Getting to grips to “High Elevation Airport Operations” project

Transcription

2013-02 - High Altitude Operations
Getting to grips to
“High Elevation Airport Operations” project
Presented by
Capt JP HOUDIN, Flight Ops Support Director
Feb 2013
高海拔机场运营 High Elevation Operation
Feb 2013
8 Chapters to be developed
Airbus task sharing
A/P compatibility
EIYS
Legal dept
STLO
Medical
EV - STL
BS, BL – E - S
STO
S
© AIRBUS China LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Feb 2013
Status of HEAOps project
Objective
• To prepare a Airbus Reference document dealing with High Elevation Airport Operations = HEAOps”.
• Initiated by Airbus China Flight Operation Department, Captain J.P. Houdin:
• Leads the building of a specific Document (name to be defined), and ensures regular updates,
• Establish cooperation with selected worldwide HEA operators and Regulatory departments, (CAAC, EASA, ICAO)
• Review all aspects links to High Elevation Airport Operations
Peter TIARKS Requirements:
‘’Delivery: The draft Document shall be delivered to ST by December 2013 (project duration estimated with 18 months)’’
‘’Team composition, workload and cost
•
•
•
The Airbus team will be composed of 8 Members from Airbus China who will have to allocate approximate 20% of their working
time. (total of 21 man months) and M.Post from SEU and Larry ROCKLIFF both of them estimated workload of 10% (3.6 man
months)
The cost for travel for coordination meeting with the CAAC and Airlines will be covered in the AOP of each department
Cost for events with CAAC and Airlines will be covered by Airbus China Government Affairs.’’
PROGRESS STATUTS
• CAAC: CAAC review of AC121 pending, next meeting with CAAC Chengdu in May2013.
• Airbus: FEEDBACK Only Marketing dept in Toulouse, (SA, Cargo)
• ACSSO established cooperation with TBA and CCA in Chengdu (Ops feedback and flight data analysis), (still need to do
with South US airlines)
• Operational visits in China to explain the performance and A/C mod’s
• Growing demand for HEA Operation development – Airline request more support
Topics of the Document
Working Group
Team Member
1
Airport characteristics
2
AC (Advisory circulars) - Regulation
3
Airline experience / Safety analysis
a) Airbus MIA with FAA
b) B.Delprat with CAAC, CSC, TBA
4
Airsafety - Aircrew / Passenger
B.Delprat and YANG Zhigang
5
Aircraft and Engine characteristics
6
Aircraft and Engine design
7
Aircrew and Ground staff training
8
Terrain, weather (Dry, Hot, Cold),
accessibility, alternates – Worldwide map
Airworthiness involvement
New area / Medical aspects
JP/HOU Maggie
J.P/ BO Juan /CAAC
STL (JR?, Steve?, Majun)
Atmosphere and Aerodynamics, Air speed,
• Take off and landing, Flying technique
• RNP-AR Approach,
• flight envelop, in-flight failures,
Approval process / HEAOps Requirements
• Aircraft
• Aircrew
• Airports
Page 4
Eric VR,YANG Zhigang
Larry ROCKLIFF + Jp HOUDIN,
SC (M.Sherf)/M.Post from SEU
May 2011
High Elevation Airport
Worldwide Distribution
ICAO
*definition Airbus
Above 9200ft
10 airports in China
4 above 14000ft
Page 5
30% airports in
China among 38
worldwide
SPRF
ZUBD
ZUKD
ZUAL
VI66
SPVI
SLLP
SLCN
SPNP
SLPO
ZLYS
SPIY
SLCC
SPJL
ZURK
SCKP
SLOR
TJ0E
ZULS
SPHY
SASQ
ZUJZ
SPJJ
VNMA
SPZO
ZPDQ
VILH
KLXV
SKIP
ZUNZ
SETU
SLSU
VNLK
ZLGM
VNST
SEQU
SELT
City
Country
Province
Puno
San Rafael
Peru
Tibet AR
Qamdo, Bangda
China
Sichuan
Kangding
China
Tibet AR
Gunsa, Ali
China
Jammu & Kashmir
Fukche
India
Pasco
Vicco
Peru
La Paz
El Alto, La Paz
Bolivia
La Paz
Charaña
Bolivia
Puno
Ventilla, Puno
Peru
Potosi
Potosi
Bolivia
Qinghai
Yushu/Batang
China
Cuzco
Kauri
Peru
La Paz
Copacabana
Bolivia
Puno
Puno Juliaca
Peru
Tibet AR
Shigatse, Heping
China
Tarapacá
Coposa
Chile
Oruro
Oruro
Bolivia
GBAO
Murgab
Tadjikistan
Tibet AR
Lhasa Gonggar
China
Apurimac
Andahuaylas
Peru
Jujuy
La Quiaca
Argentina
Sichuan
Jiuzhai Huanglong
China
Junin
Jauja Francisco Carle
Peru
Gandaki
Manang
Nepal
Cuzco
Cuzco
Peru
Yunnan
Deqen Shangri-la
China
Jammu & Kashmir
Leh
India
Colorado
Leadville (Lake Co)
United States
Nariño
Ipiales San Luis
Colombia
Tibet AR
Mainling,Linzhi
China
Carchi
Tulcan Luis A Mantilla
Ecuador
Chuquisaca
Sucre
Bolivia
Sagarmatha
Lukla
Nepal
Qinghai
Golmud
China
Karnali
Simikot
Nepal
Pichincha
Quito Mal Sucre Intl
Ecuador
Cotopaxi
Latacunga Cotopaxi Intl
Ecuador
Elev (ft)
14422
14219
14042
14022
13700
13461
13314
13294
13123
12923
12812
12795
12595
12552
12475
12467
12146
11962
11713
11706
11414
11312
11034
11000
10860
10761
10682
9927
9740
9675
9649
9527
9334
9324
9246
9228
9207
Feb 2013
High Elevation Airport
Worldwide Distribution
South America
>9200 ft
Peru
8
Bolivia
6
Ecuador
3
Others
3
China
>9200 ft
Tibet
5
Qinghai
2
Sichuan
2
Yunnan
1
37 airports are above 9200 ft, 30 are located in South America and China
11 new airports will be built between 2011-2020 in Tibet region
Feb 2013
Bangda, the world highest altitude airport
A319 sharklet with CFM56-5B7
124 passengers at 95 kg each
2% fuel conservatism
CAAC domestic flight profile
5% airway allowance
85% annual wind
Bangda
Elevation : 14,213 ft
Runway length : 4,200 m
Temperature : 10°C
Takeoff assuming no limiting obstacles
A319 is in operation with RNP in Ali, Bangda, Lhasa, Linzhi,
Yushu, Huangshan, Lijiang, Pangzhihua, Xining, Yanji
Over 80% operations in Tibet are by A319
Over 94% operations in Tibet are by A319+A330
A319 has excellent takeoff performance and range capability from Bangda
Airbus, from a new comer to a major player
Airbus Aircraft in China 1985 ~ 2010
1,000
800
A340
A330
A321
First A320 entry China in 1995
End 2010
654 aircraft
In-service fleet
A320
600
A319
A310
A300
400
200
First Airbus
aircraft entered
into China
0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
End 2010
A320 Family
550 aircraft
ACBCM 0036.10 WK
Airbus aircraft are preferred for Tibet operations
OAG, Aug., 2009
Flights/week
Airline
AC Type
LAX-CTU：
28
42
21
2
CSC
CCA
CCA
CCA
A319
A319
A330
757
LAX-CTU-PEK：
7
CCA
A330
PEK-LXA：
7
CCA
A330
BPX-CTU：
6
CCA
A319
BPX-LXA：
1
CCA
A319
LXA-CKG：
7
7
7
7
7
CSC
CCA
CSN
CSN
CSZ
A319
A319
A319
A333
A319
LXA-XIY：
7
14
CHH
CES
A319
A319
LZY-CTU：
12
CCA
757
LZY-KMG：
7
CES
737
LXA-DIG-KMG：
7
CES
737
LXA-KTM：
5
CCA
A319
Airbus tacked about 86% of HEA operation
Market Share
A319:
68%
A330/A333: 18%
737:
757:
7%
7%
ACBCM 0036.10 WK
Airbus aircraft are preferred for Tibet operations
OAG, Jan., 2010
Flight/week
Airline
AC Type
LAX-CTU：
21
20
7
CSC
CCA
CCA
A319
A319
A330
LAX-CTU-PEK：
7
CCA
A319
BPX-CTU：
6
CCA
A319
BPX-LXA：
1
CCA
A319
LXA-CKG：
7
3
7
CSC
CCA
CSN
A319
A319
A319
LXA-XIY：
3
CES
A319
LZY-CTU：
4
3
CCA
CCA
757
A319
LXA-KTM：
3
CCA
A319
Market Share
A319:
A330:
757:
In winter, A319 tacked about 90% of Tibet market
88%
8%
4%
Feb 2013
South America Airbus operation
High Elevation Airports
Airports with Elevation > 9,200ft
Airport_IATA Airport_ICAO
Airport_Name
Country
Elevation
A319/A330 Ops.
LTX
SELT
LATACUNGA/COTOPAXI
Equador
9206
N/A
UIO
SEQU
QUITO / MARISCAL
SUCRE INTL
Equador
9228
A319 and A330
TUA
SETU
TULCAN
Equador
9636
N/A
IPI
SKIP
IPIALES / SAN LUIS
Columbia
9740
N/A
LPB
SLLP
LA PAZ / EL ALTO INTL
Bolivia
13313
A319
POI
SLPO
POTOSI
Bolivia
12913
N/A
SRE
SLSU
SUCRE
Bolivia
9527
N/A
JAU
SPJJ
JAUJA
Peru
11034
N/A
JUL
SPJL
JULIACA
Peru
12552
A319
CUZ
SPZO
CUZCO
Peru
10860
A319
* A319s have been operated in UIO, LPB, JUL, and CUZ, and A330s in UIO only.
Page 11
1
Feb 2013
South America flights
Number of Flights of A319 and A330 (2005-2011)
Sum of number of flights per
month
Column Labels
Row Labels
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Grand Total
319
1136 2370 7264 8919 12039 11571 12013
55311
JUL
296 1067 1346 1560 1440 1431
7140
CUZ
257 1483 4757 5709 7500 7376 7054
34136
LPB
879 287 519 399
UIO
330
UIO
Grand Total
Page 12
690
493
429
3694
304 921 1466 2289 2263 3099
10341
111 189 261 257
266
43
1127
111 189 261 257
266
43
1127
1247 2559 7526 9176 12304 11614 12013
56439
Feb 2013
China Airport Statistics
ICAO
City
Elev (ft)
ZUBD
Qamdo
(Bangda)
14219
ZUKD
Kangding
14042
ZUAL
Gunsa, Ali
14022
ZLYS
Yushu/Bata
ng
12812
ZURK
Heping
12475
ZULS
Lhasa
Gonggar
11713
ZUJZ
Jiuzhai
11312
ZPDQ
Deqen
Shangri-la
10761
ZUNZ
Mainling
Linzhi
9675
ZLGM
Golmud
9324
Take-off Landing
Number of
Average
procedur procedur Type flights
es
es
of
/year
T (˚C)
type
type
A/C
/A/C
Page 13
Min
T(˚C)
Max
T(˚C)
Visibility
(m)
Precipitati
ons
Wind
speed
Wind
direction
obs
Feb 2013
High Elevation Airport characteristics
Chinese projects
The Highest Elevation Airport
Qamdo Bangda Airport is the airport with the highest elevation in the world. The elevation of the structure is 14,219 feet or 4,334 meters. In addition to this, the structure has the longest runway, which has a length of 18,045 feet or 5,500 meters.
In this high
elevation area,
there will be 11
new airports
constructed
between 2011-2020
Built 2006-2010
2011-2020 planned new
Page 14
Use Tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' for Presentation Title - Siglum - Reference
On Nov. 23, Daocheng Yading Airport, the world's highest civil airport at an
elevation of 4,441 meters, welcomed the first landing of an Air China Airbus A319
passenger aircraft, registration B-6226. The aircraft then took off again and made
test flight successfully in the airport' airspace, marking that the world's highest
civil airport is going to be put into operation soon.
Located 50 km from Daocheng County of the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of
Garze, southwest China's Sichuan Province, the regional airport is a 4C-class airport,
with a 4,200-meter-long runway and four tarmcs. The 4,441-meter-high airport has
surpassed Tibet Changdu Bangda Airport which is at an elevation of 4,334 meters,
becoming the highest civil airport in the world.
The airport, which has completed the construction on August 29, 2012, is expected to
be put into operation in May 2013. After the operation of the airport, it will take only one
hour for tourists flying from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province to Daocheng.
Page 15
Month 200X
1
High Elevation Airport characteristics
High Elevation definition
Worldwide map
High Altitude must be defined
• Type of operation
(commercial, type of aircraft..
• Define types of access and
facilities
• Analyse weather phenomenon
which impact performance,
FDA, minimum , design of
procedures
• type of weather impact on
engine performance
• PCN and runway design
• Review existing app and
proposal for other types (RNP)
• highlight the new projects
(1) definition CAAC
Above 1500m
94 airports
China
S. America
Others
Page 16
16 (1) 10 (2)
48 (1) 20 (2)
28 (1) 7 (2)
(2) definition Airbus
Above 9200ft
37 airports
2
Regulation
Authorities involvement (EASA-CAAC-FAA) ICAO
For Airbus
HIGH?
Above 9200ft ?
Very High
Above 14500 ft?
14500ft?
Very
High
CAAC
Above 8000 ft
10 airports
High
4922ft
CAAC
Above 4922 ft
5 airports
1500m
9200ft?
We need TO STANDARDIZE THE DEFINITIONS
Proposal: HIGH from 10000ft to 15000ft
Page 17
1
CAAC Advisory Circular
Definition
High Elevation Airports includes General High Elevation
Airports and Very High Elevation Airports
Very High Elevation Airports
> 8000 ft (2438 m)
General High Elevation Airports
> 4922 ft (1500 m)
Page 18
2
Background
Increasing number of
high elevation airports built
or planned
in China in recent years, especially in
the Xizang Province.
Safety issue :
high altitude operations are more
challenging.
October, 28-29, 2004 : Seminar on High Elevation Airport
Operation Management and Support, held by CAAC in
Chengdu, with regional administration offices and airlines.
AC-121-21, March2, 2007
High Elevation Airport Operation Regulation for Air Carriers
Page 19
3
Entry requirements
Airline
• Required experience different if the airline is based or not at high elevation
• Staff skills related with very high elevation operations
Aircraft
• Respect of the flight envelop
• Special oxygen needs
• Technical specifications for very HE (CP, engines, self start capability)
Pilot
• Age
• First officer
• Training
• Captain
Airlines operations management
• Establish a specific manual based on the CAAC-AC
• Adapt the operations management
More details : see CAAC Advisory Circular_detailed.pptx
or CAAC AC HEA.pdf
Page 20
3
Operational requirements
Aircraft maintenance
•
• 120min ETOPS Standards
Dispatch
• Weather
• TOW
• Dispatch department • Real-time
• HEA Operations
• Dispatch training
Aircraft performance analysis
Crew training
• TOW
• V1 / VR / V2
• Landing
• Pilots
• Captain at VHEA : experience in line with
CCAR 121.469
• Cabin crew : syllabus adapted for HEA
Training incorporated to the annual training
• Scheduling
• EOSID procedure
• HEA Operations
Demonstration flight
Aviation sanitation
• Required for all aircrafts at very high
elevation airport
• Below, CAAC decides whether it is
necessary or not
• Oxygen
• Crew health recommendations at very high
elevation
• Contingency plan for plague
More details : see CAAC Advisory Circular_detailed.pptx
or CAAC AC HEA.pdf
Page 21
3
1
History of airline operating at HEA
2
Safety reports
3
4
5
Performance reports
Commercial reports
Participation airlines
Page 22
Comments:
• REVIEW OF experience
• PERFORMANCE
• SYSTEMS,
• SAFETY
Questions:
3
Normal Rotation
VR
We need FDA to ISSUE Operating Rules
Liftoff
35ft
An A319 taking off with a rotation rate that is 1 deg/s slower than normal can result in a 4 to 5 knot liftoff speed increase.
airfase
We need FDA to assess pilot performance vs speed computation
We need quick FDA process to take rapid repair decision
Dispatch
Page 23
4
Commercial / Passenger
New area / Medical aspects
Cabin crew training should take into account hypoxia knowledge
We need airline experience and medical analysis
to assess passenger and crew behaviour
Safety equipments could be required on board or at the airport
- 8,000 ft to the threshold of prolonged hypoxia and without excessive fatigue;
- 12,000 ft for the threshold for use of oxygen in all conditions. The threshold of 8,000 ft is that of civil
aviation. The threshold of 12,000 ft is that of military regulations (STANAG 3198 AMD) and is quoted in
the FAR regulations (Part 91, Part 121 & Part 135).
Page 24
5
1
Take off performance
2
In flight performance
3
4
5
6
Landing performance
Mission payload capability
Information and training
System failure
7
Page 25
Comments:
• REVIEW OF experience
• PERFORMANCE
• SYSTEMS,
• SAFETY
Questions:
5
• 起飞 Take off
起飞距离
TOD
压力高度
Pressure altitude
爬升梯度
最大起飞重量
MTOW
Climb Gradients
• 着陆 Landing
空中着陆距离 IFLD
压力高度
Pressure altitude
复飞 Go Around
空中着陆距离
IFLD
空中着陆距离
IFLD
发动机推力
爬升梯度
Engine Thrust
Climb gradients
19/04/2013
5
LIMitations
195 kt GS A320
204 kt A330/340
Page
27
Example:
-Code 5 is tire speed limit
- 204kt GS = 170 IAS
5
海拔高度
在给定的空速情况下真空速(
Altitude
TAS)随高度的增加而增加.
Flying at a given airspeed leads to increase
给定空速
the A/C TAS with Altitude increase.
Given airspeed
真空速
TAS
• 对于相同的空速，转弯半径随着压力高度的增加而增加。
• For the same airspeed, radius of turn increase with pressure altitude increase.
Ft
R FL100
(km)
R FL50
4.5
3
1.5
0
0
Pressure
hPa (mb)
1013.25
R sea level
High Elevation Airport Operations
5
Required Runway length vs Airport Elevation
Airport Elevation (x1000 ft)
Conditions:
ISA, No Wind, 1013
Rwy dry-No obstacle
15
A319-IAE
MTOW 75.5T
A319-CFM
MTOW 75.5T
10
A319CFM56-5B7
Max Tire speed
TORA/TODA/ASDA
A320-214
(m)
15000ft
3,500
Example
(approx data)
5
MTOW 77T
60.8
3,600
61.1
3,700
61.5
3,800
61.6
3,900
61.8
4,000
61.9
4,100
62.0
4,200
62.1
Runway
length(x1000
m)
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5
Page 31
Month 200X
32
Performance Benefit
Bump option is effective for hot and/or high conditions
• Bump option increases TOGA thrust rating (up to 10%)
Thrust
TOGA
Bump
TREF
ΔISA
ACBCM 0036.10 WK
A319 has more RNP ops approvals ……
Airport list of RNP AR in China - A319
Airport
Status
Airport list of RNP AR in China - 737-700
Airport
Type
Design
Status
Type
Design
Bangda
A319
Naverus
In operation
Lijiang
B737-700
Jeppesen
In operation
Jiuzhai
A319
Naverus
In process
Linzhi
B737-700
Jeppesen
In operation
Lhasa
A319
Naverus
In operation
Linzhi
A319
Naverus
In operation
Yushu
A319
Naverus
In process
Huangshan
A319
Quovadis
In operation
Lijiang
A319
Quovadis
In operation
Panzhihua
A319
Quovadis
In process
Xining
A319
Quovadis
In process
Yanji
A319
Quovadis
In operation
Lhasa
A330
Naverus
In operation
Sanya
A330
Quovadis
In process
...... and is operating on all of high altitude airports
6
Feb 2013
Aircraft and Engine design – Customisation
Special design and equipments, new systems (FAN, ATSAW)
1
2
3
9 Systems
• FMGC (RNP-AR)
• FANS
• ATSAW
• FWC
Oxygen
9 Information
• Flysmart
HEAOps requests
4
9 HEA kit (Overhead
5 9 Engines
• FADEC
• BUMP
Page 34
6panel)
• Pressurisation
• Oxygen
7
9 BRAKING
• Brake fan
• Wheels
6
Aircraft and Engine design – Customization
Feb 2013
From Gijs TOORENAAR,Customization Account Director
• High altitude operations depend much on the local airworthiness authorities requirements.
• For example, the CAAC requires a 55mn passenger oxygen supply in case of emergency decent. However, other high altitude
•
configurations not in CAAC jurisdiction could have the basic 15 mn oxygen supply or the optional 22 mn.
This also depends on the emergency descent possibilities.
All Chinese high altitude configurations have the highest thrust engines installed but please note that other configurations could have
engines with less thrust. This has to be calculated on a case by case basis.
For China,
• Increased design weights MTOW 70T, MLW 62.5T, MZFW 58.5T (WV 005)
• Certification for high altitude ops up to 14500 ft (this installs, amongst others, the switch NORMAL/HIGH ALT in passenger oxygen
system)
• Extended duration of passenger gaseous oxygen system
• Highest thrust engine IAE or CFM
• CPC (SA )
Please note that the gaseous oxygen system is not retrofitable according the program policy note attached.
• Concerning the communications system, CES used to have 2 HF transceivers but this has changed to 1 HF and one SATCOM with
•
cockpit voice interface.
The dual advisory ice detection system could be useful.
Other configurations outside China include options as:
• Water/waste freezing protection for extended flight conditions
• 15 knots tailwind certification at landing
• 15 knots tailwind certification at take off
Page 35
6
Aircraft and Engine design
Feb 2013
Existing Mod’s – To be updated
Page 36
7
One day seminar split in Part A + B
Part A : Pilot Briefing
1
0900:1000
Theory
2
1015:1100
Aicraft performance and systems review
3
1115:1215
1145:1315
Aircraft handling- flying techniques
Lunch/video
Part B : Simulator exercise (A320 or A330)
4
1330:1830
• Each crew perform 2h (2 crews)
Page 37
7
1 day training- 4h on ground, 2h simulator per crew
Theory
1. Airport design
2. Weather phenomenon
3. Medical aspects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Performance
Flying
techniques
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Page 38
1. Loading envelop (Theory)
2. Multiple Errors or ZFW and
T/O speeds
3. GTG to Weight and Balance
Decision Speed – Characteristic speeds
Gradients all phase of flight
Use@doc (FCOM’s, MEL)
Use of EFB
Flight preparation
Rejected Take off –Tire speed
All Engine & OEO after T/O
In flight Shut down
S/F failures
Landing safe
Go around
8
1
2
Check list to help the Airline for approval
Approval process / HEAOps Requirements
Operational evaluation of each HEA Ops procedure
- As required, development of specific flight crews procedures.
- Validation of the Navigation database.
Flight Operational Safety Assessment (FOSA)
3
The use of EASA certified HEA values alleviate the need for a FOSA.
4
5
Operational documentation
6
Procedure charts, specific flight crew procedures, limitations.
Required equipment.
HEA monitoring program
7
Page 39
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content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith.
Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS China LTD. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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Month 200X

Getting to grips to “High Elevation Airport Operations” project

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