grape red turan wine

Grape breeding in Hungary: old
and new varieties
(What Hungary added to the world of
viticulture)
• Perhaps it has happened not by chance that
in the fields of rootstock breeding, clonal
selection, table and wine grape breeding
Hungary has deserved international
appreciation and these results have been
proved to be very influential in more cases.
• Briefly I would like to introduce the
Hungarian grapevine breeding history,
traditions in order to regard rootstock, white
wine varieties, red wine varieties and table
grapes.
• In Hungary the breeding of native and
imported vine varieties began about the
time when the Phylloxera appeared (1875).
The grapevine breeding has started with the selection of more valuable stock. They
were propagated via seeds (generative) or by canes (vegetative). We think that most of
the unknown origin, traditional hungarian variety were developed and selected out of
seed population by growers.
Furmint
Kovidinka
Ezerjo
Kékfrankos
• Cross breeding
started in table
grape varieties.
Pioneer work was
done by the
Mathiasz brothers.
Janos Mathiasz
wanted to develop
varieties of early
ripening, big,
attractive clusters,
big, savoury
berries and good
transportability.
Breeders, their table grape varieties in ripening order
Breeder
Variety
Adolf Stark
Pearl of Csaba
Sándor Szegedi
Favorit
Sándor Szegedi
Boglárka
Pál Kocsis
Irsai Olivér
Sándor Szegedi
Narancsízű
Ferenc Póczik
Pannónia kincse
Sándor Szegedi
Kósa
János Mathiász
Mathiász J-né mus.
János Mathiász
Queen of the vineyard
Pál Kozma
Kozma P-né mus.
István Lubik
Anita
János Mathiász
Cegléd szépe
Pál Kocsis
Attila
Sándor Szegedi
Téli muskotály
Earliest
August
Latest
September
October
(Hajdu, E., 2002.)
Chasselas Queen
X
Victoria White
Ezeréves Magyaro.
emléke
Calabriai fehér
Muscat Ottonel
Rosa menna di vacca
X
Duc of Buccleuch
Bronnerstraube
Erzsébet királyné
emléke
X
(J. Mathiasz, 1900)
X Muscat Ottonel
Victoria White
X
Mathiasz J-né muskotály
(J. Mathiasz, 1902)
Attila
(A. Stark, 1904)
Queen of the vineyards
X
(J. Mathiasz, 1916)
Favorit, Narancsízű
(S. Szegedi, 1950)
X
Chasselas rouge défoncé
(P. Kocsis, 1917)
Pearl of Csaba
Chasselas bl. croquant
Chasselas Queen
X
Génuai zamatos
X Chasselas rouge royal
Cegléd szépe
(J. Mathiasz, 1903)
X
Pannónia kincse
(F. Póczik,, 1942)
Boglárka
(S. Szegedi, 1963)
(Hajdu, E., 2002.)
Hungarian table grape varieties are grown:
• In Italy – Queen of the vineyard
• In Russia – Irsai Olivér
•
In almost every grape growing country – Pearl
of Csaba
The following varieties were developed
from Queen of the vineyard
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aurora
in Argentina;
Bien donné, Roselle
in South Africa;
Delight, Perlette, Early Muscat in USA;
Ithaki, Thermi
in Greece;
Banatsky Muscat, Radmilovacki Muscat - in Yugoslavia;
Apirena Bruni
in Italy;
Augrevata, Napoca, Splendid
In Romania.
Fungus resistant table grape varieties
Variety
Degree of resistance
Origin
Downy
mildew
Powdery Gray
mildew rot
Roter
brenner
Palatina
Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Queen of the
vineyard
6
3
9
3
Pölöskei
muskotály
Zalagyöngye (SV 12358 x Pearl of Csaba) x
5917-8 (Gloria Hungariae x Erzsébet)
7
7
9
2
Teréz
Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Olimpia
7
7
9
2
Eszter
Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Early Magaracs
6
7
9
2
Fanny
Villard blanc (SV 12375) x 658-215 (Téli
muskotály x Olimpia)
5
5
9
3
Nero
Villard blenc (SV12375) x Gárdonyi Géza
6
5
8
3
(Kozma, P., 2002.)
Rootstock breeding
• Phylloxera resistant and lime tolerant
rootstock varieties were developed by
Zsigmond Teleki and by his son Sandor
Teleki at the end of the 19th century.
Zsigmond Teleki ordered grapevine seeds
from Euryale Rességuier from France from
V. berlandieri plantation because of the
prohibition of vine import due to black rot
disease at that time.
Zsigmond Teleki
1854 - 1910
• He was born in
Villány on 23
September 1854.
• He was eager to
develop his farm,
especially finding a
suitable rootstock for
chalky soil.
The groups of Teleki’s rootstock seedlings
according to Károly Bakonyi
1
2 Vinifera types, these were not propagated because of their weak growing habit.
3
hairless internode
4A
bronze shoot tip
male flower S.O.4
female flower 5BB
bronze shoot tip
5A
Riparia
hairless internode
G.K.67
type
female flower G.K.62
green shoot tip
6A
hairless internode
green shoot tip
male flower 5C
female flower G.K.1
male flower 125 A, 127
7B
hairy internode
bronze shoot tip
female flower 125 AA
female flower Cosmo 2, 10, G.K.10
8 B Berlandieri
hairy internode
bronze shoot tip
male flower Durlach 50,52, G.K.9
type
9B
hairy internode
10 A Rupestris
type
hairless internode
green shoot tip
bronze shoot tip
female flower Barr 503, 513
male flower
T.10A
The Teleki’s rootstock plantation
was famous all around Europe
5 BB rootstock block
Teleki 8 B rootstock block in cultivation
Teleki’s rootstocks grouped by Franz Kober
female 125 AA, 8AA
A
hairy shoot
bronze shoot tip
male 125 A, 127 A
B
hairless shoot
bronze shoot tip
female 5 BB, 127 BB
female 27 CC
C
hairy shoot
green shoot tip
male 19 ACC
D
hairless shoot
green shoot tip
?
105D
Rootstock clones or varieties selected from Teleki’s
plant material
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nussberg – 5 BB, 125 AA (from Teleki’s 10 groups),
Wienerneustadt – 148 Wi,
Freiburg – Fr. 148. (from 5BB),
Wadenswil – 5C Wed., (from 5C),
Geisenheim – 5C Gm6, 5C Gm10 and 5C Gm13, (from 5C),
Weisberg – Wei.48, (from 5BB),
Durlach – No 50, 51 and 52, (from 8 B),
Kreser – R 7, R 27, R 43 and 8-35, (from 5BB),
Oppenheim – SO4 and SO8, (from Teleki 4 A),
Barr – Barr 503 and 520, (from Teleki 9B),
Conegliano – Cosmo 2 and Cosmo 10, (from 8B),
Craciunal Blaj – Cr. 2, Cr. 26 (from 5BB), Cr. 71 (from 8B),
Villany – 5C (from Teleki 5A).
Georgikon 28
Georgikon 103
Georgikon 251
Wine variety breeding
• In Hungary a national grapevine breeding
programme was started in 1948. The
Research Stations of the Research Institute
for Viticulture and Enology (Badacsony,
Eger, Kecskemét, Pécs, Tarcal) and the
University of Agriculture, Keszthely joined
to the programme.
Selection
• Three types of selection were applied: mass
selection, clone type and clonal selection.
• Varieties with high agronomic potentials
and grown on large areas were involved at
first, like: Ezerjó, Olasz rizling (Riesling
Italico), Kadarka, Blaufrankisch
(Franconian), Blauer Portugieser.
Steps of clonal selection
Steps
Place
Comparison
basis
Plant
number
Duration
I. step
Mother
stock
Mean of mother
stocks
1
3-5 years
II. step
Clone plot standard
20
3-5 years
III. step
Clone
field
standard
80
3-7 years
I. Propagation
degree
Prebase
field
Selection basic
100-300
Variety
maintenance
II. Propagation Basic
degree
vineyard
Selection basic
0.1 –0.2 ha
Variety
maintenance
III.
Propagation
degree
Selection basic
1-10 ha
Variety
maintenance
Certified
plantation
Clones of traditional hungarian varieties
Clone
Qualification year
Location of selction
Furmint Kt. 4
1969
Tarcal
Furmint P.51.
1969
Pécs
Furmint T. 83
1990
Tarcal
Furmint T.92
1973
Tarcal
Hárslevelu 1007
1973
Tarcal
Hárslevelu P.41
1971
Pécs
Hárslevelu T. 311
1990
Tarcal
Kovidinka K.8
1994
Kecskemét
Italian Riesling B. 5
1990
Badacsony
Italian Riesling B.14
1990
Badacsony
Italian Riesling B.20
1980
Badacsony
Italian Riesling GK 1
1969
Keszthely
Italian Riesling GK 18
2003
Keszthely
Italian Riesling GK37
2003
Keszthely
Kadarka Kt. 4
1958
Kecskemét
Kékfrankos Kt. 1
1980
Kecskemét
Cross breeding
• The aim of cross breeding is to improve the
unfavorable characteristics of the varieties.
• The most success was in the breeding of white
wine grape varieties.
• Breeders managed to increase yielding potential
(early harvest and wood ripening), frost and winter
tolerance of buds, to improve sugar content and
aroma of berries and colour (pigments,
anthocyanins) in red grape wines.
Grapevine breeding institutes in
Hungary
•
•
•
Corvinus University, Faculty of Horticulture Science (CUFHS),
Budapest;
Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology,
- Badacsony (RIVE Badacsony)
- Eger (RIVE Eger)
- Kecskemét (RIVE Kecskemet)
- Pécs; (RIVE Pécs)
- Tarcal (RIVE Tarcal)
University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely (Georgikon).
Vitis vinifera originated white wine varieties
Variety
Parentage
Year of cross
and state
qualification
Harvest data
(day of the year kg/m2 – sugar
g/l)
Variety owner
(Leading breeder)
Cserszegi fuszeres
Irsai Olivér x Red
Traminer
1960 – 1982
258 -1.36 –195
Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi)
Ezerfurtu
Hárslevelu x Red Traminer
1950 – 1973
266 –1.24 -190
RIVE Kecskemet (Andras Kurucz)
Karát
Kovidinka x Pinot gris
1951 – 1974
288 –1.16 –210
RIVE Kecskemet (Andras Kurucz)
Korona
Juhfark x Irsai Olivér
1967 – 2002
276 –0.93 –200
Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi)
Mátrai muskotály
Izsáki x Muscat Ottonel
1952 – 1982
274 –1.07 –160
CUFHS (Pál Kozma)
Nektár
Judit x Cserszegi fűszeres
1970 – 1994
245 –1.10 –190
Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi)
Pátria
Italian Riesling x Red
Traminer
1980 – 2002
269 –1.34 –180
Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi)
Rozália
Italian Riesling x Red
Traminer
1980 – 2002
270 –1.02 –185
Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi)
Zefír
Hárslevelű x Leányka
1951 – 1983
238 –0.85 –185
RIVE Eger (Ferenc Király)
Zenit
Ezerjó x Bouvier
1951 – 1976
258 –1.28 –200
RIVE Eger (Ferenc Király)
Zéta
Bouvier x Furmint
1951 – 1990
260 –1,18 –195
RIVE Tarcal (Ferenc Király)
Zeusz
Ezerjó x Bouvier
1956 - 1994
280 –0,89 -185
RIVE Badacsony (Ferenc
Király)
Vitis vinifera originated red wine varieties
Variety
Parentage
Year of
cross and
state
qualification
Harvest data
(day of the
year - kg/m2 –
sugar g/l)
Variety owner
(Leading breeder)
Bibor kadarka
Kadarka x
1948 - 1974 287 –1.03 -185
Muscat Bouschet
CUFHS (Pál Kozma)
Kármin
Petit Bouschet x
Kadarka
1951 -1974
RIVE Kecskemet
(Andras Kurucz)
Rubintos
Blaufrankisch x
Kadarka
1951 - 1980 274 –1.23 -175
CUFHS (Pál Kozma)
Turán
(Teinturier x
Kadarka) x
(Medec noir x
Pearl of Csaba)
1964 - 1985 253 – 1.45 -165
RIVE Eger (Jozsef
D. Csizmazia)
283 –1.28 -160
Resistant white wine grape varieties
• Pearl of Zala
(SV 12358 x Pearl of Csaba, 1957)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 6
Powdery mildew – 4
Grey rot - 8
• Bianca
(SV 12375 x Bouvier, 1963)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 7
Powdery mildew – 7
Grey rot - 3
Resistant white wine grape varieties
• Pearl of Viktória
(SV 12375 x Pearl of Csaba, 1966)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 7
Powdery mildew – 7
Grey rot - 8
• Csillám
(SV 12375 x Csabagyöngye, 1966)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 7
Powdery mildew – 5
Grey rot - 5
Resistant red wine grape varieties
•
Pearl of Danube
(Seibel 4986 x Pearl of
Csaba, 1966)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 5
Powdery mildew – 6
Grey rot - 6
•
Medina
(SV 12286 x Blue Medoc,
1957)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 5
Powdery mildew – 7
Grey rot - 8
•
Nero
(SV 12375 x (Blue Medoc x
Csabagyöngye), 1970)
Resitance to
downy mildew – 5
Powdery mildew – 7
Grey rot - 8
Percentage of utilization of new varieties out of the total
Variety
1973 - 1997
1998
1999
2000
Cserszegi fuszeres
1.97
1.60
1.88
1.72
Ezerfurtu
1.63
0.23
0.20
0.07
Karát
0.19
0.02
0.00
0.00
Zefír
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
Zenit
1,13
0.26
0.26
0.16
Zéta
0.04
0.81
0.60
1.51
Bibor kadarka
0.28
2.27
0.72
0.43
Turán
0.12
1.81
1.15
1.80
Favorit
0.44
0.70
0.30
0.39
Kozma P-né muskot.
0.11
0.24
0.15
0.21
Bianca
0.98
0.61
0.57
0.82
Pearl of Zala
5.33
0.27
0.23
0.00
Pearl of Viktória
0.19
0.01
0.23
0.02
Pearl of Danube
0.02
0.66
0.08
0.17
Nero
0.20
0.17
0.13
0.20
Pölöskei muskotály
0.20
0.53
0.39
0.67
Resistant varieties
Thank you for your attention!
Thank you for your attention!