Fig. I-2-1-1 The Four Challenges and Priority Areas of QDR2006

Fig. I-2-1-1 The Four Challenges and Priority Areas of QDR2006
Shifting the portfolio of capabilities to address irregular, catastrophic,
and disruptive challenges while maintaining capabilities to deal with
traditional challenges
Irregular challenges
Catastrophic challenges
Threats of
unconventional
methods, such as
terrorism
Threats posed by
terrorism or rogue
states employing WMD
and other weapons
Preventing acquisition or use
of weapons of mass
destruction
Defending
homeland
Defeating terrorist
networks
Shifting the weight
Today’s capability portfolio
Traditional challenges
Military conflict by
means of conventional
military capabilities
Shaping choices of
countries at strategic
crossroads
Disruptive challenges
Threats posed by
competitors using
technology or means
to counter or cancel
U.S. military
advantages
Fig. I-2-1-2 Concept for Force Planning in QDR2006
Steady state
Global
deterrence
Partnering
with U.S.
government
agencies
Active
partnering
Tailored
shaping
Transnational
deterrence Training and
equipping
security
forces
Regional
deterrence
Active
partnering
Tailored
shaping
Forward
deployment
Surge
Homeland defense
Consequence
management
Interdiction
War on terror
Counterinsurgency
Irregular warfare Stability operations
WMD elimination
Conventional
campaigns
Information operations
Major combat
Stability operations
Reconstruction
support
Consequence
management
Fig. I-2-1-3 U.S. Forces Deployment Status
European Region
Army:
Navy:
Air Force:
Marines:
Total:
Approx. 55,000 personnel
Approx. 7,000 personnel
Approx. 33,000 personnel
Approx. 1,000 personnel
Approx. 96,000 personnel
Total U.S. forces
Army: Approx. 505,000 personnel
Navy:
Approx. 350,000 personnel
Air Force: Approx. 349,000 personnel
Marines: Approx. 180,000 personnel
Total:
Approx. 1,385,000 personnel
(Total in 1987: Approx. 354,000 personnel)
(Total in 1987: Approx. 2,170,000 personnel)
Asia-Pacific Region
Army:
Navy:
Air Force:
Marines:
Total:
Approx. 22,000 personnel
Approx. 15,000 personnel
Approx. 22,000 personnel
Approx. 15,000 personnel
Approx. 75,000 personnel
(Total in 1987: Approx. 129,000 personnel)
Approx. 22,000 personnel are deployed in
Afghanistan and its surroundings
Approx. 186,000 personnel are
deployed in Iraq and its surroundings
Note: Materials are taken from the published documents of the U.S. Department of Defense (as of September 2006) and others.
Fig. I-2-1-4 U.S. Defense Budget from FY 2003 to 2007
United States ($1 million)
Year-on-year growth rate (%)
($1 million)
(%)
600,000
20
500,000
15
400,000
300,000
10
200,000
5
100,000
0
03
04
05
06
07
0
(FY)
Note: Expenses are shown in a narrow sense based on Historical Tables, Budget of the United States
Government, Fiscal Year 2008; the amount for FY 2007 is an estimate
Fig. I-2-2-1 Military Confrontation on the Korean Peninsula
Orang
General Staff Office
Navy Headquarters
Capital Defense Headquarters
Air Force Headquarters
Nampo
Chaho
Teoksan
Kaechon
Mayangdo
Taejo
Pyongyang
Hwanglu
U.N. Forces Headquarters
U.S.-ROK Combines Forces
Command
Headquarters of U.S. Forces
in the ROK
Chunghwa
Uijongbu
Seoul
Sagot
Suwon
Inchon
Pyongtaek
Mukho
U.S. 2nd Infantry Division
U.S. 7th Air Force Command
Headquarters
Osan
Kunsan
Kwangju
Taegu
Pusan
Chinhae
Army
North Korea
Total armed forces
Ground troops
Battle tanks
Reference
Air Force
Navy
Naval vessels
ROK
U.S. Forces in ROK
Approx. 1,100,000 personnel Approx. 690,000 personnel Approx. 30,000 personnel
Approx. 1,000,000 personnel Approx. 560,000 personnel Approx. 20,000 personnel
T-62, T-53/-55, and others 88, M-47, M-48 and others
M-1
Approx. 3,500
Approx. 2,330
Approx. 110
Approx. 640; 109,000 tons Approx. 180; 141,000 tons
Destroyers
Frigates
Submarines
3 vessels
23 vessels
6 vessels
9 vessels
9 vessels
Marines
Combat aircraft
Approx. 590
2 divisions; approx. 28,000 personnel
Approx. 600
3rd and 4th
generation fighters
MiG-23 x 46 aircraft
Mig-29 x 20 aircraft
Su-25 x 34 aircraft
F-4 x 130 aircraft
F-16 x 153 aircraft
F-15 x 12 aircraft
Population
Approx. 23,110,000
Approx. 48,600,000
Military service
Army: 5-12 years
Navy: 5-10 years
Air Force: 3-4 years
Army: 24 months
Navy: 26 months
Air Force: 27 months
Note: Materials are taken from The Military Balance 2007 and others.
Supporting corps only
Approx. 60
F-16 x 40 aircraft
Fig. I-2-2-2 Missile Ranges from North Korea
Artic Ocean
United States
Russia
China
Pacific Ocean
1,5 0
Hawaii
0k m
Guam
0k
m
Indian Ocean
00km
1,3
6,0
0
Up to 1,300 km : Nodong range
Australia
Note: Materials are taken from Jane’s and others.
At least 1,500 km : Taepodong-1 range
Approx. 6,000 km : Tapeodong-2 range
Fig. I-2-2-3 Recent Military Trends on the Korean Peninsula
In July 1997, North Korean
soldiers crossed the DMZ and
fired at ROK forces.
In March 2003, four fighter
aircraft approached a U.S.
military aircraft.
Organ
Teoksan
In March 1999, there
were incidents
involving suspicious
boats off the Noto
Peninsula.
Chaho
Kaechon
Mayangdo
Nampo Pyongyang
Taejo
In February 2003, Onchon Hwangju
Demilitarized Zone
a MiG-19
transgressed the
Chunghwa
NLL.
Panmujom
Ujongbu
Mukho
Seoul
Sagot
Inchon
Suwon
Osan
In June 1999 and
June 2002, shooting
In September 1996
Pyongtaek
incidents arose
and June 1998,
between ROK and
North Korean
Kunsan
North Korean patrol
submarines
Taegu
vessels.
violated ROK
Kwangju
territorial waters.
Pusan
Chinhae
In April 1996, North
Korean soldiers invaded
In December 1998, ROK
the Panmunjom Joint
forces sank a North Korean
Security Area.
submarine that had intruded
In December 2001, a suspicious boat
appeared in waters off southwest
Kyushu.
into the ROK’s southern
waters.
Fig. I-2-2-4 ROK’s Defense Budget from FY 2003 to 2007
ROK (100 million won)
Year-on-year growth rate (%)
(100 million won)
(%)
300,000
20
250,000
15
200,000
150,000
10
100,000
5
50,000
0
03
04
05
06
07
0
(FY)
Note: Based on the Defense White Paper (for FY 2003 to 2006) published in 2006; based on press
releases from the Ministry of National Defense for the FY 2007 budget
Fig. I-2-2-5 Agreement on the Transfer and Relocation of the U.S. Forces in ROK
Present
After the completion of
transfer and relocation
DMZ
DMZ
Joint Exercise
Han Gang
Center
Han Gang
Seoul
Seoul
Pyongtaek
Central part
Southern part
Taegu
Pohang
Pusan
Chinhae
Dotted all over the country
43 bases (241,560,000 m2)
Note: ROK Defense White Paper 2006
Two strategic points
16 bases (82,995,000 m2)
Fig. I-2-3-1 SCO Member and Observer Countries
Russia
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Mongolia
Iran
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Member countries
China
India
Kyrgyz
Observer countries
Fig. I-2-3-2 Peacekeeping Operations to Which China Has Sent
Personnel
As of April 2007
Troops
Civilian Military
police
officers observers
MINURSO
United Nations Mission for
the Referendum in
Western Sahara
0
0
13
MINUSTAH
United Nations
Stabilization Mission in
Haiti
0
129
0
MONUC
United Nations Mission in
the Democratic Republic of
Congo
218
0
12
UNIFIL
United Nations Interim
Force in Lebanon
343
0
0
UNIOSIL
United Nations Integrated
Office in Sierra Leone
0
0
1
UNMEE
United Nations Mission in
Ethiopia and Eritrea
0
0
7
UNMIK
United Nations Interim
Administration Mission in
Kosovo
0
18
0
UNMIL
United Nations Mission in
Liberia
565
18
5
UNMIS
United Nations Mission in
Sudan
445
9
14
UNMIT
United Nations Integrated
Mission in Timor-Leste
0
10
3
UNOCI
United Nations Operation
in Cote d’Ivoire
0
0
7
UNTSO
United Nations Truce
Supervision Organization
0
0
3
1,571
184
65
Total
1,820
(Unit: persons)
Fig. I-2-3-3 Changes in China’s Officially Released Defense Budget
(100 million yuan)
(%)
Defense budget (in hundred millions of yuan)
Growth rate (%)
3,500
35
25
3,000
2,500
20
2,000
15
1,500
10
1,000
5
500
0
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
0
(Year)
Note: The total defense budgets for fiscal 2002 and 2004 were not disclosed, and there is a discrepancy when we apply the disclosed
growth rates and amounts of increase to the initial budgets of FY2001 and FY2003.This graph uses 168.4 billion yuan and 210
yuan for FY2002 and FY2004, respectively. These are calculated on the assumption that disclosed growth rates and amounts of
increase are based on the actual defense expenses for FY2001 and FY2003.
Fig. I-2-3-4 Deployment and Strength of PLA
Jinan Military Region
(Headquarter: Jinan)
Beijing Military Region
(Headquarter: Beijing)
Lanzhou Military Region
(Headquarter: Lanzhou)
Shenyang Military Region
(Headquarter: Shenyang)
Chengdu Military Region
(Headquarter: Chengdu)
North China Sea Fleet
(Headquarter: Tsingtao)
East China Sea Fleet
(Headquarter: Ningbo)
Nanjing Military Region
(Headquarter: Nanjing)
Guangzhou Military Region
(Headquarter: Guangzhou)
Note: Army and Air Force military regions are the same.
South China Sea Fleet
(Headquarter: Zhanjiang)
Military region headquarters
China
Ground
forces
Total military force
Ground troops
Battle tanks
Warships
Maritime
forces
Destroyers & frigates
Submarines
Marines
Combat aircraft
Air forces
Modern fighters
Reference
Population
Term of service
Fleet headquarters
(Reference) Taiwan
2,250,000 personnel
Approx. 1,600,000 personnel
Type-98A, Type-96, Type-88A/B,
and others
Approx. 8,580
M-60, M-48A/H, and others
Approx. 1,830
Approx. 780 vesseles/
1,070,000 tons
Approx. 330 vessles/
207,000 tons
Approx. 70 vessels
Approx. 60 vessels
Approx. 10,000 personnel
Approx. 3,520
J10 × 62 aircraft
Su-27 × 148 aircraft
Su-30 × 121 aircraft
Approx. 30 vessels
4 vessels
Approx. 15,000 personnel
Approx. 530
Mirage 2000 × 57 aircraft
F-16 × 146 aircraft
Ching-Kuo × 128 aircraft
Approx. 1,300,000,000
2 years
Approx. 23,000,000
20 months
Note: Materials are taken from The Military Balance 2007 and others.
290,000 personnel
Approx. 290,000 personnel
Fig. I-2-3-5 Range of Ballistic missiles from China (Beijing)
Canada
Arctic Circle North Pole
Europe
Arctic Ocean
Russia
Iran Mongolia
Pacific Ocean
China
India 2,500km
Arabian Sea
Micronesia
Bay of Bengal 2,800km
The Philippines
Indian Ocean 4,750km
Indonesia
8,000km
10,000km
12,000km
2,150-2,500 km
: Maximum range of DF-21
2,550-2,800 km
: Maximum range of DF-3
4,750 km
: Maximum range of DF-4
8.000-10,000 km
: Maximum range of DF-31
12,000-13,000 km : Maximum range of DF-5
Fig. I-2-3-6 Taiwan’s Defense Budget from FY 2002 to 2006
Tiwan (100 million Taiwan dollars)
Year-on-year growth rate (%)
(100 million Taiwan dollars)
(%)
3,000
4
3
2,500
2
2,000
1
1,500
0
–1
1,000
–2
500
0
–3
02
03
04
05
06
(FY)
Note: Based on the FY 2006 report on national defense published by the Ministry of National
Defense of Taiwan
–4
Fig. I-2-3-7 Changes in the Number of Short-Range Ballistic
Missiles Possessed by China
(Number of missiles)
800
700
600
Total number of DF-11 (range: between 280
km and 350 km) and DF-15 (range: 600 km)
missiles
500
400
300
200
100
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
Source: The Military Balance of the corresponding years
04
05
06
07
(Year)
Fig. I-2-3-8 Changes in the Number of Modern Fighter Aircrafts
(Fourth Generation Fighters) Possessed by China and
Taiwan
China Taiwan
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
99
01
03
05
07
(Year)
As of 2007
China
J-10:
62
Taiwan
Mirage 2000: 57
Su-30: 121
F-16:
146
Su-27: 148
Jing Guo:
128
Total: 331
Source: The Military Balance of the corresponding years
Total: 331
Fig. I-2-4-1 Russia’s Defense Budget from FY 2003 to 2007
Russia (100 million rubles)
Year-on-year growth rate (%)
(100 million rubles)
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
(%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
03
04
05
Note: Official figures announced by Russia’s Ministry of Finance
06
07
(FY)
0
Fig. I-2-4-2 CIS Member States
Norway
Sweden
Finland
(Riga)
(Vilnius)
Poland
(Tallinn)
Republic of Estonia
Republic of Latvia
Republic of Lithuania
Republic of Belarus
(Minsk)
(Moscow)
(Kiev)
Republic of Moldova
(Kishinev)
Rumania
Russian Federation
Legend
Signatory countries to the CIS Collective Security Agreement
Countries that have withdrawn from the CIC Collective Security
Agreement
Non-signatory countries to the CIS Collective Security Agreement
Ukraine
Turkey
(Tbilisi)
(Astana)
Georgia
Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic or Armenia
(Yerevan) (Baku)
Republic of
Azerbaijan
Iraq
(Tashkent)
Turkmenistan
Iran
Republic of
Uzbekistan
(Ashkhabad)
Mongolia
(Bishkek)
Kyrgyz Republic
(Dushanbe)
Republic of Tajikistan
People’s Republic of China
Fig. I-2-4-3 Russian Military Deployment in Areas Close to Japan
MiG-31
320 fighters, including MiG-31
and Su-27 fighters
110 bombers, including Tu-22M
bombers
Magadan
1 division
Petropavlovsk
15 submarines
5 destroyers
and frigates
1 division
Tu-22M
Su-27
Su-27
Sovetskaya
Gavan
3 divisions
Khabarovsk
(Far Eastern Military
District Command)
4 divisions
Frigates
Korsakov
1 division
MiG-31
Su-27
Tu-22M
Naval infantry
1 division
Vladvostok
(Pacific Fleet Headquarters)
Main air bases
Main naval bases
5 submarines
15 cruisers
15 destroyers,
and frigates
Note: Figures shown are approximates.
Fig. I-2-4-4 Changes in the Russian Ground Forces in the Far East Region
(Divisions)
(10,000 troops)
Number of divisions
40
Number of personnel
40
20
20
0
0
89
90
02
03
04
05
06
07
(Year)
Notes: 1. 1989 = peak year
2. Far Eastern region of the former Soviet Union until 1992
3. Numbers in 1989 and 1990 include those of Russian troops stationed in
Mongolia.
Fig. I-2-4-5 Changes in the Russian Naval Forces in the Far East Region
(Ships)
(10,000 tons)
150
Frigates
Conventional submarines
Destroyers
Nuclear-powered submarines
Cruisers and others
Total tonnage
100
100
50
50
0
89
90
02
03
04
05
06
07
(Year)
Fig. I-2-4-6 Changes in the Russian Air Forces in the Far East
Region (Fighters)
(Fighters)
4th generation
3rd generation
2nd generation
2,000
1,000
89
90
02
03
04
05
06
07
(Year)
Fig. I-2-4-7 Changes in the Russian Air Forces of the Far East
Region (Bombers)
(Bombers)
600
Tu-22M
Tu-95
Tu-16
300
89
90
02
03
04
05
06
07
(Year)
(Year)
Fig. I-2-5-1 Military Powers in Southeast Asia (approximate)
350,000 troops
80 vessels
20,000 tons
130 aircraft
Myanmar
190,000 troops
190 vessels
103,000 tons
Laos
Thailand
80,000 troops
10 vessels
500 tons
30 aircraft
80,000 troops
90 vessels
35,000 tons
70 aircraft
50,000 troops
160 vessels
48,000 tons
170 aircraft
Ground forces (100,000 troops)
Naval vessels (50,000 tons)
Combat aircraft (100 aircraft)
Vietnam
The Philippines
Cambodia
200 aircraft
Legends
410,000 troops
80 vessels
29,000 tons
230 aircraft
Spratly Islands
Malaysia
Singapore
70,000 troops
80 vessels
46,000 tons
30 aircraft
Brunei
30,000 troops
20 aircraft
Indonesia
230,000 troops
190 vessels
238,000 tons
120 aircraft
Notes: 1. Source: Military Balance (2007) and others
2. Combat aircraft includes naval aircraft.
5,000 troops
10 vessels
6,000 tons
Fig. I-2-6-1 Size of Indian and Pakistani Forces (approximate)
Pakistan
India
Approx. 1,100,000 troops
Approx. 550,000 troops
Approx. 46 vessels
Approx. 81,000 tons
Approx. 370 aircraft
Ground forces (200,000 troops)
Legends
Naval vessels (100,000 tons)
Combat aircraft (200 aircraft)
Notes: 1. Source: Military Balance (2007) and others
2. Combat aircraft includes naval aircraft.
Approx. 150 vessels
Approx. 354,000 tons
Approx. 990 aircraft
Fig. I-2-8-1 European Security Organization (as of May 31, 2006)
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) (55 countries)
The Council of Europe (46 countries)
Andorra
San Marino
Lichtenstein
Monaco
Macedonia
Switzerland
Croatia
Albania
Serbia and Montenegro
Bosnia-Herzegovina
EAPC
(Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council)
(49 countries)
EU (27 countries)
Malta
Cyprus
Austria
Finland
Sweden
Ireland
Former Warsaw Pact Organization (Former WPO)
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (12 countries)
NATO (26 countries)
Azerbaijan
Armenia
Russia
Ukraine
Moldova
Georgia
Slovakia
Lithuania
Estonia
Latvia
Rumania
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Greece
United Kingdom
France
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxemburg
Spain
Portugal
Western European Union (WEU)
(10 countries)
Slovenia
Denmark
Norway
Iceland
Turkey
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Belarus
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan
The Holy See
United States, Canada
Legends
: PfP members (23 countries)
: WEU associate members
: Countries that maintain a cooperative partnership with the WEU
: WEU observers
Note: The Warsaw Pact Military Organization was dissolved in April 1991. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved as a political organization after the signing of
the dissolution agreement on July 1, 1991 and ratification of the agreement by the parliaments of the member states.
Fig. I-2-8-2 Trend of Capability Build-up of NATO and EU
Responding EU-led missions, such
as peacekeeping operations, in the
case where there is no intervention
by NATO.
• Standing joint task forces formed
by mainly brigade-scale ground
units (approx. 4,000 troops), plus
maritime, air and specialized units
• Size of force: approx. 25,000
troops
• Thirteen units of 1,500 troops will
be formed. Of these, two units can
be emergency deployed
simultaneously.
• Deployment begins within five
days of an order.
• Capability of 30-day operations
• Deployment begins within five
days of an order and is completed
within 15 days.
• Capability of 30-day operations
• One year rotation (in the case of
ground units, six months training
and six months on standby)
• Basic operational concept: to be
dispatched as an initial response
unit
• Segmentation of units is possible
according to the mission
• Units will be formed and on
standby by rotation within the
unilateral or multinational
framework.
• Initiative was formulated in
November 2002.
• Prototype force was formed in
October 2003.
• Possession of initial operational
capability in October 2004
• Complete operational capability
was achieved in November 2006.
• Initiative was formulated in June
2004.
• Complete operational capability
was achieved in January 2007.
Capabilities
Organization
Missions
Swiftly responding every situation
worldwide
Operations
EU Battle Groups
(Combat Groups)
Force building
NATO Response Force (NRF)
Fig. I-2-8-3 Enlargement of NATO and EU Membership
Original EU member countries
Joined EU by 1995
Joined EU in May 2004
Joined EU in January 2007
Original NATO member countries
Joined NATO by 1982
Joined NATO by 1999
Joined NATO in March 2004