Frederika Baroness Riedesel

Transcription

Frederika Baroness Riedesel
Author(s): Lina Sinnickson
Source: The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 30, No. 4 (1906), pp. 385408
Published by: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania
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U
THE
PENNSYLVANIA
MAGAZINE
OF
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
Vol.
1906. No. 4
XXX.
EREDERIKA BARONESS RIEDESEL.
BY
[The
wife
of
LINA
SINNIOKSON.
in command
the general
troops hired by the king of England
revolted
in America,
colonies
of
the Brunswick
and Hessian
for the purpose of conquering her
from
would
this
fact
alone
there is added to this the pleasure of knowing
When
to
followed
actually
this
as she herself
duty,"
continent
her
on
husband,
calls it, and being
us.
Interest
that the lady
the
the gifted
"voyage
of
daughter of a
herself
to circumstances
and such society
soldier,
adapted
distinguished
as the vicissitudes
and became
of war allowed,
the friend
of such men
as Washington
fame
and
seems
a
of Revolutionary
there
Schuyler,
a
reason
for
of
this
sketch
woman,
special
presenting
bright,
observing
almost
taken
from her letters.
One
that Fate
such a
decreed
regrets
''
woman
to be on the "other
and charming
in that struggle
lovable
side
as American
a cause
so great
for
time
independence.
However,
the
changes
the Riedesel
that
it was
Frederika
born
father,
governing
missary
the
those
among
was
house
of
commander
were
in the
of many
things
in Leipzigerstrasse,
a few years
ago,
decided,
face
allied
under
of events,
and it was
in
now
the War
Berlin,
Office,
a German
that
should
be the
to China,
president
in chief was
30?25.
was
of
and
the
American
troops
command.]
von Massow,
afterwards
in 1746
in Brandenburg,
von Massow,
vol.
sent
forces
this
course
the
obliged
commissioned
allied
army,
to remain
Baroness
Riedesel,
in Germany.
Her
Frederick
II,
by
and acting as com
a
long time at the
(385)
Baroness
386Frederika
to be
and not wishing
of war,
near him.
had them domiciled
theatre
family,
seems
Riedesel.
to have
been
a
genial
gentleman
it is evident
from
separated
his
he himself
Though
and his wife
an
that the beautiful
and hospitable
lady,
not only by their grace and unaffected
and lovely daughters,
manners
officers to their house, but even
drew many young
more
and
the older
bewitched
experienced
generals.
or Fritschen?as
she was known
Frederika
among her
amiable
in this way
the young
cavalry captain Baron
to whom,
after the various
and adverse
circum
war
was
she
due to the
married
when
permitted,
family?met
Riedesel,
stances
little more
she was
she
than
sixteen
her
From
looks
Versailles,
in all the
years old.
by the celebrated
Tischbein,
of the court of
portrait,
painted
the smart demoiselle
very much
with, a slim and tapering waist,
loveliness
of silk and
and
lace so dear
decked
out
to the feminine
from what
is said of her from the very earliest
time
heart;
to have been possessed
she seemed
of innumerable
charms
as well as good looks.
That she was a most noble, devoted
and
to leave
and mother
but
The
children.
her
wife
intelligent
life and
own
letters,
child-like
a luxurious
by
faith
home
not
is attested
those
of
her
only in her
and
husband
in Providence,
which
and
led
and
friends,
powerful
a pathless
sea into a strange
for the sake of sharing with
land, then almost a wilderness,
him his trials and hardships,
affords an example well worth
follow
her
husband
across
ISTor can one read such
and admiration.
study
and
records of devoted,
love, chastened
conjugal
an
without
unaffected
experience,
by
religious
of a high ideal of faith and duty.
sciousness
touching
sanctified
the
con
On the twenty-first
of December
1762 she was married
at ISTeuhaus, when
in which
her popularity
and the esteem
was
held by the Duke Ferdinand,
heir
her young husband
seem to have made
to the throne of Brunswick,
of it, for
a
and garrison,
gala day.
an
for shortly after
This was
age of war and warfare,
few short years
the hostile
of respite
from
strife of
the whole
town
the
the
Baroness
Frederika
Seven
Years
carried
War
Baron
387
Riedesel.
the American
in Europe,
Revolution
to this country as Major
General
of
hither
his
wife
and
her
and
young
troops,
Riedesel
the Brunswick
soon followed
him.
On the sixteenth
of
girls
set
sail
from
Blonde,
1777, in the man-of-war
they
in England,
for America,
and on the eleventh
of
three
little
April,
Bristol,
June they
landed
at Quebec
safely
after
the
tribulations
of
in a sailing
crossing
her
children
(for
Baroness
Riedesel
besides
accomplish
voyage;
brave and busy,
ship. Nevertheless,
were
servants
all her
and
seasick)
was able to
she
writes
of many
things
the care of her little family on this long
and
nightcaps
to her children's
embroidering
useful additions
many
heart she finds
throbbing
and though
her beloved
meet
her upon
her
sight
ravishing
cataract
great
are
tains,
notices
Her
their
of her
could
be
arrival, with delight
see the shores
at
not
she wrote,
this
desire,
there to
" It
is a
The
place!"
moun
of Montmorency,
the surrounding
in her letters,
and with
interest
the
describes
and
caps
cloaks,
quaint
in the town.
of patrician
and peasant
to meet her, wrote
unable
husband,
her, with
common
to most
of feeling
"You
Germans,
she
the
that
are
"
to
dear
the
continent
!
Canadian
and
my
Angel,
this time on they both kept a diary of how they spent
days, so each should know what the other was doing
depth
welcome
from
husband
at the haven
described
and
costumes
to
herself
and making
purses,
a
wardrobe.
With
in the form of
These
diaries,
they were
separated.
a
occur
not
of
letters,
only give
picture
graphic
stirring
much
but
with
breadth
and
rences,
also,
paint,
spirit the
men and women
of those days.
when
From
husband
where
Baroness
Riedesel
her
Canada,
joined
some three or four days after her
landing,
having
to reach
him
and canoe, she
finally
by cal?che
"
and
of
her
driver,
story
typical
amusing
They are
were
to
their
when
not
horses;
they
everlastingly
talking
"
or
mon
them
cried
Allons,
they
lashing
prince !
singing,
"
Pour mon general
!", offener however
Fi-donc,
they said,
journeyed
tells an
388Frederika
this
Madame!"
Baroness
Riedesel.
last the Baroness
"
? Plait-il
"
?
Oh,"
thought
for.
" ce
designed
the fellow,
her, and asked,
replied
"
their
!
n'est que mon
la
cheval,
coquine
petite
Leaving
" we were
she said,
cal?che they took to a canoe in which,
our exact
to preserve
with
considerable
trouble
obliged
"
equilibrium !
with
In meeting
her
after
joy was
her
husband
all
beyond
two
but
and
they
happy
days
description
together
a
were
to
for
time.
General
Riedesel
part
obliged
again
the enemy,
with
his troops against
left his wife
departing
cast down, a stranger
but
she soon
much
in a strange
land,
herself
settled
her
and
ones
little
in the
convent
of the
sense
good
the nuns, among whom
some very lovely persons,
and she again appears
she found
as ever with
as busily
the children,
to keep herself
engaged
at Quebec,
her to make
Ursulines
assisted
friends
and reading.
end of the summer
sewing
The
her
where
and
liveliness
with
gave General
Burgoyne
his wife and children with him
General
to have
permission
and they accordingly
very pleasantly
spent a few weeks
the site
General
Red House,
headquarters,
Burgoyne's
now
earlier days of a fort and in a part of the country
state.
New York
Riedesel
Then
at
in
in
and the American
in earnest,
began
but four or five
at the end of June
counted
hostilities
which
Army,
thousand
of July,
had now
by the beginning
strong,
men.
and twenty
thousand
to between
fourteen
increased
in which
of war
the mode
To the Germans
they were
was
engaged
in themselves
The
girls
however,
were
soon
action,
at
just
settled.
banks
along
and meeting
of all of which,
the one
The
of
with
and of
to desert
temptations
character
on
General
skirmishes
scene
the very
the Hudson
such
of
were
to cope with such trials
Baroness
and the little
the General
last with
the
and
great.
and
honourable
was
were
British,
ments,
very
spirited
Riedesel,
and they
new
entirely
or
councils
river,
small
with
of war
of
the
engage
as were
held
among
Frederika
Baroness
the British
generals,
and
arrangements
Baroness
Riedesel
of the propositions
them?
planned
by
her
and
in
clearly
faithfully
as history,
to us,
indeed
and
and
suggested
has written
are
which
letters,
389
Riedesel.
invaluable
to-day.
energy
wounded
von
this Frederika
all
Besides
ever
was
and
relieving
Riedesel
comforting
with
her
the
ready
the
sick,
and the dying.
the army
with
in her cal?che in which were safely
Going
her
children
tucked
and servants,
she never fails to
away
note the place and people
she met, and of the Americans
it cost us dearly, every one of them was
she says, " though
a soldier by nature,
and the thought
of fighting
for their
Fatherland
their
and
courage."
greater
seems to have been
death
freedom
them with
still
inspired
of October
the fighting
serious
than ever, and after the
the seventh
On
more
of General
and
Frazer,
with
even
in mortal
her
own
husband
this brave woman
cannot
danger,
on hearing
the terrible
"I was
cannonading,
more
dead than alive,"
and no wonder,
for she, in her
and thoughtfulness
kindness
for others,
her
particularly
constantly
but write
adored
was
often
to the utmost
risks her
exposed
march
these
long
During
following
distressing
was
who
her
also accompanying
Ackland,
days, Lady
was
advised
Baroness
Ackland
husband,
by
Riedesel,
husband,
the
self.
into the hands
fallen
of the Americans
and being
having
useful to
ill, to return to him, that she might make herself
him
in his
situation.
After
to the
present
yielding
Baroness's
through
sion to
English
Ackland,
Hudson
believe,
Baroness
gallant
and
solicitations
his adjutant,
begging
leave the camp, his
Mr.
chaplain
a
Riedesel
answer
consent
to
engraving
but
writes,
which
sent
a messenger,
permis
Burgoyne's
was obtained.
The
Brudenel
of truce
bearing
flag
in a small
boat
a beautiful
having
General
General
accompanied
Lady
the
together
they crossed
"
the enemy.
There
is, I
in existence,
of this event,"
better than this print, is the
Gates returned
by chaplain
390Frederika
Baroness
Riedesel.
*%&:
S*
VM
PRESENT
(1867) APPEARANCE
BARONESS RIEDESEL
OF THE HOUSE, IN THE CELLAR OF WHICH
STAYED DURING THE CANNONADE.
hr
p'$t
THE CELLAR.
Frederika
to
Brudenel,
American
the
letter
general
his protection.
Baroness
General
by Lady
Burgoyne
Ackland,
had
sent
this
to
her
recommending
Baroness
seeing Lady Ackland
safely dispatched,
on with
and her family moved
the army in its
wind
and
the savages, as
march,
w^eather,
through
Upon
Riedesel
painful
she calls
the Indians, who were fighting
with
their army,
lost all courage and gone
in every direction
to their
on
the 9th of October
and
toward
they
evening
having
homes;
came at last to
Wet
Saratoga.
to
which
in
place
change her
children
skin, and with not a
she undressed
her
clothing,
fire they laid themselves
down
on some
to the
a good
straw.
General
and before
Phillips, who is described
an
as
contemporaries
honourable,
just and upright
is said to have wished
this courageous
woman
might
together
by his
man,
have
391
Riedesel.
their
been
commanding
general,
of the
rather
than
the
unpopular
(even among many
Burgoyne?
English)
who in order to cover his retreat, caused the beautiful houses
and mills belonging
to General
to be burned;
Schuyler
Great misery
and disorder
in
the army, and in
prevailed
a house
in which
this accomplished
and dignified
woman
sought
assisted
shelter
for herself
and her
she aided and
children,
sensible
and direct way
those poor,
ill and wounded
the
creatures,
part of an
acting
in the most
frightened,
Angel-of-comfort
among
the sufferers, and ready
such from which
even
to perform
tender
the
every friendly
service,
mind of a woman might
recoil.
ones
Those poor distracted
more
her
their
than
officers.
obeying
readily
superior
The exposed
in which
were
the British
position
placed
was not to last much
on
and
the
17th of October
longer,
The generals waited
upon the American
they capitulated.
and the troops laid down their arms
General-in-chief,
Gates,
and surrendered
themselves
of war.
The Baron
prisoners
for by her husband
to come to him with their
she therefore
and in the passage
children;
obeyed
through
the American
observed
with
that
camp,
great
satisfaction,
no one cast scornful
at
them.
On the contrary,
glances
ess was
sent
392Frederika
Baroness
Riedesel.
on their
her, even
compassion
they all greeted
showing
countenances
at seeing a mother
in
with her little children
such a position.
She rather feared coming
into the enemy's
new to her,
the situation
camp,
being
entirely
something
when
however
came
toward
approaching
her, and taking
tents, a noble looking man
the children out of the cal?che,
the
tears in his eyes
them, and then with
"You
said he to the Bar
tremble,"
helped
which
she replied,
"no, for
oness, "fear nothing."
Upon
so
are
so
been
tender
and
have
toward
kind,
my chil
you
me
it
with
He
then led
has
that
dren,
inspired
courage."
and kissed
embraced
her
to alight.
Gates, with whom
they found
dismiss
all
and
"You
may
Phillips.
Burgoyne
generals
are
an
for
at
said
your sufferings
end,"
your apprehensions,
" I should
to her, to which
she answered,
General
Burgoyne
our
to have any more
be acting very wrongly
anxiety, when
even more kindness
from the same
After
chief has none."
them
to the
tent
of General
who had first met her, she learned that he was
gentleman
the American
they had finished
general Schuyler, who, when
at his house
to
their
residence
invited
them
take
up
dining,
in Albany.
their journey
they
arrived
set out on
and
immediately
They
accepted,
When
of some two days to reach that place.
so
where
in Albany,
often
they had
longed to
as
not as they had supposed
should,
they
were
in
most
the
fashion
received
victors,
friendly
by
they
who
and his wife and daughters,
the good General
Schuyler
as well as General
them the most marked
showed
courtesy,
be,
but
came
he had caused without
any necessity
although
Burgoyne,
"
she writes,
house to be burned.
their magnificent
But,"
us
as
to
knew
their
who
how
people
forget
"they treated
Even General
Bur
of others."
losses in the misfortune
goyne was deeply
General
Schuyler,
that
you
injury,
at their magnanimity,
and said to
moved
" is it to
have
who
done
me,
you so much
"
some
kindness
!
After
show so much
both fam
the Schuylers
they set out for Boston,
days with
to
reluctant
from
the
other.
At
ilies seemingly
very
part
their American
at Boston,
last they arrived, with
guard
THE
SURRENDER
OF
BURGOYNE'S
ARMY
(See F
Baroness
Frederika
393
Riedesel.
town, after some three weeks
stay, they were
the Bar
and were
to Cambridge,
writes
lodged,
one
in
the
most
the
of
houses
of
beautiful
oness,
place.
"
she writes, " had I chanced upon such an agreeable
Never,"
Here
Baroness
Riedesel
and those of the cap
situation."
from which
removed
tives who were
and
most
from
means
As
was
her
though
violent
with
they
patriots,
the Americans
to show
and were
them, entertained
found
themselves
on
the whole
and
the
entertained,
surrounded
received
they
prisoners
sought
by many
kindness
by
every
their gratitude.
sent to Virginia.
It
approached
they were
in November
of the year 1778 that the Baroness
with
a
her husband,
and the army, again made
children,
winter
journey,
long weary
almost
impassable
from
going
roads, and through
met
with
kindness
they
though
the
and
rudeness
of over
officers,
jeers
and
over
to Virginia
Cambridge
storm
and tempest,
the American
from
zealous
patriots
were
disgraceful.
the
at Hartford,
in the Province
of
journey
seem
met
there
La
whom
Connecticut,
they
Fayette,
they
to have found very agreeable
where
indeed, and at Fishkill
Breaking
and
they crossed the Hudson, Washington
seems to have
The great man
impressed
officer speaking
Brunswick
of the General
said : " that it is a pity a man
of
naively
talents is a rebel to his king."
In February
after
reached,
his
staff arrived.
them well, and a
on this occasion,
his
character
and
the new
was
year 1779 their destination
some
a
twelve
weeks
and
travelling
making
near
of
At Colle
678 English miles.
Charlottsville
journey
in Virginia,
now settled
these captives
of war were
for a
time and there General
Riedesel
had built for his family a
large
house,
of
at a
cost
of
a hundred
guineas.
however
pretty," wrote the Baroness,
exceedingly
lived in it, as the heat
in summer
bothered
deal
and General
repaired
the baths
Riedesel
for a short
there,
having
had
a sun
to Frederick-spring
and while
here met General
time
"It
was
they never
them a good
stroke, they
for the use of
Washington's
and
family
patriot
Baroness
was
394Frederika
Baroness
a Madame
" Garel
a reasonable
Riedesel
and
"
and most
became
great
together, when
the Baroness
afternoons
Riedesel.
an
,* who
though
lovable woman.
friends,
Geismar
Captain
sang Italian
ardent
She and
their
spending
would
play the
all
airs, which
gave
a
while
thus
countryman,
day
engaged,
great pleasure.
to
from whom
they had endeavored
by many kind words
As the Americans
obtain fresh butter, came in upon them.
are fond of music,
he
listened
and
attentively,
generally
violin
One
the Baroness
when
more.
asked
She
him
asked
finished,
sportively
her
to
he would
" Two
what
she did
once
sing
give
her
of
pounds
gratis.
nothing
so
The
idea
her
answered.
butter,"
well,
pleased
"
to sing.
another
that she began
one," said he, as
Play
" but
soon as she had finished
At
that,
lively."
something
so
next
he
that
the
she
sang
much,
brought
morning
length
for
it ?
had
saying
he at once
He also had
her four or five pounds
of the coveted butter.
she
in
Thus
succeded
their
him.
his wife with
winning
The
and from this time forth lacked for nothing.
affection
best
of the
the
Baroness
joke was,,
wished
that
the good
to be
when
dered much
she paid
had
already
they
supposed
describes
The Baroness
soul
believed
actually
paid
them for
singing,
the butter
won
and
for
which
they
sold.
as
the dancing
of the negroes,
reel of the gentry
she saw it in the south, and the Virginia
;
and their slaves as they
describes
also the landed proprietors
the beauty
of the country,
existed at that time, and enjoys
wild
though
During
received
news
adjutants
Madame
were
country
north.
seat,
The
sojourn
that he
at
and
Riedesel
baths, General
with
their
General
Phillips
these
in order to be exchanged.
to go to New York
at her
invited
them
to visit her
Garel
then
1Garel?as
been
having
of Carrollton
as it then was.
and rugged,
their
in the Province
picture
Baroness
a Mrs.
Carroll
of
Eiedesel
on
of Maryland,
hospitality
charming
in
writes,
of the well
known
Carroll.
their
they
reality
and distinguished
The
in Maryland.
way
there
lady
Carrolls
""
""
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K.-
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'^'
"
.
*
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fSglai
i?%j?*&&l\X
?^??3*^3
^^^??
111
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^iSLa
??*"*..
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p^frfit?U'?^
SP*
CAMP OF THE CONVENTION
l?-*&
ARMY,
>
NEAR CHARLOTTESVILLE,
Frederika
Baroness
395
Riedesel.
found
them is given with
the truest appreciation
awaiting
by the Baroness,
"I
had advised Madame
Garel
of my arrival,"
she writes,
" and
to meet me.
she sent a man on horseback
After
I
a very pretty hamlet,
inhabited by pure
through
of
whom
had
his
and understood
negroes?each
garden,
some handicraft?we
a
to
drove
through
large court-yard,
a very beautiful
us
the
where
whole
received
house,
family
a joyful welcome.
with
The
of an old
consisted
family
had
passed
of age,
of a sprightly
years
eighty-four
the most
vener
extreme
neatness,
upon whose
four per
countenance,
contentment;
appeared
happy
father-in-law,
and
humour
able
; and their kind, beloved mother,
were
served
upon
silver, and
with
much
but with
true,
display,
fectly lovely grandchildren
our amiable
hostess.
We
entertained,
not, it is
was
taste.
for comfort.
She said to me
Nothing
wanting
as
a
she
I
remain
would
her
with
that,
hoped
long time, she
had received me as if I belonged
to the family.
"
The garden was magnificent;
and on the following
day,
us out
was
she drove
to show us the vineyard,
which
and
in
fact
splendid,
my
taste,
displayed
great
exceeding
a great fruit
First we went
expectations.
through
garden.
a
Then we ascended
the vineyard
by
path, which
winding
a
led to the top of the hill.
Between
two
vines,
every
an
and
amaranth
this
The
effect
of
grew.
poplar-rose
was to give a magnificent
to every
appearance
arrangement
to one looking
down from the top,
part of the vineyard,
such a one, indeed,
that for beauty,
I have not found
its
seen.
of
in
America
which
I
The
have
hus
any part
equal
band of Madame
Garel had traveled
abroad, and gathered
these ideas of the laying out of grounds
in England
and in
In
France.
rather
brusque
wife, who,
nevertheless
other
and
although
did not
he was
respects
niggardly,
she never
and
not
not
showed
to be happy.
appear
she loved very much.
"
Not far from this estate was
very
at all
but
lovable,
suited to his
it by outward
signs,
Her father-in-law
a town,
called Baltimore,
396
Frederika
which
amiable
they told me was
families.
We
friend
of our hostess.
Heloise
Rousseau's
the
husband
Baroness
very pretty, and
a visit
received
and
inhabited
from
these women
Both
of Heloise.
Riedesel.
her
friend, and
was
Madame
by many
intimate
an
me
ot
father
of
reminded
the
as
old
full
of
tender
as
I believe,
have gladly had a St.
she, and would,
feeling
Preux
We
for a husband.
for her a temple
arranged
The lovely agreeable Madame
adorned with flowers.
Garel
is now
have
dead
; and her
with a great
met
long
her
children,
here
eight
or
our parting was very sad.
us
They
supplied
a
to
of
the
best
for
last
provisions
quality,
enough
as
not
did
time. We
the
need
however,
them,
royal
ten days,
with
family, but especially
loss. We
remained
and
custom,
friendly
feeling, and the others through
us with
us kindly
and furnished
everything
In this country
it would be held
for sustenance.
ist, through
welcomed
needful
a crime
to refuse
From Maryland
at Yorktown
and
to a traveler."
hospitality
where
into Pennsylvania,
Bethlehem,
and
settled by the Moravians,
and
Province
of New
Jersey
in
that
stopped
they
beautiful
on
to Elizabethtown,
near
so
to New York
country
in the
they
now
on
at
the
almost
hand,
happiness,
journeyed,
counting
for at
them
there, but only to be disappointed,
awaiting
an order to return
a
with
letter
Elizabethtown
received
they
to ratify the ex
had refused
south again, as the Congress
now were,
she
as the Baroness's
Shattered
hopes
change.
did not allow her courage
to fail her, and took this news
as collectedly
as the bravest,
ill and suf
she was
although
fering,
turned
to a child.
soon to give birth
expecting
of
to Bethlehem,
after a residence
where
re
They
six weeks,
to go to New York
They
again.
permission
for the second
time, where
passed
through Elizabethtowrn
on
embarked
and there
received,
kindly
they were most
late in the even
the Hudson
river and reached New York
they
received
and delicacy,
kindness
they
Here,
by the greatest
of General
town house
in the very elegant
installed
tell the
to
not
servants
his
had bidden
who
Tryon,
ing.
were
Baroness
Frederika
397
Riedesel.
where
she had been taken, for fear
of
this
accept
subsequently
gift.
(This house
was
site
of New York.)
the
of
the Bank
years
to avoid
in order
minded
man,
however,
she would
Baroness
over
crossed
to Long
Island
he
where
not
and until
This
their
a
had
late
noble
thanks,
provisional
command.
All
she
were
and her one fear was lest
anticipated,
reached
should
abuse so much
her,)
at
and kindness.
that
time was
at
Everything
her wishes
(when
hospitality
the highest
at
tained
the
truth
articles
of food could not be ob
Many
so dear as to exhaust
others were
the
price.
all, and
means
of the wealthiest,
who hitherto
had kept up their six
a
their
side
and
courses,
services,
great deal of fish, flesh
was
as
and fowl,
then in fashion.
While
the small
here
pox raged violently,
hour's
ride out of
moved
and
there,
ing, which
the British
mahogany
frightened
possible
in fact,
return
had
was
kindness
and
overwhelmed
for
and
flatter
she
them,
fitted
found
at
the
in
the
dwell
of
expense
with
this
throughout
would
occasion
in a great measure,
they were
was very
in New
who
York
than
a friend
done
if done
for
to them, that
the Riedesels,
to make
the Baroness
on her
the distinguished
it
for himself.
the birthday
of the Queen
of England
a great
to
wished
the
celebrate
with
they
day
was the general wish,
to
General
please
partly
As
partly
confer
Riedesel,
performed
the greatest
received
already
from
the
courtesy
English.
They,
them with
marks
of
distinguished
for which
him more
Baroness
to have
expense
Phillips,
and was so strong
was
that whatever
beloved,
declared
would
been
York
built
nation,
The
furniture.
her, as she had
friendship,
thank General
to
to New
been
finished
sincere
much
had
a house, an
offered
General
town, by
Clinton,
they re
the children
inoculated
with
the
having
writes
operation,"
have been dangerous
small-pox?"an
" which would
the city."
On their
and
the
her
forget
honour
approached,
fete ; and it
Phillips
own
sufferings,
of being queen
and
to
of
Baroness
398Frederika
Riedesel.
and the Baron
length the great day arrived,
had
the
the
of having
the
ess, representing
queen,
pleasure
to her.
introduced
At
six in
assembled
whole
company
the ball.
At
to drive
she was obliged
to
two
the
ball, where
opposite
generals,
and at
and
with kettle-drums
trumpets,
a canopy, and drink
the first toast.
So
the afternoon
in a carriage
seated
were
received
they
supper
much
to sit under
was
touched
of friendship
she received
in
to
order
show
her grati
tired,
extremely
although
even
as
as
till
two in the
she remained
possible,
long
by all
the Baroness
that
tude
the marks
morning.
Not
on this
only
in New
York,
that
kindness,
the exception
did Sir Henry
Island
of Long
fuel
to
in their wood.
send
and
be
supplied,
of all the army, suffered
caressed
sojourn
so much
with
the winter
very pleasantly,
they passed
In
with
the
cold.
vain
of suffering
intensely
to the farmers
issue proclamations
Clinton
not
could
but during her whole
were
loaded with
occasion,
the Riedesels
The
demand
for
the
Riedesel,
in that inclement
the Baroness
severely
winter.
Orders
were
avenue
great
given to cut down
in front of the city.
but
Wall
all
some
This
of the
was
trees
probably
in the
the
were
the
street,
highways
principal
trees.
A
shade
luxuriant
with
this period
chief
the
describes
at this time visiting New York
present
adorned
at
traveler
in
all planted with magnificent
trees, which
exces
a
the
and
fine
appearance,
gave
during
as can be
a cooling
shade.
sive heat afforded
Therefore,
as felling
at
such
many
proceedings
protested
imagined,
to object was the
them
these town
trees, and chief among
streets
as being
summer
them
Baroness
felt
for
damage
About
as she
in spite of such dire need
who
Riedesel,
much
to
such
considerable
the wood,
objected
as the cutting down of them would
entail.
this
the Baroness
came
claimed,
to New
"Why!
who
had known
time, an old acquaintance,
the Hessian
General
in her girlhood,
Loos,
ex
he
her
York.
again
Upon
meeting
what
has
become
of
your
slender
waist,
Baroness
Frederika
beautiful
your
are
gone,
; and when
by this one and
They
lands
your
very
adventures,
ladies who
Riedesel.
399
fair white
and your
hands?
complexion
seen many
stead you have
but in their
be called upon
you return home you will
to relate
that one of your
acquaintance
the very next
and perhaps,
instant, those
first
you, will
and while
narrative
wearisome,
<
can
say, The woman
fans, will
knew
it was
ica.'"
As
the Baroness
your
the plain truth, with
him for his warning,
her
out
of
his
custom
envy, declare
with
their
playing
talk of nothing
but Amer
asked
amiability,
charming
to guard herself
of this journey,
talking
against the
into which
promising
of constantly
fault she felt she easily might
she counseled
him, that when
weakness
fall.
to speak
thanked
she
On her
side, however,
other women,
he should
the
also guard himself
of
of
against
speaking
perishability
find many who would
their charms, as he might
not take it
as
as she had.
good naturedly
The
seventh
day
the Riedesels
1780
it had already
who,
be christened
should
a boy,
child
of March
with
girl, they immediately
The rest of the winter
a daughter was born to
been arranged were
the
seems
to have been passed agree
on
the part of the Baroness
anxiety
or her husband
should
contract
the
children
as the latter was far from being
small-pox,
after all the exposures
that the war and
him
to.
subjected
General
a most
a
being
of no little
ably in spite
for fear the
summer
but
Americus,
called America.
in robust
the
health
climate
had
invited
Clinton
them to spend
Sir Henry
the
a
at his country
seat,
residence,
delightful
having
beautiful
orchard
and meadows
and the
situation,
river
in front of the house. Every
directly
running
at
their
fruits of the
placed
disposal,
including
more
delicious
than they could eat so
indeed
flavor,
Hudson
thing
most
was
that
their
and
their
servants
also
horses,
fruits
which
eagerly
ate
ground,
which
they
off
feasted
the
had
on peaches
roamed
through
trees,
disdaining
to give
gathered
even
to satiety,
the
that
to
orchards,
on the
the pigs
to
400
fatten
them.
Peaches,
here without
and other
apricots
and had
espaliers
Riedesel.
fruits were
as thick
trunks
raised
as those
of
trees.
ordinary
"
Not
gates,
Baroness
Frederika
far from
the Baroness,
breakers
for
us," writes
are
which
dangerous
the
We
often
river.
up
through
was
one
wrecked
went
and
only
at this place."
General
Clinton
came
often
" were
the Hell
ships to pass
in
ships
danger, but
our stay
to pieces during
the
saw
to
visit
one
sometimes
them,
On one of these
by only
aid-de-camp.
he had with
him the unfortunate?as
he after
occasions,
wards
the day after, set out
who
Andr?,
became?Major
as a
the fatal expedition,
in which
he was captured
upon
was
"It
wrote
the
this
"that
spy.
very
sad,"
Baroness,
accompanied
pre-eminently
victim
to his
excellent
zeal
and
should have
fallen
young man
his kind heart, which
led him
a precarious
known
officers
such
undertake
errand
instead
of
a
to
it to
leaving
the duty
properly
on
but whom
that very account
belonged,
(as they would
be more
to
he
to
save."
wished
exposed
danger),
summer
remained
this
the entire
of 1780, upon
They
came
estate.
to
Two
their
Miss
share
Robinsons
lovely
and enliven
but a fortnight
their company,
pre
loneliness,
vious to the Riedesels
return to the city, news of the arrival
over the latest fashions,
of a ship from England
bringing
took these ladies back again
to town.
On the Baroness's
older
and
return
to the city she scarcely
and
actually
laughable
just over from England,
New York
The
ladies.
seems
to whom
them in their odd
recognized
a
which
very
pretty woman,
garb,
had imposed upon them and other
taste
for
fashionable
frivolity
unaffected
by
and
to have
the
been
totally
of
the
winter
which
followed.
privations
gloomy
In the autumn
and General
of 1780 General
Riedesel
were
and by the spring of 1781,
Phillips
finally
exchanged;
a command
on Long
Riedesel
General
been
having
given
we
a
find
them
in
settled
there
where
house
Island,
again
a magnificent
fortunate
in having
they were
prospect,
display
^^K??SS??5^^?r^'
*
: /-y V^
Frederika
Baroness
Riedesel.
401
in danger of constantly
surprises
attempted
though
by the
in order to take prisoners.
Americans
Every
they
evening
could see from their windows
the city of New York
lighted
in the water.
could also hear
up and it's reflection
They
was
the beating
of the drums, and if everything
particularly
Another
still, even the calls of the sentinels.
day a fleet
of
full
under
ships approached
thirty
them and the city.
between
and
sail,
anchored
the troops under General
Riedesel's
at
command
Among
this place were
the English
who
light dragoons
evidently
loved their commander
and his wife
and on
exceedingly,
one
her
them,
back
them
the English
said
when
occasion
with
to
of them.
advance
been
dining
accompany
camp, whereupon
they very politely
to go with
the party.
She accepted,
a carriage,
and reached
the camp
in
to her surprise
Much
she was greeted
in
herself
had
he would
their
the Baroness
begged
seated
officers
that
husband
even to the beating
of drums which
honours,
military
so
an officer
to
that
she
remarked
confused
that
her,
quite
this was not suitable
to her, and that German women were
with
not
to
accustomed
answered
honor
that
such
their
the wife
a
of
corps
of General
him
finally
so much
induced
that
necessary
behind
to send
he
parted
between
continued
friendship
until death;
and the Riedesel
than
he
at
once
not
sufficiently
as their
who,
commanding
so much kindness;
and more
never
she had done
forget what
was very uncertain,
and as
did not improve,
and more
to that portion
of his corps
Riedesel
over his presence was
which
remained
had
was
could
general
them with
officer, had treated
than all this, they would
for their comrades
at Saratoga.
The time of their departure
the health
But
distinctions.
whole
in Canada,
him
General
Clinton
he
thither, although
from him with
regret.
loved
This
separated?
them?although
continued
for more
family
to keep up a friendly
intercourse with
of
Clintons.
generations
from General
this time they also parted
Phillips?
one generation
succeeding
About
vol.
xxx.?26
402
who
was
on an expedition
and
painful,
sent
sides was
on both
there, they never
Their departure
July
Baroness
Frederika
to Carolina.
as this
The
parting
man died
excellent
him
beheld
was
Riedesel.
again.
last determined
at
; accordingly
they
with
illness, fogs
set
sail and after
and
voyage,
all kinds
for the month
a most
of mishaps
of
distressing
reached
Quebec.
in the middle
Arriving
of
September
and
in Canada
difficult
the generally
friends at once with
English
making
who with great friendliness
General Haldimand,
Lieutenant
was ready for them at Sorel
that no fit dwelling
deplores
that this
upon their arrival, but points out to the Baroness
that he knew of no
is of such considerable
importance,
so capable
it as her husband.
Such appre
of filling
and we
Riedesel
ciation of her spouse easily won Baroness
soon find her delighting
in a house built for them, which
post
one
was
in readiness
for
their
celebrated
there
they
Christmas
English
reception
that blessed
on Christmas-eve,
and
an
ate
and
holiday
pie.
were
paper
pretty
pasted,"
"Upon
hangings
" and we
had
the Baroness,
writes
quite a spruce
really
We
had a large dining-room,
and near by, a
residence.
room
close to which was our sleep
for my husband,
pretty
the walls
: then came a little nursery,
was
to which
ing apartment
a small closet also prettily fitted up especially
attached
for
a
our eldest daughter
and
of
and
last
all
beautiful
;
large
The entry resem
parlor, which we used as a sitting room.
it's sides were benches,
bled more a fine apartment.
Along
from
which
and in it stood a great
stove,
strong
pipes
extended
Thus
have
winters.
to the ceiling and heated
the whole
most
and
comfortably
they lived
suffered
What
from
the cold,
they missed
house."
never
seem
to
or the severity of the Canadian
in society by being
at Sorel,
at a time
of five and six weeks
up for by visits
they made
at Quebec,
and soon we find
the intrepid
Baroness
to Montreal,
barked upon a journey
by sledge
going
to spend a week
the frozen St. Lawrence
there.
em
along
Baroness
Frederika
403
Riedesel.
came round her husband
con
for planting
the large patch of ground
round their house at Sorel
in which he planted
twelve hun
into a productive
garden,
the season
As
verted
and made
and a few vegetables,
this garden
not only ornamental,
but useful.
grew splen
Everything
in
amused
and
the
themselves
;
they
didly
evening
picking
the Baroness
which
cucumbers,
fashion,
pickled, German
dred
trees
fruit
and made
presents
upon a
lived
they
number
of
short-legged
and felt truly
acquaintance
dians
called
markets
their
to her
of
Canadian
this was
little, black,
own butter,
the
They made
the promised
land.
at
this
time, which
cranberry
and which
ottocas,
to-day
at Montreal
The
by this name.
to
their
attached
barracks,
gardens
was
There
seeds.
ing them
these fellows as to which
divided
with
could prepare
one another
all
regularly
in the garden
; some did the
the barracks
clean ; others
again went
and cut wood,
and each company went
so considerate
as
to the Baroness.
they caught
two and three times a week.
to
are
the
In
in
the
sold
soldiers
her
also
husband
considerable
worked
all were
fact,
a large
cows,
farm, keeping
magnificent
and Virginia
pigs, funny
The Baroness
made
her
things.
fowls,
of the
In
friends.
send
In
rivalry
the best meal.
their work,
had
giv
among
They
as some
; some kept
cooking
out into the forest
some
in turn, and
fishing
of the fish which
this way
they
Notwithstanding
toward their native
land.
wistfully
there was another daughter
in Canada
While
whom
but who
Riedesels,
they called Canada,
had
fish
all this, all
looked
destined
Sorel.
born
to the
they were
to loose, and the beloved
little one was buried
in
In order to dissipate
their sorrow, General Haldi
in the summer
of 1783, begged
his friends
to visit
mand,
in Quebec.
him
came, just heard
and
the invitation
when
They had, however,
of the death of General Riedesel's
father,
more
ever
made
them
than
naturally,
long
this, very
to return to Europe.
The Baroness
to see her own dear mother,
brothers
it not been for this homesickness,
Had
also wished
and
sisters
they would
very much
once more.
have
been
404
Baroness
Frederika
Riedesel.
in Canada
contented
; for the climate
perfectly
agreed well
were
on a very
with them
and
beloved
and
all,
they
by,
with
the
had
been
News
received
pleasant
people.
footing
that as the preliminaries
of peace had already been
signed,
their troops would,
sent
to
be
back
that
Europe
perhaps,
re
to
much
General
wished
Haldimand
year.
also, very
to England,
and had gone so far as to solicit his recall.
to
to make
the return voyage
They often formed
plans
at
in
One
his
when
house, walking
gether.
day
together
turn
a number
the garden,
of vessels
and
arrived in the harbour,
a
at the foot of
among others,
very beautiful
ship anchored
" Those
are cer
the mountain.
General Haldimand
said,
are
to
the
vessels
that
to
take
back
your
troops
tainly
Perhaps
we
the
shall make
journey
together."
he
the
called
and
upon
Baroness,
afterwards,
days
"You
tears in his eyes told her they must
with
separate.
are to go, but I must
remain.
I shall miss you very much.
Europe.
Two
I have
dom
in your
entire family friends
such as are
I had hoped we
should have
with.
returned
found
met
gether
but
the King
Meanwhile
has
ordered
to
and I must
it otherwise
I have myself
obey him.
was
that
chosen
for you, and finding
as I wish
assumed
for
you, I have
good
of hiring
and having
it put in proper
of yourself
and your family,
cupation
from my garden.
Now go and look at
sel
examined
it unsafe
the
and
ship
not as
the
responsibility
order, for the oc
the one we admired
it, and order it fitted
as
Your
wish.
husband
is
up for your comfort
you
exactly
about to go to Sorel, and it would
for you to ac
be well
to make
him thither
all necessary
company
arrangements
return here soon and give
for your voyage,
but you must
me
your company for the little time that will remain to you
He
then left her deeply moved.
before your departure."
the
She started
for Sorel, and upon finishing
immediately
to
to
returned
set
sail
necessary
Quebec,
prepared
packing
as soon as their
On
General
their
ship was ready
General
departure,
Haldimand
his
favorite
for them.
Riedesel
mare,
sent
with
to
her
the good
beautiful
in
and
foal;
muff
Frederika
Baroness
return
sent
he
405
Riedesel.
a magnificent
the land where
the Baroness
and tippit of sable, to remind them of
so long resided.
had
they
their departure,
the English
officers
Two
days before
a
the
them
attention?in
which
paid
they gave
comedy
a
at
the
twice a week,?of
end
of
the
performance,
giving
of
song, expressive
touching
parture of their troops ; and closing
treatment
Riedesel
for his kind
of
their
truly
with
wishing
her
After
them
husband
a prosperous
had seen
troops, they took dinner
after which he escorted
each
at
the de
General
thanking
one of them, and
journey.
to the embarkation
and tea with
them
of the
General
Haldimand;
where
ship,
they took
of him, and several
others
to the
a right hearty but sad farewell
them friendliness.
who had showed
It was
with
regret
the middle
of August
when
they set out on their
and
arrived
at Portsmouth
about
journey home,
they
" Our
the middle
of the following
hearts were
September.
the Baroness
very light as we stepped upon the land," wrote
" and I
to her mother,
thanked God for the happy reunion
of us all, and especially
for having
preserved my husband
to me."
almost
set out for London
They
immediately
were
to
where
their
who received
presented
they
majesties,
return
them
by
with
the
extraordinary
their
princesses,
graciousness.
all
They,
seated
surrounded
the
before
daughters,
the queen,
the princesses
and Baroness
Ried
a half circle, her husband,
with
the King,
in the centre close to the fire while
tea and cakes
chimney-fire,
esel forming
standing
were passed
round.
His Majesty
said to the Baroness
that
he had followed
her everywhere
and often inquired
after
her and always heard with delight
con
that she was well,
tented and beloved by everyone.
About
nine o'clock in the
came in. His young
the Prince
of Wales
sisters
evening
flocked
round him
about.
In short
for
removing
to be
himself
all
and he embraced
the
royal
restraint
in a cheerful
them
and danced them
such a peculiar
gift
could readily imagine
had
family
that one
circle
of his
own
station
in life.
406
Frederika
her
During
Baroness
Mr.
short
had
sojourn
Riedesel.
at
in London
time
this
the
of meeting
Lord
pleasure
some
to
the
also made
trips
she
Fox;
Baroness
better
with
country and to become
acquainted
went
to see the most
its vicinity
note-worthy
the
and
North
surrounding
and
London
of
objects
interest.
news
The
the
that
fleet
that was
to take
them
to Ger
was
in sailing
them away and having
trim, hurried
a great journey
were
soon
those days),
they
(for
once
a
landed
in
remained
safely
day
Germany.
They
again
in Stade where
they had landed, and from there the Baron
many
made
by"' her
ess, directed
Wolfenbuttel.
Here
she
as she had
friends
tion
husband
the family mansion
in the same
it on her departure
for America,
order
also
come
to
expressly
a
prepared
capital
for His
having
this
she had
her husband with his
" But
it is beyond my power
their
for
to God
refreshing
to rest with a
for having
manifold
the great
recep
after
so
watched
graciously
" for the
precious
gift
own
seeing
do
supper;
retired
Riedesel
and, she writes,
daughter America."
a week
About
afterward
family,
to
Good
with
it, Baroness
of hearty and sincere thanks
so many
her
and
through
especially
on
left
themselves
feeling
served
as ever, went
found
had
and
beloved
pre
but
dangers,
over all her
of my
little
satisfaction
of
the
troops, pass through
to describe my emotions,
city.
the whole
at beholding
who,
my beloved,
husband,
upright
time had lived solely for his duty, and who had constantly
as far as possi
in helping
and assisting,
been so unwearied
to him?standing,
ble those who had been entrusted
with
tears
of joy in his eyes, in the midst
of his soldiers, who
a
and
surrounded
sorrowful
crowd
by
joyous
turn were
in
of
sisters
and friends?-all
wives,
children,
mothers,
see
to
him
their
ones."
loved
round
again
pressing
went
to
The following
where
Brunswick,
day they
they
at court
dined
after
this
and met
separa
again,
long
"Welches
eine grosse Freude,
friends.
tion many
aber
fathers,
THE
DAUGHTERS
AMERICA,
OF
AFTERWARDS
FREDERIKA,
AUGUSTA.
BARONESS
RIEDESEL
COUNTESS
BERNSDORF
AFTERWARDS
AFTERWARDS
COUNTESS
PRINCESS
REDEN
REUSS
Frederika
eine Gem?thsbewegung
zugleich
bis ins Innerste
ersch?tterte."
407
Riedesel.
Baroness
in mir
die mich
erregte,
*
in Germany,
in the adored Fatherland,
and better
Again
in her own home, Baroness Riedesel
still, once more
enjoyed
a respite from the alarms of war for four happy years, when
was
her husband
and was
to the
advanced
rank
of Lieutenant
Gen
to support
the cause of the
eral,
he returned
to Lauterbach,
after which
the
Stadtholder;
"
the
ancestral
castle and
in
of
Riedesels
Hesse.
Landgut"
In 1794 he was appointed
commandant
of the city of
sent
to Holland
and died
Brunswick,
her husband
survived
there
in
1800.
Baroness
after
and
Riedesel
a most
eight years,
happy
her nine chil
life, idolized by all her family, and especially
on the 29th
dren and a host of friends,
she died at Berlin,
at
rests by the
the
She
of
of March,
1808,
age
sixty-two.
side
of
her
beloved
consort
in the
died
Her
bach.
family vault at Lauter
in 1854, at Buchwald
in
only son, George,
the home of her gifted and distinguished
had accompanied
her mother
who
Frederika,
Silesia,
daughter,
in all her
as Countess
in America,
was
Reden
and who
,
wanderings
women
on
one of the most
warm
of her day,
celebrated
terms of friendship
and after her death
a beautiful
caused
Riedesel's
Baroness
this
the prominent
of Prussia,
the king
monument
son
men
of
Frederick
the
time;
William,
to be erected
left but
to her memory.
one daughter,
with whom
be
family died out. America
like
and
all
her
wonder
was,
Bernsdorf,
a delightful
woman.
daughters,
of
branch
came
with
the Riedesel
the Countess
ful mother's
"As for the tales
Montaigne,
the conscience
of those
upon
With
them
I borrow,
I charge
I have
from whom
them."
Whatever
or Baroness
and
country
1
This
which
may have
Riedesel's
was
moved
great
my
the
been General
reputation
Burgoyne's
we
know
that this
of
him,
opinion
an
in
considered
him
public
general
joy ; but
innermost
excited
in me,
at
the
same
time,
emotions
soul.
408Frederika
Baroness
Riedesel.
And
and a gallant
of a
officer.
gentleman,
it is easy to suppose, would
bear the
necessarily
the
most
incensed
the
of
pas
animosities,
stamp
strongest
to civil dissensions,
it
sions, and a depth of feeling peculiar
to
not
is a proud
read
that
thing, indeed,
only humanity,
accomplished
war, which
were
and genuine
but urbanity,
shown
kindness,
sympathy,
as
to the captives,
and to have
it in documentary
evidence
as that with which
Riedesel
in
the
Baroness
her
agreeable
Des
Germany
it.
presents
experience
Saal
Bilder
Neuer?feuten
in 1782,
an
contains
vol.
xvii,
on
article
covering the period from 1776 to 1780.
of the
reproduction
the day after
documents
hour
marched
the
plain
American
their
main
of the
account
late
etching
the
capitulation
quaint
terms
of
signed
out
and
and
foes,
exchanged,
camp with
from
position
for
the
"
in
published
N?rnberg,
war'1,
English-American
The following is a translation
of Burgoyne's
to Gates,
army
text.
the
which
illustrates
of the
designated
army was
in that
capitulation
the
had
the
bands
surrender.
been
upon,
agreed
at
army,
whole
playing
At
the
and
same
the
colors
time
Upon
and the
appointed
to
flying,
the whole
out by Geni. Gates
and drawn
up opposite
'
'
re
and
for them
to
about
face
given
was
until
the
the
surrender
Even
completed.
same
were
at the
of Grenadiers,
who
paraded
ordered
the
order
companies
twenty-four
the same
order
and
had to obey
time and place,
lower
their
colors,
scene
not
to this
that the Royal
have
any witnesses
troops
might
Even
to be a witness
their humiliation.
did not wish
General
Gates
this
sad
over
; which
him
the
scene,
and
a
and
"
closed
the
action
extraordinary
and admiration
esteem
of
curtain
and
of
noble
the whole
his
carriage
consideration,
English
all
until
gained
army."
so
of
to
was
for
U

Frederika Baroness Riedesel

Transcription

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