Konsep Dasar SIG

Matakuliah
Tahun
Prodi
Versi
: GEO 4243 / Sistem Informasi Geografi
: 2012
: Geografi
: 01/revisi 1
Definisi, Karakteristik, Contoh
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi
Geografi (SIG)
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Menjelaskan mengenai konsep dasar,
keunggulan, karakteristik dan contohcontoh aplikasi SIG (C2 , TIK-01)
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
Materi 1 : Definisi SIG
Materi 2 : Keunggulan SIG
Materi 3 : Karakteristik SIG
Materi 4 : Contoh Aplikasi SIG
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Definisi SIG (1)
• Menurut Rhind (1989).
A computer system that can hold and use data
describing places on the Earth’ surfaces.
• Menurut Burrough (1986)
A set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will,
transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real
world for a particular set of purposes.
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Definisi SIG (2)
• Menurut Prof. Jacob Rais (2001)
Sistem Informasi berbasis komputer dengan memakai
data digital berujuk pada lokasi geografis di muka bumi.
• Menurut ESRI ( ESRI White Paper, 2001 )
A computer software that links geographic information
(where things are) with descriptive information (what
things are).
• Lainnya,
Lihat buku referensi. (Eddy Prahasta : “Konsep-konsep
Dasar SIG”, hal.56-57, 2001, dsb.)
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Definisi SIG (3)
Geographic Information Systems
Describing Our World
• We can describe
any element of our
world in two ways:
Location Information:
Where is it?
Attribute Information:
What is it?
Species: Oak
Height: 15m
Age: 75 Yrs
51°N, 112°W
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Definisi SIG (4)
ESRI Canada :
GIS is a system of computer software, hardware and
data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and
present information that is tied to a spatial location.
• Spatial location – usually a geographic location
• Information – visualization of analysis of data
• System – linking software, hardware, data
• Personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to the power of
GIS
GIS : A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze,
and display spatial data
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Definisi SIG (5)
http://www.gis.com :
GIS is a technology that is used to view and analyze data
from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece
of an organization's overall information system
framework.
GIS links location to information (such as people to
addresses, buildings to parcels, or streets within a
network) and layers that information to give you a better
understanding of how it all interrelates. You choose what
layers to combine based on your purpose.
Within a few hours of the destruction of Space Shuttle
Columbia, GIS accurately modeled the shuttle's debris
location and distribution.
(see this image)
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Definisi SIG (6)
Three Views of a GIS (http://www.gis.com)
A GIS is most often associated with maps. A map, however, is
only one of three ways a GIS can be used to work with
geographic information. These three ways are:
1. The Database View: A GIS is a unique kind of database of
the world—a geographic database (geo-database). It is an
"Information System for Geography." Fundamentally, a GIS is
based on a structured database that describes the world in
geographic terms.
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Definisi SIG (7)
Three Views of a GIS (http://www.gis.com)
2. The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other
views that show features and feature relationships on the
earth's surface. Maps of the underlying geographic
information can be constructed and used as "windows into the
database" to support queries, analysis, and editing of the
information. This is called geovisualization.
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Definisi SIG (8)
Three Views of a GIS (http://www.gis.com)
3. The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation
tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing
datasets. These geoprocessing functions take information
from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write
results into new derived datasets.
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Keunggulan SIG (1)
• Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang
bervolume besar
• Kemampuan untuk :
 Mencari detil berdasarkan area atau thema
 Membuat link ke data set lain
 Menganalisa karakteristik spasial dari data
 Melakukan update data dengan cepat & murah
• Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :
Peta, Grafik, Daftar Alamat, Ringkasan data statistik ,
dsb.
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Keunggulan SIG (2)
• Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang
bervolume besar
GIS contains many layers of information:
These are just a few of
the kinds of layers a
GIS can contain:
• Base Map Data
• Elevation
• Surface Geology
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Keunggulan SIG (3)
• Kemampuan untuk membuat link ke data set lain
GIS software links the location
data and the attribute data:
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Keunggulan SIG (4)
• Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial
Attribute Questions:
GIS software can answer
questions about our world:
What provinces have more
than 1.5 million people?
Spatial Questions:
What provinces border
Saskatchewan?
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Keunggulan SIG (5)
• Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial
GIS can analyze data
in many ways:
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Keunggulan SIG (6)
• Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :
Peta, Grafik, Daftar Alamat, Ringkasan data
statistik, dsb.
Data Statistik
1
2
3
4
BPPT
Jl Thamrin No.8
wilayahMerdeka
Kominfo Luas
Jl Medan
Garuda Rata-rata
Jl Medankepadatan
Merdeka
GDP
Sari Pan Jl Thamrin
UMR
230 km
120 org/km
100
760.000
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Karakteristik SIG (1)
• Kombinasi data spasial & non-spasial
YOUR CHOICE:
TABULAR DATA?
State
Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Population (1991)
2,074,297
1,304,800
1,181,680
504,502
OR MAP?
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Karakteristik SIG (2)
• Kemampuan manipulasi data untuk
berbagai aplikasi
• Base Map Data
• Elevation
• Surface Geology
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Environmental
Public Utilities
Agriculture
Marketing
Park Management
Health Care
Real Estate
Emergency
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (2)
• Environmental
• What are
the effects
of Global
Warming?
Land cover and temperature relationships are
made clear when the data are seen at once
using Geotechnology.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (3)
• Public Utilities
• Is it safe to
dig here?
A proposed excavation, identified by
address, is compared to pipelines in the area
using Geotechnology.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (4)
• Agriculture
• How can I
improve food
production?
Geotechnology is used in
making crop management
decisions to maximize yields
and minimize fertilizer input.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (5)
• Marketing
• How can I
optimize my
Marketing
Campaign?
Geotechnology can query a database and
identify only those areas with the highest
household income within a specified distance
of a store.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (6)
• Park Management
• Will the new
building spoil
the Park
Scenery?
Park planners use Geotechnology to
determine if a new Visitor Centre can be seen
from the peak.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (7)
• Health Care
• What
Communities
are at risk
from
Disease?
Geotechnology identifies
communities at risk of River
Blindness and helps determine
the impact of treatment.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (8)
• Real Estate
• Where is
my Dream
Home?
With Geotechnology, an agent can
show a map of a neighborhood and a
picture or video of the actual
properties.
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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (9)
• Emergency
• What is the
fastest route
to the
Hospital?
Geotechnology can choose the
fastest route to a hospital. The
GIS can take into account
traffic and other impediments.
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Penutup
• Mahasiswa diharapkan telah memahami
konsep-konsep dasar SIG, khususnya :
Definisi, Keunggulan, Karakteristik,
Contoh Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografi.
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