Chemistry Wallach was born in Königsberg, the son of a Prussian

Chemistry
Wallach was born in Königsberg, the son of a Prussian civil
servant. In 1867 he started studying chemistry at the University of
Göttingen, where at this time Friedrich Wöhler was head of organic
chemistry. After one semester at the University of Berlin with August
Wilhelm von Hofmann, Wallach received his Doctoral degree from the
University of Göttingen in 1869, and worked as a Professor in
the University of Bonn (1870–89) and the University of Göttingen (1889–
1915). Wallach died at Göttingen.
Otto Wallach
Born: 27 March 1847,
Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad),
Germany (now Russia)
Died: 26 February 1931,
Göttingen, Germany
Affiliation at the time of the
award: Goettingen University,
Göttingen, Germany
Prize motivation: "in recognition
of his services to organic
chemistry and the chemical
industry by his pioneer work in
the field of alicyclic compounds"
Field: industrial chemistry,
organic chemistry
During his work with Friedrich Kekulé in Bonn he started a
systematic analysis of the terpenes present in essential oils. Up to this time
only a few had been isolated in pure form, and structural information was
sparse. Melting point comparison and the measurement of mixtures was
one of the methods to confirm identical substances. For this method the
mostly liquid terpenes had to be transformed into crystalline compounds.
With stepwise derivatisation, especially additions to the double
bond present in some of the terpenes, he achieved the goal of obtaining
crystalline compounds. The investigation of the rearrangement
reactions of cyclic unsaturated terpenes made it possible to obtain the
structure of an unknown terpene by following the rearrangements to a
known structure of a terpene. With these principal methods he opened the
path to systematic research on terpenes.
He was responsible for naming terpene and pinene, and for
undertaking the first systematic study of pinene .He wrote a book about
the chemistry of terpenes, "Terpene und Campher" (1909). Otto Wallach
is known for Wallach's rule, Wallach degradation, the Leuckart-Wallach
reaction (which he developed along with Rudolf Leuckart) and
the Wallach rearrangement. Otto Wallach was a German chemist and
recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic
compounds.
Botany: Zingiber nimmonii (Grah.) Dalz. In Hook. Kew J. Bot. 4: 341. 1852; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay 3: 240. 1958
(Repr. ed. ); Sharma et al. Fl. Maharashtra state Monocotededones 85. 1996.
Stems leafy, 1.2- 1.5 m high, reddish-green. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, base acute.
Flowers in shortly pedunculate, ovate or subglobose spikes; Corolla reddish-yellow. Capsules ellipsoid.
Fls. & Frts.
:
July.
Use
:
Piles: 1 teaspoon juice of rhizome, two times per day till cure.
References: Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. and Singh, N.P. 1996. Flora of Maharashrta state.
Monocotyledones, BSI, Calcutta.
Microbiology :-
Frank Macfarlane Burnette:
(1899-1985)
-
He was a Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology.
In 1960 He won the Nobel prize for predicting acquired immune tolerance and was best
known for developing the theory of clonal selection.
He discover causative agent of Q-fever and psittacosis.
He also develope assays for the isolation , cultivation and detection of influenza virus.
He describe the recombination of influenza strains.
The modern method for production of influenza vaccine is based on Burnets work.
In 1926 He was awarded the Beit Memorial Felllowship by the Lister institute.
In 1956 he led to the development of clonal selection, thus forming one of the
concepts of immunology known as Burnet’s clonal selection therapy.
Zoology: -
Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner, (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943),
was an Austrian and
American biologist and physician.[2] He is noted for
having first distinguished the main blood groups in
1900 (however, Jan Janský described and distinguished
main blood groups before him), having developed the
modern system of classification of blood groups from
his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the
blood, and having identified, with Alexander S.
Wiener, the Rhesus factor, in 1937, thus enabling
physicians totransfuse blood without endangering the
patient′s life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin
Popper, he discovered the polio virus in 1909. He
received the Aronson Prize in 1926. In 1930 he
received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
He was awarded aLasker Award in 1946 posthumously
and is recognized as the father of transfusion medicine.
Born
June 14, 1868
Baden bei Wien (near Vienna),AustriaHungary
Fields
Medicine, virology
Institutions
University of Vienna
Rockefeller Institute for Medical
Research, New York
Known for
Development of blood group system,
discovery of Rh factor, discovery
of poliovirus
Notable
awards



Nobel Prize in Physiology or

Medicine (1930)
Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical
Research Award (1946 posthumously)
ForMemRS (1941)[1]
Computer Science: -
Born
Vinton Gray Cerf
June 23, 1943 (age 72)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Citizenship American
Fields
Telecommunications
Institutions IBM,[1] UCLA,[1] Stanford
University,[1]DARPA,[1] MCI,[1][2] CNRI,[1] Google,[3]
Vinton Cerf
Alma mater Stanford University (B.S.)
UCLA (M.S. & Ph.D.)
Thesis
Multiprocessors, Semaphores, and a Graph
Model of Computation (1972)
Doctoral
Gerald Estrin[4]
advisor
Known for
TCP/IP
Internet Society
Notable
IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1997)
awards
National Medal of Technology (1997)
Marconi Prize (1998)
Prince of Asturias Award (2002)
Turing Award (2004)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2005)
Japan Prize (2008)
Harold Pender Award (2010)
Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering (2013)
Anders Celsius
ALSO LISTED IN
Mathematicians, Physicists, Astronomers
FAMOUS AS
Astronomer, Physicist, Mathematician
NATIONALITY
Swedish
BORN ON
27 November 1701 AD Famous 27th November Birthdays
ZODIAC SIGN
Sagittarius Sagittarius Men
BORN IN
Uppsala
DIED ON
25 April 1744 AD
PLACE OF DEATH
Uppsala
FATHER
Nils Celsius
EDUCATION
Uppsala University
Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician who proposed the Celsius
temperature scale and founded the Uppsala Observatory. Born in Sweden, he was raised in the shadow
of his father, an astronomy professor. Anders showed an extraordinary talent in mathematics from
childhood and after completing his education, decided to become an astronomer. He made earlier
observations concerning aurora borealis (northern lights) and is regarded as the first astronomer to
suggest a connection between aurora borealis and changes in the Earth's magnetic field. He also
assessed the brightness of stars with measuring tools. Later, he participated in an expedition which
proved the Newton’s theory that the Earth has the shape of an ellipsoid, flattened at the poles. After
succeeding in the expedition, he laid the foundation of Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, the oldest
astronomical observatory in Sweden. However, he is most famous for the temperature scale he proposed
based on the boiling and freezing points of water. Later on, a reversed form of his original design was
adopted as the standard and used in almost all the scientific works. He started many other research
projects but died unexpectedly before he could complete most of them. He was an extraordinary
astronomer, and as a tribute to his accomplishments, the standard unit on the temperature scale,
“Celsius”, is named after him.
Major Works

He was the first person who suggested a connection between the aurora borealis and changes in the
Earth's magnetic field.

He advocated the measurement of an arc of a meridian in Lapland and later took part in an expedition
which helped in verification of Newton’s theory that the Earth is flattened at the poles.

He was the first to perform and publish careful experiments seeking to define an international
temperature scale based on scientific grounds. In 1742, he proposed a temperature scale based on the
boiling and freezing points of water, which was the reverse of the scale now known by the name
‘Celsius’.
Awards & Achievements

‘Celsius’, also known as centigrade, a scale and unit of measurement for temperature, is named after
him.