GTS2012-Cenozoic

Paleogene and Neogene Time Scale of GTS 2012
Paleogene
Neogene
N. Vandenberghe , F.J. Hilgen and R.P. Speijer
1
2
F.J. Hilgen , L.J. Lourens and J.A. Van Dam
3
1
1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected]
2. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected]
3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaal 200E, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected]
NP8
P4
Paleocene
59.2
60
CP7
Globanomalina
pseudomenardii
P4
CP6
NP7
b
SBZ3
NP6
Selandian
C26
61.6
a
Sel1
P3
P2
b Igorina albeari
P3
a
P2
NP4
CP3
compressa
C28
P1
b
65
C29
Pa
P0
SBZ1
P1
Pa
P0
Subbotina
triloculinoides
a Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina
NP3
NP2
P. eugubina
Globotruncana
NP1
CP2
CP1
Heliolithus kleinpellii
Chiasmolithus
danicus
Cruciplacolithus
tenuis
Biantholithus sparsus;
Calcisphere FLOOD
Micula murus,
other Cret. nannos
RP(SH)
Phormocyrtis
7
striata
exquisita
Bekoma bidartensis
RP6c
Stylotrochus nitidus,
Pterocodon (?) poculum
D3
b
RP6a
RP(SH)
6
Buryella
pentadica
Cerodinium
depressum
b
Damassadiniium
californicum
Alterbidinium
circulum
Palaeocystodinium
D2 a
bulliforme
Spiniferites
cryptovesiculatus
c
D1
Xenicodinium
lubricum
Spongodinium
delitiense
b Tectadodinium
rugulatum
a
Carpatella cornuta
RP(SH)
4
Alisocysta
reticulata
Carpatella
cornuta
Palynodinium grallator
Cf3
Cf2
Cf1
Ti6
Buryella foremanae
RP(SH)
3
Buryella granulata
RP(SH) 2 Amphisphaera kina
RP(SH)1
Amphisphaera aotea
To2
To1
Pu2/3
Pu1
Plesiadapis
anceps
Plesiadapis,
Phenacodus
Pantolestidae,
Nyctitheriidae
Pantolambda,
Deltatherium,
Mixodectes
PE I
MP6
Perissodactyla,
Artiodactyla,
Oxyaenidae,
Coryphodon
Primates,
Rodentia
Liotomus
Ples. rex
Tetraclaenodon,
Mixodectes
Deltatherium
Menat LF
Plesiadapis
Protungulatum,
Purgatorius
Catopsalis, Protungulatum
Fontllonga 3 LF
Hainina
Spreading rate (km/myr)
Mioc.
Oligocene
Pleist.
Plio.
Eocene
δ C
(Keller &
Lindinger, 1989)
ELPE - MPBE
Taizicun
LF
Sinostylops
IZ
Asiostylops
IZ
Tiupampan
Selandian
Peligran
60
61.6
C
LDE
Danian
DAN-C2
K/Pg impact
66.0
Cretaceous
5
Ni-rich
spinels
max: 200/mg
0
GSSP
Iridium
max: 18ng/g
0.01 0.1
-5
10 100
δ C
-1
-10
m
1
13
0
1
Clay
Marl
Shale
N22
Carrosio
Casa Rocchetta
Canavila River
Piacenza
GSSP
N4.1
R-3
N-3
R-2
20
m
35
40
N-2
R-1
45
50
Calcareous Planktonic &
NannoBenthonic
fossils
Foraminifera
Sphenolithus
neoabies
25
30
B
Sphenolithus
conicus
Sphenolithus
delphix
15
1.81
Gelasian
2.59
Piacenzian
3.6
C2
Serravallian
13.82
Langhian
PL5 Atl.
C2A
C3
N20/
N21
Chiropteridium
spp.
Sphenolithus
capricornutus
20.44
Ectosphaeropsis
burdigalenesis
Aquitanian
C3B
C4A
C5A
M13
23.03
N-1
Paleogene
N16
G. pseudomiocenica
(Indo-Pac.)
G. miocenica (Atl.)
NN18
NN17
M12
N14
M11
N12
C5B
N9
N8
M8
Sphaeroidinellopsis
Globorotalia seminulina (Pac.)
tumida (Pac.)
Globorotalia
margaritae
Globorotalia
tumida (Atl.)
Globoturborotalita
nepenthes
Globorotalia
Globoquadrina
miotumida
dehiscens
b
Neogloboquadrina
acostaensis
N7
NN10
Paragloborotalia
mayeri
Globoturborotalita
nepenthes
Fohsella
fohsi
Fohsella
robusta
M7
M6
Fohsella
peripheroacuta
M4
N6
a
Orbulina
suturalis
Nicklithus
amplificus
Amaurolithus
primus
CN8
SBZ26
NN9
CN7
NN8
CN6
Discoaster
hamatus
b
Discoaster
kugleri
Hystrichosphaeropsis
obscura
Barssidium
evangelinae
a
Helicosphaera
ampliaperta
NN4
RN11a
RN10
Phormostichoartus fistula
b
Didymocyrtis penultima
Achomosphaera
andalousiensis
Achomosphaera alcicornu
Unipontidinium
aquaeductum
RN5
Unipontidinium
aquaeductum
Dorcadospyris alata
Cousteaudinium
aubryae
Labyrinthodinium
truncatum
RN3
Sumatradinium
druggi
Triquetrorhabdulus
carinatus
Exochosphaeridium
insigne
"Paragloborotalia"
kugleri
b Globoquadrina
M1
dehiscens
SBZ23
RN2
RN1
CN1
Sumatradinium
soucouyantae
D16
Discoaster
druggi
NN1
NP25
Stichocorys wolffii
Theocyrtis
annosa
c
NN2
SBZ24
Dorcadospyris
dentata
RN4
Calocycletta
(Calocyclissima) costata
Sphenolithus
belemnos
Sphenolithus
belemnos
CP19
Diartus hughesi
Tor1
a
CN2
Diartus hughesi
Diartus
petterssoni
D17
SBZ25
Stichocorys
delmontensis
RN8
Palaeocystodinium sp. A
(Costa&Downie, 1979)
CN3
NN3
Me2
RN6
Apteodinium
spiridoides
Globigeriantella
insueta s.str.
Catapsydrax
dissimilis
Phormostichoartus doliolum
verricula
Sphenolithus
heteromorphus
Praeorbulina
sicana
Stichocorys peregrina
RN7
c Gramocysta
D18 b
CN4
RN11b
Stichocorys
peregrina
Amiculosphaera
umbraculum
NN6
NN5
Anthocyrtidium jenghisi
a
NN7
CN5
Pterocanium prismatium
Palaeocystodinium
golzowense
Catinaster
coalitus
Discoaster
kugleri
Anthocyrtidium angulare
RN12a
Selenopemphix
armageddonensis
Discoaster
hamatus
Stylatractus universus
RN9
a
Discoaster
berggrenii
Collosphaera
tuberosa
LGM
Barssidinium
evangelinae
D. quinqueramus D20
Nicklithus
amplificus
Buccinosphaera invaginata
Reticulatosphaera
actinocoronata
Amaurolithus
primus
Fohsella birnageae
a "Paragloborotalia"
kugleri
Spiniferites cf.
pseudofurcatus
D19
M2
N4
Ceratolithus
acutus
Invertocysta
tabulata
b Operculodinium
tegillatum
Discoaster
tricorniculatus
Discoaster
quinqueramus
Globigerinatella
sp.
N5
C6AA
CN10
Ceratolithus
rugosus
a
RN17
RN16
RN15
RN14
RN12b
Discoaster surculus
Praeorbulina
glomerosa s.str.
M3
C6A
NN13
R T
RN13
Spiniferites
pachyderma
D21
Discoaster tamalis
Discoaster
asymmetricus
Reticulofenestra
(FCO)
pseudoumbilicus
CN11
NN11
Globorotalia
lenguaensis
(Atl.only)
Tectatodinium
pellitum
Discoaster
brouweri
Gephyrocapsa spp.
(=bmG event)
Discoaster
pentaradiatus
CN12
alt
NN11a CN9
Fohsella
fohsi
a
b
NN15
NN14
CN13
G. lenguaensis
Fohsell
"praefohsi"
M5
NN16
NN12
a Praeorbulina sicana
b
C5E
C6C
M10
M9
Dentoglobigerina
altispira (Pac.)
Globorotalia
plesiotumida
a
N15
C5AA
C5AB N11
C5AC N10
C5AD
b
N17
N13
C6B
Sphenolithus
delphix
M14
C3A
C6
20
b
PL4 Atl.
D. altispira (Atl.)
Globorotalila
PL5 Pac.
miocenica
(Atl.)
PL4 Pac
S. seminulina
N18/ PL1
N19 Atl.
N17b
C5D
Burdigalian
NN19
PL3
PL2
C5C
Bloom of
Deflandrea spp.
Globigerinoides
fistulosus
a
spp. reentrance
(reemG event)
MegaCycles
Radiolarians
Northwestern Europe
c Spiniferites elongatus
Globorotalia tosaensis
PL6
Zanclean
15.97
Dinoflagellates
Pt1
Calcareous Nannofossils
NN21 CN15 Emiliania huxleyi
Pseudoemiliania
NN20
CN14 Gephyrocapsa
lacunosa
Not named
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Quaternary Period
Calabrian
C1
Dinoflagellate Cysts
Reticulofenestra bisecta
(>10 micron)
Deflandrea
phosphoritica
b Invertocysta
tabulata
a
Membranophoridium aspinatum
Cyrtocapsella
tetrapera
RP22
Aq1
C
Global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the
Aquitanian Stage and Paleogene/Neogene boundary at
Lemme-Carrosio, Italy, showing section (A), location (B) and
log and magnetobiostratigraphic data (C).
The base Danian GSSP located at El Kef in Tunisia (B). Photograph (A) in Ogg et al. (2008)
and stratigraphic data (C) from Molina et al. (2006).
65
Bemalambda IZ
Iridium
background
level
<0.02ng/g
10
59.2
A
Sfax
55
56.0
375
Genova
Lemme-Carrosio Section
Planktonic
foraminifera
0.78 Ionian
Larger
Benthic
Foram.
b
11.61
B. Camporeso
GSSP
Kalaat
Senan
Ni-rich spinel
in crystals and
Iridium in ng/g
(Robin &
Rocchia, 1998)
Planktonic Foraminifera
Tarantian
10
Casa Carezzani
dd
Alessandria
Sousse
Elles
Tunisia
R iv
er
Globoquadrina
dehiscens
13
GSSP
0.126
5.33
Miocene
N
C6Br C6Bn
ETM2
Thanetian
Holoc.
Polarity
Chron
C5
Po
C6B
B
El Kef
Section
Riochican
Epoch/Age
(Stage)
Tortonian
Ricoi
Bergamo
Milano
El Kef
A
PETM
0
Neogene
Age (Ma)
Hsandagolian
50
Ypresian
Hainin LF Adapisoriculidae
Bizerte
Tunis
EECO
MP 1-5
100km
Novara
Itaboraian
Arctocyon,
Adapisorex,
Walbeck LF Pantolestidae
Casa Sciotra
Mediterranean
Dipsalidictis
fransiens
Liotomus,
Hainina,
Neoplagiaulax,
Adapisorex,
Arctocyon
e
Paragloborotalia
kugleri
Oxyaena gulo
Paleocene
Headonian
Ulangochuian Ergilian
0
Ples. churchilli
Plesiadapis
anceps
Pantolambda,
Catopsalis,
Paromomys
47.8
N
Uvigerina spinicostata
MP7
Dipsalidictis transiens
Paromomys,
Tetraclaenodon
Purgatorius,
Periptychus
Sharamurunian
Suevian
Ti3
PE II
P. simonsi
Plesiadapis simonsi
Dinocerata,
Oxyaenidae,
Plesiadapis rex
Ti1
To3
Arfia junnei
Primates, Artiodactyla,
Arctostylopida,
Perissodactyla
Plesiadapis
Coryphodon,
Rodentia
P. gingerichi
Plesiadapis gingerichi
Plesiadapis
churchilli
Oxyaena gulo
Dipsalidictis
transiens
Dipsalidictis
transiens
Probathyopsis
PE III
Oxyaena gulo
Oxyaena gulo
Ti4
Ti2
RP(SH)
5
Buryella tetradica
tetradica
Spiniferites
cf. supparus
Senoniasphaera
inornata
Bekoma
campechensis
Wa0-M
Ti5
RP6b
Peritiviator (?)
dumitricai
Wa3
Wa2
Wa1
Eucosmodontidae
MP8-9
Casa Campagnola
GSSP of the Danian Stage of the Paleogene System
at El Kef, Tunisia
ETM3
AGE
(Ma)
GSSP of the Aquitanian Stage of the Miocene Series
at Lemme-Carrosio, Italy.
Formation
RP7
Wa4
Chiroptera,
Orohippus
Tabenbulakian
other
zones
ELMA
Arvernian
Arikareean
Orellan
Podocyrtis
papalis
Apectodinium
augustum
Palaeocystodinium
a Alisocysta margarita
bulliforme
a
Ellipsolithus
macellus
Whitneyan
RP(SH)
8
Isabelidium?
viborgense
Fasciculithus
tympaniformis
Chadronian
Lychnocanium
auxilla
Wa5
Heptodon
Hyrachyidae
80
C4
C6Cn2n
Phelodinium
magnificum
Areoligera gippingensis
Fasciculithus 2nd radiation
Morozovella
angulata
c Globanomalina
Danian
Cretaceous
CP4
SBZ2
Praemurica
uncinata
C27
66.0
Parasubbotina
variospira
NP5
Wetzeliella
astra
Apectodinium
augustum
a
Discoaster mohleri
CP5
Cerodinium
wardenense
Wetzeliella
a meckelfeldensis
b
Pterocodon (?)
anteclinata
D4 b
Sel2/Th1
Globanomalina
pseudomenardii
b Dracodinium
a
simile
b
Apectodinium
c homomorphum
Discoaster multiradiatus
(common)
Discoaster nobilis
Heliolithus riedelii
Deflandrea
oebisfeldensis
Wa6
70
7.25
C6Cn
Campylosphaera eodela
solidum
Buryella clinata
60
la Centuriona
Multituberculata
Plesiadapis,
Coryphodon,
Oxyaenidae,
Hyopsodus
50
Messinian
Rigoroso
C25
SBZ4
Rhomboaster spp.
Dracodinium
solidum
c Dracodinium
45
Propachynolophus
levei
Lophiodontidae
Brontotheriidae
40
Late Cretaceous
5
C6Cn2r
Acarinina
c soldadoensis
Thanetian
CP8
D5
Wa7
PE IV
Donrussellia,
Propachynolophus
levei
30
Paleocene
The astronomical tuning of the Cenozoic geomagnetic time
scale implies a considerable variation in spreading rates for
the South Atlantic reference scale of marine magnetic
anomalies. Following a slowing in the latest Cretaceous
through Paleogene, spreading rates rose to a plateau for
late Eocene through early Miocene, then have slowed to the
present day. A similar general conclusion was apparent
from previous time scales, but with slighly shifted peaks.
C6Cr
Th5
D6
Tribrachiatus bramlettei
NP9
P5
Tribrachiatus
contortus
Dracodinium
varielongitudum
The age-distance model for C-sequence marine magnetic
anomalies in the South Atlantic incorporates astronomical
tuning for Chrons C6C through C13n, a bridging polynomial for
Chron C15n, a spline-fit to radioisotope dates for Chrons
C15r-C23r, and astronomical tuning for Chrons C24n-C29r.
Beginning of each anomaly/chron is shown as a blue dot.
Lutetian
Eocene
Neogene & Quaternary Time Scale
C6C
P5
E1
NP10
Discoaster
diastypus
Dracodinium
politum
PE V
1400
40
41.2
20
C7
E2
56.0
CP9
Charlesdowniea
coleothrypta
Lophiodon
Palaeosyops,
Omomys,
Eotitanops borealis,
Hyrachyidae
1300
Bartonian
MECO
Oligocene
Age in Ma
Neogene
Miocene
Aquitanian
Pseudohastigerina
wilcoxensis
Morozovella
velascoensis
Acarinina
sibaiyaensis
SBZ7
SBZ6
SBZ5
NP11
RP8
Coryphodon
Eotitanops
borealis
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Distance (km in S. Atlantic marine magnetic anomaly profile)
37.8
Phenacodus, Donrussellia,
Propachynolophus gaudryi
Choeropotamidae, Gliridae,
Propachynolophus gaudryi
600
10
Paleogene
Oligocene
Rupelian
E3
D7
Tribrachiatus
orthostylus
Br1a
Smilodectes
mcgrewi
500
Guembelitria alabamensis
SBZ8
a
Discoaster
lodoensis
SBZ9
E4
romanum
Br1b
70
Barrancan
Propalaeotherium
hassiacum,
Anoplotheriidae
MP10
Cretaceous
Racemiguembelina fructicosa
Plummerita hantkeninoides
P6a
NP12 CP10
D.simile
b Ochteodinium
Notharctus pugnax,
N. tenebrosus,
Smilodectes gracilis
Selandian
66.04±0.05
Algeria
SBZ10
D8
RP(SH)
9
Br2
Phenacodus,
Palaeosyops
Priabonian
Thanetian
Danian
65
El Haria Formation
E5
aff. clathrata
Tribrachiatus
orthostylus
Theocorys anaclasta
Membranilarnacia
compressa
Propalaeotherium
isselanum
61.6
Danian
c Charlesdowniea
Morozovella
formosa
C24
Areosphaeridium
diktyoplokum
MP12
60
Maastrichtian
a
Charlesdowniea
columna
Br3
35
0
Miocene
56.0
59.2
Paleocene
NP13 CP11
Theocotyle
nigriniae
RP9
Quercygale, Lophiotherium
Dictyoprora
mongolfieri
RP10 Theocotyle cryptocephala
Dracodinium
pachydermum
MP13
MP11
Hyrachyus eximius,
Uintatherium anceps
55
10
Ypresian
Combined Age Model
Upper Cretaceous
b
Discoaster
sublodoensis
(5-rayed)
E6
Morozovella
aragonensis
P6b
55
un-zoned
Dictyoprora mongolfieri
33.9
eocaenum
rhinocerodes
CRZ
Palaeotherium,
Pseudosciuridae,
Theridomyidae s.s., Propalaeotherium
isselanum
Amphimerycidae,
Plagiolophus
47.8±0.2
Paleogene
Blackites
inflatus
Ui1
Eobasileus cornutus,
Camelidae,
Merycoidodontoidea
Orohippus
Lophiodon
leptorhynchus
Pseudoltinomys
cosetanus
Oi1
15
Bartonian
Lutetian
50
20
Priabonian
45
Cretaceous
Ypresian
P7
RP(SH)
10
Dracodinium RP11
pachydermum
Morozovella
subbotinae
C23
Eusyringium lagena
Eusyringium lagena
d PhthanoperidiniumWetzeliella articulata
regalis
brevicornuta
D9 c
Bunomeryx,
Mesomeryx
Propalaeotherium,
L. stehlini,
Hyrachyidae,
Lophiodontidae,
Palaeotherium
castrense
robiacense
Oi1a
41.2±0.5
Cenozoic
P8
SBZ11
RP12
Enneadocysta
arcuata
MP15
Lophiotherium,
Quercygale
40
Rupelian
The Neogene age model has astronomical tuning “downward” relative to the Present of magnetic polarity chrons and major microfossil and nannofossil datums. Ages for other marine biostratigraphic datums, terrestrial mammal zones, stable isotope
events and sea-level trends are mainly derived from correlations to this astronomically tuned bio-magnetostratigraphic scale
25
a
50
Podocyrtis
(Podocyrtoges)
phyxis
RP(SH)
11
Ui2
ste-dep
Palaeotherium
castrense
lautricense robiacense
sideroMP16
Leptolophus
lithicum
stehlini
CRZ
Lophiodon
lautricense
MP14
Omomys,
Hyrachyus eximius,
Eobasileus cornutus,
Uintatherium
anceps
vect nanus
Isoptychus
euzetensis
Palaeotherium
magnum,
Isoptychus
euzetensis
30
A
Acarinina
cuneicamerata
Podocyrtis (L.) sinuosa
Podocyrtis (Podocyrtoges)
ampla
e
a
Yp10
Anthracotheriidae, Canidae,
Amphicyonidae, Mesohippus,
Rhinocerotidae
pseudo thaleri
P. muehlbergi
thaleri,
I. pseudosiderolithicus
37.8±0.5
Mesozoic
SBZ12
Plesiadapiformes,
Nyctitheriidae
Colodon, Soricidae,
Mytonomeryx
Eusyringium
fistuligerum
Podocyrtis (Lampterium)
mitra
RP13
MP17 b
MP17 a
Ui3
RP(SH)
12
MP18
Palaeotherium
m. medium
Palaeotherium
muehlbergi thaleri,
Isoptychus
pseudosiderolithicus
P. m. medium
Rupelian
? Vacan ? (Casamayoran)
E7
C22
NP14 CP12
Turborotalia
frontosa
Ischyromys
medium curtum
35
Oi1b
Mustersan
33.9
Cande-Kent 1995
GTS 2004
GTS 2012
m
m
Lu1
Entelodontidae, Ursidae,
Bothriodon, Poebrotherium
MP19
Xiphodontidae,
Amphimerycidae
30
The biostratigraphy of Cenozoic marine successions is well established using several microfossil groups. Calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera are the most widely used groups for biostratigraphy in open marine deposits, especially in
low- and mid-latitude settings. The reversal history of the Earth’s magnetic field has been the backbone of the Cenozoic correlations, especially between marine and terrestrial settings.
Le
47.8
Chiasmolithus
gigas
Nannotetrina
fulgens
b
P9
Cleistosphaeridium
diversisphinosum
Chiasmolithus
gigas
SBZ13
Hyopsodus
sue - fro
Rhinocerotidae,
Cricetidae,
Entelodon,
Castoridae
Chattian
28.09
Oi2
Tinguirirican
23.03 Aquitanian
25
Archaeolambda IZ
CP13
NP15
Guembelitrioides
nuttalli
Glaphyrocysta
intricata
Nannotetrina
fulgens
Blackites gladius
Morozovella
aragonensis
E8
C21
RP14
SBZ14
Du1
Multituberculata,
Apatotheria
Taeniodonta
Podocyrtis
(Lampterium) mitra
a
SBZ15
Reticulofenestra
umbilicus
Du2
Merycoidodon,
Nimravidae
MP20
Palaeotherium
20
30
Irdinmanhan
Lutetian
Lithapium mitra
Ch1
Cricetidae,
Mustelidae
Bothriodon
Bothriodon
28.1
Oi2*
Pseudosciuridae,
I. medius,
Blainvillimys helmeri,
B. helmeri
Viverridae
MP22
Paleogene Age Model
Oi2a
Blainvillimys
heimersheimensis
Issiodoromys minor
B. gregarius,
Entelodon,
Plagiolophus
ministri,
Blainvillimys gregarius, Primates
Issiodoromys medius
Chattian
Spreading rate history of South Atlantic
35
25
Arshantan
P10
NP16
Podocyrtis (Lampterium)
goetheana
Ch2
Oromerycidae,
Cylindrodontidae
Podocyrtis (Lampterium)
Areoligera tauloma RP15
chalara
D10
Reticulofenestra
umbilicus (>14 ?m)
RP16
Corrudinium
incompositum
Rhombodinium
draco
RP(SH)
13
Blainvillimys
blainvillei
MP21
Brontotheriidae
Plagiolophus,
Nyctitheriidae,
B. blainvillei
Of the 8 Neogene stages, only 2 remain to be formally defined: the Burdigalian and Langhian stages of lower and middle Miocene.
During the Paleogene, the global climate, being warm
until the late Eocene, shows a significant cooling trend
culminating in a sustained cool Oligocene. Superposed
on this general climatic trend are several short-lived
oxygen- and carbon-isotope events that are useful for
global correlation.
Oi2b
Deseadan
Bumbanian
Guembelitrioides nuttalli
Globigerinatheka
kugleri
E9
CP14
Heteraulacacysta?
leptalea
Plesiosorex,
Issiodoromys pauffiensis
Gashatan
45
Eocene
P11
b
Eucyrtidium
spinosum
Heteraulacacysta
RP17 Cryptocarpium azyx
porosa
Rottnestia borussica
Rhombodinium
porosum
MP26
Nongshanian
E10
a
Calocyclas bandyca
Wetzeliella
simplex
I. pauffiensis,
Anoplotheriidae
23.0
Oi2c
Shanghuan
Lu4
D11
b
Rhombodinium
perforatum
Chiasmolithus solitus
SBZ16
P12
Chiasmolithus
grandis
NP17
Orbulinoides
beckmanni
E11
a
Hypertragulus
calcaratus,
Suoidea
Robiacian
E12
41.2
C20
Chi. oamaruensis
(common)
Chiasmolithus
oamaruensis
(rare)
SBZ17
Orbulinoides
beckmanni
Issiodoromys
quercyi,
Dichobunidae
Ischyromys, Bothriodon,
Mesohippus
Geiseltalian
E13
C18
P13
Morozovelloides
crassatus
Thalassiphora
fenestrata
Isthmolithus recurvus
NP18
RP18
Protoceras
Grauvian
P14
C19
CP15
SBZ18
Pr1
Issiodoromys
quercyi
MP23
Neustrian
40
E14
MP27
MP24
Merycoidodon
Ch3
RP(SH)
14
D12 b
Palaeocastor nebraskensis,
Plesioisminthus, Kalobatippus
Cernaysian
Bartonian
P15
Globigerinatheka
semiinvoluta
SBZ19
RP19
Duchesnean
C16
Glaphyrocysta
semitecta
Lithocyclia
aristotelis
group
Uintan
NP1920
Discoaster
barbadiensis
Areosphaeridium
diktyoplokum
Thalassiphora
reticulata
Axoprunum?
irregularis
Lithocyclia
angusta
Bridgerian
E15
c
Discoaster saipanensis
SBZ20
Spiniferites sp. 1
(Manum et al., 1989)
Chiropteridium
galea
Coccolithus formosus D13
Clausicoccus subdistichus
(top of acme)
Hantkenina alabamensis
Globigerinatheka index
Wetzeliella
gochtii
Wasatchian
P16 /
P17
a
Clarkforkian
NP21
Rhombodinium
draco
Tiffanian
CP16
E16
D14
RP(SH)
15
Enneadocysta
arcuata
RP20
Reticulofenestra
umbilicus (low-mid lat.)
NP22
Ru1
C15
C17
Reticulofenestra
umbilicus (south high lat.)
b
Apteodinium
spiridoides
Ar1
Torrejonian
O1
Issiodoromys
limognensis
MP25
Poebrotherium
Tristylospyris
triceros
Enneadocysta
pectiniformis
unzoned
Oligocene
P18
Sphenolithus distentus
CP17
SBZ21
Pseudohastigerina
naguewichiensis
Dorcadospyris
ateuchus
a
Ar2
Pseudotheridomys,
Parvericius
Puercan
CP18
O2
MP28
Issiodoromys
limognensis
Issiodoromys
pseudanoema
2.5
P19
Issiodoromys
pseudanoema
Axoprunum?
irregularis
Saturnodinium
pansum
Sphenolithus ciperoensis
NP23
RP21
Svalbardella
cooksoniae
b
SBZ22a
O3
C12
37.8
RP(SH)
16
Pentadinium laticinctum
imaginatum
D15
NP24
Turborotalia
ampliapertura
MP29
Age (Stage) AGE
(Ma)
Neogene
Mi1
Theridomyidae
C
2.0
P20
MN1
MP30
Nimravinae
Cyrtocapsella
tetrapera
Issiodoromys
bransatensis
SALMA
1.5
Chiloguembelina
Globigerina
cubensis (LCO)
angulisuturalis
Sphenolithus
distentus
SBZ22b
P21
MN2
ALMA
1.0
Paragloborotalia opima
O4
Rupelian
Priabonian
Lychnocanoma
elongata
NP25
CP19
O5
C11
35
vancampoae
Membranophoridium
aspinatum
Cephalogale, Menoceras,
Moropus, Ysengrinia,
Zodiolestes
Distatodinium biffii
O6
Ch1
C13
a Tuberculodinium
RP22
c
C10
33.9
D16
Invertocysta
tabulata
Ar3
European Mammals
0.5
P22
C9
30
NN1
SBZ23
"Paragloborotalia"
pseudokugleri
C8
28.1
b
O7
C7A
Chattian
CN1
Discoaster druggi
Reticulofenestra bisecta
(>10 micron)
C7
25
a "Paragloborotalia" kugleri
NN2
southern high latitude
MP
13
O
0.0
Aq1
SBZ24
low latitude
NALMA
1. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected]
2. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected]
3. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Campus de la UAB, Mòdul ICP, E-08193 cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain, [email protected]
-0.5
C6C
N4
M1
Radiolarians
18
2.0
C6B
b Globoquadrina dehiscens
Calcareous Nannofossils
North American
Mammals
1.5
R T
Dinoflagellate Cysts
Northwestern Europe
1.0
Planktonic Foraminifera
Larger
Benthic
Foraminifera
0.5
23.0
MegaCycles
0.0
Neogene
Polarity
Chron
Paleogene Time Scale
-0.5
Epoch/Age
(Stage)
3
Of the 9 Paleogene stages, only 3 remain to be formally
defined: the Bartonian and Priabonian stages of upper
Eocene and the Chattian (base of upper Oligocene).
-1.0
AGE
(Ma)
2
For details see:
"The Geologic Time Scale 2012" by F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg,
M. D.Schmitz and G. M.Ogg (2012, published by Elsevier).
Poster prepared by Gabi Ogg.