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Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy
Unit 3 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy HANDOUT VERSION LECTURS 9-15-2207 & 9-16-2007 Richard P Madden, DDS, MS Adjunct Associate Professor Diagnostic & Biological Sciences [email protected] Unit 3 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy Required reading: White and Pharoah: Oral Radiology :Principles and Interpretation, 6th Edition: Pages 46-52, 152-206. Resources: http://www1.umn.edu/dental/courses/orad_anatomy/ Oral Radiology CD Oral Radiology Manual ( aka Oral Radiology Notes) Anatomy textbooks, dry skull Unit 3 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy Become familiar with the handout: “Terms and concepts for radiographic interpretation of intraoral and extraoral radiographs” Most of the terms and concepts are from your textbook. More terms and concepts will be listed on a future handout. Radiographic Density • Radiopacity – light on film • Radiolucency - dark on film • Relative degrees of density Radiopaque vs. Radiolucent • Radiopaque: refers to a light area on the film – Structures that are absorbers of x-rays block the xrays from reaching the film – The x-rays are attenuated (decreased in intensity) by absorbing structures – Fewer photons reach the emulsion (less exposure) – Dense structures are strong absorbers Radiopaque vs. Radiolucent • Radiolucent: refers to a dark area on the film – Structures that are less dense are poor absorbers and allow more photons to reach the film emulsion (more exposure) Radiopaque vs. Radiolucent Radiopaque • • • • • • • • Metal Enamel Cementum Dentin Bone Muscle Fat Air Restorative and surgical materials have various densities and abilities to absorb. Metallic materials are more dense than enamel, thus appear very white on radiographs. Radiolucent Using terms and concepts NIH Using terms and concepts Molar area Dental follicle -radiolucent band Lower border of mandible -radiopaque band -cortical bone Using terms and concepts ~15 year old Periodontal ligament space Lamina dura Dental papilla Using terms and concepts Dental follicle Mandibular canal Using terms and concepts Artefact Radiopaque line -Superior border mandibular canal Using terms and concepts Trabecular Pattern Cancellous bone Trabecular Pattern Using terms and concepts Trabecular Pattern Sparse Trabeculation Inferiorly Using terms and concepts Alveolar crest = crestal bone Using terms and concepts Mandibular canal “Burnout” Submandibular gland fossa Using terms and concepts • Attenuation Image receptor TOOTH Source F PULP L Using terms and concepts Image receptor • Attenuation Radiolucent TOOTH Source PULP Radiopaque Using terms and concepts • Attenuation Image receptor Lamina dura TOOTH Source PULP BONE Peripheral eggshell effect Cervical burnout Anatomy of the mandible Anatomy of the mandible Mandibular Posterior Region Alveolar Ridge External Oblique Ridge Mylohyoid Ridge Mandibular Canal Enlarged PDL Space? Inferior Border of Mandible Inf. Alveolar Canal Inferior Alveolar Canal Oblique Ridges External oblique ridge Internal oblique ridge = mylohyoid ridge Oblique Ridges Oblique Ridges, mandibular canal Quiz 1: Identify S and T Line of contrast (tongue) Identify E and D Lower border of the mandible Which tooth is this? Premolar region Mental Foramen Mental Foramen Mental Foramen Mental Foramen Mental Foramen Quiz 2. Normal or abnormal? Quiz 2. Normal or abnormal? A B Posteriorly Positioned Foramen Anterior looping of the canal Torus mandibularis = mandibular torus (singular) mandibular tori (plural) Anterior Mandible Genial tubercle Lingual foramen Genial Tubercle Attachment of the: – Genioglossus – Geniohyoid Genial Tubercle Genial Tubercle Anterior Mandible Mental ridge and Mental fossa • Mental fossa: Radiolucent depression between alveolar ridge and mental ridge Mental ridge and Mental fossa Mental ridge and Mental fossa Quiz # 3 Nutrient Canals Nutrient Canals Mandible Maxilla Moore & Dalley Moore & Dalley Moore & Dalley Pterygoid hamulus Maxillary left molar periapical Hamulus Maxillary tuberosity Wall of the maxillary sinus Zygomatic process of maxilla Maxillary right molar periapical Coronoid process Zygomatic process of maxilla Wall of maxillary sinus Maxillary right molar periapical Zygomatic process of maxilla Zygoma Coronoid process Walls and septa of maxillary sinus Which side is this? Coronoid process Wall of maxillary sinus Root tip?? Zygomatic process of maxilla Zygoma Zygomatic process of maxilla Zygoma Coronoid process Tough one! Easier… Floor of the maxillary sinus Floor / wall of the maxillary sinus Quiz Zygoma Maxillary sinus Zygomatic process Of maxilla Cheek mass Cheek mass Studio Willich Septum Neurovascular canal Neurovascular canal Maxillary left periapical Floor of nasal fossa Floor of nasal fossa Quiz: Right or left? (no need to write) So many lines… Alveolar Ridge Floor / Wall of Maxillary Sinus Zygomatic Arch (Inf. Border) Zygomatic Process of Maxilla Floor/wall of Nasal Cavity Tuberosity Hamular Notch Coronoid Process Resorption of Coronoid Process? Clinical Hamular Notch Tuberosity Maxillary Sinus • Floor of sinus extends to alveolar crest due to missing teeth Floor / Wall of Maxillary Sinus • Wavy outline of the sinus • Relatively smooth outline Nasolabial Fold/ Cheek Mass Maxillary Anterior Region Anterior Nasal Spine • Radiopaque • V-shaped Floor of Nasal Cavity • Extends bilaterally away from ANS Incisive Foramen • Variable size and shape, border • Variable position, due to angulation of x-ray beam Nasopalatine Canal • Transmits nasopalatine nerves and vessels • Terminates in incisive foramen • Not always seen Nasopalatine foramen = incisive foramen Sup. Foramina of Nasopalatine • On each side of nasal septum • Mostly seen when h vertical angle Nasal Septum • Superimposition of septal cartilage and vomer • Sometimes the septum is deviated Inferior Concha • In the nasal fossa • Away from the septum Nasal Mucosa Intermaxillary Suture • Median suture • Extends from alveolar crest through ANS, posteriorly to distal aspect of hard palate • Uniform width • Variable shape – Angulation of central ray Soft Tissue Outline of Nose Inverted Y-Line Quiz • Nasopalatine duct cyst? Occlusal Orbital Entrance of Nasolacrimal Canal
