Smart Grid to Provide Capacity Relief to

Smart Grid to Provide Capacity
Relief to Distribution Utilities
Jim Blackman & ML Chan
Quanta Technology, LLC
Raleigh, NC 27607
September 8, 2008
Agenda
Introducing Quanta Services & Quanta Technology
Smart Grid Overview
Capacity-Relief Smart Grid Applications
Technology
architecture
Functionalities
Benefits
Industry
Experience
Implementation Roadmap
Discussion
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 2
Quanta Services
The largest North American consulting, engineering, construction firm
specialized in serving the energy and telecommunications industries
Over 16,000 employees and $3.1 B in 2007 revenue (annualized)
In Canada with Allteck (Vancouver) and EHV Underground
(Toronto)
T&D Primary Services:
Consulting, Planning, Design and Engineering
Construction and EPC Projects
Maintenance and Testing
Emergency Restoration
Outsourcing
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 3
Quanta Services - Organization
Quanta
Services
Electric & Gas
Allteck Line Contractors
Arby Construction
Bradford Brothers
Dashiell
Dillard Smith Construction
InfraSource Underground
Irby Construction
MJ Electric
Mears Group
North Houston Pole Line
PAR Electric
Potelco
Quanta Energized Services
Quanta Government Solutions
Quanta Technology
RA Waffensmith
Realtime Utility Engineers
Sumter Utilities
Telecom & Cable
Blair Park/Sunesys
Driftwood Electrical
Fiber Technologies
Golden State Utility
HL Chapman Pipeline
Manual Brothers
North Sky Communications
Pauley Construction
Professional Teleconcepts
Spalj Construction
Trawick Construction
Underground Construction
VCI Telecom
WC Communications
Ancillary Services
Croce Electric
Intermountain Electric
Mears Group
The Ryan Company
Wireless
Advanced Technologies
Conti Communications
Global Enercom
Spectrum Construction
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 4
Quanta Technology’s Services
Strategic infrastructure planning and asset
management
Equipment condition, design and maintenance
standards assessment
System protection and automation
“Smart Grid” development
Enterprise systems integration
Sustainable energy portfolio assessment
Staff training
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 5
Quanta Technology Smart Grid Offerings
Business Case studies
Roadmap development
Enterprise system design and acquisition
consulting
System acceptance testing & commissioning
Process change analysis
Implementation of Smart Grid applications
Holding company, Quanta Services, provides EPC
services
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 6
Quanta Technology Consultant Experience
in Smart Grid
PG&E
Duke
Energy
SCE
ComEd
Puget Sound Energy
Alinta
BGE
CLP
ConEd
National Grid
Dominion Energy
PEPCO Holding
Benton PUD
(Australia)
(Hong Kong)
ENMAX
BC
Hydro
Manitoba
Hydro
METC
T&D System Planning & Technology Studies
Load Forecasting
AMI / Demand Side Management/Load Management
System Automation Planning & Implementation
Enterprise IT System
Knowledge Transfer
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 7
Consultant
Power
System
Planning &
Load
Forecasting
AMI and
DSM/DR/LM
System
Automation,
EMS, SCADA
& DMS
IEDs &
System
Protection
Richard
Brown
X
X
X
Jim
Burke
X
X
X
ML
Chan
X
Johan
Enslin
X
Trevor
Hall
X
X
Power
Electronics
Yi
Hu
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Farid
Katiraei
X
Damir
Novosel
X
X
Edmund
Philips
X
X
John Spare
X
X
Hahn Tram
X
X
X
Eric
Udren
X
X
X
X
Bob Uluski
X
X
X
X
Lee
Willis
X
X
Bartosz
Wojszczyk
X
X
Enterprise
IT System
Regulatory
Assistance
X
X
X
Wind,
Renewables
& DG
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Page 8
What is Smart Grid?
Smart Grid is a vision for electric utilities: Utilities
and consumers will accrue values through the
convergence of power delivery and information
technologies
Applied to G, T, D and customer sectors
Not a set of shrink-wrapped solutions; the set and
scope are unique to each utility, in the context of
traditional capacity engineering and planning
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 9
Smart Grid Business Drivers: New Business Environment
T
TR
PI
N
FO
O
Y
EN
M
VE
O
PR
SG
IM
CA
RB
O
N
Asset
Management
T
VI
Demand
Response
I
CT
Renewable
Resources,
DGs & PHEVs
Operational
Efficiency
U
D
O
PR
Greenhouse
Gases
Customer
Satisfaction
System
Reliability
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
T
RELIABILITY & QUALITY OF SUPPLY
Optimal
Capacity Relief
Power
Quality
Page 10
Smart Grid leverages on enablers
“Sensors”
Communications Infrastructure
Enterprise Information Integration
Regulatory Support
Corporate Culture: A Holistic Approach
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 11
Capacity Relief Smart Grid Applications
Value – Optimal capacity to meet the load
Optimality
Lifecycle cost – investment and O&M
Service reliability
Carbon footprint
Capacities of substation transformers, feeders, and
distribution transformers (pole top & vaults)
Realized through system planning & operations
technologies
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 12
Smart Grid Capacity-Relief Technologies
Operational
Technologies
•Integrated vol/var control (IVVC)
•Substation Peak Load Mgmt
•Feeder Peak Load Mgmt
•Integration with DERs (Demand Response,
PHEVs, DGs and Renewable)
Optimal Capacity
•Sub transformers
•Feeders
•Dist. Transformers
Planning
Technologies
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
•Use of AMI meter data
•Monitored load data
•Spatial Load Forecasting
Page 13
IVVC – How It Works
DPF
Application
SCADA
Server
IVVC
Application
Voltage Reg
Controller
Line Voltage
Regulators
Feeder Locations
Substation Host
Processor
Cap Bank
Controller
PLC
Substation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 14
Acquire Field Data
Cap bank status,
feeder voltage
DPF
Application
SCADA
Server
IVVC
Application
Voltage Reg
Controller
Feeder voltage and
load, regulator tap
position
Load, voltage, real
and reactive power,
tap position
Line Voltage
Regulators
Feeder Locations
Substation Host
Processor
Cap bank
stage “A” and
“B” status
Bus voltage,
tap position
Cap Bank
Controller
PLC
Substation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 15
Run Powerflow Calcs
DPF
Application
DPF
Results
IVVC
Application
SCADA
Server
Real time
field data
Voltage Reg
Controller
Line Voltage
Regulators
Feeder Locations
Substation Host
Processor
Cap Bank
Controller
PLC
Substation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 16
Determine Optimal Solution
DPF
Application
DPF
Results
SCADA
Server
IVVC
Application
Optimal
switching plan
for cap banks,
LTC and reg
Voltage Reg
Controller
Line Voltage
Regulators
Feeder Locations
Substation Host
Processor
Cap Bank
Controller
PLC
Substation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 17
Execute optimal switch plan
DPF
Application
SCADA
Server
Switch
bank on/off
IVVC
Application
Voltage Reg
Controller
Raise/Lower
Taps
Optimal
switching plan
Line Voltage
Regulators
Feeder Locations
Substation Host
Processor
Switch bank
stage A/B
on/off
Raise/Lower
Taps
Cap Bank
Controller
PLC
Substation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 18
Benefits of IVVC
Reduce line losses (energy kWh); carbon footprint
benefits
Reduce capacity needs (kW)
Maintain satisfactory delivery voltage to customers
Could be ~ 2% lower kWh losses; ~4% capacity
reduction
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 19
Implementation Challenges/Opportunities
Utilities in SE USA and West Canada
Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS
Communications with all field devices (feeder &
substations)
Can leverage AMI meters for End-of-Line voltage
readings; has been a barrier for IVVC
implementation
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 20
Feeder Peak Load Management
Objective: Reduce peak demand on
feeders/substations by periodically shifting load
between connected feeders to achieve better balance
Must have significant load diversity between feeders
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© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
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Feeder Peak Load Management - Benefits
Reduction of peak demand on individual substations
Defer capacity addition
Reduce individual substation demand charges
Reduction of peak demand on individual feeders;
could be 5%, depending on customer mix
Reduction of electrical losses
Total losses with balanced load < Total losses with one
heavily loaded feeder and one lightly loaded feeder
Reduced kVA demand as a result
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 22
Substation Peak Load Management
Similar technology solution as for Feeder Peak Load
Management
Takes advantage of load diversities among substation
transformer banks
Similar types of benefits
Defer substation capacity
Reduce demand charges at substations
Benefits depend on the degree of load diversities;
could be ~ 5% demand reduction
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 23
Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management
DMS/SCADA
System
ST Load
Forecasting
Distribution Power
Flow
Substation Peak
Load Mgmt
Feeder Peak Load
Mgmt
IVVC
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5
4
3
2
1
0
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L9
Data concentrator
Substation 2
Substation 1
Data concentrator
T1
R B1
B8 R
AS9
F2
S
F10
R7 R
L2
Distribution
Transformer
L1
L10
T2
F3
L3
L7
Communications Network
L8
L11
F11
F4
L12
F12
S15
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
L4
L5
S56
L6
n.o. S67
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Implementation Challenges/Opportunities
Western utility in USA
Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS
Communications with all field devices (feeder &
substations)
Lacking time-synchronized loading data for
forecasting loading factors
Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management need
to be coordinated
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 25
System Configuration for IVVC, Feeder & Substation
Peak Load Management
Public Internet
Access
Application Server
Application Server
Application Server
SOA Bus
Virtual
Data Mart
Non-operational Data
EMS or
DMS
Operationa
l Data
Line Automation
Devices &
Metering
Data
Concentrators
IEDs and Meters at
Substations
Data
Concentrators
AMI Meters
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 26
Integration with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) Demand Response, DGs, PHEVs & Renewable
Demand Response (DR) shifts peak load
Direct control of end-use loads (e.g., AC, WH)
Critical Peak Pricing/Real-Time Pricing/TOD Rates
Renewable (wind, solar PV) & DGs with energy
storage
PHEVs as energy supply sources for customers
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 27
Integrating DERs
Advanced Monitoring,
Communications & Control
Energy Storage
Customer
Portal
Advanced
Monitoring,
Communications
& Control
Dynamic
Systems
Control
PHEV
Distribution
Operations
Data
Management
Distributed
Generation
& Storage
Smart
End-Use
Devices
Courtesy of EPRI for source image
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 28
Communications Infrastructure for Integration of DERs
External
Data Access
AMI Mgmt
Mgmt
AMI
System
System
Field Crew
3rd Parties
Customers
Back-Office
& Operational
Systems
Web
Access
Back Haul
Communication
AMI Config &
Maintenance
Meter Data
Data
Meter
Mgmt Sys
Sys
Mgmt
Access
Communication
Meters &
Premise
Gateways
Home Area
Network
Bi-directional
R/T Access
Utility
Wide
Comm.
Neighborhood
Neighborhood
Aggregation
Aggregation
Monitoring
SA, DA, AM
Local
Comm.
PG
PG
Monitoring,
DA, AM
DG
DA, AM,
DSM/DR
System Ops,
Power Mgmt & DSM
T&D Equipment
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Distribution Equipment
Page 29
Smart Grid Technologies for Integrating DERs
AMI System
Residential
Residential // C&I
C&I
Fixed
Fixed Networks
Networks
AMI meters with HAN
Zigbee for communications
Home energy management system with smart charger
system for PHEVs
Smart appliances & smart thermostats
Microgrid interface controller
Customer Portal Systems for energy management
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 30
Benefits with DERs & Industry Experience
DR programs
~ 5-10% peak load reduction
<1% energy saving; minor reduction of carbon footprint
Hard to forecast the end-use load shapes with high
certainty
PHEVs, DG and Renewable
kW reduction depends on resource penetration & behavior
Smartness of controllers
Industry experience still limited
Need accurate and robust load shape forecast by
small areas
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 31
Spatial Load Forecasting
With
AMI metering
With
end-use load shape data
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 32
Spatial Load Forecasting Model
Small area load forecast, taking into account
neighboring area dynamics
Top down hierarchical approach for forecasting –
region, area, sub-area, sub-subarea, small area
Bottom-up analysis to determine the curve fit for
each area’s forecast
Geo-structure data; integrated with GIS
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 33
Start with Small Area Data
More
analysis.
Compare
to system
total
etc.
b- a
su are
to ll
te ma
ca s
llo &
A s
ea
ar
Ag
g
an reg
d at
An e
al d a
yz ta
e
Summary: Bottom-Up Analysis: Top Down Forecast
End with Small Area Forecast
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 34
Resulting Load Forecast for Each Area
20+ year planning horizon
AMI meters provide excellent load database; even
end-use based
End-uses for PHEVs, rooftop PVs, DR programs,
data centers
MVA
Horizon year load
Load history
A
Time
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 35
Benefits from Spatial Load Forecasting
Reduce error margin (e.g., from about 6% to 3%);
substantial capital investment savings
Challenges
Appropriate input data gaps
Easy to use and properly designed tools
Utilities begin to appreciate the value of Spatial Load
Forecasting
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 36
Harvesting Capacity Values from AMI Systems
AMI meter data allows for
Transformer load management system
More accurate loading data at various times for tighter
margin load forecast
Major capacity benefits
Value of information
AMI system infrastructure enables these Smart Grid
capacity-related applications and other additional
ones
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 37
What should Ontario utilities do next?
Conduct a Smart Grid business case study for each
utility to establish a strategy
Develop a Smart Grid roadmap
System specification, acquisition, development
management, acceptance testing and commissioning for
various systems
Field program deployment
Training and maintenance support
Need to be integrated with other Smart Grid
applications to implement the Smart Grid solutions;
open system architecture and standard
communications protocol
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 38
Challenges Facing Utilities in Smart Grid
Confusing as to what Smart Grid is about; thus
having difficulty to start
Technology-focused; not value-driven
Need to develop a business case, and then a
roadmap
Implement by integrating with legacy equipment and
systems
Open system standard and communications
protocols
Continue to plan for “dumb” capacity projects, and
to harden the systems
© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Page 39
Thank You