Management de l`innovation Design industriel

Management de l’innovation
Design industriel
Pierre Bonnal
Professeur et chef du département Économie d’entreprise
Haute école de gestion de Genève
[email protected]
mardi 14 septembre 2009
Haute école de gestion
Économie d’entreprise
1
Aux origines du design industriel.
> Début du XXe siècle, en Europe Ú from the inside out
> Début du XXe siècle, aux États-Unis Ú from the outside in
> Charnière des années 70.
2
Mission du design industriel.
Maximiser l’utilisation d’un produit.
Esthétique
Ergonomie
Fonction
wow! factor,
désirabilité,
désirabilité
ésirabilité,
différenciation.
diff renciation.
utilisabilit
utilisabilité,
maintenabilit
maintenabilité,
sécurité
écurité / sûreté.
sûreté
doit rendre
un service !
3
Mission du design industriel.
Comment cette mission se réalise-t-elle ?
Tous ensemble :
] Qu’attendent (que devraient attendre) les utilisateurs
de ces produits ?
] Ces attentes sont-elles satisfaites ?
] Quels aspects devraient être considérés afin
de satisfaire pleinement ces attentes ?
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
2SECONDS Quechua
Gold Consumer
Products
CREDIT: DECATHLON (France)
2SECONDS is a self-erecting
tent. Just throw it in the air
and it opens on its own
before reaching the ground.
All that's required are six
pegs to secure it to the
ground.
The key to the design are
the two spring hoops made
of fiberglass, a material that
reduces the diameter of the
hoops and allows it to be
easily folded for compact
storage
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Eva Solo Tea-maker
Gold Consumer
Products
CREDIT: Tools Design (Denmark)
CLIENT: Eva Denmark A/S (Denmark)
The Eva Solo Tea-maker is a complete solution to tea
making. The Eva Solo design utilizes a solid metal cup
that when depressed fully encases the leaves,
preventing further steeping and the tea from
becoming bitter. Because the elongated filter
allows the leaves to extend to the bottom
of the carafe, a partial pot is easily brewed.
When pouring, the unique flip-top lid opens
automatically with the metal lip preventing
messy drips.
The fabric cover (referred to as a "tea-shirt")
keeps the tea hot and accentuates the sleek
lines of the glass jug as well as protects
the pourer's hand and the table from
heat. The "shirt" comes in a variety of
colors and materials to allow consumers
to "dress" their tea maker to fit their
personal style.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
SignalOne Safety
Vocal Smoke Detector
Gold Consumer
Products
CREDIT: Bresslergroup
and SignalOne Safety Kidsmart
The SignalOneSafety Vocal Smoke Detector
uses a parent's recorded voice to wake
children in case of a fire and provide them
with evacuation instructions. The VSD is
effective in waking nearly twice as many
sleeping children as traditional smoke alarms.
The device's interface makes it easy for
parents to record the voice alarm message
through a combination of written directions
and step-by-step verbal prompts.
Other features include an adjustable ceiling
mount ring that allows the speaker to be
pointed directly at the child's bed from
anywhere in the room. Installation and
battery replacement are easy, and the design's soft forms and low profile blend into a child's
room yet it still looks professional and trustworthy. The VSD, the company's first product,
has achieved mass distribution through major retail channels and received widespread
publicity.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Crown TSP6000
Turret Stockpicker
Silver Business
& Industrial Products
CREDIT: Crown Equipment Corp., Formation Design Group,
Ergonomic Systems Design, Inc., Substance Design Group Ltd.,
and Design Central CLIENT: Crown Equipment Corp.
Turret trucks are designed to operate in the narrow
aisles of high-throughput warehouses with rack heights
up to 38 feet, spaces where conventional lift trucks are
unsuitable. With the TSP6000 Crown wanted to again
dominate this market sector it once pioneered.
After assessing how this market has evolved,
the design team determined that a radically
reconfigured design was required. Turret
operators can now perform a wider variety
of tasks with increased comfort, confidence
and security. The TSP6000 offers both a
front-facing and side-facing seat position,
previously only available in separate truck models,
to address different styles of warehousing. Reconfigured
controls enable the operator to simultaneously operate all truck
functions with intuitive ease. In the first six months of production,
the Turret gained a 120 percent increase in market share.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Cocoon – disaster
relief shelters
Bronze Design
Explorations
CREDIT: NewDealDesign
The first few days of large-scale
disasters are the most critical in
saving lives, comforting victims and
assisting societies. The Cocoon
concept shifts the paradigm of
emergency shelter distribution
from a complex, time-consuming
bureaucratic system to small,
self-contained, personally deployable
setups. It augments current tent solutions
that take weeks to deploy and require the military
and disaster-relief professionals to assemble.
Cocoon kits can be air-dropped into disaster areas
within a few hours and setup by the victims themselves.
When subsequent tent cities are assembled, the Cocoon
shelters can provide additional privacy and security. The
three designs, Case, Capsule and Cuddle, cover the full
spectrum of need, from larger, more rigid structures to the
Cuddle blanket/poncho. This open-source design is intended
to be mass produced by local governments, NGOs and the UN.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Hundred Dollar
Laptop Computer
Silver Design
Explorations
CREDIT: Design Continuum CLIENT: MIT Media Lab.
The MIT Media Lab's research initiative revolutionizes
how the world's children are educated by working with l
ocal ministries of education to distribute one laptop per
child. The biggest hurdle was designing a genuinely
useful computer that could feasibly be built for $100.
At the same time, because the computer will be used
by children in a wide variety of environments, the
device needed to be very robust and able to
operate off the grid with a hand-cranked
on-board generator. The laptops will
have wireless broadband that, among
other things, allows them to work as a
mesh network to create an ad hoc, local-area
network. Because the system will be distributed
throughout the world, its aesthetic is culturally neutral
while appealing to children from five to fifteen. The design
has been a huge public relations hit, and several partners have come on board. Red Hat will
produce software, Taiwan's Quanta will manufacture the machines and AMD will supply the
processors. The first 5 million units will be shipped to China, Brazil, India, Argentina, Egypt,
Nigeria and Thailand by the end of the year.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Pluma
Gold Packaging & Graphics
CREDIT: Brandia Central (Portugal)
CLIENT: Galp Energia SGPS (Portugal)
Pluma is a lightweight canister for storing
and transporting LP gas for domestic use.
Named after the Latin term for a bird's feather,
Pluma is 50 percent lighter than traditional
steel cylinders. And due to its polyethylene
composition, Pluma doesn't sound like a
normal gas canister either.
The exterior is covered with a heavy grain
texture for a soft look and warm touch, and
the interior is comprised of a pressed, coated
steel plate liner less than 1 mm thick.
The ergonomic design of the collar and rounded
handle provide greater comfort and efficiency
when lifting or handling. Its clean shape and
bright coloration is also more suitable for
household environments.
Its iconographic design sets a new standard for
mass-produced lightweight LP gas cylinders.
11
'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Mion Footwear
Bronze Ecodesign
CREDIT: Keen Design Studio and Timberland Invention Factory
CLIENT: The Timberland Company
Mion is a high-performance amphibious
shoe that provides unique comfort in
an ecologically sensitive design.
The project incorporated several
cutting-edge environmental
innovations that have advanced
best practices for green product
design and development in the
footwear industry. Mion contains t
he first ever Eco Metrics label
(inspired by the FDA's nutritional-facts label)
to provide consumers with details on the impact
of their purchase. The shoe is heavily comprised of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), a relatively
inert material. EVA's ability to be easily molded (instead of cutting and gluing), enabled
radical reductions in both energy use and waste generation. Mion's repertoire of ecologically
sensitive materials includes a corn-based film, which produces the unusual morphic effect
on the outer surface. Mion also provides the protection and comfort expected from a sport
shoe, including the ergomorphic footbed that permanently molds to the wearer's foot after
12 hours and its light weight even after being in the water all day.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Intelligent Energy ENV Bike
Gold Design
Explorations
CREDIT: Seymourpowell (UK) and Intelligent Energy (UK).
ENV is the world's first purpose-built hydrogen fuel cell motorcycle,
intended to demonstrate the potential of this technology,
all in a fashion-forward design.
In addition to being lightweight,
streamlined and aerodynamic,
its performance outstrips
all electrically fueled
bikes. The bike's
iridescent white
and high-gloss
black finish
express its
parallel natures:
a utopian vision
of clean power and
the excitement of a
hard-edged good ride.
The ENV motorcycle produces almost no noise
pollution, and the only emission is water vapor pure
enough to drink. The bike can run for up to four hours
before refueling.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Celle Task chair
Bronze Ecodesign
CREDIT: Jerome Caruso Design CLIENT: Herman Miller
Celle is a mid- to low-price environmentally advanced
task chair for individual workstations, conference and
training rooms, and healthcare and home office
environments. The design minimizes the use of
toxic materials as measured though the Cradle to
Cradle design protocol. The chair is 99 percent
recyclable and contains 33 percent recycled
content. The cellular suspension eliminates the
need to glue foam, fabric and plastic together,
greatly enhancing recyclability.
For users, Celle addresses the most common
problem in the workplace: lower-back pain
and fatigue. The cellular suspension provides
different flex regions for the four key areas of
the back, and the contour and overall design
elements support the pelvis and lumbar.
Options include height- and depth-adjustable
lumbar support, height/width/pivot arms,
fixed arms, adjustable seat depth, forward
seat angle, various upholstery choices and low
and high height cylinders.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
SHIFT
Gold, Design Explorations
Concept Bicycle
CREDIT: Scott Shim and Matt Grossman
The SHIFT bicycle helps children learn how
to ride a bike by gradualy teaching them
how to balance on their own.
With this concept, designers wanted to
evolve beyond traditional training wheels,
which only serve to prevent a bike from
tipping. SHIFT provides more balance at
lower speeds when stability is most critical
(starting and stopping).
As the child builds forward momentum,
the bike's dual rear wheels shift inward,
thus causing the balance to gradually shift
from the bicycle to the child. Designers
also wanted the bike's appearance to help
build self-confidence.
The look evokes nothing of the generally
perceived childish training wheels.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
E - rope
Bronze Student Designs
CREDIT: Chul Min Kang,
Miju Kim and Sung Hun Lim
CLIENT: Pratt Institute
E-rope is a modular power strip that
enables users to add or subtract
sockets as needed. In addition, to
better accommodate large, bulky
cords each socket can also be rotated
180 degrees, so adjacent sockets are
not blocked. When electrical devices
are not in use, simply twist the socket
section 90 degrees to disconnect the
flow of electricity. (Often referred to
as vampire power, approximately
10 percent of a home's electricity
is used by appliances in standby
mode.)
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
The MIN.CHAIR
Gold Student Designs
CREDIT: Chul Min Kang
CLIENT: Pratt Institute
The MIN is a fun, engaging chair for children
aged five to eight that also converts
into a rocking chair.
Made from a single
piece of injection
molded plastic, the
design offers great
manufacturing
efficiencies and could
be produced in a wide
range of fun colors.
With no legs and its
single, rounded form,
the MIN.CHAIR is
ambiguous at first
glance.
But the cleverness of its
dual function soon wins
over all who see it.
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'06 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EXCELLENCE AWARDS
Terraform
Silver Student Designs
CREDIT: Robert Moser
CLIENT: College for Creative Studies
Terraform is a new approach to intravenous medication delivery.
The IV has undergone few changes in its long history. As a result,
patients often experience negative associates with such treatment.
Terraform strives to reduce patient anxiety by providing a more
inviting, comforting, less sterile appearance. The design also offers
a number of practical improvements. All the components in the
system have a clearly dedicated space leading to better
organization.
The connection method between the bags and the pole has also
been refined. By using a friction attachment method bags can no
longer be ripped from the metal hook. The powdered reagent pack
facilitates the infusion of dry medications, and the improved drip
visualization better indicates the rate of flow of the medication.
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19
Part du design industriel
dans le coût de DPN.
% of NPD budget
spent on ID
30
Hand-held
medical instrument
20
Desktop
computer
peripherial
Large-scale
medical
instrument
10
Hand-held
power tool
0
10k
Industrial food
processing
equipment
100k
Medical
imaging
equipment
Automobile
1M
Liner airplane
10M
100M
Total expenditure on ID (USD)
20
Combien investir dans l’effort de design industriel ?
> Coûts direct.
Main d’œuvre æ designers industriels (~150 CHF·h-1)
Stylistes, modélistes, maquetistes, prototypistes…
Commande de modèles, de maquettes, de photos…
> Coûts de fabrication.
Fonction des matériaux choisis, de leur forme, de la finition,
des couleurs…
Si les designers sont impliqués dans les processus suffisamment
tôt, alors les coûts liés à ces choix peuvent être marginaux.
> Calendrier. Attention : la prise en compte de considérations
esthétiques et ergonomiques prend toujours du temps.
21
Quelle doit être l’importance du design industriel ?
Besoins en terme d’ergonomie.
FAIBLE
ÉLEVÉ
q Utilisabilité ?
1
2
3
4
5
w Maintenabilité ?
1
2
3
4
5
e Importance des interactions ?
1
2
3
4
5
r Caractère novateur des interactions ?
1
2
3
4
5
t Sécurité ? Sûreté ?
1
2
3
4
5
Besoins en terme d’esthétique.
FAIBLE
ÉLEVÉ
y Différenciation visuelle requise ?
1
2
3
4
5
u Fait de posséder ? Emotional appeal ?
1
2
3
4
5
i Belle ouvrage ?
1
2
3
4
5
MOYENNE
MAXIMUM
22
Quelle doit être l’importance du design industriel ?
Téléviseur – Tour industriel – Copieur de bureau
Extincteur – Poignée de porte – Jouet d’enfant
Cinq minutes, avec votre ou vos voisins :
] Évaluer l’effort de design industriel à consentir pour
chacun de ces six produits.
] Quel est celui qui doit mériter le plus d’attention ?
23
Contribution du design industriel
à l’image de marque d’une entreprise.
24