doc[ IX]. Korean with a final consonant. The Korean word, dal (moon. Jj
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[ IX]. Korean with a final consonant. The Korean word, dal (moon. Jj
[ IX]. Korean with a final consonant.
The Korean word, dal (moon. Jj) entered into many Japanese words (VI). The marker for
the dal (moon) is the final-I. The most important information about the final-l was given by
Yasumaro in the Kojiki.
§. The white hare of lnaba. 1,3
White hare(*~): *(white) has 5 more strokes than the customary S(white). This
heavily loaded *(white) is carrying Yasumaro's message.
*(white)-*(thread)-sil(K)-shiro(~ D). white. S.
-I (K)-ro(J).
Yasumaro emphasized the importance ofthe Korean final-l when he stated that Korean
words were incorporated into Japanese words with a foolproof example of the Korean final-I.
To decode this message, beside the CC, one has to know the Korean word sil(K. thread. *)
in *(white) and the Japanese word shiro(J. white).
This message is a simple one; there are more elaborately devised ones. The fables of the
serpent, crow, hare, crocodiles, the food goddess, Paekche statesman Illa, ship, flies and the
Thousand Character Text in the Kojiki and the Nihongi carry cryptic messages about the
new language.
A). Sit (K. thread. *)-shira, shiri, shiru, shiro.
1. ~(tightly): ~-gin(KR) *-sil(K)-shiri. gisshiri( :V'2_>
2. ~(tighten): *-sil(K)-shiro x,,-L. shiromu(~
0
I) ).
L). ~.
3. :¥,JTMt(Silla)(2/): Mt-*-sil(K)-shira tE-:3f. Shiragi(~ '7 :V}
Korean kingdom SilJaCK. ;f'JTMt)-Shiragi(J. :¥,JTMt).
In the compound of the Imperial Household, there were shrines for Korean gods from
Silla(;f'JTMt) and Paekche(B~) with twice yearly memorial services, which were discontinued in the middle ages.
The god from Paekche was called Kara-kami(~~:Jfr$) and the one from Silla, Sono-kami
(1£1 JiI$).
Sono(J.
1£1) means garden (VIII-A-8).
The name of this god was manufactured
from the first character of Silla(;f'JTMt) while Shiragi (1. for Silla) was from Mt, the second
character.
:¥,JTMt(lI):
:¥'Jr.---->lL-'} JT-/.
Sono('} /).
4. #-f)((reins): *-sil(K)-shiri fJ\-!k-ka(JR)
107
1£1.
Sono-kami: Sillagod. I£lJi1$.
/K-T---1.
shirigai(~ I) if-1). JJL~, ~ft
5. *e.(record, write): *~sil(K)~shiru x.~L~su(C). shirusu(~ JVA). ~E.
6. *e.1J(travelogue): *e.~*~sil(K)~shiru 1J~hreng(KR)~hre~he.
shirube(~ Jv-"Z). guide.~.
re~e.
7. *A(amateur): *~sil(K)~shiro A(person)~uto(J). shirouto(~ 02.l).
'* Examples of suffix -uto (J. person) are shown below (8-12).
8. ~(younger sister): *~=(2)~i(KR) *~mog(KR) T~U(KR) -t~ ~ .
imouto( 1 -'t: 2.l).
9. ~(younger brother): ~~:;t ~~.:E~-t~ ~ T~U(KR) -t~ ~ .
otouto(:.1" ~ 2.l).
~~:;t.
10. ~(uncle): $~:.1" -t~~b(KR). illi(:.1" V). z/SZ)(.
11. ~&A(hunter): j =j((dog)~gre(K) i1~ry6(JR) A(person)~uto(J).
kariudo(;,]
I) r)
F).
12. 3lA(expert): 3l(black)~kuro(J) A(person)~uto(J). kurouto( -10 2.l).
13. m(radish): *l~x.~L~su(C) tt~chu(KR) *~sil(K)~shiro.
suzushiro(A A'~ 0).
14. M~(close): M~-t~ ~ *~sil(K). tojiru( ~ V Jv).
ms, m~.
M.
15. ft(twist): ~~ / x4~ne(K. XI-C) *~sil(K). nejiru(.:t V Jv). ~.
16. ft(twist): ~~ / x4~yo(J) *~sil(K). yojiru(::1 V Jv). ~.
17. ft(twist): ~~ / x4~su(C) *~sil(K). SUjirU(A V Jv). ~.
18. ft(twist): L~mo(KR) *~sil(K). mojiru(-'t: V Jv). ~.
Four synonyms meaning "to twist," were made from one CC (ft) showing that the
Korean sil(thread) was incorporated into these Japanese words.
B). Kal (K. sword.
JJ= U)~kara, kari, karu, kare. ka(-It).
JJ~do(KR).
1. ~irfJJ(beginning)(2/): fJJ~ JJ ~kal(K)~kara. kara(;,] 7). from.
From beginning(~ir*}]), Japanese kara (J. from) was made (VII-CI-17).
2. m(f)(**}]$- ~)(late autumn/early winter wind): *(tree)~ko(J) *}]~ JJ~
kal(K)~kara ~~L~shi(JR).
kogarashi(:J
;']"7 ~).
nipping wind. *#1.
3. ~~(oppose): m~x.~L~sa(KR) 1J~JJ~kal(K)~kara JJ~ 7.
sakarau(-IT ;'] 7 r).
108
~.
re~a.
4. ffJj jJ (muscle power): tJ ~chiku(JR) jJ ~ 7J ~kal(K)~kara.
chikara( 1- iJ 7). strength. jJ.
5. tiJJ(fatigue): 5'~~::*::~±(soil)~tsuchi(J) j]~ }]~kal(K)~karu.
tsukaru~tsukareru('/ iJ
The jJ~ }]~kal(K)
x
1&.
4.
7. §2.(escape): }]~ J }]~kal(K)~karu. nogaru~nogareru( J iJ"
8.
Jv).
=FfP3.
6. 9J(merit): ~~T~tei(JR) jJ~JJ~kal(K)~kara. tegara(T iJ"7).
*-
v
~(escape): myeon(KR)~manu JJ~kal(K)~karu.
v
Jv). ~.
manukaru(?;Z iJ Jv)
~manukareru.
9. DY:§2.(neglect): 17~h6(JR) §2.~ }]~kal(K)~kara 17~ iJ (karasu)
5z=Si...~Y..~/Z.
hokarakasu(1t- iJ 7 iJ /Z).
DY:.
10. 1'rn§2.(quit, withdraw)(21): §2.~myeon(KR)~ma }]~kal(K)~karu.
makaru(? iJ Jv).~.
y;:J~a.
11. 1i(die): 1 =Jj((water)~mizu(J) x~? JJ~kal(K)~karu. mimakaru(:: ? i;
)V). ~~.
13. ~57-(relation): ~~~~.::L 57-~ JJ~kal(K)~kari. yukari(.::L iJ I)).
14. ~57-(relation): ~~3~ '3 *~L~su(C) 57-~JJ~kal(K). yosuga( '3 /Z iJ"). 1~,~.
15. ~~~(understand): j-Ej~:=E~wang(KR) JJ~kai(K)~karu. wakaru(7 iJ )v). fJ,
*iJ,
~4.
16. ~Ij(divide): :=E~wang(KR) JJ~kal(K)~karu. wakaru~wakareru(7 iJ v)v). 2J1j,57-.
17. §JBWU(tease)CJ:)WU~ I] =}]~kal(K)~kara ~~ 8 (day)~ka(J) ~~fij(JR).
karakau( iJ 7 iJ rJ). j:~p 18« .
18. flJ(sharp): :7R~*~+~ ~
I] =JJ~kal(K)~karu. togaru( J' iJ"Jv).
19. flJ(sharp): iJ =J]~do(KR) :7R~--r-~§ib(KR). toshi( i' ~).
:f2.
m.
20. flJ(sharp): :7R~ka(JR) Ij =}]~kal(K)~ka(-l~). kaga(iJ iJ'}
benefit, clever. flJ;@:, flJ r:J .
cf. Ashikaga(JEflJ).
21. mU(measure): ffi!Jj~ ffi!~/" Ij =J]~kal(K)~karu. hakaruC" iJ Jv).
m..
22. ~1lIl]~(firmly): ~~E2~§in(KR) 1lIl]~~ Ij =)J~kal(K)~kari. shikkari(~ 2iJ I). ~i.
23. '#jlj(shave): IJ\~so(KR) J[ =7J~kal(K)~karu. sogaru('J iJ"Jv)~sogareru~sogeru. ~.
24. fJIj(shave): Jj ~getsu(JR) iJ ~
I) . kezuri~kezuru( 7"
109
;(Jv). Rij.
25. j.1j(cut grass, rice, barley etc.): If = 7J~kal(K). karu( iJ )1--).
26.
001 m(toilet):
~Ij~
If =7J~kal(K)~ka(-LL)
ffi:t~/"~wa(7)
~~L~/"~/\(8)~ya(J).
27.
{J{~(side): ~Ij~
If =7J~kal(K)~ka(-U)
~kari( iJ I).
ffi:t~/'\.
001.
kawaya(iJ 7 f).
kawa(iJ 7).
28.'itU!/!(regulate): If =7J~kal(K)~ka(-U) :1c~-t~ ~ J!~)1--. kadoru(iJ F )1--). 'itU,:±..
29. ~(sharpen a sword): 7J~do(KR) ~~jz~;7. 1Qgy( ~ ;7").
WF.
C). Bul (K. fire. j(=ill\)~bura, buri, buru.
1. ~(fat): * ~hwa(KR)~a(hw t) * ~bul(K)~bura. abura('/ 7" 7). oil, fat. ?EB, ij~.
2. ~(roast): ~=~~ ~ ~ '/ *~bul(K)~buru. aburu('/ 7")1--). :ff<..
3.1m(smoke): m:~T~1 *~bul(K)~buru. iburu( 17")1--).
4.1m(smoke): ~~kun(JR) J\\\(karasu) *~bul(K)~buru. kusuburu(;7 A 7")1--)~kusuberu.
5.1m(smoke): ~~hun(KR) J\\\(karasu) *~bul(K)~buru. fusuburu(7 A 7")V)~fusuberu.
6. ~(tumip): ~~EB~T~@n J\\\=*~bul(K)~bura. kabura(iJ 7"7).
7.
:tJ2;]~(smoke)Cf)~~ke(JR) :tJ2;]~*~bul(K)~buri.
keburi(-77"
I)
~kemuri( -7 L I).
1Jf..
b~m.
8. llfl(very. XVII-5I)+-~J[: ffi:t~~(cursive)~A Q~:::1 *~bul(K)~buru.
sukoburu(A :::1 7"Jl,}
9.
g~(sleep. XVII-75)+-~';: UD~4~ne(K) *~bul(K)~buru.
~nemuru(.t L
)1--).
neburu(.t 7")V)
UD(net): also shorthand of 1Z3(4).
b~m.
10. fYX(swing): fj(~*~bul(K)~bura 1j!!:~ Q~:::1 *~*(tree)~ko(J).
burakoko~furakoko(7
7 :::1 :::1). ¥fxtJ.
11. fYX(swing): fj(~*~bul(K)~bura 1j!!:~Q~:::1. buranko(7"7 /-" :::1). fYXtJ.
12. fYX(swing):
1j!!:~.$~±~.::r.. .$~±~sa(KR) *~hwa(KR)
--t+ ~
I).
yusawari(.::r.. -IT '7 I). fYXtJ.
13. *:(flame): *(fire)~ho(J) *~bul(K)~bura. homura(it L 7).
b~m.
D). Sal (K. flesh. ~=.J1 =:P)~sara, sari, saru, sare.
1.
t'5 ~(decay)(2=): *(tree)~ku(J)
~~sal(K)~saru.
kusaru(;7 -IT )1--).
2. i\(exceed): {}(mind)~mam(K) Jj =~~sal(K)~saru. masaru(?-lT )1--). ~.
110
*:ku.
3. Wit l] I(shorts)( 1/): Wit - }j = ~ -sal(K)-saru ~ - X(again)-mata(J).
sarumata(-+T Jv? )?). ~W;t
4. ~(certain): j7=}j =~-sal(K). saru(-+T Jv).
There are about 12 more words which contain saru(~. -+T Jv)?9
5. ¥3(~(simply): ~-!k-hwa(KR)-a(hwt) ~-j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sari.
assari(7 2 -+T
6.
~(so):
I) ).
hwa-a.
j7=}j =~-sal. sari(-+T I) ).
7. ~(one's look, an air): j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sari 7t(dog)-gre(K). sarige(-+T I) ~}
8. ~(however): j7=}j=~-sal(K)-sari
*-7 7t(dog)-gre(K)
}j -7 (karasu). sarinagara(-+T
I)
7 if 7). ~"F.
re-a.
9. ~iJJ'(neglect)(2/): iJJ,- B (day)-nal(K) B (sun)-ho(J) oo-}j =~-sal(K)
-sari. naozari(-t-:;t-If' I).
There are about six more words which contain sari(~. -+T
10. ~(then, goodbye): j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sara
11.
~(unless):
J\\\_/'.
I)
~~.
B:ho.
).39
saraba(-+T 7 /~).
j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sara J\\\(karasu) J\\\_/'-wa. sarCk.'7llwa(-+T 7 ;(1]).
There are two more words which contain sara(~. -+T 7 ).39
12.
~(therefore):
j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sare
J\\\_/'.
sareba(-+T
l.//~).
13. ~(but): j7=}j =~-sal(K)-sare }j - B - ~ . saredo(-+T v F).
14. ~(flesh): A-jin(JR)x2-jiji(~ ~)-shishi(:/ :/).
E). Nal (K. day. El)-nara, nari, narn.
na(-It).
cf. niku(~).
Mongolian nar: sun( B).
1. :i:(pile up): EfI-gf!:b(KR) EB-±-sa(KR) B -nal(K)-naru. kasanaru(iJ -+T-t- Jv).
2. ~(thunder): EB-T-gf!:n = - 2. B -nal(K)-nari. kaminari( iJ 2. -t-
I).
3. ~(differ): l.J _::J EB-+- ~ B -nal(K)-naru. kotonaru(::J ~ 7 Jv).
4. l!I(prosper): J:-=-sam(KR) T-gan B -nal(K)-nari.
sakannari(-+T iJ /7
I).
~.50
5. ~Goin): ±(soil)-tsuchi(J) ~-ryeon(KR)-ra B -nal(K)-naru.
tsuranaru('/ 77 Jv). ~,7'U.
6. ~Goin): ±(soil)-tsuchi(J) ~-ren(JR). tsure('/v).* companion.
7. ~Goin): ~-tsure(J)* EB-IB-IL _JV. tsureru('/
111
v Jv). accompanied.
~.
8. ~(leam): S~ B ~nal(K)~nara ;g;g~u(KR). narau(T'7 rJ). tl,~, {1fJ..
9. tJ1(final particle, also. XVII-95)~~: B ~nal(K). nari(T
I) ).
This character( tJ1) is being erased from the Japanese dictionary.
10. I/l(tinnitus): Jt~=~ 2. ~~83~±~-~ 2. 83~ B ~nal(K)~nari.
miminari( 2. 2. T I).
~ear(Jt): mimi. sound(~~): naru.
11. ~(sun): B ~ 1:: B ~nal(K) H ~dan(KR). hinata( 1:: T -)1.). sunny spot. B (0].
12. ~i(eel): ~~JZ.~u(KR) B ~nal(K) ~~gyo(JR). unagi(rJ T:!Jf}
13. t!P(namely):
b~su(C)
14.l!i(present):
wr~
'/
B ~nal(K)
B ~nal(K)
b~/"~/~(8)~hachi(JR).
rn~x § ~mog(KR) J:I.~
sunawachi(A T r; 1-).
/ .
sonaemono('/ TXt /). offering. ~~, ~~.
F). Mal (K. word. ~)~mari, maru, mare.
ma(-It).
1. 1iiI(=iIJ . circle): § ~mal(K)~maru(? Jv). ~marui. YL.
2. 1: ~(be born): 1:. ~4~u(KR) ~~ § ~mal(K)~maru.
umaru(rJ? Jv)~umareru. 1:., &.
3. ~~(decide)(2/): ~~~~ki(JR) § ~mal(K)~maru.
kimaru(:\-? Jv)~kimu, kimeru. ~.
4.
m§ (be silent): m~ 83 (farm)~ta(J) § ~mal(K)~maru.
damam( -)1."? JV).
5. *5~(conclusion): ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) § ~mal(K)~mari. tsumari(,!? I). ~.
The ~(question, examine, punish) is used for conclusion(*5~) in Japanese. Why?
Explanation: *5~~*5(E), ~(§). § +E~~.
*5~~§j!f.
In Japanese, the meaning of ~ is different to the original.
6. ~(question, examine, punish): ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) § ~mal(K)~maru.
tsumaru('!? Jv). be stopped up, obstructed. ~.
7.
~(error): ~~ ~~ ~4~na(K.
XI -C) §
~mal(K)~mari.
namari(T? I). accent, dialect. g{t.
8. ~1i!=(honor): *~ * § ~mal(K)~mare. homare(*? v). 1i!=.
9.
10.
~(tell): :3t~
/
~(tell): :3t~
/
:3t~tai(JR)
:3t~tai(JR)
§ ~mal(K) JL~ J[~ 7. notamau( / -)1.? rJ). '§.
§ ~mal(K) A~/" JL~ IJ ~gu(KR).
notamawaku( / -)1.? r; -J). '§, B.
112
11. ~(tell)(iJ/): }t~/ R~Jv. noru(/ Jv). '§,
15, /fllL.
12. ~(lead astray): § ~mal(K) ---'-~ ~ ~(wing)~ha(J) ~~ ;~~4~su(C).
madowasu(? F r; A). ~.
G). Hwal (K. bow. ~)~hara, harn, hare.
ha(-It).
(1-14).
~~gnng(KR). ~="5(cnrsive)~.:z.. ~~=~ ~.
(14-25).
1. ~(hold, stick): i:::j~hwal(K)~harue' Jv).
2. ~~(maternal aunt):30 ~~i:::j~hwal(K)~hara i:::j~iJ '7 (karasu).
harakarae' '7 iJ '7). compatriot. FPJ H§.
3. m(shake): i:::j~hwal(K)~hara ~~ft~ 7. harau(,." '7 rJ).
4. ~(Rain stops.): ~~i:::j~hwal(K)~haru~harerue'
v
1L..
JV). clear up. Bflf.
5. ik~~(soft)(2/): ~~~~g(KR) i:::j~hwal(K)~hara i:::j~ iJ (karasu).
yawaraka(~r;
'7 iJ).
~,~.
6. *1§1(pull): 4~±~ t: i:::j~hwal(K)~haru. hipparu(t: ..:~.:,~Jv). I§I~.
7. ft§~(Ohari): ft§(tail)~o(J) ~~i:::j~hwal(K)~hari. Ohari(;t /'- I) ).
8. 5~(stiffen): D ~::1 b.~/' t:j~hwal(K)~haru. kowabaru(::1 r; /-{ Jv). 5~~.
9. S!E(severe): I=j:l~::\- .9:t~chung(KR) s!E~J:~=(2)~i(KR). kitsui(::\- ''J -1).
10. 5~(tough): i:::j~::1 b.~/' =(2)~i(KR). *kowai(::1 r; -1). hardened.
11. !~(afraid): I~::1 {}~/'~wa(r;) I~=(2)~i(KR). *kowai(::1 r; -1). 't;frJ, !~.
12. s'(shot): i:::j~hwal(K)~ha EB~±(soil)~tsuchi(J) -~ ~ .
hazumie':A' 2.). momentum.
tsu(''J)~zu(''J'')~zu(:A}
13. sl(ends ofa bow): t:j~hwal(K)~ha ;fj~sug(KR). hazue'-:A}
This word also means "ought to (be, do)." ~?9
14. 5,I(ends ofa bow): i:::j("5)~.::z.. i:::j~hwal(K) :Ii~sug(KR). yuhazu(.::z../':A} t:j~.
15. ~(gruel): i:::j~ iJ (karasu) t:j("5)~.::z...
kIDJJ( iJ .::z..).
16. SR:(archer's thimble): i:::j("5)~.::z.. ::R:~kai(JR) SR:~ketsu(JR). yugake(.::z.. iJ·'7).
17. s#(middle of bow): i:::j("5)~.::z.. i-~sun(A /'. JR) t:j~iJ(karasu). yuzuka(.::z.. :A'iJ).
18. 5&~(loosen): i:::j("5)~.::z.. iJm(low)~)L~Jv *~.k~L. yurumu(.::z..JvL).
19. S!E§'f!f(extort)(1/): s!E~t:j("5)~.::z.. b.~su(C) I=j:l~ I). yusuri(.::z.. A I)).
113
5&.
20. l!&-(hot water. XVII-IO)+---g~: C;iCs-)--+..l. yg(..l).
21. ~(bow): ~(c5)--+..l t:3--+-=:--+ 2 . yumi(..::l· :: ).
22. ff~(incense): ::;t--+T--+~b(KR) ::;t(tree)--+ki(J) ~--+I=j--+-=:--+ ::. shikimi(:/::\- ::). ff~.
23. ~~~I(earthworm): ~--+---+:: ~--+-=:--+:: :H--+chung(KR). mimizu( 2 :: /Z} iJ!IT~~I.
24.
'J I(pull):
ij--+:::J l=j--+gyng(KR). kogu(:::J /} uproot. ;J:R.
25. ~wHE(rose of Sharon): ~--+mu(KR) S--+gyng(KR) ::tE--+{t,--+ke(JR).
mukuge( L / 7''). ::;ttl.
II). Hal (K. foot. JE)--+bara, barn.
baHn.
l. ~~(traffic controller): ~--+:t---+ J:--+sa(KR) cf:--+::\- JE --+bal(K)--+bara B --+ 1::: .
sakibarai(-tJ- ::\- F\ 7 1'). advance guard.
cf. !fJ[!Ckeihitsu. JR).
2. a. ~muru, muro.
muru, mu(-l~)~verb ending.
l. ri(rough, uneven): ~~ill~M~4~shi(JR) ~ =7j(~mul(K)~muru.
shimuru~shiburu(:y
7"Jv). reluctant.
m+-+b.
2. ltL*(military camp)(21): *~ffi(farm)~ta(J) 7.K~mul(K)~muro.
tamuro( 7< A 0). ltL.
3. :!:J.19.(bury):
Ej3~
They used K. character *(rice field) in Japan.
B (sun)~ho(J)
ll~±~J:(above)~u(K)
.
N~ ~ =7j(~mul(K)~muru. hOmuru(* rJ A Jv).~.
B: ho.
4. ~(cleanse): a).'$~3~=(2)~i(KR) ~ =7.K~mul(K). imu( -1 A). shun. ~,'~.
b). 3~=(2)~i(KR) ~ =7j(~mizu(J) *~:?t. imiki( -1 ~ ::\-). ,~--t.
Ancient hereditary title of powerful clans from Korea.
5. 't$¥i(emaciated)(21): ffi~ B (day)~ka(J) ffi~+~~b(KR) B (day)~ka(J)
~ =7.K~mul(K). kazikamu( 7J S;
6.
iR( draw water): JJz ~ggb(KR)
7J A). ,t$.
~ =7.K~mul(K). kumu( 1 A).
7. r~(mixed): ~~kon(JR) ~ =7j(~mul(K). komu(:J A). mixed, confused. r~.
8. rl(sink): 123(4)~shi(JR) ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) ~ =7.K~mul(K).
shizumu(:y A' A). sink.
It.
9. r~(filter): r~~:Y }j (moon)~dal(K) ~ =7.K~mul(K). shitamu(:y 7< A). ?'~,!I.
10. rtm(stagnate): ~~*~T ~ =7.K~su(KR) m~ ~ =7.K~mul(K).
nazumu(T A'A). troubled by.
11. {1}[:(face): {.sL~ -1 ~ / 1I.~ 'J ~ =7.K~mul(K). nozomu( / 'J"A).
itt,.
w.;.
12. JElIi(step on): 7.K~7 7.K~mul(K). fumu(7 A).
l3. JElIi(step on): B (sun)~ho(J) 7.K~mul(K). homu(* A).
B: ho.
14. ~(envy): ~~T~U(KR) ~(rt)~7 $~~ng(KR) ~ =7j(~mul(K).
urayamu(rJ 7 fA).
15. ~lj(wet): ~~T~u(KR) F'~rB~IL~Jv ~ =7.K~mul(K). urumu(rJ JVA).
16. r¥(stagnant): ~~ '3 +~
17. 13l~(steal)(2=):
X ~)l.
r
~ =7j(~mul(K). yodomu( '3 FA).
m:.
7.. ~~ ~ =7.K~mul(K). nusumu()l. 7.. A). ~.
18. ~(steam): 7j(~mul(K) I\\\(karasu). musu( A 7..). 'fti,.
19. ~(steam): 7j(~7 1\\\=)(~ka(JR) 7j(~su(KR). fukasu(7 7J 7..).
115
20. iU(peel): >J<=Jj(~mul(K) iU(upper It)~ J. muku( 1>. J).
21. iU(peel): >J<~/' rj = ]J(sword)~kal(K) >J<=J..K.~su(KR). hagasue' if;Z).
22. iU(peel): iU~>J<=J..K.~su(KR) iU(upper It)~ J. suku(;z, J).
23. iU(peel)( 7J I): >J<~/' iU(upper It)~ J. hrume' J}
Korean mul(water. J..K.) as well as KR of J..K.(su) gave many verb endings.
K). Dol (K. stone. :O)~dori, doro.
1.1tiJ(rumble): )iJ~---'-~ ~ :[]~dol(K)~doro P~gu(KR). todoroku( ~ F'P J).
ft.
2. ~~(fortress): :[]~dol(K)~dori B3~den(JR). toride( ~ I) "Y} ~.
3. ~(blue-green in Japanese): ~(blue)~ao(J) ~~:=E~=~ 2.
:[]~dol(K)~dori. (ao)midori~midori(
2. F
I). green.MJ.
L). Mal (K. horse. ,~)~marn.
1. .(cower): !W#;~J\\\(karasu) 1:lJ~ P ~gu(KR) ,~~mal(K)~maru.
sukumaru(;z, J ? Jv )~sukubaru(;z, J /" Jv).~.
m~b.
2. ,~(stay): ±~---'-~ ~ -t~ ~ ,~~mal(K)~maru. todomaru( ~ F? Jv).
M). Mal (K. stop.l.I:.)~maru.
,stop: mal-da (K. ~q).
1. l1::(stop): l1::~ ~ l1::~mal(K)~maru. tomaru( ~ ? JV).
2.JEt(crouch): l1::~J::(above)~u(K) JE~jog(KR)~zuku(XIV-K)
l1::~mal(K)~maru.
N). Sal (K. arrow. *)~saru.
uzukumaru(r7 ;{ J? Jv).
cf. VIII-G-5.
35l.
1. 3f*(monkey): ~~~(arrow)~sal(K)~saru(-tt Jv).
* Yamato-kotoba saru(monkey) reconstitutes the 7
th
century Korean word sal(arrow).
0). Bam (K. chestnut. ~)~bami, hami.
Brem (K. snake. !IrE)~bami, hami.
The Korean words bam (chestnut) and brem(snake) became homonyms.
1. :=E~'E(king snake): .3:.~±~J::(above)~u(K) ~~wang(KR)
~'E(snake)~brem(K). uwabami(r7
7/" 2. ).
2. !bl~'E(viper): -)z ~ J -)z ~chi(KR) ~'E(snake)~brem(K). kuchibami( J 1- /" 2. ).
Syno. !bl(viper): ~~X~? EE.(worm)~mushi(J). mamushi(? 1>. ~).
3. *~'E(poison snake): .~dog(KR) ~'E(snake)~brem(K). dokuhami( F J /, 2. ).
116
4. i"(hazelnut)CJttzU/J<~): ~-+*-+hwa(KR) *-++-+gb(KR)
~(chestnut)-+bam(K). hashibami(-," / /" ::. ).
5. iW(~)(acorn): doto-ri(K)-+tsuru *(chestnut)-+bam(K). tsurubamiC1 }~/" ::. ).
Data was simplified by tsu('1); ri(K)-+ru (i-+u) simulates u of (su(1).
P). Mam (K. mind. I~')-+mama.
ma(-mt).
1. l75<:~(wayward): 175<:-+ JJ-+h6(JR) ~-+:Jz-+shi(JR) ~-+ A=1 (radical)
'Li-+mam(K). hoshiimama(it /177). {f,fft
2. a. fG?,(endure): fG?,-+ JJ-+ t; (karasu) {}-+mam(K) ))= Ij -+
kamari( t; 7
I)).
I) .
spy.
cf. ninja(liJ$i).
b. Je(endure): ,c.'-+~m(KR) JJ-+ / 7. shil1obu(/ / 7} shinobi(/ / co). spy.
3. m,~,(form a thought)(21): }~\-+ ES-+T-+gf!n {}-+mam(K) ES-+.:L {}-+}~.
kamaeru( t; 7.:L }~). take a stance.
cf. kokorogamae(,CA~): one's mental attitude.
tN.
kokoro(1. mind. ,c.,. XVII -27).
4. pjj~(optional)(21): ~-+,c.'-+mam(K) B -+=-+.::::..
manix2-+manimani(7'::::' 7'::::'). pjj, pjj~.
5. Xl~(phantom)CIJ~-+,c.'-+mam(K) ~-+hog(KR) ~-+ D
.L..-+b-+shi(JR). maboroshi(7;f-° D
/).
xl.
6. ;M(make an effort): 7\.-+7 ,c.'-+mam(K) }(-+A-+jin(JR) A=1 (radical).
namajii(7 7 :; 1). making an effort in vain.
Q). Son (K. hand . .:f.)-+so.
cf. n-B-6(o~r)
L ti~~(buff): 3-+[:]-+::1 =F-+son(K) *(tree)-+ke(J)
M(last 2 strokes)-+ JL -+}~. kosogeru(::1 '/ 7"}~ )-+kosogu. ti~.
2. ~(all, every): 8 (rt)-+ ::1 =F-+son(K)
=F-+ T -+tei(JR). kosote-+kozotte(::1 / 2 T).
3. ~(strike):3o *(tree)-+ko(J) :} ==F-+son(K) 8-+ r:J -+£!!(KR)
B ([0)-+ IL -+}~. kosoguru(::1 '/ /,oo}~). tickle. 1~.39
4.1~(strike):30 *(tree)-+ku(J) :} ==F-+su(KR) 8-+ P -+gu(KR) B ([0)-+ IL -+}~.
kusuguru( /' ::z. /,oo}~). tickle. 1~.39
5.}ffi\(harm): :}==F-+son(K) i:J-+::1 +-+7 .R-+7. sokonau(,/::177).
6. ~WJ(instigation)(2/):
WJ-+ :} ==F-+son(K) B --1::1 --gu(KR)
117
~(low rt)~ '7 (karasu). sokura( '/ .Ij
R). Ib (K. mouth.
1.
~(suspect):
1=I)~ibu, i(b~).
cf.
'7).
~ib.
II-B-6(j~n).
§ ~ Q ~ib(K)~ibu ;f~ka(JR) ;f(upper part)~ IL~ JV.
ibukaru( 1 -1" 7J Jv).
2. § m(omen ofking's death): § ~ Q ~ib(K)~ibu m(house)~ya(J).
ibuya( 1 7"f)~ifuya( 1 '7 f).
3. ~35(induce):3o
~35: § ~
1,"'1
cf. Nihongi: 5th year of Saimei. § m.
c U(itomu) is attatched for Japanese reading.
Q ~ib(K) ~~~do(old KR) ~~~>J<=7j(water)~mul(K).
itomu( 1 ~ A). challenge, vie. f!5.
4. :iiJm(trade): ffi~ T ~ 7 ffl~ffi~±(soil)~tsuchi(J) ffl~}j ~'7(karasu)
±~:I.. lm~fill~Jv. atsuraeru(7 ''J '7 .:LJv). place an order.
W5. 39
"To place an order" is very different from the original meaning of ~35.30
5. t5Gill(still more, still less): JL~ Q~ib t5G~hwang(KR) ill~ya(KR) iwanya( 1 '7 /-' f).
S). Sum (K. breath. ~)~sumu.
1. :t~jJ§H dwell)(21): )~,~sum(K)~sumu( A A). live. {.t,
fl.
2. ft~,(rest): ft~*~/~(8)~ya(J) )~,~sum(K). yasumu(f A A). ft.
T). AI (K. granule, drop. ~)~ara.
1. *j[~(hail)(1I): *~(granule)~al(K)~ara 1L~rib(KR).
arari~arare(7
'7 v). ~(*j[~).
* The Paekche words incorporated into Yamato-kotoba turned out to be modern Korean.
This means the people ofPaekche and Silla spoke the same language, since modern
Korean comes from the Silla language.
The same can be said for the Korean words used in chapters X and XI.
118
l~e.
[ x ]. Korean without a final consonant.
Hre(sun), gre(dog), sre(bird), dre(bamboo), etc. are short and without a final consonant.
* re: pronounced like
They can be easily woven into Japanese words.
~
in c~t.
A). Hre (K. sun. B )-ha, he.
re-a, e.
1. ~(yes): B -hre(K) =(2)-i(KR). haie" -1).
2. RI(wear): ~ - B -hre(K) 5z..- /'. hakue" /').
3. J1'(skin): ~-83- B -hre(K) Jj (moon)-dal(K). hada{-"" 3<}
4. ~(stray): *,- B -hre(K) *,- /' )L- v JV. haguru, hagurerue' /,"v Jv).
5. ~(insert):
6.
~(ginger):
-fi- B -hre(K) L-sa(KR) L-L. hasamue"-tj- L). 1X.
83- B -hre(K)
-t-~b(KR) 83-:=E-T-~n
__ 2..
haiikamie" :; iJ 2.).
7. ffJJ(work): ][- B -hre(K) 83(farm)-ta(J) JJ-ryeog(KR)-rag.
hatarakue" 5< 7 /'). ffJJ(J. character).
8. ~(bee):
58- B -hre(K) 5z..-chi(KR).
hachie"+).
9. ~(a little): B -hre(K) :=E-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) T-gf!:n. hatsuka{-"" '/ iJ).
10. ~(bychance): fiEJ-:=E-wang(KR) fiEJ-/' Jj-7(karasu) 83-B-hre(K)
4-=-.=.. wakurabani(17 /' 7 /'\.=.). ~Jl8.
11. F>fl~(cultivation)(l/): F>fl- B -hre(K)
12.1i1(swell): ][- B -hre(K)
ft- I) . harie"
Je-)L- v JV.
13. :1d'8(serpent): *-/~(8)-/"
I). ~.
hareru{-"" v Jv). HI.
58- B -hre(K).
hahae v ,,).
Haha (J. large snake) is a homonym of mother (J. haha).
14. ~~(width): 83- B B -hreCK)x2-haha-haba. haba{-"v<).
15. '11I!(afraid, hesitate): ¥-Etl-83-B B -hreCK)x2-haha-haba
Etl-~b(KR)
,[, ={}_Jv. habakarue v < iJ Jv).
16. ]f(child): lil.-83-B-wal(KR)-wara 83- B -hre(K)-ha, he.
warawa(17 7 17), warabe(17 7
17. ru!(abdomen): B -hre(K) ~(lower part)-7. harae" 7).
~).
cf. II-B-6(s, t).
18. MJ(bowel): B -hre(K) ~-7 (karasu) Jj -weol(KR)-wa J:l-dan(KR).
harawatae" 717 5<). -wata(17 5<). MJ.
119
:}-a.
Dr.
19. jj~(hard roe): jr,~83~ B ~hre(K) ~F(lt side)~'7 ::J. haragoe" '7 ::J"),
20. ~~JE8(distance): ~~~ B ~hre(K) }j (moon)~dal(K)
JE8~JE(enough)~tari(J).
hedatari(""'-)<''')<' I).
1Wi, JE8.
21. MIWi(difference): ~~~ B ~hre(K) }j (moon)~dal(K) ~~ T ~tei(JR).
hedate( ""'-)<''' f).
1Wi.
22. ii(kitchen range): B ~hre(K) ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) B ~ c.. hetsui(""'- ''J -1 )~hettsui.
23. ~B(snake): ;E~ B ~hre(K) '8~ t,~bi(KR). hebi(""'- c').
24 . .t¥tX(snatch): ~~J:(above)~u(K) -*~ B ~hre(K) ~~X~ 7. ubau(r7 /'U7). $.
25.IH!(summary): B ~hre(K) jz~ 7 J. habukue" 7" J). omit. ~.
26.IH!(summary)(Ant): 83~±(soil)~tsuchi(J) jz~X~? B ~ c. IH!~
wg(KR)~ra(y~) -'lr-~~g(KR).
tsumabiraka(,'J?
c' '7 iJ).
detailed. ~$.
27. 5-'(play a stringed instrument): 83~ B (sun)~hre(K) -t~sib(KR)
P~gu(KR). hajikue":; J).
5-'.
28. 5-'(play a stringed instrument): 83 ~ B ~ C. P ~gu(KR). hiku( c. J).
29. IJ\'(~(urine)(2/): {~~EB~yu(KR) B (sun)~hre(K) £~5t.~ I). yubari(..::L/O;;- I).
30.
IJ\'~(urine)(2/): ~~-1
B (sun)~hre(K)
31. 1}~(urine)(2/): 83~-t~sib(KR) -t~
£~3t:~ I).
r.
shito(~
ibari( -1/0;;-1).
FR,
IJ\~.
r). FR, IJ\~.
Shobensuru (to urinate. /J\~T G) is a Chinese loan-word.
B). Gre (K. dog. 7?;.= 5 )~ga, ge.
1.1~j#(dogfight)(2=): ~~=(2)~i(KR) 1 =::*:~gre(K) fr~A.
igamu( -1 iJ"A). snarl. PlI.
2. ~jjj\:(unusual): 83~3::~6(JR) jjj\:~::*:~gre(K)
ff ~sh6U::::.3 r7. JR)
::*:~A=-1
(radical). okashii(:;f iJ ~ -1).
3. ~(smell): ::*:~gre(K) P~gu(KR). ~(iJ J"). sniff.
4. 'I~(sorrow): ::*:~gre(K) *~T 'I' =,c}~sim(KR). kanashimu(iJ T ~ A). @.
5. &'~(surely)(2/): ~~::*:~gre(K) *~T j7=}j~'7(karasu)
""(karasu). kanarazu( iJ T'7 A} &'.
6. 31(catch): m~chu(KR) 1=::*:~gre(K) X~? 3::~.I.. m~§E~IL~}v.
tsukamaeru(''J iJ ?.I..}v).
120
7. ji(hunt): j =*~gre(K) it~n:6(JR). kari(iJ I)). ~';f.
8. ~~(probably)(2/): *~gre(K) p~~ J\\\~4~shi(JR). kedashi(-7 ~"~). ~.
9.IJt(beast): *~gre(K) EB(farm)~ta(J) :=E~-t *~ J. kedamono(-7 ~".:f:: J).
10. ~(but): gurredo(K)~guredo~keredo( -7
keredo~dakeredo( ~"
-7
v F).
v F): keredomo~dakeredomo.
P~~"(da).
* Redo(v V) ofkeredo(J) and dakeredo(J) comes from gurredo (K. but).
11. ~(but): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K). shikaredo(~ iJ
v
F)~shikaredomo.
12. ~(so, yes): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K). shika(~ iJ). ~,
'm.
13. ~(besides): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K.). shikamo(~ iJ~. ~,
* keredomo, dakeredomo, shikaredomo, shikamo.
ffIT.'
cf. XI-D for mo.
14. ~~(yes, indeed): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K) ~~:=E~=~sam(KR)
~sama.
shikasama( ~ iJ -IT '"7).
15. ~~(yes, indeed): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K). shigax2~shikashika(~ iJ ~ iJ). ~~.
16.
~~(and
so on):
J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K). shigax2~shikajika(~
iJ :; iJ).
AA.
17. ~~M(puzzled look): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K) ~~EB~-t~T
M(face)~kao(J). shikanagao(~
iJ T iJ";t).
18. ~Gust as it is): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K) *~T
P= Yl ~ iJ 7 (karasu). shikanagara( ~ iJ T
19. ~(if so, then): J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K)
P= Yl ~ 7 (karasu)
shikaraba(~
20.
~(it
*
is so):
J\\\~4~shi(JR)
*
~gre(K)
iJ 7/-{).
J\\\~/".
cf. saraba (IX-D-I0).
P= Yl ~ I). shikari( ~ iJ
~: J\\\~4~shi(JR) *~gre(K)~shika(~
iJ" 7).
I)).
iJ)xlO (from 11 to 20, above).
21. ~(then): *~*~dre(KR)~de J\\\~/". dewa(T"lJ).
cf. shikaraba(l9 above).
22. *~(indeed): *~EB~±~sa(KR) ~~J\\\(karasu) *~gre(K).
-1-;'
sasuga( -H'J ;Z /J).
23-. ffi~(as if)(2/): ~~J\\\~4~sa(KR) *~T *~gre(K)
'§j::r.t;T::
~,VIL-1-I.
P=}j ~7(karasu).
sanagara(-ITT 11"7). ~1=, ffi.
24. ~(but): *~A~jin(JR. :; /)~shi(~) *~gre(K) J\\\~4~shi(JR). shikashi(~ iJ ~).
25. ~(silent): )W,~J\\\~4~shi(JR) ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) *~gre(K). shizuka(~ A'iJ). Iff.
121
26. !\(silent): ~~.::E~.::c *~*~tai(JR). moda(.::c;)?").
27. ~(but):
P ~;)?
* ~gre(K). taga( ;)?" if).
28. ~(but): 1\\\~4~shi(JR) P~;)? *~gre(K). shitaga(~;)? if).
29. ~(figure): ~~)\\\(karasu) *~gre(K) P~;)?
sugata(A if;)?). ~.
30. a. ~~(all)(2/): ~~I\\\(karasu) *~gre(K) p=Jj ~ I). sukkari(AziJ I).
b. ~~(all): ~~_~sam(KR) *~/\(8)~pal(KR). sappari(-Ij- Z / - { I).
31. m(plot): W~/\(8)~/" *~gre(K) ggj~I2B~Jv. hakaru(-''' iJ Jv). ~.
32. m(plot): *~tai(JR) W~/\(8)~/" *~gre(K) ggj~I2B~Jv. tabakaru(;)? /{ iJ Jv). ~.
33. {f-I(I~(unexpected): {f-I(I~rn(farm)~ta(J) rtJ~k J\\\~4~sa(KR)
*~gre(K). tamusaka~tamasaka(;)?
?-Ij- iJ). {f-I(I.
In 33 (tamasaka), k(mu) was changed to ?(ma). To show this is not an isolated case,
three other examples are listed
(34~36).
34. ~(egg): ~~dan(KR) EE~k O~::1. tamugo~tamago(;)??::1} §~.
35. ~(soul): rn(farm)~ta(J) ':i;;~k JfL~L~shi(JR) ':i;;~=(2)~i(KR).
tamushii~tamashii(;)?
?
~
-1 ).
36. 9\i(coil, curl up): rn~.::E~wang(KR) rn(farm)~ta(J) *~ka(JR) EE~k
rn~IB~ IL ~JV. watakamuru~watakamaru('7;)? iJ? JV).
cf. man's name: Yamada Nagamasa
(~1630
AD).
Japanese may be called the language of the first vowel.
37. ?E~(vacantly): -C~b6(JR) ~~*~gyeon(KR). bokan(iKiJ /).
C). Dre (K. bamboo.1t)~da, dae.
1. 1J (bamboo): 11 ~dre(K) 1J ~ 7". take(;)? 7").
2. Jff(bamboo hoop): 1J~dre(K) JJl~ka(JR). taga(;)? iJ").
m.
3. ~(pipe): 0 ~gu(KR) 1J ~dre(K). kuda(:7;)?").
4. ~(answer): if~ 0 ~::1
tr ~dre(K).
kotae(::1 ;)? X).
5. •(bamboo blind): -t~su(C) 1J~dre(K) .~ren(JR). sudare(A;)?" v).
6. ~(bamboo basket): .::E ~T~gf!:n 1J~dre(K) =~ 2 . katami( iJ ;)? 2 ).
7. JJiZii(inn): :1J~hau(old spelling. JR) 1J ~dre(K) rm~B~::1. hatago(-''';)?::1}
122
D). U, wi (K. above. 1::)-u, yu.
wi-yu.
1. J:(above): J:-u(K). ue(rJ x)*(J and K).
-e: positional suffix in K and J.
2. ~re(starved tiger)(2/): Fb-J:-ue* re-)L-Jv. ueru('/ XJv). starve. ~.
3. r~(whirl): rWJ-J:-u(K)
'1 =7.K-su(KR).
uzu(rJ A}
4. Em(lie): Fb-J:-u(K) Em(lower part)- 'I. uso(rJ 'I). 1JIj.
The meaning of IJIj is to exhale. In Japanese, IJIj means lie.
5. ;tli(suspect)Cf)Fb-J:-u(K) J~\-EE(farm)-ta(J) B (day)-ka(J)
~-~-A-7. utagau('/ 1< ifrJ). ;to
6. Jj[~(hollow): Fb-J:-u(K) ~-EE-±(soil)-tsuchi P_1:1.
utsuro( rJ ''J 1:1). ~,?~,!1t.
7. JmE(unacquainted): 1I:-J:-u(K) 11:- ~ L-shi(JR). utoshi-utoi(rJ ~
8. ~{~(fortune-telling): ~-J:-u(K) {~-~-X-7
~(=JmE).
~,
r.
A-T
~-=(2)-i(KR). uranai(rJ 7
9. ~(mountain pass): J:- ~ J:-u(K)
-1).
T -ge(JR). tOge(
~ '/~}
T -1).
i$f(J. character).
10.1~(finger): \§'( I:::: also written as J:)34,50_J:(wi. K)-yu B -1::.. yubi(.:::z... c').
11. § J:::§(eyebrow): § (eye)-ma(J) J:(wi. K)-yu ::§(hair)-ke(J).
mayuge(?.:::z...~} fi§::§.
-mayu(}§).
12. ~(lose): ~-±-J:-u(K) ~-sil(KR) ~-A-T 7. ushinau('/ ~ T rJ).
13. J:~(tasty): J:-u(K) ~(taste)-mad(K) *-=(2)-i(KR). umai(rJ? -1). ~~.
14. frlIi(shore): t!7-1I:-J:-u(K) Jt-.§i(cursive)-7. ura('/7). bay.
?ffi.
15. M(glance furtively): ~-±-J:-u(K) F~- B (day)-ka(J)x2
~-A-7. ukagau('/ f; f;"'/). watch.
16. It(party): ~-T-gf!n It-dang(KR) ±(soil)-tsuchi(J)
m.
J\\\_/'\
±-J:-u(K). katachihau(f; 1< 7-/'\ '/). partial. fl,
IWIlt.
Nobility(fl) is used as partial(lt).
17. tmf(discrepant): P -gu(KR) 1i-=-i(KR) lW-chi(KR) ""i"-T-1Lan
1I:-J:-u(K). kuichigau( J -1 7- f;"'/).
ft31.
18. *Jtmz(relatives): § - - - 2. J:-u(K) *1-chin(KR). miuchi( 2. '/ T). ~pq.
19. ~(oar): -$.-~-J:-sang(KR) *-;t. sao(-lT ;t). pole.
123
¥.
20. ili/il'J(calamity): ili/il'J-hwa(KR) f.lU-L-sang(KR) 7f-_/J\_/" =(2)-i(KR).
wazawai(lJ -If'lJ -1).
E). Sre (K. bird. ,~ )-sa, sai, sae.
5»..
re-a, ai, ae.
1. ,~~(OJWJ)(chirp): 1~-sre(K) §-~-x.-;Z JL-}v. saezuru(-IT..I.. ;(}v). OQ.
2.01: two meanings. a. 1:J.i(annoying), b. ,~§(chirp).
b. ,~~CIJ~-~-x.-u(KR) JL-}v 1~-sre(K). urusai(rJ )v-IT -1).
annoying. 1:J.i, lLA~.
Urusai (annoying. 1:J.i) was made from ,~§(chirp).
3. I~(wren):
§y- § -_-:::.
Y-so(KR) 1~-J\\\-4-sa(KR) 1~-sre(K).
misosazai(:::' 'J -IT-If' -1). ~~.
4. ~~(wren) CIJ 1~-sre(K) 1~-sre(K) 1t--1. sazai(-IT -if -1 ).
5. ~~(wren)CIJ,~-sre(K) 1~-sre(K) 1t-~. sazaki(-IT-If'~).
Sazaki is in two kings' Japanese names: Nintoku and Muretsu.
Nintoku: O-sazaki.
Muretsu: Wo-hatsuse-no-waka-sazaki.
F). Gwi (K. ear.l't)-gi.
1. ~tr(hook): ~-=f-~n If(ear)-gwi(K)-gi. kagi(iJ:¥}
2. !fi'j(hear): If(ear)-gwi(K)-gi P -gu(KR). kiku(~ J).
f.3.
00.
G). Mre (!iI. K. mountain. W)-me.
1. f#ff(happy): W-mre(K)-me J:- T -tei(JR) -fffl-dan(KR) ffD-i(KR).
medetai(;l j-"
124
:x -1 ).
§
tl:lll.
[ XI ]. Numerals.
A). One (-) and two (=).
§. One (-)--?hana(K).
One (-)--?il(KR).
In spite of flower and nose being very often used elementary words, the Japanese for them
are homonyms. The Korean word "hana" meaning one has been saved in Yamato-kotoba.
1. 1£(flower): +f-o--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K). *hana(-'''T).
2. •(nose): f-t--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K). *hana(-'''T).
3. il21J(nasal secretion): D(last stroke)--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K) il21J--?~ !2:9--?Jv.
hanashiru(-''' T ~ JV). .IT(=~).
--?shiru( ~ Jv): juice, soup. IT.
4. ~(watery snivel): ~--?*--?±(soil)--?tsuchi(J) *--?~ ~--?::*Jj--?
:*:--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K). tsukibana(,1 ::?t/"T). 7~(=.7.K).
5.
fF at (to release)(2=): :*:--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K) 5(=Sl.. --?A. hanasu(-'VT;::Z). at.
6. &:*:(very much)(21):
"*
--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K) :*: --?/" :*: --?tai(JR).
hanahadaC" T "" 3<'). very. &.
7. ii:(to speak): =--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K) A--?SU(C). hanasue" T A). ~fi.
8. ii:(talk): =--?-(one, 1)--?hana(K) A--?shi(JR). hanashie"T ~). ~fi.
9.
mv(to compel): rA(cf. XI-C)--?4--?shi(JR)
~--?-(1)--?il(KR). shiiru(~
-1
Jv)--?shiu.
Sst
§. Two (=). =(2)--?i(KR). =--?'::'(ni).
10. ii:(say): =--?i(KR) ii:(low
It)~ 7.
iu( -1 rJ).
is.
* In Japan, B is replacing the simple ii: which is disappearing from the dictionaries. But,
there are many notations, wllii: and rt~ii:, in the Kojiki and the Nihongi.
11.
~(wild
boar):
~j--?=--?i(KR) ~--? ~ --? J ~j--? I.J -?:::1.
12. ffrJT(pray): ;ty;--?=--?i(KR) fT--? J ffrJT(low It)--?
I).
inoko( -1 J :::1). 0\.
inori( -1 J
I)
)--?inoru.
13. ~(snore): ffi--?±--?=--?i(KR) B --? l:: $--?ki(JR). ibiki( -1 t:' ~).
14. Ji(yam): ±--?=--?i(KR) rm--? § --?mog(KR). imo( -1 -t). taro.
15. ~(hate): ~--?=--?i(KR) *--?J\(8)--?ya(J).
W( -1
ff.
:of, H, •.
~). no(~), disagree(~).
16. ~(roast): ±~=--?i(KR) J\\\=j(fire)--?bul(K). iburu--?iru( -1 Jv). m~, 1;11'.
17. il!(brazier): ffi--?.:E--?=--?i(KR) ffi--? '0 lITI.--? I). irori( -1
'0
I).
hearth. lttlil!~.
18. B(it is said): =--?i(KR) B--?wal(KR) l.J-?gu(KR). iwaku( -1 r; J).
125
19. W(oar): B (day)~ka(J) =~i(KR). kai(iJ -1).
ii.
20. ~(light): If!:~ B (day)~ka(J) W~IZ:9~Jv gij~=~i(KR). karui(iJ Jv-1). ~.
21. Irt:f(stingy):
'I' =IG\~sim(KR) IG\~/"
l§'~=~i(KR). shiwai(~
r; -1). ~.
22. 3i:(far): +~ ~ ~~weon(KR)~wo(7) ±~=~i(KR). tOi( ~ :;t -1).
~~o.
23. ~(tribute): § (eye)~ma(J) I~=~i(KR). mai(? -1). gift. ~.
24. § /fJE(=I3i)(dazzling): § (eye)~ma(J) /f~bu(KR) JE~l1::~shi(JR)
JE~=~i(KR). mabushii(?7"~
-1). dazzling, blinding. 1'1$:.
25. i¥J(target): S~ B ~=~i(KR) P~gu(KR) S~haku(JR). ikuha( -1 J -',).
26. 'Illt(indignant): ffit~=~i(KR) P---+gu(KR) ~~ 7. ikubu( -1 J 7")~ikumu.
m~b.
27. tl(merits): J:---+=~i(KR) *---+sa(KR) J:~6(JR). isao( -1-+t :;t). -;;f), lb.
28. ~(at last): $---+±(soil)~tsuchi(J) =---+i(KR) -==r~=~,:::". tsuini('/ -1 .:::..). ~.
29. ~(ferrule of spear): 4:~T~=~i(KR) +~~b W---+chu(KR)
4:~kim(KR).
ishizuki( -1 ~ ;;Z:'::\-). E~.
30. !t&(board): &.---+=~i(KR) &.---+j(~3<. ita(-1 3<). fN.
31. jf(strawberry): ±~=~i(KR) ±(soil)~tsuchi(J) ±~-::J. ichigo( -11- -::J}
if.
32. tl(thread): S---+ B ~=~i(KR) B ---+ ~ . ito( -1 ~). *.
33. *IT(thom): 7fU---+=~i(KR) rj =JJ~do(KR) 7f---+JT~7. itora( -1 ~ 7).34
34. ,~~~(neigh): ,~~J:~=~i(KR) +~T ~~(bird's cry)~naku(J).
inanaku( -1 TT J). J!IVf(,~~~).
B). Seed) (K. three. -. 3)~se.
-(3)~ ~
.
1. W*(berm between paddies): *~-"(ha)~a(ht) EB~J:~ ----+se(K). aze(7 k'}
2. *(finish): *---+:;t B (sun)~ho(J) EB~J:~=~se(K)
EB~rB~ IL ~JV.
3. jj:[)(why): jj:[)---+=*"~T J:---+_---+se(K). naze(Tk'}
oseru(:;t:;t k Jv).
{PJi'&.
4. ,~~(corral for horses): ,~~ma(KR) ~~=~se(K). mase(?k).
5. llG~(load, lift)(2=): ::X;~ J If!:---+EB~J:~=~se(K) ~~~t~ IL ~JV.
noseru( J k Jv). llG,~.
6. 3S:~(penis)(1/): :=E~±(soil)~ha(J) =---+se(K). hase(-" k). [li~.
7. ~(goby): l!:b---+:}'~/J\~-"
EB~J:~-~se(K).
126
*haze(-"k'} 1!:b~.
B: 00.
8. JHJ!(wax tree): Jil-/' EB-3:-=-se(K). *hazee'k'').
9. ~(defend): ~-x.-7 ~-3:-=-se(K) §-P-gu(KR). fusegu(7 k /'}
10.
~(defense): ~-x.-? ~-3:--"t:
11. ~(defense): x.-? 7
12. ~(j}l(fussy):
+t--
I).
+t- _
I).
maburi(?7"
mamori(?-"t:
I)).
IW.
q.
I)). q,~.
F- P _::J 3'?:-3:---se(K) JE-jog(KR)
-tsuku(XIV -K). kosetsuku(::J k ''J /').
13. P}ej2i(SOb)C0 :Y,,-L EB-3:---se(K) ~ -31: _7. musebu( L k 7} PIZ3.
14. ~(cough): 3R-*-=-se(K) *-::'t. seki(k ::'t). p~.
15. Ji:(rebuke): _-seCK) § (eye)-me(J). seme( k J). -semeru(harass).
Homo. J8z:.(attack)(21): .-EB-3:-.::::(3)-se(K) Q-x.-J
A-iv.
semeru( k J }v). J8z:.
16. rf~(sweaty face)(21): ~-f!:n(KR) § -=-se(K). ase(7 k). sweat. rf.
17. EtiJ(bent, unjust): EB- P -gu(KR) 3:-=-se(K). *kuse( /' k-). prefix.
lIE.
18.IH1(habit): IIE-P-gu(KR) ~-=-se(K). *kuse(/' k).
19.
~~~(barrier)(21): ~- __ se(K) ~-ft-::'t.
seki(k ::'t).
~~.
20. Ji'I~(Sugsin. KR)(Tungus-Manchii): Wi(=Ji)-*-mi(KR) +-~b(KR)
~_/,
§---se(K). Mishihase(
~ ~/'k).
Mishihase is a manufactured name in Japan. No race or place was called by this name on
the Asian continent. Some scholars say they were Korean. 51
21. m(parsley): R---se(K)
+t--
I).
seri(k
I).
Jf.
22. ~(narrow): 3(lt)-se(K) It- § (eye )-ma(J) It-i(KR). semai( k? 1).
3X.
23. ~(whirlwind): ~-~-lling(KR) .:E(worm)-mushi(J)
~-(3)*(dog)-g::e(K)
~(wind)-kaze( f; k'}
3-se(K). tsumujikaze(''J L :-: f; k''). ~~.
~(whirl)-tsumuji(''J L :-:).
24. ~(hasten): -=r-=-se(K) ~- /'. seku( k /').
25. ~(at least): §-_-se(K) §(eye)-me(J) T -tei(JR). semete(k J f).
26. ,~iI,(contempt): EB-±-sa(KR) ~-kei(JR) 7T;-si(KR) § - = - ~ .
sageshimi(-Jt /j' ~ ~).
1m, ~;Z.
27. ~(louse): f\.-~n(KR) ~(upper It)-'7 .:E--- ~. shirami(~ '7 ~). J1.
127
28. !I!!!!(cicada): !I!!!!-sen(JR) EB-3::-=- 2.. semi(k 2.).
29. •(dike): EB-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) EB-3::--- 2. . tsutsumi(,} '} 2.).
30.
~(earthenjar): ~-3::- __
2. 1L-ga(JR). mika( 2.
tff:.
chi~tsu.
;I).
31. ~ (sharpen): EB-.::£--- 2. Ef3-@b(KR) lJ-gu(KR). migaku( 2. jfJ). polish. M.
32. ifr$r(maiden medium): EB-3::--- 2. r(child)-ko(J). miko( 2. :J). Z1Zfr.
33. -(3): - - 2.. mitsu(2. '} ). three.
34. ~(guide): _ - 2. ±(soil)-tsuchi(J) ±-c !A-J. michibiku( 2. 1-l::' J). ~.
35. IDJl(ugly): EB-.::£--- 2. §-=-;::. lJ-gu(KR) 3::-±-=-i(KR).
minikui(2. ;::. J 1 ).
36. JIll¥(cape): EB-3::-=- 2. W-san(KR) Ef3-::\-. misaki( 2. -tt::\-).
C). Ne(d), na, yud (K. four. 4)-ne(K), na(K), yuCK).
Four (~, 4,
i\\\,
yo(J.4).
etc.): sa(KR), shi(JR), su(C).
The usual Korean word for 4 is need). Other rarely used terms are: na in nahul (4 days),
and Y!:ill(4) used in the traditional Korean game, yud-nori. In this game, tIve is mo.
Certain Chinese characters have clear patterns with the axis: some of them were read as
four(4). ,~,~,~~~(J\\\), *~~)j(>J«><), ~(~~), jj,(~~), ~M(==), *Z1Z(M), *t(~),
E~H(-f+), 1Mi~(*), mi(4x), etc. The J\\\(:k) ofcrow(karasu. I~) was the prototype.
1. @J~(leap): ~~_/" ~~-><-4-ne(K) ~~- JL-Jv. hanerue" -* Jv}.
2. ~(sticky): >J<-><-4-ne(K) /\(8)-pal(KR). nebaru( -* /'~ Jv). fti.
3. ~(breath during sleep): *->J<-><-4-ne(K) *--=r-=(2)-i(KR)
*--$-::\-. neiki(-*1 ::\-). ~}~t -iki(1 ::\-). breath.
JlBt
4. )j(iID{(wish): )j(->J<-><-4-ne(K) J:l(clam)-kai(J). negai( -* jf 1). iID{.
5. )j(~~(importune): ><-4-ne(K)
-W-}j (moon)-dal(K).
6. **(refine silk): *-*-><-4-ne(K)
7. i'JR(boil thread): *-*-><-4-ne(K)
3R-r:F-IL-Jv.
*neru(-*Jv).
3R-r:F-IL-Jv. *neru(-* Jv).
8. ~(temper iron): *-*-><-4-ne(K)
9. W(knead): *-*-><-4-ne(K)
nedaru( -* jtJv). 5.§a~.
3R-r:F-IL-Jv. *neru(-* Jv).
3R-r:F-IL-Jv. *neru(-* Jv).
* The Korean 4 (ne) is in four homonyms
(6~9).
10. ~(next-door): * - ~ *-><-4-ne(K)
4- I) . toneri(
128
~ -* I). attendant. 1§' A.
II. ~(neighbor): *-d-- ~ *-)(-4-na(K)
4- I) . tonari( ~ T
I)). ~.
12. *(rice): *-)(-4-yo(J) )(-4-ne(K). yone( '3 *).
FourU(. 4) was read twice, in Japanese and Korean.
13.
~ii(widely)C/)
ffi- J - 7 ffi-? .illz.( 'J <-l./")-)(-4-ne(K)
rJ-gu(KR). amaneku(7?* /'). ~,~.
14. ~(1*1J)(go slowly): >J<-)(-4-ne(K) ~-ryeo(KR) 1J(go)-yuku(J).
neriyuku( *
I) .:l /').
ri1J.
15. 3ta(cat): ++--4-ne(K) EB-rJ-::::J. neko(* ::::J).
16. ~i(fat rat): ~e:(fat. VI-B-14) M- ~~ -4-ne(K) ~-x.-/Z ~--- ~
.
nezumi( * A' ~). rat.
M.
17. m(t~ffrEmJffrE)(meander): m-;;f:(tree)-ku(J) ~;j- ;;-4-ne(K)
lJlE- JL- no. kuneru( /' * Jv). !±Il.
;;f::ku.
18. )!,~(reward): *-}.),-4-ne(K) *-;;f:(tree)-ki(J) *-rai(JR),
1J -
7. negirai( * 0f' '7
1 ), negirau( * 0f' '7 rJ). f!Jj.
19. ~(ridge. XVII-61)-f~~: ~'-±-L(above)-u(K) 3l3.-}.),-4-ne(K). une(rJ *). ~.
20. Iti(invite. XVII-67)-~: ll::(stop)-maJ(da)(K) **-}.),-4-ne(K)
;;f:(tree)-ku(J). maneku(? * /').
22. f1ICtwist): I~- t - C *-4-ne(K) fu-iJl-IL _JV. hineru( c * Jv). tiS.
23. Ji(wing): ;f!;:--" ~~-;; -4-ne(K). hanee' *). ~~.
24. JiCwing): ;f!;:_/'. hae'). ~;j.
25. Ji(wing): ~- EB-±(soil)-tsuchi(J)
:J:t:-/,
~;j- ;;-4-sa(KR).
tsubasaC/ r;:-+t). Ji.
26. *t(twist): t-4-ne(K) *(thread)-sil(K). nejiru( * :; Jv). t~.
27. *t(twist): t-4-yo(J) * (thread)-sil(K). yojiru( '3
:;
Jv).
:JR.
28. *tCtwist): t-4-su(C) * (thread)-sil(K). sujiru(/Z:; Jv). :J~.
29. §I(sidelong glance): V9(4)-na(K) ~(clam)-l<ai(J) +-gb(KR)
§
(eye)-me(J). nagashime(T if''/" ;<).
129
mE §.
30. ~JJ(long-handled sword)(lI):
+t-
-4-na(K) ft-::'t 5(-7::.-T
*-tai(JR). naginata(T ~'T ~). -nagu(T 1"). mow down. ~.
31. *(vegetable): +f-_4_na(K). na(T).
32. Ji(seedling): +f--4-na(K) EB_J... nae(T J..).
33. fi(observe):
+t-
-4-na(K) l[-kan(JR) § (eye)-me(J) J!-Jv.
nagameru(T :If;J Jv)-nagame.
~3E.
34 . •(catfish): +f--4-na(K) X-'"7 A. namazu(T'? ;:(). j~.
35. m(harbor):
:1 =7Jc(water)-mizu(J) +f--4-na(K) T- ~
. minato( 2. T ~ ).
36. ~(wither): +f--4-na(K) ~-wi(KR)-yu. !illY!!(T:::L )-naeru(T J.. Jv).
cf. X-D.
37. fm(crucian carp): #-fu(JR) j!,-'\\\-4-na(K). funa(7 T).
38. ,~II'I1:(tame): ,~-I\\\-4-na(K)
t ='L-,,-sim(KR).
najimu(T:'; L).
become attatched. ,~II~.
39. m(blasted ear): *-T-sib(KR) .tt-l::. *->(-4-na(K). shiina( ~ -1 T).
40. ~(aged man): ~-5(JR) ~(wing)-gid(K) ~- ~~-4-na(K). okina(:t::'t T).
41. ,%,%t'r(slender bamboo): ~- ~~-4-na(K) ~~-4-yo(J)
t'r(bamboo)-take(J). nayotake(T a ~ 7).
42. a. M(landslide): M-==-4-na(K) J.l (moon)-dal(K). *nadare(T 3tt./). {I;&.
b. ~M(avalanche): ~-==-4-na(K) J.l (moon)-dal(K). *nadare(T ~" v). ~M .
. 43. 'r~(dear): ==-4-na(K) 't~(='r~)-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) 'r~-kai(JR),
If' ='[)-sim(KR). tsukashi(T ''J :IJ
~).
44. 'r~(graceful): ==-4-y!!d(K) 'r~-kai(JR) If' ={J'-§im(KR).
yukashi(:::L:IJ ~).
45. II:j(bosom): 1X-7 -'-_
~ lID_I] I] _::J
o. futokoro(7
fR,
'r~.
~ ::J 0).
46. 13E(loose): 3~->(-4-y!!d(K) 3~-Jv 13E--1 . yurui(:::LJv -1). ~,iJfu.
47. ~(do hair in a chignon): M-4-yud(K) J:.(above)-u(K). Yill!(:::L rJ). *6.
48. 'I~(permit): :£_+f--4-yud(K) If' =,G'_Jv ,G'-sim(KR). yurushi(:::LJv ~). ~f.
49. {JW(entrust): M-==-4-yud(K) J.l (moon)-dal(K)
J.l =~-nyuk(old KR)-nu(yt).
130
yudanu(:::L~")l.
)-yudaneru. ~.
50. ~(drag): xx-+4-+yo(J) *-++-+§ib(KR) t*-+rim(KR). yojiri("3 :/ I). cling.
51. ~j(read): VLJ(4)-+yo(J) §-+=-+ ~. yomi-+yomu("3 L).
52. :Jif£;(get lost)CJJ~-+{.J\(mind)-+mam(K) :Ji-+*-+)(-+4-+yo(J)
*(It side)-+ 7. mayou('"7"3 7). ~.
53. ~~(realize): @-+VLl(4)-+sa(KR) ~l:.-++-+ J' VLl-+Jv. satoru(-1f ~ Jv). +jl-f,
t:.
54. BES(expose): VCI(4)-+sa(KR) iN-+7f-+JT-+ '7 iN-+si(C). sarashi(-1f '7 :/)-+sarasu. BES.
55. ~Jll.(gourd): ~-+hy6(JR) [II!-+1Z9(4)-+sa(KR) P -+:::1. *hisago( 1:::. -1f:::1}
56. 'l[~ (bam boo basket): ffi -+ B -+ 1:::. ffi -+ -:1: -+ sa(KR) P -+ :::1. *hisago( 1:::. -1f :::1}
57. :i(egret): 1~-+/I\I-+4-+sa(KR) ~~(road)-+gil(K). ?_~(-1f 0f} snowy heron.
60. ~f-¥(that much): ~-+/I\I-+4-+sa(KR) f'E-+/fC-+* +-+ J'. sahodo(-1f *
n.
61. ~~(that much): ~-+J\\\-+4-+sa(KR) ~(to. VII-C l-lS)-made(J). samade(-1f '"7 f").
62. *~(owl):3o I~-+ B -+ P -+:::1 ~-+:::E-+=(2)-+i(KR) J\\\-+4-+sa(KR) ~-+:?r.
· '(:::1
k olsagl
1--H-'CO) • h eron.I}L,~.
39 1i J-'-JiW;.
'J "\
63. ~J:l (May): ~-+==-+4-+sa(KR) J:l (moon)-+tsuki(J). satsuki(-1f '/ :?r). 1iJ:l.
64. m:(gift):
?:..=!i... -+ X -+)l.
66. ~(Chinese phoenix):
m:-+*-+)(-+4-+sa(KR). nusa()l. -1f).
tW. -+min(KR) 1~-+J\I\-+4-+sa(KR) B -+ P -+ :::1 .
misago( ~ -1f:::1} ~,~.
67. JJii~(signal fire): !;z-+/ iN-+P-+D VLl(4)-+shi(JR). noroshi(/ D :/). 3.Bt~.
68. ~i(ugly): @-+VLJ(4)-+shi(JR) ffi-+P-+:::1. shiko(:/ :::1).
69. ~~(herring): :::E-+±-+=-+.:::. m-+/I\I-+4-+shi(JR). nishin(.:::.::/ ./). ffi,jp.
70.1~(narrow wooden bed): *-++-+§lb(KR) ;J;:J-+;;-+4-+shi(JR). shiji(:/ :/).
71. ~~(moth): 1I\\-+4-+shi(JR) ffi-+=f:-+_-+ ~. shimi(:/ ~). :Rm.
72. m~(loach): ffi-++-+ ~ J\I\-+4-+shi(JR) @-+1Z9(4)-+yo(J) @(upper It)-+ 7.
73. {EL~(Tajima): Ei-+dan(KR) ,~-+J\\\-+4-+shi(JR) 1~-+ma(KR). Tajima(?<:/ '"7).
131
* {FUi~(Tajima)={Q)'I'I(Tajima): this leads to ,~//J'I'I, pointing to The Thousand Character
,~(horse).
Text (XVII-55), which shows shima(J. )'1'1. island) was made from
This name
avoided the commonly used ~(shima. J), even stretching to ,~(horse) which cannot
mean island (shima. J). This irregularity carries Yasumaro's message ..
shiwabuki( ~ '7 7" =\-). p~.
75. ~(wisteria): ~~*~ 7 >J<~)(--74--7shi(JR). fuji(7 /). ~.
76. Jl!~(Indian millet): Jl!--7*~:=E--7t I.J ~ Q ~~*~ko(J)
>J<--7)(~4--7shi(JR).
*morokoshi(t
Q ::J
~). Jl!~, !jjij~.
77. Jl!(China): *~:=E--7t I.J~Q =t~::J *--7+~gb(KR).
*morokoshi( t
Q ::J
~). Jl!, Jl!±.
78. m(frost): 1'@--7==~4~shi(JR) *--7mog(KR). shimo( ~ t).
79. fJW(compel): ;'A~4~shi(JR) ~--7-(l)--7il(KR). shiiru(~ 1 }v)--7shiu. §.@.
80. l1t(hide): -++ --74~shi(JR)
kJ --7 T 7. shinabu( ~ T 7'')--7shinamu( ~ T
k).
m+-+b.
81. *~(squirrel): *~ -++ --7 I) ~~" --74~su(C). risu( I) A). *~af~).
82. @i'(vinegar): ~--7!7:9(4)~su(C) ~--7=(2)~i(KR). SUi(A 1 )~SU(A).
83. §ffi:(earthenware): 1Z9(4)--7su(C) ±--7X :=E--7t JL~ /. suemono(A x t /). ~1iVtm.
84. :mi(egg-pJant): DP--7 }J--7T -++ ~4--7su(C). nasu(T A). :miT.
D). 0 (KR. five. j. .
5)~o.
Mo (K. five. in the Korean
game)~mo.
The Korean reading of j. (0) was used. This is the old form of n(5). The specialized
.-no
!.!.!.....-
("il
-" j
of th""v Kore"n gam""v, YHA_7nflI"Z'
'wa" "Is" """,-1
1",-,'
U...Jvu.
.L.
'"
...
-L1Io...
\A...l
J.
(/l,"-'J.
l. 'I~(stingy): ;< =n(5)--7o(KR)
J
..:; "'-..L
V
'I' =IG'--7sim(KR).
oshimu(::t ~ A).
,rtf.
2. Wz:(teaching): ;< =n(5)--*o(KR) T~shi(JR) T--*.7... oshie(::t ~ X).
3. Wz:(breeding): T~shi(JR) ~--7±(soil)~tsuchi(J)
J;z ~7.
shitsuke( ~ 'J 7). {iii, §~(J. character).
4. §~(etiquette): ~~*--7tai(JR) ~--7gn(KR) *~T ~--7mi(KR).
tashinami(.:z ~ T 2.). ~.
5. !i(salt): ~~*--*4--7shi(JR) ~--7j;6J~;<=n(5)--7o(KR). shio(~.::t). J;\K.
6 . .r,~(hot): )\\\=!k(fire)--7ho(J) +~ 1, 1L~;< =i:L(5)--7o(KR) 11--7 JL--7}v.
132
hotooru(it
~
;t Jv).
7. %%(each): %~)z~.x~;(=li(5)~0(KR) !x..~/. onox2. onoono(;t /;t /).
8.1in:X:~(dearfather): 1in~eo(KR)~o :X:~/"~;(=li(5) .x~;(=li(5) ~~
x ~ =~san(JR).
05+5* san~otosan(;t ~ rJ -IT /').
*10: to(J).
:}-o.
9. W(chief): J"~/"~.J=li(5)-0(KR) @-123(4)-sa(KR). osa(;t-IT). ~.
10.
~,(neglect): L~/"~;(
= li(5)-0(KR) P _::J
t:r~tai(JR)
,G,- JV.
okotaru(;t
::J )(
Jv).
II. Ei~(naturally)(21): ~-",,-/"~;(=li(5)-0(KR) A-/ I\\\(karasu)
p=}j - f; '7 (karasu). onozukara(;t / ;A' f; '7). Ei.
*
~: 1\\\(4 dots) :*(1 dot)-5 dots-moCK. 5).
~(5 dots)-mo(K. 5).
The following four words are in Chapter X-B, and all end with the [mal moCK. 5).
12. ~(besides): J\\'~4~shi(JR) :*-gre(K) ~-mo(K. 5). shikamo(S/ f; -=t:).
13. ~(but): from X-B-IO, keredo-keredomo( 7"
v F..::t).
14. ~(but): from X-B-IO, dakeredo-dakeredomo()("7"
v F -=t:).
15. ~(but): from X-B-ll, shikaredo-shikaredomo(S/ iJ v F..::t).
Looking at yu and rno makes it clear that yud-nori was played in the i
E). Mutsu (J. six. "ft.. 6)~mu.
h
century Japan.
cf. XIX-C.
Chil (KR. seven. 1::;. 7)-chiru, chi. shichi (JR). nanatsu (J).
cf. VIl-CI-14.
l.·A&f(odd): I'iJ ~ga(KR) E8(farm)-ta(J) l§J-/\(6)~mutsu(J) ~-/).
katamuku( f; )( L. /). incline. fIJi.
2. ~(blinded): P~gu(KR) ~(lt)-'7 /\(6)-mutsu(J). kuramu(/)'7 L.). m§', B1i:.
3. ~(scatter): ~~tit~-1::i7)-chil(KR). chiruC'r JV). ~.
4. ¥-i~(falling leaves)(21): ~-~-*-;t ~-tit~-t:(7)~chil(KR).
ochiru(;t 1- Jv). fall. ¥-i.
5. Jl!l~(yellow leaves): EE-x--=t:
=- 2.
~-tit--t:(7)-chil(KR).
momiji(-=t: 2. :/). autumn leaves. *J:~, Jl!l~.
6. ~(haughty): ::tz:~yeo(KR)-a ~-tit--t(7)-nanatsu(J)
*-T- ~
tit=ttt-w-IL _JV. anadoru(7 T F Jv). despise.
7. tfJllG(gamble): tf~bag(KR) Fb--t:(7)-chil(KR). bakuchie" /) 1-). tftJ.
133
8. jI(pink): rt;~t(7)~nanatsu(J) 0Z~ T ~tei 0Z~si(KR) rt;~ko(JR).
~). ~T.
nadeshiko(T j"" /'
9.
ptP~(scold): ~G(7)~shichi(JR) ~~gal(KR).
shikaru(/' 7J Jv).
Pt.
10. ~1:::;B±l(seven bends): -1:::;(7)~nanatsu(J) ffi~±~wang(KR) ffi(farm)~ta(J).
Nanawata( T T '7 3<). name of place.
11. ~t(locust): T~ -1 t(7)~nanatsu(J) 5E.~ P ~ ~. inago( -1 T ~l
12.
~(intercourse): --'---~
1,
frEiT.
X~/\(8)~-1:::;(7)~nanatsu(J) X~;J.
toname( ~ T ;J). dragonfly's intercourse. ~M.
F). Pal (KR. eight. )\. 8)~hara, ham, bara, bari, bam, para, pari, pare.
J\(8)~pal(KR),
hachi(JR).
J\(8)+->--''',
L ~(field): IJ\~/\(8)~pal. hara(F' '7).
2.
~(field):
r ~/
IJ\~/\(8)~pal.
nohara(/ F, '7).
lY~.
~no(IJlY).
field.
From nohara(lJly ~), the Japanese word no(IJlY. field) came.
3.
I
~(sparse):
~7
5R~/\(8)~pal.
abara(7/<'7). WR.
4. ~(sparse): I~? *~/\(8)~pal. mabara(?/'\' '7). IDR.
5. JWR(thorn): *~=(2)~i(KR) *~/\(8)~pal. ibara( -1 /'\'7). ~.
6. JWR(thorn): *~-j:~u(KR) *~/\(8)~pal. ubara( 7/ '\' 7). ~.
7. *(distinguished): *~su(KR) *---l>/\(8)---l>pal +~gb(KR) T~ -1 .
subarashii(:::zJ'\'7 /' -1). wonderful. *a~.
8. *(spring): A~/\~pal. haru(F'Jv).
9. ~(far): *~/\~pal B (daY)---l>ka(J). harukae' Jv 7J). ~.
10. ~~(from afar): **~/\/\~palx2. harubarue'JvF<Jv). ~~.
1 L *(bind):
ffi~+~gb(KR)
IJ\---l>/\---l>paL shibaru( /' /< Jv).
~.
12. t~(resemble): ~~*~tai(JR) A~ 7 /\~pal. taubaru(3< 7 /'\' Jv).
13.
~,~(lark): I~---l>
14.1H(chiefly):
B~ C
~~J\~paL
hibari( c /'\'
1M.
I)). ~1f.
§~mog(KR) t=7f;~/J\~J\~pal. moppara(-t2/~7).
15.
[WTf,~(clearly): [Wl'~!T~kin(JR) ~---l>A---l>/\~pal.
16.
~~~(all): ~~=~sam(KR) *~/\~pal.
kippari(:::\- 2/~
I).
*sappari(-+T 2/~ I)). at aiL
17. a. ~t,k:(refreshing): %~sang(KR) *~*~/\~pal. *sappari(-+T 2/~
134
4J.
I).
· b. ~'f:j(: ~-+sang(KR)
;l ~/" ~-+*-+)\(8)-+ya(J) ~-+kai(JR).
sawayaka(-Jt r; -\" iJ ).
18. :l1ti'tlc(splendid): ffi-+ T -+ 7 ~-+* -+J"\-+pal. appare(7 2/~ v). 3\:Bfif.
19. ?JJ\1e:(too)(II):
~-+Yf!ku(JR)
?JJ\-+/"-+J"\-+pal. yappari(-\" 2/~
as expected. ~~.
I) ).
cf. VII-D-25(-\" /"
I) ).
20. #(dash): ±-+tsuchi(J) 7c-+J"\-+lli!:1 T-+gb:ft-+ I). tsuppashiriC/' :.2../~~ I)). ~~.
21. rug(acid): )z-+ X-+A L.-+A-+lli!:l ~-+=(2)-+i(KR). suppai(A_z./~ -1).
22. /[$(drunk): 123(4)-+yo(J) A-+/"-+J"\-+pal ~-+:H-+ 7. yopparau("3 2_/~7 7).
'* Moraic consonant( "/) precedes lli!:l (KR. J"\), in 14~22.
23. /[$(drunk): ~-+123(4)-+yo(J) ~-+:H-+ 7. you("3 7). /[$.
24. f'(birch): ~-+ka(JR) *-+J"\-+/". kaba(iJ /").
25. !re~(remonstrate risking death)(21): *-+gan(KR) *-+A-+/"
-*-+*-+'><-+4-+ne(K). kabane( iJ /'\ *). corpse. !re.
26. !re~(remonstrate risking death)(21): *-+T-+gb(KR) *-+gan *-+/"
-* -+*-+'><-+4-+ne(K). shikabane( ~ iJ /'\ *). corpse. !re.
27. g(shark):30 B3-+±-+sa(KR) :tf:-+J"\-+pal(KR). sawara(-lT r; 7).
Spanish mackerel. g.39
28.
~(sword
guard): ±(soil)-+tsuchi(J) J"\-+lli!:l(KR). tsuba('/' /'\).
~(=JJ.
blade) and ~~(sword guard) are antonyms.
~.
cf. VIII-A-21.
29. ~(camellia): ~-+chun(KR) J"\-+lli!:I(KR) *(tree)-+ki. tsubaki(,/' /'\::\-).
30. ~~(heron):30 :tt-+J"\J"\-+/v" 1~-+chB(JR). hahacchBe v "27-:3 7).
31. 9lJ(wasp): ;E.-+L.-+shi(JR) *-+ka(JR) *-+J"\(8)-+hachi(JR).
jigabachi(~ iJ"/'\7-). 1blJx~.
32. Jijf(creep): -§--+J"\-+/" ~-+u(KR). haue" 7). ~.
33. J1f1(sprout): -*-+ B -+ 1::
:::J
*-+J"\-+/" T-+X. hikobae( 1::
:::J /'\X) . • .39
34. -§-Uoin): -§--+J"\-+/" l=I-+gu(KR). hague" J} fI€.
35. '%(foxtail): 7f(-+*-+J"\-+/" -I+(=1¥f. grass)-+kusa(J). hagusae" J"-Jt). ~.
36. ~(gorge): ~-+*-+J"\-+/" W-+san(KR). hazamae,,-lf'?).
135
3j(FFI'.
n~m.
G). -t(10): sib(KR), SII(C).
-t-d-. -t- ~.
*(tree)-/\-t(80)-hashie"~).
1. :Hf(make):J"(child)-ko(J) -j~-§ib(KR) tr(upper rt)- 7 r - 7.
koshirau-koshiraeru( =:J
~
7 :I.}v).
2. ~(fist): ~-±-I- =:J 7\._ 7 f--t-§ib(KR). kobushi( =:J 7" ~).
3.1~jffi(old
store): :£--t-gb(KR) ±-=_.:::. ~ffi-4'.(metal)-s~(K). shinise(~.:::. -t).
4. ~*(obituary): *-+-gb(KR) * - / * - ± - 1:::. § (word)-koto(J).
shinobikoto( ~ / l:::'
=:J
~),
5. [JI(shrine): ffi-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) +-gb(KR). zushi( A' ~). !Mr.
6. ~ 8 (Kasuga): 8 (day)-ka(J) +-su(C) 8 (day)-ka(J). Kasuga(:h 7.. :h'}
7.-tfjE(cedar): ffi--
w--gu(KR) +--su(C) 1-- / *Ctree)-ki(J).
kusunoki( /' 7.. / ~). camphor tree. tl,39 tj.
8. ~(permeable): *-su(KR) -*-ka(JR) +-su(C). sukasu(7..:h 7..). ~,:sg.
+-T. kizuna(~ A'T).
10. T0(powder): *-*(tree)-ko(J) +-T. kona(:=I T).
9. *$(bridJe): *--~ ±(soil)-tsuchi(J)
11. @:jji(straight): m:-+-T )fj- 8 (sun)-ho(J). nao(T :t). m:.
8: ho.
+-T =-sam(KR) A-~tsu(JR). nasake(T--tt 7).
13. ~(pear): -*-+-T *-+-§ib(KR). nashi(T ~).
14. §~(riddle): *-+-T * - '/. nazo(T '/}
12. 'I'NCfeeling):
mercy.
15. jt(short spear):30 4'.-:::E--t"-T £-ta(KR). nata(T:5<). hatchet.
16. 1El(wave): B;: -+-T
'( =7j((water)-mizu(J). nami(T 2. ).
17. 19t(farmer's hut): ±-+-T IY-ya(KR). naya(T f). *JAJ§S:.
18. ~(real): §(eye)-ma(J) ~-+-T. mana('?T-). prefix: beloved. ~,?It.
19. +(10):
+- ~ (to).
to( l,:t). ten.
20. ;!?-G(melt): 4'.-+- ~ ~-IJ -gu(KR). toku( ~ /'). 14S-.
21. 9!J~HD(coil): 58.-+- ~ I~ -gu(KR)
n:v- o.
toguro( ~ /"'0). ±U~.
§. *(tree)-/\ +(80)-hashi(-''' ~).
22. WCladder): *-/\-/" +-gb(KR) 5fj_i:j_:=I. hashigoe" ~
=:J}
Wr, W.
23. t*(pillar): *-/\_/" +-gb(KR) *-7. hashirae" ~ 7). t3:.
24. **(forest)-**-AA +: /\_h /\(8)-ya(J) +-gb(KR). hayashiC::~.~f~).
136
25. ~(fragrant): ~-kan(JR) *-/\-/, +-mb(KR) T-1 .
26. U*(bill): P (mouth)-kuchi(J)
*-/\-/,
kanbashii( iJ /' .r~ :..-- 1). 7i.
+-mb(KR). kuchibashi( ~ T.r~:"-- ). ~ .
. 27. ~(fragrant): ~-k6(JR) *-/\_/, +-sib(KR) T-1. k6bashii(::1.rJ.r\:"--1).
28. ~(dry persimmon): GG-[9-sa(KR)
*-/\-/, +-sib(KR).
sawashi(-lT? :"--). removing the astringency from a persimmon.
H).
=f (l,OOO)-chi(1-).
1. ~(wind): ~-T-T. chi(-T). suffix, meaning wind.
2. *~(eastwind): *_P_::1 ~-T-T. kochi(::1 T).
3. ~*~(true east wind): § (eye)-ma(J) * - P _::1 ~-T-T. makochi(?::1 T).
4. *~(gale): -}c-/\-/, ~(arrow)-ya(J) ~-T-T. hayachie'fT).
5. fJt(nonglutinous rice):
*_7
-u(h~)
JL-)v 7K-T-T. uruchi(rJ )vT).
6. ~(pretext): 7K-ka(JR) P _::1 T-T. kakochi( 7'J ::1 T).
-kakotsuku, kakotsukeru. H;.
7. fJt(tax): 7K-T-T 7K-ka(JR) JL-7C-7. chikara(T iJ 7).
Homo: chikara(j]. strength).
8. ~(milk): ~-chi(KR) lR-T-T. chichi(TT). fL.
Homo: chichi(X. father).
9. ~:C(boileddough)(iJ/): t--'t:t-T-T. mochi(-'t:T). rice cake. jJt.
10. f~'(division): 7K-hwa(KR) f4-ka(JR) 7K-T-T. wakachi(? iJ T). it, !BU.
137
[ XII ]. Selected CC.
A). a (jE. KR)-a.
jE=1E.
jE: ga (JR).
This character (jE) is registered as an independent CC with the meaning of "right (JEill),,30
in the dictionary although it is practically never used; consequently most people are not
aware of its existence. This character was used in making several important Japanese words.
The reading of JE(a. KR)' as ~(7) is seen at the beginning of Japanese words like the other
sources of~(7). This Chinese character (JE) was always read in KR in making Yamato-
kotoba.
cf. The JR of jE is ~( if).
l. NJE(indigo): ~-JE-a(KR) ~-.=:E-=(2)-i(KR). ai(71). ~.
2. ~(red): ~-JE-a(KR) B (day)-ka(J). aka(77'J). $.
3. ~'§(struggle): J.E. -JE-a(KR) 1!2-f-]-7'J (karasu) Q -gu(KR). agaku(7 7'J" J). J.E.fi.
4. ~(trace): J.E.-JE-a(KR) JE- ~ . ato(7 ~ ).
5. Nk(cross-legged): J.E.-JE-a(KR) Q-gu(KR) 12.-7. agura(7 J"7). Nk~.
6. ~J!:(foot): J.E.-JE-a(KR) l1:~shi(JR). *ashi(7 ~). J.E..
7. JJ!Il(leg):
p-
7 ~-L-shi(JR). *ashi(7 ~). JJ!Il.
8.~(walk): lE::-JE-a(KR) ~-I2:9-Jl/ Q-gu(KR). aruku(7 JvJ). $-.
9. ~(step over): J.E.-JE-a(KR) JE- ~ Q _::J
*---/.
adokobu(7 F ::J 7').
10. ~(step over): J.E.-JE-a(KR) JE- ~ Q _::J iJ(cursive)-.::z... adokoyu(7 F ::J.::z..).
11. 7f(*~)(negation): *!ECJ)~-JE-a(KR) * - 7 ±(soil)-tsuchi(J).
arazu(77 A} ~F.
''J (tsu)- ''J''(zu)- A'(ZU).
12. ~O!~~J.E.JiJfID(stirrups)-J.E.JI;1j: J.E.-JE-a(KR) lfr!j-7.K(1t)-/
7.K(water)-mizu(J). abumi(7 7" ~ ).
l3. ~m(appear)(2=): ~-JE-a(KR)J!-5C(lt side)-7 .=:E-wang(KR)
J!-)L- v Jv. arawareru(77 7
v
Jv). m.
14. 1f(unite. XVII-57)+-~: J.E.-JE-a(KR) $-/'-wae') ~-JE-sei(JR)
l1:-IL-Jv. awaseru(77kJv). i;.
B). Sim (KR. I~\)-shimu, shima, shimi, shime.
l38
final-m (KR).
2. ;t;(affectionate): EB~::=E~±~=(2)~i(KR) ±(soil)~tsuchi(J)
p ~gu(KR) IG'~sirn. itsukushirnu( -1 ''J /' :/ A). ~.
3. 'I~(stingy): / = :n.(5)~o(KR) if' =IG'~sim. oshimu(;t:/ A ). I~.
4. 'f~(sorrow): *(dog)~gre(K) jc~T if' =IG'~sim. kanashimu(iJ T:/ A). ?,J.
5. 'i-BJ(regret): fB:~ LJ ~gu(KR)
'f' =IG'~/'~/\(8)~ya(J) IG'~sim.
kuyashimu( /' f:/ A). 'i-BJ.
E.
6. :g~;(suffer): :g~A(cave)~gul(K) ~~IG'~sim. kurushimu( /' Jv:/ A).
7. ~Jl~(affection): ~Jl~=$~§in(KR) ~~:5z ~)< IG'~sim.
shitashimu(:/ )< :/ A). affectionate. ~Jl.
8. '[-g(refrain): ±(soil)~tsuchix2 If' =IG'~sim. tsutsushimu(''J ''J :/ A). 'i'i, 1Wz:.
* Verb ending -mu( A) in above 10 words are from final-m ofKR.
11. '~( cruel):
A = -1 (radical)
if' =IG'~sim IG,~)V. ijimeru( -1
Jv). bully.
m.
12. llX'i'i(admonish)(2/): ~~ r.~ 1:. ~i(ht) § (eye)~ma(J) IG'~sim IG'~JV.
imashimeru( -1 7:/ / Jv). llX.
13. J~llX(punish)CtJllX~7f(lt side)~.::J '7 J~~IG'~sim IG'~JV.
korashimeru(.::J '7 :/ / Jv). J~.
14. tt(thought): .::g:~Qn(JR) B (sun)~ho(J) 'I' =IG'~sim ~~IG'~§im.
oboshimeshi(;t
*':/ / :/).
ifj!l!,13.
B: ho.
maiime(7 ;; ./ ).
18. irB'C(stamen): IG'~sim~sime. shibe(:/~).
m+-+b.
19. ~(evil): ;fi~ ++- ~4~yo(J) P ~.::J IG'~sim. yokoshima(:3 .::J :/ 7).
* Above words reflect the final-m of Korean reading, sim(IG,).
C). Sam (KR.
=,
a.)~sama, sami, samu, same.
1. ~(cold): =~sam =(2)~i(KR). samui(-Jt A
final-m (KR).
-1 )~sabui.
2. '§:~(bar): '§:~=~sam ~~:5z~3~)< /'. samatagu(-Jt 7 )< /'} W.
139
m+-+b.
3. {W(scissors):
3t. . . dc---?/"
~---?~---?3::---?=---?sam. hasami(-'''-tJ
2. ). ~.
4. ~(drizzle): jI,---?i33---?i=l---?::J $---?_---?sam. kosame(:::1-tJ .J). Ij'\"ffi.
5.1$(wander): $---?=---?sam $---?you(JR). samayou(-lJ'"7"3 rJ).
6. Jl(awake): § (eye)---?me(J) =---?sam JL---?Jv. mezameru(.J -If'.J Jv). § Jl. ---?sameru.
7. ffiHi(comfort)=ft---?-t+----?4---?na(K) *---?*(tree)---?ku(J) :¥---?=---?sam
ffit---?IG\---?JV. nagusameru(T J"-tJ .J Jv). ffit.
8. 3:: (king): 3::---?o(JR) =---?sam(KR). osama(:t' rJ -lJ'"7) . .:Efl.
9. llW'~(a feudal lord): tonosama( ~ ) -lJ '"7).
cf. III-C-30(tono. llW').
10. ~(style): $---?=---?sam(KR), san(JR). sama(-lJ'"7), san(-tJ :/). Mr. Mrs. Miss.
~(style)3o acquired a new meaning sarna and san (J. Master, Esq. Mr. Mrs. Miss).
11. ~~(condition)(2=): ~---?yeol(KR)---?ari ~---?$---?=---?sam.
arisama(7 I) -tJ 7
). 1f~.
12. j,if(carve): 5---?gil(KR) ~---?sam. kizamu(~ -If'j,.).
13. ~(desolate): ~---?sam ~---?:::~---?4---?shi(JR) )\=1 (radical).
samishii---?sabishii(-tJ 1::::' ~ 1). ~.
D). Gan (KR. =f)---?gan, gana, ganu, gane.
1. I~~(fight): x---?a(KR)
X (It)---? '7
ga(-nt).
.:E ---?T---?g§,n
X (Jt)---? 7.
aragau(7'7 if rJ). '$.
2 . •(shark): lHlt)---?7 .:E---?T---?g§,n. fuka(7 iJ).
3. ~(raise): .:E---?T---?g§,n ~(lt)---?7. kau(iJ rJ).
fi'iJ.
4. ~(side-dish): ~---?.:E---?o(JR) T---?g§,n b1---?b.---?su(C). okazu(::t iJ;Z:}
mitt.
5. ff(worship): +---?.:E ---?o(JR) T---?g§,n =---? 2. . ogami---?ogamu(::t iJ" j,.).
6. ~(bore): X ---?u(KR) ~---?T---?g§,n ~---? ±(soil)---?tsuchi(J). ugatsu( rJ iJ" '/). ~.
7. iliJc(miss): fu---?T---?g§,n :R:---?kai(JR) T---?+---?SU(C). kakasu( iJ iJ 7-.). 'X.
8. Mi(wine cup): ~---? i33 ---?±---?sa(KR) 3:: ---?T---?g§,n jEj---? JJ (moon)---?tsuki(J).
sakazuki(-tJ iJ ;Z:' ~). 1Yf\.
9. ~(basket): TT---?gaga ~---? JJ ---? I). gakari( iJ" iJ I)). iron grate for a fire.
10. rJi(wall): )ij---?T---?g§,n J~---?~. *kaki(iJ ~). fence. ra.
11. ~=F( oyster): +---?T---?g§,n =F----? ~. *kaki( iJ ~).
liM.
12. jt(key): ~---?T---?g§,n ~---?+---?~. *kagi(iJ:o¥}
140
m~b.
13. iIf(hook): s1z:-+T-+!@n :EJ=(ear)-+gwi(K)-+gi. *kagi( iJ 0f'). ~~.
14. 'f¥H~(buckle)(21): s1z:-+T-+!@n 1:i]-+P-+::J. kako(;j ::J). ~A.
15. III (enclosure): ¥-+4-+T-+!@n P-+::J 4-+1. kakoi(;j::J 1).
16. ?*(sediment): "F-+T-+~n
'1 =7j(-+su(KR).
IHI.
kasu(;j A). dregs, lees.
17. 11&*B3(minute)(2/): EB-+ B (day)-+ka(J) +-+su(C) .I-+T-+~n.
kasuka(;j A ;j). scant. ~,11&.
18. ~**j§(staple)(2=): s1z:-+T-+~n Jt;-+L-+su(C) s1z:-+T-+!@n =(2)-+i(KR).
kasukai(;j 7-.. ;j 1). *j§.
EJ33f.
19. gf:(possess): .I-+T-+!@n =(2)-+i(KR). kai(;j 1). worth. gf:,
20. *~(revere)(2/): ~-+T-+!@n A-+tai(J) ±(soil)-+tsuchi(J). katatsu(;j -)!. '/').
21. )jI$~(kagura): $ -+T-+~n p -+gu(KR) ~-+rag(KR). kagura(;j :;7" 7).
22. mm(refreshing):
'1 =7j(-+su(KR) flf-+.I-+T-+!@n (-+suga x 2)
{N-+:/, ±-+=(2)-+i(KR). sugasugashii(7-.. ;j"7-.. iJ":/, 1).
23. ~'(f1at): EB(farm)-+ta(J) B-+ c l2f.(left. cf. VIII-F2-31)-+7 .I-+T-+~n.
tairaka( -)!. 1 7 iJ). 2jS-. -+hira(2jS-. flat).
24. ~(bind): a. EB(farm)-+ta(J) T-+~n ~-+5<. taganu(-)!. iJ"5<).
*B.
b. EB(farm)-+ta(J) T-+gan-+gane ~-+J~. taganeru(-)!. iJ"* J~). *W.
25. W,~(fortune): EB-+ta(J) T-+~n ffil-+~-+7. takara(-)!. iJ 7). treasure. jf.
26. {ffi(dummy, doll): 1 =A(human)-+hito(J) ffl-+T-+~n EB(farm)-+ta(J).
hitokata(c
~;j
-)!'). AM.
27. *(half): *-++-+T T-+g£!n *-+/'. nakaba(T;j /-.:;').
28.1*(stump): *-+T-+~n *-+ 7. kabu(;j 7}
29. ~(arrow-head): ~-+T-+~n ~-+~(left)-+7 7. kabura(;j 7"7). ~.
30. ~(wall): c'f'-+T-+!@n kl¥-+heki(JR). kabe(;j ~).
31. J$(itchy): ~-+T-+.@n ±-+..2 =(2)-+i(KR). kayui( iJ..21).
32. 3lH(commute): ffl-+T-+g£!n EB-+ '3 ffi-+"?-+ 7. kayou(;j
'3 7).
33. i§¥(eccentric): tlt-+hi(JR) "F-+T-+!@n. higa( c iJ"-).
prefix: biased, wrong. {~$. -+higami, higame, higagoto.
34. ~(leather): *-+"T-+g£!U *-+.I-+wang(KR). kawa(iJ 7). Bl,~.
141
*.
35. ~(peppery): 5R~T~gf!:n *(left)~'7 T--"=(2)--..i(KR). karai(iJ '71).
'¥.
36. ~:J:m(gather)(2/): EB(farm)--..ta(J) T--"gf!:n *--..JI< takaru(3< iJ Jv). ~.
37. ~F(omen): :F--..=~sam(KR) ::E--"T--"gJ!n. *saga(-tt iJ").
38. t1(nature): "t.--..sxng(KR) ::E--"T--"gJ!n. *saga(-tt 77"). '14., ;tIl
39. IICa pair): 1:t--..chu(KR) ::E --"T--"gf!:n ~--..1 . tsugaiC1 iJ··1).
x--"a.
11.
40. {ii(a little): {ii~1 M--..++- ~-tt M--..*--..±~sa(KR) T--"gf!:n. isasaka( 1-tt-tt iJ) . .tI:l'.
41. {ii(a little): B --..hx(K) :=E--..±(soil)--..tsuchi(J) T~gf!:n. hatsukae" '1 iJ).
42. {ii(barely): M--..:=E--..wang(KR) r:p--".illng(KR) T--"gf!:n. wazuka(7 :;(iJ).
43. ~~(mold): :=E--"T--"gf!:n ±~ 1::. *kabi(iJ 1::::').
1,it
44. fl(hilt): 1fi:--..$--"T~gf!:n B ~ 1::. *kabi( iJ 1::::').
fP3.
45. fI(hilt):1fi:--..*--.. ±(soil)--..tsuchi(J) T~ill!n. tsukaC1 iJ).
fP3, fl.
46. {]}(aid): HJ--"T~ill!n +~~b(KR) ±(soil)--..tsuchi P --"gu(KR).
kashizuku( iJ /
:;z"
-J). take care.
47.1]}(aid): {]}--..1 :=E--..±(soil)--..tsuchi(J) lJ--"gu(KR). itsuku( 1 '1 -J). take care.
48. Jfr$(god): $~:=E--"T--"gf!:n :=E--..=--.. ~ . kami( iJ ~).
49. ~(dodder vines): a~:=E--"T~gf!:n 1:t--..chu(KR) *--..ra(KR).
kazura( iJ
:;z"
'7). vine, creeper. ~.
50. ~(radish):L--..su(C) 1:t--..chu(KR) *(thread)~sil(K). suzushiro( A
:;z" /
D).
{f!f S.
51. B3:(prosper): =--..sam(KR) T--"gf!:n ±--..I B (m)--..IL --..JV. sakaeru(-tt iJ I JV). ~.
52. B3:(prosper): =--..sam(KR) T--"gan B (day)--..nal(K). sakannari(-tt iJ /' T I)). ~.50
53. ~(plane): ~--"T--..gan lJ2':--"*--,,*--,,T. kanna(iJ /'T). ~'§.
54. iEffJ(ornamental hairpin): ~~T~gan EB--..±--..sa(KR) +~~b(KR).
kanzashi( iJ /' -11' /). ~.
55. f~(snowshoes): EB~T--"gan *~shi(JR) *(tree)--..ki(J). kanjiki(iJ /' :; ~).
56. L1Cthink): EB~T--"gan B (day)--..ka(J) EB--..I ,L}--..Jv. kangaeru(iJ /' 77"IJv). ~.
* Moraic consonant n( /') in
52~56
are from T(gan).
57. L1Cthink): :=E~6(JR) :=E--..-t: I~\--"/'-T--"ru!n I~\--..JV. omonbakaru(7t -t: /' --'" iJ Jv). L1.
58.lfCtripod kettle): T--"gan T--..I--..I. kanae( iJ T I). ~§~.
59. ~(bell): ~--"I--..gan. *kane( iJ :1'--).
142
60. ~(money): s1i-T-gan. *kane( iJ i"'). ~.
61.
~(money): ~-jeon(KR).
zeni(-l:··'::::').
62. ~(combine): *-T-gan ~-EB-rB-IL-Jv. kaneru(iJ i"' Jv).
63. J~{oo(beforehand)(2/): {OO-ffl-T-gan T -tei(JR). kanete(iJ i"' T). T.
64. ~(steel): -1;- D -gu(KR) P -
0
s1i-T-gan. kurogane( lJ
0
iii"'). iron. ~J(.
65. illUJ(steeJ): s1i-/\-/" T-gan. hagane(F' iii"').
66. (tjjjU-E!(bJacksmith)(l/): s1i-:t -T-~n ±(soil)-tsuchi(J). kaji( iJ :;).
67. (t,g'Zl-E!(blacksmith)(I/): T-~n }z-;J. ±(soil)-tsuchi(J). kanuchi(iJ ;J. 1-). ${'-E!.
68. s1i(metal): :t-T-gan. kana(iJ T-). prefix meaning metal.
69. {J&~(perform): ji( -T-gan ~-ju(KR). kanazu( iJ T A} ~.
final-l (KR).
E). Wal(KR. B. to say)-wara, warn, ware.
B: etsu.(JR).
l. ~(end): 1r-Qn(JR) B-wal. owaru(;t" '7 Jv). ~.
2. ~(change): B (day)-ka(J) B-wal. kawaru( 7J '7 Jv)-kaeru. ff',~,!!.
3. ~®(touch): -;]-5.E-L-sa(KR) JEJ-EB-B-wal. sawaru(-lT '7 Jv).
Homo. ~!j[~(hinder)(2/): *-j:t:-tt--lT /\(8)-pal-haru(-''' J0).
sawaru(-lT '7 Jv). ~!j[.
4.
~(wind
around): }Z_? +f-=1j[-cho(KR)-tsu B-wal.
matsuwaru(? ''/ '7 Jv).
iii.
cho-tsuC'/ ).
5. frWi(straw. XVII-40)+-il=: B-wal. wara('7 '7). ~.
6. 1j[ft(straw sandals): 1j[-B-wal1itl-±(soil)-tsuchi(J). waraji('7 '7 :;).
7. Ji(child): B-wal B (sun)-hre(K)-ha, he. warawa, warabe('7 '7..-.().
8.
§~(reason):
P (mouth)-ib(K) EB-B-wal. iware( 1 '7 v).
§~.
9. B(it is said): =(2)-i(KR) B-wal(KR) P-gu(KR). iwaku( 1 '7 lJ).
10. ~M(marsh): z,-b-sa(KR) B-wal(KR). sawa(-lT '7).
?*.
11. ~r<J'[(visible): ]L;f:).-AE.-JE-a(KR) ~-9.(cursive)-'7 B-wal(KR).
12. ,1(SI,(think): EB-:t-o(JR) :t--t B-wal(KR) P -gu(KR). omowaku(;t" -t '7 lJ).
F). Nyeo (old KR. tt:: female)-ne (XVII-71).
1. ~(sleep): :Y:--ne JL-Jv. neru(i"' Jv). ~.
143
yeo (KR. tt:)-ya.
2. frl§(prostitute): §--+ B --+:3 fr--+ne. yone(:3"*).
3. *fr(femalepalaceworker): *--+7--+u(ht) fr--+ne fr--+;1. unemeCj"* ;1).
4. f:Wfd;';(sulky)(2/): fr?5--+x..--+/Z fr--+ne {}--+Jv. suneru(/Z"* Jv). f:W.
5. fr/:l\\(*jealous): fr--+ne EI3(farm)--+ta(J) FJ--+L. netamu("*;Z L). ~ti.
6.~ti(*jealous): fr --+yeo(KR)--+ya
E --+ IJ --+gu(KR). yaku( f :;7).
:}--+a.
7. PWJ~(elegant and refined)CIJ-tt--+::E--+_--+ ~ ~--+a(KR) PWJ--+ B --+ l::
fr --+yeo(KR)--+ya ~J--+ill!n(KR). miyabiyaka( ~ f 1::::' f fJ). refined.~.
8. j£(eulalia): ~--+ill!n(KR) fr --+yeo(KR)--+ya. kaya( fJ f).
*.
:}--+a.
:}--+a.
9. ~~(cheap): fr--+yeo(KR)--+ya ~--+51--+/Z ~--+-1 . yasui(f /Z -1). ~.
g--+a.
10. i&(thicket): J1:--+fr--+yeo(KR)--+ya J;z=:!i--+5Z.--+ 7. yabu(f7}
:}--+a.
G). r::I--+gu (KR). r::I--+ko (JR).
P --+:J. P --+ 0
.
1. §¥(reiterate): P --+gu(KR) --'---+ ~ . gutox2. kudokudo(:;7 F :;7 F). talk tediously.
2. ?;-(hold in mouth): IJ --+gu(KR) ~--+gum(KR). kukumu(:;7 :;7 L). ~J.
3. if!(puppet): ~--+ 83 --+ P --+gu(KR)x2 ±(soil)--+tsuchi(J). kugutsu(:;7 :;7" '/).
4.
m30(nail):
1.lIHI.
B --+ D --+gu(KR) -'M'30--+:?f. kugi( J o¥} ~T.
5. ftJtc(Chinese matrimony vine): 1=i] --+ IJ --+gu(KR) G--+:J. kuko(:;7 :J). ftutC.
6. *(smell): P --+gu(KR) § --+=--+sam(KR) 7\.--+ A = -1 (radical). kusai(:;7 +T -1 ).
7. fJ(sneeze): P --+gu(KR) n--++T 13--+ § (eye)--+me(J). kusame(:;7 +T ;1). 0)1.
8. Q(chain): 83--+ P --+gu(KR) EI3--+±--+sa(KR) 1"/[--+9=J--+ I). kusari(:;7 +T I)). ~ft.
9. ,*(skewer): P --+gu(KR) +--+Mb(KR). kushi(:;7 :/).
10. ,,(break): 1f:--+IJ--+gu(KR) +--+Mb(KR) J'.!.--+P--+gu(KR). kujiku(:;7 / :;7). ~.
11. H(spirit): P --+gu(KR) 'H--+==--+4--+shi(JR) ZI3.--+fu(JR).
kushibu(:;7 :/ 7} perform miracle. ~,1tr.
12. '!(shoes): IJ --+gu(KR) ~--+±(soil)--+tsuchi(J). kutsu(:;7 '/).
'fc.
gudu(K): shoes.
13. Pl§'(marriage): B--+IJ--+gu(KR) fr(upperlt)--+T B(day)--+ka(J) B--+l::.
kunagai( J T fJ" -1 )--+kunagu(:;7 T :;7} 5(i3-. intercourse. 39
One theory: kunakai(:;7
T ~ -1 )--+kunaku(:;7 T 2).39
There is confusion about the pronunciation ofthese words (13) because they exist only
in dictionaries and have not been used in spoken language.
144
14. @c(match): P-gu(KR) )L=A(lowerhalf)-/" 1lJ=1-)L-Jv.
kubaru( 1 /'\ Jv). distribute. @c.
15. 9l*(spider): EE-P-gu(KR) *-*-mog(KR). kumo(1 -'t). ~9l*.
16. fE&(extent): ~-I=l-gu(KR) &-7 &-=(2)-i(KR). kurai(1 71). {.st.
17. ~(blinded): P -gu(KR) ~(lt)-7 7\(6)-mutsu(J). kuramu( 17k). ~,B.%.
18. '15L(confused): JL-P-gu(KR) 7G-Jv7. kuruu(1 JvrJ). go mad. fE.
19. ~Z,*(the best place): }:j\i;-P-gu(KR) ~-D-=--==- Z - /
/f:- It. kuninoho( 1 -==- / It).
20. 'IJtlft(indignant): ffil-J:t-7 ffil-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) l=l-gu(KR)
'Ift-E-k. futsukumu(7 ''J 1 k). I~, t~.
21.'~(lazy): !ffi-§-mog(KR)
*-
22. ffijU(gouge): 8
_J..
JJ-/ 5R-P-gu(KR) 3R-$-=I=-sa(KR)
= (2)-i(KR). monogusai( -'t / 1"-+J-1). feel reluctant. 'fjfJt
I=l -gu(KR) iJ -
I).
±k:.
eguri-eguru( J.. 1"Jv).
23. ~ (low): 8 - 1::. P -gu(KR) 8 -=(2)-i(KR). hikui( 1::. 1 1). {J];.
24. ~(feel): gam(KR) P -gu(KR). kamaku( fJ
?
1 )-kamakeru.
25. 1,*(chirp): fJ?k-s6(JR) *-so(KR) I=l -----+gu(KR). sosoku( '/ '/ 1). noisy.
26. ~(spread): m-~-si(KR) l=l-gu(KR). shiku(:/ 1). jz:.
27. frlJ(shaft):
lJ- III-T-gb(KR) PI -----+ I=l -----+gu(KR). jiku( ~ 1). fffi.
28. Jf(retreat): F-si(KR) #-----+
I) '/
I=l -----+gu(KR). shirizoku(:/
I)
'/1). lit
29. *(wail): 7(.-*-T l=l-gu(KR). naku(T 1). {.st.
30. ;fQ(peace): /f:-T-T
Q
-----+gu(KR). nagu(T 1} ;fQ, ,Jill
31. ~)C(sound out): 8 (It)- 1::. § - I=l -----+gu(KR). hiku( 1::. 1).
32. ;}r=~(criticise)(2/): ff:-::E--'t ~ l=l-gu(KR). modoku(-'t F 1). ~,ilMjg:.
33. ~f~(criticism)(2/): a-::E--'t ~ iE-----+:f. modoki(-'t V :f). ~,mm.
34. m~(all): m-7f.:(tree)-ko(J) T-----+ ~ 8-----+8-::::1 ~ l=l-gu(KR).
kotogotoku(::::I
35.
nl(mJt;fkJ,~:g.)(whisper):
f.l,-----+sa(KR) b-sa(KR)
~
::::I"
1-
1). m.
IJ,-j~(8)-ya(J)
I=l -gu(KR). sasayaku(-+J- -+J- '"'f 1).
36. iJ(picture):
..2.._J..
@]-kai(JR) I=l -----+gu(KR). egaku( J..
145
fJ"
1). draw.
m.
37. :DC'=d80 liters):
1=-1~:J
l:::]~gu(KR).
koku(:J 1). :D.
38. i:iJ(move): *~*~T~u(KR) 83~I:::]~:J l:]~gu(KR). ugoku(7 :J"1).
39. P,§(clamor): B ~
~ '3 l:::]~gu(KR).
toyoku(
~ '3
1).
40. ffiil'~t~(clam): ffiil'~~~hab(KR)~hama EE~ I:::] ~gu(KR) ,fU~ iJ ~ I) .
bf--+m.
hamaguriC'71" I)). ffiil'.
* Many Japanese verb endings carne from" I:::] ~gu(KR)."
§o 41-46: §
q~meku(.l1).
41. ¥=(blind): §(eye)~me(J) l:::]~gu(KR) .SZ:~7. mekura(;<' 17). ~.
42. JcRm(surround): § (eye)~me(J) I:::] ~gu(KR) ][~Jv. *meguru(;<' 1"Jv). m.
43. ~JI:(tour)(2/): § (eye)~me(J) I:::] ~gu(KR) ~~Jv. *meguru( /' 1"Jv). ~,
[rJJ.
44. §1[J(wink): § (eye)~me(J) B ~ I:] ~gu(KR) B ~hre(K) 1D~sun(KR).
mekuwasu(;<' 1 r; A).
~mekubase.
re~a.
45. 1ilJil,(i7!J)(flash): Iil~B~c Jil,~5G~7 §(eye)~me(J) l:::]~gu(KR).
hirameku( c 7 ;<' 1). i7!J.
46. mb(bestow): § Ceye)~me(J) l:::]~gu(KR) W~mul(KR). megumu(;<, 1"L). ~.
§. 47-56: P
P~kuro(1
q~koro(:J
0), roku(O 1).
0).
47. 1&(pomegranate): 83~±~sa(KR) I:::] ~gu(KR) I:::] ~ o. zakuroC-1f' 1
48 . •(sack): RClow It)~ 7 I:::] ~gu(KR) I:::] ~ o. fukuro(7 1
0 ).
0 ).
1111&.
~.
49. m,~,*(soapberry): m~mu(KR) $~ I:::] ~gu(KR) I:::] ~ 0 1~\~~m(KR).
"(//lO"')
muk urOIl
-1--'_/_/ . 4HE§3.:L
"",,"", J .
50.Ib(body): :5t(body)~mi(J)* r§'b~ I:::] ~gu(KR) I:::] ~ o. mukuro( L 1
0
).* !1.lI;, 'lt~.
*:5t: muCoId form).36 83 :5t: This mountain was called Tamu(:k~), 2nd year of Saimei.
51. ~'(unrefinedricewine): 83~-t~ ~ @(upperlt)~7 I:::]~o l-J~gu(KR).
doburoku( I," 7" 0 1). 1~Mi.
52. jj¥(shrink back): *~ :lL(stand)~tatsu(J) *~~n(KR) ,§ff~ I:::] ~ 0
D ~gu(K.~). tajirogu( 3< /'
53. ~(reiterate): T(midnight)~ne(J) I:::] ~:J o. nengoro(
54. M(presumptuous): B ~ c ~ B ~ I-J ~:J
0
7c~ 7.
*:/
1}
:J" 0). kind. ~.
hitokorou( c ~ :J
55. ~~(neck armor): 4:~~~-t~~b(KR) ~j~ I:::] ~:J o. shikoro( /' :J
146
0
0
0 ).
7).
;il~,
i2.
56. JW(nanocnide Japonica):30 )J~do(KR) EE1~ P ~::J D. tokoro( ~ ::J D). yam. !IT~.
Yam and f~ are different plants.
57. ~i(dinner): W~::J ~i~chi(KR)
g ~ 'J.
gochiso( ::J"-]- 'J 7). treat. 1l!i~,~ili;t:.
58.n~(word):~~Q~::J -t~-t~~ S~brek(KR).
kotoba(::J ~/'::). ,3~.
59.1SX(desire): LJ~::J !;(~7 J\=1 (radical). kobui(::J 7"1). greedy.
60. mUa(congeal): ~~~~si(KR) a~ n ~::J ~~(low It)~ I). shikori(:/::J I).
muscle stiffness, unpleasant feeling.
61. ~B=(yeast): ~~Q~ko(JR) ~~jin(JR). koji(::J 7 /). ~.
62. ~·(hereupon): U ~::J *(tree)~ko(J) 77*~~. kokoni(::J ::J ~). IH:mt,~.
cf. ffi,'l:)(crocodile): ffi~:±~wang(KR) 77*~~. wani(iJ ~).
H). b(myseU): sa(KR), shi(JR), su(e).
b: mo(KR. garlic).
[2:9(4): sa(KR), shi(JR), su(e).
1. ~(bait): ~~ B (ITl)~:L .§~L~sa(KR). es<!(:L -tT).
2. ~~(signs): ~(cursive)= 2 i;.~L~sa(KR) 7:R~si(KR). kizashi( =\- -of' :/). ~~.
3. B~~(weavebetween): B~L~sa(KR) B~n~gu(KR) ;)i~~~/
i;. ~ L. sagukumu(-tT /" / L).
4. i[(sting): $~L~sa(KR) :j: =+~su(KR). *sasu(-tT::z). stab. WU.
6. ~:Q:(tempt): 5z:~L~sa(KR) 5z:(middle)~ 'J 5z:(upper It)~ 7.
sasou(-tT '/7). invite, induce. ~.
7. ~(pupa): $~L~sa(KR) ~~EE1~-t~-t J+j~=\-. sanagi(-tT-t 0f}
8. 1~~(dredge): :fC~L~sa(KR) *~7:R(lt)~7 7. sarau(-tT 7 7). 1~,~.
9. ~~~~(birthplace):~(old)~furu(J) L~sa(KR) B ~ 1, . furusato(7 )~-tT 1, ).
10. ~(skill): JL~hwan(KR) Z;~L~sa(KR). waza('7 -If} work, feat. ,*,
R.
11. *~(grain of wood): *(tree)~ki(J) :i;~L~sa(KR). kisa(=\- -tT).
12. 1~(raise): ~~~~L~mo(KR) *~tai(JR) a~ p ~gu(KR).
motagu( -t ;< /')-----+motageru. raise head.
13. m~(hungry): JlJl~ B ~ t:. .§~L~mo(KR) ~~I~\~sim(KR)
~~i(JR).
147
himojii( t:. -t /1).
re~a.
14. *,*(raw silk) : x'---+L---+shi(JR) :=E---+kei(JR). shike(/' 'i).
15. ~(packed): *---+shi(JR) x'---+L---+shi(JR). shiii(/' :P).
16. ~(growing thick): *---+ L---+shi(JR) ~ ---+min(KR). shimini( /' 2. ..::::.).
a.
17. m;z(lines): x'---+L---+shi(JR) Ij\---+/'\. shiwa(/' 17). wrinkles. ~lt
18. llCrainbow): I---+=---+..::::. S---+L---+shi(JR). niiiC"::::' :P).
19. ~~(pressing): g=J:---+ 1:::. x,---+L---+shi(JR). hishix2. hishihishi( 1:::. /'1:::. /').
tightly, fast.
20. ~~: bishibishi( 1::::' /' 1::::' /'), strictly, without mercy.
!ii'iC~
. h'IplS
. h'(
21 . ~~:
pIS
1
L ..o'
1..-"' )
L..:;/ L.. : ; / .
d'IttO.
h---+b.
~Eti:z "F "'t
~~,
itq;q.oq:.
h ---+ b---+ p .
22. *iiJ(knot): *---+ 7 §---+L---+shi(JR). fushi(7 /'). joint. iiJ.
23. *(go): L---+/" ±(soil)---+tsuchi(J) L---+su(C). hazusue";::( /Z).
---+hazureru. take off, disconnect. ::$'i-.
24. ~(bell): * *---+L L---+su(C)x2. suzu(/Z A} ~.
25. 'Ef(advance): LL---+su(C)x2 L---+L. susumu(/Z::z. L).
31.
26. mt(offer a meal): §---+L---+su(C) Jt---+~(cursive)---+/Z § (eye)---+me(J)
r::p---+IL---+Jv. susumeru(/Z::z.;< Jv).
JJJ.
27. ID\:(already): §---+L---+su(C) :..t---+T,,::::,. sudeni(::z. Y..::::.).
28. ~tl(fall down):
1 ---+ /
1 ~(upper It)---+ 7 L---+su(C). noifusu( / -1' 7 /Z)
---+noefusu( /
I
7 ::z.). lie down, fall down.
I). ::*:(big)---+dre(KR)---+tai(JR). ::*:(big)---+okii(J)---+o.
11.
::*: ---+ T, 7.
1.1fij~(illness): 173---+J\.=1 (radical) :7c---+tai(JR) *---+>J<=7J\.---+su(KR)
*(tree)---+ki(J). itazuki(1 3< A'~). ~,
fr3.
2. ~~Uar): ~---+~---+:::E---+t ~---+:k---+tai(JR). motai( t 3<1). ji.
3. ~(long for): 1[)---+gm(KR) ~---+*---+tai(JR) :7c---+ 7. shitau(/' 3< '7).
4. ~(carpenter): *---+7C---+tai(JR) I---+ku(JR). daiku(3<"1 J). jeT.
~(J. character)---+:XI.
148
At present, ~ is not used.
I-e.
5. ~(beauty): )(~tai(JR) .::E~±~.:L. tae(3? .:L).
fr9>.
6. E~(violate, break): J.:~*~tai(JR) B(day)~ka(J) *~7. tagau(3? /.7"'1).
:it.
7. ~(wild orange): *~tai(JR) 7C~T }\~/" *~T. tachibana(3? T/-\T). ~.
8. ~*( enjoy): * ~tai(JR) L:R.~ / L:R.~si(KR) *~ L. tanoshimu( 3? / ~ L). ~.
9.1Jt(swift current): B~*~*~T *~tai(JR). nada(T 3?}
10. *~(parched rice): *~*~/\~/'- *~*~tai(JR). hattaie"23? -1).
11. ~(dip): B ~ c *~tai(JR)
1 =7j(~su(KR).
hidasu( c 3?"7..).
12. ;'f,(disorderly): _~ 2. *~tai(JR) {j\~)L~ v JV. midareru( 2. 3?"v Jv). ~L.
13. )(5t(city name)(1/): *(big)~o(J) A=-1 (radical) *~tai(JR). Oita(;t;t -1 3?).
14. *tt(king): *(big)~o(J) tt~~(right)~migi( 2. :3f')C/Jgimi. okimi(;t;t:?t 2. ).
15. ~(arrogance): *(big)~o(J) 1J~:::1 ::1r-~ I). ogori(;t :::1" I). (!t.
16. :i(mandarin duck): :5R:~*(big)~o(J) 1~~)\\\~4~shi(JR)
,~(bird)~tori(J). oshidori(;t ~
c' Jv).
17. {ij\(*/r¥J1ij\::f)(wear): *(big)~o(J) if1ff(upper rt)~ c JV. obiru(;t
18. *~(about): *(big)~o(J) ~~.k~yo(KR) ~~ '/. oyoso(:t '3 '/).
19. ~(big snake): $~*(big)~o(J) ;R~IJ~-o 7t~T. orochi(;t
20.*A(adult)(1/): *(big)~o(J) --'-~ ~ *~T. otona(;t ~
-0
JL.
T). *~'E.
T). *A.
21. ~(toshoulder): *~A~nin(JR) *~T7. ninau("='TrJ).
22. M~~[rl(dirty): 1N~~hi(JR) ~~7c~T. hina(c
F I) ).
T). provincial.
:til.
IN~.
J). 7../(water) and *(tree).
§. 7../(water)=>J<=
1. r~(extinguish):
r ~su(KR).
~ (=]j()~ ~.
A ~g~tsu(JR) 1 =7j(~su. kesu('i" /Z).
2. ?Jlt(filter): !1[~:::1
1 =7j(~su.
kosu(:::1 7..).
3.l5fE~~(wandering): 15fE~b~sa(KR)
1 =7j(~su
sasurai(-lT 7.. '7 -1). 15fEJfJt, ~~B.
4. fi¥j(drop of water):
.N.~ra('7) B ~ C.
* Kana rae t-;, '7) was made from .N..
t1 ~-t~§ib(KR) 1 =7j(~su
IJ ~gu(KR). shizuku( ~ ;()').
5. :&\.(next): a. {={Jj(~7j(~su X~@m(KR) X~7. sugau(7.. jfrJ). rival.
b. {={*~ 7j(~su
X ~@m(KR) A ~in(KR). sugai( /Z
jf -1).
6. ~(healthy): >J<=7j(~su *~-=r~:::1 >J<~/\(8)~ya(J) ~~@ng(KR).
149
next. :&\..
sukoyaka( 7-. :J f iJ). 1~.
7. ~~J(rinse the mouth):
'1 =lj(---;.su 5(=..sZ ---;. 7-.
1 =lj(----+su
8. yJl§(wash):
[LI( 4)----+su(C) I] ----+gu(KR). *susugu( 7-.7-. J}
1 =lK----+su f.1\----+chu(KR)
9. YtX(cool):
10. r~(involuntarily):
11. ~~(clear):
-*---;.1] ----+gu(KR). *susugu( 7-. 7-. J").
1 =lj(---;.su
1 =lj(---;.su ii,---;.L.
1i, y{~.
-*----++---;.~b(KR) T---;.1 . suzushii(7-. :;(:/1).
fEZ.
}Z.,---;.7-. B---;.I]---;.'O. suzuro(7-. ;('0).
YM:.
sumu(7-. L).
12. ii(crush): ::l-+±(soil)-+tsuchi(J) ~---;. 7
13.1;&(make turbid): ~-+:=. ~--->kon(JR)
1 =lj(-+su.
1 =Jj<.--->su.
tsubusu('J 7"7-.).
nigosu(:=. ::::(7-.). t~.
14. ~(become turbid): ~ --->:=. ~ ----+kon(JR) {}----+}v. nigoru(:=' :J"}v). {~.
15. ~(lotus): *-+/\-+),
1 =lj(-+su.
hasu(-"7-.).
Jif.
16. ~~(tears): ~-+:/ P-+ho(KR). shiox2. *shioshio(:/:t:/ :t). in low spirit.
17. 'i'~~(dejectedly):
t
={}-+§.!m(KR) )=j --->weol(KR) ~-+I\\\-+4---;.shi(JR)
9=J.j -+weol. shiwoshiwo(:/ 7:/ 7)-+*shioshio(y:t:/ :t). ti4j'I'~.
g--->o.
18. f)j!fJ(f)j!fJ74*{~)(fade)-+74{~: Y6---->:/ !fJJ----+ B (sun)-+ho(J) W-+mul(KR).
shibomu(:/ ;1{L). f)j!fJ.
19. {f!flj((clear water): ¥~-+:/ lj((water)--->mizu(J). shimizu(:/ 2. A}
20. &(you)( iJ /): :9':(upper It)--->7 & --->:/. nanji(7./ /).
21.1tt(lonely): af-+:/ *-+:t ist--->* tt--->rim(KR). shonbori(:/
'3./;1{ I)).
22. mCreed): ft-+:/ tJ-+/ tJ(bamboo)--->take(J). shinotake(:/ / 3J. 7). {~H'r.
23.1~(astringent): 1~-+:/ 7]-+7 JJ--->in(KR). shibui(:/
§. *(tree)--->mog(KR). if*-Him(KR), rin(JR).
7"1). {If.t
7f\:---;.:t.
24. *J1(unhulled rice): *-+*-+mog *-mi(KR). momi( t
7f\:Ctree)---;.ki(J).
2. ).
25. t-*(rub): *----+mog T-+mu(JR). momu('tL).
26. ~(forest): *-+mog ist-+rim(KR). moriC't I) ).
27.lU~(stammer): M-+*-+T- ~ *--->mog ist--->rim(KR). domori( ~" t I)). flZ.;.
28. fl(stretcher): *-+mog Ef3-+1] _:J. mokko('t2:J). ~.
29. *(foundation): *-+mog T-+ ~ . moto( 't ~).
5G.
30. f~(woodcutter): *-+ki(J) ~-+::.E_:J ~---> I). kikori(~:J I)).
150
tit
B: ho.
31.
~(millet):
/f:-c>/f>-+ki(J) 83-El-1:::. kibi(:\- CO).
32. ;ff$(evergreen trees): 83-±-c>sa(KR) EfJ-T-@n *-ki(J). sakaki(v 7J :\-).
33. *(ceremonial rice cake): :.3z-shi(JR) * - + - ~ *-ki(J). shitogi(:/ ~ :::If'). *, f~.
34. tJJf)(name of tree): 1tI3-7-T *-ki(J). nagi(T:::lf} tll),1JtB.
35. ~(eaves):
J.l.Z-) - / *-ki(J). noki(/ :\-). eaves. f!Lf.
36. ;f9t(awn): /f:--1 - / *-ki(J). nogi( /:::If}
c.
37. tEF(coffin): EI-c> 1::: 83-±(soil)-tsuchi(J) *-ki(J). hitsugi( 1::: ''J:::lf}
tiL
38. :JW(willow): ~-~ng(KR) EI (day)-nal(K) *-ki(J). yanagi(fT:::lf} tyP.
39. g*(side-glance): *-/\_/"-wa(7) *-ki(J) § - _ - 2. . wakimi(7:\- 2.). ~~J2,.
40. fiJffl(use): fiJ-*-ki(J)
m-:\-.
kiki(:\- :\-). flJ.
41. ~~(name offish): /f:/f:-**-ki(J)x2. W(:::lf':::lf}
RR.
42. :f*t~(apple): #-rin(JR) t~-*-ko(J). ringo(
:=1}
I) /
43. t~(gusset): .f=~(cursive)=.zC.:L) #-rim(KR). eri(X I)). collar, lapel.
44. t~m(Harima): ~-*-/\-/', #-rim(KR) M-ma(KR). Harimae'
K).
iL, ill,
t:,~,
L, rh, J"L, :::l<;, 4,~, B, 1<,
§.11:-rib(KR)-ri.
tH-chul(KR).
I)
'"7).
=.
t:-bi(KR). t:- C::..
1. ~(cloudy): 4--gum(KR) 11: -rib(KR). kumori(;; "f:: I) )-kumoru. •.
2. {~(side): ::0-h6(JR) -'-- ~ lz: -rib(KR). hotori(1t ~ I)). ill,OO"l=.
3. ;~(paste): /f:-T-/ OO-lz:-rib(KR). nori(/ I)).
ttl
4. r~(light): EI- 1::: )( -ka(JR) 11: -rib(KR). hikari( 1::: 7J I). :JIG.
5. 'l'i(trance): a. ~i-:::Z.-c>JZ.-c>u(KR) EI-c> 1, lz:-rib(KR) ,&-9.-A iI' ={}_}v.
uttorisuru('7 2-.
b.
--x. -u(KR) l'f.-T-ggn lz: -rib(KR).
~ I) A Jv).
absorbedly.
ukkari( '7 2-. 7J I)). carelessly.
6. W(exit): ±-=(2)-c>i(KR) W-chul(KR). izuru( -1 ;(Jv).
7. W~(Izumo): ±-=(2)-i(KR) W-chul(KR) z;;-b-mo(KR). Izumo( -1 ;("f::).
8. ~ W(remarkable): ~-il(1<~)-ichi( -I-chi) W-chul(KR)-chiru(tsu<--->chi)
W-+-c>sib(KR) ±-=(2)-i(KR). ichizirushii( -11-:,; Jv:/ -1). ~.
9. {JITI(strong): W-chul(KR) W-c>::I {JIll--1 . tsuyoiC'J ::I -1). BsL
151
10. ilifi(iii'ft)(facial bone): t±l~chul(KR)~tsura 'ft(bone)~hone(J).
tsura-bone(,/' '7 *,;f. ).
~tsura.
face. "iii.
11. ~(ear of rice, wheat etc.): /f:~ka(JR) r:,~bi(KR). kabi( iJ 1:::').
12. M(crack): lt~hi(JR) r:,~bi(KR). hibi( t 1:::'). fJVf.
13. ~(resound): 1~~~S~B~t r:,~bi(KR) fJ~gu(KR). hibiku(t 1:::' J).
14. ~(noise)(iJ/): 1f~:lz:~-'-~ ~ B~:3 !A~L. toyomu( ~ :3 L). ~ib.
§. ~~si(KR).
16.
L ~chag(KR)~chaku(JR.
7--"1 J)~chi(7-).
§~(slander): ~~si(KR) fJ~:::J ~~chug(KR).
shikozu(:;/:::J A}
~.
17. §~(blind): § (eye)~me(J) ~~~~si(KR) ~~=(2)~i(KR). meshii(;t :;/ 1"). ~.
18. ~(many): lfll.~[IIJ~mang(KR)~man ~~si(KR). maneshi(?;f. :;/). ~.
19. ~(raise): /"~/\(8)~ya~~si(KR) *~T7. yashinau(~:;/Tr).
20.
*
(family): *~r-'-?~ r) ~~si(KR). !!ii(r) S/). lineage . ./fj,
**.
Jl.
Homo: ~§.(maggot): .:E~T~U(KR) L~shi(JR). !!ii( r) S/).
21. jI(pink): ffi~-G(7)~nanatsu(J) ~~ T ~tei(JR) ~~si(KR) ffi~ko(JR).
nadeshiko( T T" :;/ :::J ). ~ T .
22. ~(boar): ±~=(2)~i(KR) ~~ / ~~si(KR) ±~--t~§ib(KR).
inoshishi( 1" / :;/ :;/). ~.
23. ~(road): §~=~ 2. L~chaku(1--"I J). michi( 2. 1-). ~.
24. ;j:(far): :ft ~weon(KR) L ~chaku( 1- -"I J). wochi( =J 1- )~ochi(::t 1-).
25. 3±(crossroads): L ~chakuC± -"I J )+--+tsu('/') --t~sib(KR). tsuji('/' S/).
§. rh~kin(JR)~ki.
JL~bon(JR)~bo( M')~ho( iT-).
::lG~ka(JR).
26. rjJ)J(dish towel): J]~ 7 rh~kin(JR). fukin(7::\- :/). :ffJr\1.
27. ~(brocade): 4:~::E~±~=~..:=. --t~§ib(KR) r\1~kin(JR). nishiki(..:=.:;/ ::\-).
28. $t:;(napkin, a piece of cloth): :ffJ(cloth)~nuno(J) $t~r\1~kin(JR) r:,~L~ v.
nunogire(;X / :3f'v). :ffJ!fD. ~kire(::\- v). a piece. !fD.
29. $JL(sail): fL~bon(JR)~bo(*} ho(*).
30. ~Gar): 1L~fL~bon(JR)~bo(*,) ~~-'-~ ~ ~~::\-. hotogi(* ~ :3f} ffi.
31. ~(raft): {X~ 1" :::IG~ka(JR) tt(bamboo )~dre(K). ikada( 1" iJ 3t ").
152
32. ~(barb): ~---+T---+ill!n ~---+ :=l<;---+ka(JR) ~~(Iow Jt)---+
I).
kakari(;I]
;I] I) ).
33. M(salty): WG---+:=l<;---+ka(JR) ID'f---+ff---+JT---+7 ID'f---+=(2)---+i(KR). karai(;I] 71). ~.
34. ~~(province)(2=): r-'-7Ctz.:=~)---+a :=l<;---+ka(JR) EI3(farm)---+ta(J). agata(7
;1]":5<).
w,*.
35. IDr~(blood-stained): Jfn ---+ketsu(JR) tX:---+ :=l<;---+ka(JR) tX:---+su(KR).
kegasu( 7
36.
~(prosper):
;1]" A).
soil, defile.
fF],~.
$:---+seong(KR)---+sa :=l<;---+ka(JR) JIll. ---+ I). sakari(-tJ;I] I). peak.
37. l'!\'Y;(fight): l'J'l---+dan(KR) ffi(farm)---+ta(J) :=l<;---+ka(JR) Ej3---+=Y·---+u(KR).
tatakau(:5< :5<
;I]
r'J). l'!\'y;, II1W.
38. $j(device): L---+shi(JR) ~---+j(;---+ka(JR) *(tree)---+ke(J). shikake(~;I] 7). {tJ~Er.
§. l:j=-(cow)---+u(KR).
l:j=-: gyi1(JR).
40. tj::-(cow): tj::----+u(KR) +---+§ib(KR). ushi(r'J
~).
41. t6*(beautiful): *---+tl'~---+u(KR) ±(soil)---+tsuchi(J) *---+ku(J) +---+.§ib(KR)
=(2)---+i(KR). utsukushii( r'J ''J :; ~ 1). ~.
42. m~(sea): a. ~¥---+/I---+u(KR) JEJ---+EI3---+:=E---+-=-::---+ ~ . umi(r'J ~). ~.ij.
b.
11~----+u(KR)
ffi---+:::E---++---+T. una(r'J T-). prefix. sea-.
~.ij.
43_ llE(bear): a. tj:::'---+u(KR) ;t*---+munCKR). umu(r'J L). J"ii, "'I=..
b. 11-----+u(KR) ;t* ---+bun(JR). ubu( r'J 7}
*!it:;t is at the top.
44. {t:.~(birth): 11-----+u(KR) ~ (word)---+mal(K). umaru(r'J? }v)---+umareru.
±., J&.
45. ~¥;f§',(get tired): ~¥---+tl:::'---+u(KR) ;f§',---+L. umu(r'J L). {-if.
46. m":t(alive)= It ---+!:[:::.---+u(KR) It-+:::E -+ ±(soil)---+tsuchi(J) m---+:::E---+
±(soil)---+tsuchi(J). utsutsu( r'J ''J ''J). alive, awake. m.
§.
4l-(each)---+gag(KR)---+ga.
47. 1!fJfi'(disappointed): 1'3----+gag(KR) B (day)---+ka(J) Jl---+ I). gakkari(;I]"..z.;I] I).
48. *.§-(cultivate): 1'3----+::)(---+:5< 1'3----+ill!g(KR) *---+/\.(8)---+ya(J) X---+A.
tagayasu(:5< ;I]"~ A).
f1t.
49. {~IH:fr(invade)(2/): ffi---+:::E---+6(JR) 1'3----+ill!g(KR) ::)(-+X---+A. okasu(;t;l] A). 3"8.
50. ~ 1~~(waterway)(2/): 1'3--+:x. ---+? 1'3----+ill!g(KR) 5!.. ---+ A. makasu(?;I] A).
draw water. ~ I.
153
g---+a.
51. 111I!J3.(like serpent's crawling)(2/): ~---.. rn ---..:=E ---.. -'t: P ---..:::J :=E ---.. '3
43----..@g(KR). mokoyoka( -'t: :::J '3 fJ). 111I!J3..
52. 70t13-(form)(2/): 43----"@g(KR) )z ---..)l. )z---..chi(KR). katachi( fJ )l. T). 70.
53. ~**(machinery)(l/): 43----"@g(KR) ~---"rag(KR) 43----..6' ---.. /j
~(low
It)---..
I). karakuri( fJ
/j I)). ~**, ~~m.
7
54. ~(twine): 43----..@g(KR) ~---"rag(KR), :k---..L. karagu(fJ
7
/j"), karamu(fJ
7 L).
55. ~(summary)(Ant): EB---..±(soil)---..tsuchi(J) )z---..;;Z---..'? B ---.. c ~---..
mg(KR)---"ra(y t) 4§----"ill!g(KR). tsumabirakaCJ'?
§. S (sun)---..hi(J)---..ho(J).
c' 7
fJ). detailed. ~'f..
!k(=,\\\. fire)---..bi(J)---..bo(J).
Many words were made reading sun( B) and fire(!k, ,\\\) as ho.
56. ?!MCtide): !fi)j---..lf!---..f---..u(KR) ?!M---../ B ---..ho. ushio(rJ / :t).
57. 1\t(cover): EB---..:=E---..6(JR) B ---..ho}c---.. 7. oou(:t:t rJ)---..6u.
:fl.
58. ~(JfU. public office): ±(soil)---..tsuchi(J) B ---..ho 1ID*---..[7lj(4)---..ne(K).
tsuboneCJ *"*). court lady.
JfU.
*IX-C-9.
59. j;(jar): ~---..rn---..±(soil)---..tsuchi(J) B ---..ho. tsubo('J;t}
60. ~;(deaf): JJ---..;E---..chung(KR)
1f---.. B ---..ho.
'i!i.
tsunbo('J /';t}
V.
61. *(accomplish): *---..:t B ---..ho rn---..+---..su(C). ohosu(:t it A). ---..ooseru.
62. !jiJ~(dim)(l/): l!---..:=E---"6(J) B (sun)---..ho p---.. D. oboro(:t;t' D). B~t
63.
£ (star): £---.. B ---..ho
,l:1=----..:=E---..+---..~b(KR). hoshi(it /).
64. ff-fIl(thin, slender): EB---.. B ---..ho IJ\---..so(KR) B ---"=(2)---..i(KR). hosoi(it 'J 1').
65. ;l'f(rise):
7+---.. /
B ---..ho
f-t---..
I). nobori( / * I) )---..noboru.
66. 'J:(halo): B ---..ho Ej3---..kab(KR) +---..~b(KR). bokashi(* fJ /). scumble.
67. sJj ~~(bright): ~Jj---.. B ---..ho
Jl---..:I] (karasu)
~)j=J~~---" ~---.. 7
Jj ---.. fJ (karasu).
hogaraka(it '/j'7 fJ).
68. ~(spear): B ---..ho
is----.. p
69. ~4(untie): EB ---.. B ---..ho
---..:::J. hoko(it:::J). :;:Yo
7J ---.. do (KR) fij ---.. /j. hodoku( it V /j).
70. 1I!J3.(nearly): EB ---.. B B ---..hox2. hobo( it ;i\'). ~li, ~.
71. ~ft(hood): ~---.. B ---..ho P ---.. D. horo( it D).
72. i<!flCrags)(2/): fl---..~---.. B ---..ho P ---.. D. bora( * D). :f!:fl.
154
M.
73. 7rF(deep): 9=J---+ B ---+ho 9=J---+:!I;-. old(::t :!I;-). offshore.
74. T :515 (young man)(2/): ffi ---+ '3 B ---+ho P ---+ D. *yohoro( '3 ;t D). T.
75. JJi(hollow of the knee): ffi---+ '3 B ---+ho P ---+ D. *yohoro( '3 ;t D). g~.
76. JJi( ditto): B ---+ l:: @---+ka(JR) *---+T---+.@n =---+ 2.. hikagami( l:: iJ iJ" 2.). g~.
77. ~(flame): k---+ho A---+/ k---+ho. honoo(;t / ::t).
78. ~ai(mole): ~---+I"'= k ---+ho ~(black)---+kuro(J). hokuro(;t -; 0). ~T.
79. yt(dry): k---+ho g---+sui(JR). hosu(;t/Z,). T.
80. ~(heat): 1I\\=k---+ho ~---+5C---+T JV. hoteru(;t T Jv). k~~,~.
81. ~(heat): ,\\\=k---+ho T---+ ~ YL---+JL---+Jv. hotoru(;t
1, Jv).
L). )c, r~, ~~. Most of the following words are shown elsewhere.
§. )((literai): mun(KR)---+hun(JR).
1.
m->b.
W(chest): Jt ---+mun(KR) }j =~---+P'0->n<e(KR).
mune( L"*). E~.
JP\=~): This unusual character was also used in Japan.
2. :R '/f{!(pity)(2=): :R->f!i(JR) 'if{!---+
'I' =IL}---+F'
{}->L-> v Jt ---+mun(KR).
awaremu(i '7 v L). :R.
3. Prl,~{spotted horse): Jt ---+mun(KR) I~---+ '7 (karasu). mura( L '7). spot. m.
4. }~Ji B (Musuhi)(a part of two gods' name, in the Kojiki):
Ji'---+ Jt ---+mun(KR)
'*
*---+T->SU(C) B -> 1:::. Musuhi( L 7.. 1:::).
*,*(nest): su(J).
5. BJi'(difficult delivery)(2/): Ji'(Jt at top)---+ Jt ---+mun(KR) 1::---+ ±(soil)---+tsuchi
r ---+.@n(JR) T---+gb(KR) =(2)---+i(KR).
mutsukashii( L 'J iJ :/ -1). difficult. B.
6. m(spotted): Jt ---+bun(JR) ±(soii)---+tsuchi(J). buchi(7"1-). m, ,~.
7. 'I,&f~'(stingy):
'f' ={}->F'---+/\(8)---+ya(J) )z: ---+bun(JR) 'Ef---+ ++-->-!f
B (day)->ka(J). yabusaka(f 7"-!f iJ).
§. r~(gate): mun(KR)->mon(JR).
~~(weak)->yag(KR).
:g:.
~~: jaku(JR).
8. F-iJ~7~(writhe in agony): Fl---+mon(JR) 7~->dab(KR) B ->.::L I~\->JV.
modaeru( t jt.::L Jv). F-iJ~.
9. *Fl(c1an)(2/): Fl---+mun(KR). mune( L"*). purport. *.
155
1O. ~(inspect): ~----+yeol(KR)----+ara St----+tai(JR) r'----+mun(KR).
aratamu(7'7 3J. L). renew.
ax.
11. F~(finish, cease): ~----+ =*= ----+ /\(8)-+ya(J) r'----+mun(KR). yamu( f L). 11::., B.
12. E~u~(distressed): tJ----+T----+7 ~u~----+{}----+/"----+J\(8)----+ya(J) r'----+mun(KR).
nayamu(7f L). 'I'~.
13.I*J(calm): *----+/ 13-+ ~ r'-+mun(KR). nodomu(/ FA)----+nodomaru. ;fQ.
14. ;W(purple. XVII-58)~r'~~: r'-+mun(KR) I~----+ '7 (karasu) £----+sreg(KR).
murasaki( L '71f ='r).
15. ~~(supple): ~~----+;; ----+4-+shi(JR) :9:(upper It)----+ 7 ~~-+yag(KR). shinayaka( ~ 7 f iJ).
16. ~~(supple): :9:(upper It)-+7 ~~-+;; ----+4-+yo(J) ~~-+yag(KR). nayoyaka(7:3 f iJ).
17. fjz~~(soft)(2/): ~~----+~g(KR) i:j(bow)-+hwal(K)----+hara i:j----+ iJ (karasu).
yawaraka( f r; '7 iJ).
156
*.
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