Sustainable Energy Storage Solution for Off-grid and

Transcription

Clean energy systems
need clean batteries
Sustainable Energy Storage Solution for Off-grid
and Microgrid Applications
Neal Roche
NABCEP
2016
Agenda
2
+
Company
+
Technology
+
Products
+
Sizing
+
Transportation
+
Installation
+
Electrical Integration
+
Commissioning & Operation
+
Installation pictures
©Aquion Energy, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential
Company
3
Aquion Energy
+ The world’s only manufacturer of clean and
sustainable Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI™)
batteries
+ Spun out of Carnegie Mellon
+ Products are optimal for stationary, long
duration (4+ hr), daily cycling applications
+ Manufactured in Westmoreland, PA
Research into sodium
ion rechargeable
batteries begins
1980’s
+ Headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA
Aquion Energy is founded
and spun out of CMU
2005
2008
15+ MWh (8K+ batteries)
shipped to date
2011
Research conducted at
Carnegie Mellon University
Incremental progress made,
©Aquion Energy,
Inc. Proprietary and Confidential
but no4 significant
advances
First shipments
to customers
Q2 2014
Current generation
of product launched
2015
Technology
5
Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI™) Battery
Aqueous Hybrid Ion
Poly-ionic system: Na+, Li +, and H+ ions all functional in the system
Neutral pH water-based electrolyte
+ STAINLESS STEEL
+ BASE OXIDE
Stainless Steel Current Collector
Manganese Oxide Cathode
+ COTTON
Synthetic Cotton Separator
+ CARBON
Carbon Titanium Phosphate
Composite Anode
+ SALTWATER
Neutral pH Alkali-ion Electrolyte
6
How does it work?
What is Intercalation?
•
A chemical reaction where ions are inserted into a compound with layered or spinel
structure
Anode
Sodium Titanium Phosphate and
Carbon
During charge,
sodium ions
intercalate into the
anode, moving from
the cathode.
7
Cathode
Manganese Dioxide Spinel
In discharge, the
sodium ions leave the
anode and move
intercalate into the
cathode.
Note: Images are representative of the crystal structures used in the anode
and cathode
Products
8
Products: Flexible, Scalable Energy Storage
AHI™ BATTERIES
S-Line Battery Stacks
+ ~ 2 kWh
+ Nominal 48V output
+ Smallest product
increment
M-Line Battery Modules
+ ~ 24 kWh
+ Designed for industrystandard racking
+ Forklift-ready
BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM
AQUION ENGINEERING SUPPORT
+ Monitors current, voltage, temperature, state of
charge
9
+ Compatibility, controls and system sizing
* Stack and module capacities are for 8–battery stacks shipping
today; these capacities will increase in Q4’15 and later quarters
Bulk Energy Storage Configurations
HIGH-DENSITY RACKING
+ Industry-standard racking accommodates M-Line
Battery Modules
+ Scalable for wide range of interior configurations
+ Simple interface
+ Available with several off-the-shelf grid capable
PCS Systems
16 modules
~400 kWh system
~5.3 x 2.4 x 2.5 m
~25 MWh system
~38 x 30 x 5 m
10
CONTAINERIZED SYSTEMS
+ Containerized systems available through
integration partners
+ Accommodates modules, 2 rows high
Integrated Energy Storage Systems
AQUION GLOBAL PARTNERS
+ Partners provide sales, design, integration and installation of full systems including AHI batteries
coupled with typical 3rd party equipment (inverters, controls, solar/wind, gensets, racking, enclosures)
AHI™ INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Residential/Telco Scale
11
C&I or Microgrid Scale
Utility/IPP Scale
Battery Specifications
S-LINE BATTERY STACKS
M-LINE BATTERY MODULES
+ Smallest product increment
+ Eight batteries in series, fused at the
stack level
+ Designed for low cost, performance, and
modularity
+ Twelve S-Line Battery Stacks in
parallel
+ Voltage, current, temperature
sensing optional
+ Optional BMS interface
+ For systems up to 1,000 Vdc
S-LINE STACK OPERATION & PERFORMANCE
M-LINE MODULE OPERATION & PERFORMANCE
Nominal Energy
Up to 2.6 kWh at 20 hour discharge, 30° C
Nominal Energy
Up to 30 kWh at 20 hour discharge, 30° C
Operating Temp Range*
-5 to 40° C
Operating Temp Range*
-5 to 40° C
Round Trip DC Efficiency
~90% at 20 hour discharge, 30° C
Round Trip DC Efficiency
~90% at 20 hour discharge, 30° C
Voltage Range
40 to 57.6 V
Voltage Range
40 to 57.6 V
Charge/Discharge Modes
CC, CP, CV, AC ripple tolerant
Charge/Discharge Modes
CC, CP, CV, AC ripple tolerant
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Height
935 mm
36.8 in
Height
1,159 mm
45.6 in
Width
330 mm
13.0 in
Width
1,321 mm
52.0 in
Depth
310 mm
12.2 in
Depth
1,016 mm
40.0 in
Weight
118 kg
260 lbs
Weight
1,504 kg
3,309 lbs
* 40° C average ambient over 24 hours
12
Our batteries
are different.
How We Stack Up
AHI batteries are a safe,
environmentally friendly,
long-lasting and easy-to-use
alternative to lead acid and
lithium ion.
They’ll give you and your
customers a hassle-free
experience, peace of mind,
and pride in their new clean
energy storage system.
13
Competition: Other Major Factors
AQUION ADVANTAGE
vs. PbA vs. Li-Ion
+
The S-Line and M-Line products are
touch-safe meaning they do not present
electrical hazards as shipped
✓
PSOC Cycling
Tolerant
+
Aqueous Hybrid Ion chemistry can be
operated at any state of charge and life
is not reduced
✓
No
Maintenance
+
S-Line and M-Line products are fully
sealed and require no maintenance or
special maintenance cycling
✓
Easy Installation
Low Voltage 48V
+
Standard connections and low voltage
ensures these can be installed without
high voltage safety equipment
Non-Flammable
Non-Explosive
+
No acid, heavy metals, or flammable
organic electrolytes – AHI batteries are
inherently safe and non-flammable
✓
✓
Temperature
Tolerant
+
No safety concerns or life reductions
at elevated temperatures
✓
✓
Touch Safe
14
✓
✓
✓
Sizing
15
Sizing Example (1)
Two bedroom home in Hawaii, low loads, grid defection, no generator
Size for Energy
Size for Power
+ Energy: 9kWh consumption per day
+ Power: 4kW peak (inverter efficiency included)
+ Would like 3 days of autonomy
+ 800W for S30
+ Energy needed: 9kWh/day x 3 days = 27kWh
+ 4kW / 800W = 5  5 stacks
+ Discharge duration: 72 hours
+ Since this power need is already covered by the stacks
for energy, the number of stacks needed is 11
+ Charge duration: >20 hours
Discharge
Duration (h)
Embodied
Energy (Wh)
Charge Duration (h)
4
8
10
12
20
4
1,264
1,520
1,600
1,647
1,803
8
1,335
1,672
1,780
1,848
2,055
12
1,389
1,775
1,900
1,982
2,217
20
1,569
2,046
2,200
2,307
2,603
+ 27 kWh / 2.603 kWh = 10.37  11 stacks
16
Sizing Example (2)
Micro-grid in the Caribbean with 50kW PV array
Size for Energy
Size for Power
+ Energy: 150kWh consumption per day
+ Would like 2 days of autonomy
+ 800W for S30
+ Energy needed:150kWh/day x 2 day = 300kWh
+ 20kW /800 W = 25  25 stacks
+ Discharge duration: 48 hours
+ Since this power need is already covered by the stacks
for energy, the number of stacks needed is 116
+ Charge duration: >20 hours
Discharge
Duration (h)
Embodied
Energy (Wh)
Charge Duration (h)
4
8
10
12
20
4
1,264
1,520
1,600
1,647
1,803
8
1,335
1,672
1,780
1,848
2,055
12
1,389
1,775
1,900
1,982
2,217
20
1,569
2,046
2,200
2,307
2,603
+ 300 kWh / 2.603 kWh = 115.25  116 stacks
17
Sizing Example (3)
Grid-tied system in a home to maximize PV self-consumption
Size for Energy
Size for Power
+ Energy: ~6kWh of average daily excess PV
+ Discharge duration: ~12 hours
+ 800W for S30
+ Charge duration: ~8 hours
+ 4kW /800 W = 5  5 stacks
+ The number of stacks needed to cover the peak load
AND the energy need is 5
Discharge
Duration (h)
Embodied
Energy (Wh)
Charge Duration (h)
4
8
10
12
20
4
1,264
1,520
1,600
1,647
1,803
8
1,335
1,672
1,780
1,848
2,055
12
1,389
1,775
1,900
1,982
2,217
20
1,569
2,046
2,200
2,307
2,603
+ 6 kWh / 1.775 kWh = 3.38  4 stacks
18
System configurations (1)
+ DC-coupling
©DNV-KEMA NYSERDA Residential Solar-Storage report (Apr 2013)
Optional BMS
19
or
Site Controller
System configurations (2)
+ AC-coupling
©DNV-KEMA NYSERDA Residential Solar-Storage report (Apr 2013)
Optional BMS
20
or
Site Controller
Transportation
21
Shipping: Non-Hazardous Goods
+ Aquion classifies its products as non-hazardous goods
+ Products have no hazardous classifications and can be shipped as standard
goods
+ Rules such as UN38.3 do not apply
+ Products have also undergone International Safe Transit Association testing
for shock, vibration, thermal shock, and altitude
22
Installation/Transportation Angle
+ Do not install the batteries on a surface
with greater than 15 degrees of tilt
+ Batteries can be tilted up to 45 degrees
for one hour during installation
+ Battery “wells” (quadrants) are not
sealed from the other wells within the
battery
+ Electrolyte can leak between wells over
time
+ Won’t leak out of the battery itself
because the battery is sealed
23
Do Not Disassemble
+ Stacks should not be dissembled
+ Nut at the top of the stack should not be
loosened
+ Stack is under pressure to maintain
contact between electrodes and current
collectors
+ Disassembly will greatly reduce battery
performance and can permanently
damage the stack
24
What’s in the box: Stacks
+ Stacks will arrive 12 or less to a pallet
(depending on order size)
+ Each 6 stacks will come with one lifting eye for
moving
+ Depending on type of transit, stacks may arrive
wrapped on a pallet (top) or in a crate (bottom)
+ Summary:
•
•
•
•
25
Stack
Lifting Eye
Ships up to 12 to pallet
Installation guide
What’s in the box: Modules
+ Modules will arrive wrapped
+ Modules are on a steel pallet
+ Can be moved with a fork truck or
pallet jack
26
Delivery Inspection
+ Upon receipt, check packaging and batteries for
damage
• Document damage and immediately notify Aquion
and the shipper
• Damage is not a safety concern
+ What to look for:
•
•
•
•
Scrapes or tears on packaging or products
Tipped products
Broken or missing components
Leaking electrolyte
Battery tilted >15 degrees
+ Salt residue
• White salt residue may be dried electrolyte
• Not hazardous, but may indicate a battery leak
• Provide photographs to Aquion and determine the
source of the leak
• If no source is apparent, it is likely not a battery leak
27
Battery case rupture
Installation
28
Site Requirements
+ IP Rating of Products: The S-line stacks are IP22 rated.
Products are protected against:
IP22
• Objects greater than 12.5mm, such as fingers or similar
objects
• Dripping water when tilted up to 15 degrees, for a duration of
10 minutes or less
+ Size and Weight: Position products on surfaces
appropriately rated for their weight. Ensure that the
installation location is large enough to contain the system
+ Ventilation: Per IBC and NFPA 1 guidelines, installations in
enclosed spaces require ventilation equal to either:
• Six (6) air changes per hour
• Ventilation at 1 cubic foot per minute (CFM) per square foot
of room size.
29
Site Requirements (cont.)
+ Dryness: Install Battery Stacks in a dry environment only.
Direct exposure to water may cause shorting. The unit
may be installed in humid or coastal regions with
atmospheric salt.
+ Sun Exposure: Install and operate Battery Stacks out of
direct exposure to sunlight. Prolonged exposure to
ultraviolet light may damage the polypropylene casing
and reduce product lifetime.
+ Ambient Temperature: Battery Stacks must be operated
in temperatures between -5°C and 40°C on a 24-hour
average. Operation above or below these limits will cause
advanced degradation of the battery chemistry.
30
Moving
+ Use the supplied safe lifting eye and
equipment
+ Ensure products do not tip by more that
45 degrees for longer than one hour
+ S-Line:
• Use either:
‒ Aquion supplied lifting eye with hoist or winch
‒ Hand truck or similar device
+ M-Line:
• Use either:
‒ Pallet jack
‒ Fork truck
31
Placement
+ S-Line batteries do not
need any particular
amount of clearance
between stacks or other
architectural features.
+ Always follow local codes
for aisle and access
requirements
+ Do not stack Battery
Stacks on top of each
other.
+ Ensure the products are
installed in an upright
position with less than
fifteen (15) degrees of tilt
32
33
+ The following contains recommendations on how to connect your system
+ Should not be taken as the only method
+ Always follow all local codes and regulations
+ Perform proper FMEA analysis to determine where safety precautions such
as external fusing or breakers are necessary
34
Connectors: Stacks
Negative: Female
Amphenol H4
Connector
Positive: Male
Amphenol H4
Connector
+ Stack Connectors:
• Negative (Black): Female Amphenol
Helios H4 Connector (H4CFC4DI)
• Positive (Red): Male Amphenol Helios
H4 Connector (H4CMC4DI)
+ Mating connectors:
• Not supplied by Aquion
• Recommend using Amphenol brand
mating connectors
• Connectors can be ordered as a mated
pair, part no. H4CPC4DI
+ Replacement connectors:
• Custom 12 AWG connectors on the
stack, can be re-ordered from Aquion
• Aquion offers certain connectors as
replacement parts
35
Connectors: Modules
Positive: Amphenol Radlok RL9100103
+ The following parts are required to make
connections to the M100 Battery module
• 1 Amphenol Radlock Tubular Connector Black
RL0100150BK
• 1 Amphenol Radlock Tubular Connector Red
RL0100150RE
36
Negative: Amphenol Radlok RL9100103
Connectors: Tools Required
+ S-Line
• Amphenol H4 Solar Connector
• Disconnect tool
• Wiring
‒ If crimping cables yourself
•
•
•
H4 Crimp tool
Male and female H4 connectors (one pair per stack)
10 AWG or larger wire based on current (A) and codes
‒ If purchasing pre-crimped wires
• Available from various online distributors
+ M-Line
• Amphenol Radlok Connector
• Greenlee Crimping tool
• 2/0 cable or larger based on current (A) and codes
37
Wiring and Fuses
+ The following is one way to wire together
several S-Line products in parallel
Fuse
+ Always consult local code and regulations
when wiring an electrical system
+ Bussing in parallel (48 V system):
• One common method is to use a standard solar
combiner box
• Example: MNPV12 from Midnite Solar would
allow you to combine stacks in parallel and
provide fusing/breakers
+ Fusing and breakers: Systems should be
protected in accordance with local codes and
regulations
• Follow the rated current of the stacks and
wires, which is 17A/stack
38
Combiner
Box
Grounding
+ Low voltage (<60V) systems do not necessarily require grounding
+ Stacks:
• If grounding is required or desired, the following parts can be used:
‒
‒
‒
‒
Ring Terminal (Morris Products 11072)
Nut (McMaster 93839A835)
12 AWG wire
Standard wire crimper
• Attach the ring terminals to the battery stacks, then ground the battery stacks.
+ Modules
• The Battery Module is equipped with a ⅜”-‐16 grounding lug. A 6 AWG wire
should be connected from this grounding lug directly to the system DC ground.
39
Commissioning & Operation
40
Inverters & Chargers
+ Aquion batteries follow a typical three-stage (bulk/absorption/float) charge
profile, similar to lead-acid batteries.
+ Aquion batteries are compatible with most inverters and chargers on the
market: SMA, Studer, Schneider, OutBack, MidNite Solar, etc.
+ Recommended settings are provided in the battery Operations Manual
41
Determining State of Charge
+ State of charge of an Aquion battery
can be estimated by using the Open
Circuit Voltage (OCV)
+ To measure the OCV, first disconnect
the stack or stacks from the DC bus by
either unplugging the H4 connectors
or powering down the system
+ Let the stacks sit unpowered for at
least 3 hours and then measure the
voltage between the positive and
negative terminals
42
Storage
+ If the batteries are to be stored for an extended period of time, remove all
signal and power connections to prevent unintended self-discharge and
undetected ground faults. Keep any grounding in place.
+ Standing at a partial state of charge does not harm AHI batteries.
+ Batteries stacks must be stored indoors or protected from sun and water, in
temperatures between -10C and 40C.
43
Recycling
+ AHI batteries are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and can be disposed of as
ordinary trash or through proper recycling channels. Follow all local laws
and regulations regarding disposal.
44
Record Keeping
+ Aquion Energy recommends maintaining proper system documentation
records:
Record
Description
Frequency
Single line system diagram
complete AC and DC system diagram
at installation or upon change
System component settings
charge voltage and current settings
at installation or upon change
+ Aquion Energy also recommends maintaining proper and regular operating
records which include. For module based systems that include the optional
Aquion Energy BMS, this data is logged automatically.
Measurement
Description
Frequency
Average Battery Temperature
daily average temperature
logged every 24 hrs
Minimum Battery Voltage
daily minimum voltage
logged every 24 hrs
Maximum Battery Voltage
daily maximum voltage
logged every 24 hrs
Maximum Battery Current
daily maximum current
logged every 24 hrs
45
Installation Pictures
46
Installation #1
47
Installation #1
48
Installation #1
49
Installation #2
50
Installation #2
51
Installation #3
52
Installation #4
53
Installation #5
54
Installation #6
55
Installation #7
56
Thank You
+1 412.904.6400
[email protected]
57

Sustainable Energy Storage Solution for Off-grid and

Transcription

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