Safe Breath Rinse

Safe
Breath
Rinse
To eliminate
and prevent
bad breath
Bad breath – a very
common problem
Bad breath (halitosis) has been a problem since time
immemorial. Home remedies recommended 2,000
years ago are very similar to the advice given for
bad breath today: rest, drink plenty of water and eat
parsley.
The most common misconception about bad breath
is that it originates in the stomach, but in fact it almost
always arises in the oral cavity.
Bad breath affects men and women of all ages.
There is no precise figure on how common it is, but
studies show that up to 50 per cent of people have
problems.1,2,3 Patients who suffer from periodontitis
generally have bad breath.4
Bad breath may have social consequences and
sometimes affected individuals become socially
withdrawn.
The most common type of bad breath is referred
to as endogenous. The type of bad breath that is due
to external factors is called exogenous and can be
caused by eating foods such as garlic.
What is the cause?
Endogenous bad breath is usually caused by growth of certain
bacteria in the oral cavity.
The bacteria break down food particles into malodorous gaseous
sulphur compounds, which are then perceived as bad breath. The
bacteria in the mouth are found between teeth and in the gum pockets,
as well as in the pits on the back of the tongue. Since all people harbour
these bacteria in the mouth, everyone is susceptible to bad breath.
Dental causes of
endogenous bad breath
In almost 90 per cent of cases, bad breath originates in the
mouth. The causes may be:
•Poor oral hygiene
•Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth)
•Oral cavity surgery
•Dry mouth (xerostomia) due to little or no saliva in the oral cavity.
Saliva has a protective function and helps to cleanse the mouth.
Saliva also has an anti-bacterial function. Lower saliva production is
associated with more bacterial growth, which in turn may cause bad
breath.
•Stress, because the secretion of saliva decreases in stressful
situations, often resulting in dry mouth.
•Morning breath that develops during the night, especially in mouth
breathers, due to decreased saliva flow and increased bacterial flora.
Morning breath affects virtually everyone.
•Periodontitis. Scientific studies show that 40 per cent of all adults
have some degree of periodontal disease and that 10 per cent have
severe periodontal disease. Periodontitis is the primary reason
why many elderly people have no teeth. About 20 per cent of the
population is affected by this infectious disease that may cause bad
breath.4 A warning sign of periodontitis can be constant bad breath
and/or a bad taste in the mouth.
Other causes
In about 10 per cent of cases, endogenous bad breath has
other causes, such as:
• High-protein diet. When protein begins to break down in the
mouth, it may cause bad breath.
•Dieting, choice of foods
•Drugs or medications. Caused by the drug or medicine, or by
degradation products; drugs and medicines can also cause dry
mouth.
•Certain systemic diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes.
Bad breath = VSC
Bacteria in the mouth produce malodourous sulphur gases
that cause bad breath.
The bacteria in the mouth are found between teeth and in the gum
pockets, as well as in the pits on the back of the tongue.
Every mouth harbours such bacteria; which means everyone is
susceptible to bad breath. These gases can also directly damage
surrounding tissue and thus participate in the periodontitis process.5
The sulphur compounds are called Volatile Sulphur Compounds
(VSCs). Bad breath is largely due to VSCs in air exhaled from the oral
cavity.
Since bad breath comes from bacteria in the mouth, general oral
hygiene and dental cleaning play a major role in preventing odours.
Bad breath has long been dismissed as something natural that
people just have to accept. Previously, no good products were
available, other than basic dental cleaning. Most types of mouthwash
available today mask or perfume bad breath and do not affect all
VSC components. Tongue scrapers may have some effect, but it is
short-lived because the bacteria on the tongue frequently divide and
continuously generate new VSCs.
Bad breath is a complex process that can be affected by hormonal
differences such as pregnancy, menstruation and menopause.
What process leads
to VSC formation?
Sulphurous gases known as VSCs are formed when food
particles in the mouth break down into amino acids.
The amino acids that constitute the principal substrate for VSC
production are cysteine and methionine, which can be found in large
quantities among those who eat a high-protein diet, and/or dairy
products.
The bacteria are equipped with enzymes to break down these amino
acids. The enzymes are called cysteine desulphydrase and methionine
desulphydrase. The result is sulphur-containing gases, VSCs, which
consist of the gases hydrogen sulphide H2S, methyl mercaptan
CH3SH and dimethyl sulphide (CH3) 2SH.
Methyl mercaptan is the VSC component with the worst odour,
even in very small quantities, and is therefore the primary target for
elimination.
Food particles
Blood
Proteins
(Cell breakdown)
Amino acids
Cysteine
Methionine
Diet
Oral hygiene
Saliva
Bacteria
Enzymes
Cysteine desulphydrase
Methionine desulphydrase
Lungs
VSC
Methyl mercaptan – harmful,
malodourous, and elusive
Methyl mercaptan is the VSC component with the worst odour, even
in very small quantities. It is now established that there is a correlation
between VSCs and periodontitis. Elevated levels of VSCs can be
found in deep gum pockets. Patients with gum pockets more often
have elevated levels of VSCs.8
Methyl mercaptan is an elusive gas. Studies often measure only
hydrogen sulphide to detect VSCs. Detection of trace quantities of
methyl mercaptan requires a specially designed gas chromatograph.
Zinc is effective against hydrogen sulphide, but less so against methyl
mercaptan, a more aggressive substance that is more difficult to
neutralise than hydrogen sulphide.
CB12 prevents
bad breath
CB12 is a patented product
that neutralises and prevents the
formation of the substances that
cause bad breath. The active
ingredients in CB12, zinc and
chlorhexidine, eliminate VSCs
from exhaled air.
Combats
VSCs using
zinc acetate...
Zinc acetate is the form of
zinc that fights VSC best.6
Specifically, zinc binds hydrogen
sulphide. Zinc ions in a solution
interact with sulphur to form
odourless insoluble sulphides.
Zinc by itself eliminates the
hydrogen sulphide, but is less
effective for methyl mercaptan
and dimethyl sulphide, which is
why chlorhexidine is needed.
…and chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine breaks down gases containing sulphur molecules,
which makes it easier for zinc to react with sulphur so that insoluble
sulphides form. In the case of methyl mercaptan, sulphur is so tightly
bound that zinc alone is unable to bind the sulphur. However, the
addition of chlorhexidine breaks down methyl mercaptan and dimethyl
sulphide, allowing the zinc to bind and form odourless insoluble
sulphides.
Chlorhexidine also has the unique ability to adhere to the oral
mucosa, tongue and teeth, thereby providing a long-lasting effect.
The combination of zinc
and chlorhexidine in CB12
The result is a better and more lasting effect on bad breath. The
combination of zinc and chlorhexidine works much better together
than either alone. This also means that the active ingredients in CB12
can be added and are effective at very low concentrations.6,7 Thanks to
the optimal low concentrations of chlorhexidine and zinc acetate, users
avoid discolouration of teeth otherwise associated with long-term use
of chlorhexidine, as well as problems with bad taste in the mouth
associated with high zinc concentrations.
CB12 is a safe breath rinse developed according to scientific
methods using a specially developed gas chromatograph.6,7
Provides 12-hour protection
CB12’s long-lasting effect on bad breath is due to chemical binding
of CB12 to the oral mucosa, teeth and tongue. CB12 has been
developed and its effect evaluated and documented using a specially
designed gas chromatograph, only a few of which are available worldwide.
CB12 is probably also effective against certain types of exogenous
(externally added) bad breath, though this has not yet been scientifically
documented.
The effect of CB12 is immediate.
Contains fluoride
Many people like to rinse with CB12 directly after brushing their teeth,
which is why we have added 0.05 per cent sodium fluoride as a
preventive measure.
How is CB12 used?
Gargle and rinse your mouth with 10 ml of CB12 for ½-1 minute, then spit
it out. Since CB12 is long-acting you can rinse your mouth once a day for
12 hours of effectiveness, or in the morning and in the evening for 24-hour
protection.
References
1. Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. Journal of periodon­-
tology (1977) 48:13-20.
2. Quuirynen M. Management of oral malodour. J Clin Periodontol (2003) 30 (Suppl. 5) 17-18.
3. Wåler S.M, Jonski G, Young A, Rölla G. Halitosis – nytt om diagnostikk og behand-
ling. Odontologi (2001).
4. Hugosson A, Norderyd O, Slotte C, Thorstensson H. Distribution of periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population 1973, 1983 and 1993. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25: 542-548.
5. Johansson B. Bad breath. Prevalence, periodontal disease, microflora and inflam-
matory markers. (2005).
6. Thrane PS, Young A, Jonski G, Rölla G. A new mouthrinse combining zinc and chlor-
hexidine in low concentrations provide superior efficacy against halitosis compared to existing formulations: a double blind clinical study. J Clin Dent 2007; 18 (3): 82-87.
7. Young A, Jonski G, Rölla G. Combined effect of Zinc ions and cationic antibacterial
agents on intraoral volatile sulphur com
pounds (VSC). International Dental Journal (2003) 53: 237-242.
8. Ratcliff PA, Johnson PW. The relation-
ship between oral malodor ginivitis and
periodontitis. A review. J Periodontol (1999) 70:485-489.
9. Thrane PS, Jonski G, Young A, Rölla G. Zn and CHX mouthwash effective against VSCs responsible for halitosis for up to 12 hours. Dental Health (2009) 48:2-6.
10.Saad S, Greenman J, Shaw H. Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodour. Oral Diseases (2011) 17:180-186.