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I "COMET"
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"Comet," :first passenger steamboat, 173,
p icture, 1969.
Comfrey (kum'fre), flower, picture, 527.
Comic opera, 2699.
Comino (k o-rne'no), isl., 2299.
Comitadji (k orn-i-tii'zhe). Lawless bands of
Bulgarian fighter .. ; during the World
War t h ey a cted with t h e Bulgarian army
in the Balkan operations.
Comi' tia centuria' ta, Rom. assembly, 3113.
Comitia tribu' ta, Rom. assembly, 3114.
Comma, mark of punctuat ion, 2994.
Comma butterfly, picture, 629.
Commander, Brit. naval officer whose rank
is n ext b elow captain.
Commander or Kommander Islands, group
of isls. in Bering Sea, belonging to
R ussia ; seal fisheries, 3241.
Commander-in-Chief. Formerly the highest position in the Brit. army, abolish ed
in 1904; d1uin g t imes of war the officer
commanding the army in the field receives the title.
Commandments, The Ten, 2483.
Commen' sal, a living organism which
forms partnership with anoth er, 1006.
See also in I ndex Symbiosis.
Commerce, 926- 43 ; banking, 348- 9 ; beginnings in barter, 905; Board of Trade,
478; cable systems, ~39-46; comm ercial
rivalry a factor in international politics,
943, (Africa) 57, (Asia) 249, 2727,
3264- 5, (E. Indies) 1188, (Mediterranean) 2377- 8, (Near East and · Balkans) 319, 326, 1979, (petroleum) 2678,
(Punic Wars) 3115- 6, 733, (World
War) 1347, 3790 ; consular ser vice,
952 ; drugs, 1142 ; Europe, 1343 ;
modern fa irs, 3148, 1366, 2173; geographical influences, 1338, 2635, 1773,
1691- 2; Gr eat Lakes, map , 1689; ships
and ocean routes, 3279- 85, 3432, 2377,
maps, 288; S. Amer ., 3334- 5; trans• porta tion, 3565- 6; U .S.A., 2635;
weights and m easures, 3737- 8.
H isto1·y, ancient : Carthage, 7 33- 4 ;
Crete, 25, 26; E gypt, 96; Greece, 1691,
1692, 1695; Oriental, 1929, 246, 2757,
3296, 3433, 3482 ; Phoonicians, 2845,
3546; Rome, 3116- 8, 3296.--JWediceval
and mode1·n : Arabs, 2444, 2814; effect
of Cru sad es~ 1027; fairs and markets,
1366 ; F la nders, 405, 416 ; fur trade,
1530, 1881, 3630; guilds: 1741; Hanseatic L eague, 1 772 ; It. cities, 1548,
3667- 9, 1002; pu·acy, 2887; Portugal,
2941, 1532- 3; slave trade, 3305; spice
and sugar trade, 1188, 3367, 3433;
U.S.A. clipper trade with Far East, 249,
3280. See also in I ndex Exploration ; Trade routes ; Transportation ; and
names of chief commercial cit ies,
countries, and products.
Commercial geography, 1567.
Commines (ko-men'), Philippe de (1445 ?1511 ?). Fr. historian, called " first
. truly modern writer " (" l\1:emoirs," one
of classics of history).
Committee of Public Safety, Fr., 1512,
3098- 9.
Commodore, temporary rank in Brit.
nav3' .
Com' modus, Lucius lEiius Aurelius (A .D.
161- 192), Rom. emperor 180- 192, son
of Marcus AuTelins ; a brutal tyrant,
h e was assassinated.
Common carriers, 3566.
" Commoner, The Great," Nickname of
William P itt the elder.
Common law, origin of, 2158.
Common Pleas, Court of, 1004.
Commons, House of, in Brit. Parl., 2786- 7,
2469, 1638, 1655, pictures, 1637,
1640- 1; in Canadia n P ari. , 684.
Commonwealth, The, in E n g. (1649- 59),
1020, 2427.
Com'mune of Paris (1871), 1499, 2783.
Commu' nion. See in I ndex Eucharist.
Com'munism, form of social organization,
3319; in Russia, 3147, 3170, 3319; in
Serbia, 3249.
Com'munist Manifesto, 2355.
Com'mutator, in electric motors, 1247; in
dynamo, 1154, picture, 1154.
Como (ko' rno), beautiiul la ke in N. It. at
foot of Alps, 55t sq. m. , city of Como
(pop. 48,000) at s . extremity, 25 m. N .
of Milan; p ictures, 1564, 2026; Castle
of Balbia n ello, p icture, 2021.
Corn' oro Islands, group of small isls. in
Moza mbique Channel, 217 4.
Company, unit in an army; it consists of
four platoons in the Brit. army, and
comprises 6 offi cers and 221 men ; its
strength h as varied in the past.
Comparative anatomy, 1353.
Comparison, of adjective, 21 ; of adverb,
23.
.
Compass, mariner's, 943- 4; gyToscopic,
1753; importance of, 2556- 8, 3565.
Compass plants, name given to cer tain
plants whose leaves point N . and s. to
obtain n ecessary ligh t; the Australian
eucalyptus is an example.
Compensating pendulum, 2807.
Compiegne (kon-pyen'), Fr., historic tn.
in N . on r. Oise, pop. 17,000 ; Joan of
Arc taken prisoner by Eng., 1430 ;
h eadquarters of Ger. army 1870- 1 ;
taken by Germa ns 1914 ; objective of
1918 offensive, 3814.
Complementary colours, 920.
Complex sentence, 3247.
Compluten' sian Polyglot Bible, 434.
Composit~ (k om-poz'i-te), family of plants
with composite flowers, 1440 ; typical
floral structure, 253.
Composition, in painting, 1384-8.
Compositor, 2584.
Compostella (kom -p·os-tel 'ltt), Sp. Same as
Santiago de Compostella.
Compound, in chemistry, 813- 4.
Compound eye, an eye composed of numerous simple eyes, 1957, p ictures, 1361 ;
of dragon-fly, 1130; of drone b ee, 393.
Compound leaves, 2171.
Compound microscope, 2399.
Compound sentence, 3247.
Compound steam engines, 3407- 8.
Compressed air, 77- 8; in diving apparatus,
1119; in glass-blowing, 1615; in tunnel
constructionJ 3601.
Compressed air appliances, 2917, 77- 8.
Com'promise of 1850, name given to an
agreement between the slavery and antislavery parties in the U .S.A., su ggested
by H enry Clay, "th e Gr eat Pacificator."
Compton (kum't 6n), Edward (1854- 1918).
Eng. a ctor, son of H enry Compton, who
first appeared in London in 1877 at
Drury Lane ; founded the Ed ward
Compton Company which toured the
country for about 30 years ; Fay
Compton, the actress, is his daughter ,
and Compton Mackenzie, the author, his
son.
Compton, Henry (1805- 77). Eng. actor,
father of Edward Compton, whose r eal
name was Charles Mack enzi e ; h e was
most successful as a Shakespear ean
clown.
Compton Wyniates (wi n'ytits), castle in
Warwicksh ire, Eng., 3716.
Compurga' tion, trial by, 2075.
Computing scale, 213.
Comte (kont), Auguste (1798- 1857), F r .
philosopher, founder of P ositivist school
of philosophy, 3320, 262; quoted, 1506.
Comus (ko'mus). In late Gk. myth., god
of r evelry ; in Milton's great poem, enchanter, son of Circe, who, like h er,
offers a brutalizing dra ught to travellers,
to accomplish their ruin.
" Comus," poem by Milton, 2426, 2428.
Concave lens, 2176, 3362.
Concave mirror, 2438.
Concepcion (k on-sep-sion'), Chile. City on
Bio-bio R ., 8 m. from Bay of Con cepcion ; pop. 67,000 ; trade centre for
agricultuTal r egion ; 4 times destroyed
by earthquake.
Concepcion (Villa Con cepcion), tn. and r.
port of Paraguay ; p op. 25,000.
Concerto (kan-cher'to), musical composition, 2514.
Conch, or concha, in architecture, t erm for
the con cave ribless surface of a vault ;
also a n apse or the dome of an apse.
Conciergerie (kon-sy e1·-zhe-re'), prison in
P aris, 2332.
" Conciliation with the Colonies," Burke's
speech on, 618.
Conoilium plebis (k on-sil'i-um pleb'i s), assembly in anc. Rome, 3113.
Con'clave, 2768.
Concord, N.H., U.S.A., cap. of state, on
Merrimack R. ; pop. 22,1 67 ; granite:
silverwar e, electrical appliances.
Key to Pronunciation-Cape, dt, far, fast,
CONGREVEI
sw~t, f~ll;
Concord Bridge, battle, pictu1·e, 1920.
Concor' dat, a type of treaty, 3586; Fr.
(1801), 492.
Concorde (kon-korcl'), Place de la, Paris,
picture, 2781.
Concrate, building mat erial, 944; cement,
778; con struction , 608, pictures, 608.
Conde (kon-dti'), Louis I de Bourbon,
Prince of (1530- 69), Fr. gen eral and
Huguenot leader , 912.
Conde, Louis 11 de Bourbon, Prince of
(1621- 86), called " The Great Conde."
Fr. gen eral ; won victory of Rocroy,
1643, which ended Span. and began Fr.
military predominance, p i ctu're, 21Q8.
Con' dell, Henry (d. 1627), En g. actor associated with Shakesp eare, 3258, 3260.
Condensa' tion of water vap our, 890.
Condensed milk, 2424.
Condenser, gas, p ictu,re, 1543 ; in radio
apparatus, 3770.
Condensing steam engines, 3407-8.
Condens'ite, a plastic material, 896, 776.
Condillac (kon-de- yttk'). Etienne Bonnot
de (1715-80). F r. philosoph er ; m emb er of Fr ench Academy.
Con' diments and spices, 3367-8.
Condor (kon' dO?-), large Andean vulture,
945, 3690 ; youn g, 455.
Condorcet (kon-dOr-sa/), Marie Jean Carita.t,
Marquis de (1743-94). Fr. matheInatician, philosopher , and revolutionist ;
as member of L egislative Assembly laid
foundation of Fr. educational system.
Condottieri (kan-dot-tya're ),
mercenary
forces, 13th to 15th cents., 232.
Conduction of heat, 1815.
Conductiv' ity, electrical, 1233; affected
by radioactivity, 3032; silver, 3300.
Condy's fluid, 2332.
Cone, of coniferous trees, 2884, 2886.
Cone, of volca no, 3687.
Cone-bearing trees. See i n I ndex Conifers.
Cone shell, picture, 3271.
Coney Island, seaside r esort of New York
City, of which it is a p art , pict'u,re, 2589.
Confec'tionery, chocolate bars, 855; food
value, 1454 ; glucose in, 1620.
Confederate States of America, name by
which t hose st ates which broke from
the union in 1860- 1 were known; S.
Car olina was t h e first to act ; foreign
rela tions, 1611; Robert E . Lee, 2171-2;
Lincoln's attitude, 2194.
Confirmation, Church sacrament, by which
one is admitted into full ChUI·ch m emb ership.
" Confirmation of the Charters,'' in En g.
history, 120 3.
Confu' cianism, commonly called a r e1igion,
system of ethics taught by Confucius,
946, 3056, 846; in J apan, 2040;
number of adherents, 3056.
Confucius (kon-fu'shius), (551-479 B.O.),
Chin ese philosoph er, founder of Confucianism, 945, 3056.
Conger eel, a large salt-water type, 1206,
135.
Congo, Freneh. See in I ndex French
Equatorial Africa.
Congo marsh buck, picture, 2309.
Congo River, Africa, · 4th longest r. in
world ; length, 3, 000 m. ; 946-7;
basin, 42 ;
Stanley's explorations,
3401, 48; tributaries, 44; upper
course discovered by Livingstone, 2209,
48.
Congo State, Belgian colony of equatorial
Africa ; 910,000 sq. m. ; pop. 8,500,000 ;
947, 57, map s, 58, 947; formed, 3401;
jungles and animal life, 43; rubber,
3137.
Congrega' tionalism, a r eligious denomination ;
world m embership about
1,425,000 ; 2995, 3056.
Congregations, Roman,
administrative
commissions to aid Pope, 2767 .. 8,
1938.
Congress, Library of, 3722, picture, 3634.
Congress Ha11, Philadelphia, 2835.
Congress of the United States, the legislative branch of the govt. of U .S.A.,
composed of Senate and House of
R epresentatives, capitol, picture, 3721 ;
library, pictu,re, 3643; powers, 3651 •
Con' greve, William (1670- 1729), Eng.
dramatist, one of greatest writers of
comedy ; plots are intricate, charact ers
often gross and h eartless, but brilliant
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me, y et, fern, there; i ce, bit; row, not, for, won, d .Q ; cure, b'llt,
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