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Lancelot `Capability` Brown and The Backs Cambridge ty`
The Walks The The The Walks Walks Walks The Walks walk The suggested mapped in red (2km, 1¼ The The The suggested suggested suggested walk walk walk mapped mapped mapped in inred in red(2km, red (2km, (2km, 1¼1¼1¼ miles) enters the grounds of King’s and(2km, St John’s The suggested walk mapped in red 1¼ miles) miles) miles) enters enters enters thethe grounds the grounds grounds of of King’s of King’s King’s and and St and St John’s St John’s John’s Colleges, for which a fee may be payable (for fees miles) enters the grounds of King’s and St John’s Colleges, Colleges, Colleges, forfor which for which which a fee a fee amay fee may may bebe payable be payable payable (for(for fees (for fees fees & opening times check thebe‘Visitor Guide’ at fortimes which a feecheck may payable (for fees &Colleges, &opening &opening opening times times check check thethe ‘Visitor the‘Visitor ‘Visitor Guide’ Guide’ Guide’ at at at http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/visiting& http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/visitingopening times check the ‘Visitor Guide’ at http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/visitinghttp://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/visitingthe-university). An alternative route shown in http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/visitingthe-university). the-university). the-university). AnAnalternative Analternative alternative route route route shown shown shown in in in yellow is of similar length and with free access via the-university). Anlength alternative route shown in via yellow yellow yellow is is of of is similar similar of similar length length and and with and with free with free access free access access viavia Silver Street and Garret Hostel Lane. yellow is of similar length and with free access via Silver Silver Silver Street Street Street and and Garret and Garret Garret Hostel Hostel Hostel Lane. Lane. Lane. Silver Street and Garret Hostel Lane. Í Í Í Í NORTH Í NORTH NORTH NORTH NORTH St John’s College St John’s St John’s St John’s College College College St John’s Ì College ÌÌ Ì Ì Ð Ð Ð Ð Ì Ð ÌÌ Ì Ì The life of Lancelot Brown The The The life life life ofof Lancelot of Lancelot Lancelot Brown Brown Brown The –life ofKirkharle, Lancelot Brown 1716 Born Northumberland 1716 1716 1716 – Born – Born – Born Kirkharle, Kirkharle, Kirkharle, Northumberland Northumberland thNorthumberland Baptised 30 August th August th August thNorthumberland 1716 –Baptised Born Kirkharle, Baptised Baptised 3030 30 August th 1732 – Apprenticed toAugust ’trade crafte or misterie Baptised 30 1732 1732 1732 – Apprenticed – Apprenticed – Apprenticed to to ’trade to ’trade ’trade crafte crafte crafte or or misterie or misterie misterie of gardening’to ’trade crafte or misterie 1732 –ofApprenticed of gardening’ of gardening’ gardening’ 1739 – Moved south to Stowe, then to of gardening’ 1739 1739 1739 – Moved – Moved – Moved south south south to to Stowe, to Stowe, Stowe, then then then to to to Hammersmith toStowe, set upthen on his own 1739 –Hammersmith Moved south to to Hammersmith Hammersmith to to setto set up set up onup on his on his own his own own account, creating over 250 garden works Hammersmith to set up250 on hisgarden own account, account, account, creating creating creating over over over 250 garden 250 garden works works works 1764 – Appointed Master over Gardener at Hampton account, creating 250 garden works 1764 1764 1764 – Appointed – Appointed – Appointed Master Master Master Gardener Gardener Gardener at at Hampton at Hampton Hampton Court Palace 1764 –Court Appointed Master Gardener at Hampton Court Court Palace Palace Palace 1767 – Purchased Manor of Fenstanton & Hilton Court Palace 1767 1767 1767 – Purchased – Purchased – Purchased Manor Manor Manor of of Fenstanton of Fenstanton Fenstanton & Hilton & Hilton & Hilton 1772 appears on of StFenstanton John’s College 1767 – Brown Purchased Manor & Hilton 1772 1772 1772 – Brown – Brown – Brown appears appears appears onon Ston St John’s St John’s John’s College College College Order to repair riverbank 1772 –Order Brown appears onriverbank St John’s College Order Order to to repair to repair repair riverbank riverbank 1773 – Brown invited toriverbank produce a scheme for Order to repair 1773 1773 1773 – Brown – Brown – Brown invited invited invited to to produce to produce produce a scheme a scheme a scheme forforfor St John’s College gardens 1773 –StBrown invited to produce a scheme for StJohn’s St John’s John’s College College College gardens gardens gardens 1778 – Brown paidCollege a ‘piecegardens of plate to the value St John’s 1778 1778 1778 – Brown – Brown – Brown paid paid paid a ‘piece a ‘piece a ‘piece of of plate of plate plate to to theto the value the value value of £50 paid for improving the walks’ 1778 –ofBrown a ‘piece of plate to the value of £50 of £50 for £50 for improving for improving improving thethe walks’ the walks’ walks’ of £50 for improving the walks’ Garret Hostel Lane Garret Hostel Lane Garret Hostel Lane Garret Hostel Lane Garret Hostel Lane Î ÎÎ Î Î King’s Ê King’s King’s King’s College Ì Ê Ê Ê College College College King’s ÌÌ Ì College Ê Ì Ï ÏÏ Ï Ï Basemap data © 2015 Google, Image © 2015 Infoterra Ltd & Bluesky Basemap data © 2015 Google, Image © 2015 Infoterra Ltd & Bluesky Basemap data © 2015 Google, Image © 2015 Infoterra Ltd & Bluesky Basemap data © 2015 Google, Image © 2015 Infoterra Ltd & Bluesky Basemap data © 2015 Google, Image © 2015 Infoterra Ltd & Bluesky Brown’s plan for The Backs, 1779 Brown’s Brown’s Brown’s plan plan plan forfor The for The Backs, The Backs, Backs, 1779 1779 1779 1779 –Brown’s University Chancellor invited 1779 Brown to plan for The Backs, 1779 1779 1779 – University – University – University Chancellor Chancellor Chancellor invited invited invited Brown Brown Brown to to to do ‘some alterations’ for The Brown Backs to 1779 –doUniversity Chancellor invited do ‘some do ‘some ‘some alterations’ alterations’ alterations’ forfor The for The Backs The Backs Backs (plan in Cambridge University Library) do ‘some for TheLibrary) Backs (plan (plan (plan in in Cambridge Cambridge in alterations’ Cambridge University University University Library) Library) th February. Buried in Fenstanton 1783 – Died 6 (plan in Cambridge University Library) th th th February. Buried Buried Buried in in Fenstanton Fenstanton in Fenstanton 1783 1783 1783 – Died – Died – Died 6 6February. 6February. th February. in Fenstanton 1783 – Died Other 6leaflets in the Buried series describe Wimpole Other Other Other leaflets leaflets leaflets in in thein the series the series series describe describe Wimpole Wimpole Wimpole Estate, Madingley Hall, and adescribe walk around Other leaflets in Hall, the series Wimpole Estate, Estate, Estate, Madingley Madingley Madingley Hall, Hall, andandand adescribe awalk ain walk walk around around around Fenstanton village. Published 2015 by Estate, Madingley Hall, and a walk around Fenstanton Fenstanton Fenstanton village. village. village. Published Published Published in in 2015 in 2015 2015 by Cambridgeshire Gardens Trust to celebrate by theby Fenstanton village. Published in 2015 by Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire Gardens Gardens Gardens Trust Trust Trust toand to celebrate to celebrate celebrate thethe the tercentenary of Lancelot Brown sponsored by Cambridgeshire Trust to celebrate theby tercentenary tercentenary tercentenary of Lancelot of Lancelot ofGardens Lancelot Brown Brown Brown andand sponsored and sponsored sponsored by by materials Specialist tercentenaryinofnatural Lancelotlandscaping Brown and sponsored by in natural in natural in natural landscaping landscaping landscaping materials materials materials Specialist Specialist Specialist Capability Barns, Huntingdon Road, Fen Drayton, in natural landscaping materials Specialist Capability Barns, Huntingdon Road, Fen Drayton, Capability Barns, Huntingdon Road, Fen Drayton, Capability Barns, Huntingdon Road, Fen Drayton, Cambs, CB24 4SD 01954 231666 www.bannold.co.uk Capability Barns, Huntingdon Road, Fen Drayton, Cambs, CB24 4SD Cambs, CB24 4SD Cambs, CB24 4SD 01954 231666 01954 231666 01954 231666 www.bannold.co.uk www.bannold.co.uk www.bannold.co.uk Cambs, CB24 4SD 01954 231666 www.bannold.co.uk Lancelot ‘Capability’ Lancelot Lancelot Lancelot ‘Capability’ ‘Capability’ ‘Capability’ Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown and The Brown Brown Brown and and and The The The Brown and The Backs Cambridge Backs Backs Backs Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge Backs Cambridge 1. Gibbs’ Fellows’ Building, King’s College 1. 1. Gibbs’ 1. Gibbs’ Gibbs’ Fellows’ Fellows’ Fellows’ Building, Building, Building, King’s King’s King’s College College College 1. Building, King’sofCollege In Gibbs’ RomanFellows’ times the hinterlands Cambridge In In Roman In Roman Roman times times times thethe hinterlands the hinterlands hinterlands of of Cambridge of Cambridge Cambridge Colleges were marshes and water meadows. InColleges Roman times the hinterlands ofmeadows. Cambridge Colleges Colleges were were were marshes marshes marshes and and and water water water meadows. meadows. Between 1086marshes and 1279 the river was Colleges were and water meadows. Between Between Between 1086 1086 1086 and and and 1279 1279 1279 thethethe river river river was was was canalised and straightened to make wharves Between 1086 and 1279 the river was canalised canalised canalised and and and straightened straightened straightened to to make to make make wharves wharves wharves for salt, and flax straightened and corn which was then canalised to make wharves forfor for salt, salt, salt, flax flaxflax and and and corn corn corn which which which was was was then then then transported along lanes connected to the for salt, flax and corn which was then transported transported transported along along along lanes lanes lanes connected connected connected to tothe tothethe market. By 1500 the town was alive with transported along connected to the market. market. market. ByBy1500 By1500 1500 thethelanes the town town town was was was alive alive alive with with with commerce and the Stourbridge Fair held near market. By 1500 the townFair was alive with commerce commerce commerce and and the and the Stourbridge the Stourbridge Stourbridge Fair Fair held held held near near near the Leper’s and Chapel was the largest inheld Europe. commerce the Stourbridge Fair near thethe Leper’s the Leper’s Leper’s Chapel Chapel Chapel was was was thethe largest the largest largest in in Europe. Europe. in Europe. th century the Leper’s Chapel was the largest in Europe. From theth14 monastic houses and the th century th century From From From thethe 14 the 14century 14 monastic monastic monastic houses houses houses and and the and thethe colleges transformed the townhouses by acquiring th century monastic From the 14 and the colleges colleges colleges transformed transformed transformed thethethe town town town bybyacquiring byacquiring acquiring land and transformed gradually removing the wharves. For colleges thethetown by acquiring land land land and and and gradually gradually gradually removing removing removing the wharves. the wharves. wharves. For ForFor example, Henry VI took land to build King’s land and gradually removing wharves. For example, example, example, Henry Henry Henry VIVItook VI took took land land land to the tobuild to build build King’s King’s King’s College Chapel. Over time this reduced the example, Henry VIOver took land to buildthe King’s College College College Chapel. Chapel. Chapel. Over Over time time time this thisthis reduced reduced reduced thethe economic wellbeing of the town and the College Chapel. Over this reduced economic economic economic wellbeing wellbeing wellbeing of ofthe oftime thethe town town town and and and thethethe the colleges were able to ofincrease their and holdings economic wellbeing thetheir town the colleges colleges colleges were were were able able able to toincrease to increase increase their their holdings holdings holdings further. David Loggan’s map of 1688 (2) shows colleges were able map tomap increase their holdings further. further. further. David David David Loggan’s Loggan’s Loggan’s map of of 1688 of 1688 1688 (2) (2) shows (2) shows shows the college acquisitions west of the River Cam. further. David Loggan’s map of 1688 (2) shows thethe college the college college acquisitions acquisitions acquisitions west west west of of the of the River the River River Cam. Cam. Cam. the college acquisitions west of the River Cam. NORTH St John’s Trinity Clare King’s Queens’ 2. David Loggan’s map of Cambridge, 1688 In 1765 a new bridge, designed by James Essex, was built by Trinity College as part of the colleges’ continuing land purchases. In the 1760s and 1770s the floodplain land was turfed to create lawns and the area became known as ‘The Backs’ (3). 3. The lawned Backs ‘beautiful Colleges, groves, gardens and green fields lying on the banks of the river ... agreeably intermixed; and the stone bridges of several Colleges over the river add to the beauty of it.’ Cantabrigia Depicta, Jeremy Bentham, 1763 The Colleges were evolving as separate entities with different formal garden design principles applied to each segment of the Backs. Thus, Lancelot Brown was first approached by St John’s and worked from 1773-78 on preparing plans for the College Gardens (4). In his capacity as University Chancellor, the Duke of Grafton invited Brown in 1779 to suggest ‘Some Alterations’ to the Backs as a whole. Brown proposed that the single landscapes 4. St John’s College Garden Gates be unified into one park with four separate paddocks; widening the river to create a lake; and removing formal avenues, college bridges (5,6,7) and boundaries. 6. King’s Bridge (1819) 5. Clare Bridge (1640) 7. Trinity Bridge (1765) The unified park landscape would be focused on James Gibbs’ Fellows’ Building (1) at King’s College, with neighbouring buildings of Trinity and Clare Colleges featuring as secondary outbuildings. Whilst Brown was praised for his paper plan (overleaf) and doing ‘wonders on a plain surface’, the Colleges could not agree on his radical vision of a surrogate mansion in a park landscape and the plan was never realised. Brown was presented with a silver salver for his efforts.
