http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz

http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz
ResearchSpace@Auckland
Copyright Statement
The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand).
This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the
Act and the following conditions of use:
•
•
•
Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or
private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any
other person.
Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's
right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement
will be made to the author where appropriate.
You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from
their thesis.
To request permissions please use the Feedback form on our webpage.
http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/feedback
General copyright and disclaimer
In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of
their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis
Consent Form.
SOCIAT REIATIONS
IN A NORTHI,AND
IUAORI COMMUNITY
Thesi-s presented for the
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in the
Unj-vers ity of Auckland
1
Departnent of
A
nthropolory
967
Annada Charan lhagabati
j
00rsErrs
Pegr
T8,Ef,AOE
oEl!!!m,
CETPIT
I
rI
Irs,ouoll0x
Sc hobleu
1'
IT IO8lHI{TD
lrrall.tlonrl Soottty rnd
Soohl 0bange
2A-r6
lEE ITOnI
ln
Xortbland
Bural
htgrrttoa
rrr lEr g8!!IIe
locetlon anil Oonrnloatlon
OETP!8 IY
1
Itclll ?orl
DrrotrelDlo Ortlt.n.
lhr nnral laort Oontatty
oxA!':m,
1-19
Etttlenrnt Prttrra
8lrtor{.orl Octl:tnr
lEE ITOBI IT r[E 8ETIIIO
lnor6rno. of r Ieorl
BcrLicntld Oounlty
loorltttr of Odgttl
Eoohl. Deotgroun0
(r) Elnrhtp
(b) IEt and ErrE
Bdusatlond Erotgrtnu0
20
2'
27
,,
J7-51
,T
+o
1'
5g-m
,?
51
6+
6+
Bcllelmr l,ffttl,at lsnr
6+
58
69
leolgronnd,
70
ElosrrDbtoal rotcr
7'
Ilgrrtlon end Oosutntloarl
Pagr
cf,^3,!ra,
Y
lCI8fr tEE B,fglg Ol IEE
coutmrr
Ooorpattons
thr Frcctlng f,orkr
(a) thr Industrlrl
OEAP|IEB,
OHADIM,
ourmra,
VI
WI
vrrr
tm
El-1 | 6
81
8?
Orgenkettou
(b) Dornttoqf Brrldsnte
uO 0omrtGr!
8T
(o) rnoonr
(a) soohl Brletton! at
thg lorkr
n
HoU8D80ID
94
99
| 1?-159
fhc P\yrtoal Srttlng
Ibnogrenhlo Strlotrrc
Aoorcttona to Eouseboldr
119
Ilrr
Eouaohol0 leuagcnnt
1r1
1ra
Eourchold Brlattonr
149
Dallry Boutlas
rIr8trl
122
127
Adoptlon
150-201
162
Irtre-looal f,ln
155
ftnebtp and lllgratlon
Pettcrnr of looa1 ElnablB
Verlrtl.onr tn Tln
Belrtlonrblpr
flp6trouDr at !r 0ro
ktcadtd f,larblp lhr
!88 Il0BIg AS .r oorHnrlf (r)
Sono Oulfirrrl ArDcota of
tbr Couralty
(a) Ethnto Dletlnotlon
(b) freilttonrl lrtel
Oraftr and hrlo
1?1
1T'
179
1E8
197
202-211
20,
205
207
IhSr
(s) thc Irlnrtenoc of Iaort
(d)
langaegr
Oustorer3r
Erl'1rfr
ead
trdttlona
fnferrd ComntQr Bdrttonr
OEATd IT
209
21,
22,O
(e) 3oo1rl lrerrnofr
(b) rclglbqrhood Rcl'att'onr
Sonr Inrtlhrtlone.l Aotlvlthrr
220
222
@., rt0d1ng aDA !r'lld.
211
IrG,Ig r,6 a omrtlr (u)
Sr Gnltrral loot of th.
21r-tl8
"sE
Counlty
Sc P1aor of Brllglon
Etcnorl lrotorr of Oornnlty
lfDr Or6en!,ratlonrl lrmrorte
of thr leorl 0onnltU
(a) fta lrlbrt Genl,ttrc
(b) ,!b. Ilorl lorcatr
fal.?uc Doa$c
(c)
*:"f
i":stH
(i) thr
!o
Eon lfrllr
Eradcah:lp lhrong[ Ioerrl
Orgrnlretionr
Ore
(e) lbr f[crttrlf
(b) @sllty rsn Goatrnt of
trerderrblD
lnthortty en{ Seolel Coatrsl
Oontnlty Bffortr lroag
llrr Ertcranl Agruchr rn[
tDr Iaorl Oonulty
(a) flro Dcprrtrrat of
I8orl, lffalrr
(b) tbc lorer of htrrrrl
Ogl.nlon
2+'
2+9
2n
zrg
zrg
257
270
2T'
27|r
a?8
zEe
294
,OT
tOE
,1,
PrIr
oElE[n,
r
IEE IAonIg
il !E
TIDEB
lhr Pehbu rt !r
ommfr ,194E,
ODo
Pcrroaal Brlrtloathlpr
(e) Infonrl Eoolal 0ontrott
and FH.endlhtP
(b) Intrrna,rlaF
Belrtil, oltt
(d) Ethnlo-ourtural
Idcntlfioatlou tn
Folna1 Bolettonr
end
Dlmnatronr
Bclettont
ffiTl|t,IN,
II
,2'
,26
,,,
t-
Rclatlonrblpr 1n tbc lornrX.
Oontutr
(a) fork
(b) Drralanrr Bclattoub1pr
(o) Otbrr Eeror of, Eoolal
(c) IrJorlty
,20
i
,,7
,,8
,1'
,+9
,r1
ErorltY
ln 8oolrl
,6'
oof,olugIor
t84-,+09
rPPEIDIT
(r)-(rr)
EISITOCB.IIEI
(r)-(rv)
--gQgr..r-.r
rABrES
pett
1 I.rngthc of Rcsldcnce end bployrrat
of l,trort Hourchold Hcrdr et 8o Oro
2 Populetlon end Begldentlrl 0rorth
of fc Oro
, f8o-Scr Dlrtrlbutlong l,leorl Houroholdr
4 Areea of 0rlgln I Adulta ln the l{eorl
Hougoholdg
5 Loerltler of orlgln of f,orthrend lleorls
rt !c Oro on Gounty Brelr
6 Rcletlvc Dlatanoc of, Entgmnt Iroorlttlcr
(f,orthlend) fron tc 0ro
T lrlbrl Aff llletlong I lrlrort Hourchold
Hredr rnd Ulver
I Rcllgtonr Afflllettonr of l.trort
Houachold Hcedr
9 Agc-rtnreturf of f,tort tlouschotd Hrrdr
10 Oosuprtlonr of ltrougchold llceda et
te 0ro (tuty 196r)
11
f,ulbrrs of Pelehe end lleorl Blproyfrr rn
the Four Occuprtlonel Orrdcs ln tbc
Preczlng Uorks (195r)
12 Inoone Conpulson of tc Oro Hrorl
Hourchold Hcrdr (19e2-6rl
i9
60
61
62
6,
Od
?O
?1
g,
9l
utth f,etlontl
Prrccntegot of l{eorl rnd ron-lltorl
Household Herdr (1956)
1,
,1
ge
Conperlron by Pcrcentrgcr of thr Elrc
of !c 0ro l,leorl Hougcholdr (n-l2l )
ulth rll-trcy Srelrnd f,on-lhorl
lleorl Houreholde
rnd
1Zt
Pr;r
,
1+
Qorgorltlon et !l Oro troln Eourboldr
It
fln Aocrltloar tn !r
16
Eoutrholdr
Oro f,rorl
,
]26
1,
l8C:.,,
a'.'.
Brlrtloarhllrr of Arlsptttt/tostrr
hnntr to Ghlldnn t trlrn la I by
ud tglru out I frol !r O$g ltrort
Houmhsldr
1T
Dirtrabutton of 0rorn Wr Ghlldrlll
!r
Oro
f,mrt
Eonroboldr
-l
---gQg*-
L'
TICUBEE
Dol1or1ne
Drt
1
Iorthlend &wtng T trorthrra Oountttr
2
Dooettoa of !r Oro tn Brlrtlon to Eolr
Bnral Xeorl. Ocntrcr (cr XndLortrlt by
t'hc Dlrtrltnrtlon sf l$rug-hrtlng
Eourcr) anA lora Oentrcr
,
!c 0ro (.ruly
+
lgr
'E
,9
1965)
and 8rr Dlrtrd,button
Eourcbol.b) 196,
20
(fet Ieorl
50
Prlche anil leorl Bnploy.cr la Dlffcront
Cetrgorlor of ilobr ln tlne lrocrlng f,orlr
(1e6r)
An g'rDlc
at !c 0ro
E8
of Inter-relatlonrhtpr
1T'
lnotlrrr ErenDh of lreoreblo Iltnlr
Bctrcrn turrcholOa looetod gt !l
Oro
1T'
I
f,la-ltntsr ln r trltrr1 Ald Oroup
190
9
Eln_lt''h ln a *\rnd_r.algr_t Ooutttm
19+
PREFACE
ths roscarch on uhloh thlr tbralr tr brscd ytr
undcrteken rnd the tnltlel dreft of thc thcrlr
conploted vhcn I ylr r Ph, D. rtudcnt ta thr Daprrtncut
of Anthropoloty; Unlveratty of Aucklrad, f,ru Zrrlend
bctuccn llry 1962 and Fcbnrery 1965. Ihr flnel
subntrglon of thc thcrlg hle bcsn aorcuhrt deltycd by
!y rcturn to Iadle ln Fobrr.rary 1965. Gcrtrln ohrngct
nuet heve trha pleec ln thc ovorrll lleort slturtten
rnd ln thc ooDEunlty dcgcrtbcd ln thtr rtudy durlng
tho lert tuo y.rn. But ln thc folloylng chrptcrr r
thc neteriel 1; prarcnted relnly tn the I othnogrrpbto
prcscnt tcnlo t. fhc nlre of tbc Gotnunlty rnd tht
nlDG! of pononr dcacrlbcd ln tblg therlr hrve bmn
ohrngcd to prororyr thstr srronynlty.
I hed tbc opportunlty of dlrcutrlng !y mtcrlrl
vlth ths Auollrnd rnthropologlrtr ln r totel of thnr
asrlnur (tuo of thcee durlng thc courss of thc fbld
uorh) enil thclr crlttclars rnd luggGrtlonr hevc hrlprd
DG
l grcrt dcel.
I ovr a dccp aonac of gntltudo to ry thoslr
superylsor Dr Ralph Plddlngton, Profolror of
et thc unlveratty of Auarlrnd, for htr
toechlDttr 6uldencc ln fleld yorr, suporvtrton ln
vrltlng the retcrlel rnd for hlr tolcrent
undcratendtng of EJr neny probleua rnd dlfflcuLtler.
I lr lndrbtcd to Dr Enrcc Elggr rnd Dr Rrrph Bulmr
of tho Anthropology Depertncnt, luoLlrn0 Uatvcrrltyr
for thclr krcn and constant lntcnat ln !y uorl. I lr
rlro lndcbted to Dr Joen t'lctgo for hcr uerful rdvlet
,throughout ry pcrlod of regerrch tn f,ry iorrend.
Irly tbenkg are duc to Dr llurrey orover end
Dr Jcreny Boorett for thclr ruggcrtloarr Hr pctcr
Ruuerr for blr Drny actr of Go-opcretton rbd hrrp,
llr Hethcu lrHeu for lntroduclng lo to tbc pcoplc tn
thc fleld on ry flrat vlclt end Hr Eur prtrre for
Anthroporogy
proprrtng ths flgurer.
r eeknovrcdgc vith thrnkr tbc hcrp fror rrny
offtclrlr of, thc Depertnoat of lteorl Affrlrr.
r thenr tho unlvcratty Gnntr conlttco of
Xar Serlrnd for offcrlng DG I @rnonutrl.th geholurhlp
end reltng lt porslblc for Dc to uadcrtrrr thlr yort
ln f,cu Zeeland.
In Oeuhrti, Indtnr EI thenkr erc duc to ry
colreegucr Profs;ror ll. c.0orrul , Dr B.ll.Djl nnd
l{n
P.B. Dar
of thr
Depertrent
of lnthropology,
untvcrelty r rnd to llr H.il. Drttar Dr ll. trhor,
0eubetl
J.f,.Srrrtl for btlplng lr ln
nny ulys ln thc flnrl proprntlon of thr thrgla.
r thanL llr B.E,trrth for typlng tho rlnurcrlpt. It 1r
ncrdlerr to rdd thet I l! rlonc fully nrrponrtble for
all tha Ylcug crprGreed end for thr shsrtoortngr thlr
thorlr rlght poEBrsE.
lbovo rll r I el deoply lndcbtod to thr pcoph
tn thr flcl,d. Ulthout thelr Go-opGretlon rnd
ulrltngnGsr to rcedlly eccept la lnquleltlvc etrrngm
enongrt thsnr lt uould hevc brcn trpotrtblc for lo ts
corplete thlr uork. It ts lndecd lronlcrl tbrt rftrr
rnJoylng thalr uer! frlendahlp rnd borpttrllty for
onG ycer, f eD unrblo to rcntlon rnt one of tbrr by
nr!f. I feol thrt ryr reapcet rnd gntttudc fsr thu
1r rhovn bottcr by Brorcl{rlng tholr rnonlrnttt.
Dr tl'S.Prrbhrler rnd l{r
Dcpertrcnt of Aathropology
0euhetl Unlvarslty,
Aseel, fndlr.
2, itrenuuy 1967
r
Annrdr Chrrm Bhqrbrtl