matches, including the “Valuev Cup” youth boxing
2.32. NIKOLAI VALUEV
81
tournament, which became a regular competition in St. [11] “Valuev dominates Liakhovich!".
Petersburg.[28]
[12] “Ruslan Chagaev”.
2.32.7
Valuev Youth Sports Foundation
[13] Holyfield, 46, faces Valuev for heavyweight title,
Associated Press, 20 December 2008.
The Valuev Foundation was opened on 13 September [14] http://www.badlefthook.com/2008/12/20/698616/
holyfield-robbed-of-win-ov
2010. The fund was established to promote regular physical exercise among young people to enable children of
[15] http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?
different social backgrounds play sports, to further their
id=3786752
education and strengthen the principles of sport, as well
as spread the ideals of sports into other areas.
[16] http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/dec/30/
boxing-evander-holyfield-nikolai-valuev
2.32.8
Filmography
• 2001 - The town, Issue № 89
• 2003 - Playing without rules - cameo
• 2006 - 7 Zwerge – Der Wald ist nicht genug - cameo
• 2008 - Rock Head - Yegor Golovin “Rock Head”
• 2009 - Path - a prisoner nicknamed “The Beast”
• 2009 - Fight without rules - Nicholas Shafts
• 2011 - Antique Watches - cameo
• 2013 - Bigfoot Files - Himself
2.32.9
2.32.10
References
[1] Размер имеет значение
[2] Валуев стал еще сильнее, а Ляхович попал в больницу
– бокс, Валуев – Росбалт-Петербург
[3] Николай “Beast from the east” Валуев » Paradyz.ru
[4] Священник, бывший боксер-любитель, благословил
Валуева на бой с Руизом Православие.Ru
[5] Мои 12 раундов[My 12 rounds] (in Russian). TimeOut
Moscow. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
[6] "Николай Валуев получил литературную премию за
автобиографию – Бокс/MMA”. Sports.ru. Retrieved
2010-07-28.
[7] “Valuev: “I faced with typical Russian boorishness aggravated with alcohol"". Rin.ru. 2007-01-21.
[8] “Russia’s 'Beast from the East' in security guard assault
scandal”. RIA Novosti. 2006-01-26.
[9] 7-foot giant claims WBA heavyweight title – BoxingNBC Sports. Nbcsports.msnbc.com (2005-12-17). Retrieved on 2011-04-19.
[10] Rafael, Dan (2007-08-14). “Ex-champ Valuev to fight
Bergeron in Germany”. ESPN.
[17] “Loss to David Haye – BBC Website”. BBC News. 200911-07. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
[18] “Valuev future in doubt”. Sky Sports. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
[19] “Ex-champ Valuev talks Klitschko reign, Haye v Fury and
retirement”. Through care, as well as health and medical
recommendations, I was advised that fighting would not
be good for me and so I will stay retired.
[20] “7 Zwerge full cast”. imdb.com. Retrieved 2012-11-03.
[21] Кинопанорама – Блог команды Николая Валуева –
Бокс – Sports.ru
[22] "Кинокартина с участием Валуева получила приз
кинофестиваля "Окно в Европу" – Бокс/MMA”.
Sports.ru. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
[23] "Валуев снимается сразу в трех фильмах
Бокс/MMA”. Sports.ru. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
–
[24]
[25] Bandy information on the official home page of Nikolai
Valuev
[26] 'Beast from the East' welcomed into national bandy team
setup
[27] “Russian bandy players blessed for victory at world championship in Kazan”. Tatar-Inform. 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
[28] Николай Валуев открыл школу бокса в Петербурге[Nikolai Valuev opened a boxing school in Peterburg]
(in Russian). Baltinfo. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 21
May 2013.
[29] Nikolay Valuev – Boxer. Boxrec.com. Retrieved on
2011-04-19.
• Professional boxing record for Nikolai Valuev from
BoxRec
• Valuev interview
• Valuev interview
82
• (German) Personal page from promoter
• (Russian) Official personal site
but was denied a victory and received a majority draw
with two judges scoring it 94-94 and one judge scoring it
95-93 in favor of Botha. This was in Etienne’s hometown.
• Boxing-Encyclopedia
• datos y curiosidades sobre Nikolai Valuev en espanol
2.33 Francois Botha
Comeback
Francois Botha (born 28 September 1968, in Witbank, In July 2007, Botha returned to boxing with a unanimous
Mpumalanga), also known as Frans Botha, is a South decision victory over Bob Mirovic in a fight held in South
Africa. Botha dominated the fight with two judges holdAfrican boxer, nicknamed “The White Buffalo”.
ing Botha won all twelve rounds and one judge ruling he
Botha is best known for winning the IBF World Heavy- won ten of twelve. The bout was for the interim WBF
weight title in Germany against Axel Schulz in 1995, a World Heavyweight title.
title for which he was later stripped after testing positive
for steroids. Botha also lost heavyweight world title fights On 6 February 2009, Botha beat Ron “Rocky” Guerrero
against Lennox Lewis and Wladimir Klitschko. Botha by unanimous decision for the vacant WBF heavyweight
has competed in numerous kickboxing and mixed mar- title in South Africa. He successfully defended his WBF
title against Timo Hoffmann on 15 May 2009 in Gertial arts events.
many, winning the fight by split decision.
Botha was scheduled to box Joey Abell on 27 March 2010
(postponed from the earlier date of 16 January 2010) at
the Uganda Nelson Mandela Memorial Stadium in KamEarly career
pala, Uganda.[2][3][4] On 10 January, the World Boxing
Foundation executive has decided to vacate the WBF
Main articles: Mike Tyson vs. Francois Botha and
World Heavyweight Title due to Botha not defending
Lennox Lewis vs. Francois Botha
within the agreed time limit.
2.33.1
Boxing career
Botha has had a relatively distinguished career as a heavyweight boxer, having fought several world heavyweight
champions including Mike Tyson, Shannon Briggs, Axel
Schulz, Michael Moorer, Lennox Lewis and Wladimir
Klitschko. Botha suffered a fifth round knockout to Mike
Tyson, and the famous fight with Shannon Briggs, which
ended in a draw.
Botha had a victory in 1995 against Germany’s Axel
Schulz to win the IBF heavyweight Championship, but
later tested positive for the steroid nandrolone [1] he and
his camp claimed to be prescribed by a doctor for an arm
injury. The result of the fight was then changed to a “No
Contest” and the IBF do not recognize Botha as former
champion, although Botha was introduced as a former
champ in every single professional boxing contest he has
engaged in since.
In 1996 “The White Buffalo” bounced back with a courageous effort with Michael Moorer for the IBF crown on
the undercard of Mike Tyson’s first contest with Evander
Holyfield. Moorer knocked him out in the twelfth round.
This eventually led to fights with Mike Tyson, Shannon
Briggs, and heavyweight title showdowns with Lennox
Lewis and Wladimir Klitschko. Botha came up on the
short end via knockout in both of those encounters for
the heavyweight title.
Four months after the Klitschko fight, Botha fought contender Clifford Etienne, and knocked him down twice,
On 10 April 2010 Botha lost via knockout in the 8th
round to Evander Holyfield at the Thomas and Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Holyfield won the WBF heavyweight title for his victory.
Since then, Botha has won against former undefeated
South African prospect Flo Simba. He then fought
Michael Grant for the vacant WBF heavyweight title and
was leading on the scorecards when he was knocked out
with a long right hand from Grant with seconds remaining
in the contest.[5] Two fights later, Botha fought Francesco
Pianeta, who was undefeated in 29 fights, losing the 10
round bout on points.
He was due to fight New Zealand dual-international
Sonny Bill Williams in Brisbane on 24 November 2012.
However, the fight was cancelled and moved to February. Finally the Williams fight did take place in Brisbane.
However, only 10 out of a publicised 12 rounds were
fought. Bout judges awarded the fight to the New Zealand
Champion on points. Since that night in Brisbane there
has been a lot of talk in the media, ranging from a failed
drugs test, to no drugs testing at all, no WBA official
present at the bout, and one fight judge stated that the
first he heard about the fight being 10 rounds was from the
arena announcer. However, despite all the media speculation, the WBA has confirmed that the fight was legitimate and Williams the recognised International heavyweight title-holder.[6] Botha is hoping for a possible rematch against Williams in Cape Town.
2.35. BRIAN NIELSEN
2.33.2
83
Kickboxing and mixed martial arts heavyweight boxer. For a while he was predicted to capture the heavyweight championship of the world.
career
From 2003-2006 Botha participated several times in the
kickboxing combat sport, K-1. His current K-1 record
is 4-11, with two wins coming against K-1/Kickboxing 2.34.1 Professional career
legends Jerome Le Banner and Peter Aerts. Botha’s final
K-1 match was a 3 round decision loss to Jorgen Kruth on Williams’ first notable win after turning pro in 1997 came
20 May 2006 in a K-1 superfight in Stockholm, Sweden. in 1999 when he won against the previously unbeaten
Botha also had one mixed martial arts fight. On 31 De- Frank Wood in just two rounds. In 2000, he fought
cember 2004 he lost to Yoshihiro Akiyama via an armbar against Jameel McCline in a match that ended in a 10round draw. He followed this up with a six round desubmission in the first round.
cision against Cisse Salif. He won the WBA FEDEOn 14 October, Botha beat Espedito Da Silva by KO at CARIBE Heavyweight title on December 6, 2003. Two
K-1 Rules Africa Bomba-Yaa 2006.
years later, Williams won the WBC CABOFE on DecemBotha made a return to kickboxing in 2008. On 30 March ber 5, 2005, defeating Willie Perryman in the undercard
2008, Botha defeated muay thai kickboxer Kaoklai Kaen- match of the Winky Wright/Sam Soliman Middleweight
norsing at The KHAN in Seoul, Korea by decision. He bout. This was followed by the NBA Heavyweight tilost to French kickboxer “Le Gentleman” Gregory Tony tle on March 31, 2006. On July 28, Williams defeated
Josh Gutcher 71 seconds into the first round. Upon his
at WFC 6 on 27 September 2008 in Bulgaria.
return to the Bahamas Williams made his eight consecutive victory on April 18, 2007, defeating Wade Lewis
with a first round KO. On January 22, 2011 Williams
fought against Evander Holyfield at The Greenbrier in
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Holyfield started
2.33.4 Kickboxing record
the bout slowly and in the second round, he was cut in the
left eye following an accidental clash of heads. In round
2.33.5 Mixed martial arts record
three as he took several combinations. After the end of
the round, Holyfield told his corner that he was unable to
2.33.6 References
see due to the cut. Consequently, the bout was ruled a no
[1] “BOXING;Botha Tests Positive Again”. The New York contest. Williams admitted his frustrations to the press,
telling them that after the fiasco he was considering takTimes. 27 January 1996.
ing fights in Europe. In 2012, he pulled off an upset win
[2] “Holyfield v Botha fight in Uganda is delayed”. BBC News. over Chauncy Welliver, before losing to Robert Helenius.
4 January 2010.
In June 2013, he was outpointed by Gerald Washington.
[3] “Dan Rafael”. ESPN.com.
[4] “BoxRec Boxing Records”.
[5] “Frans Botha - Boxer”.
[6] Boxing: Nasser blamed for confusion over fight, by
Patrick McKendry, nzherald.co.nz, dated 7 March 2013.
2.33.7
External links
• Professional boxing record for Sherman Williams
from BoxRec
• Professional boxing record for Francois Botha from
BoxRec
• Professional MMA record for Francois Botha from
Sherdog
2.35 Brian Nielsen
• Profile at K-1
For other people named Brian Nielsen, see Brian Nielsen
(disambiguation).
2.34 Sherman Williams
Brian Nielsen (born April 1, 1965 in Korsør) is a retired
Danish professional boxer. He is the former IBO and
Sherman Alexander Williams (born September 1, International Boxing Council (IBC) Heavyweight Cham1972 in Freeport, Bahamas) is a Bahamian professional pion.
84
2.35.1
Amateur career
attract attention. He went to on to hold the minor IBO
belt during an unbeaten streak equalling that of legend
During his amateur career, Nielsen had 104 victories with Rocky Marciano (but holding a title and fighting oppoonly 7 losses. He won bronze medals in the super heavy- nents of far lesser recognition). He later held the minor
weight division at the 1991 European Championships and IBC belt.
the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona where he gained local
popularity by goofing around during the bouts.
Nielsen became good friends with some of Korsor ABK’s
best boxers, Mark Hulstrøm and Kenneth Franklin, and
it was friendships that brought Nielsen to boxing. His
trainer, Johnny Antonsen, was originally opposed to
Nielsen’s wish to actually fight. For a long time he simply refused to let Brian Nielsen box real bouts because
he thought Nielsen’s presumed low ability would be bad
publicity for his club.
2.35.3 Tyson fight
On 13 October 2001, Nielsen fought Mike Tyson at the
Parken Stadium in Denmark. After six rounds heavily in
Tyson’s favour, Nielsen quit on his stool citing an eye injury. Nielsen was knocked down once in the third round.
2.35.4 Announced comeback and Holyfield
fight
After persistent pressure from Nielsen, Antonsen finally
relented. However, he did not want Brian Nielsen to box
on home ground, because the local spectators in Korsor
should not be exposed to such a bad boxer. Instead, Brian
Nielsen was sent to Svendborg, where Johnny Antonsen
had arranged a match against the local hero Carsten Dahl.
The severely overweight and technically weak Nielsen
was a clear underdog. Antonsen did not even want to
follow his boxer to Svendborg, because he was afraid of
being laughed at. Instead, Nielsen was seconded by his
good friend and fellow boxer, Kenneth Franklin.
On February 8, 2010, Brian Nielsen told reporters
that he was prepared to return to the ring, after 8
years of absence,[1] and that a proposed fight against
Evander Holyfield had been met with interest by both
sides.[2] Though originally thought unrealistic by former
promoter Mogens Palle, due to Nielsen’s bad knee,[3]
Nielsen’s comeback was confirmed by Nielsen’s promoter
Sauerland Event on June 1, 2010.
Nielsen met Holyfield on May 7, 2011 in a World Boxing
Federation (WBF) title bout, in Copenhagen. Holyfield
won the fight, knocking Nielsen down in the 3rd with a
left hook and stopping him by TKO in the 10th. Nielsen
afterwards said that he did not understand the decision
to stop him, although he was in the corner receiving a
Nielsen’s later fights followed the same pattern: He did
lot of blows. He added that he wanted a re-match with
not look good boxing, but he won the vast majority of
Holyfield.
his matches. He was both Zealand champion and Danish champion for five consecutive years (1988-1992), and
also won numerous international tournaments. His career 2.35.5 Controversy
as an amateur ended after the Olympics in Barcelona in
1992 where he won the bronze. In the semifinals he lost to At a press conference prior to the Mike Tyson fight,
the powerful Cuban Roberto Balado. The match was no- Nielsen called Tyson an “abekat” which was erroneously
table for Balado mocking Nielsen’s sluggish approach by translated as “monkey”. The Tyson camp took great ofdancing and moving his feat rapidly. Nielsen responded fense at this supposed racial slur, and Tyson himself deby jiggling his hips. Ballado won 15 to 1.
clared, “This will make me punish him even more than I
The fear turned out to be unfounded. Nielsen easily
beat Dahl, winning the bout by knockout in the second
round. Dahl later got the opportunity for revenge, but
again Nielsen won by knockout.
In total, Nielsen boxed 111 fights as an amateur and won
104. He only took a count once in amateur career, and
only once was he stopped before time - during a European
Championship bout, where he suffered a cut near one of
his eyes.
2.35.2
Pro career
Nielsen’s pro career looked unpromising at first, and his
first professional match is remembered in Denmark for
the very negative description Nielsen was given by commentator Knud Esmann. However, after his win over 41
year old ex-World Boxing Association champion James
'Bonecrusher' Smith in October 1994, Nielsen began to
had planned.”[4] The controversy over the remark calmed
down when the expression was clarified to the media by
Danish linguists as having no racial connotations and simply meaning “brat” in Danish.[5]
Controversy arose in early 2004, when journeyman
heavyweight Thomas Williams stated that he had been
bribed to throw his fight against Nielsen in March, 2000.
Along with promoter Robert Mitchell, Williams was indicted by the United States District Court for the District
of Nevada for match fixing in order to promote the career of white heavyweight hope Richie Melito, and it was
during the FBI’s investigation of that case that Williams
admitted to intentionally losing to Nielsen. The fix was
arranged by promoter Robert Mittleman, a frequent associate of Nielsen’s promoter Mogens Palle, who later con-
2.35. BRIAN NIELSEN
85
fessed that he had been paid $1,000, while Williams had
received “up to $40,000” from Palle in order to lose the
fight. Williams, Mitchell and Mittleman were all found
guilty of sports bribery by the court in November and December, 2004.[6][7]
The Nielsen vs. Williams fight was the 57th of Nielsen’s
career and was one of the fights leading to his meeting
with Tyson. Both Nielsen and Mogens Palle denied any
knowledge of match fixing in media statements, and the
findings of the American case did not lead to criminal
proceedings in Denmark, and Nielsen was not accused of
any wrongdoing.
2.35.6
2.35.7
References
[1] “Super-Brian på vej til comeback”.
2010-02-09.
Jyllands-Posten.
[2] “Holyfield: Det lyder som en “great fight"". JyllandsPosten. 2010-02-09.
[3] “Palle: Comeback helt ude i hampen”. Jyllands-Posten.
2010-02-09.
[4] “Tyson angered by alleged remark by Nielsen”. ESPN.
2001-10-12. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
[5] James Lawton (2001-10-13). “Boxing: Trapped Tyson
must satisfy the paymasters”. The Independent. Archived
from the original (REPRINT) on 2007-07-15. Retrieved
2007-07-12.
[6] “FIGHTER, BOXING PROMOTER CONVICTED OF
SPORTS BRIBERY”. U.S. Department of Justice. 200411-04. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
[7] “BOXING PROMOTER SENTENCED FOR FIXING
FIGHTS”. U.S. Department of Justice. 2004-11-04. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
[8] “Brian Nielsen - Boxer”. Boxrec.com. Retrieved 201207-15.
2.35.8
External links
• Professional boxing record for Brian Nielsen from
BoxRec
Chapter 3
Text and image sources, contributors, and
licenses
3.1 Text
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Furrykef, K1Bond007, Jerzy, Francs2000, Bearcat, Robbot, Dale Arnett, ZimZalaBim, Academic Challenger, Spike, SoLando, HaeB,
DocWatson42, Chowbok, Gadfium, Geni, R. fiend, One Salient Oversight, Marc Mongenet, Sam Hocevar, TJSwoboda, Ukexpat, Dcandeto, D6, Freakofnurture, Guanabot, Paul August, Bender235, ESkog, MattTM, Closeapple, Aecis, Bookofjude, TMC1982, Bobo192,
Billymac00, John Vandenberg, Richi, Nicke Lilltroll, Josquin~enwiki, Rajah, Rje, Idleguy, Pearle, Ommnomnomgulp, Corax, Alansohn,
Gary, Sbeath, Maya Levy, Paradiso, Yamla, Calton, Bart133, Snowolf, Pcpcpc, Ibeb1, Angr, Woohookitty, LOL, FPAtl, WadeSimMiser,
Peacefulvalley, Damicatz, GregorB, Liface, Essjay, Turnstep, James26, JIP, Grammarbot, JOEFIXIT, Ashiro, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, Rogerd,
Jweiss11, Jake Wartenberg, Wahkeenah, Vegaswikian, BrothaTimothy, FlaBot, Brian Callahan, Gurch, RobyWayne, Phatcat68, Igordebraga, Zimbabweed, YurikBot, Jimp, Kafziel, RussBot, FrenchIsAwesome, MJR, ArcTheLad, Dedade8, Stalmannen, Dorado~enwiki,
CambridgeBayWeather, NawlinWiki, Irk, Golfcam, NickBush24, Jaxl, Welsh, Thiseye, Irishguy, StockMail, DGJM, Rwalker, MrBark,
DeadEyeArrow, Mistercow, Elkman, Drqshadow, Bdell555, Nezperci, Zzuuzz, Closedmouth, Steveweiser, Lil Flip246, Dubbya9, DaltinWentsworth, NeilN, Patiwat, Liujiang, Jagz, Neier, SmackBot, Looper5920, Skudrafan1, Brianyoumans, KnowledgeOfSelf, Hydrogen
Iodide, Paxse, JimBarbasol, Onebravemonkey, Alsandro, IstvanWolf, Doom jester, Portillo, Betacommand, Chris the speller, Bkburner,
Darius Dhlomo, CSWarren, AWeenieMan, Colonies Chris, Onkelschark, GoodDay, Scwlong, George Ho, OrphanBot, Tim Pierce, Yarl,
Jmlk17, Sweetalkinguy, Warhol13, RLipstock, Nakon, Liddelr, Metamagician3000, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Catapult, Ckatz, DavePretty,
SkippyNZ, DragonWR12LB, AEMoreira042281, Midusunknown, Caiaffa, Stanley011, Wwagner, TJ Spyke, Bluefret, Khan3817, Otduff, Iridescent, Sasaki, Joseph Solis in Australia, Wikipediatastic, Courcelles, Adam sk, Woodshed, Tawkerbot2, Jh12, De mortuis...,
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Thijs!bot, Tyman 101, Epbr123, Qwyrxian, Papa1472008, TonyTheTiger, Crippler4, A3RO, Phoe, Miller17CU94, Dbeatty, BokicaK,
AnemoneProjectors, Prolog, AaronY, David136a, Mackan79, Golf Bravo, Kariteh, Leuko, Altairisfar, Kedi the tramp, Wwb, Little-al90,
Alfredrole50, Bogart3, Thundernlightning, Xeno, Reign of Toads, Hut 8.5, East718, Toglenn, Game wryter, Iakinw1, Magioladitis, Zakahori, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Fbdave, JNW, Vintagekits, Jackboogie, Civicsi99, Gabe1972, Sjack80, Wayman975,
Animum, Micool, Rgoldberg, Eqdoktor, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, Thesaddestday, PassionoftheDamon, Lijnema, Garik 11, Richiesullivan,
Aeaean Circe, MartinBot, AlexiusHoratius, YSHOULDUKNOW123, Sddoc, Brain Rodeo, J.delanoy, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Thunder77, Yonidebot, Pansycritter, A Nobody, Scholarus, SaskatchewanSenator, Skier Dude, Montespiker, RoboMaxCyberSem, Dividing,
Jonnyhammo, Stevemor909, Everydayboredom1980, Saukenprince, Quitano, Greatestrowerever, Tbone762, Woah321x, S, GrahamHardy,
Fighterforjc, Filipo, German.Knowitall, TVShoppingU, McNoddy~enwiki, VolkovBot, One Night In Hackney, Kachyna, Ddtfamily, Wiseman75, Zakul, Drestros power, Riggski, Chinchilla94, JhsBot, Broadbot, LeaveSleaves, Amog, Dan the Man1983, Bearian, Gibson Flying
V, Maxim, Shelka04, Semaj27119, Bashereyre, Nakasi, Milkman519, TravelingCat, Onemangang, Gareth m81, Chris Bulgin, Entirelybs,
Truthanado, AlleborgoBot, Creet, MrChupon, Torag7, Maengpong, BE666, SportsInt, Matt.s.wise, Mikemoral, John ISEM, Bash Kash,
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Wikiboykid, EveryDayJoe45, Peteandjenn, MMAfan2007, Cg29692, Iq145, ImageRemovalBot, JML8142, DreamsAreMadeOf, Johnbomb, ClueBot, Sennen goroshi, JohnnyFreedoms, The Thing That Should Not Be, All Hallow’s Wraith, Icarusgeek, Wwefan1991, Clinton Baptiste, Bluedogtn, Jimmyg9769, Joao Xavier, Normer, CounterVandalismBot, Auntof6, 718 Bot, Robbie098, Andy pyro, Siwhat,
Kewstu, Gurney50, Fep70, NiciVampireHeart, RC-0722, Ivegotmaddie, Sixtytwohundred, Linkel, Johnohsee, Muro Bot, Polly, Thingg,
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Sugarrayhatton, Ivor Longfellow, Gad905, Roaddawg71, LemieuxNHL66, RandySavageFTW, NWOwned, AnEternalEnigma, Peench639,
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Beast from da East, Tassedethe, Numbo3-bot, Lightbot, Vegaswikian1, Legobot, Baresiboy, Luckas-bot, Yobot, 2D, Townsclear~enwiki,
Ayrton Prost, Southgater, DollbabyMelissa, Tempodivalse, AnomieBOT, ThaddeusB, BarberJP, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, Gumby2008,
Citation bot, Frankenpuppy, Infinityaw2002, Sb1990, Davinci34, Litestudios, GrouchoBot, GorgeCustersSabre, Bazbaz30, Luciandrei,
White whirlwind, Joaquin008, WHPratt, FrescoBot, Kembb001, Hell in a Bucket, Robyonone, Stevey396, Ladril, Str8cash, Aca Srbin,
Full-date unlinking bot, Callanecc, Arivald, RjwilmsiBot, AFineHog, WikitanvirBot, Mk5384, Arilicious, Kid PacMan, Jim Michael,
Werieth, Movieguruman, Stevieboyni82, SporkBot, Someone65, Bjermaine, ClueBot NG, Cmcalpine, 19michael1990, Joefromrandb,
86
3.1. TEXT
87
David-golota, Frietjes, Widr, North Atlanticist Usonian, Jahalive, Captain Marshalls, Lowercase sigmabot, BG19bot, Username7212345,
BizarreLoveTriangle, Smk1423, TheShadowCrow, Harizotoh9, Wikiz876, Dakota5369, User38563, Hill Gate, BattyBot, Teammm, Janekouch, Cyberbot II, ChrisGualtieri, Americium-con, BoxingGoMan, Dexbot, BearMan998, Rotlink, Jodosma, SnoozeKing, KingOfLimbs,
JitsuFighter, Naue7 and Anonymous: 467
• Dwight Muhammad Qawi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight%20Muhammad%20Qawi?oldid=655123984 Contributors:
Jsc1973, AntonioMartin, David Gerard, TiMike, D6, Irishpunktom, Maya Levy, Pcpcpc, Woohookitty, GregorB, Kbdank71, NekoDaemon, RobyWayne, Tlitic, YurikBot, ArcTheLad, Jaxl, Apokryltaros, Samir, Wknight94, SmackBot, Taz Manchester, GoodDay, Wizardman, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Mr Stephen, Hu12, DabMachine, Otduff, WilliamJE, Cydebot, MKil, Chris Henniker, TonyTheTiger,
AP.BOT, Yahel Guhan, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Pixie2000, HOT L Baltimore, CommonsDelinker, TXiKiBoT, Java7837, Mr.Z-bot, Gruen,
Oxymoron83, Hadrianheugh, Fep70, MickMacNee, Addbot, Giants2008, Mac Dreamstate, Materialscientist, DynamoDegsy, Xqbot,
A.amitkumar, Plot Spoiler, DinajGao, Purpleturple, Cathy Richards, Full-date unlinking bot, Dxar, Pugilist, Abie the Fish Peddler, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, Martinauga~enwiki, Mk5384, AvicBot, TYelliot, ClueBot NG, 19michael1990, Joefromrandb, Fep1970, BoxingGoMan, Slimjimjenkins, Borasayegh, 1982vdven and Anonymous: 21
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Sam Hocevar, D6, Babomb, Allen3, Koavf, Phatcat68, YurikBot, Pip2andahalf, PRehse, Neier, SmackBot, Ze miguel, Sue Anne, Chris the
speller, Darius Dhlomo, Footodors, Colonies Chris, OrphanBot, Only, Drunken Pirate, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Kuru, Fig wright, Fuzzy510,
Eliashc, Courcelles, Asdf01~enwiki, Cydebot, TonyTheTiger, Jackboogie, Waacstats, RoboMaxCyberSem, Eazy262, WildCherry06,
Muro Bot, PollShark, Iamleel, Addbot, Landon1980, Mac Dreamstate, Ginosbot, Beast from da East, Jim1138, Xqbot, GrouchoBot,
Foreverprovence, GorgeCustersSabre, Philipmj24, LucienBOT, Seth.willwerth, RjwilmsiBot, DexDor, ClueBot NG, Jamesx12345, Reelwoman425 and Anonymous: 24
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SmackBot, GoodDay, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Hu12, WilliamJE, Namiba, Cydebot, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Neil C, Pavelegorov~enwiki,
Андрей Романенко, RoboMaxCyberSem, Jevansen, FoxLad, ClueBot, PollShark, Addbot, Luckas-bot, MastiBot, RjwilmsiBot, Mark
Arsten, CAWylie, BoxingGoMan, 1982vdven and Anonymous: 1
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Hu12, CmdrObot, MKil, Damifb, Nick Number, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Athaenara, Katharineamy, RoboMaxCyberSem, TXiKiBoT,
Kwic, Jimbo online, Kumioko (renamed), Io Wiki2007, Escape Orbit, LarRan, 718 Bot, Mac Dreamstate, LuK3, Legobot, Yobot, Bunnyhop11, Quazgaa, Misterpinfold, RjwilmsiBot, Mk5384, ScottyBerg, 19michael1990, Peterftp, Mlane55, BoxingGoMan, 1982vdven and
Anonymous: 7
• Carlos De León Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_de_Le%C3%B3n?oldid=655895257 Contributors: Nate Silva, Hephaestos,
AntonioMartin, BRG, Wik, Topbanana, RedWolf, Marine 69-71, Klemen Kocjancic, D6, Tlaresch, Kelly Martin, Woohookitty, Rjwilmsi,
Who, RobyWayne, Bgwhite, RussBot, Jaxl, Joelr31, Betacommand, Chris the speller, CSWarren, Colonies Chris, GoodDay, Wizardman,
Eliyak, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Hu12, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Damifb, Phoe, Bailmoney27, Magioladitis, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Pavelegorov~enwiki, RoboMaxCyberSem, German.Knowitall, VolkovBot, FoxLad, Io Wiki2007, McLar eng, Escape Orbit, LarRan, 718 Bot,
Fep70, PollShark, MystBot, Addbot, WikiEditor50, Daicaregos, Lightbot, Legobot, Xqbot, TechBot, MjKnockout, RjwilmsiBot, EmausBot, Username7212345, Fep1970, BoxingGoMan, Paola ratchet and Anonymous: 5
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Nabla, Art LaPella, Bobo192, Longhair, RussBlau, Pearle, Maya Levy, StevenHW, Graham87, Koavf, The wub, Bgwhite, YurikBot,
Drdisque, ChrisP2K5, LaszloWalrus, PRehse, SmackBot, Colonies Chris, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Siva1979, Fuzzy510, ChrisCork,
Asdf01~enwiki, MKil, Travelbird, JustAGal, Watermint, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Neil C, RoboMaxCyberSem, Kyle the bot, TruckTurner,
Iowamutt, TorridTitan, TepidTangent, Escape Orbit, Jedi Kasra, PollShark, XLinkBot, WikHead, Addbot, Tassedethe, Arxiloxos, PigFlu
Oink, DrilBot, Joshkeat, RjwilmsiBot, DexDor, John of Reading, ClueBot NG, 19michael1990, Jamesquicktillis, Mogism, VIAFbot,
Robevans123, 1982vdven, Filedelinkerbot, Richard C. Stone and Anonymous: 38
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YurikBot, RussBot, ArcTheLad, Jaxl, Wknight94, Crystallina, SmackBot, Darius Dhlomo, GoodDay, JSmith9579, Wizardman, Ser
Amantio di Nicolao, Cydebot, MKil, Thijs!bot, Jackboogie, Gabe1972, Waacstats, J.delanoy, Pavelegorov~enwiki, Athaenara, RoboMaxCyberSem, FoxLad, Aspects, Sfan00 IMG, Alexbot, Fep70, Addbot, Popiloll, Tassedethe, Lightbot, AnomieBOT, Roux-HG, HeraclitusEphesus, Robyonone, Full-date unlinking bot, RjwilmsiBot, Mk5384, Rmparr, Steffaville, 19michael1990, David-golota, Calisonic,
Brantleynewton, MichaelKalantaryan, BoxingGoMan, Sport and politics and Anonymous: 33
• Michael Dokes Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Dokes?oldid=649116557 Contributors: Deb, AntonioMartin, Ahoerstemeier, Sjorford, David Gerard, Chowbok, Bender235, RJHall, Func, Darwinek, Alansohn, Pcpcpc, BD2412, Koavf, FlaBot, Ground
Zero, Phatcat68, Sodin, YurikBot, PRehse, SmackBot, Thaagenson, Ze miguel, Hmains, Darius Dhlomo, Colonies Chris, GoodDay, Can't
sleep, clown will eat me, Thomson200, Badbilltucker, Sweetalkinguy, Funky Monkey, Wizardman, Martin-wiki, Ser Amantio di Nicolao,
Fuzzy510, DabMachine, Otduff, Wafulz, Cydebot, MKil, KrakatoaKatie, Connormah, Appraiser, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Daemonic Kangaroo, Pavelegorov~enwiki, Skier Dude, RoboMaxCyberSem, German.Knowitall, TruckTurner, TorridTitan, Iceveins, Coffee, VVVBot,
TepidTangent, Maralia, Alexbot, PixelBot, Fep70, Tmonzenet, PollShark, Addbot, Mac Dreamstate, Beast from da East, Tassedethe, Lightbot, Gongshow, Stuthehistoryguy, Borowskki, RedBot, RjwilmsiBot, DexDor, Bossanoven, Mk5384, ZéroBot, Rusted AutoParts, Gareth
Griffith-Jones, MichaelKalantaryan, BoxingGoMan, D55689951, Sport and politics, 1982vdven, Oriole85 and Anonymous: 22
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Carioca, RussBot, PRehse, Victor Lopes, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, DIEGO RICARDO PEREIRA, Michig, Waacstats, Jimbo online,
Escape Orbit, Stepshep, PollShark, Addbot, Xqbot, In ictu oculi, EmausBot, Frietjes, Periglio and Anonymous: 7
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of Hearts, Sharkface217, PRehse, Neier, SmackBot, Hmains, Darius Dhlomo, Jwillbur, Matthew hk, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, No1lakersfan,
Cydebot, MKil, Epbr123, Tthaas, JustAGal, Fusionmix, Jackboogie, Waacstats, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, DerHexer, JediLofty, J.delanoy,
Pavelegorov~enwiki, RoboMaxCyberSem, German.Knowitall, Philip Trueman, Gruen, Pinkadelica, ClueBot, Avenged Eightfold, RC0722, PollShark, Italianbreadman, Alexstew2, Daboostr, Addbot, Beast from da East, Alexalexalexalexalexalex, Yobot, AnomieBOT, LilHelpa, J04n, BenzolBot, RjwilmsiBot, Inglok, 1982vdven and Anonymous: 25
88
CHAPTER 3. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
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DavidWBrooks, Furrykef, Jnc, Dale Arnett, Naddy, Chris Roy, Postdlf, Academic Challenger, Hippietrail, Duniyadnd, Chowbok, Antandrus, RobbieFal, Joyous!, Oknazevad, D6, WGFinley, Bender235, Kbh3rd, Zenohockey, Orlady, TMC1982, Causa sui, Bobo192,
Circeus, Wipe, Elipongo, Richi, Idleguy, Pearle, Alansohn, Thebeginning, Arthena, Maya Levy, Riana, Ashley Pomeroy, SidP, RainbowOfLight, Pcpcpc, Woohookitty, LOL, FPAtl, ^demon, Moormand, BD2412, Koavf, SMC, The wub, DoubleBlue, Scapone, FlaBot,
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LaotianBoy1991, Kronocide, Mike Selinker, Eaefremov, TLSuda, PRehse, Dsreyn, Amalthea, SmackBot, Jagged 85, Piccadilly, Aksi great,
Betacommand, SteveO, Chris the speller, Emufarmers, Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, CSWarren, Viewfinder, Colonies Chris,
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• George Foreman Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Foreman?oldid=657310695 Contributors: Mav, Bryan Derksen, Novalis, Mintguy, Ewen, Hephaestos, Atlan, Chuq, AntonioMartin, Hfastedge, Vudujava, Wapcaplet, Sannse, Ellywa, Ahoerstemeier, Ronz,
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3.1. TEXT
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• Bert Cooper Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert%20Cooper?oldid=648987216 Contributors: Sjorford, David Gerard, Bumm13,
D6, Rich Farmbrough, Bobo192, Randy Johnston, Sengkang, Koavf, Vegaswikian, Drdisque, Wiki alf, PRehse, SmackBot, Chairman S.,
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to SJ, Cg29692, Escape Orbit, Niceguyedc, Fep70, Boleyn, Susangage, SilvonenBot, Tylerdurden5, Addbot, Tassedethe, Otrfan, Comemitmier, FrescoBot, DefaultsortBot, Full-date unlinking bot, RjwilmsiBot, DexDor, John of Reading, Mk5384, Smokin bert, 19michael1990,
Joefromrandb, David-golota, GlittO'Rourke and Anonymous: 31
• Larry Holmes Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Holmes?oldid=659440301 Contributors: Derek Ross, Danny, AntonioMartin, Wapcaplet, Dale Arnett, Cspenn, Stevietheman, Chowbok, CryptoDerk, Gscshoyru, D6, Guanabot, Cacycle, Xezbeth, Bender235, Jnestorius, Violetriga, Ruyn, Shanes, Aquillion, Idleguy, Alansohn, Maya Levy, Ramsquire, Wtmitchell, CranialNerves, Pcpcpc,
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MichaelKalantaryan, BoxingGoMan, Sport and politics, Lugia2453, VIAFbot, Dean5407, Glazok2, Spp8912, Kcmaher, Ragomego, Kymako and Anonymous: 220
• Riddick Bowe Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddick%20Bowe?oldid=659763586 Contributors: Mintguy, AntonioMartin, Wik,
Furrykef, Denelson83, Sjorford, Andrew Levine, David Gerard, Gwalla, HangingCurve, Jason Quinn, Mboverload, Chowbok, Wintersmith,
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from da East, Lightbot, Thread Stealer, Hendrixx13, Yobot, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, AnomieBOT, Piano non troppo, Materialscientist, JimVC3, X NorAxeR X, GorgeCustersSabre, FrescoBot, Bigfootcock, Destinta, KerryO77, Full-date unlinking bot, Margo&Gladys,
90
Tbhotch, Arivald, RjwilmsiBot, Mk5384, Starcheerspeaksnewslostwars, Bigdaddybowe, Jerhart00, Evanh2008, Stevieboyni82, Kikibeak,
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JaconaFrere, JohnMarshton and Anonymous: 286
• Michael Moorer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Moorer?oldid=659494873 Contributors: AntonioMartin, Zoicon5,
Carbuncle, David Gerard, Zigger, Peruvianllama, Chowbok, AlexanderWinston, D6, Themadmac, Bender235, Jnestorius, Bobo192, Alansohn, Alai, Pcpcpc, Woohookitty, Patrick2480, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, Vegaswikian, FlaBot, Jfiling, Jaxl, Irishguy, Nick, Ezeu, ChrisGriswold, Ybbor, PRehse, SmackBot, Portillo, Static Universe, GoodDay, Sweetalkinguy, Wizardman, Ged UK, Ser Amantio di Nicolao,
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Ajmontesa, Jeff G., DoctorCaligari, Entirelybs, FoxLad, Escape Orbit, DreamsAreMadeOf, ClueBot, RonSigPi, Luisztdt, MrKIA11, PixelBot, Fep70, Addbot, Wulf Isebrand, Zarcadia, Mac Dreamstate, Beast from da East, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Jim1138,
Dwayne, Materialscientist, Xqbot, BritishWatcher, Joaquin008, FrescoBot, Full-date unlinking bot, Joshkeat, RjwilmsiBot, EmausBot, Fly
by Night, Veera-84, Steffaville, 19michael1990, Cpltwine, Username7212345, Quintessential British Gentleman, User38563, Cyberbot II,
MichaelKalantaryan, BoxingGoMan, 3dconversion3d, Cerabot, Sport and politics, GlittO'Rourke, AMFMUHFVHF90922, Feedthepope,
Jhm 427 and Anonymous: 83
• Ray Mercer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Mercer?oldid=651249313 Contributors: AntonioMartin, Notheruser, Conti,
Davodd, David Gerard, Peruvianllama, Yappakoredesho, Klemen Kocjancic, D6, Bender235, Wolfman, Srbauer, Zscout370, Bobo192,
Stesmo, NetBot, Red Scharlach, Kevinsnow, Alansohn, Andrewpmk, Pcpcpc, Woohookitty, LOL, FreplySpang, Kevlar, Koavf, Jweiss11,
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• Vaughn Bean Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughn%20Bean?oldid=590570889 Contributors: PRehse, SmackBot, Fuzzy510,
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94
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FrederickB87, Dim12324 and Anonymous: 725
• John Ruiz Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ruiz?oldid=659722210 Contributors: Rgamble, AntonioMartin, Cyde, Seav, Angela, DropDeadGorgias, Conti, Wik, Morwen, Sjorford, Bearcat, Enochlau, Christopher Parham, Fleminra, Bobblewik, Chowbok, Marine
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non troppo, Ulric1313, Gumby2008, Daviessimo, Jayarathina, Joaquin008, Hushpuckena, Notedgrant, Full-date unlinking bot, RjwilmsiBot, Akira Kouchiyama, Pitlane02, DASHBotAV, TheeCandyman, ClueBot NG, 19michael1990, David-golota, Fep1970, MichaelKalantaryan, Sport and politics, BtownWiki, JaconaFrere and Anonymous: 153
• Hasim Rahman Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasim%20Rahman?oldid=655073291 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Jsc1973, AntonioMartin, Zoicon5, Dale Arnett, Mushroom, David Gerard, Enochlau, Ee01akk, DragonflySixtyseven, Yappakoredesho, D6, Guanabot, Bender235, Kwamikagami, NetBot, Cohesion, Rje, Ardric47, Alansohn, Maya Levy, Bart133, TaintedMustard, Bnguyen, Pcpcpc,
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TaBOT-zerem, Yas uk, Sbarbosa2000, Rubinbot, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, Gumby2008, Foreverprovence, Joaquin008, DinajGao,
Full-date unlinking bot, Joshkeat, Abie the Fish Peddler, RjwilmsiBot, DexDor, Qrsdogg, Esteban Ferrer, Steffaville, Esc2003, 28bot,
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• Chris Byrd Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Byrd?oldid=658977886 Contributors: Arwel Parry, Sjorford, Matthäus Wander, Bobblewik, MisfitToys, D6, Rich Farmbrough, Martpol, Bender235, Bobo192, Rje, Alansohn, Maya Levy, Pcpcpc, LOL, Koavf,
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bot, RjwilmsiBot, Bossanoven, EmausBot, John of Reading, Aussieswimmer, 19michael1990, David-golota, Muon, Fik000, Mark Arsten,
User38563, MichaelKalantaryan, Sport and politics, TheAurum, Frosty, Spp8912, Bradmcdonaldlol and Anonymous: 101
• James Toney Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Toney?oldid=657998864 Contributors: AntonioMartin, Dysprosia, Mboverload, Bobblewik, Chowbok, Piotrus, Neutrality, D6, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Edgarde, Bender235, L4ck 0f 54n17y, Nsaa, Alansohn, Maya Levy, Riana, Gene Nygaard, Woohookitty, LOL, FPAtl, GreyJ, ^demon, Ropcat, Bluemoose, Pentawing, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, Jake
Wartenberg, Vegaswikian, Fish and karate, Hansen9j, Gurch, Alexjohnc3, Skeeter08865, ThirdPartyView, Amchow78, Jfiling, DVdm, Bgwhite, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, RussBot, Jacksonh~enwiki, Jeff.lopezstuit, Pseudomonas, NawlinWiki, Anomie, StockMail, Alex43223,
Rwalker, Andonee, Wknight94, Crisco 1492, Red Jay, Mais oui!, Aoa8212, PRehse, CIreland, Amalthea, SmackBot, Hydrogen Iodide,
Blue520, Jagged 85, Yamaguchi , Portillo, ERcheck, Bluebot, Static Universe, PointyShinyBurning, Colonies Chris, Cadursun, Frap,
OrphanBot, Wiki2205, Threeafterthree, Nakon, WAR32978, Derek R Bullamore, Metamagician3000, Ged UK, Johnruiz, Sohlemac, Ser
Amantio di Nicolao, Hey Teacher, SQGibbon, Dl2000, Otduff, N2492004, JoeBot, Jh12, JForget, Andrew nixon, Asdf01~enwiki, Thiagu.raju, Xxovercastxx, Ken Gallager, Cydebot, MKil, Gogo Dodo, DumbBOT, Omicronpersei8, Ishdarian, JustAGal, Phoe, Nick Number, Ialsoagree, AntiVandalBot, IrishPete, Courseiam, Michig, MedievalScholar, East718, The Timid Crusader, JamesBWatson, Jackboogie, Gabe1972, Waacstats, Animum, Mike Payne, DerHexer, AllenDowney, El Temible, Deevlash, CalendarWatcher, CommonsDelinker,
Brain Rodeo, J.delanoy, Trusilver, Neil C, Joe8609, RoboMaxCyberSem, Marty Rockatansky, Everydayboredom1980, Greatestrowerever,
Hope Springs Eternal, German.Knowitall, UnicornTapestry, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Sephiroth144, Semaj27119, Orjanlothe, Wisedm,
AlleborgoBot, Leonupton, BE666, Sonicology, Jonas Poole, Breawycker, Flyer22, SPACKlick, Prestonmag, FoxLad, Csloomis, Spitfire19, Latics, Io Wiki2007, Escape Orbit, Beemer69, ImageRemovalBot, DreamsAreMadeOf, Martarius, ClueBot, Leclaird, Hutcher,
EoGuy, Clinton Baptiste, Showtime2009, Black Shadows, SuperHamster, Boing! said Zebedee, Timberframe, Luisztdt, Niceguyedc, Circulationdesk, IvoBastardo, Rockfang, Alexbot, PixelBot, Anthony Robbins, Fep70, Anon126, Fastily, Whoelius, Stickee, SilvonenBot,
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Tide rolls, Алый Король, Vegaswikian1, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Worm That Turned, Payne’s-World, SwisterTwister, AnomieBOT, Ro-
3.1. TEXT
95
driguerus, Ubergeekguy, Materialscientist, Solidmemory, Ptkday, Strikerforce, Intelati, TechBot, Ubcule, Theujac, GorgeCustersSabre,
DaveMartinJr, Comemitmier, Joaquin008, DasallmächtigeJ, George2001hi, FrescoBot, Muneeb qureshi, HJ Mitchell, Kwiki, Dustpan7,
Pale Autumn, Joswargo, Senor Vergara, Full-date unlinking bot, Rams87, Joshkeat, Cnwilliams, Tim1357, Vrenator, January, Paralympiakos, TheMesquito, Jayson4all, ChairYeoman, RjwilmsiBot, Bento00, Ripchip Bot, DASHBot, Mophoplz, BrendanFrye, EmausBot, Louisaaron, Disgusting avian, Jwells465, Mk5384, Super48paul, Dewritech, Stoker91, NotAnonymous0, Tommy2010, John Cline,
White Trillium, PolvoMexicano, Abbinholcfc, SporkBot, Calsum, Eyriq86, Guthro777, Bjermaine, L Kensington, Morgankevinj, Jjcozz06, Mayur, MikeHarris662, September Sun, BEDofRAZORS666, Roganfan121, Sven Manguard, Rocketrod1960, TheeCandyman,
ClueBot NG, DVeng, 19michael1990, David-golota, Charlesde, Thedemon44, Anupmehra, Dklein123, OAnimosity, BG19bot, Jeffj95,
Username7212345, Stickethstickley, AaronBok, MMABot, Into the Rift, Kcartershogun, JustForFun, Hrvyklly, Blitzco, MaxPayne888,
CarlgaleMMA, SniffTheMonkey, Piguy101, Keep it 100, BigzMMA, RadicalRedRaccoon, User38563, ThatBrownLady, ChrisGualtieri,
EuroCarGT, Dexbot, Luvoneanother, Soubrier Gary, Mogism, Xxsugus, Sepehr240, BamacreoleDJ, Plaqiffpo, GlittO'Rourke, The Herald,
Kahtar, Spp89121, Aye Man86, Spp8913, Spp8912, Charlie Aru, Breaska2 and Anonymous: 498
• Larry Donald Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Donald?oldid=656861927 Contributors: Sjorford, D6, Forbsey, Alansohn,
Koavf, Drdisque, DanMS, Harro, PRehse, Neier, Darius Dhlomo, Colonies Chris, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Fuzzy510, De mortuis..., Cydebot, Tthaas, TonyTheTiger, Jackboogie, Waacstats, German.Knowitall, VVVBot, Gruen, Escape Orbit, Juandope, SilvonenBot, Addbot,
Dawynn, Wulf Isebrand, Sillyfolkboy, Beast from da East, Lightbot, Biker Biker, 10metreh, Full-date unlinking bot, RjwilmsiBot, John of
Reading, Bluesangrel, 19michael1990, David-golota, George Ponderevo, Cb34box and Anonymous: 8
• Jeremy Bates (boxer) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Bates%20(boxer)?oldid=658979031 Contributors: Bender235,
FPAtl, PRehse, SmackBot, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Euchiasmus, Fuzzy510, Cydebot, Nick Number, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Brain Rodeo,
J.delanoy, RoboMaxCyberSem, Marty Rockatansky, DH85868993, Insanity Incarnate, Escape Orbit, LarRan, ClueBot, Niceguyedc,
DumZiBoT, AnomieBOT, Pillbug ftw, Full-date unlinking bot, Pollinosisss, RjwilmsiBot, EmausBot, 19michael1990, BG19bot, Drr230,
Comatmebro, Freemarea and Anonymous: 13
• Fres Oquendo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fres%20Oquendo?oldid=656730900 Contributors: Deb, Arthur Holland, Bender235,
Geschichte, Hack, OrphanBot, Kukini, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, ZwAn, Cydebot, Thijs!bot, Vertium, Jackboogie, Waacstats, RoboMaxCyberSem, Sintaku, Escape Orbit, Bryonm1983, PollShark, XLinkBot, Spineshank~enwiki, Addbot, The Speed Of Sam~enwiki, Lightbot,
Megadeth787878, LittleWink, Full-date unlinking bot, Onel5969, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, Bluesangrel, 19michael1990, ChrisGualtieri, MichaelKalantaryan, Lemnaminor, Rticle15 and Anonymous: 29
• Vincent Maddalone Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Maddalone?oldid=649145914 Contributors: BigHaz, D6, Rjwilmsi,
Koavf, RussBot, Rwalker, PRehse, Crystallina, SmackBot, Alex Ex, Yamaguchi , Bluebot, OrphanBot, Ser Amantio di Nicolao,
Fuzzy510, Otduff, N2492004, Tmangray, Cydebot, Pirate McGee, PKT, Ludde23, Jackboogie, Waacstats, R'n'B, Dewelar, Brain Rodeo,
Neil C, Popenator101, RoboMaxCyberSem, GrahamHardy, Sam Blacketer, Marced, Jimbo online, Janmiedzik, Escape Orbit, PollShark,
Addbot, Arbitrarily0, Drpickem, Yobot, Materialscientist, LucienBOT, Full-date unlinking bot, Logical Fuzz, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, Mk5384, SporkBot, TYelliot, 19michael1990, Andreyheavy2311, Roblaw42, MichaelKalantaryan, Mogism, Vember94, 1982vdven,
K9ane and Anonymous: 23
• Lou Savarese Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Savarese?oldid=651385010 Contributors: AntonioMartin, Bearcat, AlistairMcMillan, D6, Bender235, Bobo192, Stephan Leeds, Woohookitty, BD2412, Koavf, Jweiss11, Greenkoi, Uwe Gille, RobyWayne, Phatcat68,
Kafziel, RussBot, JLaTondre, Otto ter Haar, PRehse, SmackBot, LuciferMorgan, Bluebot, Colonies Chris, Whysanitynet, Badbilltucker,
COMPFUNK2, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Mabuska, Davemcarlson, ShakingSpirit, Majin Takeru, Otduff, ShelfSkewed, Cydebot, MKil,
John254, JustAGal, Magioladitis, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Autosol, R'n'B, Johnpacklambert, Brain Rodeo, RoboMaxCyberSem, Dom316,
VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Shelka04, Feudonym, Mycomp, Scarian, Escape Orbit, ClueBot, SilvonenBot, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Beast from
da East, Tassedethe, Lightbot, AMANDAFROLIO, Ulric1313, Full-date unlinking bot, Cnwilliams, RjwilmsiBot, Prove you're robot,
19michael1990, Floatjon, Helpful Pixie Bot, Lemnaminor, GlittO'Rourke, Rizuoa799 and Anonymous: 36
• Sultan Ibragimov Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Ibragimov?oldid=659108936 Contributors: Ezhiki, Explendido Rocha,
Untifler, Tsemii, Bender235, ProhibitOnions, Behemoth, Ev, Bgwhite, Ezra., Attilios, SmackBot, Mugutolishnaban, Static Universe, Darius Dhlomo, Colonies Chris, Mhym, Goliath74, Khoikhoi, Evlekis, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Dl2000, BranStark, Otduff, Joseph Solis
in Australia, Courcelles, J18lee, Asdf01~enwiki, Cydebot, MKil, Capmaster, Axon3, TAG.Odessa, Thijs!bot, Abu Musab al-Suri, IrishPete, Coyets, Outsid3r, Yalens, Scythian1, East718, Vintagekits, Watermint, Jackboogie, Waacstats, Pixie2000, Women hate me, CommonsDelinker, Razororz, Interplanet Janet, Pavelegorov~enwiki, A Nobody, Standingfish, RoboMaxCyberSem, Marty Rockatansky, German.Knowitall, VolkovBot, Irv Stantz, Ben Denham, Maracana, Bashereyre, Brandon97, Work permit, Da Joe, Alex Middleton, Meowzakatz, Rjbonacolta, Mccoy ph, FoxLad, Vanished user kijsdion3i4jf, Escape Orbit, Miyokan, Sfan00 IMG, ClueBot, WildCherry06,
PixelBot, Fep70, RebelzGang, DumZiBoT, XLinkBot, Feinoha, Okta79, Siyovush, Stick Negative, Addbot, Mac Dreamstate, Sillyfolkboy, Tassedethe, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, Xqbot, LakeM80, Tabledhote, LucienBOT, Full-date unlinking
bot, RjwilmsiBot, AFineHog, EmausBot, Clashcityrkr, ChrisMorris1234, 19michael1990, Joefromrandb, David-golota, Ricco Baroni,
BG19bot, MichaelKalantaryan, Sport and politics, Ameen19 and Anonymous: 115
• Nikolai Valuev Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Valuev?oldid=656935574 Contributors: Deb, Atlan, Komap, Reboot,
Nine Tail Fox, Dcoetzee, Dale Arnett, Nurg, Enochlau, Christopher Parham, Kapow, Orpheus, Berasategui, Peruvianllama, Vunzmstr,
Antandrus, ClockworkLunch, Yappakoredesho, JavaTenor, Rohan nog, RossPatterson, Paul August, Gronky, Bender235, ESkog, Kwamikagami, Bobo192, Iamunknown, NetBot, Richi, Mytildebang, Sanmartin, Storm Rider, Alansohn, Babajobu, Maya Levy, Nick47, LunarLander, Velella, Mixer, Gene Nygaard, Ghirlandajo, Japanese Searobin, Hq3473, Woohookitty, MONGO, GregorB, Imperialles, Rjwilmsi,
WoodenTaco, Fish and karate, FlaBot, Jdm, Lenev, Russavia, Gareth E Kegg, Algebraist, The Rambling Man, YurikBot, Osomec, RussBot,
ChrisP2K5, ArcTheLad, DE, Rekjos~enwiki, Alex Bakharev, Austinmayor, NawlinWiki, Trevor1, KindOfBlue, AGP, LiamE, Bobak, SM,
Emersoni, Tanet, DethFromAbove, Quberoot, Cromag, Eaefremov, DEng, Katieh5584, Otto ter Haar, Patiwat, A13ean, Amalthea, SmackBot, State of Love and Trust, Herostratus, Jagged 85, Nickst, Matthuxtable, Canthusus, Prokur, Shibidee, Mjolnir1984, Commander Keane
bot, Gilliam, Dschroder, Cygnus78, GoodDay, XSG, Lowris, Mhym, Sweetalkinguy, Sljaxon, Metamagician3000, Airwolf, Evlekis, King
of Mean, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Treyt021, Dudo2, Tuscaloosa11, Accurizer, Mgiganteus1, Wickethewok, BillFlis, Davemcarlson, Haonanzhang, Anandks007, Dl2000, Saxton, Yoda1893, Phoenixrod, SpeedKing, JForget, The Prince of Darkness, CmdrObot, Angst72, BaZ,
Sigepmagicmike, WeggeBot, Bluemail, Dginz1, Cydebot, MKil, Vanished user vjhsduheuiui4t5hjri, Konstantin3307, DBaba, Thijs!bot,
Diophantus, Epbr123, Mojo Hand, NorwegianBlue, Brett Dunbar, Landolitan, Captain Crawdad, Gtbob12, Gossamers, AntiVandalBot,
Seaphoto, Prolog, Kbthompson, AaronY, Activist, IrishPete, Outsid3r, Ani td, Dreaded Walrus, Leuko, Nthep, J Greb, East718, Fischkopp,
LittleOldMe, Aklop, Olwak, The Timid Crusader, Vintagekits, Jackboogie, Lance808, LarsMarius, Ujalm, Pixie2000, Abcbalbuena, DerHexer, Garik 11, Hellerick, Walle83, MartinBot, PoolieAlbatross, CommonsDelinker, Lilac Soul, Manticore, J.delanoy, Rekrutacja, Scot-
96
tinDC, Standingfish, McSly, Clerks, SaskatchewanSenator, Garret Beaumain, BoxingWear, RoboMaxCyberSem, Tanaats, Hanacy, Cometstyles, Greatestrowerever, Topk, Thismightbezach, WWGB, 1812ahill, Lights, German.Knowitall, Evangelos Giakoumatos, VolkovBot,
Wiseman75, Psg15usa, Philip Trueman, Sssr, Mosmof, Crohnie, JayC, Blastrula, Mkomkomko, HSJ90, OllyArthey, Maracana, Enigmaman, Spring01, Fungabhai, Jpeeling, Falcon8765, AgentCDE, AlleborgoBot, SieBot, Foremanfan, Jimbo online, Da Joe, Miremare,
Hxhbot, Claudevsq, Yerpo, Oxymoron83, Colin marks, Seth Whales, Hobartimus, SergeiXXX, Svick, Sotnik, Gorrrillla5, Paulinho28,
Hookhandmcmanus, MMAfan2007, Iq145, ArmsAloftinAberdeen, ImageRemovalBot, Sfan00 IMG, ClueBot, Clinton Baptiste, Tigerboy1966, Drmies, Normer, J.cleenton, Detroiterbot, Jusdafax, Lartoven, Fep70, Dutzi, Jhony, Jedi Kasra, Vanished user uih38riiw4hjlsd,
DumZiBoT, Chimchar monferno, Russiansoul, XLinkBot, Underbelly 50, SilvonenBot, Cmr08, Tessaroithmost, HexaChord, Addbot,
American Eagle, Ronhjones, Ussrgeorge, Zarcadia, Mac Dreamstate, Seratna, LinkFA-Bot, Aktsu, Beast from da East, Dave Rogers,
Tassedethe, Mobit, Tide rolls, Lightbot, OlEnglish, Clintstone, Ace182, Luckas-bot, Comment200, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, ArticulatoryGland, Petkowsky, AnomieBOT, Rodriguerus, Rubinbot, Materialscientist, Gumby2008, RobertEves92, Danno uk, Srinivas, XStandartX,
Neurolysis, Xqbot, Calvin Ho Jiang Lim, Wisems, Gilo1969, AbigailAbernathy, HDTelly150, GrouchoBot, Off2riorob, Mregelsberger,
GorgeCustersSabre, JackofDiamonds1, CaptainMorgan, Xadrezista, Iqinn, BenzolBot, HamburgerRadio, Tomcat7, Full-date unlinking bot,
Merlion444, Jauhienij, Utility Monster, Cnwilliams, Dinamik-bot, Pineweasel, Gregg Lazer, DD510, UruguayRus, The Spoorne, Stephen
MUFC, Ace55, Loserjay10, Andrea105, Skynyrdboy, Mick le pick, TheBearPaw, RjwilmsiBot, Salvio giuliano, Comecon, ZéroBot, Media201, Esc2003, Droyd, L Kensington, 1Luigii, Antiguru, Bluesangrel, ClueBot NG, Rick Jigsz, 19michael1990, David-golota, Frietjes,
Soulrebelno1, WikiPuppies, Dagniszelcs, Ozgurcano, PashaTarsius, George Ponderevo, Wiki13, JustForFun, Letscausehavokx, Marcocapelle, AutoRacingGenie, MichaelKalantaryan, Dexbot, Lefthooksmash, Mogism, Sport and politics, MattSucci, VIAFbot, Graphium,
Dylziez, Snowsuit Wearer, Andrew S. Knight, Spp8912, Monkbot, Ahriman2014, Shrubreads, Bandy Hoppsan and Anonymous: 654
• Francois Botha Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20Botha?oldid=650358252 Contributors: (:Julien:), David Gerard,
Nachi~enwiki, Discospinster, Bender235, Wayfarer, Woohookitty, LOL, Guy M, BD2412, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, Gurch, Valentinian,
Bgwhite, Jpfagerback, YurikBot, LiamE, Moe Epsilon, Ezeu, Danlaycock, Jaranda, Meegs, PRehse, Patiwat, SmackBot, Deon Steyn,
Canuck85, Evlekis, Cyberevil, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Dl2000, Otduff, Namiba, Asdf01~enwiki, Clay4president, Cydebot, Cheapestcostavoider, MKil, Thijs!bot, Brett Dunbar, Charles A, Jackboogie, Gabe1972, Waacstats, Originalname37, User A1, Neil C, A Nobody,
RoboMaxCyberSem, Marty Rockatansky, TVShoppingU, VolkovBot, Rpol01, SieBot, Spektrum117, Monegasque, Thuglife99, Sk101796,
Cg29692, Martarius, Clinton Baptiste, Fep70, WölffReik, DumZiBoT, Alan Davie Bob Botha, Kbdankbot, TreyGeek, Albambot, Addbot,
Zarcadia, Aktsu, Beast from da East, Alanscottwalker, Lightbot, Yobot, Naudefjbot~enwiki, Rockypedia, Unara, Ulric1313, Rudolph89,
Xqbot, Jsmith006, Surv1v4l1st, P.4.P. No. 1, Plasticspork, Joshkeat, RjwilmsiBot, Boxingtrivia, EmausBot, Beetlejuice500, Mk5384,
Jimmy Peters, ZéroBot, KvsS03, SporkBot, ClueBot NG, Suid-Afrikaanse, 19michael1990, David-golota, TheSwedishTiger, Hopey dishwasher, User38563, MichaelKalantaryan, BoxingGoMan, Hmainsbot1, MrKnowSomethings 82, Nathanelwing1994, Pacbradley2, Tyrone
Kennedy and Anonymous: 92
• Sherman Williams (boxer) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%20Williams%20(boxer)?oldid=649628258 Contributors:
Bearcat, Orlady, Stuartyeates, Mandarax, BD2412, Vegaswikian, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, DuncanHill, Waacstats, DH85868993, Escape
Orbit, Ristipiste, Addbot, Lightbot, Eumolpo, Kem wiki, EmausBot, 19michael1990, Andreyheavy2311, Razvan.mitrea, MichaelKalantaryan, Snappor and Anonymous: 5
• Brian Nielsen (boxer) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Nielsen%20(boxer)?oldid=649294884 Contributors: AxelBoldt,
Hephaestos, AntonioMartin, Gh, Tpbradbury, Jens Schriver, Bobblewik, Neutrality, D6, Rich Farmbrough, Bender235, Pcpcpc,
Woohookitty, BD2412, Vegaswikian, FlaBot, Bgwhite, KDLarsen, Kalaha, PRehse, SmackBot, Bluebot, PrimeHunter, Darius Dhlomo,
OrphanBot, Carcajou~enwiki, Ohconfucius, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Ben Jos, Bluefret, Courcelles, CmdrObot, Mattbr, Zimz, Cydebot, Damifb, Tthaas, JustAGal, Nick Number, CEngelbrecht, Jackboogie, NotACow, DerHexer, Mickcullen, CommonsDelinker, Peter
Chastain, Pavelegorov~enwiki, Thaurisil, RoboMaxCyberSem, Thismightbezach, Malcolmxl5, Flyer22, Chrzanko, Escape Orbit, EconomicsGuy, MortenDahl, Fep70, SoxBot, Smr101587, MystBot, Wyatt915, Addbot, Giants2008, Jdelanoy, Zarcadia, Tassedethe, Lightbot, Vegaswikian1, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, AnomieBOT, Rubinbot, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, Xqbot, GrouchoBot, GorgeCustersSabre, Teamboris, Skyerise, Joshkeat, Felis domestica, RjwilmsiBot, CaladorDK, EmausBot, Mummifar, JonasJepsen, H3llBot,
Jensgormsen, Povllund, ClueBot NG, 19michael1990, Joefromrandb, Baseball Watcher, David-golota, Delusion23, Titodutta, BG19bot,
RadicalRedRaccoon, Khazar2 and Anonymous: 78
3.2 Images
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• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
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• File:Edit-clear.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The
Tango! Desktop Project. Original artist:
The people from the Tango! project. And according to the meta-data in the file, specifically: “Andreas Nilsson, and Jakub Steiner (although
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• File:Evander_Holyfield_2010_Indy_500_Pole_Day.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Evander_
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• File:Flag_of_Alabama.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg License: CC0 Contributors: http://openclipart.org/clipart//signs_and_symbols/flags/america/united_states/usa_alabama.svg Original artist: Steve Hall
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97
• File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg License: Public domain Contributors: It is from openclipart.org, specifically american_samoa.svg. Original artist: by Tobias Jakobs
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• File:Flag_of_Baden-Württemberg.svg Source:
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Contributors: http://www.tnpa.by/ViewFileText.php?UrlRid=52178&UrlOnd=%D1%D2%C1%20911-2008 Original artist: Zscout370
• File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg
License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Bermuda.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Version 1: Made by Caleb Moore from the Open Clip Art website and uploaded by
Nightstallion Version 2: Made by Nameneko from version 1 of Image:Flag of Bermuda.svg and version 2 of Image:Coa Bermuda.svg
by Cronholm144.
• File:Flag_of_Bophuthatswana.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Flag_of_Bophuthatswana.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based on Image:FlagofBophuthatswana.png Original artist: Washiucho
• File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Province of British Columbia [2] Original artist: Original concepts of Arthur John Beanlands; Ambrose
Lee, York Herald (1906); and Conrad Swan, York Herald (1987), College of Arms, London.[3]. Rendered into SVG by -xfi-.
• File:Flag_of_California.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Devin Cook
• File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi• File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Chile.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: SKopp
• File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: SKopp
• File:Flag_of_Colorado.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: This one is drawn to geometrical specification by User:Fleminra.
• File:Flag_of_Connecticut.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=4317 Original artist: Nightstallion, Elephantus, Neoneo13, Denelson83, Rainman,
R-41, Minestrone, Lupo, Zscout370,
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MaGa' title='User:MaGa'>Ma</a><a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png'
class='image'><img
alt='Croatian
squares
Ljubicic.png'
src='//upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/15px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png'
width='15'
height='15'
srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/23px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/30px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png
2x' data-file-width='202' data-file-height='202' /></a><a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:MaGa' title='User
talk:MaGa'>Ga</a> (based on Decision of the Parliament)
• File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:Madden Original artist: see below
• File:Flag_of_Côte_d'Ivoire.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg
License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jon Harald Søby
98
• File:Flag_of_Delaware.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Based on image from xrmap flag collection 2.7, colors from image at World Flag Database Original artist: xrmap
flag collection
• File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Madden
• File:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.presidencia.gob.ec/pdf/Simbolos-Patrios.pdf Original artist: President of the Republic of Ecuador, Zscout370
• File:Flag_of_England.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg License: CC0 Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Finland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1978/19780380 Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp
• File:Flag_of_Florida.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: SVG based in this image Original artist: Unknown
• File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state).svg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Flag_of_Georgia_%28U.S.
_state%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Germany.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg License: PD Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Haiti.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Coat of arms from: Coat of arms of Haiti.svg by Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes Original artist: (colours and size changes
of the now deletied versions) Madden, Vzb83, Denelson83, Chanheigeorge, Zscout370 and Nightstallion
• File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg License: Public domain
Contributors:
• Flags of the World – Hungary Original artist: SKopp
• File:Flag_of_Idaho.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Illinois.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Indiana.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Iowa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg License:
Public
domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: The source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text'
href='http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FFlag_of_
Jamaica.svg,<span>,&,</span>,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
• File:Flag_of_Japan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Jordan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: own code, construction sheet Original artist: -xfi• File:Flag_of_Kentucky.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Flag of Kentucky, from the xrmap flag collection 2.7 (ftp://ftp.ac-grenoble.fr/ge/geosciences/xrmap/data/) Original
artist: Commonwealth of Kentucky
• File:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg License: Public domain Contributors: From the xrmap flag collection 2.7. Original artist: User:....
• File:Flag_of_Macau.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: GB 17654-1999
Original artist: PhiLiP
• File:Flag_of_Macedonia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Flag_of_Macedonia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
• File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg License: Public domain
3.2. IMAGES
99
• File:Flag_of_Mali.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Maryland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: from the xrmap flag collection 2.7. Original artist: State of Massachusetts
• File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006
• File:Flag_of_Michigan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Minnesota.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Mississippi.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg License: Public
• File:Flag_of_Missouri.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Monaco.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Montana.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Nevada.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Original vector image from OpenClipart: usa_nevada.svg. Original artist: Caleb Moore
• File:Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg License: Public
• File:Flag_of_New_York.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg License: Public domain Contributors: xrmap flag collection 2.7 Original artist: State of New York
• File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: http://www.mch.govt.nz/files/NZ%20Flag%20-%20proportions.JPG Original artist: Zscout370, Hugh Jass
and many others
• File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Xrmap flag collection 2.7 Original artist: Unknown
• File:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Flag_of_North_
Rhine-Westphalia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: file made by Perhelion following Landessymbole - Landesportal
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Original artist: Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen
• File:Flag_of_Norway.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Dbenbenn
• File:Flag_of_Ohio.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Construction sheet, also at [1] (see patent filing) Original artist: Designed by John Eisenmann, SVG code by <a href='//commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SiBr4' title='User:SiBr4'>SiBr4 </a>
• File:Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Panama.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Paraguay.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg License: CC0 Contributors: This file is from the Open Clip Art Library, which released it explicitly into the public domain (see here). Original artist: Republica
del Paraguay
• File:Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: from the xrmap flag collection 2.7 Original artist: Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)
• File:Flag_of_Peru.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Peru Original artist: David Benbennick
• File:Flag_of_Poland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg License: Public
• File:Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg License:
100
• File:Flag_of_Romania.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: AdiJapan
• File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Samoa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg License: Public domain
• File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://kbolino.freeshell.org/svg/scotland.svg Original artist: none known
• File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: From http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/cir/o_skupstini/simboli/simboli.asp. Original artist: sodipodi.com
• File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Per specifications in the Constitution of South Africa, Schedule 1 - National flag Original artist: Flag design by
Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users
• File:Flag_of_South_Africa_1928-1994.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Flag_of_South_Africa_
1928-1994.svg License: Public domain Contributors: SVG based on this image Original artist: Parliament of South Africa
• File:Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg License:
• File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Law concerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color guidelines
(Russian/English) ← This site is not exist now.(2012.06.05) Original artist: Various
• File:Flag_of_Spain.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg License: PD Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: PDF Colors Construction sheet Original artist: User:Marc Mongenet
Credits:
• File:Flag_of_Syria.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg License: Public domain Contributors: see below Original artist: see below
• File:Flag_of_Tennessee.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg License: Public domain Contributors: according to [1], [2] Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi• File:Flag_of_Texas.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
• File:Flag_of_Thuringia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Tonga.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg License: CC0 Contributors:
? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_
Tobago.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Turkish Flag Law (Türk Bayrağı Kanunu), Law nr. 2893 of 22 September 1983. Text (in Turkish) at the website of the
Turkish Historical Society (Türk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author)
• File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg License: CC0 Contributors: From the Open ClipArt Library website. Original artist: tobias
• File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ДСТУ 4512:2006 - Державний прапор України. Загальні технічні умови
SVG: 2010
Original artist: України
• File:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: design of the sun copied from URL [1], which was copied by Francisco Gregoric, 5 Jul 2004 from URL [2] Original artist:
User:Reisio (original author)
• File:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat bayrogʻi. The officially defined colours are Pantone
313C for blue and 361C for green (source: [1], [2]). Drawn by User:Zscout370.
• File:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg License: Public domain Contributors: official websites Original artist: Zscout370
3.2. IMAGES
101
• File:Flag_of_Virginia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: It is from the xrmap flag collection, specifically “usa_virginia.svg” in flags-2.6-src.tar.bz2. The README file in that collection
says of the SVG flags “We release them in the public domain”. The blue color has been redone based on vexilla-mundi. Original artist:
Commonwealth of Virginia
• File:Flag_of_Washington,_D.C..svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.
.svg License: Public domain Contributors: own code according to Construction Details (Government of the District of Columbia, untitled monograph, 1963, pp. 21-23. Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi• File:Flag_of_Washington.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: SVG generated from EPS file available from State of Washington website. Downloads listed here and file retrieved
on 14:25, 2 March 2006 (UTC) from here. Original artist: WA Secretary of State
• File:Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Zaire.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Zaire.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work based on official flags Original artist: User:Moyogo
• File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg License: CC0 Contributors: http://www.parliament.gov.zm/downloads/ Original artist:
• Author: Tobias Jakobs (in the public domain) and User:Zscout370 (Return fire)
• File:Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bahamas government
• File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.
svg License: Public domain Contributors:
• -xfi-'s file
• -xfi-'s code
• Zirland’s codes of colors
Original artist:
(of code): SVG version by cs:-xfi-.
• File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_
Republic.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Nightstallion
• File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
• File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_
Antilles_%281986-2010%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_the_People’{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_
People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/
design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370
• File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: The design was taken from [1] and the colors were also taken from a Government website Original artist:
User:Achim1999
• File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_
Arab_Emirates.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License:
PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Flag_of_the_
United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg License: Public domain Contributors: It is from openclipart.org, specifically usa_virgin_islands.svg, by
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102
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Evander Holyfield

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