Ashok Leyland - Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Use of Hydrogen (up to 30%) as Fuel Blended with
Compressed Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines
R & D Conclave on New and Renewable Energy- Prospects
for Cross Cutting Technologies
10th August 201, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
New Delhi
PROJECT OUTLINE
– Objective
• Use of Hydrogen in Compressed Natural Gas (H2-CNG)
Blends upto 30% in IC Engine
• Evaluation of Emission & Performance Characteristics with
different HCNG blends on Vehicles
– Participating Organizations
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
• Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM*) with
five participating members - Ashok Leyland, Bajaj Auto, VE
Commercial Vehicles, Mahindra & Mahindra and Tata Motors
• Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)
* Nodal Agency
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
PROJECT DETAILS
– Work Plan
Tests with Different H2-CNG Blends
Selection of Optimized Blend Ratio for Engine Modification
Engine Optimization with Finalized Blend
Road Endurance Testing upto 30, 000 Kms for 3 Wheelers
and 50,000 kms for other vehicles with emission tests at
every 10000 km
• Analysis of Test Results & Recommendations
•
•
•
•
– Project Cost
• Total Project Cost – Rs.633.90 Lakhs
– MNRE: Rs.288 Lakhs
– IOCL: Rs.65 Lakhs
– SIAM: Rs.280.90 Lakhs
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Role of Participating Organizations
Role of SIAM
•
•
•
•
Provide Vehicles from OEMs for testing
Engine Development / Modification
Field Trials
Coordination and Reporting
Role of IOCL
• To Provide H-CNG Blended Fuel
• H-CNG Blend Verification
• Testing of vehicles with different HCNG Blends for
– Emission and
– Performance Characteristics
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Test Vehicles
•
Ashok Leyland Stag 4200 mm CNG Bus
•
Bajaj RE 4S CNG 3-Wheeler Passenger
•
Mahindra Bolero
•
Mahindra Champion CNG 3-W Cargo
•
TATA LP 407 4SP CNG Mini Bus
•
Tata Indica
•
VE Commercial Vehicles CNG 10.9 K Cargo Truck
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Major Milestones
•
Setting up of HCNG Dispensing
Stations:
• Two dispensing stations were
established.
• Designed to supply Hydrogen and
H-CNG blend ratios from 5% to
50%
•
HCNG Blend Finalization:
• On completion of the base
emission testing with different
Hydrogen + CNG blends, 18%
HCNG blend (volume/volume)
was finalized as as the optimum
HCNG blend
• Vehicle development with 18%
HCNG blend for emissions and
performance
Results with Optimized Vehicles for 18%
HCNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Results – Ashok Leyland
CO (g/Km)
THC (g/Km)
0.4
0.6
0.35
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.2
0.3
0.15
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0
0
100% CNG
18% HCNG
100% CNG
18% HCNG
NOx
(g/km)
0.37
0.36
0.35
0.34
0.33
100% CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Results – Bajaj Auto Ltd
CO (g/km)
THC (g/km)
1.000
1.000
0.800
0.800
0.600
0.600
0.400
0.400
0.200
0.200
0.000
0.000
100% CNG
18% HCNG
100% CNG
18% HCNG
NOx (g/km)
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
100% CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Results – Mahindra Champion 3 Wheeler
CO
(g/Km)
THC
(g/Km)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
100% CNG
18% HCNG
100% CNG
18% HCNG
NOx
(g/Km)
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
100% CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Results – Mahindra Bolero Passenger
CO
(g/Km)
THC
(g/Km)
1
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
0
100% CNG
18% HCNG
100% CNG
18% HCNG
NOx
(g/Km)
0.075
0.07
0.065
0.06
0.055
100% CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Results – Tata LP 407 Bus
CO
(g/kw-hr)
THC
(g/kw-hr)
0.5
1.2
0.4
1
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
0
100% CNG
18% HCNG
100% CNG
18% HCNG
NOx
(g/kw-hr)
1.5
1
0.5
0
100% CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Results – Tata Indica
CO
(g/Km)
THC
(g/Km)
0.3
0.064
0.25
0.062
0.2
0.06
0.15
0.058
0.1
0.056
0.05
0
0.054
100%1 CNG
18% 2HCNG
100%1 CNG
NOx
(g/Km)
0.04
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
100%1CNG
18%2HCNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
2
Results – VE Commercial Vehicles
HC Comparison
HC (g/kWh)
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
with CNG
18% HCNG
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
with CNG
18% HCNG
NOx Comparison
5
NOx (g/kWh)
CO (g/kWh)
CO Comparison
4
3
2
1
0
with CNG
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
18% HCNG
Summary: Current Status
Emission & Performance: Ageing Test
Start Date of
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Field Trial Initial
km
km
km
km
km
OEM
Vehicle
Bajaj
3-wheeler
31.01.2011
√
√
Bolero
15.03.2011
√
√
Champion
15.03.2011
√
√
Indica Xeta
23.01.2012
√
√
Mini Bus
18.02.2012
Bus
06.05.2011
N/A
N/A
√
Current
Status
20,000 Km
(Dec 2011)
22,000 Km
Mahindra
N/A
N/A
12,500 Km
17,000 Km
Tata
Ashok
Leyland
Eicher
Cargo Truck 14.12.2011
√
√
6,000 Km
√
√
√
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
20,000 Km
6,600 Km
Further Work
 Emission and Performance (ageing) testing to be conducted on
the following vehicles:
 Bajaj 3-wheeler at 20,000 km
 Tata Mini Bus at 10,000 km
 Ashok Leyland Bus at 20,000 km
 Eicher Cargo at 10,000 km
 Field Trials upto 30,000 Kms for 3 Wheelers and 50,000 Kms for
rest
 Rectification of dispensing station at Dwarka. Availability of
HCNG at both the dispensing stations will be critical for
completion of field trials and ageing tests at IOC R&D at regular
intervals with minimum idle time.
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Key Findings
 CO has reduced on 18% HCNG w.r.t 100% CNG for all vehicles
 HC & NOx do not confirm to any common trend on HCNG w.r.t CNG.
However, in most of the vehicles HC has reduced and NOx has gone
up
 Material compatibility is not in the scope of the project, however, the
same needs to be evaluated based on various national and
international references. For example:
 BIS sponsored project on material compatibility of gas kit
components is underway at ARAI
 SCoE (Standing Committee on Emissions) under Ministry of Road
Transport and Highways) is deliberating on implications of
storage of Hydrogen blended CNG up to 20% in Type-1 CNG
cylinder
Future Roadmap
 In view of the above, 18% HCNG needs to qualify as a
separate automotive fuel.
 Based on the project final outcome, the
recommendation may be made available to finalise
the draft notification GSR 564(E) dated 29th June
2010 regarding Hydrogen blended CNG up to 20% as
automotive fuel
 If consistent quality HCNG is commercially available,
it may benefit the nation in terms of fuel security
through domestic production of H2.
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Thank You!
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM)
Core 4B, 5th Floor, India Habitat Centre
Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003
Website: www.siam.in
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers