CSID NIGERIA RESEARCH GROUP CROSS COLLEGE SEMINAR

CSID NIGERIA RESEARCH GROUP
CROSS COLLEGE SEMINAR
UMAR BAPPAH
G E O LOGICAL S TO RAGE O F C O 2 : S U ITA B IL ITY
A N A LYSIS A N D P O T ENTIAL IM P L E MENTATION
C H A LLE NGES IN T H E N IG E R D E LTA B A S IN,
N IG E RIA
Super visor
Dr Clare Bond
WHY CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE?
Fig. 1: Carbon capture and storage process
Fig. 2: Global CO2 atmospheric concentration s and temperature
From: Tans and Keeling, 2011
Fig. 3: CO2 abatement by technology grouping
Global CCS Inst., 2011
Current Status of the Technology Around the World
Fig. 4:Current large scale integrated projects around the world
Objectives
 Assessment of the basin potentials for CCS
 Structural analysis to determine the likely implication of the structural setting of the Otumara
oilfield for CO2 storage.
 Petrophysical studies e.g. porosity and permeability analysis.
 Comparative studies with active CO2 storage sites e.g. Sleipner, In Salah and Weyburn.
Overview on Carbon capture and Storage (CCS)
Processes:
 Capture
 Transport
 Storage
Fig. 5: Processes in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
From: CO2CRC, 2008
Storage

Options for Geological Storage of CO2
Fig. 6: Geological storage options for CO2
From: Global CCS Inst. 2011
Storage – How it works
Fig. 7: CO2 storage capacity pyramid
From (Kaldi and Gibson-Poo le , 2008)
Where is Nigeria in the GHG Abatement Race?
Energy Production
 Nigeria has an estimated 37billion barrel of proven oil reserves (Oil and Gas Journal, 2012).
 Holds the largest natural gas reserves in Africa ( having approx. 180 tcf).
 Ninth largest natural gas reserve holder in the world.
Fig. 8: Top ten proven gas reserve holders
Modified from Oil and Gas Journal, 2012
Gas Flaring
Fig. 9: Trend of gas production, utilisa tion and flaring in Nigeria (1958-2004)
From: NNPC, 2005
In 2010, Nigeria was ranked among the top 5 gas flaring countries in the world (Fig. ) US EIA, (2012).
Fig. 10: Ranking of 5 top gas flaring countries
From US EIA, (2012)
Why Gas Flaring?
 Limited infrastructure
 A limited number of appropriate reservoirs conducive for gas re-injection/storage
 The economies of re-injection
 Limited regional and international gas market
 Difficult terrain in the Niger Delta which hinders gas gathering process
 Policy
Gas Analysis to Determine Productivity and Potential for Storage
Gas Production and Flaring in the basin
Table 1: Yearly statistica l records of gas produced and flared
from all fields in the basin (1997 – 2011)
Years
Gas produced (mscf)
Gas Flared (mscf)
2011
2,400,402,880.07
619,032,858.01
2010
2,392,838,898.50
581,568,353.85
2009
1,837,278,307.30
509,351,905.35
2008
2,282,440,395.00
631,188,574.46
2007
2,415,649,040.74
789,546,171.84
2006
2,182,432,083.68
799,998,368.20
2005
2,093,628,859
812,332,777
2004
2,082,283,189
886,070,556
2003
1,830,302,769
847,614,682
2002
1,651,591,488
744,108,036
2001
1,822,922,111
920,905,671
2000
1,620,735,427
876,286,190
1999
1,328,353,849
792,247,965
1998
711,340,835
501,680,859
1997
1,141,967,275
801,846,530
From NNPC Bulletin (1997, 1998, 2002 and 2011)
3,000.00
Gas Produced/Flared (Mscf)
2,500.00
2,000.00
1,500.00
1,000.00
500.00
0.00
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
Gas produced
Gas Flared
Fig. 11: Trend of gas produced and flared
2010
2012
Trend of CO2 Production in the Basin
Table 2: CO2 Production in the Niger delta basin
Year
CO2 (Million tonnes)
2011
71
2010
72
2009
66
2008
72
2007
79
2006
85
2005
89
2004
96
2003
97
2002
99
From: Shell Sustaina bility report, 2011
120
CO2 (Million Tonnes)
100
80
60
40
20
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
CO2(Million tonnes)
Fig. 12: Trend of CO2 produced in the Niger delta basin
2011
2012
Fig. 13: Gas produced and percentage flared in the Niger delta fields a) Oilfie ld s producing much gas are represented with
bigger ball shape key while those producing less progressive ly have smaller b) Green colour indicates less or no flaring
while light green to red indicates increasing percentage of flaring.
From ArcGIS
Fig. 14: Showing the likely gas prolific zones/areas of the basin
The Application of CCS and EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) in the Niger Delta Basin
 Despite the huge gas potential of the basin for CCS, the technology is yet to be tested in the basin.
 EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) has been put into practice by a few companies.
Suitability of the Basin for CCS
Table 3: Suitability of the Niger Delta for CCS
Criterion
In creasing CO
2
Storage Potential
Classes
Poor
1
fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
Low
Seismicity
(e.g. Passive margin)
(tectonic setting)
2
Size
Very large
3
Depth
Intermediate
4
Faulting Intensity
5
Hydrogeology
2
(> 7 0000 km )
(5000 - 14000ft)
Moderate
Regional, long
-
range flow
systems; topography or
flow
6
Reservoir
– seal
Excellent
pairs
7
Maturity
Mature
8
Climate
Tropical
9
Hydrocarbon
Large fields
potential
10
Accessibility
Difficult
Giant fields
erosional
Field Assessment
Location of the Study Area
Fig. 15: Location of the study area
Otumara Oilfield
Fig. 16: Sectional view of the basin showing the location of the study area
Proposed Shell’s gas gathering project in the Area
 The Otumara oil field is the proposed location of the Shell’s gas gathering project
 Aims at collecting about 30 million cubic feet (mcf) of processed gas a day
Otumara
Escravos-Lagos
Sanghara
Domestic Market
 The project is part of ongoing Shell’s effort to reduce flaring in the Niger Delta
 While our research in the area is Shell’s long term vision for climate change mitigation.
Gas production and flaring in the study area
Table 4: Record of gas produced/flared in the study area (1998-2005)
Year
Gas Produced
Gas Flared
6,427,557
6,321,553
2004
7,715,211
7,624,417
2003
2,586,814
2,621,556
2002
8,070,299
8,002,109
2001
3,302,426
3,228,515
2000
3,233,125
3,169,878
1999
3,730,189
3,668,169
1998
3,090,137
3,045,496
Gas Produced/Flared (mscf)
2005
10
8
6
Gas produced
4
Gas flared
2
0
2005 2004
2003
2002
Year
2001
2000
1999
1998
Fig. 17: Trend of gas produced/flared in the study area (Otumara oilfield)
Seismic Interpretation
Fig. 18: 2D and 3D Seismic data of the study area
Fig. 19: Display of wells for the study
Fault and Horizon Interpretation
Fig. 20: Interpreted faults
Fig. 21: Some of the interpreted horizons
Horizon Interpretation
Fig. 22: Some of the interpreted faults and horizons
Interpreted faults and horizons
Possible contribution of the research to the Nigeria’s energy sector
 Provides detail assessment of the Otumara oilfield for CO2 storage
 Complements Nigeria’s Government and Shell’s effort in ensuring clean environment
by implementing CCS in the Niger Delta.
Conclusion
 The Niger Delta basin has great potentials for CCS Technology
 More research to identify potential sites in needed
 Public awareness and knowledge of the technology are important.
Thank you for listening