Snout-beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) from the Ocna Mureş

Snout-beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) from the Ocna Mureş

Bul.inf. Soc.lepid.rom., 20: 71-94, 2009ISSN 1842 - 2144
Snout-beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) from the Ocna
Mureş city area (Romania)
Lucian Alexandru Teodor & Dragomir Cosmin David
Summary
We recorded 80 species belonging to 51 genera, 10 subfamilies and 4 families of Curculionoidea in the studied area (tab. 1).
We have reported the rare species Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schltz.
again in the area and also reported the presence of the Romanian
endemic and rare subspecies Plinthus squalidus elekesi (Ormay).
The Palearctic spread species were predominant, followed by the
Eurosiberian, European-western and central Asian, and European
ones. Dominant species was Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.), which
also had the greatest abundance in pastures and in willow riverine
forests. Taeniapion urticarium (Hbst.) and Parethelcus pollinarius
(Forst.) were codominant. The highest snout-beetles biodiversity
was reported in the Banţa Hill pasture (0.671), followed by Ocna
Mureş willow riverine forest (0.666). Uioara de Jos pasture has the
lowest biodiversity index value (0.251).
Keywords: snout-beetles, Ocna Mureş area, faunistical studies, zoogeografy, ecology, Romania
Introduction
One of the areas in Romania where almost no investigations regarding
the Curculionoidea fauna have been made is Ocna Mureş. Only the species
Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze, 1903 (Petri 1925/’26) has been reported in
the area, until present.
Ocna Mureş city (265 m altitudie above sea level) is situated in the central part of Romania, north-east of Alba district (58 km from Alba Iulia), on
the left bank of the Mures river middle course, in the hill zone of the Subcarpathians, between the Transylvanian Plain and Târnavelor Plateau, 46º23′53″
degrees north latitude and 23º51′22″ east longitude from Greenwich.
In the western side the city is bordered by the meadows of the AlbaIulia-Turda passage, while the northern border of the city is represented by the
anfractuosities of the Mureş Valley. The south-western boundary is limited
by the Ciunga Hills (Nejoapa Hill) and in the southern part by the Banţa Hill.
71
Ocna Mureş is the neighbouring city of: Noşlac (to the north-east),
Silivaş (to the south), Cisteiul de Mureş (to the west), Unirea (to the northwest) and Războieni-Cetate (to the north).
In 1933 Uioara de Jos (Ciunga) situated at about 1 km south-west of
Ocna Mureş and Uioara de Sus, at aproximately 500 m, on a terrace of a 50 m
hillock, joined the city of Ocna Mureş.
Matherial and methods
The biological matherial has been sampled from the Ocna Mureş area
between 2004-2006, by sweeping the vegetation with the aid of entomological nets and through direct collecting from the host plant. Other samplings
involved shaking the top of the trees and shrubs and gatherig the matherial
using the umbrella net.
The species identification has been done in the laboratory using the binocular magnifier along with specific references (Endrödi 1963, Dieckmann
1988, Freude, Harde & Lohse 1981, 1983, Colonnelli 1994, Behne 1994,
1998). Determination of the species has been made based upon specific morphological characters as well as by studing the male genitalia.
We have calculated and used the following ecological indices: relative
abundance, dominance, ecological diversity index and evenness. The Palaeontological Statistics (PAST `94) programme was used in order to calculate
these indices.
For sampling the biological matherial 8 stations (fig. 1) which are comprised in 6 types of habitats have been chosen: mixed coniferous and deciduous forest, willow riverine forest, forest gap, pasture, wet meadow and ruderal
vegetation.
Description of the sampling stations (fig. 1):
1. Mixed coniferous and deciduous forest – on the Banţa hill - Ocna
Mureş, characterised by the presence of scots pine (planted) (Pinus
sylvestris) as a dominant species mixed with norway spruce (Picea
abies), oak (Quercus sp.) and european beech (Fagus sylvatica). The
arbustiv layer is less represented, being edified by common hawthorn
(Prunus spinosa), dog rose (Rosa canina) etc.
2. Forest gap - Ocna Mureş - characterised by the presence of shrubs
which replace the trees that have been chopped down and by the presence of some ruderal herbal species. In this way, shrubs of danewort
(Sambucus ebulus), dog rose (Rosa canina), common hawthorn (Prunus spinosa) and species of Arctium, Taraxacum, Urtica appear.
3. Willow riverine forest from Ocna Mureş, situated along of the river
Mureş Valley on the water banks. The dominant species of this ecosystem is the willow tree (Salix alba) followed by the white poplar
(Populus alba). The grass-layer is represented by genus Urtica, Mentha, Phragmites, etc.
72
4. Pasture - Banţa Hill – Ocna Mureş – characterised by the presence of
thermophile vegetation out of which the next species are very common: Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Alopecurus pratensis, Leontodon autumnalis, Euphorbia cyparissias, Anthriscus sylvestris and
others.
5. Pasture – located in the Uioara de Sus village, it is represented by
melliferous and fodder plants of economic importance.
6. Pasture – located in the Uioara de Jos (Ciunga) village, has a floristic
composition that resembles the one in the Uioara de Sus village.
7. Wet meadow, Ocna Mureş – it is characteristic for the wet zones
and in consequence there are many higrophile and mezo-higrophile
species. These species show an affinity for a relatively high humidity.
The dominant species are the common reed (Phragmytes australis)
and bulrush (Typha latifolia), alongside the yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus), sedges (Carex sp.), marsh-marigold (Caltha laeta), and others.
8. Ruderal vegetation, Ocna Mureş – located near the country roads
gives a proper habitat for ruderal species that succeed to endure the
harsh conditions (high degree of xerophytism, soil very poor in minerals).
Fig. 1. Distribution of sampling stations: 1. mixed coniferous and deciduous forest (Banţa Hill – Ocna Mureş), 2. forest gap (Ocna Mureş), 3. willow riverine
forest (Ocna Mureş), 4. Banţa Hill pasture (Ocna Mureş), 5. pasture (Uioara de
Sus), 6. pasture (Uioara de Jos) 7. wet meadow (Ocna Mureş), 8. ruderal vegetation (Ocna Mureş).
73
Results and disscutions
A number of 563 individuals, which belong to 80 species from 51
genera, 10 subfamilies and 4 families of Curculionoidea (tab. 1, fig. 2, 3) have
been collected.
From the total of 80 identified species, 79 are at their first report in
the investigated area and the rare species Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schltz. has
been reported again in Ocna Mureş.
According to the number of species, the most represented subfamilies
were Entiminae (26 species), Apioninae (21 species), Curculioninae (13 species), while the least represented ones were the subfamilies Baridinae, Hyperinae, Nanophyinae şi Rhynchitinae (fig. 2).
In the investigated zone, the Curculionoidea species have been differently assigned to the families, ascertaining that the Curculionidae family have
the most representants regarding the number of species (72%). The next family is Apionidae (26% species), followed by the Nanophyidae and Rhynchitidae families, each with 1% (fig. 3).
Table 1
The snout-beetles identified in Ocna Mureş area during 2004-2006,
faunistical, ecological and zoogeografical data
Abreviations:
n= number of individuals/sampling station, rs = rare species, St = sampling
stations 1-8 (see matherial and methods).
Ecological indices: A%= relative abundance, D%= dominance.
Distribution in Romania: Bn=Banat, Cr=Crişana, Db=Dobrogea,
M=Moldavia,
Mm=Maramureş,
Mt=Muntenia,
Ot=Oltenia,
Tr=Transylvania (bibliographical data prezented in: Vlad-Antonie & Teodor 2000, Teodor & Vlad-Antonie 2007).
General distribution: c-euro = central European species; c, e, euro = central
and eastern European species; euro = European species; euras = Eurasian
species; eurosib = Eurosiberian species; euro-w-c-as = European, western and central Asian species; hol = Holarctic spread species; n-med =
northern Mediterranean species; pal = Palearctic spread species; Ro = Romanian endemic subpecies; s-e c-euro = south-eastern and central European species; w-pal = western Palearctic spread species s-pal = southern
Palearctic spread species (for general distribution of species we used different bibliographical data: Endrödi 1963, Dieckmann 1980, 1983, 1986,
1988, Freude, Harde & Lohse 1981, 1983, Colonnelli 1994, Behne 1994,
1998, Knutelski 2005).
74
75
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
16.V.2004
18.VIII.2004
19.IX.2006
18.VIII.2004
19.VII.2004
Ceratapion (Acanephodus) onopordi (Kirby, 1808)
Ceratapion (Echinostroma) scalptum Mulsant &
6.VIII.2004
Rey, 1859
20.V.2006
13.VIII.2004
Aspidapion (s. str.) validum (Germar, 1817)
Omphalapion hookeri (Kirby, 1808)
Ceratapiini
1
1
2
n
23.IV.2005
15.VIII.2005
18.VIII.2004
Date
Aspidapion (s. str.) radiolus (Marsham, 1802)
Aspidapiini
Perapion (s. str.) violaceum (Kirby, 1808)
Aplemonini
Apion frumentarium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Curculionoidea
Apionidae
Apioninae
Apionini
Taxa
4
7
1
2
5
2
2
6
6
3
2
St
2.857
2.439
3.333
1.234
4.081
0.413
2.469
0.413
6.25
2.469
A%
0.355
0.177
0.532
0.532
0.177
0.177
0.355
D%
Tr, Mm, Bn,
M, Mt
Tr, Bn
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt, Db
Tr, Bn, Mt,
Db
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
pal
euro-w-c-as
euro-w-c-as
euro-w-c-as
pal
pal
pal
Tr, Mm, M,
Mt, Db, Bn
Tr, Bn, Ot,
Mt, M, Db
General
distribution
Distribution
in Romania
76
2
1
2
7
4
6.VIII.2004
15.VIII.2005
19.VII.2004
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
Catapion seniculus (Kirby, 1808)
1
1
3
1
1
6
19.VII.2004
20.V.2006
Hemitrichapion (Dimesomyops) pavidum (Germar,
19.VII.2004
1817)
22.IV.2006
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
Eutrichapion (s. str.) viciae (Paykul, 1800)
Oxystomatina
Oxystomatini
Catapiina
Catapion jaffense (Desbrochers des Loges, 1896)
18
12
1
2
5
4
n
6.VIII.2004
18.VIII.2004
15.VIII.2005
20.V.2006
23.IV.2005
22.IV.2006
Date
Taeniapion urticarium (Herbst, 1784)
Exapiini
Taxa
4
5
6
7
8
5
3
5
7
8
1
1
2
3
4
6
6
St
2.857
6.122
0.413
2.439
8.695
2.040
6.25
4.081
17.07
5.797
6.666
3.718
60
14.81
6.25
5.714
A%
Tr, Ot, Mt,
M, Db
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt
2.131
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Tr
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
0.177
2.486
0.355
7.460
D%
pal
pal
pal
n-med
euro-w-c-as
General
distribution
77
1
2
2
3
1
6
20.V.2006
18.VIII.2004
20.V.2006
22.IV.2006
19.IX.2006
19.VII.2005
Protapion filirostre ( Kirby, 1808)
Protapion fulvipes (Fourcroy, 1785)
2
2
3
2
1
10
6.VIII.2004
18.VIII.2004
20.V.2006
19.VII.2004
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
Protapion apricans (Herbst, 1797)
Piezotrachelini
19.VII.2004
Stenopterapion tenue (Kirby, 1808)
1
1
22.IV.2006
Ischnopterapion (s. str.) loti (Kirby, 1808)
1
n
1
19.VII.2004
Date
Ischnopterapion (s. str.) aeneomicans (Wencker,
15.VIII.2005
1864)
Synapiina
Holotrichapion (s. str.) ononis (Kirby, 1808)
Taxa
2
4
6
6
8
4
1
2
4
5
7
8
5
6
3
5
St
8.695
1.652
2.469
5.714
2.857
6.666
2.469
8.571
4.081
2.439
14.49
2.040
0.413
6.25
2.040
A%
2.486
0.177
3.552
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
D%
pal
eurosib
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt, Db
Tr, Mm, M, ,
Bn, Ot, Mt
Db
pal
pal
pal
w-pal
pal
General
distribution
Tr, Mm, M,
Bn, Ot, Mt,
Db
Tr, Bn, Ot,
Db
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt, Db
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
78
1
22.IV.2006
20.V.2006
20.V.2006
20.V.2006
Ceutorhynchus floralis (Paykull, 1792)
Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze, 1903 rs
Coeliastes lamii (Fabricius, 1792)
2
1
2
1
20.V.2006
Ceutorhynchus erysimi (Fabricius, 1787)
Ceutorhynchinae
Ceutorhynchini
Baris artemisie (Herbst, 1795)
3
1
4
1
1
1
2
18.VIII.2004
15.VIII.2005
20.V.2006
19.VII.2005
20.V.2006
n
Date
16.V.2004
16.IV.2004
Curculionidae
Baridinae
Baridini
Baridina
Pseudoprotapion elegantulum (Germar, 1818)
Protapion trifolii (Linnaeus, 1768)
Taxa
4
4
1
6
4
2
7
4
2
3
4
8
St
5.714
2.857
6.666
0.413
2.857
3.703
2.439
11.42
1.234
6.25
2.857
2.898
A%
0.355
0.177
0.355
0.355
0.710
0.710
0.888
D%
euro-w-c-as
w-pal
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt
pal
hol
Tr, M, Mt
Tr, Mm, Cr,
Bn, Ot, Mt,
M, Db
Tr, Bn, Cr,
M, Mt, Db
eurosib
pal
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt, Db
Tr, Bn, Cr,
M, Mt, Db
pal
General
distribution
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
79
23.IV.2005
20.V.2006
Anthonomus (Furcipus) rectirostris (Linnaeus, 1758)
31.VIII.2005
Anthonomus (s. str.) rubi (Herbst, 1795)
Curculioninae
Anthonomini
Pelenomus comari (Herbst, 1795)
Phytobiini
19.VII.2005
Trichosirocalus troglodytes (Fabricius, 1787)
1
1
1
2
1
4
8
10
5
4
101
88
6
20
6
6.VIII.2004
16.V.2004
18.VIII.2004
15.VIII.2005
20.V.2006
23.IV.2005
22.IV.2006
19.VII.2005
23.IV.2005
22.IV.2006
16.IV.2004
n
Date
Thamiocolus viduatus (Gyllenhal, 1837)
Parethelcus pollinarius (Forster, 1771)
Nedyus quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxa
4
6
5
8
7
1
2
2
3
4
6
6
8
6
6
St
2.857
0.413
2.040
2.898
2.439
2.898
10.74
78.09
31.25
11.42
22.316
13.33
A%
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.355
0.177
4.61
40.14
D%
Tr, Mm, Cr,
Bn, Ot, Mt,
M
Tr, M, Mt,
Cr, Bn
eurosib
pal
euras
pal
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt
Tr, M, Ot, Mt
euro
w-pal
eurosib
General
distribution
Tr, M, BN
Tr, M, Cr, Bn
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt,
Db
Distribution
in Romania
80
1
1
20.V.2006
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2004
Tychius picirostris (Fabricius, 1787)
Tychius quinquepunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
1
1
19.VII.2005
Tychius aureolus Kiesenwetter, 1851
1
1
19.VII.2005
20.V.2006
1
1
1
n
Sibinia viscariae (Linnaeus, 1761)
Tychiini
Tychiina
Smycronyx (s. str.) jungermanniae (Reich, 1797)
Smicronychini
Isochnus populicola (Silfverberg, 1977)
16.V.2004
13.VIII.2004
Rhinusa tetra (Fabricius, 1792)
Rhamphini
Rhamphina
20.V.2006
Date
Gymnetron labile (Herbst, 1795)
Mecinini
Taxa
5
4
7
8
8
4
2
7
4
St
2.040
2.857
2.439
1.449
1.449
2.857
1.234
2.439
2.857
A%
0.177
0.355
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
D%
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Db
Tr, Bn, Cr,
M, Db
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Tr, Bn, Cr,
M, Mt, Db,
Tr, Mm, Bn,
Ot, Mt, M,
Db
euras
hol
euro-w-c-as
eurosib
pal
eurosib
eurosib
Tr, M, Mt,
Ot, Db, Cr,
Bn, Mm
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt
euro
General
distribution
Tr, Bn, Cr, M
Distribution
in Romania
81
Phyllobius (Metaphyllobius) pomaceus (Gyllenhal,
1834)
16.V.2004
20.V.2006
Dodecastichus geniculatus (Germar, 1817)
Phyllobiini
16.IV.2004
7-11.IV.
2004
Otiorhynchini
Otiorhynchus (Cryphiphorus) ligustici (Linnaeus,
1758)
Otiorhynchus (Paracryphiphorus)
orbicularis (Herbst, 1795)
16.V.2004
Graptus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Entiminae
Alophini
12
1
1
2
2
1
6
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
Tychius stephensi Schönherr, 1836
1
Tychius medicaginis Ch. Brisout de Barneville, 1862 19.VII.2005
n
1
Date
19.VII.2005
Tychius junceus (Reich, 1797)
Taxa
2
4
7
2
2
7
8
8
8
St
14.81
2.857
2.439
2.469
2.469
2.439
2.898
1.449
1.449
A%
2.131
0.177
0.177
0.355
0.355
1.243
0.177
0.177
D%
n-med
s-e, c-euro
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt
Tr, Cr, Bn,
Ot, M
c-euro
hol
euro
Tr, Bn, Mt
Tr, Cr, Bn, Ot
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
hol
euro-w-c-as
Tr, M, Mt,
Db, Cr
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
w-pal
General
distribution
Tr, Cr, M,
Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
82
16.V.2004
Phyllobius (s. str.) vespertinus (Fabricius, 1792)
Foucartia liturata (Stierlin, 1884)
Eusomus ovulum (Germar, 1824)
1
1
1
2
16.V.2004
20.V.2006
19.VII.2005
13.VIII.2004
4
1
1
16.V.2004
16.IV.2004
Liophloeus (s. str.) tessulatus (O.F.Muller, 1776)
Liophloeus (Liophloeodes) liptoviensis (J. Weise,
1894)
Sciaphilini
16.V.2004
Polydrusus (Eustolus) pterygomalis (Boheman,
1840)
Polydrusini
6
1
5
3
16.IV.2005
23.IV.2005
22.IV.2006
16.IV.2004
Phyllobius (s. str.) pyri (Linnaeus, 1758)
1
1
20.V.2006
Phyllobius (s. str.) betulinus (Bechstein & Scharfenberg, 1805)
n
Date
Taxa
7
2
4
8
2
7
2
2
2
6
6
7
4
St
2.439
1.234
2.857
2.898
4.938
2.439
1.234
1.234
7.31
2.479
7.407
2.857
A%
0.177
0.710
0.710
0.177
0.177
0.177
2.664
0.177
D%
Tr, Mm, M
Tr, M, Mt,
Ot, Db, Bn,
Mm
Tr, M, Bn
Tr, Bn, M
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Db
Tr, M, Mm
Tr, M, Ot,
Mt, Cr, Bn
Tr, M, Ot, Cr,
Bn
Distribution
in Romania
c, e, euro
e-sib
c-euro
c-euro
euro
euro
eurosib
n-med
General
distribution
83
19.VII.2004
Sciaphobus (s. str.) caesius (Hampe, 1870)
1
2
1
5
15.VIII.2005
20.V.2006
31.VIII.2005
19.VII.2005
19.VII.2004
Sitona (s. str.) lineatus (Linnaeus,1758)
Sitona (s.str. ) ononidis
Sharp, 1860
3
1
19.VII.2005
Sitona (s. str.) lepidus
Gyllenhal, 1834
Sitona (s. str.) humeralis Stephens, 1831
Sitona (s. str.) hispidulus (Fabricius, 1776)
Sitona (s. str.) cylindricollis (Fabraeus, 1840)
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
n
18.VIII.2004
15.VIII.2005
20.V.2006
31.VIII.2005
31.VIII.2005
22.IV.2006
15.VIII.2005
22.IV.2006
19.VII.2005
19.VII.2004
Sitonini
13.VIII.2004
Date
Paophilus afflatus (Boheman, 1883)
Taxa
5
3
4
5
8
8
2
3
4
5
5
6
3
6
8
5
5
7
St
6.122
6.25
5.714
2.040
7.246
1.449
1.234
12.5
2.857
2.040
6.122
0.413
6.25 0.413
1.449
2.040
4.081
2.439
A%
0.532
1.598
0.355
0.532
0.710
0.888
0.355
0.177
D%
Tr, Mm, Cr,
Bn, Ot, Mt,
M, Db
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt,
Db
Tr, Mm, Bn,
Ot, Mt, M,
Db
pal
hol
hol
pal
pal
Tr, Mm, Bn,
Ot, Mt, M
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt
hol
se, c-euro
s-e, c-euro
General
distribution
Tr, Cr, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Tr, Bn, M,
Mt
Tr, M, Mt,
Bn
Distribution
in Romania
84
3
2
5
1
2
1
1
19.VII.2005
15.VIII.2005
16.V.2004
18.VIII.2004
16.IV.2004
13.VIII.2004
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
Trachyphloeini
Trachyphloeina
Trachyphloeus alternans
Gyllenhall, 1834
Hyperinae
Hyperini
Hypera(s. str.) ononidis
(Chevrolat, 1863)
Tanymecus palliatus (Fabricius, 1787)
Sitona (s. str.) sulcifrons
(Thunnberg, 1789)
Tanymecini
Tanymecina
Chlorophanus viridis viridis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
1
1
2
10
10
2
6.VIII.2004
19.VII.2004
13.VIII.2004
19.VII.2005
31.VIII.2005
Sitona (s. str.) puncticollis Stephens, 1831
n
Date
Taxa
8
7
2
2
7
7
3
8
1
5
7
8
5
St
1.449
2.439
7.31
7.406
12.5
4.347
3.333
4.081
24.39
14.49
4.081
A%
0.177
0.177
1.598
0.355
0.888
4.085
D%
Tr, M, Db
Tr, M, Mt,
Db, Cr, Bn
c-euro
euro
eurosib
euro
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt
Tr, Mm, Cr,
Bn, Ot, Mt,
M, Db
pal
pal
Tr,M, Ot, Cr,
Bn, Mt, Db,
Mm
Tr, Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Mt,
Db
General
distribution
Distribution
in Romania
85
Molytinae
Plinthina
Plinthus squalidus elekesi
(Ormay, 1888) rs
Hylobiini
Hylobiina
Lepyrus capucinus
(Schaller, 1783)
1
1
18.VIII.2004
1
16.IV.2004
16.IV.2004
Cleonis pigra
(Scopoli, 1763)
2
1
16.IV.2004
16.IV.2004
17
2
n
19.VII.2004
19.VII.2004
Date
Bothynoderes affinis
(Schrank, 1781)
= Chromoderus fasciatus (Muller, 1776)
Larinus (Larinomesius)
obtusus Gyllenhal, 1836
Cleonini
Adosomus roridus
(Pallas, 1781)
Larinus (Phyllonomeus)
turbinatus Gyllenhal, 1836
Lixinae
Lixini
Taxa
2
7
7
7
7
5
5
St
1.234
2.439
2.439
4.87
2.439
34.69
4.081
A%
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.355
0.177
3.019
0.355
D%
Romania
euro
Tr, Cr, Bn,
Ot, Mt, M
pal
pal
e-sib
euro-w-c-as
s-pal
General
distribution
Tr, Bn
Tr, M, Ot,
Mt, Db, Bn
Tr, Bn, Ot,
Mt. M, Db
Tr, M
Tr, Mm, Bn,
Ot, Mt, M,
Db
Tr, Bn, Mm,
M, Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
86
Rhynchitidae
Rhynchitinae
Deporaini
Deporaina
Deporaus (s. str.) betulae
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Nanophyes marmoratus
(Goeze, 1777)
Nanophyidae
Nanophyinae
Nanophyini
Taxa
1
1
19.VII.2004
20.V.2006
1
n
20.V.2006
Date
4
5
4
St
2.857
2.040
2.857
A%
0.177
0.355
D%
Tr, Mm, M,
Mt, Db
Tr,Bn, Cr,
Mm, M, Ot,
Mt, Db
Distribution
in Romania
eurosib
eurosib
General
distribution
Fig. 2. Percentage of Curculionoidea subfamilies according to the number of species, in Ocna Mureş area.
Mureş
Species with faunistical importance
Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze, 1903 - rare species
- Collected matherial: 1 ♂, 20.V. 2006 –Banţa forest (station 1) – Ocna
- General distribution: Europe, West and Central Asia
- Other reports from Romania: Transylvania: Ocna Mureş (Petri
1925/26), Arvăţeni (Kocs & Podlussány 1997), Hăşmaş (Teodor, Beldean &
Crişan 1998); Moldavia: Cucuteni and Ruginoasa (Marcu 1947); Muntenia
(Greater Wallachia): Comana (Montandon 1908).
- Biology and ecology: monovoltin and monophagous species. It can
be found on Lepidium draba (= Cardaria draba) and Lepidium campestre,
with its larvae living inside fruits, and the pupa in the soil. The adults of the
new generation emerge in September. They diapause in the adult state and become active in May and June next year (Scherf 1964, Freude, Harde & Lohse
1983, Mazur 2002, Knutelski 2005).
pecies
7)
rare.
Plinthus squalidus elekesi (Ormay, 1888) - Romanian endemic sub- Collected matherial: 1 ♂, 16.IV. 2004 – Uioara de Sus pasture (station
- Distribution: elekesi (Ormay) ssp. is present only in Romania and is
87
Fig. 3. Percentage of Curculionoidea families according to the number of species
in Ocna Mureş area.
- Other reports in Romania: Transylvania: Râmetea, Gherla, Sighişoara,
Braşov (Petri 1912), Detunata, Sacarâmb (Endrödi 1961), Turda Gorges (Teodor 1993); Banat: Reşiţa and Băile Herculane (Endrödi 1961).
- Biology and ecology: there is no data record regarding the biology
and ecology of this subspecies until present (Schäfer 1964; Freude, Harde &
Lohse 1983). Generally Plinthus squalidus Gyllenhal, 1834 has Pinus sylvestris like host plant (Mazur 2002).
Zoogeographic analysis
From a zoogeographical point of view, the Curculionoidea fauna
from Ocna Mureş has a relative diversity (fig. 4, tab. 1). The predominance
of Palearctic spread species (31%) can be observed, followed by the Eurosiberian species (19%) and by the European-western-central Asian species and
European species (both with 10 %). The smallest percentage is represented by
the species with a central-eastern European distribution, southern-Palearctic
distribution and the endemic ones from Romania (all with 1%).
88
Fig. 4. Zoogeographical spectrum of Curculionoidea species from Ocna Mureş
area
Abbreviations: c-euro = central European species; c, e, euro = central and
eastern European species; euro = European species; euras = Eurasian species;
eurosib = Eurosiberian species; euro-w-c-as = European, western and central
Asian species; hol = Holarctic spread species; n-med = northern Mediterranean species; pal = Palearctic spread species; Ro = Romanian endemic subpecies; s-e c-euro = south-eastern and central European species; w-pal = western
Palearctic spread species s-pal = southern Palearctic spread species.
Most of the species have a wider distribution on the territory of Romania (tab. 1), only a few have a limited distribution. Thus, Catapion jaffense
(Desbr.) is found only in Transylvania, Plinthus squalidus elekesi (Ormay)
only in localities from Transylvania and Banat, being a Romanian endemic
subspecies, Ceratapion (Echinostroma) scalptum Muls. & Rey is found only
in Transylvania and Banat and Adosomus roridus (Pall.) can be found in Transylvania and Moldavia (tab. 1).
Data about the ecology of the studied species
Species with the highest abundance (tab. 1) in the investigated stations
were:
1. In mixed coniferous and deciduous forest (Banţa Hill – Ocna
Mureş): Taeniapion urticarium (Hbst.) (60%), Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.) (13.33%).
89
2. In forest gap (Ocna Mureş): Taeniapion urticarium (Hbst.) (14.81%),
Phyllobius (Metaphyllobius) pomaceus (Gyll.) (14.81%), Nedyus
quadrimaculatus (L.) (22.312%).
3. In willow riverine forest (Ocna Mureş), Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.)
(31.25%), Sitona (s. str.) cylindricollis (Fabr.) (12.5%), Tanymecus
palliatus (Fabr.) (12.5%).
4. In Banţa Hill pasture (Ocna Mureş), Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.)
(11.42%), Pseudoprotapion elegantulum (Germ.) (11.42%), Protapion apricans (Hbst.) (8.57%).
5. In pasture (Uioara de Sus), Larinus (Larinomesius) obtusus Gyll.
(34.69%), Hemitrichapion (Dimesomyops) pavidum (Germ.) (6.12%),
Sitona (s. str.) hispidulus (Fabr.) (6.12%), Sitona (s. str.) ononidis
Sharp (6.12%).
6. In pasture (Uioara de Jos), Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.) (78%), Parethelcus pollinarius (Forst.) (10.74%).
7. In wet meadow (Ocna Mureş), Sitona (s. str.) puncticollis Steph.
(24.39%), Catapion seniculus (Kirby) (17.07%).
8. In ruderal vegetation (Ocna Mureş) Protapion apricans (Hbst.)
(14.49%), Sitona (s. str.) puncticollis Steph. (14.49%).
Dominant species in the area was Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.)
(40.14%), and codominant species were Taeniapion urticarium (Hbst.)
(7.46%) and Parethelcus pollinarius (Forst.) (4.61%).
Our reported species have been distributed differently in the research
stations (fig. 5), the highest number of species being present in the forest gap
(24 species), followed by Banţa Hill pasture (23 species) and wet meadow (22
species), due to the high floristic diversity of these ecosystems. The smallest
number of species can be found in mixed coniferous and deciduous forest (6
species). The low number of species from this forest is influenced by the high
soil acidity determined by the dominance of the planted scots pine in the place
of the native deciduous species.
According to Shannon – Wiener ecological diversity index, the greatest biodiversity has been observed in the Banţa Hill pasture (0.671), followed
by the willow riverine forest from Ocna Mureş (0.666). The station with the
lowest value of biodiversity index was the Uioara de Jos pasture (0.251) (tab.
2, fig. 6 ).
There are great differences between the pastures of Ocna Mureş and
Uioara de Sus, where the biodiversity of the snout-beetles is higher and the
pasture from Uioara de Jos where the biodiversity of the snout-beetles is very
low due to intense grazzing. The evenness is also very low in this pasture
(0.363). All the other studied ecosystems have the biodiversity and evenness
indices high or very high (tab. 2), which proves that the Curculionoidea populations from here are very stable.
90
Fig. 5. Numeric distribution of snout-beatle species by sampling stations: 1-8 (see
matherial and methods).
Table 2
Shannon-Wiener (H’) ecological diversity index and evenness index (e)
Sampling stations: 1. mixed coniferous and deciduous forest, 2. forest
gap, 3. willow riverine forest, 4. Banţa Hill pasture (Ocna Mureş), 5. pasture
(Uioara de Sus), 6. pasture (Uioara de Jos) 7. wet meadow, 8. ruderal vegetation
H’
e
1
0.450
0.65
2
0.537
0.775
3
0.666
0.961
4
0.671
0.968
5
0.602
0.868
6
0.251
0.363
7
0.647
0.933
8
0.521
0.752
The biodiversity and evenness of the mixed coniferous and deciduous
forest it is high when compared to the pasture of Uioara de Jos, but it is very
low when compared to the other studied ecosystems.
Because of the planting of scots pine instead of native trees that have
been cut down, the floristical biodiversity of the forest has been depleting,
thus leading to a decrease in the biodiversity of the snout-beetles.
In the forest gap where no scots pine have been planted, the curculionidae biodiversity and evenness are higher.
The gaps resulted from deforestation should be populated with the
native wood species. In this way, the forest ecosystems would be restored and
in consequence, its specific biodiversity.
91
Fig. 6. Representation of Shannon-Wienner and evenness indices (for sampling
stations 1-8 see tab. 2).
Conclusions
A number of 80 species belonging to 51 genera, 10 subfamilies and
4 families of Curculionoidea have been identified. Out of the total 80 species
identified, 79 are at their first report in the investigated area.
We have reported the rare species Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schltz.
again in the area and also reported the presence of the endemic and rare
subspecies Plinthus squalidus elekesi (Ormay). Ecoprotective measures are
necessary in the areas where the first and second species have been reported
(Banţa Hill– Ocna Mureş, respectively Uioara de Sus pasture).
The Palearctic species were predominant, followed by the Eurosiberian, European- western and central Asian, and European ones.
The dominant species was Nedyus quadrimaculatus (L.), which also
had the greatest abundance in pastures and in willow riverine forests. The species Taeniapion urticarium (Hbst.) and Parethelcus pollinarius (Forst.) were
codominant.
The highest number of species was present in the forest gap (24 species), followed by the Banţa Hill pasture (23 species) and wet meadow (22
species), and the lowest number of species was found in mixed coniferous and
deciduous forest (6 species).
The highest curculionidae biodiversity was reported in the Banţa Hill
pasture (0.671), followed by Ocna Mureş willow riverine forest (0.666). Uioara de Jos pasture has the lowest biodiversity index value (0.251).
The mixed coniferous and deciduous forest has a small number of
species (6 species) and its biodiversity index (0.450) and evenness (0.65) quite
92
low due to the presence of scots pine that has been planted here. These results
are in concordance with the bibliografical data which point out the lower diversity of plants, lower Lepidoptera and Carabidae diversity, or of others insect groups, in Pinus plantations (Magura, Tóthmérész & Bordán 2000, van
Wesenbeeck et al 2003, Cremene et al 2005).
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Lucian Alexandru Teodor, Dragomir Cosmin David
“Babeş-Bolyai” University,
Faculty of Biology and Geology,
Department of Taxonomy and Ecology,
Str. Clinicilor 5-7, RO-400006, Cluj-Napoca
[email protected]
[email protected]
received: 28.11.2010
accepted: 2.12.2010
printed: 18.12.2010
94